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Qi H, Liu R, Dong CC, Zhu XQ, Feng Y, Wang HN, Li L, Chen F, Wang G, Yan F. Identifying influencing factors of metabolic syndrome in patients with major depressive disorder: A real-world study with Bayesian network modeling. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:308-316. [PMID: 38971193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bidirectional relationships between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and major depressive disorder (MDD) were discovered, but the influencing factors of the comorbidity were barely investigated. We aimed to fully explore the factors and their associations with MetS in MDD patients. METHODS The data were retrieved from the electronic medical records of a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Beijing from 2016 to 2021. The influencing factors were firstly explored by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regressions. The propensity score matching was used to reduce the selection bias of participants. Then, the Bayesian networks (BNs) with hill-climbing algorithm and maximum likelihood estimation were preformed to explore the relationships between influencing factors with MetS in MDD patients. RESULTS Totally, 4126 eligible subjects were included in the data analysis. The proportion rate of MetS was 32.6 % (95 % CI: 31.2 %-34.1 %). The multivariate logistic regression suggested that recurrent depression, uric acid, duration of depression, marriage, education, number of hospitalizations were significantly associated with MetS. In the BNs, number of hospitalizations and uric acid were directly connected with MetS. Recurrent depression and family history psychiatric diseases were indirectly connected with MetS. The conditional probability of MetS in MDD patients with family history of psychiatric diseases, recurrent depression and two or more times of hospitalizations was 37.6 %. CONCLUSION Using the BNs, we found that number of hospitalizations, recurrent depression and family history of psychiatric diseases contributed to the probability of MetS, which could help to make health strategies for specific MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Quan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ning Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Graduate School of Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fang Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Vijayalakshmi U, Padmavati R, Raghavan V, Chandrasekaran S, Mohan G, Durairaj J, Currie G, Lilford R, Furtado V, Madan J, Birchwood M, Meyer C, Sood M, Chadda R, Mohan M, Shah J, John S, Iyer SN, Thara R, Singh S. Designing and implementing a physical exercise intervention for people with first episode psychosis using experience-based co-design: A pilot study from Chennai, India. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 97:104072. [PMID: 38815437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise can improve outcomes for people with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Co-designing physical exercise interventions with end users has the potential to enhance their acceptability, feasibility, and long-term viability. This study's objective was to use experience-based co-design (EBCD) methodology to develop a physical exercise intervention for FEP, and pilot test it. METHODS The study was conducted at the Schizophrenia Research Foundation's FEP program in Chennai, India. Participants(N=36) were individuals with FEP and their caregivers, mental health professionals (MHPs, and physical training experts. EBCD methodology included one-to-one interviews, focus group discussions, joint conferences, and co-design workshops. Two instructional videos were developed. Twelve FEP patients engaged in physical exercise with help of the videos over three months. They were followed up through weekly phone calls and in-person interviews to capture data on regularity, frequency, location of exercise, and comfort levels. RESULTS Several touch points emerged from the interviews, focus groups, and joint meetings including lack of motivation, knowledge about physical exercise; differing perspectives about physical exercise; limited resource, and time constraints. Two instructional videos demonstrating activities for participants incorporated strategies that addressed these touch points. Pilot data indicated that participants engaged with the physical exercise intervention over 3 months. CONCLUSION This was the first study to use co-design methodology to design a physical exercise intervention for first-episode psychosis. The intervention may have therefore been responsive to stakeholder needs and preferences. Results of this study highlight the potential of co-design in designing and adapting interventions. There is need for rigorous testing with larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Vijayalakshmi
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - R Padmavati
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India.
