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Rahman HH, Toohey W, Munson-McGee SH. Exposure to arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, and association with skin cancers in the US adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:101681-101708. [PMID: 37653200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, skin cancer affects millions of people yearly and is broadly classified into melanoma and nonmelanoma types of skin cancer. The toxicity of metals to human health is a public and clinical health problem due to their widespread use in tools, machinery, and appliances as well as their widespread distribution in the air, water, and soil. Arsenic is a carcinogenic metalloid and available in the Earth's crust. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic to humans, and incomplete combustion of fossil fuels is the main source of PAHs. Human populations exposed to metals from various sources can lead to various diseases including cancer. Limited studies are conducted to simultaneously assess the correlation of multiple arsenic, PAHs, metals with the occurrence of skin cancer. This study aimed to analyze the association between six PAHs compounds, seven types of arsenic, and fourteen metals from urine specimen with skin cancer in US adults. We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from a total of 14,716 adults from the National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) database for three cycles ranging from 2011-2012 to 2015-2016. Specialized weighted complex survey logit regressions were conducted. Linear logit regression models using only main effects were performed first to identify the correlation between the selected demographic and lifestyle variables and melanoma, nonmelanoma, and unknown types of skin cancer. A second set of linear, main-effects logit regression models were constructed to examine the correlation between melanoma, nonmelanoma, and other types of skin cancers and seven types of arsenic (arsenous acid, arsenic acid, arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylacrsonic acid, and total arsenic), six PAHs (1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenathrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene), and fourteen metals (barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, manganese, lead, antimony, tin, strontium, thallium, tungsten, uranium, and mercury) when adjusted for the selected covariates. The statistical analysis was conducted using R software, version 4.0.4. A marginal positive significant correlation between total arsenic and nonmelanoma was observed. This study identified a significant positive association between barium, cadmium, cesium, mercury, tin, and melanoma development. Cesium showed a significant positive statistical association for nonmelanoma, and thallium showed a borderline significant statistical association for nonmelanoma. A statistically significant positive association was found between cadmium and an unknown type of skin cancer. The findings of this study indicated a statistically significant positive association between skin cancer and barium, cadmium, cesium, tin, mercury, and thallium. Further studies are recommended in humans to refute or confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walker Toohey
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3501 Arrowhead Dr, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
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2
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Zhang L, Sun P, Sun D, Zhou Y, Han L, Zhang H, Zhu B, Wang B. Occupational health risk assessment of the benzene exposure industries: a comprehensive scoring method through 4 health risk assessment models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84300-84311. [PMID: 35780272 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is one of the most common occupational hazards in the working environment which was in the list of group 1 carcinogens. This study applied four occupational health risk assessment models: EPA model; MOM model of Singapore; the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) model, and the Technical guide WS/T 777-2021 of China. The models assessed both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects of benzene for 1629 employees in 50 factories in Jiangsu Province (China) who were exposed to benzene in the working environment and analysis the risk between industries by principal component analysis (PCA) method. The highest occupational health hazard of benzene among the five industries is petroleum processing industry, then followed by chemical products manufacturing industry, special equipment manufacturing industry, wood processing and products industry, and at last the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The population of abnormal routine blood parameters in the subjects was mostly in the "wood products industry" group, and the concentration of benzene in "wood products industry" group is the lowest in 5 groups. The industries with low exposure concentration have higher blood abnormality rates; this may be caused by the fact that blood damage is more secretive under low occupational health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing , 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing , 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing , 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing , 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Han
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengdong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing , 210009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Public Health Emergency, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Boshen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing , 210009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Goveas LC, Selvaraj R, Vinayagam R, Alsaiari AA, Alharthi NS, Sajankila SP. Nitrogen dependence of rhamnolipid mediated degradation of petroleum crude oil by indigenous Pseudomonas sp. WD23 in seawater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135235. [PMID: 35675868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Effect of oil spills on living forms demands for safe, ecofriendly and cost-effective methods to repair the damage. Pseudomonads have exceptional tolerance to xenobiotics and can grow at varied environmental conditions. This study aims at biosurfactant mediated degradation of petroleum crude oil by an indigenous Pseudomonas sp. WD23 in sea water. Pseudomonas sp. WD23 degraded 34% of petroleum crude oil (1.0% v/v) on supplementation of yeast extract (0.05 g/L) with glucose (1.0 g/L) in seawater. The strain produced a biosurfactant which was confirmed as a rhamnolipid (lipid: rhamnose 1:3.35) by FT-IR, LCMS and quantitative analysis. Produced rhamnolipid had low CMC (20.0 mg/L), emulsified petroleum oils (75-80%) and had high tolreance to varied conditions of pH, temperature and ionic strength. OFAT studies were performed to analyse the effect of petroleum crude oil, glucose, inoculum, yeast extract, pH, agitation speed and incubation time on degradation by Pseudomonas sp. WD23. Petroleum crude oil and glucose had significant effect on biodegradation, rhamnolipid production and growth, further optimized by central composite design. At optimum conditions of 3.414% v/v PCO and 6.53 g/L glucose, maximum degradation of 81.8 ± 0.67% was observed at pH 7.5, 100 RPM, 15.0% v/v inoculum in 28 days, with a 3-fold increase in biodegradation. GCMS analysis revealed degradation (86-100%) of all low and high molecular weight hydrocarbons present in petroleum crude oil. Hence, the strain Pseudomonas sp. WD23 can be effectively developed for management of oil spills in seas and oceans due to its excellent degradation abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louella Concepta Goveas
