1
|
Chen TT, Kim J, Lam M, Chuang YF, Chiu YL, Lin SC, Jung SH, Kim B, Kim S, Cho C, Shim I, Park S, Ahn Y, Okbay A, Jang H, Kim HJ, Seo SW, Park WY, Ge T, Huang H, Feng YCA, Lin YF, Myung W, Chen CY, Won HH. Shared genetic architectures of educational attainment in East Asian and European populations. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:562-575. [PMID: 38182883 PMCID: PMC10963262 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Educational attainment (EduYears), a heritable trait often used as a proxy for cognitive ability, is associated with various health and social outcomes. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on EduYears have been focused on samples of European (EUR) genetic ancestries. Here we present the first large-scale GWAS of EduYears in people of East Asian (EAS) ancestry (n = 176,400) and conduct a cross-ancestry meta-analysis with EduYears GWAS in people of EUR ancestry (n = 766,345). EduYears showed a high genetic correlation and power-adjusted transferability ratio between EAS and EUR. We also found similar functional enrichment, gene expression enrichment and cross-trait genetic correlations between two populations. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping identified refined credible sets with a higher posterior inclusion probability than single population fine-mapping. Polygenic prediction analysis in four independent EAS and EUR cohorts demonstrated transferability between populations. Our study supports the need for further research on diverse ancestries to increase our understanding of the genetic basis of educational attainment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Chen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Max Lam
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Psychiatry Research, the Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Research Division Institute of Mental Health Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Fang Chuang
- Institute of Public Health and International Health Program, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chin Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beomsu Kim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chamlee Cho
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Injeong Shim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Park
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeeun Ahn
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aysu Okbay
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tian Ge
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yen-Chen Anne Feng
- Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Feng Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health and Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | - Hong-Hee Won
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cognitive Capacity Genome-Wide Polygenic Scores Identify Individuals with Slower Cognitive Decline in Aging. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081320. [PMID: 35893057 PMCID: PMC9331374 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic protective factors for cognitive decline in aging remain unknown. Predicting an individual’s rate of cognitive decline—or with better cognitive resilience—using genetics will allow personalized intervention for cognitive enhancement and the optimal selection of target samples in clinical trials. Here, using genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) of cognitive capacity as the genomic indicators for variations of human intelligence, we analyzed the 18-year records of cognitive and behavioral data of 8511 European-ancestry adults from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), specifically focusing on the cognitive assessments that were repeatedly administered to the participants with their average ages of 64.5 and 71.5. We identified a significant interaction effect between age and cognitive capacity GPS, which indicated that a higher cognitive capacity GPS significantly correlated with a slower cognitive decline in the domain of immediate memory recall (β = 1.86 × 10−1, p-value = 1.79 × 10−3). The additional phenome-wide analyses identified several associations between cognitive capacity GPSs and cognitive/behavioral phenotypes, such as similarities task (β = 1.36, 95% CI = (1.22, 1.51), p-value = 3.59 × 10−74), number series task (β = 0.94, 95% CI = (0.85, 1.04), p-value = 2.55 × 10−78), IQ scores (β = 1.42, 95% CI = (1.32, 1.51), p-value = 7.74 × 10−179), high school classrank (β = 1.86, 95% CI = (1.69, 2.02), p-value = 3.07 × 10−101), Openness from the BIG 5 personality factor (p-value = 2.19 × 10−14, β = 0.57, 95% CI = (0.42, 0.71)), and leisure activity of reading books (β = 0.50, 95% CI = (0.40, 0.60), p-value = 2.03 × 10−21), attending cultural events, such as concerts, plays, or museums (β = 0.60, 95% CI = (0.49, 0.72), p-value = 2.06 × 10−23), and watching TV (β = −0.48, 95% CI = (−0.59, −0.37), p-value = 4.16 × 10−18). As the first phenome-wide analysis of cognitive and behavioral phenotypes, this study presents the novel genetic protective effects of cognitive ability on the decline of memory recall in an aging population.
