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Yelkur P, Mohammed S, Narayan K. Congenital Contractures and Fractures: A Variant of Bruck Syndrome Type 2. Cureus 2024; 16:e61991. [PMID: 38983978 PMCID: PMC11231962 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Bruck syndrome, an exceptionally rare autosomal recessive disorder, manifests as bone fragility and congenital joint contractures. This syndrome is recognized as a fusion of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and osteogenesis imperfecta and is categorized into Types 1 and 2. Bruck syndrome Type 2 stems from a homozygous mutation in the PLOD2 gene and exhibits characteristics such as osteopenia, congenital contractures with pterygia, femoral bowing, club feet, postnatal shorty stature, severe limb deformity, and progressive scoliosis. In this report, we describe the case of an infant presenting with multiple joint contractures of the distal extremities, bilateral talipes equinovarus deformity, and a history of a right femur fracture at birth, managed through closed reduction and plaster of Paris. The current treatment regimen includes physiotherapy, wrist splinting for wrist extension and thumb abduction, and serial casting of both lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Yelkur
- Pediatrics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Syed Mohammed
- Pediatrics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Kishore Narayan
- Pediatrics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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2
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Shang L, Shi W, Xu Y, Nong T, Li X, Li Z, Liu Y, Li J, Tang YP, Zhu M, Xu H. A novel compound heterozygous variation in the FKBP10 gene causes Bruck syndrome without congenital contractures: A case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28680. [PMID: 38590901 PMCID: PMC11000012 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bruck syndrome (BS) is an extremely rare autosomal-recessive connective tissue disorder mainly characterized by bone fragility, congenital joint contracture, and spinal deformity. It is also considered as a rare form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) due to features of osteopenia and fragility fractures. Its two forms, BS1 and BS2, are caused by pathogenic variations in FKBP10 and PLOD2, respectively. Objective We aimed to improve the clinical understanding of BS by presenting a case from China and to identify the genetic variants that led to this case. Methods OI was suspected in a Chinese boy with a history of recurrent long bone fractures, lumbar kyphosis, and dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify pathogenic variations. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the results of the WES. In silico analysis was used to predict the pathogenicity of genetic variants. Results WES and Sanger sequencing revealed a compound heterozygous variation in the FKBP10 gene (NM_021939, c.23dupG in exon 1, and c.825dupC in exon 5). Both variants resulted in a frameshift and premature stop codon. Of these two variants, c.23dupG has not been previously reported. The patient's parents were heterozygous carriers of one variant. In addition, zoledronic acid treatment improved the vertebral deformity and bone mineral density (BMD) significantly in this patient. Conclusions A novel compound heterozygous variation of FKBP10, c.23dupG/c.825dupC, was identified in a patient with moderately severe OI. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with BS1 without congenital joint contractures or OI type XI. This study expands the spectrum of FKBP10 genetic variants that cause BS and OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Shang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhe Shi
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianying Nong
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingchun Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ping Tang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen Xu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Lee J, Guo HF, Wang S, Maghsoud Y, Vázquez-Montelongo EA, Jing Z, Sammons RM, Cho EJ, Ren P, Cisneros GA, Kurie JM, Dalby KN. Unleashing the Potential of 1,3-Diketone Analogues as Selective LH2 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1396-1403. [PMID: 37849534 PMCID: PMC10577891 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) catalyzes the formation of highly stable hydroxylysine aldehyde-derived collagen cross-links (HLCCs), thus promoting lung cancer metastasis through its capacity to modulate specific types of collagen cross-links within the tumor stroma. Using 1 and 2 from our previous high-throughput screening (HTS) as lead probes, we prepared a series of 1,3-diketone analogues, 1-18, and identified 12 and 13 that inhibit LH2 with IC50's of approximately 300 and 500 nM, respectively. Compounds 12 and 13 demonstrate selectivity for LH2 over LH1 and LH3. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) modeling indicates that the selectivity of 12 and 13 may stem from noncovalent interactions like hydrogen bonding between the morpholine/piperazine rings with the LH2-specific Arg661. Treatment of 344SQ WT cells with 13 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in their migration potential, whereas the compound did not impede the migration of the same cell line with an LH2 knockout (LH2KO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhoon Lee
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, College
of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hou-fu Guo
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Shike Wang
- Department
of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yazdan Maghsoud
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Erik Antonio Vázquez-Montelongo
- Department
of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Zhifeng Jing
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Rae M. Sammons
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, College
of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eun Jeong Cho
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, College
of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - G. Andrés Cisneros
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department
of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Kurie
- Department
of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, College
of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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4
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Maghsoud Y, Vázquez-Montelongo EA, Yang X, Liu C, Jing Z, Lee J, Harger M, Smith AK, Espinoza M, Guo HF, Kurie JM, Dalby KN, Ren P, Cisneros GA. Computational Investigation of a Series of Small Molecules as Potential Compounds for Lysyl Hydroxylase-2 (LH2) Inhibition. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:986-1001. [PMID: 36779232 PMCID: PMC10233724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic function of lysyl hydroxylase-2 (LH2), a member of the Fe(II)/αKG-dependent oxygenase superfamily, is to catalyze the hydroxylation of lysine to hydroxylysine in collagen, resulting in stable hydroxylysine aldehyde-derived collagen cross-links (HLCCs). Reports show that high amounts of LH2 lead to the accumulation of HLCCs, causing fibrosis and specific types of cancer metastasis. Some members of the Fe(II)/αKG-dependent family have also been reported to have intramolecular O2 tunnels, which aid in transporting one of the required cosubstrates into the active site. While LH2 can be a promising target to combat these diseases, efficacious inhibitors are still lacking. We have used computational simulations to investigate a series of 44 small molecules as lead compounds for LH2 inhibition. Tunneling analyses indicate the existence of several intramolecular tunnels. The lengths of the calculated O2-transporting tunnels in holoenzymes are relatively longer than those in the apoenzyme, suggesting that the ligands may affect the enzyme's structure and possibly block (at least partially) the tunnels. The sequence alignment analysis between LH enzymes from different organisms shows that all of the amino acid residues with the highest occurrence rate in the oxygen tunnels are conserved. Our results suggest that the enolate form of diketone compounds establishes stronger interactions with the Fe(II) in the active site. Branching the enolate compounds with functional groups such as phenyl and pyridinyl enhances the interaction with various residues around the active site. Our results provide information about possible leads for further LH2 inhibition design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Maghsoud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Erik Antonio Vázquez-Montelongo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chengwen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhifeng Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Juhoon Lee
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Matthew Harger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ally K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Miguel Espinoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Hou-Fu Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - G Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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5
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Sandy JL, Perez D, Goh S, Forsey J, Rajagopalan S, Trivedi A, Munns CF. Expanding the phenotype of Bruck syndrome: Severe limb deformity, arthrogryposis, congenital cardiac disease and pulmonary hemorrhage. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:265-270. [PMID: 36282022 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bruck syndrome is a rare collagen disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance caused by pathogenic variants in either FKBP10 or PLOD2 genes. It is characterized by bone fragility and fractures similar in severity and variability to osteogenesis-imperfecta as well as congenital joint contractures. This article describes an infant with a homozygous (partial) gene deletion of PLOD2 that includes the start codon and would be expected to lead to nonfunctional protein product. The infant had a severe phenotype of Bruck syndrome and is the only reported case of Bruck syndrome with congenital cardiac disease (triscuspid valve dysplasia with severe regurgitation, mitral valve prolapses with moderate regurgitation, and pulmonary hypertension) and pulmonary hemorrhage. We hypothesize that the additional feature of congenital cardiac disease in this case was due to the underlying defect in type I collagen, and that the pulmonary hemorrhage was multifactorial, with underlying vessel fragility, rib fractures, and high pulmonary pressures likely to be major contributing factors. Management was largely supportive with the use of bisphosphonates to assist in pain management. Care was complicated by comorbid cardiopulmonary compromise, limited evidence-base guiding care, and difficulties in discussing end-of-life care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Sandy
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darazel Perez
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuxiang Goh
- School of Women's and Children, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Children's Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Forsey
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sulekha Rajagopalan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amit Trivedi
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Children's Hospital Westmead clinical School, Queensland, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig F Munns
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Connally NJ, Nazeen S, Lee D, Shi H, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Chun S, Cotsapas C, Cassa CA, Sunyaev SR. The missing link between genetic association and regulatory function. eLife 2022; 11:74970. [PMID: 36515579 PMCID: PMC9842386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of most traits is highly polygenic and dominated by non-coding alleles. It is widely assumed that such alleles exert small regulatory effects on the expression of cis-linked genes. However, despite the availability of gene expression and epigenomic datasets, few variant-to-gene links have emerged. It is unclear whether these sparse results are due to limitations in available data and methods, or to deficiencies in the underlying assumed model. To better distinguish between these possibilities, we identified 220 gene-trait pairs in which protein-coding variants influence a complex trait or its Mendelian cognate. Despite the presence of expression quantitative trait loci near most GWAS associations, by applying a gene-based approach we found limited evidence that the baseline expression of trait-related genes explains GWAS associations, whether using colocalization methods (8% of genes implicated), transcription-wide association (2% of genes implicated), or a combination of regulatory annotations and distance (4% of genes implicated). These results contradict the hypothesis that most complex trait-associated variants coincide with homeostatic expression QTLs, suggesting that better models are needed. The field must confront this deficit and pursue this 'missing regulation.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Connally