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology-Affiliated to NITTE (Deemed to be University), Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India.
| | - Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- College of Applied Medical Science, Clinical Laboratories Science Department, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed S Alharthi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shyama Prasad Sajankila
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology-Affiliated to NITTE (Deemed to be University), Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India
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4
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Weistenhöfer W, Lutz R, Hiller J, Schmitz-Spanke S, Drexler H. Syncarcinogenesis of natural UV radiation and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the development of squamous cell carcinomas of the skin? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:1179-1186. [PMID: 36075872 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the skin can be induced by occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as in tar and soot, or to UV radiation and can be recognized and compensated as occupational diseases. A possible syncarcinogenic effect of these exposures in the development of SCC in humans is under discussion. For the scientific validation of this question, a systematic literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies on individuals with SCC of the skin and their precursors as well as occupational, non-occupational, or therapeutic exposure to UV radiation and PAHs were selected. In addition, animal studies with exposure to UV radiation and PAHs were evaluated. After screening the abstracts of 510 identified studies, the full texts of 131 studies were reviewed. None of the epidemiological studies provided robust evidence for a syncarcinogenesis of PAHs and UV radiation in the development of SCC of the skin in humans. Nevertheless, as there are indications for a (super-)additive effect of UV radiation and PAH exposure from animal studies and mechanistic investigations, syncarcinogenesis seems possible. However, quantitative dose-response relationships are lacking which would allow comparison of the onset of an adverse effect between the different exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wobbeke Weistenhöfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Lutz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Hiller
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans Drexler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
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Weistenhöfer W, Lutz R, Hiller J, Schmitz-Spanke S, Drexler H. Synkanzerogenese von natürlicher UV-Strahlung und polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen bei der Entstehung von Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Haut? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:1179-1186. [PMID: 36162018 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14818_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wobbeke Weistenhöfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen
| | - Regina Lutz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen
| | - Julia Hiller
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen
| | - Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen
| | - Hans Drexler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen
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Wojcik NC, Gallagher EM, Alexander MS, Lewis RJ. Mortality of 196,826 Men and Women Working in U.S.-Based Petrochemical and Refinery Operations: Update 1979 to 2010. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:250-262. [PMID: 34670258 PMCID: PMC8887844 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe mortality trends of men and women working in various petrochemical and refinery operations of a U.S.-based company. METHODS The cohort consists of full-time employees with at least 1 day of service during 1979 through 2010. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for 111 possible causes of death studied. RESULTS SMRs for malignant mesothelioma and asbestosis were highest for the 1940s decade of hire. Increased SMRs were observed for malignant melanoma and motor neuron disease with no obvious work patterns. Decreasing mortality patterns were observed for aplastic anemia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. CONCLUSIONS Mortality surveillance of this large established cohort aids in assessing the chronic health status of the workforce. Identifying methods for incorporating job-exposure matrices and nonoccupational risk factors could further enhance interpretations for some findings such as motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Wojcik
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, New Jersey (Ms Wojcik, Ms Gallagher, Dr Alexander, and Dr Lewis)
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Thai AA, Lim AM, Solomon BJ, Rischin D. Biology and Treatment Advances in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5645. [PMID: 34830796 PMCID: PMC8615870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common skin cancer diagnosed worldwide. CSCC is generally localized and managed with local therapies such as excision and/or radiotherapy. For patients with unresectable or metastatic disease, recent improvements in our understanding of the underlying biology have led to significant advancements in treatment approaches-including the use of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI)-which have resulted in substantial gains in response and survival compared to traditional cytotoxic approaches. However, there is a lack of understanding of the biology underpinning CSCC in immunocompromised patients, in whom the risk of developing CSCC is hundreds of times higher compared to immunocompetent patients. Furthermore, current ICI approaches are associated with significant risk of graft rejection in organ transplant recipients who make up a significant proportion of immunocompromised patients. Ongoing scientific and clinical research efforts are needed in order to maintain momentum to increase our understanding and refine our therapeutic approaches for patients with CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesha A. Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.M.L.); (B.J.S.); (D.R.)