Collapse
|
3
|
Donati G, Dumontheil I, Pain O, Asbury K, Meaburn EL. Evidence for specificity of polygenic contributions to attainment in English, maths and science during adolescence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3851. [PMID: 33594131 PMCID: PMC7887196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
How well one does at school is predictive of a wide range of important cognitive, socioeconomic, and health outcomes. The last few years have shown marked advancement in our understanding of the genetic contributions to, and correlations with, academic attainment. However, there exists a gap in our understanding of the specificity of genetic associations with performance in academic subjects during adolescence, a critical developmental period. To address this, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children was used to conduct genome-wide association studies of standardised national English (N = 5983), maths (N = 6017) and science (N = 6089) tests. High SNP-based heritabilities (h2SNP) for all subjects were found (41-53%). Further, h2SNP for maths and science remained after removing shared variance between subjects or IQ (N = 3197-5895). One genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphism (rs952964, p = 4.86 × 10-8) and four gene-level associations with science attainment (MEF2C, BRINP1, S100A1 and S100A13) were identified. Rs952964 remained significant after removing the variance shared between academic subjects. The findings highlight the benefits of using environmentally homogeneous samples for genetic analyses and indicate that finer-grained phenotyping will help build more specific biological models of variance in learning processes and abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Donati
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Educational Neuroscience, University of London, London, UK
| | - Iroise Dumontheil
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Educational Neuroscience, University of London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Pain
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Emma L Meaburn
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.
- Centre for Educational Neuroscience, University of London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dunn AR, Hadad N, Neuner SM, Zhang JG, Philip VM, Dumitrescu L, Hohman TJ, Herskowitz JH, O’Connell KMS, Kaczorowski CC. Identifying Mechanisms of Normal Cognitive Aging Using a Novel Mouse Genetic Reference Panel. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:562662. [PMID: 33042997 PMCID: PMC7517308 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.562662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing strategies to maintain cognitive health is critical to quality of life during aging. The basis of healthy cognitive aging is poorly understood; thus, it is difficult to predict who will have normal cognition later in life. Individuals may have higher baseline functioning (cognitive reserve) and others may maintain or even improve with age (cognitive resilience). Understanding the mechanisms underlying cognitive reserve and resilience may hold the key to new therapeutic strategies for maintaining cognitive health. However, reserve and resilience have been inconsistently defined in human studies. Additionally, our understanding of the molecular and cellular bases of these phenomena is poor, compounded by a lack of longitudinal molecular and cognitive data that fully capture the dynamic trajectories of cognitive aging. Here, we used a genetically diverse mouse population (B6-BXDs) to characterize individual differences in cognitive abilities in adulthood and investigate evidence of cognitive reserve and/or resilience in middle-aged mice. We tested cognitive function at two ages (6 months and 14 months) using y-maze and contextual fear conditioning. We observed heritable variation in performance on these traits (h 2 RIx̄ = 0.51-0.74), suggesting moderate to strong genetic control depending on the cognitive domain. Due to the polygenetic nature of cognitive function, we did not find QTLs significantly associated with y-maze, contextual fear acquisition (CFA) or memory, or decline in cognitive function at the genome-wide level. To more precisely interrogate the molecular regulation of variation in these traits, we employed RNA-seq and identified gene networks related to transcription/translation, cellular metabolism, and neuronal function that were associated with working memory, contextual fear memory, and cognitive decline. Using this method, we nominate the Trio gene as a modulator of working memory ability. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework for identifying strains exhibiting cognitive reserve and/or resilience to assess whether these traits can be observed in middle-aged B6-BXDs. Though we found that earlier cognitive reserve evident early in life protects against cognitive impairment later in life, cognitive performance and age-related decline fell along a continuum, with no clear genotypes emerging as exemplars of exceptional reserve or resilience - leading to recommendations for future use of aging mouse populations to understand the nature of cognitive reserve and resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Niran Hadad
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Sarah M. Neuner
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ji-Gang Zhang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jeremy H. Herskowitz
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mustafin RN, Kazantseva AV, Malykh SB, Khusnutdinova EK. Genetic Mechanisms of Cognitive Development. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542007011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Comes AL, Senner F, Budde M, Adorjan K, Anderson-Schmidt H, Andlauer TFM, Gade K, Hake M, Heilbronner U, Kalman JL, Reich-Erkelenz D, Klöhn-Saghatolislam F, Schaupp SK, Schulte EC, Juckel G, Dannlowski U, Schmauß M, Zimmermann J, Reimer J, Reininghaus E, Anghelescu IG, Arolt V, Baune BT, Konrad C, Thiel A, Fallgatter AJ, Nieratschker V, Figge C, von Hagen M, Koller M, Becker T, Wigand ME, Jäger M, Dietrich DE, Stierl S, Scherk H, Spitzer C, Folkerts H, Witt SH, Degenhardt F, Forstner AJ, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Wiltfang J, Falkai P, Schulze TG, Papiol S. The genetic relationship between educational attainment and cognitive performance in major psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:210. [PMID: 31462630 PMCID: PMC6713703 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core feature of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Evidence supports a genome-wide polygenic score (GPS) for educational attainment (GPSEDU) can be used to explain variability in cognitive performance. We aimed to identify different cognitive domains associated with GPSEDU in a transdiagnostic clinical cohort of chronic psychiatric patients with known cognitive deficits. Bipolar and schizophrenia patients from the PsyCourse cohort (N = 730; 43% female) were used. Likewise, we tested whether GPSs for schizophrenia (GPSSZ) and bipolar disorder (GPSBD) were associated with cognitive outcomes. GPSEDU explained 1.5% of variance in the backward verbal digit span, 1.9% in the number of correctly recalled words of the Verbal Learning and Memory Test, and 1.1% in crystallized intelligence. These effects were robust to the influences of treatment and diagnosis. No significant associations between GPSSZ or GPSBD with cognitive outcomes were found. Furthermore, these risk scores did not confound the effect of GPSEDU on cognitive outcomes. GPSEDU explains a small fraction of cognitive performance in adults with psychiatric disorders, specifically for domains related to linguistic learning and working memory. Investigating such a proxy-phenotype longitudinally, could give intriguing insight into the disease course, highlighting at what time genes play a more influential role on cognitive performance. Better understanding the origin of these deficits might help identify those patients at risk for lower levels of functioning and poor social outcomes. Polygenic estimates may in the future be part of predictive models for more personalized interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Comes
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, 80804, Germany.