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sumaiya Nazeen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | | | - Sung Chun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
| | - Christopher A Cassa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Shamil R Sunyaev
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
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7
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Dayasiri K, Jayaweera H. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in a child with congenital fractures: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:376. [PMID: 36258204 PMCID: PMC9579550 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bruck syndrome is an exceedingly rare form of osteogenesis imperfecta, inherited autosomal recessively and presenting with the concurrence of bone fragility and congenital contractures of large joints. The disease usually progresses relentlessly to result in recurrent fractures, short stature, severe kyphoscoliosis, and susceptibility to recurrent respiratory tract infections. Case presentation The index child was a male newborn to healthy, nonconsanguineous, Sinhalese parents. The child had multiple contractures involving all large joints with pterigium formation in addition to congenital fractures involving left humerus and ulna at birth. The phenotypic features in this child were highly suggestive of Bruck syndrome. Genetic counseling was offered to the parents, although specific genetic testing could not be undertaken due to lack of resources. Bone and skin biopsy were not performed since only palliative care was possible. Over the course, he developed recurrent severe chest infections due to poor muscle tone, weak cough reflex, and pooling of secretions. Unfortunately, he succumbed at the age of 7 months following severe pneumonia. Conclusion The association of arthrogryposis with osteogenesis imperfecta is extremely rare and known as Bruck syndrome. Early diagnosis during the antenatal period is helpful in genetic counseling, assessment of severity, and exploration of therapeutic options
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavinda Dayasiri
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Heshan Jayaweera
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Wu W, Kim JS, Bailey AO, Russell WK, Richards SJ, Chen T, Chen T, Chen Z, Liang B, Yamauchi M, Guo H. Comparative genomic and biochemical analyses identify a collagen galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase from Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16806. [PMID: 36207453 PMCID: PMC9546862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus share numerous homologous genes, including collagens and collagen-modifying enzymes. To explore this homology, we performed a genome-wide comparison between human and mimivirus using DELTA-BLAST (Domain Enhanced Lookup Time Accelerated BLAST) and identified 52 new putative mimiviral proteins that are homologous with human proteins. To gain functional insights into mimiviral proteins, their human protein homologs were organized into Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathways to build a functional network. Collagen and collagen-modifying enzymes form the largest subnetwork with most nodes. Further analysis of this subnetwork identified a putative collagen glycosyltransferase R699. Protein expression test suggested that R699 is highly expressed in Escherichia coli, unlike the human collagen-modifying enzymes. Enzymatic activity assay and mass spectrometric analyses showed that R699 catalyzes the glucosylation of galactosylhydroxylysine to glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine on collagen using uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose) but no other UDP-sugars as a sugar donor, suggesting R699 is a mimiviral collagen galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase (GGT). To facilitate further analysis of human and mimiviral homologous proteins, we presented an interactive and searchable genome-wide comparison website for quickly browsing human and Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus homologs, which is available at RRID Resource ID: SCR_022140 or https://guolab.shinyapps.io/app-mimivirus-publication/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Arvinas, LLC, 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeong Seon Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Aaron O Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen J Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tingfei Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zhenhang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Houfu Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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9
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High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals CXCR4 and IGF1 Behave Different Roles in Weightlessness Osteoporosis. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5719077. [PMID: 35479581 PMCID: PMC9038434 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5719077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed at screening the differential expression profiles of mRNA under weightlessness osteoporosis through high-throughput sequencing technology, as well as investigating the pathogenesis of weightlessness osteoporosis at the molecular level especially in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods The mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell line was divided into ground group and simulated microgravity (SMG) group. BMP-2 was used to induce osteogenic differentiation, and SMG group was placed into 2D-gyroscope to simulate weightless condition. Transcriptome sequencing was performed by Illumina technology, DEGs between ground and SMG group was conducted using the DEseq2 algorithm. Molecular functions and signaling pathways enriched by DEGs were then comprehensively analyzed via multiple bioinformatic approaches including but not limited to GO, KEGG, GSEA, and PPI analysis. Results A total of 263 DEGs were identified by comparing these 2 groups, including 186 upregulated genes and 77 downregulated genes. GO analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in osteoblasts, osteoclasts cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis; KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the TNF signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway; the enrichment results from Reactome database displayed that DEGs were mainly involved in the transcription of Hoxb3 gene, RUNX1 recruitment KMT2A gene, and activation of Hoxa2 chromatin signaling pathway. The four genes, IL6, CXCR4, IGF1, and PLOD2, were identified as hub genes for subsequent analysis. Conclusions This study elucidated the significance of 10 hub genes in the development of weightlessness osteoporosis. In addition, the results of this study provide a theoretical basis and novel ideas for the subsequent research of the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of weightlessness osteoporosis.
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10
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Otaify GA, Abdel-Hamid MS, Hassib NF, Elhossini RM, Abdel-Ghafar SF, Aglan MS. Bruck syndrome in 13 new patients: Identification of five novel FKBP10 and PLOD2 variants and further expansion of the phenotypic spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1815-1825. [PMID: 35278031 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bruck Syndrome (BS) is a very rare disorder characterized by osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) associated with congenital contractures and is caused by mutations in FKBP10 or PLOD2 genes. Herein, we describe 13 patients from 9 unrelated Egyptian families with BS. All patients had white sclerae, recurrent fractures, kyphoscoliosis and osteoporosis with variable degrees of severity. Large joint contractures were seen in 11 patients, one patient had contractures of small interphalangeal joints, and one patient had no contractures. Unusual findings noted in individual patients included microcephaly, dental malocclusion, enamel hypoplasia, unilateral congenital dislocation of knee joint, prominent tailbone, and myopathy. Nine different variants were identified in FKBP10 and PLOD2 including five novel ones. FKBP10 variants were found in six families (67%) while PLOD2 variants were identified in three families (33%). The four families, with two affected sibs each, showed inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic variability. In conclusion, we report five novel variants in FKBP10 and PLOD2 thus, expanding the mutational spectrum of BS. In addition, our results expand the phenotypic spectrum, describe newly associated orodental findings, and further illustrate the phenotypic overlap between OI and Bruck syndrome supporting the suggestion of considering BS as a variant of OI rather than a separate entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Otaify
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal F Hassib
- Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Elhossini
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif F Abdel-Ghafar
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Aglan
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Nozaki R, Kasamatsu A, Moss J, Uzawa K. Lysyl hydroxylase 2 deficiency promotes filopodia formation and fibroblast migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 587:146-152. [PMID: 34875533 PMCID: PMC10020999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) regulates intermolecular cross-linking of collagen molecules. Accumulation of LH2-modified collagen, which is highly stable and resistant to collagenase cleavage, is one cause of fibrosis. We previously demonstrated that conventional LH2 knockout mice showed embryonic lethality. Here we established LH2 conditional knockout mice using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre system. Morphological analysis of LH2-deficient fibroblasts by microscopy showed a dramatic increase in the number of filopodia, the finger-like cell surface projections that enable cell movement. The tips and leading edges of these filopodia exhibited up-regulated expression of Myosin-X (Myo10), a regulator of filopodial integrity. Wound healing assays demonstrated that migration of LH2-deficient cells was significantly faster than that of control cells. Gene expression profiling data also supported this phenotype. Together these findings indicate that LH2 deficiency may prevent fibrosis through decreased accumulation of LH2-cross-linked collagen, and that fibroblasts with faster migration contribute to enhanced wound healing activity. In conclusion, our cellular models provide evidence that LH2 deficiency plays a critical role in cell migration mediated through filopodia formation. Understanding the precise role of this phenotype in LH2-deficient cells may be helpful to define the pathogenesis of fibrosis. As such, detailed analyses of fibrosis and wound healing using LH2-deficient mouse models are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Nozaki
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
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12
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Beshay PE, Cortes-Medina MG, Menyhert MM, Song JW. The biophysics of cancer: emerging insights from micro- and nanoscale tools. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2100056. [PMID: 35156093 PMCID: PMC8827905 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and dynamic disease that is aberrant both biologically and physically. There is growing appreciation that physical abnormalities with both cancer cells and their microenvironment that span multiple length scales are important drivers for cancer growth and metastasis. The scope of this review is to highlight the key advancements in micro- and nano-scale tools for delineating the cause and consequences of the aberrant physical properties of tumors. We focus our review on three important physical aspects of cancer: 1) solid mechanical properties, 2) fluid mechanical properties, and 3) mechanical alterations to cancer cells. Beyond posing physical barriers to the delivery of cancer therapeutics, these properties are also known to influence numerous biological processes, including cancer cell invasion and migration leading to metastasis, and response and resistance to therapy. We comment on how micro- and nanoscale tools have transformed our fundamental understanding of the physical dynamics of cancer progression and their potential for bridging towards future applications at the interface of oncology and physical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Beshay