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Sangeetha Chandrasekaran
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Greeshma Mohan
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Jothilakshmi Durairaj
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Graeme Currie
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Richard Lilford
- Institution of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vivek Furtado
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jason Madan
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Maximilian Birchwood
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Caroline Meyer
- WMG and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mamta Sood
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Chadda
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohapradeep Mohan
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jai Shah
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sujit John
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R Thara
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, R/7A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar West Extension, Chennai, India
| | - Swaran Singh
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Conventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, UK
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Sánchez-Ortí JV, Correa-Ghisays P, Balanzá-Martínez V, Macías Saint-Gerons D, Berenguer-Pascual E, Romá-Mateo C, Victor VM, Forés-Martos J, San-Martin C, Selva-Vera G, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Systemic inflammation, oxidative damage and neurocognition predict telomere length in a transdiagnostic sample stratified by global DNA methylation levels. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13159. [PMID: 38849401 PMCID: PMC11161596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and psychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that molecular pathways and neurocognitive performance regulate epigenetic dynamics in these disorders. The current combined and transdiagnostic study investigated whether inflammatory, oxidative stress, adhesion molecule, neurocognitive and functional performance are significant predictors of telomere dynamics in a sample stratified by global DNA methylation levels. Peripheral blood inflammation, oxidative stress and adhesion molecule biomarkers and neurocognitive function were assessed twice over a 1-year period in 80 individuals, including 16 with schizophrenia (SZ), 16 with bipolar disorder (BD), 16 with major depressive disorder (MDD), 15 with T2DM, and 17 healthy controls (HCs). Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured by qRT-PCR using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from peripheral blood samples. A posteriori, individuals were classified based on their global methylation score (GMS) at baseline into two groups: the below-average methylation (BM) and above-average methylation (AM) groups. Hierarchical and k-means clustering methods, mixed one-way analysis of variance and linear regression analyses were performed. Overall, the BM group showed a significantly higher leukocyte telomere length (LTL) than the AM group at both time points (p = 0.02; η2p = 0.06). Moreover, the BM group had significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (p = 0.03; η2p = 0.06) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.03; η2p = 0.06) than the AM group at the 1-year follow-up. Across all participants, the regression models showed that oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species [ROS]) (p = 0.04) and global cognitive score [GCS] (p = 0.02) were significantly negatively associated with LTL, whereas inflammatory (TNF-α) (p = 0.04), adhesion molecule biomarkers (inter cellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]) (p = 0.009), and intelligence quotient [IQ] (p = 0.03) were significantly positively associated with LTL. Moreover, the model predictive power was increased when tested in both groups separately, explaining 15.8% and 28.1% of the LTL variance at the 1-year follow-up for the AM and BM groups, respectively. Heterogeneous DNA methylation in individuals with T2DM and severe mental disorders seems to support the hypothesis that epigenetic dysregulation occurs in a transdiagnostic manner. Our results may help to elucidate the interplay between epigenetics, molecular processes and neurocognitive function in these disorders. DNA methylation and LTL are potential therapeutic targets for transdiagnostic interventions to decrease the risk of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Vicent Sánchez-Ortí
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Correa-Ghisays
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
- VALSME (VALencia Salut Mental i Estigma), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Diego Macías Saint-Gerons
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Romá-Mateo
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Health Institute, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor M Victor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaume Forés-Martos
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza San-Martin
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Selva-Vera
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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4
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Baenas I, Camacho-Barcia L, Granero R, Razquin C, Corella D, Gómez-Martínez C, Castañer-Niño O, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem JL, Cano-Ibáñez N, Tur JA, Martín-Sánchez V, Pintó X, Gaforio JJ, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Jiménez-Murcia S, Dalsgaard S, Garcia-Arellano A, Babio N, Sorli JV, Lassale C, García-de-la-Hera M, Gómez-García E, Zulet MA, Konieczna J, Martín-Peláez S, Tojal-Sierra L, Basterra-Gortari FJ, de Las Heras-Delgado S, Portoles O, Muñoz-Pérez MÁ, Arenas-Larriva AP, Compañ-Gabucio L, Eguaras S, Shyam S, Fitó M, Baños RM, Salas-Salvadó J, Fernández-Aranda F. Association between type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms after a 1-year follow-up in an older adult Mediterranean population. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1405-1418. [PMID: 38218741 PMCID: PMC11142971 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the cross-sectional association between baseline depressive symptoms and the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its association with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other metabolic variables, and the prospective association of depressive symptoms and HbA1c after 1 year of follow-up. METHODS n = 6224 Mediterranean older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (48% females, mean age 64.9 ± 4.9 years) were evaluated in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and HbA1c was used to measure metabolic control. RESULTS The presence of T2D increased the likelihood of higher levels of depressive symptoms (χ2 = 15.84, p = 0.001). Polynomial contrast revealed a positive linear relationship (χ2 = 13.49, p = 0.001), the higher the depressive symptoms levels, the higher the prevalence of T2D. Longitudinal analyses showed that the higher baseline depressive symptoms levels, the higher the likelihood of being within the HbA1c ≥ 7% at 1-year level (Wald-χ2 = 24.06, df = 3, p < .001, for the full adjusted model). Additionally, depressive levels at baseline and duration of T2D predicted higher HbA1c and body mass index, and lower physical activity and adherence to Mediterranean Diet at 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study supports an association between T2D and the severity of depressive symptoms, suggesting a worse metabolic control from mild severity levels in the short-medium term, influenced by lifestyle habits related to diabetes care. Screening for depressive symptoms and a multidisciplinary integrative therapeutic approach should be ensured in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Baenas
- Eating Disorders Unit, Clinical Psychology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Camacho-Barcia
- Eating Disorders Unit, Clinical Psychology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Granero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Department de Psicobiologia I Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Razquin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - D Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Gómez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit ANUT-DSM, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Reus, Spain
| | - O Castañer-Niño
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Á M Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01009, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Málaga, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - J Vioque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - D Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, 07120, Palma, Spain
| | - J López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - R Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F J Tinahones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, University of Málaga, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - J Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - J L Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - N Cano-Ibáñez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (IBS.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - J A Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - V Martín-Sánchez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - X Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Universidad de Barcelona, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J J Gaforio
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Olivar y Aceites de Oliva, Universidad de Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - P Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Vidal
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Institut d` Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD. University Autonoma, 28024, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Daimiel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Lipid Clinic, Hospital Clínic, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Murcia
- Eating Disorders Unit, Clinical Psychology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Dalsgaard
- NCRR-National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH-The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, 8210, Aarhus, Denmark
- CIRRAU-Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Garcia-Arellano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - N Babio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit ANUT-DSM, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Reus, Spain
| | - J V Sorli
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Lassale
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M García-de-la-Hera
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - E Gómez-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Málaga, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - M A Zulet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Konieczna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, 07120, Palma, Spain
| | - S Martín-Peláez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - L Tojal-Sierra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01009, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - F J Basterra-Gortari
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S de Las Heras-Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit ANUT-DSM, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Reus, Spain
| | - O Portoles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Á Muñoz-Pérez
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca en Atenció Primaria de Barcelona. IDIAP Jordi Gol. Primary Care Division, Institut Català de La Salut, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A P Arenas-Larriva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - L Compañ-Gabucio
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - S Eguaras
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Shyam
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit ANUT-DSM, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Reus, Spain
| | - M Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R M Baños
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment of the University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Human Nutrition Unit ANUT-DSM, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Reus, Spain.
| | - F Fernández-Aranda
