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Hou X, Si X, Xu J, Chen X, Tang Y, Dai Y, Wu F. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the gene expression profile and cellular communication in human fetal heart development. Dev Biol 2024; 514:87-98. [PMID: 38876166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system, and its proper development is vital to maintain human life. As fetal heart development is complex and poorly understood, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to profile the gene expression landscapes of human fetal hearts from the four-time points: 8, 10, 11, 17 gestational weeks (GW8, GW10, GW11, GW17), and identified 11 major types of cells: erythroid cells, fibroblasts, heart endothelial cells, ventricular cardiomyocytes, atrial cardiomyocytes, macrophage, DCs, smooth muscle, pericytes, neural cells, schwann cells. In addition, we identified a series of differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways in each cell type between different gestational weeks. Notably, we found that ANNEXIN, MIF, PTN, GRN signalling pathways were simple and fewer intercellular connections in GW8, however, they were significantly more complex and had more intercellular communication in GW10, GW11, and GW17. Notably, the interaction strength of OSM signalling pathways was gradually decreased during this period of time (from GW8 to GW17). Together, in this study, we presented a comprehensive and clear description of the differentiation processes of all the main cell types in the human fetal hearts, which may provide information and reference data for heart regeneration and heart disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Hou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xinlei Si
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiasen Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoni Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Yong Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Fenfang Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Kalisch-Smith JI, Ehtisham-Uddin N, Rodriguez-Caro H. Feto-placental and coronary endothelial genes implicated in miscarriage, congenital heart disease and stillbirth, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Placenta 2024; 156:55-66. [PMID: 39276426 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
The first trimester placenta is very rarely investigated for placental vascular formation in developmental or diseased contexts. Defects in placental formation can cause heart defects in the fetus, and vice versa. Determining the causality is therefore difficult as both organs develop concurrently and express many of the same genes. Here, we performed a systematic review to determine feto-placental and coronary endothelial genes implicated in miscarriages, stillbirth and congenital heart defects (CHD) from human genome wide screening studies. 4 single cell RNAseq datasets from human first/early second trimester cardiac and placental samples were queried to generate a list of 1187 endothelial genes. This broad list was cross-referenced with genes implicated in the pregnancy disorders above. 39 papers reported feto-placental and cardiac coronary endothelial genes, totalling 612 variants. Vascular gene variants were attributed to the incidence of miscarriage (8 %), CHD (4 %) and stillbirth (3 %). The most common genes for CHD (NOTCH, DST, FBN1, JAG1, CHD4), miscarriage (COL1A1, HERC1), and stillbirth (AKAP9, MYLK), were involved in blood vessel and cardiac valve formation, with roles in endothelial differentiation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix signaling, growth factor binding and cell adhesion. NOTCH1, AKAP12, CHD4, LAMC1 and SOS1 showed greater relative risk ratios with CHD. Many of the vascular genes identified were expressed highly in both placental and heart EC populations. Both feto-placental and cardiac vascular genes are likely to result in poor endothelial cell development and function during human pregnancy that leads to higher risk of miscarriage, congenital heart disease and stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta I Kalisch-Smith
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7TY, UK.
| | - Nusaybah Ehtisham-Uddin
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Helena Rodriguez-Caro
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7TY, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Rodgers SK, Horrow MM, Doubilet PM, Frates MC, Kennedy A, Andreotti R, Brandi K, Detti L, Horvath SK, Kamaya A, Koyama A, Lema PC, Maturen KE, Morgan T, Običan SG, Olinger K, Sohaey R, Senapati S, Strachowski LM. A Lexicon for First-Trimester US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Recommendations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024:S0002-9378(24)00811-1. [PMID: 39198135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound convened a multisociety panel to develop a first-trimester US lexicon based on scientific evidence, societal guidelines, and expert consensus that would be appropriate for imagers, clinicians, and patients. Through a modified Delphi process with consensus of at least 80%, agreement was reached for preferred terms, synonyms, and terms to avoid. An intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) is defined as a pregnancy implanted in a normal location within the uterus. In contrast, an ectopic pregnancy (EP) is any pregnancy implanted in an abnormal location, whether extrauterine or intrauterine, thus categorizing cesarean scar implantations as EPs. The term pregnancy of unknown location is used in the setting of a pregnant patient without evidence of a definite or probable IUP or EP at transvaginal US. Since cardiac development is a gradual process and cardiac chambers are not fully formed in the first trimester, the term cardiac activity is recommended in lieu of 'heart motion' or 'heartbeat.' The terms 'living' and 'viable' should also be avoided in the first trimester. 'Pregnancy failure' is replaced by early pregnancy loss (EPL). When paired with various modifiers, EPL is used to describe a pregnancy in the first trimester that may or will not progress, is in the process of expulsion, or has either incompletely or completely passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi K Rodgers
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Mindy M Horrow
- Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Peter M Doubilet
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mary C Frates
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Anne Kennedy
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rochelle Andreotti
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kristyn Brandi
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Newark, NJ
| | - Laura Detti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Sarah K Horvath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa
| | - Aya Kamaya
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Atsuko Koyama
- Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Ariz
| | | | - Katherine E Maturen
- Department of Radiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Tara Morgan
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Sarah G Običan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
| | - Kristen Olinger
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Roya Sohaey
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore
| | - Suneeta Senapati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Lori M Strachowski
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San Francisco, CA 94110.
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4
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Rodgers SK, Horrow MM, Doubilet PM, Frates MC, Kennedy A, Andreotti R, Brandi K, Detti L, Horvath SK, Kamaya A, Koyama A, Lema PC, Maturen KE, Morgan T, Običan SG, Olinger K, Sohaey R, Senapati S, Strachowski LM. A Lexicon for First-Trimester US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Recommendations. Radiology 2024; 312:e240122. [PMID: 39189906 PMCID: PMC11366677 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.240122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound convened a multisociety panel to develop a first-trimester US lexicon based on scientific evidence, societal guidelines, and expert consensus that would be appropriate for imagers, clinicians, and patients. Through a modified Delphi process with consensus of at least 80%, agreement was reached for preferred terms, synonyms, and terms to avoid. An intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) is defined as a pregnancy implanted in a normal location within the uterus. In contrast, an ectopic pregnancy (EP) is any pregnancy implanted in an abnormal location, whether extrauterine or intrauterine, thus categorizing cesarean scar implantations as EPs. The term pregnancy of unknown location is used in the setting of a pregnant patient without evidence of a definite or probable IUP or EP at transvaginal US. Since cardiac development is a gradual process and cardiac chambers are not fully formed in the first trimester, the term cardiac activity is recommended in lieu of 'heart motion' or 'heartbeat.' The terms 'living' and 'viable' should also be avoided in the first trimester. 'Pregnancy failure' is replaced by early pregnancy loss (EPL). When paired with various modifiers, EPL is used to describe a pregnancy in the first trimester that may or will not progress, is in the process of expulsion, or has either incompletely or completely passed. © RSNA and Elsevier, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article. This article is a simultaneous joint publication in Radiology and American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. All rights reserved. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style. Either version may be used in citing this article. See also the editorial by Scoutt and Norton in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi K. Rodgers
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Mindy M. Horrow
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Peter M. Doubilet
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Mary C. Frates
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Anne Kennedy
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Rochelle Andreotti
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Kristyn Brandi
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Laura Detti
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Sarah K. Horvath
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Aya Kamaya
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Atsuko Koyama
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Penelope Chun Lema
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Katherine E. Maturen
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Tara Morgan
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Sarah G. Običan
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Kristen Olinger
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Roya Sohaey
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Suneeta Senapati
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
| | - Lori M. Strachowski
- From the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pa (S.K.R.); Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare
Network/Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pa (M.M.H.); Department of Radiology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
(P.M.D., M.C.F.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (A. Kennedy); Department of Radiology and
Radiological Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tenn (R.A.); American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, Newark, NJ (K.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (L.D.); Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa (S.K.H.);
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (A. Kamaya);
Division of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix,
Phoenix, Ariz (A. Koyama); Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia
University, New York, NY (P.C.L.); Department of Radiology and Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (K.E.M.);
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz (T.M.); Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla (S.G.O.);
Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.O.);
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University,
Portland, Ore (R.S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (S.S.); and Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1X57, San
Francisco, CA 94110 (L.M.S.)
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5
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Inouye K, Yeganyan S, Kay K, Thankam FG. Programmed spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes in regenerative cardiology. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:790-796. [PMID: 38520412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells have gained attention as a promising therapeutic approach for damaged myocardium, and there have been efforts to develop a protocol for regenerating cardiomyocytes (CMs). Certain cells have showed a greater aptitude for yielding beating CMs, such as induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells and extended pluripotent stem cells. The approach for generating CMs from stem cells differs across studies, although there is evidence that Wnt signaling, chemical additives, electrical stimulation, co-culture, biomaterials and transcription factors triggers CM differentiation. Upregulation of Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5 transcription factors has been correlated with successfully induced CMs, although Mef2c may potentially play a more prominent role in the generation of the beating phenotype, specifically. Regenerative research provides a possible candidate for cardiac repair; however, it is important to identify factors that influence their differentiation. Altogether, the spontaneously beating CMs would be monumental for regenerative research for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Inouye
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Yeganyan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Kaelen Kay
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA.