| | - Fanny Senner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Monika Budde
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Heike Anderson-Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Till F M Andlauer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Katrin Gade
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Maria Hake
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Janos L Kalman
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, 80804, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Daniela Reich-Erkelenz
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Farah Klöhn-Saghatolislam
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Sabrina K Schaupp
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Eva C Schulte
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, Bochum, 44791, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Max Schmauß
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Augsburg, 86156, Germany
| | - Jörg Zimmermann
- Psychiatrieverbund Oldenburger Land gGmbH, Karl-Jaspers-Klinik, Bad Zwischenahn, 26160, Germany
| | - Jens Reimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Eva Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for Bipolar Affective Disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | | | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Carsten Konrad
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum, Rotenburg, 27356, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum, Rotenburg, 27356, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Christian Figge
- Karl-Jaspers Clinic, European Medical School Oldenburg-Groningen, Oldenburg, 26160, Germany
| | - Martin von Hagen
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center Werra-Meißner, Eschwege, 37269, Germany
| | - Manfred Koller
- Asklepios Specialized Hospital, Göttingen, 37081, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Günzburg, 89312, Germany
| | - Moritz E Wigand
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Günzburg, 89312, Germany
| | - Markus Jäger
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Günzburg, 89312, Germany
| | - Detlef E Dietrich
- AMEOS Clinical Center Hildesheim, Hildesheim, 31135, Germany
- Center für Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, Hannover, 30559, Germany
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | | | - Harald Scherk
- AMEOS Clinical Center Osnabrück, Osnabrück, 49088, Germany
| | - Carsten Spitzer
- ASKLEPIOS Specialized Hospital Tiefenbrunn, Rosdorf, 37124, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Here Folkerts
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Clinical Center Wilhelmshaven, Wilhelmshaven, 26389, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68159, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, 35033, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68159, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- iBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kamboh MI, Fan KH, Yan Q, Beer JC, Snitz BE, Wang X, Chang CCH, Demirci FY, Feingold E, Ganguli M. Population-based genome-wide association study of cognitive decline in older adults free of dementia: identification of a novel locus for the attention domain. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:239.e15-239.e24. [PMID: 30954325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To identify novel loci that affect cognitive decline in older adults free of dementia, we conducted genome-wide and gene-based meta-analyses on longitudinal slopes of 5 cognitive domains (memory, executive function, language, attention/processing speed, and visuospatial ability) derived from 2 population-based cohorts. For decline over time in each cognitive domain, we normalized intraindividual slopes within each cohort, accounting for baseline age, sex, and years of education. Normalized slope for each domain was used in cohort-specific genome-wide analyses after including top principal components as covariates followed by genome-wide and gene-based meta-analyses. Both analyses revealed a novel WDFY2 locus at genome-wide (p = 3.37E-08) and gene-wide (p = 7.10E-07) significance levels for the attention/processing speed domain. In the GTEx eQTL analysis, genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism was associated with RNA expression levels of WDFY2 in several brain regions: cerebellar hemisphere (p = 1.07E-04), cerebellum (p = 6.92E-04), hippocampus (p = 2.18E-03) and cortex (p = 2.29E-02), and in whole blood (p = 4.41E-05). Our results suggest that WDFY2 genetic variation may affect individual differences in decline over time on tests of attention/processing speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Kang-Hsien Fan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joanne C Beer
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beth E Snitz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xingbin Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chung-Chou H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - F Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lam M, Lee J, Rapisarda A, See YM, Yang Z, Lee SA, Abdul-Rashid NA, Kraus M, Subramaniam M, Chong SA, Keefe RSE. Longitudinal Cognitive Changes in Young Individuals at Ultrahigh Risk for Psychosis. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:929-939. [PMID: 30046827 PMCID: PMC6142925 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cognitive deficits are a key feature of risk for psychosis. Longitudinal changes in cognitive architecture may be associated with the social and occupational functioning in young people. OBJECTIVES To examine longitudinal profiles of cognition in individuals at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis, compared with healthy controls, and to investigate the association of cognition with functioning. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study has a multiple-group prospective design completed in 24 months and was conducted from January 1, 2009, to November 11, 2012, as part of the Longitudinal Youth at-Risk Study conducted in Singapore. Participants either were recruited from psychiatric outpatient clinics, educational institutions, and community mental health agencies or self-referred. Follow-up assessments were performed every 6 months for 2 years or until conversion to psychosis. Individuals with medical causes for psychosis, current illicit substance use, or color blindness were excluded. Data analysis was conducted from June 2014 to May 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Neuropsychological, perceptual, and social cognitive tasks; semi-structured interviews, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders were administered every 6 months. The UHR status of nonconverters, converters, remitters, and nonremitters was monitored. Cognitive domain scores and functioning were investigated longitudinally. RESULTS In total, 384 healthy controls and 173 UHR individuals between ages 14 and 29 years were evaluated prospectively. Of the 384 healthy controls, 153 (39.8%) were female and 231 (60.2%) were male with a mean (SD) age of 21.69 (3.26) years. Of the 173 individuals at UHR for psychosis, 56 (32.4%) were female and 117 (67.6%) were male with a mean (SD) age of 21.27 (3.52) years). After 24 months of follow-up, 383 healthy controls (99.7%) and 122 individuals at UHR for psychosis (70.5%) remained. Baseline cognitive deficits were associated with psychosis conversion later (mean odds ratio [OR], 1.66; combined 95% CI, 1.08-2.83; P = .04) and nonremission of UHR status (mean OR, 1.67; combined 95% CI, 1.09-2.95; P = .04). Five cognitive components-social cognition, attention, verbal fluency, general cognitive function, and perception-were obtained from principal components analysis. Longitudinal component structure change was observed in general cognitive function (maximum vertical deviation = 0.59; χ2 = 8.03; P = .01). Group-by-time interaction on general cognitive function (F = 12.23; η2 = 0.047; P < .001) and perception (F = 8.33; η2 = 0.032; P < .001) was present. Changes in attention (F = 5.65; η2 = 0.013; P = .02) and general cognitive function (F = 7.18; η2 = 0.014; P = .01) accounted for longitudinal changes in social and occupational functioning. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Individuals in this study who met the UHR criteria appeared to demonstrate cognitive deficits, and those whose UHR status remitted were seen to recover cognitively. Cognition appeared as poor in nonremitters and appeared to be associated with poor functional outcome. This study suggests that cognitive dimensions are sensitive to the identification of young individuals at risk for psychosis and to the longitudinal course of those at highest risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Lam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health,
Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health,
Singapore, Singapore,Department of General Psychiatry 1, Institute of
Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Attilio Rapisarda
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health,
Singapore, Singapore,Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS
Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuen Mei See
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health,
Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zixu Yang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health,
Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sara-Ann Lee
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health,
Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Michael Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke
University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Siow-Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health,
Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard S. E. Keefe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke
University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bitsios P, Karademas E, Mouzaki A, Manolitsis G, Kapellaki O, Diacatou A, Archontaki A, Mamalakis G, Giovazolias T. The Student Counselling Centre at the University of Crete, Greece. BJPsych Int 2017; 14:90-92. [PMID: 29093959 PMCID: PMC5663022 DOI: 10.1192/s2056474000002099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the Student Counselling Centre (SCC) at the University of Crete. The SCS was established in 2003. Its main areas of activity are individual and group psychological support, crisis intervention, research, prevention, volunteering and awareness. Emphasis is also put on the support provided to students with special needs, which is now the second core service of the SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panos Bitsios
- Professor of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece, email
| | - Evangelos Karademas
- Professor of Clinical Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Angeliki Mouzaki
- Assistant Professor of Learning Disabilities, Department of Primary Education, University of Crete, Greece
| | - George Manolitsis
- Associate Professor of Psychopedagogy, Department of Preschool Education, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Ourania Kapellaki
- Psychologist, Student Counselling Centre, University of Crete, Greece
| | | | - Arianna Archontaki
- Special Education Counsellor, Student Counselling Centre, University of Crete, Greece
| | - George Mamalakis
- Psychologist, Student Counselling Centre, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Theodoros Giovazolias
- Associate Professor of Counselling Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bearden CE, Glahn DC. Cognitive genomics: Searching for the genetic roots of neuropsychological functioning. Neuropsychology 2017; 31:1003-1019. [PMID: 29376674 PMCID: PMC5791763 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human cognition has long been known to be under substantial genetic control. With the complete mapping of the human genome, genome-wide association studies for many complex traits have proliferated; however, the highly polygenic nature of intelligence has made the identification of the precise genes that influence both global and specific cognitive abilities more difficult than anticipated. METHOD Here, we review the latest developments in the genomics of cognition, including a discussion of methodological advances in the genetic analysis of complex traits, and shared genetic contributions to cognitive abilities and neuropsychiatric disorders. RESULTS A wealth of twin and family studies have provided compelling evidence for a strong