- Eating Disorders Unit, Clinical Psychology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Zhang Y, Bharadhwaj VS, Kodamullil AT, Herrmann C. A network of transcriptomic signatures identifies novel comorbidity mechanisms between schizophrenia and somatic disorders. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 4:11. [PMID: 38573526 PMCID: PMC10994898 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The clinical burden of mental illness, in particular schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are driven by frequent chronic courses and increased mortality, as well as the risk for comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Evidence suggests an overlap of molecular pathways between psychotic disorders and somatic comorbidities. In this study, we developed a computational framework to perform comorbidity modeling via an improved integrative unsupervised machine learning approach based on multi-rank non-negative matrix factorization (mrNMF). Using this procedure, we extracted molecular signatures potentially explaining shared comorbidity mechanisms. For this, 27 case-control microarray transcriptomic datasets across multiple tissues were collected, covering three main categories of conditions including psychotic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. We addressed the limitation of normal NMF for parameter selection by introducing multi-rank ensembled NMF to identify signatures under various hierarchical levels simultaneously. Analysis of comorbidity signature pairs was performed to identify several potential mechanisms involving activation of inflammatory response auxiliarily interconnecting angiogenesis, oxidative response and GABAergic neuro-action. Overall, we proposed a general cross-cohorts computing workflow for investigating the comorbid pattern across multiple symptoms, applied it to the real-data comorbidity study on schizophrenia, and further discussed the potential for future application of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcheng Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) & BioQuant, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vinay S Bharadhwaj
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), 53757, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Alpha T Kodamullil
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), 53757, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Carl Herrmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) & BioQuant, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Rizwan MZ, Kamstra K, Pretz D, Shepherd PR, Tups A, Grattan DR. Conditional Deletion of β-Catenin in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus Impairs Adaptive Energy Expenditure in Response to High-Fat Diet and Exacerbates Diet-Induced Obesity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1666232024. [PMID: 38395612 PMCID: PMC10993030 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1666-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a bifunctional molecule that is an effector of the wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling to control gene expression and contributes to the regulation of cytoskeleton and neurotransmitter vesicle trafficking. In its former role, β-catenin binds transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), which shows strong genetic associations with the pathogenesis of obesity and type-2 diabetes. Here, we sought to determine whether β-catenin plays a role in the neuroendocrine regulation of body weight and glucose homeostasis. Bilateral injections of adeno-associated virus type-2 (AAV2)-mCherry-Cre were placed into the arcuate nucleus of adult male and female β-catenin flox mice, to specifically delete β-catenin expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH-β-cat KO). Metabolic parameters were then monitored under conditions of low-fat (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD). On LFD, MBH-β-cat KO mice showed minimal metabolic disturbances, but on HFD, despite having only a small difference in weekly caloric intake, the MBH-β-cat KO mice were significantly heavier than the control mice in both sexes (p < 0.05). This deficit seemed to be due to a failure to show an adaptive increase in energy expenditure seen in controls, which served to offset the increased calories by HFD. Both male and female MBH-β-cat KO mice were highly glucose intolerant when on HFD and displayed a significant reduction in both leptin and insulin sensitivity compared with controls. This study highlights a critical role for β-catenin in the hypothalamic circuits regulating body weight and glucose homeostasis and reveals potential mechanisms by which genetic variation in this pathway could impact on development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Rizwan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kaj Kamstra
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Dominik Pretz
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Tups
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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7
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Ma K, Zhou T, Pu C, Cheng Z, Han X, Yang L, Yu X. The Bidirectional Relationship between Weight Gain and Cognitive Function in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal Study in China. Brain Sci 2024; 14:310. [PMID: 38671962 PMCID: PMC11048552 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia often encounter notable weight gain during their illness, heightening the risk of metabolic diseases. While previous studies have noted a correlation between obesity and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, many were cross-sectional, posing challenges in establishing a causal relationship between weight gain and cognitive function. The aim of this longitudinal study is to examine the relationship between weight gain and cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) during the initial 6-month antipsychotic treatments. Employing linear and logistic regression analyses, the study involved 337 participants. Significantly, baseline scores in processing speed (OR = 0.834, p = 0.007), working memory and attention (OR = 0.889, p = 0.043), and executive function (OR = 0.862, p = 0.006) were associated with clinically relevant weight gain (CRW, defined as an increase in body weight > 7%) at the 6-month endpoint. On the other hand, CRW correlated with improvements in the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (p = 0.037). These findings suggest that patients with lower baseline cognitive performance undergo more substantial weight gain. Conversely, weight gain was correlated with cognitive improvements, particularly in the domain of visual learning and memory. This suggested a potential bidirectional relationship between weight gain and cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Tianhang Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chengcheng Pu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Han
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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8