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Annette M. Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.M.L.); (B.J.S.); (D.R.)
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.M.L.); (B.J.S.); (D.R.)
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.M.L.); (B.J.S.); (D.R.)
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Jost E, Dingley B, Jost C, Cheung WY, Quan ML, Bouchard-Fortier A, Kong S, Xu Y. Associations Between the Density of Oil and Gas Infrastructure and the Incidence, Stage and Outcomes of Solid Tumours: A Population-Based Geographic Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757875. [PMID: 34722312 PMCID: PMC8555261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We hypothesized that there are geographic areas of increased cancer incidence in Alberta, and that these are associated with high densities of oil and gas(O+G) infrastructure. Our objective was to describe the relationship between O+G infrastructure and incidence of solid tumours on a population level. Methods We analyzed all patients >=18 years old with urological, breast, upper GI, colorectal, head and neck, hepatobiliary, lung, melanoma, and prostate cancers identified from the Alberta Cancer Registry from 2004-2016. Locations of active and orphan O+G sites were obtained from the Alberta Energy Regulator and Orphan Well Association. Orphan sites have no entity responsible for their maintenance. ArcGIS (ESRI, Toronto, Ontario) was used to calculate the distribution of O+G sites in each census distribution area (DA). Patient residence at diagnosis was defined by postal code. Incidence of cancer per DA was calculated and standardized. Negative binomial regression was done on O+G site density as a categorical variable with cutoffs of 1 and 30 wells/100km2, compared to areas with 0 sites. Results 125,316 patients were identified in the study timeframe;58,243 (46.5%) were female, mean age 65.6 years. Breast (22%) and prostate (19.8%) cancers were most common. Mortality was 36.5% after a median of 30 months follow up (IQR 8.4 - 68.4). For categorical density of active O+G sites, RR was 1.02 for 1-30 sites/100km2 (95% CI=0.95-1.11) and 1.15 for >30 sites/100km2 (p<0.0001, 95%CI=1.11-1.2). For orphan sites, 1-30 sites RR was 1.25 (p<0.0001, 95%CI=1.16-1.36) and 1.01 (p=0.97, 95%CI=0.7-1.45) for >30 sites. For all O+G sites, RR for 1-30 sites was 1.03 (p=0.4328, 95%CI=0.95-1.11) and 1.15 (p<0.0001, 95%CI=1.11-1.2) for >30 sites. Conclusion We report a statistically significant correlation between O+G infrastructure density and solid tumour incidence in Alberta. To our knowledge this is the first population-level study to observe that active and orphan O+G sites are associated with increased risk of solid tumours. This finding may inform policy on remediation and cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Jost
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brittany Dingley
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Casey Jost
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Winson Y Cheung
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - May Lynn Quan
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Antoine Bouchard-Fortier
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shiying Kong
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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McLoone P, Dyussupov O, Nurtlessov Z, Kenessariyev U, Kenessary D. The effect of exposure to crude oil on the immune system. Health implications for people living near oil exploration activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:762-787. [PMID: 31709802 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1689232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
People who reside near oil exploration activities may be exposed to toxins from gas flares or oil spills. The impact of such exposures on the human immune system has not been fully investigated. In this review, research investigating the effects of crude oil on the immune system is evaluated. The aim was to obtain a greater understanding of the possible immunological impact of living near oil exploration activities. In animals, the effect of exposure to crude oil on the immune system depends on the species, dose, exposure route, and type of oil. Important observations included; hematological changes resulting in anemia and alterations in white blood cell numbers, lymph node and splenic atrophy, genotoxicity in immune cells, modulation of cytokine gene expression and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. In humans, there are reports that exposure to crude oil can increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer and cause immunomodulation.Abbreviations: A1AT: alpha-1 antitrypsin; ACH50: hemolytic activity of the alternative pathway; AHR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor; BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CYP: cytochrome P450; DNFB: 2, 4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene; G-CSF: granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; 8-IP: 8-isoprostane; ISG15: interferon stimulated gene; LPO: lipid peroxidation; LTB4: leukotriene B4; M-CSF: macrophage-colony stimulating factor; MMC: melanomacrophage center; MPV: mean platelet volume; NK: natural killer; OSPM: oil sail particulate matter; PAH: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PCV: packed cell volume; RBC: red blood cell; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RR: relative risk; TH: T helper; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; UV: ultraviolet; VNNV: Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus; WBC: white blood cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline McLoone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Olzhas Dyussupov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhaxybek Nurtlessov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ussen Kenessariyev