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6
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Zubrzycki M, Schramm R, Costard-Jäckle A, Grohmann J, Gummert JF, Zubrzycka M. Cardiac Development and Factors Influencing the Development of Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs): Part I. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7117. [PMID: 39000221 PMCID: PMC11241401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional description of cardiac development involves progression from a cardiac crescent to a linear heart tube, which in the phase of transformation into a mature heart forms a cardiac loop and is divided with the septa into individual cavities. Cardiac morphogenesis involves numerous types of cells originating outside the initial cardiac crescent, including neural crest cells, cells of the second heart field origin, and epicardial progenitor cells. The development of the fetal heart and circulatory system is subject to regulatation by both genetic and environmental processes. The etiology for cases with congenital heart defects (CHDs) is largely unknown, but several genetic anomalies, some maternal illnesses, and prenatal exposures to specific therapeutic and non-therapeutic drugs are generally accepted as risk factors. New techniques for studying heart development have revealed many aspects of cardiac morphogenesis that are important in the development of CHDs, in particular transposition of the great arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zubrzycki
- Department of Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Rene Schramm
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.C.-J.); (J.F.G.)
| | - Angelika Costard-Jäckle
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.C.-J.); (J.F.G.)
| | - Jochen Grohmann
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Jan F. Gummert
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.C.-J.); (J.F.G.)
| | - Maria Zubrzycka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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7
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Apolínová K, Pérez FA, Dyballa S, Coppe B, Mercader Huber N, Terriente J, Di Donato V. ZebraReg-a novel platform for discovering regulators of cardiac regeneration using zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1384423. [PMID: 38799508 PMCID: PMC11116629 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1384423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide with myocardial infarction being the most prevalent. Currently, no cure is available to either prevent or revert the massive death of cardiomyocytes that occurs after a myocardial infarction. Adult mammalian hearts display a limited regeneration capacity, but it is insufficient to allow complete myocardial recovery. In contrast, the injured zebrafish heart muscle regenerates efficiently through robust proliferation of pre-existing myocardial cells. Thus, zebrafish allows its exploitation for studying the genetic programs behind cardiac regeneration, which may be present, albeit dormant, in the adult human heart. To this end, we have established ZebraReg, a novel and versatile automated platform for studying heart regeneration kinetics after the specific ablation of cardiomyocytes in zebrafish larvae. In combination with automated heart imaging, the platform can be integrated with genetic or pharmacological approaches and used for medium-throughput screening of presumed modulators of heart regeneration. We demonstrate the versatility of the platform by identifying both anti- and pro-regenerative effects of genes and drugs. In conclusion, we present a tool which may be utilised to streamline the process of target validation of novel gene regulators of regeneration, and the discovery of new drug therapies to regenerate the heart after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Apolínová
- ZeClinics SL, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedicine, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Benedetta Coppe
- Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for Biomedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Mercader Huber
- Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for Biomedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Loseva PA, Gladyshev VN. The beginning of becoming a human. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8378-8395. [PMID: 38713165 PMCID: PMC11131989 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
According to birth certificates, the life of a child begins once their body comes out of the mother's womb. But when does their organismal life begin? Science holds a palette of answers-depending on how one defines a human life. In 1984, a commission on the regulatory framework for human embryo experimentation opted not to answer this question, instead setting a boundary, 14 days post-fertilization, beyond which any experiments were forbidden. Recently, as the reproductive technologies developed and the demand for experimentation grew stronger, this boundary may be set aside leaving the ultimate decision to local oversight committees. While science has not come closer to setting a zero point for human life, there has been significant progress in our understanding of early mammalian embryogenesis. It has become clear that the 14-day stage does in fact possess features, which make it a foundational time point for a developing human. Importantly, this stage defines the separation of soma from the germline and marks the boundary between rejuvenation and aging. We explore how different levels of life organization emerge during human development and suggest a new meaning for the 14-day stage in organismal life that is grounded in recent mechanistic advances and insights from aging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A. Loseva
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Verma SK, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN. RNA binding proteins in cardiovascular development and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:51-119. [PMID: 38556427 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect affecting>1.35 million newborn babies worldwide. CHD can lead to prenatal, neonatal, postnatal lethality or life-long cardiac complications. RNA binding protein (RBP) mutations or variants are emerging as contributors to CHDs. RBPs are wizards of gene regulation and are major contributors to mRNA and protein landscape. However, not much is known about RBPs in the developing heart and their contributions to CHD. In this chapter, we will discuss our current knowledge about specific RBPs implicated in CHDs. We are in an exciting era to study RBPs using the currently available and highly successful RNA-based therapies and methodologies. Understanding how RBPs shape the developing heart will unveil their contributions to CHD. Identifying their target RNAs in the embryonic heart will ultimately lead to RNA-based treatments for congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Verma
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA, United States; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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10
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Lee C, Xu S, Samad T, Goodyer WR, Raissadati A, Heinrich P, Wu SM. The cardiac conduction system: History, development, and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:157-200. [PMID: 38556422 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to form during embryonic development, establishing the circulatory infrastructure necessary to sustain life and enable downstream organogenesis. Critical to the heart's function is its ability to initiate and propagate electrical impulses that allow for the coordinated contraction and relaxation of its chambers, and thus, the movement of blood and nutrients. Several specialized structures within the heart, collectively known as the cardiac conduction system (CCS), are responsible for this phenomenon. In this review, we discuss the discovery and scientific history of the mammalian cardiac conduction system as well as the key genes and transcription factors implicated in the formation of its major structures. We also describe known human diseases related to CCS development and explore existing challenges in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sidra Xu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tahmina Samad
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - William R Goodyer
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alireza Raissadati
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Paul Heinrich
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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11
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Bhugaonkar K, Balwaik K, Masne N. Successful Stent Implantation Into the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Complex Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease. Cureus 2024; 16:e56135. [PMID: 38623139 PMCID: PMC11017696 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Birth-associated structural issues with the heart are known as congenital heart disorders or defects. They might alter the heart's regular blood flow. A 10-month-old female child presented to a tertiary care hospital with symptoms of recurrent cyanotic spells with episodes of desaturation a few months after birth. ECG findings depicted a normal sinus rhythm with a right axis deviation along the right ventricular forces. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed a tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia with a patent ductus arteriosus from the undersurface of the arch with confluent small pulmonary arteries. A coronary wire was passed through the left subclavian artery, and a 4 × 16 mm stent was deployed successfully. After the procedure, the patient's saturation improved, and she was extubated on the table. The patient was on heparin for 24 hours and was started on oral aspirin thereafter. This case was discharged on the third postoperative day and was advised to follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Bhugaonkar
- Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Kshitij Balwaik
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Neha Masne
- Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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12
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Bolunduț AC, Nazarie F, Lazea C, Șufană C, Miclea D, Lazăr C, Mihu CM. A Pilot Study of Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification Evaluation of Copy Number Variations in Romanian Children with Congenital Heart Defects. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:207. [PMID: 38397197 PMCID: PMC10887610 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) have had an increasing prevalence over the last decades, being one of the most common congenital defects. Their etiopathogenesis is multifactorial in origin. About 10-15% of all CHD can be attributed to copy number variations (CNVs), a type of submicroscopic structural genetic alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of CNVs in the development of congenital heart defects. We performed a cohort study investigating the presence of CNVs in the 22q11.2 region and GATA4, TBX5, NKX2-5, BMP4, and CRELD1 genes in patients with syndromic and isolated CHDs. A total of 56 patients were included in the study, half of them (28 subjects) being classified as syndromic. The most common heart defect in our study population was ventricular septal defect (VSD) at 39.28%. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of CHD-type distribution, demographical, and clinical features, with the exceptions of birth length, weight, and length at the time of blood sampling, that were significantly lower in the syndromic group. Through multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis, we found two heterozygous deletions in the 22q11.2 region, both in patients from the syndromic group. No CNVs involving GATA4, NKX2-5, TBX5, BMP4, and CRELD1 genes were identified in our study. We conclude that the MLPA assay may be used as a first genetic test in patients with syndromic CHD and that the 22q11.2 region may be included in the panels used for screening these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Cristian Bolunduț
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florina Nazarie
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 1st Pediatrics Clinic, Emergency Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Crina Șufană
- 1st Pediatrics Clinic, Emergency Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Miclea
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Medical Genetics Compartment, Emergency Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Călin Lazăr
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 1st Pediatrics Clinic, Emergency Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Department of Histology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lozano-Velasco E, Inácio JM, Sousa I, Guimarães AR, Franco D, Moura G, Belo JA. miRNAs in Heart Development and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1673. [PMID: 38338950 PMCID: PMC10855082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a group of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. They include conditions such as myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, and congenital heart defects. CVDs are the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, new medical interventions that aim to prevent, treat, or manage CVDs are of prime importance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and play important roles in various biological processes, including cardiac development, function, and disease. Moreover, miRNAs can also act as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In order to identify and characterize miRNAs and their target genes, scientists take advantage of computational tools such as bioinformatic algorithms, which can also assist in analyzing miRNA expression profiles, functions, and interactions in different cardiac conditions. Indeed, the combination of miRNA research and bioinformatic algorithms has opened new avenues for understanding and treating CVDs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of miRNAs in cardiac development and CVDs, discuss the challenges and opportunities, and provide some examples of recent bioinformatics for miRNA research in cardiovascular biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (D.F.)