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Miles M. Menyhert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jonathan W. Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210,The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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13
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Wang RL, Ruan DD, Hu YN, Gan YM, Lin XF, Fang ZT, Liao LS, Tang FQ, He WB, Luo JW. Genetic Analysis and Functional Study of a Pedigree With Bruck Syndrome Caused by PLOD2 Variant. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:878172. [PMID: 35601416 PMCID: PMC9120662 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.878172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruck syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited osteogenesis imperfecta disease characterized by increased bone fragility and joint contracture. The pathogenic gene of type I BS is FKBPl0, whereas that of type II BS is PLOD2. No significant difference has been found in the clinical phenotype between the two types of BS. In this study, we performed genetic analysis of a BS pedigree caused by PLOD2 variant and studied the corresponding cellular function. METHODS Serum biochemistry, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D], osteocalcin, and 24-h urinary calcium levels of a family member with BS was assessed. The genes of the proband were analyzed by second-generation sequencing and exon capture techniques. Sanger sequencing was also performed for the suspected responsible variant of the family member. Wild- and variant-type lentivirus plasmids were constructed by gene cloning and transfected into HEK293T cells. Cell function was verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence detection. RESULTS In this pedigree, the proband was found to have a homozygous variant c.1856G > A (p.Arg619His) in exon 17 of PLOD2 (NM_182943.3). His consanguineous parents and sisters were p.Arg619His heterozygous carriers. The mRNA expression of PLOD2 in the constructed p.Arg619His variant cells was significantly upregulated, while the expression of PLOD2 and collagen I protein in the cell lysate was significantly downregulated. Immunofluorescence revealed that the wild-type PLOD2 was mainly located in the cytoplasm, and the expression of the PLOD2 protein after c.1856G > A variant was significantly downregulated, with almost no expression, aligning with the western blot results. The serum sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, PTH, 25-(OH) D, osteocalcin, and 24 h urinary calcium levels of the proband, his parents, and sisters were normal. CONCLUSION Through gene and cell function analyses, PLOD2 Arg619His missense variant was preliminarily confirmed to cause BS by reducing protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Li Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Trauma Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Ruan
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Hu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Mian Gan
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Fu Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Ting Fang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Intervention, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Sheng Liao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fa-Qiang Tang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wu-Bing He
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Trauma Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie-Wei Luo
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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14
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Hasan MA, Hakim FT, Islam Shovon MT, Islam MM, Islam MS, Islam MA. The investigation of nonsynonymous SNPs of human SLC6A4 gene associated with depression: An in silico approach. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07815. [PMID: 34466701 PMCID: PMC8384904 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene is associated with several behavioral disorders, including depression. Since studying the total nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of the SLC6A4 gene at the population level is a difficult task, we aim to utilize in silico approach to detect the most deleterious nsSNPs of the SLC6A4 gene. In our study, 7 computational tools were used in the initial stage, including SIFT, Polyphen-2, PROVEAN, SNAP2, PhD-SNP, PANTHER, and SNPs&GO to find out the most damaging nsSNPs. In the second phase, we performed structural, functional, and stability analysis of SLC6A4 protein by popular computation tools, including I-Mutant 2.0 and MutPred2. Also, the ConSurf server was utilized to find the conserved region of the SLC6A4 protein to determine the relationship between these conserved regions with high-risk nsSNPs. Based on these analyses, 5 high-risk mutations of the SLC6A4 protein were selected. Then, we carried out comparative modeling by using the Robetta server and aligned the mutant protein model with the native protein structure. Later, we performed the post-translational modification and functional domain analysis of the SLC6A4 protein. This study concludes that Arginine → Tryptophan at position 79 and Arginine → Cysteine at position 104 are the two significant mutations in SLC6A4 protein which might play an essential role in causing diseases. Future studies should take these high-risk nsSNPs (rs1221448303, rs200953188) into consideration while exploring diseases related to the SLC6A4 gene. Besides, our research is the first-ever comprehensive in silico investigation of the SLC6A4 gene. Thus, the findings of this study could be beneficial for developing precision medicines against diseases caused by SLC6A4 malfunction. Furthermore, extensive wet-lab research and experiments on various model organisms might be helpful to investigate the precise role of these damaging nsSNPs of the SLC6A4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Amit Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Fuad Taufiqul Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanjil Islam Shovon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mirajul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Samiul Islam
- RT-PCR Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur-5403, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asadul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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15
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Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disease characterised by altered bone tissue material properties together with abnormal micro and macro-architecture and thus bone fragility, increased bone turnover and hyperosteocytosis. Increasingly appreciated are the soft tissue changes, sarcopenia in particular. Approaches to treatment are now multidisciplinary, with bisphosphonates having been the primary pharmacological intervention over the last 20 years. Whilst meta-analyses suggest that anti-fracture efficacy across the life course is equivocal, there is good evidence that for children bisphosphonates reduce fracture risk, increase vertebral size and improve vertebral shape, as well as improving motor function and mobility. The genetics of OI continues to provide insights into the molecular pathogenesis of the disease, although the pathophysiology is less clear. The complexity of the multi-scale interactions of bone tissue with cellular function are gradually being disentangled, but the fundamental question of why increased tissue brittleness should be associated with so many other changes is unclear; ER stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, accelerated senesence and altered matrix component release might all contribute, but a unifying hypothesis remains elusive. New approaches to therapy are focussed on increasing bone mass, following the paradigm established by the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. For adults, this brings the prospect of restoring previously lost bone - for children, particularly at the severe end of the spectrum, the possibility of further reducing fracture frequency and possibly altering growth and long term function are attractive. The alternatives that might affect tissue brittleness are autophagy enhancement (through the removal of abnormal type I collagen aggregates) and stem cell transplantation - both still at the preclinical stage of assessment. Preclinical assessment is not supportive of targeting inflammatory pathways, although understanding why TGFb signalling is increased, and whether that presents a treatment target in OI, remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Arshad
- Academic Unit of Child Health, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - Nick Bishop
- Academic Unit of Child Health, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK.
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16
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Becker J, Schwoch S, Zelent C, Sitte M, Salinas G, Wilting J. Transcriptome Analysis of Hypoxic Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Indicates Their Potential to Contribute to Extracellular Matrix Rearrangement. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051008. [PMID: 33923324 PMCID: PMC8145299 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema (LE) affects millions of people worldwide. It is a chronic progressive disease with massive development of fibrosclerosis when untreated. There is no pharmacological treatment of lymphedema. The disease is associated with swelling of the interstitium of the affected organ, mostly arm or leg, impressive development of adipose tissue, fibrosis and sclerosis with accumulation of huge amounts of collagen, and Papillomatosis cutis. Malnutrition and reduced oxygenation of the affected tissues is a hallmark of lymphedema. Here, we investigated if the hypoxia of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) might contribute to fibrosis. We applied RNASeq and qPCR to study the concordant changes of the exome of three human foreskin-derived LEC isolates after 4 days of hypoxia (1% O2) vs. normoxia (21% O2). Of the approximately 16,000 genes expressed in LECs, 162 (1%) were up- or down-regulated by hypoxia. Of these, 21 genes have important functions in the production or modification of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition to the down-regulation of elastin, we found up-regulation of druggable enzymes and regulators such as the long non-coding RNA H19, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain family member 5 (ITIH5), lysyl-oxidase (LOX), prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1), procollagen-lysine 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2), and others that are discussed in the paper. Initial lymphatics do not produce a continuous basement membrane; however, our study shows that hypoxic LECs have an unexpectedly high ability to alter the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Becker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Sonja Schwoch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Christina Zelent
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Maren Sitte
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.S.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Guo HF, Bota-Rabassedas N, Terajima M, Leticia Rodriguez B, Gibbons DL, Chen Y, Banerjee P, Tsai CL, Tan X, Liu X, Yu J, Tokmina-Roszyk M, Stawikowska R, Fields GB, Miller MD, Wang X, Lee J, Dalby KN, Creighton CJ, Phillips GN, Tainer JA, Yamauchi M, Kurie JM. A collagen glucosyltransferase drives lung adenocarcinoma progression in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:482. [PMID: 33875777 PMCID: PMC8055892 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are a major source of enzymes that modify collagen to create a stiff, fibrotic tumor stroma. High collagen lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) expression promotes metastasis and is correlated with shorter survival in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and other tumor types. LH2 hydroxylates lysine (Lys) residues on fibrillar collagen's amino- and carboxy-terminal telopeptides to create stable collagen cross-links. Here, we show that electrostatic interactions between the LH domain active site and collagen determine the unique telopeptidyl lysyl hydroxylase (tLH) activity of LH2. However, CRISPR/Cas-9-mediated inactivation of tLH activity does not fully recapitulate the inhibitory effect of LH2 knock out on LUAD growth and metastasis in mice, suggesting that LH2 drives LUAD progression, in part, through a tLH-independent mechanism. Protein homology modeling and biochemical studies identify an LH2 isoform (LH2b) that has previously undetected collagen galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase (GGT) activity determined by a loop that enhances UDP-glucose-binding in the GLT active site and is encoded by alternatively spliced exon 13 A. CRISPR/Cas-9-mediated deletion of exon 13 A sharply reduces the growth and metastasis of LH2b-expressing LUADs in mice. These findings identify a previously unrecognized collagen GGT activity that drives LUAD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Fu Guo