- Department of General Hygiene and Ecology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Kenessary
- Department of General Hygiene and Ecology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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10
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Stenehjem JS, Babigumira R, Hosgood HD, Veierød MB, Samuelsen SO, Bråtveit M, Kirkeleit J, Rothman N, Lan Q, Silverman DT, Friesen MC, Robsahm TE, Kjærheim K, Andreassen BK, Shala NK, Liu FC, Strand LÅ, Grimsrud TK. Cohort Profile: Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers (NOPW) Cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:398-399. [PMID: 32879941 PMCID: PMC8128454 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jo S Stenehjem
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Magne Bråtveit
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trude E Robsahm
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Nita K Shala
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fei-Chih Liu
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif-Åge Strand
- Institute of Military Medicine and Epidemiology, Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Sessvollmoen, Norway
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Liu FC, Grimsrud TK, Veierød MB, Robsahm TE, Ghiasvand R, Babigumira R, Shala NK, Stenehjem JS. Ultraviolet radiation and risk of cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in males and females in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers cohort. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:496-510. [PMID: 33682179 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased risk of cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been reported among petroleum workers, but few studies include females, exposure data on ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and potential confounding factors. We aimed to examine UVR exposure in relation to risk of melanoma and SCC among male and female offshore petroleum workers. We also examined the association between UVR exposure and melanoma (Breslow) thickness. METHODS The Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers (NOPW) cohort (n = 27,917) holds information on sunbathing, indoor tanning, sunburns, sunscreen use, and other lifestyle factors recorded in 1998. Linkage to the Cancer Registry of Norway gave information on cancer diagnosis through 2017. We used Cox and logistic regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of skin cancer and odds ratios (OR) of thick (≥1 mm) melanomas, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Melanoma risk increased with increasing frequency of sunbathing after age 20 (ptrend = 0.031), sunburn average intensity (ptrend = 0.028), and sunscreen use (HR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.42 -3.27 for almost always vs. never/rarely). The risk of thick melanoma was inversely associated with sunbathing frequency after age 20 (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.16 - 0.90 for ≥4 weeks/year vs. 1 week/year). SCC risk increased with increasing frequency of indoor tanning after age 20 (HR = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.22 - 6.05 for ≥3 times/months vs. never), sunburn average intensity (ptrend < 0.001), and sunscreen use (ptrend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results support associations between UVR exposure and skin cancer risk in male and female offshore petroleum workers. This occupational group may be especially relevant for targeted sun protection advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Chih Liu
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude E Robsahm
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ronnie Babigumira
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nita K Shala
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jo S Stenehjem
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Alfonso JH, Martinsen JI, Weiderpass E, Pukkala E, Kjaerheim K, Tryggvadottir L, Lynge E. Occupation and cutaneous melanoma: a 45-year historical cohort study of 14·9 million people in five Nordic countries. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:672-680. [PMID: 33026672 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The age-adjusted incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) in the Nordic countries has increased during the last 60 years. Few prospective population-based studies have estimated the occupational variation in CM risk over time. OBJECTIVES To determine occupational variation in CM risk. METHODS A historical prospective cohort study with a 45-year follow-up from 1961 to 2005 (Nordic Occupational Cancer Study, NOCCA) based on record linkages between census and cancer registry data for Nordic residents aged 30-64 years in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. National occupational codes were converted to 53 occupational categories, and stratified into indoor, outdoor and mixed work, and into socioeconomic status. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated as observed number of CM cases divided by the expected number calculated from stratum-specific person-years and national CM incidence rates. RESULTS During a follow-up of 385 million person-years, 83 898 incident cases of CM were identified. In all countries combined, men with outdoor work had a low SIR of 0·79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·77-0·81] and men with indoor work had a high SIR of 1·09 (95% CI 1·07-1·11). Differences in women pointed in the same direction. High socioeconomic status was associated with an excess risk: SIR 1·34 (95% CI 1·28-1·40) in men and SIR 1·31 (95% CI 1·26-1·36) in women. Technical, transport, military and public safety workers with potential skin exposure to carcinogens had excess risks. CONCLUSIONS Occupational variation in CM risk may be partly explained by host, socioeconomic and skin exposure factors. Differences in CM risk across socioeconomic groups attenuated slightly over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Alfonso
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J I Martinsen
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - E Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Kjaerheim
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, BMC, Laeknagardur, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - E Lynge
- Nykøbing Falster Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Goodrich JM, Furlong MA, Caban-Martinez AJ, Jung AM, Batai K, Jenkins T, Beitel S, Littau S, Gulotta J, Wallentine D, Hughes J, Popp C, Calkins MM, Burgess JL. Differential DNA Methylation by Hispanic Ethnicity Among Firefighters in the United States. Epigenet Insights 2021; 14:25168657211006159. [PMID: 35036834 PMCID: PMC8756104 DOI: 10.1177/25168657211006159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Firefighters are exposed to a variety of environmental hazards and are at increased risk for multiple cancers. There is evidence that risks differ by ethnicity, yet the biological or environmental differences underlying these differences are not known. DNA methylation is one type of epigenetic regulation that is altered in cancers. In this pilot study, we profiled DNA methylation with the Infinium MethylationEPIC in blood leukocytes from 31 Hispanic white and 163 non-Hispanic white firefighters. We compared DNA methylation (1) at 12 xenobiotic metabolizing genes and (2) at all loci on the array (>740 000), adjusting for confounders. Five of the xenobiotic metabolizing genes were differentially methylated at a raw P-value <.05 when comparing the 2 ethnic groups, yet were not statistically significant at a 5% false discovery rate (q-value <.05). In the epigenome-wide analysis, 76 loci exhibited DNA methylation differences at q < .05. Among these, 3 CpG sites in the promoter region of the biotransformation gene SULT1C2 had lower methylation in Hispanic compared to non-Hispanic firefighters. Other differentially methylated loci included genes that have been implicated in carcinogenesis in published studies (FOXK2, GYLTL1B, ZBTB16, ARHGEF10, and more). In this pilot study, we report differential DNA methylation between Hispanic and non-Hispanic firefighters in xenobiotic metabolism genes and other genes with functions related to cancer. Epigenetic susceptibility by ethnicity merits further study as this may alter risk for cancers linked to toxic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Jaclyn M Goodrich, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Melissa A Furlong
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alberto J Caban-Martinez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alesia M Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ken Batai
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Timothy Jenkins
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Shawn Beitel
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sally Littau
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Jeff Hughes
- Orange County Fire Authority, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Miriam M Calkins
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
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14
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Parker ER. The influence of climate change on skin cancer incidence - A review of the evidence. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:17-27. [PMID: 33537393 PMCID: PMC7838246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is broadly affecting human health, with grave concern that continued warming of the earth's atmosphere will result is serious harm. Since the mid-20th century, skin cancer incidence rates have risen at an alarming rate worldwide. OBJECTIVE This review examines the relationship between climate change and cutaneous carcinogenesis. METHODS A literature review used the National Institutes of Health databases (PubMed and Medline), the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and International Agency for Research on Cancer registries, and published reports by federal and international agencies and consortia, including the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Climate and Clean Air Coalition, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United Nations Environment Programme, World Health Organization, and World Meteorological Organization. RESULTS Skin cancer risk is determined by multiple factors, with exposure to ultraviolet radiation being the most important. Strong circumstantial evidence supports the hypothesis that factors related to climate change, including stratospheric ozone depletion, global warming, and ambient air pollution, have likely contributed to the increasing incidence of cutaneous malignancy globally and will continue to impose a negative on influence skin cancer incidence for many decades to come. CONCLUSION Because much of the data are based on animal studies and computer simulations, establishing a direct and definitive link remains challenging. More epidemiologic studies are needed to prove causality in skin cancer, but the evidence for overall harm to human health as a direct result of climate change is clear. Global action to mitigate these negative impacts to humans and the environment is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rawlings Parker