| | - José Manuel Inácio
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Inês Sousa
- Genome Medicine Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine–iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.S.); (A.R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Ana Rita Guimarães
- Genome Medicine Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine–iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.S.); (A.R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (D.F.)
| | - Gabriela Moura
- Genome Medicine Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine–iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.S.); (A.R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - José António Belo
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal;
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14
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Jensen B, Moorman AFM. Evolutionary Aspects of Chamber Formation and Septation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:227-238. [PMID: 38884714 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The formed hearts of vertebrates are widely different in anatomy and performance, yet their embryonic hearts are surprisingly similar. Developmental and molecular biology are making great advances in reconciling these differences by revealing an evolutionarily conserved building plan to the vertebrate heart. This suggests that perspectives from evolution may improve our understanding of the formation of the human heart. Here, we exemplify this approach by discussing atrial and ventricular septation and the associated processes of remodeling of the atrioventricular junction and formation of the atrioventricular insulating plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarke Jensen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Antoon F M Moorman
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Ibrahim S, Gaborit B, Lenoir M, Collod-Beroud G, Stefanovic S. Maternal Pre-Existing Diabetes: A Non-Inherited Risk Factor for Congenital Cardiopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16258. [PMID: 38003449 PMCID: PMC10671602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common form of birth defects in humans. They occur in 9 out of 1000 live births and are defined as structural abnormalities of the heart. Understanding CHDs is difficult due to the heterogeneity of the disease and its multifactorial etiology. Advances in genomic sequencing have made it possible to identify the genetic factors involved in CHDs. However, genetic origins have only been found in a minority of CHD cases, suggesting the contribution of non-inherited (environmental) risk factors to the etiology of CHDs. Maternal pregestational diabetes is associated with a three- to five-fold increased risk of congenital cardiopathies, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. According to current hypotheses, hyperglycemia is the main teratogenic agent in diabetic pregnancies. It is thought to induce cell damage, directly through genetic and epigenetic dysregulations and/or indirectly through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The purpose of this review is to summarize key findings on the molecular mechanisms altered in cardiac development during exposure to hyperglycemic conditions in utero. It also presents the various in vivo and in vitro techniques used to experimentally model pregestational diabetes. Finally, new approaches are suggested to broaden our understanding of the subject and develop new prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Ibrahim
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marien Lenoir
- Department of Congenital Heart Surgery, La Timone Children Hospital, APHM, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Sonia Stefanovic
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France;
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16
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Jindal GA, Bantle AT, Solvason JJ, Grudzien JL, D'Antonio-Chronowska A, Lim F, Le SH, Song BP, Ragsac MF, Klie A, Larsen RO, Frazer KA, Farley EK. Single-nucleotide variants within heart enhancers increase binding affinity and disrupt heart development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2206-2216.e5. [PMID: 37848026 PMCID: PMC10720985 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional enhancers direct precise gene expression patterns during development and harbor the majority of variants associated with phenotypic diversity, evolutionary adaptations, and disease. Pinpointing which enhancer variants contribute to changes in gene expression and phenotypes is a major challenge. Here, we find that suboptimal or low-affinity binding sites are necessary for precise gene expression during heart development. Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) can optimize the affinity of ETS binding sites, causing gain-of-function (GOF) gene expression, cell migration defects, and phenotypes as severe as extra beating hearts in the marine chordate Ciona robusta. In human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes, a SNV within a human GATA4 enhancer increases ETS binding affinity and causes GOF enhancer activity. The prevalence of suboptimal-affinity sites within enhancers creates a vulnerability whereby affinity-optimizing SNVs can lead to GOF gene expression, changes in cellular identity, and organismal-level phenotypes that could contribute to the evolution of novel traits or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Granton A Jindal
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexis T Bantle
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joe J Solvason
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jessica L Grudzien
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Fabian Lim
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sophia H Le
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Benjamin P Song
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michelle F Ragsac
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adam Klie
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Reid O Larsen
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emma K Farley
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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17
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Hayal TB, Doğan A, Şenkal S, Bulut E, Şişli HB, Şahin F. Evaluation of the effect of boron derivatives on cardiac differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127258. [PMID: 37451093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart is one of the first organs to form during embryonic development and has a very important place. So much that the formation of a functional heart is completed on the 55th day of human development and the 15th day of mouse development. Myocardial, endocardial and epicardial cells, which are derived from the mesoderm layer, are the cells that form the basis of the heart. Cardiac development, like other embryonic developments, is tightly controlled and regulated by various signaling pathways. The WNT signaling pathway is the most studied of these signaling pathways and the one with the clearest relationship with heart development. It is known that boron compounds and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are highly correlated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of boron compounds in heart development as well as its effect on pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells for the first time in the literature. METHODS Toxicity of boron compounds was evaluated by using MTS analysis and obtained results were supported by morphological pictures, Trypan Blue staining and Annexin V staining. Additionally, the possible boron-related change in pluripotency of embryonic stem cells were analyzed with alkaline phosphatase activity and immunocytochemical staining of Oct4 protein as well as gene expression levels of pluripotency related OCT4, SOX2 and KLF4 genes. The alterations in the embryonic body formation capacity of mouse embryonic stem cells due to the application boron derivatives were also evaluated. Three linage differentiation was conducted to clarify the real impact of boron compounds on embryonic development. Lastly, cardiac differentiation of mESCs was investigated by using morphological pictures, cytosolic calcium measurement, gene expression and immunocytochemical analysis of cardiac differentiation related genes and in the presence of boron compounds. RESULTS Obtained results show that boron treatment maintains the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells at non-toxic concentrations. Additionally, endodermal, and mesodermal fate was found to be triggered after boron treatment. Also, initiation of cardiomyocyte differentiation by boron derivative treatments caused an increased gene expression levels of cardiac differentiation related TNNT2, Nkx2.5 and ISL-1 gene expression levels. CONCLUSION This study indicates that boron application, which is responsible for maintaining pluripotency of mESCs, can be used for increased cardiomyocyte differentiation of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Bartu Hayal
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey; Current affiliation: Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bulut
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Burcu Şişli
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Mattern J, Gemmell A, Allen PE, Mathers KE, Regnault TR, Stansfield BK. Oral pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) during pregnancy increases cardiomyocyte endowment in spontaneous IUGR guinea pigs. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:321-324. [PMID: 36861270 PMCID: PMC10202840 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) exerts a negative impact on developing cardiomyocytes and emerging evidence suggests activation of oxidative stress pathways plays a key role in this altered development. Here, we provided pregnant guinea pig sows with PQQ, an aromatic tricyclic o-quinone that functions as a redox cofactor antioxidant, during the last half of gestation as a potential antioxidant intervention for IUGR-associated cardiomyopathy. METHODS Pregnant guinea pig sows were randomly assigned to receive PQQ or placebo at mid gestation and fetuses were identified as spontaneous IUGR (spIUGR) or normal growth (NG) near term yielding four cohorts: NG ± PQQ and spIUGR ± PQQ. Cross sections of fetal left and right ventricles were prepared and cardiomyocyte number, collagen deposition, proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (TUNEL) were analyzed. RESULTS Cardiomyocyte endowment was reduced in spIUGR fetal hearts when compared to NG; however, PQQ exerted a positive effect on cardiomyocyte number in spIUGR hearts. Cardiomyocytes undergoing proliferation and apoptosis were more common in spIUGR ventricles when compared with NG animals, which was significantly reduced with PQQ supplementation. Similarly, collagen deposition was increased in spIUGR ventricles and was partially rescued in PQQ-treated spIUGR animals. CONCLUSION The negative influence of spIUGR on cardiomyocyte number, apoptosis, and collagen deposition during parturition can be suppressed by antenatal administration of PQQ to pregnant sows. These data identify a novel therapeutic intervention for irreversible spIUGR-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Mattern
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Gemmell
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Paige E. Allen
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine E. Mathers
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy R.H. Regnault
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Western University, London, ON, Canada and
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Beaulieu D, Treit S, Pagano JJ, Beaulieu C, Thompson R. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Individuals With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023; 2:150-161. [PMID: 37969351 PMCID: PMC10642128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has teratogenic effects on numerous body systems including the heart. However, research magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in humans with PAE have thus far been limited to the brain. This study aims to use MRI to examine heart structure and function, brain volumes, and body composition in children and adolescents with PAE. Methods Heart, brain, and abdominal 3T MRI of 17 children, adolescents, and young adults with PAE and 53 unexposed controls was acquired to measure: (1) left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, cardiac output, longitudinal strain, circumferential strain, and heart mass; (2) total brain, cerebellum, white matter, grey matter, caudate, thalamus, putamen, and globus pallidus volumes; and (3) subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, muscle fat, and muscle (body composition). Results Cardiac MRI revealed no abnormalities in the PAE group on evaluation by a paediatric cardiologist and by statistical comparison with a control group. Cardiac parameters in both groups were in line with previous reports, including expected sex- and age-related differences. Cerebellum, caudate, and globus pallidus volumes were all smaller. Body mass index and subcutaneous fat percent were higher in females with PAE relative to control females, but lower in males with PAE relative to control males. Conclusions Children with PAE did not have abnormalities in MRI-derived measures of cardiac structure or function despite smaller brain volumes and sex-specific differences in body composition relative to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Treit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph J. Pagano