heritable component of both global and specific cognitive abilities, and for the existence of "generalist genes" responsible for a large portion of the variance in diverse cognitive abilities. Increasingly sophisticated analytic tools and ever-larger sample sizes are now facilitating the identification of specific genetic and molecular underpinnings of cognitive abilities, leading to optimism regarding possibilities for novel treatments for illnesses related to cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS We conclude with a set of future directions for the field, which will further accelerate discoveries regarding the biological pathways relevant to cognitive abilities. These, in turn, may be further interrogated in order to link biological mechanisms to behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lam M, Wang M, Huang W, Eng GK, Rapisarda A, Kraus M, Kang S, Keefe RSE, Lee J. Establishing the Brief Assessment of Cognition - Short form. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 93:1-11. [PMID: 28549241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to identify and validate a parsimonious subset of tests in the commonly used Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) that allows the evaluation of global cognitive ability. Several permutations of subtests from the BACS were examined to identify the best subset of tests to compose the short form measure. The Brief Assessment of Cognition-Short Form (BAC-SF) was evaluated for convergent validity in healthy and psychiatric samples (N = 3718). Verbal Memory, Digit Sequencing, and Symbol Coding subtests were found to best summarize the variance of composite scores in both Asian and US Norming samples (r = 0.91) indicating that BAC-SF is an appropriate approximation of cognitive deficits. Test re-test reliability of the BAC-SF was adequate (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.73) and showed sufficient separation between healthy controls and schizophrenia (Average Predictive Accuracy = 79.9%; replication = 76.5%). Findings indicate that the BAC-SF an could be used as a cognitive screener for large-scale clinical and epidemiological studies. The short form does not replace the need for comprehensive neuropsychological batteries purposed for detailed neuropsychological and clinical investigation of cognitive function. Further replication of the construct might be necessary in other clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Lam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore
| | - Wanping Huang
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Goi Khia Eng
- Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Attilio Rapisarda
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore
| | - Michael Kraus
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 8 Duke University Medical Center Greenspace, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Sim Kang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore; General Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore
| | - R S E Keefe
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 8 Duke University Medical Center Greenspace, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore; General Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hagenaars SP, Gale CR, Deary IJ, Harris SE. Cognitive ability and physical health: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2651. [PMID: 28572633 PMCID: PMC5453939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Causes of the association between cognitive ability and health remain unknown, but may reflect a shared genetic aetiology. This study examines the causal genetic associations between cognitive ability and physical health. We carried out two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using the inverse-variance weighted method to test for causality between later life cognitive ability, educational attainment (as a proxy for cognitive ability in youth), BMI, height, systolic blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes using data from six independent GWAS consortia and the UK Biobank sample (N = 112 151). BMI, systolic blood pressure, coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes showed negative associations with cognitive ability; height was positively associated with cognitive ability. The analyses provided no evidence for casual associations from health to cognitive ability. In the other direction, higher educational attainment predicted lower BMI, systolic blood pressure, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, and taller stature. The analyses indicated no causal association from educational attainment to physical health. The lack of evidence for causal associations between cognitive ability, educational attainment, and physical health could be explained by weak instrumental variables, poorly measured outcomes, or the small number of disease cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia P Hagenaars
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Catharine R Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Le Hellard S, Wang Y, Witoelar A, Zuber V, Bettella F, Hugdahl K, Espeseth T, Steen VM, Melle I, Desikan R, Schork AJ, Thompson WK, Dale AM, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA. Identification of Gene Loci That Overlap Between Schizophrenia and Educational Attainment. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:654-664. [PMID: 27338279 PMCID: PMC5463752 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence for genetic overlap between cognitive abilities and schizophrenia (SCZ), and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) demonstrate that both SCZ and general cognitive abilities have a strong polygenic component with many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) each with a small effect. Here we investigated the shared genetic architecture between SCZ and educational attainment, which is regarded as a "proxy phenotype" for cognitive abilities, but may also reflect other traits. We applied a conditional false discovery rate (condFDR) method to GWAS of SCZ (n = 82 315), college completion ("College," n = 95 427), and years of education ("EduYears," n = 101 069). Variants associated with College or EduYears showed enrichment of association with SCZ, demonstrating polygenic overlap. This