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Huang TY, Chen LC, Li XP, Li WH, Xu SX, Nagy C, Ibrahim P, Nie ZW, Yang NY, Zeng L, Huang HW, Turecki G, Xie XH. Elevated triglycerides and low triiodothyronine: Key risk factors for coronary artery calcification in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:113-121. [PMID: 38128342 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a well-established independent predictor of coronary heart disease, and patients with schizophrenia have significantly higher rates compared to the general population. We performed this study to examine the population-specific risk factors associated with CAC in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients with schizophrenia who underwent low-dose chest CT scans between January 2020 and December 2021 were analyzed. Ordinary CAC scores and results of routine blood tests were obtained. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for potential risk factors in patients with and without CAC, while the negative binomial additive model was used to explore the dose-response relationship between risk factors and CAC score. RESULTS Of the 916 patients, 233 (25.4 %) had CAC, while 683 (74.6 %) did not. After adjusting for confounding factors, higher triglyceride levels (OR = 1.20, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.04 to 1.38, p = 0.013) and low triiodothyronine levels (OR = 0.50, 95 % CI: 0.29 to 0.84; p = 0.010) were identified as risk factors for CAC. Both triglycerides (p = 0.021) and triiodothyronine (p = 0.010) were also found to have significant dose-response relationships with CAC scores according to the negative binomial additive model in the exploratory analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights elevated serum triglycerides and decreased triiodothyronine levels as population-specific risk factors for CAC in patients with schizophrenia, suggest the need for close monitoring of CAC in patients with schizophrenia and further prospective trials to provide additional evidence on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Yu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, China
| | - Li-Chang Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, China
| | - Wu-Hao Li
- Department of Radiology, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, China
| | - Shu-Xian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Corina Nagy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhao-Wen Nie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nai-Yan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, China
| | - Lun Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, China
| | - Hua-Wei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, China
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xin-Hui Xie
- Brain Function and Psychosomatic Medicine Institute, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Christie J, Anthony CM, Harish M, Mudartha D, Ud Din Farooqee SB, Venkatraman P. The interaction network of the proteasome assembly chaperone PSMD9 regulates proteostasis. FEBS J 2023; 290:5581-5604. [PMID: 37665644 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional networks in cells are created by physical, genetic, and regulatory interactions. Mapping them and annotating their functions by available methods remains a challenge. We use affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) coupled with SLiMFinder to discern such a network involving 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 (PSMD9), a chaperone of proteasome assembly. Approximately 20% of proteins within the PSMD9 interactome carry a short linear motif (SLiM) of the type 'EXKK'. The binding of purified PSMD9 with the peptide sequence ERKK, proteins heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1; containing ERKK), and peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6; containing EAKK) provided proof of principle for this motif-driven network. The EXKK motif in the peptide primarily interacts with the coiled-coil N domain of PSMD9, a unique interaction not reported for any coiled-coil domain. PSMD9 knockout (KO) HEK293 cells experience endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and respond by increasing the unfolded protein response (UPR) and reducing the formation of aggresomes and lipid droplets. Trans-expression of PSMD9 in the KO cells rescues lipid droplet formation. Overexpression of PSMD9 in HEK293 cells results in reduced UPR, and increased lipid droplet and aggresome formation. The outcome argues for the prominent role of PSMD9 in maintaining proteostasis. Probable mechanisms involve the binding of PSMD9 to binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP/GRP78; containing EDKK), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone and key regulator of the UPR, and fatty acid synthase (FASN; containing ELKK), involved in fatty acid synthesis/lipid biogenesis. We propose that PSMD9 acts as a buffer in the cellular milieu by moderating the UPR and enhancing aggresome formation to reduce stress-induced proteotoxicity. Akin to waves created in ponds that perpetuate to a distance, perturbing the levels of PSMD9 would cause ripples down the networks, affecting final reactions in the pathway, one of which is altered proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Christie
- Protein Interactome Lab for Structural and Functional Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - C Merlyn Anthony
- Protein Interactome Lab for Structural and Functional Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Mahalakshmi Harish
- Protein Interactome Lab for Structural and Functional Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepti Mudartha
- Protein Interactome Lab for Structural and Functional Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sheikh Burhan Ud Din Farooqee
- Protein Interactome Lab for Structural and Functional Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prasanna Venkatraman
- Protein Interactome Lab for Structural and Functional Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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10
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Zhu Q, Jiang G, Lang X, Zhang J, Fu Z, Zhang P, Zheng Y, Zhang XY. Prevalence and clinical correlates of thyroid dysfunction in first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients with metabolic syndrome. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:35-41. [PMID: 37633524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the relative factors of thyroid dysfunction in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with Metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to explore the prevalence and related factors associated with thyroid dysfunction in drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients with MetS. METHODS 1718 FEDN MDD patients were recruited and their demographic data, clinical data were collected. Various biochemical indicators including fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids and thyroid hormones were measured. The 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17), 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA-14) and positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess clinical symptoms. RESULTS Among FEDN MDD patients, MetS was an independent risk factor for TSH abnormality (P < 0.001, Adjusted OR = 3.77, 95%CI: 2.82-5.05). In patients with MetS, those with TSH abnormality had significantly longer duration of illness, higher HAMD, HAMA, and PANSS positive subscale scores, higher levels of TC, LDL-C, blood glucose, pressure, lower levels of HDL-C, and a higher probability of suicide attempt (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS MetS is significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction in patients with FEDN MDD. Related factors for thyroid dysfunction include a number of clinical indicators and psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfeng Zhu