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Salerno N, Panuccio G, Sabatino J, Leo I, Torella M, Sorrentino S, De Rosa S, Torella D. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Tricuspid Valve Development and Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103454. [PMID: 37240563 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tricuspid valve (TV) disease is highly prevalent in the general population. For ages considered "the forgotten valve" because of the predominant interest in left-side valve disease, the TV has now received significant attention in recent years, with significant improvement both in diagnosis and in management of tricuspid disease. TV is characterized by complex anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology, in which the right ventricle plays a fundamental role. Comprehensive knowledge of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TV development, TV disease, and tricuspid regurgitation-related right-ventricle cardiomyopathy is necessary to enhance TV disease understanding to improve the ability to risk stratify TR patients, while also predicting valve dysfunction and/or response to tricuspid regurgitation treatment. Scientific efforts are still needed to eventually decipher the complete picture describing the etiopathogenesis of TV and TV-associated cardiomyopathy, and future advances to this aim may be achieved by combining emerging diagnostic imaging modalities with molecular and cellular studies. Overall, basic science studies could help to streamline a new coherent hypothesis underlying both the development of TV during embryogenesis and TV-associated disease and its complications in adult life, providing the conceptual basis for the ultimate and innovative field of valve repair and regeneration using tissue-engineered heart valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Panuccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jolanda Sabatino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Leo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabato Sorrentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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21
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Bolunduț AC, Lazea C, Mihu CM. Genetic Alterations of Transcription Factors and Signaling Molecules Involved in the Development of Congenital Heart Defects-A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050812. [PMID: 37238360 DOI: 10.3390/children10050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common congenital abnormality, with an overall global birth prevalence of 9.41 per 1000 live births. The etiology of CHDs is complex and still poorly understood. Environmental factors account for about 10% of all cases, while the rest are likely explained by a genetic component that is still under intense research. Transcription factors and signaling molecules are promising candidates for studies regarding the genetic burden of CHDs. The present narrative review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding some of the genetic mechanisms involved in the embryological development of the cardiovascular system. In addition, we reviewed the association between the genetic variation in transcription factors and signaling molecules involved in heart development, including TBX5, GATA4, NKX2-5 and CRELD1, and congenital heart defects, providing insight into the complex pathogenesis of this heterogeneous group of diseases. Further research is needed in order to uncover their downstream targets and the complex network of interactions with non-genetic risk factors for a better molecular-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Cristian Bolunduț
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 1st Pediatrics Clinic, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Department of Histology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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22
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Long X, Yuan X, Du J. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics: Advances in heart development and disease applications. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2717-2731. [PMID: 37181659 PMCID: PMC10173363 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Current transcriptomics technologies, including bulk RNA-seq, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomics (ST), provide novel insights into the spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression during cardiac development and disease processes. Cardiac development is a highly sophisticated process involving the regulation of numerous key genes and signaling pathways at specific anatomical sites and developmental stages. Exploring the cell biological mechanisms involved in cardiogenesis also contributes to congenital heart disease research. Meanwhile, the severity of distinct heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure, is associated with cellular transcriptional heterogeneity and phenotypic alteration. Integrating transcriptomic technologies in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases will aid in advancing precision medicine. In this review, we summarize applications of scRNA-seq and ST in the cardiac field, including organogenesis and clinical diseases, and provide insights into the promise of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in translational research and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Long
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jianlin Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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23
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Chen ZY, Mao SF, Guo LH, Qin J, Yang LX, Liu Y. Effect of maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus on congenital heart diseases. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:303-314. [PMID: 35838899 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing population of diabetes mellitus in adolescent girls and women of childbearing age contributes to a large number of pregnancies with maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus. Congenital heart diseases are a common adverse outcome in mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus. However, there is little systematic information between maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus and congenital heart diseases in the offspring. DATA SOURCES Literature selection was performed in PubMed. One hundred and seven papers were cited in our review, including 36 clinical studies, 26 experimental studies, 31 reviews, eight meta-analysis articles, and six of other types. RESULTS Maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus poses a high risk of congenital heart diseases in the offspring and causes variety of phenotypes of congenital heart diseases. Factors such as persistent maternal hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, polymorphism of uncoupling protein 2, polymorphism of adiponectin gene, Notch 1 pathway, Nkx2.5 disorders, dysregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1, and viral etiologies are associated with the occurrence of congenital heart diseases in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus. Treatment options including blood sugar-reducing, anti-oxidative stress drug supplements and exercise can help to prevent maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus from inducing congenital heart diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our review contributes to a better understanding of the association between maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus and congenital heart diseases in the offspring and to a profound thought of the mechanism, preventive and therapeutic measurements of congenital heart diseases caused by maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Shuang-Fa Mao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Ling-Hong Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Li-Xin Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, 643000, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- Animal Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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24
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Raiola M, Sendra M, Torres M. Imaging Approaches and the Quantitative Analysis of Heart Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:145. [PMID: 37103024 PMCID: PMC10144158 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart morphogenesis is a complex and dynamic process that has captivated researchers for almost a century. This process involves three main stages, during which the heart undergoes growth and folding on itself to form its common chambered shape. However, imaging heart development presents significant challenges due to the rapid and dynamic changes in heart morphology. Researchers have used different model organisms and developed various imaging techniques to obtain high-resolution images of heart development. Advanced imaging techniques have allowed the integration of multiscale live imaging approaches with genetic labeling, enabling the quantitative analysis of cardiac morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the various imaging techniques used to obtain high-resolution images of whole-heart development. We also review the mathematical approaches used to quantify cardiac morphogenesis from 3D and 3D+time images and to model its dynamics at the tissue and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Raiola
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomedica, ETSI de Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Sendra
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Huida J, Ojala T, Ilvesvuo J, Surcel HM, Priest JR, Helle E. Maternal first trimester metabolic profile in pregnancies with transposition of the great arteries. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:517-524. [PMID: 36546574 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher maternal body mass index (BMI) and abnormal glucose metabolism during early pregnancy are associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. METHODS We evaluated the association between maternal first trimester metabolic profile and transposition of the great arteries (TGA) in the offspring in a matched case-control study with 100 TGA mothers and 200 controls born in Finland during 2004-2014. Cases and controls were matched by birth year, child sex, and maternal age and BMI. Serum samples collected between 10- and 14-weeks of gestation were analyzed for 73 metabolic measures. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the risk for TGA in the offspring, and a subgroup analysis among mothers with high BMI was conducted. RESULTS Higher concentrations of four subtypes of extremely large very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and one of large VLDL particles were observed in TGA mothers. This finding did not reach statistical significance after multiple testing correction. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of the all metabolic variables was slightly higher in TGA mothers in the subgroup with maternal BMI over 25 (OR 1.25) and significantly higher in the subgroup with maternal BMI over 30 (OR 1.95) compared to the original population (OR 1.18). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that an abnormal maternal early pregnancy metabolic profile might be associated with TGA in the offspring, especially in obese mothers. A trend indicating altered VLDL subtype composition in TGA pregnancies warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Huida
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Ojala
- Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Ilvesvuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heljä-Marja Surcel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu, Finland
| | - James R Priest
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Emmi Helle
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Paediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Human Heart Morphogenesis: A New Vision Based on In Vivo Labeling and Cell Tracking. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010165. [PMID: 36676114 PMCID: PMC9861877 DOI: 10.3390/life13010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive information available on the different genetic, epigenetic, and molecular features of cardiogenesis, the origin of congenital heart defects remains unknown. Most genetic and molecular studies have been conducted outside the context of the progressive anatomical and histological changes in the embryonic heart, which is one of the reasons for the limited knowledge of the origins of congenital heart diseases. We integrated the findings of descriptive studies on human embryos and experimental studies on chick, rat, and mouse embryos. This research is based on the new dynamic concept of heart development and the existence of two heart fields. The first field corresponds to the straight heart tube, into which splanchnic mesodermal cells from the second heart field are gradually recruited. The overall aim was to create a new vision for the analysis, diagnosis, and regionalized classification of congenital defects of the heart and great arteries. In addition to highlighting the importance of genetic factors in the development of congenital heart disease, this study provides new insights into the composition of the straight heart tube, the processes of twisting and folding, and the fate of the conus in the development of the right ventricle and its outflow tract. The new vision, based on in vivo labeling and cell tracking and enhanced by models such as gastruloids and organoids, has contributed to a better understanding of important errors in cardiac morphogenesis, which may lead to several congenital heart diseases.