was confirmed by an increased replication rate in SCZ. By applying a condFDR threshold <0.01, we identified 18 genomic loci associated with SCZ after conditioning on College and 15 loci associated with SCZ after conditioning on EduYears. Ten of these loci overlapped. Using conjunctional FDR, we identified 10 loci shared between SCZ and College, and 29 loci shared between SCZ and EduYears. The majority of these loci had effects in opposite directions. Our results provide evidence for polygenic overlap between SCZ and educational attainment, and identify novel pleiotropic loci. Other studies have reported genetic overlap between SCZ and cognition, or SCZ and educational attainment, with negative correlation. Importantly, our methods enable identification of bi-directional effects, which highlight the complex relationship between SCZ and educational attainment, and support polygenic mechanisms underlying both cognitive dysfunction and creativity in SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;,Multimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA;,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aree Witoelar
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Verena Zuber
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;,NCMM, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- NORMENT, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rahul Desikan
- Multimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA;,Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew J. Schork
- Multimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA;,Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Multimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA;,Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA;,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;,Multimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Trampush JW, Yang MLZ, Yu J, Knowles E, Davies G, Liewald DC, Starr JM, Djurovic S, Melle I, Sundet K, Christoforou A, Reinvang I, DeRosse P, Lundervold AJ, Steen VM, Espeseth T, Räikkönen K, Widen E, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Giegling I, Konte B, Roussos P, Giakoumaki S, Burdick KE, Payton A, Ollier W, Horan M, Chiba-Falek O, Attix DK, Need AC, Cirulli ET, Voineskos AN, Stefanis NC, Avramopoulos D, Hatzimanolis A, Arking DE, Smyrnis N, Bilder RM, Freimer NA, Cannon TD, London E, Poldrack RA, Sabb FW, Congdon E, Conley ED, Scult MA, Dickinson D, Straub RE, Donohoe G, Morris D, Corvin A, Gill M, Hariri AR, Weinberger DR, Pendleton N, Bitsios P, Rujescu D, Lahti J, Le Hellard S, Keller MC, Andreassen OA, Deary IJ, Glahn DC, Malhotra AK, Lencz T. GWAS meta-analysis reveals novel loci and genetic correlates for general cognitive function: a report from the COGENT consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:336-345. [PMID: 28093568 PMCID: PMC5322272 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The complex nature of human cognition has resulted in cognitive genomics lagging behind many other fields in terms of gene discovery using genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods. In an attempt to overcome these barriers, the current study utilized GWAS meta-analysis to examine the association of common genetic variation (~8M single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with minor allele frequency ⩾1%) to general cognitive function in a sample of 35 298 healthy individuals of European ancestry across 24 cohorts in the Cognitive Genomics Consortium (COGENT). In addition, we utilized individual SNP lookups and polygenic score analyses to identify genetic overlap with other relevant neurobehavioral phenotypes. Our primary GWAS meta-analysis identified two novel SNP loci (top SNPs: rs76114856 in the CENPO gene on chromosome 2 and rs6669072 near LOC105378853 on chromosome 1) associated with cognitive performance at the genome-wide significance level (P<5 × 10-8). Gene-based analysis identified an additional three Bonferroni-corrected significant loci at chromosomes 17q21.31, 17p13.1 and 1p13.3. Altogether, common variation across the genome resulted in a conservatively estimated SNP heritability of 21.5% (s.e.=0.01%) for general cognitive function. Integration with prior GWAS of cognitive performance and educational attainment yielded several additional significant loci. Finally, we found robust polygenic correlations between cognitive performance and educational attainment, several psychiatric disorders, birth length/weight and smoking behavior, as well as a novel genetic association to the personality trait of openness. These data provide new insight into the genetics of neurocognitive function with relevance to understanding the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Trampush
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - M L Z Yang
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Yu
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - E Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Liewald
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, Norway,NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Melle
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Sundet
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Christoforou
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - A J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - V M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Espeseth
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - B Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - P Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - S Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - K E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A Payton
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Horan
- Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - O Chiba-Falek
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D K Attix
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E T Cirulli
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N C Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece,University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece,Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - D Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece,University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece,Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - D E Arking