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neus Bota-Rabassedas
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B Leticia Rodriguez
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyam Banerjee
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chi-Lin Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaochao Tan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michal Tokmina-Roszyk
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Roma Stawikowska
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juhoon Lee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George N Phillips
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Kehayova YS, Watson E, Wilkinson JM, Loughlin J, Rice SJ. Genetic and Epigenetic Interplay Within a COLGALT2 Enhancer Associated With Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1856-1865. [PMID: 33760386 DOI: 10.1002/art.41738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The osteoarthritis (OA)-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11583641 is located in COLGALT2, encoding a posttranslational modifier of collagen. In cartilage, the SNP genotype correlates with DNA methylation in a putative enhancer. This study was undertaken to characterize the mechanistic relationship between rs11583641, the putative enhancer, and COLGALT2 expression using cartilage samples from human patients and a chondrocyte cell model. METHODS Nucleic acids were extracted from articular cartilage samples obtained from patients with OA (n = 137). Samples were genotyped, and DNA methylation was quantified at 12 CpGs using pyrosequencing. The putative enhancer was deleted in Tc28a2 chondrocytes using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9, and the impact on nearby gene expression was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Targeted modulation of the epigenome using catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) constructs fused to DNA methyltransferase 3a or ten-eleven translocase 1 allowed for the investigation of a causal relationship between DNA methylation and enhancer activity. RESULTS The genotype at rs11583641 correlated with DNA methylation at 3 CpGs, and the presence of the OA risk allele, C, corresponded to reduced levels of methylation. Deletion of the enhancer resulted in a 2.7-fold reduction in COLGALT2 expression. Targeted methylation and demethylation of the CpGs had antagonistic effects on COLGALT2 expression. An allelic imbalance in the expression of COLGALT2 was identified in the cartilage from patients with OA, with relative overexpression of the OA risk allele. Allelic expression ratios correlated with DNA methylation at 4 CpGs. CONCLUSION COLGALT2 is a target of OA genetic risk at this locus. The genotype at rs11583641 impacts DNA methylation in a gene enhancer, which, in turn, modulates COLGALT2 expression. COLGALT2 encodes an enzyme that initiates posttranslational glycosylation of collagens and is therefore a compelling OA susceptibility target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia S Kehayova
- International Centre for Life and Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK, and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing and University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emily Watson
- International Centre for Life and Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK, and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing and University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Mark Wilkinson
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing and University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John Loughlin
- International Centre for Life and Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK, and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing and University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah J Rice
- International Centre for Life and Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK, and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing and University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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19
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El-Gazzar A, Högler W. Mechanisms of Bone Fragility: From Osteogenesis Imperfecta to Secondary Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020625. [PMID: 33435159 PMCID: PMC7826666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone material strength is determined by several factors, such as bone mass, matrix composition, mineralization, architecture and shape. From a clinical perspective, bone fragility is classified as primary (i.e., genetic and rare) or secondary (i.e., acquired and common) osteoporosis. Understanding the mechanism of rare genetic bone fragility disorders not only advances medical knowledge on rare diseases, it may open doors for drug development for more common disorders (i.e., postmenopausal osteoporosis). In this review, we highlight the main disease mechanisms underlying the development of human bone fragility associated with low bone mass known to date. The pathways we focus on are type I collagen processing, WNT-signaling, TGF-ß signaling, the RANKL-RANK system and the osteocyte mechanosensing pathway. We demonstrate how the discovery of most of these pathways has led to targeted, pathway-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)5-7680-84-22001; Fax: +43-(0)5-7680-84-22004
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20
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Gistelinck C, Weis M, Rai J, Schwarze U, Niyazov D, Song KM, Byers PH, Eyre DR. Abnormal Bone Collagen Cross-Linking in Osteogenesis Imperfecta/Bruck Syndrome Caused by Compound Heterozygous PLOD2 Mutations. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10454. [PMID: 33778323 PMCID: PMC7990156 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruck syndrome (BS) is a congenital disorder characterized by joint flexion contractures, skeletal dysplasia, and increased bone fragility, which overlaps clinically with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). On a genetic level, BS is caused by biallelic mutations in either FKBP10 or PLOD2. PLOD2 encodes the lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) enzyme, which is responsible for the hydroxylation of cross‐linking lysine residues in fibrillar collagen telopeptide domains. This modification enables collagen to form chemically stable (permanent) intermolecular cross‐links in the extracellular matrix. Normal bone collagen develops a unique mix of such stable and labile lysyl‐oxidase–mediated cross‐links, which contribute to bone strength, resistance to microdamage, and crack propagation, as well as the ordered deposition of mineral nanocrystals within the fibrillar collagen matrix. Bone from patients with BS caused by biallelic FKBP10 mutations has been shown to have abnormal collagen cross‐linking; however, to date, no direct studies of human bone from BS caused by PLOD2 mutations have been reported. Here the results from a study of a 4‐year‐old boy with BS caused by compound heterozygous mutations in PLOD2 are discussed. Diminished hydroxylation of type I collagen telopeptide lysines but normal hydroxylation at triple‐helical sites was found. Consequently, stable trivalent cross‐links were essentially absent. Instead, allysine aldol dimeric cross‐links dominated as in normal skin collagen. Furthermore, in contrast to the patient's bone collagen, telopeptide lysines in cartilage type II collagen cross‐linked peptides from the patient's urine were normally hydroxylated. These findings shed light on the complex mechanisms that control the unique posttranslational chemistry and cross‐linking of bone collagen, and how, when defective, they can cause brittle bones and related connective tissue problems. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gistelinck
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Jyoti Rai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Ulrike Schwarze
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Dmitriy Niyazov
- Department of Pediatrics Ochsner Hospital for Children New Orleans LA
| | - Kit M Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA Health Los Angeles CA
| | - Peter H Byers
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Medical Genetics) University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA
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21
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Salo AM, Myllyharju J. Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases in collagen synthesis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:38-49. [PMID: 32969070 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Collagens are the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix. They provide a framework to build organs and tissues and give structural support to make them resistant to mechanical load and forces. Several intra- and extracellular modifications are needed to make functional collagen molecules, intracellular post-translational modifications of proline and lysine residues having key roles in this. In this article, we provide a review on the enzymes responsible for the proline and lysine modifications, that is collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases, 3-hydroxylases and lysyl hydroxylases, and discuss their biological functions and involvement in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti M Salo
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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22
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Brecker M, Khakhina S, Schubert TJ, Thompson Z, Rubenstein RC. The Probable, Possible, and Novel Functions of ERp29. Front Physiol 2020; 11:574339. [PMID: 33013490 PMCID: PMC7506106 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.574339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The luminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein of 29 kDa (ERp29) is a ubiquitously expressed cellular agent with multiple critical roles. ERp29 regulates the biosynthesis and trafficking of several transmembrane and secretory proteins, including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), thyroglobulin, connexin 43 hemichannels, and proinsulin. ERp29 is hypothesized to promote ER to cis-Golgi cargo protein transport via COP II machinery through its interactions with the KDEL receptor; this interaction may facilitate the loading of ERp29 clients into COP II vesicles. ERp29 also plays a role in ER stress (ERS) and the unfolded protein response (UPR) and is implicated in oncogenesis. Here, we review the vast array of ERp29’s clients, its role as an ER to Golgi escort protein, and further suggest ERp29 as a potential target for therapies related to diseases of protein misfolding and mistrafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Brecker
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Svetlana Khakhina
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tyler J. Schubert
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zachary Thompson
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ronald C. Rubenstein
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Ronald C. Rubenstein, ;
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Abstract
Background: Bruck syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition that presents with many of the symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta. In addition to defective type I collagen, manifesting as bone fragility, osteoporosis, and blue sclera, Bruck syndrome is additionally characterized by arthrogryposis with pterygia. Joint contractures are frequently bilateral and severe. Case Report: We report the medical record and radiographic data for 2 siblings with Bruck syndrome type 2—a male (age 6 years) and a female (age 5 years)—born to nonaffected parents. The male has experienced more than 45 fractures, developed severe scoliosis, and has debilitating flexion contractures. The female has minimal flexion contractures, a history of 15 fractures, and severe scoliosis. Conclusion: The dramatic difference between the phenotypes of these 2 cases is significant because it is the largest known variability of phenotypic presentation in siblings. Previous cases of siblings with differing presentations at birth have been reported, but the extent of these differences is not as extreme as in our cases. Because Bruck syndrome presents similarly to osteogenesis imperfecta and could be clinically mistaken for a form of osteogenesis imperfecta if contractures are minimal, a reasonable focus for research efforts is the development of genetic diagnostic protocols for osteogenesis imperfecta with the goal of ruling out Bruck syndrome.