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27
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Ameen M, Sundaram L, Shen M, Banerjee A, Kundu S, Nair S, Shcherbina A, Gu M, Wilson KD, Varadarajan A, Vadgama N, Balsubramani A, Wu JC, Engreitz JM, Farh K, Karakikes I, Wang KC, Quertermous T, Greenleaf WJ, Kundaje A. Integrative single-cell analysis of cardiogenesis identifies developmental trajectories and non-coding mutations in congenital heart disease. Cell 2022; 185:4937-4953.e23. [PMID: 36563664 PMCID: PMC10122433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To define the multi-cellular epigenomic and transcriptional landscape of cardiac cellular development, we generated single-cell chromatin accessibility maps of human fetal heart tissues. We identified eight major differentiation trajectories involving primary cardiac cell types, each associated with dynamic transcription factor (TF) activity signatures. We contrasted regulatory landscapes of iPSC-derived cardiac cell types and their in vivo counterparts, which enabled optimization of in vitro differentiation of epicardial cells. Further, we interpreted sequence based deep learning models of cell-type-resolved chromatin accessibility profiles to decipher underlying TF motif lexicons. De novo mutations predicted to affect chromatin accessibility in arterial endothelium were enriched in congenital heart disease (CHD) cases vs. controls. In vitro studies in iPSCs validated the functional impact of identified variation on the predicted developmental cell types. This work thus defines the cell-type-resolved cis-regulatory sequence determinants of heart development and identifies disruption of cell type-specific regulatory elements in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ameen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Illumina Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina Inc, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Laksshman Sundaram
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Illumina Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina Inc, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Mengcheng Shen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Banerjee
- Illumina Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina Inc, Foster City, CA, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soumya Kundu
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Surag Nair
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Avyay Varadarajan
- Department of Computer Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Nirmal Vadgama
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Kyle Farh
- Illumina Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina Inc, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin C Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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28
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Sylvén C, Wärdell E, Månsson-Broberg A, Cingolani E, Ampatzis K, Larsson L, Björklund Å, Giacomello S. High cardiomyocyte diversity in human early prenatal heart development. iScience 2022; 26:105857. [PMID: 36624836 PMCID: PMC9823232 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes play key roles during cardiogenesis, but have poorly understood features, especially in prenatal stages. Here, we characterized human prenatal cardiomyocytes, 6.5-7 weeks post-conception, by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and ligand-receptor interaction information. Using a computational workflow developed to dissect cell type heterogeneity, localize cell types, and explore their molecular interactions, we identified eight types of developing cardiomyocyte, more than double compared to the ones identified in the Human Developmental Cell Atlas. These have high variability in cell cycle activity, mitochondrial content, and connexin gene expression, and are differentially distributed in the ventricles, including outflow tract, and atria, including sinoatrial node. Moreover, cardiomyocyte ligand-receptor crosstalk is mainly with non-cardiomyocyte cell types, encompassing cardiogenesis-related pathways. Thus, early prenatal human cardiomyocytes are highly heterogeneous and develop unique location-dependent properties, with complex ligand-receptor crosstalk. Further elucidation of their developmental dynamics may give rise to new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Sylvén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden,Corresponding author
| | - Eva Wärdell
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Ludvig Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Björklund
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefania Giacomello
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,Corresponding author
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29
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Corno AF, Zhou Z, Uppu SC, Huang S, Marino B, Milewicz DM, Salazar JD. The Secrets of the Frogs Heart. Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 43:1471-1480. [PMID: 35290490 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-02870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The heart of the African clawed frog has a double-inlet and single-outlet ventricle supporting systemic and pulmonary circulations via a truncus, and a lifespan of 25-30 years. We sought to understand the unique cardiac anatomic and physiologic characteristics, with balanced circulation and low metabolic rate, by comparing the basic anatomy structures with focused echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-four adult female African clawed frogs were randomly subjected to anatomic dissection (n = 4), echocardiography (n = 10), and cardiac magnetic resonance (n = 10). All anatomical features were confirmed and compared with echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The main characteristics of the cardiovascular circulation in frogs are the following: Intact interatrial septum, with two separate atrio-ventricular valves, preventing atrial mixing of oxygenated and desaturated blood. Single spongiform ventricular cavity, non-conducive for homogeneous mixing. Single outlet with a valve-like mobile spiral structure, actively streaming into systemic and pulmonary arteries. Intact interatrial septum, spongiform ventricle, and valve-like spiral in the conus arteriosus are likely responsible for balanced systemic and pulmonary circulation in frogs, in spite of double-inlet and single-outlet ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Corno
- Children's Heart Institute, Memorial Hermann Children's Hospital, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.274, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Santosh C Uppu
- Children's Heart Institute, Memorial Hermann Children's Hospital, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.274, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shuning Huang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University La Sapienza, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jorge D Salazar
- Children's Heart Institute, Memorial Hermann Children's Hospital, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.274, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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30
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Asirvatham SJ, van Zyl M, Ali-Ahmed F. Epicardial Targets With Endocardial Ablation: Risks for the Unseen. JACC Case Rep 2022; 4:1176-1179. [PMID: 36213883 PMCID: PMC9537104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2022.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Asirvatham
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Martin van Zyl
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fatima Ali-Ahmed
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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31
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Transcription factor Foxp1 stimulates angiogenesis in adult rats after myocardial infarction. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:381. [PMID: 36088337 PMCID: PMC9464245 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein P1 (FoxP1) is essential for cardiac development and the regulation of neovascularization, but its potential for cardiac angiogenesis has not been explored. This study aims to investigate the angiogenic role of FoxP1 in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Adult male rats were subjected to MI, and Foxp1 was knocked down with lentivirus FoxP1 siRNA. Endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cardiac function were also assessed. Cell scratch assay and tubule formation analysis were used to detect the migration ability and tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Compared with that in the sham group, results showed that the expression of FoxP1 was significantly increased in the MI group. Foxp1 knockdown decreases FoxP1 expression, reduces angiogenesis, and increases collagen deposition. When Foxp1 was knocked down in HUVECs using FoxP1 siRNA lentivirus, cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation abilities decreased significantly. Our study showed that FoxP1 elicits pleiotropic beneficial actions on angiogenesis in the post-MI heart by promoting the proliferation of endothelial cells. FoxP1 should be considered a candidate for therapeutic cardiac angiogenesis.