- Department of Psychiatry and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Smyrnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece,University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - R M Bilder
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N A Freimer
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E London
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R A Poldrack
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - F W Sabb
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - E Congdon
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - M A Scult
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Donohoe
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - D Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A R Hariri
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Pendleton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Le Hellard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - T Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hill WD, Davies G, Liewald DC, McIntosh AM, Deary IJ. Age-Dependent Pleiotropy Between General Cognitive Function and Major Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:266-273. [PMID: 26476593 PMCID: PMC4974237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General cognitive function predicts psychiatric illness across the life course. This study examines the role of pleiotropy in explaining the link between cognitive function and psychiatric disorder. METHODS We used two large genome-wide association study data sets on cognitive function-one from older age, n = 53,949, and one from childhood, n = 12,441. We also used genome-wide association study data on educational attainment, n = 95,427, to examine the validity of its use as a proxy phenotype for cognitive function. Using a new method, linkage disequilibrium regression, we derived genetic correlations, free from the confounding of clinical state between psychiatric illness and cognitive function. RESULTS We found a genetic correlation of .711 (p = 2.26e-12) across the life course for general cognitive function. We also showed a positive genetic correlation between autism spectrum disorder and cognitive function in childhood (rg = .360, p = .0009) and for educational attainment (rg = .322, p = 1.37e-5) but not in older age. In schizophrenia, we found a negative genetic correlation between older age cognitive function (rg = -.231, p = 3.81e-12) but not in childhood or for educational attainment. For Alzheimer's disease, we found negative genetic correlations with childhood cognitive function (rg = -.341, p = .001), educational attainment (rg = -.324, p = 1.15e-5), and with older age cognitive function (rg = -.324, p = 1.78e-5). CONCLUSIONS The pleiotropy exhibited between cognitive function and psychiatric disorders changed across the life course. These age-dependent associations might explain why negative selection has not removed variants causally associated with autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W David Hill
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Departments of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Departments of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Departments of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Departments of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Genome-wide association study of cognitive functions and educational attainment in UK Biobank (N=112 151). Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:758-67. [PMID: 27046643 PMCID: PMC4879186 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
People's differences in cognitive functions are partly heritable and are associated with important life outcomes. Previous genome-wide association (GWA) studies of cognitive functions have found evidence for polygenic effects yet, to date, there are few replicated genetic associations. Here we use data from the UK Biobank sample to investigate the genetic contributions to variation in tests of three cognitive functions and in educational attainment. GWA analyses were performed for verbal-numerical reasoning (N=36 035), memory (N=112 067), reaction time (N=111 483) and for the attainment of a college or a university degree (N=111 114). We report genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based associations in 20 genomic regions, and significant gene-based findings in 46 regions. These include findings in the ATXN2, CYP2DG, APBA1 and CADM2 genes. We report replication of these hits in published GWA studies of cognitive function, educational attainment and childhood intelligence. There is also replication, in UK Biobank, of SNP hits reported previously in GWA studies of educational attainment and cognitive function. GCTA-GREML analyses, using common SNPs (minor allele frequency>0.01), indicated significant SNP-based heritabilities of 31% (s.e.m.=1.8%) for verbal-numerical reasoning, 5% (s.e.m.=0.6%) for memory, 11% (s.e.m.=0.6%) for reaction time and 21% (s.e.m.=0.6%) for educational attainment. Polygenic score analyses indicate that up to 5% of the variance in cognitive test scores can be predicted in an independent cohort. The genomic regions identified include several novel loci, some of which have been associated with intracranial volume, neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lyall DM, Cullen B, Allerhand M, Smith DJ, Mackay D, Evans J, Anderson J, Fawns-Ritchie C, McIntosh AM, Deary IJ, Pell JP. Cognitive Test Scores in UK Biobank: Data Reduction in 480,416 Participants and Longitudinal Stability in 20,346 Participants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154222. [PMID: 27110937 PMCID: PMC4844168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UK Biobank includes 502,649 middle- and older-aged adults from the general population who have undergone detailed phenotypic assessment. The majority of participants completed tests of cognitive functioning, and on average four years later a sub-group of N = 20,346 participants repeated most of the assessment. These measures will be used in a range of future studies of health outcomes in this cohort. The format and content of the cognitive tasks were partly novel. The aim of the present study was to validate and characterize the cognitive data: to