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24
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Zhytnik L, Simm K, Salumets A, Peters M, Märtson A, Maasalu K. Reproductive options for families at risk of Osteogenesis Imperfecta: a review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:128. [PMID: 32460820 PMCID: PMC7251694 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder involving bone fragility. OI patients typically suffer from numerous fractures, skeletal deformities, shortness of stature and hearing loss. The disorder is characterised by genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Pathogenic variants in more than 20 different genes can lead to OI, and phenotypes can range from mild to lethal forms. As a genetic disorder which undoubtedly affects quality of life, OI significantly alters the reproductive confidence of families at risk. The current review describes a selection of the latest reproductive approaches which may be suitable for prospective parents faced with a risk of OI. The aim of the review is to alleviate suffering in relation to family planning around OI, by enabling prospective parents to make informed and independent decisions. Main body The current review provides a comprehensive overview of possible reproductive options for people with OI and for unaffected carriers of OI pathogenic genetic variants. The review considers reproductive options across all phases of family planning, including pre-pregnancy, fertilisation, pregnancy, and post-pregnancy. Special attention is given to the more modern techniques of assisted reproduction, such as preconception carrier screening, preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases and non-invasive prenatal testing. The review outlines the methodologies of the different reproductive approaches available to OI families and highlights their advantages and disadvantages. These are presented as a decision tree, which takes into account the autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive nature of the OI variants, and the OI-related risks of people without OI. The complex process of decision-making around OI reproductive options is also discussed from an ethical perspective. Conclusion The rapid development of molecular techniques has led to the availability of a wide variety of reproductive options for prospective parents faced with a risk of OI. However, such options may raise ethical concerns in terms of methodologies, choice management and good clinical practice in reproductive care, which are yet to be fully addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiia Zhytnik
- Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kadri Simm
- Institute of Philosophy and Semiotics, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Ethics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,COMBIVET ERA Chair, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Peters
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aare Märtson
- Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katre Maasalu
- Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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25
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Guillemyn B, Kayserili H, Demuynck L, Sips P, De Paepe A, Syx D, Coucke PJ, Malfait F, Symoens S. A homozygous pathogenic missense variant broadens the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of CREB3L1-related osteogenesis imperfecta. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1801-1809. [PMID: 30657919 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein 3-like 1 (CREB3L1) gene codes for the endoplasmic reticulum stress transducer old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS), which has an important role in osteoblast differentiation during bone development. Deficiency of OASIS is linked to a severe form of autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), but only few patients have been reported. We identified the first homozygous pathogenic missense variant [p.(Ala304Val)] in a patient with lethal OI, which is located within the highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain, four amino acids upstream of the DNA binding domain. In vitro structural modeling and luciferase assays demonstrate that this missense variant affects a critical residue in this functional domain, thereby decreasing the type I collagen transcriptional binding ability. In addition, overexpression of the mutant OASIS protein leads to decreased transcription of the SEC23A and SEC24D genes, which code for components of the coat protein complex type II (COPII), and aberrant OASIS signaling also results in decreased protein levels of SEC24D. Our findings therefore provide additional proof of the potential involvement of the COPII secretory complex in the context of bone-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Guillemyn
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- KOÇUniversity School of Medicine (KUSoM) Medical Genetics Department, Topkapi Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lynn Demuynck
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sips
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Mumm S, Gottesman GS, Wenkert D, Campeau PM, Nenninger A, Huskey M, Bijanki VN, Veis DJ, Barnes AM, Marini JC, Stolina M, Zhang F, McAlister WH, Whyte MP. Bruck syndrome 2 variant lacking congenital contractures and involving a novel compound heterozygous PLOD2 mutation. Bone 2020; 130:115047. [PMID: 31472299 PMCID: PMC6945817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bruck syndrome (BRKS) is the rare disorder that features congenital joint contractures often with pterygia and subsequent fractures, also known as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type XI (OMIM # 610968). Its two forms, BRKS1 (OMIM # 259450) and BRKS2 (OMIM # 609220), reflect autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance of FKBP10 and PLOD2 loss-of-function mutations, respectively. A 10-year-old girl was referred with blue sclera, osteopenia, poorly-healing fragility fractures, Wormian skull bones, cleft soft palate, congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae, progressive scoliosis, bell-shaped thorax, restrictive and reactive pulmonary disease, protrusio acetabuli, short stature, and additional dysmorphic features without joint contractures. Iliac crest biopsy after alendronate treatment that improved her bone density revealed low trabecular connectivity, abundant patchy osteoid, and active bone formation with widely-spaced tetracycline labels. Chromosome 22q11 deletion analysis for velocardiofacial syndrome, COL1A1 and COL1A2 sequencing for prevalent types of OI, and Sanger sequencing of LRP5, PPIB, FKBP10, and IFITM5 for rare pediatric osteoporoses were negative. Copy number microarray excluded a contiguous gene syndrome. Instead, exome sequencing revealed two missense variants in PLOD2 which encodes procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (lysyl hydroxylase 2, LH2); exon 8, c.797G>T, p.Gly266Val (paternal), and exon 12, c.1280A>G, p.Asn427Ser (maternal). In the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) database, low frequency (Gly266Val, 0.0000419) and absence (Asn427Ser) implicated both variants as mutations of PLOD2. The father, mother, and sister (who carried the exon 12 defect) were reportedly well with normal parental DXA findings. BRKS2, characterized by under-hydroxylation of type I collagen telopeptides compromising their crosslinking, has been reported in at least 16 probands/families. Most PLOD2 mutations involve exons 17-19 (of 20 total) encoding the C-terminal domain with LH activity. However, truncating defects (nonsense, frameshift, splice site mutations) are also found throughout PLOD2. In three reports, AR PLOD2 mutations are not associated with congenital contractures. Our patient's missense defects lie within the central domain of unknown function of PLOD2. In our patient, compound heterozygosity with PLOD2 mutations is associated with a clinical phenotype distinctive from classic BRKS2 indicating that when COL1A1 and COL1A2 mutation testing is negative for OI without congenital contractures or pterygia, atypical BRKS should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Mumm
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Gary S Gottesman
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Deborah Wenkert
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Angela Nenninger
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Margaret Huskey
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Vinieth N Bijanki
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Deborah J Veis
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Aileen M Barnes
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Joan C Marini
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Marina Stolina
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - William H McAlister
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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27
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Baig MMFA, Zhang QW, Younis MR, Xia XH. A DNA Nanodevice Simultaneously Activating the EGFR and Integrin for Enhancing Cytoskeletal Activity and Cancer Cell Treatment. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7503-7513. [PMID: 31515999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface receptors (e.g., EGFR and integrin) and their interactions play determining roles in signal transduction and cytoskeletal activation, which affect cell attachment/detachment, invasion, motility, metastasis (intracellular), and cell-cell signaling. For instance, the interactions between the EGFR and integrin (α6β4) may cause increased mechanical force and shear stress via enhanced cytoskeleton activation. Here, we design a DNA nanodevice (DNA-ND) that can simultaneously target the EGFR and integrin receptors on the caveolae. The piconewton (pN) forces in response to the EGFR-integrin coactivation can be sensed upon the unfolding of the DNA hairpin structure on the side arm of the device via changes of the fluorescence and plasmonic signals. We find that simultaneous activation of EGFR-integrin receptors causes enhanced signal transduction, contractions of the cells, and initiation of the biochemical pathways, thus resulting in a change of the cell division and endocytosis/exocytosis processes that affect the cell proliferation/apoptosis. The DNA-ND further enables us to visualize the cointernalization and degradation of the receptors by lysosomes, providing a novel approach toward bioimaging and mechano-pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qian-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Younis
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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28
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Besio R, Chow CW, Tonelli F, Marini JC, Forlino A. Bone biology: insights from osteogenesis imperfecta and related rare fragility syndromes. FEBS J 2019; 286:3033-3056. [PMID: 31220415 PMCID: PMC7384889 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The limited accessibility of bone and its mineralized nature have restricted deep investigation of its biology. Recent breakthroughs in identification of mutant proteins affecting bone tissue homeostasis in rare skeletal diseases have revealed novel pathways involved in skeletal development and maintenance. The characterization of new dominant, recessive and X-linked forms of the rare brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and other OI-related bone fragility disorders was a key player in this advance. The development of in vitro models for these diseases along with the generation and characterization of murine and zebrafish models contributed to dissecting previously unknown pathways. Here, we describe the most recent advances in the understanding of processes involved in abnormal bone mineralization, collagen processing and osteoblast function, as illustrated by the characterization of new causative genes for OI and OI-related fragility syndromes. The coordinated role of the integral membrane protein BRIL and of the secreted protein PEDF in modulating bone mineralization as well as the function and cross-talk of the collagen-specific chaperones HSP47 and FKBP65 in collagen processing and secretion are discussed. We address the significance of WNT ligand, the importance of maintaining endoplasmic reticulum membrane potential and of regulating intramembrane proteolysis in osteoblast homeostasis. Moreover, we also examine the relevance of the cytoskeletal protein plastin-3 and of the nucleotidyltransferase FAM46A. Thanks to these advances, new targets for the development of novel therapies for currently incurable rare bone diseases have been and, likely, will be identified, supporting the important role of basic science for translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Besio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chi-Wing Chow
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joan C Marini
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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29
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Orthopedic Manifestations of Bruck Syndrome: A Case Series with Intermediate to Long-term Follow-Up. Case Rep Orthop 2019; 2019:8014038. [PMID: 31001443 PMCID: PMC6436336 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8014038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of contractures, fractures, and deformities in four patients with Bruck syndrome treated in our facility. Data were collected from medical records, radiographs, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, genetic tests, and gait analysis. All had contractures at birth and genotypic findings including mutations in PLOD2 or FPKB10. Three cases were treated with bisphosphonates with improvement in bone density verified by DEXA. In Bruck syndrome, orthopedic deformities include the following sequential aspects: contractures, characterized by upper and lower extremity contractures such as clubfeet; fractures, characterized by multiple diaphyseal fractures in the long bones of the extremities; and deformities, characterized by malalignment of extremities and the spine. Physical therapy and bracing proved helpful for the contractures to try to stop progression. Bone fragility needs to be considered when deciding to attempt cast correction. Surgeries in the soft tissues can be performed to retain joint movement. In fractures with angulation, intramedullary nail fixation was useful, and in cases without deformity, casting alone was successful. We suggest monitoring the bone density with DEXA, nutrition support with vitamin D and calcium, and treatment with bisphosphonates. Spine deformities were successfully treated by spinal fusion and instrumentation.