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32
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Pustovit KB, Samoilova DV, Abramochkin DV, Filatova TS, Kuzmin VS. α1-adrenergic receptors accompanied by GATA4 expression are related to proarrhythmic conduction and automaticity in rat interatrial septum. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:793-805. [PMID: 35802254 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of interatrial septum (IAS) is a complicated process, which continues during postnatal life. The hypertrophic signals in developing heart are mediated among others by α-adrenergic pathways. These facts suggest the presence of specific electrophysiological features in developing IAS. This study was aimed to investigate the electrical activity in the tissue preparations of IAS from rat heart in normal conditions and under stimulation of adrenoreceptors. Intracellular recording of electrical activity revealed less negative level of resting membrane potential in IAS if compared to myocardium of left atrium. In normal conditions, non-paced IAS preparations were quiescent, but noradrenaline (10-5 M) and phenylephrine (10-5 M) induced spontaneous action potentials, which could be abolished by α1-blocker prazosin (10-5 M), but not β1-blocker atenolol (10-5 M). Optical mapping showed drastic phenylephrine-induced slowing of conduction in adult rat IAS. The α1-dependent ectopic automaticity of IAS myocardium might be explained by immunohistochemical data indicating the presence of transcription factor GATA4 and abundant α1A-adrenoreceptors in myocytes from adult rat IAS. An elevated sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation due to involvement of α1-adrenergic pathways may underlie increased proarrhythmic potential of adult IAS at least in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia B Pustovit
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Samoilova
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh., 24, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana S Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3rd Cherepkovskaya, 15a, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
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33
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Shang M, Hu Y, Cao H, Lin Q, Yi N, Zhang J, Gu Y, Yang Y, He S, Lu M, Peng L, Li L. Concordant and Heterogeneity of Single-Cell Transcriptome in Cardiac Development of Human and Mouse. Front Genet 2022; 13:892766. [PMID: 35832197 PMCID: PMC9271823 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.892766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal heart development is vital for maintaining its function, and the development process is involved in complex interactions between different cell lineages. How mammalian hearts develop differently is still not fully understood. In this study, we identified several major types of cardiac cells, including cardiomyocytes (CMs), fibroblasts (FBs), endothelial cells (ECs), ECs/FBs, epicardial cells (EPs), and immune cells (macrophage/monocyte cluster, MACs/MONOs), based on single-cell transcriptome data from embryonic hearts of both human and mouse. Then, species-shared and species-specific marker genes were determined in the same cell type between the two species, and the genes with consistent and different expression patterns were also selected by constructing the developmental trajectories. Through a comparison of the development stage similarity of CMs, FBs, and ECs/FBs between humans and mice, it is revealed that CMs at e9.5 and e10.5 of mice are most similar to those of humans at 7 W and 9 W, respectively. Mouse FBs at e10.5, e13.5, and e14.5 are correspondingly more like the same human cells at 6, 7, and 9 W. Moreover, the e9.5-ECs/FBs of mice are most similar to that of humans at 10W. These results provide a resource for understudying cardiac cell types and the crucial markers able to trace developmental trajectories among the species, which is beneficial for finding suitable mouse models to detect human cardiac physiology and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaming Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Shibei Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Yi
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiong Gu
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu He
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Luying Peng, ; Li Li,
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Luying Peng, ; Li Li,
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Thareja SK, Frommelt MA, Lincoln J, Lough JW, Mitchell ME, Tomita-Mitchell A. A Systematic Review of Ebstein’s Anomaly with Left Ventricular Noncompaction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9040115. [PMID: 35448091 PMCID: PMC9031964 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional definitions of Ebstein’s anomaly (EA) and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), two rare congenital heart defects (CHDs), confine disease to either the right or left heart, respectively. Around 15–29% of patients with EA, which has a prevalence of 1 in 20,000 live births, commonly manifest with LVNC. While individual EA or LVNC literature is extensive, relatively little discussion is devoted to the joint appearance of EA and LVNC (EA/LVNC), which poses a higher risk of poor clinical outcomes. We queried PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science for all peer-reviewed publications from inception to February 2022 that discuss EA/LVNC and found 58 unique articles written in English. Here, we summarize and extrapolate commonalities in clinical and genetic understanding of EA/LVNC to date. We additionally postulate involvement of shared developmental pathways that may lead to this combined disease. Anatomical variation in EA/LVNC encompasses characteristics of both CHDs, including tricuspid valve displacement, right heart dilatation, and left ventricular trabeculation, and dictates clinical presentation in both age and severity. Disease treatment is non-specific, ranging from symptomatic management to invasive surgery. Apart from a few variant associations, mainly in sarcomeric genes MYH7 and TPM1, the genetic etiology and pathogenesis of EA/LVNC remain largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma K. Thareja
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (S.K.T.); (J.W.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Michele A. Frommelt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.A.F.); (J.L.)
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.A.F.); (J.L.)
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John W. Lough
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (S.K.T.); (J.W.L.)
| | - Michael E. Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.A.F.); (J.L.)
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Aoy Tomita-Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.A.F.); (J.L.)
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence:
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Thomas D, de Jesus Perez VA, Sayed N. An evidence appraisal of heart organoids in a dish and commensurability to human heart development in vivo. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:122. [PMID: 35317745 PMCID: PMC8939187 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem-cell derived in vitro cardiac models have provided profound insights into mechanisms in cardiac development and disease. Efficient differentiation of specific cardiac cell types from human pluripotent stem cells using a three-step Wnt signaling modulation has been one of the major discoveries that has enabled personalized cardiovascular disease modeling approaches. Generation of cardiac cell types follow key development stages during embryogenesis, they intuitively are excellent models to study cardiac tissue patterning in primitive cardiac structures. Here, we provide a brief overview of protocols that have laid the foundation for derivation of stem-cell derived three-dimensional cardiac models. Further this article highlights features and utility of the models to distinguish the advantages and trade-offs in modeling embryonic development and disease processes. Finally, we discuss the challenges in improving robustness in the current models and utilizing developmental principles to bring higher physiological relevance. In vitro human cardiac models are complimentary tools that allow mechanistic interrogation in a reductionist way. The unique advantage of utilizing patient specific stem cells and continued improvements in generating reliable organoid mimics of the heart will boost predictive power of these tools in basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Thomas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vinicio A de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- , Stanford, CA, USA.
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Zhao Q, Yan S, Lu J, Parker DJ, Wu H, Sun Q, Crossman DK, Liu S, Wang Q, Sesaki H, Mitra K, Liu K, Jiao K. Drp1 regulates transcription of ribosomal protein genes in embryonic hearts. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274456. [PMID: 35099001 PMCID: PMC8919333 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction causes severe congenital cardiac abnormalities and prenatal/neonatal lethality. The lack of sufficient knowledge regarding how mitochondrial abnormalities affect cardiogenesis poses a major barrier for the development of clinical applications that target mitochondrial deficiency-induced inborn cardiomyopathies. Mitochondrial morphology, which is regulated by fission and fusion, plays a key role in determining mitochondrial activity. Dnm1l encodes a dynamin-related GTPase, Drp1, which is required for mitochondrial fission. To investigate the role of Drp1 in cardiogenesis during the embryonic metabolic shift period, we specifically inactivated Dnm1l in second heart field-derived structures. Mutant cardiomyocytes in the right ventricle (RV) displayed severe defects in mitochondrial morphology, ultrastructure and activity. These defects caused increased cell death, decreased cell survival, disorganized cardiomyocytes and embryonic lethality. By characterizing this model, we reveal an AMPK-SIRT7-GABPB axis that relays the reduced cellular energy level to decrease transcription of ribosomal protein genes in cardiomyocytes. We therefore provide the first genetic evidence in mouse that Drp1 is essential for RV development. Our research provides further mechanistic insight into how mitochondrial dysfunction causes pathological molecular and cellular alterations during cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shun Yan
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Danitra J. Parker
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Huiying Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qianchuang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,Present address: Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1462 Laney Walker Blvd. CA4092, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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37
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The effect of eight weeks of moderate and high intensity aerobic training on the gene expression of Mir-145, Wnt3a and Dab2 in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1597-1604. [PMID: 34900811 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Pathological hypertrophy of heart tissue has been attributed to changes in some microRNAs and their target genes in heart tissue. This study intended to study the effects of eight weeks of moderate and high intensity aerobic training (MIT&HIT) on the mRNA of Mir-145, Wnt3a, and Dab2 in heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods To implement this experimental research, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including Healthy-control (HC), Diabetic-control (DC), Moderate intensity training (MIT), Diabetes-MIT (DMIT), high intensity training (HIT) and Diabetes-HIT (DHIT). The aerobic training was conducted with moderate (50-60% VO2max) and high (85-90% VO2max) intensity, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. The Mir-145, Wnt3a and Dab2 gene expression in the heart tissue samples was measured by Real Time PCR. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at the P < 0.05. Results Moderate and high intensity aerobic training was associated with non-significant increase in Mir-145 mRNA of Heart tissue in type 2 diabetic rats than the diabetic control group(P < 0.05). Moderate and high intensity aerobic training was associated with significant increase in Wnt3a mRNA (P = 0.001) and significant decrease in Dab-2 mRNA (P = 0.001) of Heart tissue in type 2 diabetic rats than the diabetic control group. The Dab-2 mRNA was significantly lower of heart tissue in the diabetes- high intensity training group than the diabetes- moderate intensity training group (P = 0.001). Conclusion It seems that moderate and high intensity aerobic exercise can help regulate the genes of the physiological hypertrophy pathway of the heart tissue in diabetes.