describe the inter-correlational structure of the cognitive variables at baseline assessment, and the degree of stability in scores across longitudinal assessment. Baseline cognitive data were used to examine the inter-correlational/factor-structure, using principal components analysis (PCA). We also assessed the degree of stability in cognitive scores in the subsample of participants with repeat data. The different tests of cognitive ability showed significant raw inter-correlations in the expected directions. PCA suggested a one-factor solution (eigenvalue = 1.60), which accounted for around 40% of the variance. Scores showed varying levels of stability across time-points (intraclass correlation range = 0.16 to 0.65). UK Biobank cognitive data has the potential to be a significant resource for researchers looking to investigate predictors and modifiers of cognitive abilities and associated health outcomes in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald M. Lyall
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Breda Cullen
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Allerhand
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Mackay
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Evans
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Anderson
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jill P. Pell
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Glahn DC, Knowles EEM, Pearlson GD. Genetics of cognitive control: Implications for Nimh's research domain criteria initiative. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:111-20. [PMID: 26768522 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control refers to a set of mental processes that modulate other cognitive and emotional systems in service of goal-directed adaptive behavior. There is growing support for the notion that cognitive control abnormalities are a central component of many of the neuropsychological deficits observed in individuals with mental illnesses, particularly those with psychotic disorders. NIMH's research domain criteria (RDoC) initiative, which is designed to develop biologically informed constructs to better understand psychopathology, designated cognitive control a construct within the cognitive systems domain. Identification of genes that influence cognitive control or its supportive brain systems will improve our understating of the RDoC construct and provide candidate genes for psychotic disorders. We examine evidence for cognitive control deficits in psychosis, determine if these measures could be useful endophenotypes, and explore work linking genetic variation to cognitive control performance. While there is a wealth of evidence to support the notion the cognitive control is a valid endophenotype for psychosis, its genetic underpinning remains ill characterized. However, existing work provides a promising foundation on which future endeavors might build. Confirming existing individual gene associations will go some way to expanding our understanding of the genetics of cognitive control, and by extension, psychotic disorders. Yet, to truly understand the molecular underpinnings of such complex traits, it may be necessary to evaluate genes in tandem, focusing not on single genes but rather on empirically derived gene sets or on functionally defined networks of genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Trampush JW, Lencz T, DeRosse P, John M, Gallego JA, Petrides G, Hassoun Y, Zhang JP, Addington J, Kellner CH, Tohen M, Burdick KE, Goldberg TE, Kane JM, Robinson DG, Malhotra AK. Relationship of Cognition to Clinical Response in First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:1237-47. [PMID: 26409223 PMCID: PMC4601719 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
First-episode schizophrenia (FES) spectrum disorders are associated with pronounced cognitive dysfunction across all domains. However, less is known about the course of cognitive functioning, following the first presentation of psychosis, and the relationship of cognition to clinical course during initial treatment. The present longitudinal study examined the magnitude of neurocognitive impairment, using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, in patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis at baseline and after 12 weeks of randomized antipsychotic treatment with either aripiprazole or risperidone. At baseline, FES patients evidenced marked impairments in cognitive functioning. Notably, performance on the mazes task of planning and reasoning significantly predicted the likelihood of meeting stringent criteria for positive symptom remission during the first 12 weeks of the trial. Performance on indices of general cognitive function, working memory, and verbal learning improved over time, but these improvements were mediated by improvements in both positive and negative symptoms. We did not detect any differential effects of antipsychotic medication assignment (aripiprazole vs risperidone) on cognitive functioning. Our results suggest that a brief paper-and-pencil measure reflecting planning/reasoning abilities may index responsivity to antipsychotic medication. However, improvements in cognitive functioning over time were related to clinical symptom improvement, reflecting "pseudospecificity."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joey W. Trampush
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed; Zucker Hillside Hospital, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, US; tel: 718-470-5379, fax: 718-343-1659, e-mail:
| | | | - Pamela DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY;,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY
| | - Majnu John
- Department of Mathematics, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY
| | | | | | - Youssef Hassoun
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY
| | | | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Charles H. Kellner
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mauricio Tohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Terry E. Goldberg
- Litwin Zucker Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
A review of intelligence GWAS hits: Their relationship to country IQ and the issue of spatial autocorrelation. INTELLIGENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|