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30
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Abstract
Collagens represent a large family of structurally related proteins containing a unique triple-helical structure. Among them, the fibril-forming collagens are the most abundant in vertebrates providing tissues with form and stability. One of the characteristics of the fibrillar collagens is its sequential posttranslational modifications of specific lysine residues that have major effects on molecular assembly and stability of the fibrils in the extracellular space. Hydroxylation of lysine residues is the first modification catalyzed by lysyl hydroxylases, and is critical for the following glycosylation and in determining the fate of covalent cross-linking. This chapter presents an overview of lysine hydroxylation and cross-linking of collagen, and the analytical methods we have developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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31
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Mäkitie RE, Costantini A, Kämpe A, Alm JJ, Mäkitie O. New Insights Into Monogenic Causes of Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:70. [PMID: 30858824 PMCID: PMC6397842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by deteriorated bone microarchitecture and low bone mineral density, is a chronic skeletal disease with high worldwide prevalence. Osteoporosis related to aging is the most common form and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Rare, monogenic forms of osteoporosis have their onset usually in childhood or young adulthood and have specific phenotypic features and clinical course depending on the underlying cause. The most common form is osteogenesis imperfecta linked to mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2, the two genes encoding type I collagen. However, in the past years, remarkable advancements in bone research have expanded our understanding of the intricacies behind bone metabolism and identified novel molecular mechanisms contributing to skeletal health and disease. Especially high-throughput sequencing techniques have made family-based studies an efficient way to identify single genes causative of rare monogenic forms of osteoporosis and these have yielded several novel genes that encode proteins partaking in type I collagen modification or regulating bone cell function directly. New forms of monogenic osteoporosis, such as autosomal dominant osteoporosis caused by WNT1 mutations or X-linked osteoporosis due to PLS3 mutations, have revealed previously unidentified bone-regulating proteins and clarified specific roles of bone cells, expanded our understanding of possible inheritance mechanisms and paces of disease progression, and highlighted the potential of monogenic bone diseases to extend beyond the skeletal tissue. The novel gene discoveries have introduced new challenges to the classification and diagnosis of monogenic osteoporosis, but also provided promising new molecular targets for development of pharmacotherapies. In this article we give an overview of the recent discoveries in the area of monogenic forms of osteoporosis, describing the key cellular mechanisms leading to skeletal fragility, the major recent research findings and the essential challenges and avenues in future diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Kämpe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica J. Alm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Outi Mäkitie
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Morello R. Osteogenesis imperfecta and therapeutics. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:294-312. [PMID: 29540309 PMCID: PMC6133774 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta, or brittle bone disease, is a congenital disease that primarily causes low bone mass and bone fractures but it can negatively affect other organs. It is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, although rarer recessive and X-chromosome-linked forms of the disease have been identified. In addition to type I collagen, mutations in a number of other genes, often involved in type I collagen synthesis or in the differentiation and function of osteoblasts, have been identified in the last several years. Seldom, the study of a rare disease has delivered such a wealth of new information that have helped our understanding of multiple processes involved in collagen synthesis and bone formation. In this short review I will describe the clinical features and the molecular genetics of the disease, but then focus on how OI dysregulates all aspects of extracellular matrix biology. I will conclude with a discussion about OI therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Morello
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Orthopaedic Surgery, and Division of Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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Maghami F, Tabei SMB, Moravej H, Dastsooz H, Modarresi F, Silawi M, Faghihi MA. Splicing defect in FKBP10 gene causes autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta disease: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:86. [PMID: 29801479 PMCID: PMC5970456 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of connective tissue disorder caused by mutations of genes involved in the production of collagen and its supporting proteins. Although the majority of reported OI variants are in COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, recent reports have shown problems in other non-collagenous genes involved in the post translational modifications, folding and transport, transcription and proliferation of osteoblasts, bone mineralization, and cell signaling. Up to now, 17 types of OI have been reported in which types I to IV are the most frequent cases with autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Case Presentation Here we report an 8- year- old boy with OI who has had multiple fractures since birth and now he is wheelchair-dependent. To identify genetic cause of OI in our patient, whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out and it revealed a novel deleterious homozygote splice acceptor site mutation (c.1257-2A > G, IVS7-2A > G) in FKBP10 gene in the patient. Then, the identified mutation was confirmed using Sanger sequencing in the proband as homozygous and in his parents as heterozygous, indicating its autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. In addition, we performed RT-PCR on RNA transcripts originated from skin fibroblast of the proband to analyze the functional effect of the mutation on splicing pattern of FKBP10 gene and it showed skipping of the exon 8 of this gene. Moreover, Real-Time PCR was carried out to quantify the expression level of FKBP10 in the proband and his family members in which it revealed nearly the full decrease in the level of FKBP10 expression in the proband and around 75% decrease in its level in the carriers of the mutation, strongly suggesting the pathogenicity of the mutation. Conclusions Our study identified, for the first time, a private pathogenic splice site mutation in FKBP10 gene and further prove the involvement of this gene in the rare cases of autosomal recessive OI type XI with distinguished clinical manifestations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0579-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Maghami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Moravej
- Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Dastsooz
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Dr. Faghihi's Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Modarresi
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB 508, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Mohammad Silawi
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Dr. Faghihi's Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Dr. Faghihi's Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz, Iran. .,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB 508, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Arseni L, Lombardi A, Orioli D. From Structure to Phenotype: Impact of Collagen Alterations on Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051407. [PMID: 29738498 PMCID: PMC5983607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous structure that plays multiple roles in living organisms. Its integrity and homeostasis are crucial for normal tissue development and organ physiology. Loss or alteration of ECM components turns towards a disease outcome. In this review, we provide a general overview of ECM components with a special focus on collagens, the most abundant and diverse ECM molecules. We discuss the different functions of the ECM including its impact on cell proliferation, migration and differentiation by highlighting the relevance of the bidirectional cross-talk between the matrix and surrounding cells. By systematically reviewing all the hereditary disorders associated to altered collagen structure or resulting in excessive collagen degradation, we point to the functional relevance of the collagen and therefore of the ECM elements for human health. Moreover, the large overlapping spectrum of clinical features of the collagen-related disorders makes in some cases the patient clinical diagnosis very difficult. A better understanding of ECM complexity and molecular mechanisms regulating the expression and functions of the various ECM elements will be fundamental to fully recognize the different clinical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Arseni
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anita Lombardi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Donata Orioli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W. Root
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medicine – All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
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36
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Leal GF, Nishimura G, Voss U, Bertola DR, Åström E, Svensson J, Yamamoto GL, Hammarsjö A, Horemuzova E, Papadiogannakis N, Iwarsson E, Grigelioniene G, Tham E. Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of Phenotypes Caused by Pathogenic Variants in PLOD2. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:753-760. [PMID: 29178448 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a strikingly heterogeneous group of disorders with a broad range of phenotypic variations. It is also one of the differential diagnoses in bent bone dysplasias along with campomelic dysplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia and can usually be distinguished by decreased bone mineralization and bone fractures. Bent bone dysplasias also include syndromes such as kyphomelic dysplasia (MIM:211350) and mesomelic dysplasia Kozlowski-Reardon (MIM249710), both of which have been under debate regarding whether or not they are a real entity or simply a phenotypic manifestation of another dysplasia including OI. Bruck syndrome type 2 (BRKS2; MIM:609220) is a rare form of autosomal recessive OI caused by biallelic PLOD2 variants and is associated with congenital joint contractures with pterygia. In this report, we present six patients from four families with novel PLOD2 variants. All cases had multiple fractures. Other features ranged from prenatal lethal severe angulation of the long bones as in kyphomelic dysplasia and mesomelic dysplasia Kozlowski-Reardon through classical Bruck syndrome to moderate OI with normal joints. Two siblings with a kyphomelic dysplasia-like phenotype who were stillborn had compound heterozygous variants in PLOD2 (p.Asp585Val and p.Ser166*). One infant who succumbed at age 4 months had a bent bone phenotype phenotypically like skeletal dysplasia Kozlowski-Reardon (with mesomelic shortening, camptodactyly, retrognathia, cleft palate, skin dimples, but also with fractures). He was homozygous for the nonsense variant (p.Trp561*). Two siblings had various degrees of Bruck syndrome caused by the homozygous missense variant, p.His687Arg. Furthermore a boy with a clinical presentation of moderate OI had a possibly pathogenic homozygous variant p.Trp588Cys. Our experience of six patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in PLOD2 expands the phenotypic spectrum in the PLOD2-related phenotypes. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ferraz Leal
- Centro Integrado de Saúde Amaury de Medeiros, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Intractable Disease Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ulrika Voss
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Débora Romeo Bertola
- Unidade de Genética Clínica, Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eva Åström
- Pediatric Neurology and Musculoskeletal Disorders and Home Care, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Paediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Guilherme Lopes Yamamoto
- Unidade de Genética Clínica, Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Hammarsjö
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Horemuzova
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikos Papadiogannakis
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Iwarsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Lv F, Xu X, Song Y, Li L, Asan, Wang J, Yang H, Wang O, Jiang Y, Xia W, Xing X, Li M. Novel Mutations in PLOD2 Cause Rare Bruck Syndrome. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:296-309. [PMID: 29177700 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bruck syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is mainly characterized by joint contractures and recurrent fragility fractures. Mutations in FKBP10 and PLOD2 were identified as the underlying genetic defects of Bruck syndrome. Here we investigated the phenotypes and the pathogenic mutations of three unrelated Chinese patients with Bruck syndrome. Clinical fractures, bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover biomarkers, and skeletal images were evaluated in detail. The pathogenic mutations were identified by targeted next-generation sequencing and subsequently confirmed by Sanger sequencing and cosegregation analysis. We also evaluated the effects of zoledronic acid on bone fracture incidence and BMD of the patients. Three patients had congenital joint contractures, recurrent fragility fractures, camptodactyly, clubfoot, scoliosis, but without dentinogenesis imperfecta and hearing loss. Five novel heterozygous mutations were detected in PLOD2, including three heterozygous missense mutations (c.1138C>T, p.Arg380Cys; c.1153T>C, p.Cys385Arg; and c.1982G>A, p.Gly661Asp), one heterozygous nonsense mutation (c.2038C>T, p.Arg680X), and one heterozygous splice-site mutation (c.503-2A>G). Their parents were all heterozygous carriers of these mutations in PLOD2. No clear genotype-phenotype correlations were found in these patients with PLOD2 mutations. Z-score of BMD was significantly increased, but scoliosis progressed and new bone fractures occurred during the treatment of zoledronic acid. Our findings expanded the spectrum of gene mutations of Bruck syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuwen Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lujiao Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Asan
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostic, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostic, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostic, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No.1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Cutrona MB, Morgan NE, Simpson JC. Heritable Skeletal Disorders Arising from Defects in Processing and Transport of Type I Procollagen from the ER: Perspectives on Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 245:191-225. [PMID: 29071510 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare bone disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases, initially associated with mutations in type I procollagen (PC) genes. Recent developments from dissection at the molecular and cellular level have expanded the list of disease-causing proteins, revealing that disruption of the machinery that handles protein secretion can lead to failure in PC secretion and in several cases result in skeletal dysplasia. In parallel, cell-based in vitro studies of PC trafficking pathways offer clues to the identification of new disease candidate genes. Together, this raises the prospect of heritable bone disorders as a paradigm for biosynthetic protein traffic-related diseases, and an avenue through which therapeutic strategies can be explored.Here, we focus on human syndromes linked to defects in type I PC secretion with respect to the landscape of biosynthetic and protein transport steps within the early secretory pathway. We provide a perspective on possible therapeutic interventions for associated heritable craniofacial and skeletal disorders, considering different orders of complexity, from the cellular level by manipulation of proteostasis pathways to higher levels involving cell-based therapies for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell B Cutrona
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh E Morgan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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39
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Lim J, Grafe I, Alexander S, Lee B. Genetic causes and mechanisms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Bone 2017; 102:40-49. [PMID: 28232077 PMCID: PMC5607741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by various clinical features including bone deformities, low bone mass, brittle bones, and connective tissue manifestations. The predominant cause of OI is due to mutations in the two genes that encode type I collagen. However, recent advances in sequencing technology has led to the discovery of novel genes that are implicated in recessive and dominant OI. These include genes that regulate the post-translational modification, secretion and processing of type I collagen as well as those required for osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. As such, OI has become a spectrum of genetic disorders informing about the determinants of both bone quantity and quality. Here we summarize the known genetic causes of OI, animal models that recapitulate the human disease and mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis. Additionally, we discuss the effects of disrupted collagen networks on extracellular matrix signaling and its impact on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Lim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Skeletal deformity and bone fragility are the hallmarks of the brittle bone dysplasia osteogenesis imperfecta. The diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta usually depends on family history and clinical presentation characterized by a fracture (or fractures) during the prenatal period, at birth or in early childhood; genetic tests can confirm diagnosis. Osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by dominant autosomal mutations in the type I collagen coding genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2) in about 85% of individuals, affecting collagen quantity or structure. In the past decade, (mostly) recessive, dominant and X-linked defects in a wide variety of genes encoding proteins involved in type I collagen synthesis, processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells have been shown to cause osteogenesis imperfecta. The large number of causative genes has complicated the classic classification of the disease, and although a new genetic classification system is widely used, it is still debated. Phenotypic manifestations in many organs, in addition to bone, are reported, such as abnormalities in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, skin fragility, muscle weakness, hearing loss and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Management involves surgical and medical treatment of skeletal abnormalities, and treatment of other complications. More innovative approaches based on gene and cell therapy, and signalling pathway alterations, are under investigation.