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38
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Tang CSM, Mononen M, Lam WY, Jin SC, Zhuang X, Garcia-Barcelo MM, Lin Q, Yang Y, Sahara M, Eroglu E, Chien KR, Hong H, Tam PK, Gruber PJ. Sequencing of a Chinese tetralogy of fallot cohort reveals clustering mutations in myogenic heart progenitors. JCI Insight 2021; 7:152198. [PMID: 34905512 PMCID: PMC8855809 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic heart defect, yet the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing analysis on 146 nonsyndromic TOF parent-offspring trios of Chinese ethnicity. Comparison of de novo variants and recessive genotypes of this data set with data from a European cohort identified both overlapping and potentially novel gene loci and revealed differential functional enrichment between cohorts. To assess the impact of these mutations on early cardiac development, we integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of early human heart development with our genetic findings. We discovered that the candidate gene expression was enriched in the myogenic progenitors of the cardiac outflow tract. Moreover, subsets of the candidate genes were found in specific gene coexpression modules along the cardiomyocyte differentiation trajectory. These integrative functional analyses help dissect the pathogenesis of TOF, revealing cellular hotspots in early heart development resulting in cardiac malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sze Man Tang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mimmi Mononen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wai-Yee Lam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Xuehan Zhuang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Qiongfen Lin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yujia Yang
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elif Eroglu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haifa Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Kh Tam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Peter J Gruber
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
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Katraki-Pavlou S, Kastana P, Bousis D, Ntenekou D, Varela A, Davos CH, Nikou S, Papadaki E, Tsigkas G, Athanasiadis E, Herradon G, Mikelis CM, Beis D, Papadimitriou E. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor zeta 1 deletion triggers defective heart morphogenesis in mice and zebrafish. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 322:H8-H24. [PMID: 34767486 PMCID: PMC8754060 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00400.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-ζ1 (PTPRZ1) is a transmembrane
tyrosine phosphatase receptor highly expressed in embryonic stem cells. In the
present work, gene expression analyses of Ptprz1−/− and Ptprz1+/+ mice endothelial cells and hearts pointed to
an unidentified role of PTPRZ1 in heart development through the regulation of
heart-specific transcription factor genes. Echocardiography analysis in mice
identified that both systolic and diastolic functions are affected in Ptprz1−/− compared with Ptprz1+/+ hearts, based on a dilated left
ventricular (LV) cavity, decreased ejection fraction and fraction shortening,
and increased angiogenesis in Ptprz1−/−
hearts, with no signs of cardiac hypertrophy. A zebrafish ptprz1−/− knockout was also generated and exhibited
misregulated expression of developmental cardiac markers, bradycardia, and
defective heart morphogenesis characterized by enlarged ventricles and defected
contractility. A selective PTPRZ1 tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor affected
zebrafish heart development and function in a way like what is observed in the
ptprz1−/− zebrafish. The same
inhibitor had no effect in the function of the adult zebrafish heart, suggesting
that PTPRZ1 is not important for the adult heart function, in line with data
from the human cell atlas showing very low to negligible PTPRZ1 expression in
the adult human heart. However, in line with the animal models, Ptprz1 was expressed in many different cell types in
the human fetal heart, such as valvar, fibroblast-like, cardiomyocytes, and
endothelial cells. Collectively, these data suggest that PTPRZ1 regulates
cardiac morphogenesis in a way that subsequently affects heart function and
warrant further studies for the involvement of PTPRZ1 in idiopathic congenital
cardiac pathologies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor
ζ1 (PTPRZ1) is expressed in fetal but not adult heart and seems
to affect heart development. In both mouse and zebrafish animal models, loss of
PTPRZ1 results in dilated left ventricle cavity, decreased ejection fraction,
and fraction shortening, with no signs of cardiac hypertrophy. PTPRZ1 also seems
to be involved in atrioventricular canal specification, outflow tract
morphogenesis, and heart angiogenesis. These results suggest that PTPRZ1 plays a
role in heart development and support the hypothesis that it may be involved in
congenital cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatiki Katraki-Pavlou
- Zebrafish Disease Models Lab, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Kastana
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Bousis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Despoina Ntenekou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Nikou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Grigorios Tsigkas
- Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Gonzalo Herradon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Zebrafish Disease Models Lab, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Greece
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Perez-Miguelsanz J, Jiménez-Ortega V, Cano-Barquilla P, Garaulet M, Esquifino AI, Varela-Moreiras G, Fernández-Mateos P. Early Appearance of Epicardial Adipose Tissue through Human Development. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092906. [PMID: 34578784 PMCID: PMC8469969 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral fat depot with unique anatomic, biomolecular and genetic features. Due to its proximity to the coronary arteries and myocardium, dysfunctional EAT may contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic-related adiposity-based chronic diseases. The aim of this work was to describe, by morphological techniques, the early origin of EAT. Methods: EAT adipogenesis was studied in 41 embryos from 32 gestational days (GD) to 8 gestational weeks (GW) and in 23 fetuses until full term (from 9 to 36 GW). Results: This process comprises five stages. Stage 1 appears as mesenchyme at 33-35 GD. Stage 2 is characterized by angiogenesis at 42-45 GD. Stage 3 covers up to 34 GW with the appearance of small fibers in the extracellular matrix. Stage 4 is visible around the coronary arteries, as multilocular adipocytes in primitive fat lobules, and Stage 5 is present with unilocular adipocytes in the definitive fat lobules. EAT precursor tissue appears as early as the end of the first gestational month in the atrioventricular grooves. Unilocular adipocytes appear at the eighth gestational month. Conclusions: Due to its early origin, plasticity and clinical implications, factors such as maternal health and nutrition might influence EAT early development in consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Perez-Miguelsanz
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28003 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.-O.); (P.C.-B.); (A.I.E.)
| | - Vanesa Jiménez-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28003 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.-O.); (P.C.-B.); (A.I.E.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Cano-Barquilla
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28003 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.-O.); (P.C.-B.); (A.I.E.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Ana I. Esquifino
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28003 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.-O.); (P.C.-B.); (A.I.E.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pilar Fernández-Mateos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28003 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.-O.); (P.C.-B.); (A.I.E.)
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913-947-256
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Every Beat You Take-The Wilms' Tumor Suppressor WT1 and the Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147675. [PMID: 34299295 PMCID: PMC8306835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly three decades ago, the Wilms’ tumor suppressor Wt1 was identified as a crucial regulator of heart development. Wt1 is a zinc finger transcription factor with multiple biological functions, implicated in the development of several organ systems, among them cardiovascular structures. This review summarizes the results from many research groups which allowed to establish a relevant function for Wt1 in cardiac development and disease. During development, Wt1 is involved in fundamental processes as the formation of the epicardium, epicardial epithelial-mesenchymal transition, coronary vessel development, valve formation, organization of the cardiac autonomous nervous system, and formation of the cardiac ventricles. Wt1 is further implicated in cardiac disease and repair in adult life. We summarize here the current knowledge about expression and function of Wt1 in heart development and disease and point out controversies to further stimulate additional research in the areas of cardiac development and pathophysiology. As re-activation of developmental programs is considered as paradigm for regeneration in response to injury, understanding of these processes and the molecules involved therein is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies, which we discuss on the example of WT1.
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Słodowska K, Hołda J, Dudkiewicz D, Malinowska K, Bolechała F, Kopacz P, Koziej M, Hołda MK. Thickness of the left atrial wall surrounding the left atrial appendage orifice. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:2262-2268. [PMID: 34245483 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the thickness of the left atrial wall surrounding the left atrial appendage (LAA) orifice. METHODS AND RESULTS The tissue thickness around the LAA orifice was measured at four points (superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior) in 200 randomly selected autopsied human hearts. The thickest tissue was observed at the anterior point (3.17 ± 1.41 mm), followed by the superior (2.47 ± 1.00 mm), inferior (2.22 ± 0.80 mm) and posterior (2.22 ± 0.83 mm). The chicken wing LAA type was associated with the lowest thickness at the superior point compared to the cauliflower and arrowhead shapes (p = .024). In hearts with an oval LAA orifice, the atrial wall was significantly thicker in all points than in specimens with a round LAA orifice (p > .05). Both the LAA orifice anteroposterior diameter and orifice surface area were negatively correlated with the tissue thickness in the anterior (r = -.22, p = .004 and r = -.23, p = .001) and posterior points (r = -.24, p = .001 and r = -.28, p = .005). Endocardial surface roughness was commonly in the inferior pole of the LAA orifice (75.5% of cases), while they are much less prevalent in other sectors around the orifice (anterior: 17.5%), superior: 4.0%, and posterior: 1.5%). CONCLUSIONS Although a significant heterogeneity in the atrial wall thickness around the LAA orifice was observed, the thickness in the respective points is quite conservative and depends only on LAA orifice size and shape, as well as LAA body shape. Thin atrial wall and endocardial surface roughness might challenge invasive procedures within this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Słodowska
- Department of Anatomy, Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jakub Hołda
- Department of Anatomy, Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Damian Dudkiewicz
- Department of Anatomy, Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karolina Malinowska
- Department of Anatomy, Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Filip Bolechała
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Kopacz
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Koziej
- Department of Anatomy, Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mateusz K Hołda
- Department of Anatomy, Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Saadeh K, Chadda KR, Ahmad S, Valli H, Nanthakumar N, Fazmin IT, Edling CE, Huang CLH, Jeevaratnam K. Molecular basis of ventricular arrhythmogenicity in a Pgc-1α deficient murine model. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 27:100753. [PMID: 33898262 PMCID: PMC8059080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlying metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Murine Pgc-1α-/- hearts replicate disrupted mitochondrial function and model the associated pro-arrhythmic electrophysiological abnormalities. Quantitative PCR, western blotting and histological analysis were used to investigate the molecular basis of the electrophysiological changes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. qPCR analysis implicated downregulation of genes related to Na+-K+ ATPase activity (Atp1b1), surface Ca2+ entry (Cacna1c), action potential repolarisation (Kcnn1), autonomic function (Adra1d, Adcy4, Pde4d, Prkar2a), and morphological properties (Myh6, Tbx3) in murine Pgc-1α-/- ventricles. Western blotting revealed reduced NaV1.5 but normal Cx43 expression. Histological analysis revealed increased tissue fibrosis in the Pgc-1α-/- ventricles. These present findings identify altered transcription amongst a strategically selected set of genes established as encoding proteins involved in cardiac electrophysiological activation and therefore potentially involved in alterations in ventricular activation and Ca2+ homeostasis in arrhythmic substrate associated with Pgc-1α deficiency. They complement and complete previous studies examining such expression characteristics in the atria and ventricles of Pgc-1 deficient murine hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Saadeh
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karan R. Chadda
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Shiraz Ahmad
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- Physiological Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Haseeb Valli
- Physiological Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nakulan Nanthakumar
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School. University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim T. Fazmin
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E. Edling
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher L.-H. Huang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- Physiological Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
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Maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:163-171. [PMID: 34053865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) represent an inexhaustible cell source for in vitro disease modeling, drug discovery and toxicity screening, and potential therapeutic applications. However, currently available differentiation protocols yield populations of hPSC-CMs with an immature phenotype similar to cardiomyocytes in the early fetal heart. In this review, we consider the developmental processes and signaling cues involved in normal human cardiac maturation, as well as how these insights might be applied to the specific maturation of hPSC-CMs. We summarize the state-of-the-art and relative merits of reported hPSC-CM maturation strategies including prolonged duration in culture, metabolic manipulation, treatment with soluble or substrate-based cues, and tissue engineering approaches. Finally, we review the evidence that hPSC-CMs mature after implantation in injured hearts as such in vivo remodeling will likely affect the safety and efficacy of a potential hPSC-based cardiac therapy.