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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15
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Koul A, Bansal MP, Aniqa A, Chaudhary H, Chugh NA. Lycopene enriched tomato extract suppresses chemically induced skin tumorigenesis in mice. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 90:493-513. [DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The present study revealed the effects of Lycopene enriched tomato extract (LycT) on chemically induced skin cancer in mice. Skin tumors were induced by topical application of 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) [500 nmol/100 ul of acetone, twice a week for two weeks] and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) [1.7 nmol/100 ul of acetone, twice a week for eighteen weeks] and LycT (5 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally. Male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups (n = 15 per group): control, DMBA/TPA, LycT and LycT + DMBA/TPA. The chemopreventive response of LycT to skin tumorigenesis was evident by inhibition in tumor incidence, number, size, burden and volume in LycT + DMBA/TPA group when compared to DMBA/TPA group. This was associated with inhibition of cell proliferation in LycT + DMBA/TPA group as observed by the decrease in epidermal morphometric parameters and mRNA and protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen when compared to DMBA/TPA group (p ≤ 0.05). LycT decreased (p ≤ 0.05) the mRNA and protein expression of angiogenic genes (vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-2, basic fibroblast growth factor) in LycT + DMBA/TPA group, suggesting its anti-angiogenic effects. The increase (p ≤ 0.05) in protein expression of connexin-32 and 43 in LycT + DMBA/TPA group suggests improved inter cellular communication when compared to DMBA/TPA group. Histochemical studies demonstrated that the components of extracellular matrix (fibrous proteins and mucopolysaccharides) were also modulated during skin carcinogenesis and its chemoprevention by LycT. The decrease in cell proliferation parameters and expression of angiogenesis associated genes, modulation of ECM components and increase in expression of connexins suggest that LycT improved multiple dysregulated processes during chemoprevention of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Koul
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Aniqa Aniqa
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harsh Chaudhary
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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16
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Influence of exposure dose, complex mixture, and ultraviolet radiation on skin absorption and bioactivation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ex vivo. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2165-2184. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Stenehjem JS, Babigumira R, Friesen MC, Grimsrud TK. Harmonizing work history data in epidemiologic studies with overlapping employment records. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:422-429. [PMID: 30919995 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work history data often require major data management including handling of overlapping jobs to avoid overestimating exposure before linkage to job-exposure matrices (JEMs) is possible. METHODS In a case-cohort study of 1825 male Norwegian offshore petroleum workers, 3979 jobs were reported (mean duration 2417 days/job; maximum 8 jobs/worker). Each job was assigned to one of 27 occupation categories. Overlapping jobs of the same category (1142 jobs) were collapsed and overlapping jobs of different categories (1013 jobs) were split. The resulting durations were weighted by a factor accounting for the number of overlapping jobs. RESULTS Collapsing overlapping jobs within the same category resulted in 3295 jobs (mean 2629 days/job). Splitting overlapping jobs of different categories increased the number to 4239 jobs (mean 2043 days/job), while the total duration in days dropped by 10%. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that overlapping employment data structures can be harmonized in a systematic and unbiased way, preparing work history data for linkage to several JEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Steinson Stenehjem
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of NorwayOslo Norway
- Department of BiostatisticsOslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of OsloOslo Norway
| | | | - Melissa C Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesda Maryland
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