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41
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Zou Y, Donkervoort S, Salo AM, Foley AR, Barnes AM, Hu Y, Makareeva E, Leach ME, Mohassel P, Dastgir J, Deardorff MA, Cohn RD, DiNonno WO, Malfait F, Lek M, Leikin S, Marini JC, Myllyharju J, Bönnemann CG. P4HA1 mutations cause a unique congenital disorder of connective tissue involving tendon, bone, muscle and the eye. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2207-2217. [PMID: 28419360 PMCID: PMC6075373 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases (C-P4Hs) play a central role in the formation and stabilization of the triple helical domain of collagens. P4HA1 encodes the catalytic α(I) subunit of the main C-P4H isoenzyme (C-P4H-I). We now report human bi-allelic P4HA1 mutations in a family with a congenital-onset disorder of connective tissue, manifesting as early-onset joint hypermobility, joint contractures, muscle weakness and bone dysplasia as well as high myopia, with evidence of clinical improvement of motor function over time in the surviving patient. Similar to P4ha1 null mice, which die prenatally, the muscle tissue from P1 and P2 was found to have reduced collagen IV immunoreactivity at the muscle basement membrane. Patients were compound heterozygous for frameshift and splice site mutations leading to reduced, but not absent, P4HA1 protein level and C-P4H activity in dermal fibroblasts compared to age-matched control samples. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed reduced thermal stability of collagen in patient-derived dermal fibroblasts versus age-matched control samples. Mutations affecting the family of C-P4Hs, and in particular C-P4H-I, should be considered in patients presenting with congenital connective tissue/myopathy overlap disorders with joint hypermobility, contractures, mild skeletal dysplasia and high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Zou
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antti M. Salo
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - A. Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aileen M. Barnes
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elena Makareeva
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meganne E. Leach
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Payam Mohassel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jahannaz Dastgir
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew A. Deardorff
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronald D. Cohn
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Centre for Genetic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy O. DiNonno
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, VA, USA
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergey Leikin
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joan C. Marini
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Carsten G. Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Duran I, Martin JH, Weis MA, Krejci P, Konik P, Li B, Alanay Y, Lietman C, Lee B, Eyre D, Cohn DH, Krakow D. A Chaperone Complex Formed by HSP47, FKBP65, and BiP Modulates Telopeptide Lysyl Hydroxylation of Type I Procollagen. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1309-1319. [PMID: 28177155 PMCID: PMC5466459 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lysine hydroxylation of type I collagen telopeptides varies from tissue to tissue, and these distinct hydroxylation patterns modulate collagen cross-linking to generate a unique extracellular matrix. Abnormalities in these patterns contribute to pathologies that include osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), fibrosis, and cancer. Telopeptide procollagen modifications are carried out by lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2); however, little is known regarding how this enzyme regulates hydroxylation patterns. We identified an ER complex of resident chaperones that includes HSP47, FKBP65, and BiP regulating the activity of LH2. Our findings show that FKBP65 and HSP47 modulate the activity of LH2 to either favor or repress its activity. BiP was also identified as a member of the complex, playing a role in enhancing the formation of the complex. This newly identified ER chaperone complex contributes to our understanding of how LH2 regulates lysyl hydroxylation of type I collagen C-telopeptides to affect the quality of connective tissues. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Duran
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN). University of Malaga, Spain
| | - Jorge H. Martin
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Mary Ann Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Konik
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caressa Lietman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles
- Departments of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles
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43
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Marr C, Seasman A, Bishop N. Managing the patient with osteogenesis imperfecta: a multidisciplinary approach. J Multidiscip Healthc 2017; 10:145-155. [PMID: 28435282 PMCID: PMC5388361 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s113483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous heritable connective tissue disorder characterized by low bone density. The type and severity of OI are variable. The primary manifestations are fractures, bone deformity, and bone pain, resulting in reduced mobility and function to complete everyday tasks. OI affects not only the physical but also the social and emotional well-being of children, young people, and their families. As such, medical, surgical, and allied health professionals’ assessments all play a role in the management of these children. The multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of children and young people living with OI seeks to provide well-coordinated, comprehensive assessments, and interventions that place the child and family at the very center of their care. The coordinated efforts of a multidisciplinary team can support children with OI to fulfill their potential, maximizing function, independence, and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nick Bishop
- Academic Unit of Child Health, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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44
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Kang H, Aryal A C S, Marini JC. Osteogenesis imperfecta: new genes reveal novel mechanisms in bone dysplasia. Transl Res 2017; 181:27-48. [PMID: 27914223 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by fragile bones and short stature and known for its clinical and genetic heterogeneity which is now understood as a collagen-related disorder. During the last decade, research has made remarkable progress in identifying new OI-causing genes and beginning to understand the intertwined molecular and biochemical mechanisms of their gene products. Most cases of OI have dominant inheritance. Each new gene for recessive OI, and a recently identified gene for X-linked OI, has shed new light on its (often previously unsuspected) function in bone biology. Here, we summarize the literature that has contributed to our current understanding of the pathogenesis of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeseog Kang
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Smriti Aryal A C
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Joan C Marini
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Md.