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45
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Rafatian N, Vizely K, Al Asafen H, Korolj A, Radisic M. Drawing Inspiration from Developmental Biology for Cardiac Tissue Engineers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000190. [PMID: 34008910 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A sound understanding of developmental biology is part of the foundation of effective stem cell-derived tissue engineering. Here, the key concepts of cardiac development that are successfully applied in a bioinspired approach to growing engineered cardiac tissues, are reviewed. The native cardiac milieu is studied extensively from embryonic to adult phenotypes, as it provides a resource of factors, mechanisms, and protocols to consider when working toward establishing living tissues in vitro. It begins with the various cell types that constitute the cardiac tissue. It is discussed how myocytes interact with other cell types and their microenvironment and how they change over time from the embryonic to the adult states, with a view on how such changes affect the tissue function and may be used in engineered tissue models. Key embryonic signaling pathways that have been leveraged in the design of culture media and differentiation protocols are presented. The cellular microenvironment, from extracellular matrix chemical and physical properties, to the dynamic mechanical and electrical forces that are exerted on tissues is explored. It is shown that how such microenvironmental factors can inform the design of biomaterials, scaffolds, stimulation bioreactors, and maturation readouts, and suggest considerations for ongoing biomimetic advancement of engineered cardiac tissues and regeneration strategies for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Katrina Vizely
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Hadel Al Asafen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
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46
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George RM, Firulli AB. Epigenetics and Heart Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637996. [PMID: 34026751 PMCID: PMC8136428 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic control of gene expression during cardiac development and disease has been a topic of intense research in recent years. Advances in experimental methods to study DNA accessibility, transcription factor occupancy, and chromatin conformation capture technologies have helped identify regions of chromatin structure that play a role in regulating access of transcription factors to the promoter elements of genes, thereby modulating expression. These chromatin structures facilitate enhancer contacts across large genomic distances and function to insulate genes from cis-regulatory elements that lie outside the boundaries for the gene of interest. Changes in transcription factor occupancy due to changes in chromatin accessibility have been implicated in congenital heart disease. However, the factors controlling this process and their role in changing gene expression during development or disease remain unclear. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the understanding of epigenetic factors controlling cardiac morphogenesis and their role in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani M George
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Herbal Extract from Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Enhances Cardiogenic Differentiation and Improves the Function of Infarcted Rat Hearts. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050422. [PMID: 34063127 PMCID: PMC8148170 DOI: 10.3390/life11050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular disease. In the current study, we aimed to discover herbal extracts from C. pilosula that are capable of improving cardiac function of infarcted hearts to develop a potential therapeutic approach. Methods: A mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell-based model with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter driven by a cardiomyocyte-specific promoter, the α-myosin heavy chain, was constructed to evaluate the cardiogenic activity of herbal extracts. Then, herbal extracts from C. pilosula with cardiogenic activity based on an increase in eGFP expression during ES cell differentiation were further tested in a rat myocardial infarction model with left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation. Cardiac function assessments were performed using echocardiography, 1, 3, and 6 weeks post LAD ligation. Results: The herbal extract 417W from C. pilosula was capable of enhancing cardiogenic differentiation in mouse ES cells in vitro. Echocardiography results in the LAD-ligated rat model revealed significant improvements in the infarcted hearts at least 6 weeks after 417W treatment that were determined based on left ventricle fractional shortening (FS), fractional area contraction (FAC), and ejection fraction (EF). Conclusions: The herbal extract 417W can enhance the cardiogenic differentiation of ES cells and improve the cardiac function of infarcted hearts.
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48
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Faber JW, Hagoort J, Moorman AFM, Christoffels VM, Jensen B. Quantified growth of the human embryonic heart. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio.057059. [PMID: 33495211 PMCID: PMC7888713 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The size and growth patterns of the components of the human embryonic heart have remained largely undefined. To provide these data, three-dimensional heart models were generated from immunohistochemically stained sections of ten human embryonic hearts ranging from Carnegie stage 10 to 23. Fifty-eight key structures were annotated and volumetrically assessed. Sizes of the septal foramina and atrioventricular canal opening were also measured. The heart grows exponentially throughout embryonic development. There was consistently less left than right atrial myocardium, and less right than left ventricular myocardium. We observed a later onset of trabeculation in the left atrium compared to the right. Morphometry showed that the rightward expansion of the atrioventricular canal starts in week 5. The septal foramina are less than 0.1 mm2 and are, therefore, much smaller than postnatal septal defects. This chronological, graphical atlas of the growth patterns of cardiac components in the human embryo provides quantified references for normal heart development. Thereby, this atlas may support early detection of cardiac malformations in the foetus.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeike W Faber
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Hagoort
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon F M Moorman
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjarke Jensen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Yao Y, Marra AN, Yelon D. Pathways Regulating Establishment and Maintenance of Cardiac Chamber Identity in Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:13. [PMID: 33572830 PMCID: PMC7912383 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate heart is comprised of two types of chambers-ventricles and atria-that have unique morphological and physiological properties. Effective cardiac function depends upon the distinct characteristics of ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes, raising interest in the genetic pathways that regulate chamber-specific traits. Chamber identity seems to be specified in the early embryo by signals that establish ventricular and atrial progenitor populations and trigger distinct differentiation pathways. Intriguingly, chamber-specific features appear to require active reinforcement, even after myocardial differentiation is underway, suggesting plasticity of chamber identity within the developing heart. Here, we review the utility of the zebrafish as a model organism for studying the mechanisms that establish and maintain cardiac chamber identity. By combining genetic and embryological approaches, work in zebrafish has revealed multiple players with potent influences on chamber fate specification and commitment. Going forward, analysis of cardiomyocyte identity at the single-cell level is likely to yield a high-resolution understanding of the pathways that link the relevant players together, and these insights will have the potential to inform future strategies in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (Y.Y.); (A.N.M.)
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50
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Liao H, Qi Y, Ye Y, Yue P, Zhang D, Li Y. Mechanotranduction Pathways in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:625089. [PMID: 33553165 PMCID: PMC7858659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.625089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial homeostasis is necessary for the maintenance of normal heart function. Mitochondria perform four major biological processes in cardiomyocytes: mitochondrial dynamics, metabolic regulation, Ca2+ handling, and redox generation. Additionally, the cardiovascular system is quite sensitive in responding to changes in mechanical stress from internal and external environments. Several mechanotransduction pathways are involved in regulating the physiological and pathophysiological status of cardiomyocytes. Typically, the extracellular matrix generates a stress-loading gradient, which can be sensed by sensors located in cellular membranes, including biophysical and biochemical sensors. In subsequent stages, stress stimulation would regulate the transcription of mitochondrial related genes through intracellular transduction pathways. Emerging evidence reveals that mechanotransduction pathways have greatly impacted the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Excessive mechanical stress loading contributes to impairing mitochondrial function, leading to cardiac disorder. Therefore, the concept of restoring mitochondrial function by shutting down the excessive mechanotransduction pathways is a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases. Recently, viral and non-viral protocols have shown potentials in application of gene therapy. This review examines the biological process of mechanotransduction pathways in regulating mitochondrial function in response to mechanical stress during the development of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. We also summarize gene therapy delivery protocols to explore treatments based on mechanical stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, to provide new integrative insights into cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yida Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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