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiaoE Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengchuang Fu
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Abu-Zaid A, Gari A, Alsharif SA, Alshahrani MS, Khadawardi K, Ahmed AM, Baradwan A, Bukhari IA, Alyousef A, Alharbi FS, Saleh SAK, Adly HM, Abuzaid M, Baradwan S. Exploring the impact of chronic medical conditions on maternal mental health: A National Inpatient Sample analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 289:42-47. [PMID: 37632994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy and postpartum period are associated with stress and pain. Chronic medical conditions can aggravate depressive and psychotic mental illnesses in the peripartum period. AIM The study aimed to investigate the association between different chronic medical conditions and mental illnesses during pregnancy and the postpartum period using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). METHODS Pregnant women or women in the postpartum period were retrieved from the NIS 2016-2019 database using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 and set as our targeted population. Postpartum depression, puerperal psychosis, and mental illnesses related to pregnancy were also retrieved as our outcomes of interest. STATA 15 was used to analyze the data and investigate the relationship between chronic medical conditions and pregnancy-related mental illnesses. RESULTS 2,854,149 admissions were retrieved from the database with a mean age of 29 ± 6 years old. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed a significant association between chronic medical conditions and postpartum depression, puerperal psychosis, and other mental illnesses. On univariate analysis, heart failure (odds ratio [OR] = 13.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.5-55.88; P < 0.001), alcohol misuse (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 1.7-16.4; P = 0.004), and migraine (OR = 3.9; 95% CI = 2.8-5.3; P < 0.001) showed high association with postpartum depression. Epilepsy (OR = 54.37; 95% CI = 7.4-399.34; P < 0.001), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 24.66; 95% CI = 3.36-181.1; P = 0.002), and heart diseases (OR = 15.26; 95% CI = 3.6-64.5; P < 0.001) showed the highest association with puerperium psychosis. Alcohol misuse (OR = 8.21; 95% CI = 7.4-9.12; P < 0.001), osteoarthritis (OR = 6.02; 95% CI = 5.41-6.70; P < 0.001), and migraine (OR = 5.71; 95% CI = 5.56-5.86; P < 0.001) showed the highest association with other mental illnesses during pregnancy and the postpartum period. CONCLUSION Heart diseases, alcohol misuse, migraine, systemic lupus erythematosus, and epilepsy were the most important chronic medical conditions associated with mental diseases during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This investigation recommends integrating management of chronic diseases and mental health care together. Specifically, screening for mental illnesses should be a routine part of care for patients with chronic medical conditions, especially during pregnancy and early postpartum. By identifying and addressing mental health issues early on, healthcare providers can improve the overall health and well-being of these patients, ultimately leading to better maternal and fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahim Gari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Abdullah Alsharif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Khadawardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albagir Mahdi Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Baradwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mediclinic Almurjan Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtihal Abdulaziz Bukhari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saleh A K Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Adly
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abuzaid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Muhayil General Hospital, Muhayil, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Baradwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Tang Z, Zhen Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Ma J. Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in first hospitalization for major depression disorder patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15496. [PMID: 37726320 PMCID: PMC10509172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and socially burdensome psychiatric disorder with a causal and complex relationship with metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is often co-morbid. However, the prevalence and risk factors for MetS in patients with MDD are inconclusive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence and factors influencing MetS in first hospitalization MDD patients. A total of 981 MDD patients were included. Sociodemographic and general clinical data were collected from the patients, while metabolism-related parameters were also measured, and psychological symptoms were assessed. Our study found that the prevalence of MetS in the study population was 9.68%. MDD patients with MetS had higher levels of metabolism-related parameters and more severe psychological symptoms. We identified risk factors for MetS and its severity separately: age of onset of MDD, more severe depressive symptoms, and higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were risk factors for the development of MetS, whereas higher TSH levels were risk factors for the severity of MetS. Our results suggest that MetS is not highly prevalent in MDD patients, but certain risk factors may increase its likelihood and severity, and that these findings could be beneficial for clinical intervention and care of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Zhen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China.