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45
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Guo HF, Cho EJ, Devkota AK, Chen Y, Russell W, Phillips GN, Yamauchi M, Dalby KN, Kurie JM. A scalable lysyl hydroxylase 2 expression system and luciferase-based enzymatic activity assay. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 618:45-51. [PMID: 28216326 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxylysine aldehyde-derived collagen cross-links (HLCCs) accumulate in fibrotic tissues and certain types of cancer and are thought to drive the progression of these diseases. HLCC formation is initiated by lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2), an Fe(II) and α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent oxygenase that hydroxylates telopeptidyl lysine residues on collagen. Development of LH2 antagonists for the treatment of these diseases will require a reliable source of recombinant LH2 protein and a non-radioactive LH2 enzymatic activity assay that is amenable to high throughput screens of small molecule libraries. However, LH2 protein generated using E coli- or insect-based expression systems is either insoluble or enzymatically unstable, and the LH2 enzymatic activity assays that are currently available measure radioactive CO2 released from 14C-labeled αKG during its conversion to succinate. To address these deficiencies, we have developed a scalable process to purify human LH2 protein from Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived conditioned media samples and a luciferase-based assay that quantifies LH2-dependent conversion of αKG to succinate. These methodologies may be applicable to other Fe(II) and αKG-dependent oxygenase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Fu Guo
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eun Jeong Cho
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Ashwini K Devkota
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William Russell
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - George N Phillips
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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Hudson DM, Weis M, Rai J, Joeng KS, Dimori M, Lee BH, Morello R, Eyre DR. P3h3-null and Sc65-null Mice Phenocopy the Collagen Lysine Under-hydroxylation and Cross-linking Abnormality of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type VIA. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3877-3887. [PMID: 28115524 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.762245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry was applied to tissues from targeted mutant mouse models to explore the collagen substrate specificities of individual members of the prolyl 3-hydroxylase (P3H) gene family. Previous studies revealed that P3h1 preferentially 3-hydroxylates proline at a single site in collagen type I chains, whereas P3h2 is responsible for 3-hydroxylating multiple proline sites in collagen types I, II, IV, and V. In screening for collagen substrate sites for the remaining members of the vertebrate P3H family, P3h3 and Sc65 knock-out mice revealed a common lysine under-hydroxylation effect at helical domain cross-linking sites in skin, bone, tendon, aorta, and cornea. No effect on prolyl 3-hydroxylation was evident on screening the spectrum of known 3-hydroxyproline sites from all major tissue collagen types. However, collagen type I extracted from both Sc65-/- and P3h3-/- skin revealed the same abnormal chain pattern on SDS-PAGE with an overabundance of a γ112 cross-linked trimer. The latter proved to be from native molecules that had intramolecular aldol cross-links at each end. The lysine under-hydroxylation was shown to alter the divalent aldimine cross-link chemistry of mutant skin collagen. Furthermore, the ratio of mature HP/LP cross-links in bone of both P3h3-/- and Sc65-/- mice was reversed compared with wild type, consistent with the level of lysine under-hydroxylation seen in individual chains at cross-linking sites. The effect on cross-linking lysines was quantitatively very similar to that previously observed in EDS VIA human and Plod1-/- mouse tissues, suggesting that P3H3 and/or SC65 mutations may cause as yet undefined EDS variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hudson
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195,
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jyoti Rai
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Kyu Sang Joeng
- the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Milena Dimori
- the Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Brendan H Lee
- the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Roy Morello
- the Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - David R Eyre
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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47
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Gjaltema RAF, Bank RA. Molecular insights into prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation of fibrillar collagens in health and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 52:74-95. [PMID: 28006962 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1269716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a macromolecule that has versatile roles in physiology, ranging from structural support to mediating cell signaling. Formation of mature collagen fibrils out of procollagen α-chains requires a variety of enzymes and chaperones in a complex process spanning both intracellular and extracellular post-translational modifications. These processes include modifications of amino acids, folding of procollagen α-chains into a triple-helical configuration and subsequent stabilization, facilitation of transportation out of the cell, cleavage of propeptides, aggregation, cross-link formation, and finally the formation of mature fibrils. Disruption of any of the proteins involved in these biosynthesis steps potentially result in a variety of connective tissue diseases because of a destabilized extracellular matrix. In this review, we give a revised overview of the enzymes and chaperones currently known to be relevant to the conversion of lysine and proline into hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, respectively, and the O-glycosylation of hydroxylysine and give insights into the consequences when these steps are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger A F Gjaltema
- a MATRIX Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Ruud A Bank
- a MATRIX Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
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48
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Caparros-Martin JA, Aglan MS, Temtamy S, Otaify GA, Valencia M, Nevado J, Vallespin E, Del Pozo A, Prior de Castro C, Calatrava-Ferreras L, Gutierrez P, Bueno AM, Sagastizabal B, Guillen-Navarro E, Ballesta-Martinez M, Gonzalez V, Basaran SY, Buyukoglan R, Sarikepe B, Espinoza-Valdez C, Cammarata-Scalisi F, Martinez-Glez V, Heath KE, Lapunzina P, Ruiz-Perez VL. Molecular spectrum and differential diagnosis in patients referred with sporadic or autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2016; 5:28-39. [PMID: 28116328 PMCID: PMC5241205 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous bone disorder characterized by recurrent fractures. Although most cases of OI have heterozygous mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2 and show autosomal dominant inheritance, during the last years there has been an explosion in the number of genes responsible for both recessive and dominant forms of this condition. Herein, we have analyzed a cohort of patients with OI, all offspring of unaffected parents, to determine the spectrum of variants accounting for these cases. Twenty patients had nonrelated parents and were sporadic, and 21 were born to consanguineous relationships. Methods Mutation analysis was performed using a next‐generation sequencing gene panel, homozygosity mapping, and whole exome sequencing (WES). Results Patients offspring of nonconsanguineous parents were mostly identified with COL1A1 or COL1A2 heterozygous changes, although there were also a few cases with IFITM5 and WNT1 heterozygous mutations. Only one sporadic patient was a compound heterozygote for two recessive mutations. Patients offspring of consanguineous parents showed homozygous changes in a variety of genes including CRTAP,FKBP10,LEPRE1,PLOD2,PPIB,SERPINF1,TMEM38B, and WNT1. In addition, two patients born to consanguineous parents were found to have de novo COL1A1 heterozygous mutations demonstrating that causative variants in the collagen I structural genes cannot be overlooked in affected children from consanguineous couples. Further to this, WES analysis in probands lacking mutations in OI genes revealed deleterious variants in SCN9A,NTRK1, and SLC2A2, which are associated with congenital indifference to pain (CIP) and Fanconi–Bickel syndrome (FBS). Conclusion This work provides useful information for clinical and genetic diagnosis of OI patients with no positive family history of this disease. Our data also indicate that CIP and FBS are conditions to be considered in the differential diagnosis of OI and suggest a positive role of SCN9A and NTRK1 in bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Caparros-Martin
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain; CIBER de enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - Mona S Aglan
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division Centre of Excellence of Human Genetics National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | - Samia Temtamy
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division Centre of Excellence of Human Genetics National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | - Ghada A Otaify
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division Centre of Excellence of Human Genetics National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Julián Nevado
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM) Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Vallespin
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM) Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Angela Del Pozo
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM) Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen Prior de Castro
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM) Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Lucia Calatrava-Ferreras
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain; CIBER de enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - Pilar Gutierrez
- Orthopedic Surgery Department and Endocrinology Department Hospital Universitario de Getafe Madrid Spain
| | - Ana M Bueno
- Orthopedic Surgery Department and Endocrinology Department Hospital Universitario de Getafe Madrid Spain
| | - Belen Sagastizabal
- Orthopedic Surgery Department and Endocrinology Department Hospital Universitario de Getafe Madrid Spain
| | - Encarna Guillen-Navarro
- CIBER de enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain; Unidad de Genética MédicaServicio de PediatríaHospital Universitario Virgen de la ArrixacaMurciaSpain
| | - Maria Ballesta-Martinez
- Unidad de Genética Médica Servicio de Pediatría Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Vanesa Gonzalez
- Unidad de Genética Médica Servicio de Pediatría Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Sarenur Y Basaran
- Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine Istanbul Medeniyet University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ruksan Buyukoglan
- Department of Genetics Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - Bilge Sarikepe
- Department of Genetics School of Medicine Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
| | | | | | - Victor Martinez-Glez
- CIBER de enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain; Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPazUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Karen E Heath
- CIBER de enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain; Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPazUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain; Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE)Hospital Universitario La PazMadridSpain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBER de enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain; Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPazUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain; Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE)Hospital Universitario La PazMadridSpain
| | - Victor L Ruiz-Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain; CIBER de enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain; Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE)Hospital Universitario La PazMadridSpain
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49
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Marom R, Lee YC, Grafe I, Lee B. Pharmacological and biological therapeutic strategies for osteogenesis imperfecta. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 172:367-383. [PMID: 27813341 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility, low bone mass, and bone deformities. The majority of cases are caused by autosomal dominant pathogenic variants in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes that encode type I collagen, the major component of the bone matrix. The remaining cases are caused by autosomal recessively or dominantly inherited mutations in genes that are involved in the post-translational modification of type I collagen, act as type I collagen chaperones, or are members of the signaling pathways that regulate bone homeostasis. The main goals of treatment in OI are to decrease fracture incidence, relieve bone pain, and promote mobility and growth. This requires a multi-disciplinary approach, utilizing pharmacological interventions, physical therapy, orthopedic surgery, and monitoring nutrition with appropriate calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Bisphosphonate therapy, which has become the mainstay of treatment in OI, has proven beneficial in increasing bone mass, and to some extent reducing fracture risk. However, the response to treatment is not as robust as is seen in osteoporosis, and it seems less effective in certain types of OI, and in adult OI patients as compared to most pediatric cases. New pharmacological treatments are currently being developed, including anti-resorptive agents, anabolic treatment, and gene- and cell-therapy approaches. These therapies are under different stages of investigation from the bench-side, to pre-clinical and clinical trials. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings regarding the pharmacological and biological strategies for the treatment of patients with OI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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50
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Gistelinck C, Witten PE, Huysseune A, Symoens S, Malfait F, Larionova D, Simoens P, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, De Paepe A, Kwon RY, Weis M, Eyre DR, Willaert A, Coucke PJ. Loss of Type I Collagen Telopeptide Lysyl Hydroxylation Causes Musculoskeletal Abnormalities in a Zebrafish Model of Bruck Syndrome. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1930-1942. [PMID: 27541483 PMCID: PMC5364950 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bruck syndrome (BS) is a disorder characterized by joint flexion contractures and skeletal dysplasia that shows strong clinical overlap with the brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). BS is caused by biallelic mutations in either the FKBP10 or the PLOD2 gene. PLOD2 encodes the lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) enzyme, which is responsible for the hydroxylation of lysine residues in fibrillar collagen telopeptides. This hydroxylation directs crosslinking of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix, which is necessary to provide stability and tensile integrity to the collagen fibrils. To further elucidate the function of LH2 in vertebrate skeletal development, we created a zebrafish model harboring a homozygous plod2 nonsense mutation resulting in reduced telopeptide hydroxylation and crosslinking of bone type I collagen. Adult plod2 mutants present with a shortened body axis and severe skeletal abnormalities with evidence of bone fragility and fractures. The vertebral column of plod2 mutants is short and scoliotic with compressed vertebrae that show excessive bone formation at the vertebral end plates, and increased tissue mineral density in the vertebral centra. The muscle fibers of mutant zebrafish have a reduced diameter near the horizontal myoseptum. The endomysium, a layer of connective tissue ensheathing the individual muscle fibers, is enlarged. Transmission electron microscopy of mutant vertebral bone shows type I collagen fibrils that are less organized with loss of the typical plywood-like structure. In conclusion, plod2 mutant zebrafish show molecular and tissue abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system that are concordant with clinical findings in BS patients. Therefore, the plod2 zebrafish mutant is a promising model for the elucidation of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms leading to BS and the development of novel therapeutic avenues in this syndrome. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Huysseune
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Pascal Simoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ronald Y Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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