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Bednářová A, Habalová V, Tkáč I. BDNF rs962369 Is Associated with Major Depressive Disorder. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2243. [PMID: 37626739 PMCID: PMC10452342 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study enrolled 291 patients diagnosed with depression and schizophrenia (F32, F33, and F20 according to ICD-10) and 227 ethnicity-matched control subjects. We analyzed the distribution of BDNF rs6265 and BDNF rs962369 genotypes, finding no significant associations between these and schizophrenia. We revealed a significant increase in the risk of single-episode major depression disorder (MDD) for rs962369 minor allele homozygotes (CC vs. TT+TC), an association that persisted after adjusting for age and sex (OR 3.47; 95% CI 1.36-8.85; p = 0.009). Furthermore, rs962369 genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrent MDD in a log-additive model (OR per C-allele 1.65; 95% CI 1.11-2.45; p = 0.013). A comparative analysis between MDD subtypes and between MDD subtypes and schizophrenia showed no significant differences for BDNF rs6265. Notably, the frequency of minor allele C of BDNF rs962369 varied across subgroups, with the highest frequency in patients with recurrent MDD (0.32) and the lowest in schizophrenia patients (0.20). The presence of genotypes with at least one minor allele C was significantly higher in the recurrent MDD patient group compared to the schizophrenia group. In conclusion, the BDNF rs962369 variant was associated with MDD but not with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Bednářová
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital, 041 90 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Viera Habalová
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Ivan Tkáč
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital, 041 90 Kosice, Slovakia;
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Amin M, Horst N, Wu R, Gragnoli C. Novel corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor genes (CRHR1 and CRHR2) linkage to and association with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:155. [PMID: 37543650 PMCID: PMC10403835 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, pro-inflammatory mediators, and psychological distress in response to stressors. In women with PCOS, the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) induces an exaggerated HPA response, possibly mediated by one of the CRH receptors (CRHR1 or CRHR2). Both CRHR1 and CRHR2 are implicated in insulin secretion, and variants in CRHR1 and CRHR2 genes may predispose to the mental-metabolic risk for PCOS. METHODS We phenotyped 212 Italian families with type 2 diabetes (T2D) for PCOS following the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria. We analyzed within CRHR1 and CRHR2 genes, respectively, 36 and 18 microarray-variants for parametric linkage to and/or linkage disequilibrium (LD) with PCOS under the recessive with complete penetrance (R1) and dominant with complete penetrance (D1) models. Subsequentially, we ran a secondary analysis under the models dominant with incomplete penetrance (D2) and recessive with incomplete penetrance (R2). RESULTS We detected 22 variants in CRHR1 and 1 variant in CRHR2 significantly (p < 0.05) linked to or in LD with PCOS across different inheritance models. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report CRHR1 and CRHR2 as novel risk genes in PCOS. In silico analysis predicted that the detected CRHR1 and CRHR2 risk variants promote negative chromatin activation of their related genes in the ovaries, potentially affecting the female cycle and ovulation. However, CRHR1- and CRHR2-risk variants might also lead to hypercortisolism and confer mental-metabolic pleiotropic effects. Functional studies are needed to confirm the pathogenicity of genes and related variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz Amin
- INSERM, US14-Orphanet, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan, 11121
| | - Nicholas Horst
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68124, USA
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Department of Statistics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68124, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, 00197, Rome, Italy.
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Lonardo A. The heterogeneity of metabolic syndrome presentation and challenges this causes in its pharmacological management: a narrative review focusing on principal risk modifiers. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:891-911. [PMID: 37722710 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2259306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS), i.e. the cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors comprising visceral obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, arterial hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia, is prevalent globally and exacts a heavy toll on health care expenditures. AREAS COVERED The pathophenotypes of individual traits of the MetS in adults are discussed first, with strong emphasis on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sex differences. Next, I discuss recent studies on phenotypic and outcome heterogeneity of the MetS, highlighting the role of NAFLD, sex, reproductive status, and depressive disorders. In the second half of the article, the therapeutic implications of the variable MetS types and features are analyzed, focusing on the most recent developments, and guidelines. EXPERT OPINION I have identified physiological, pathological, social and medical sources of phenotypical heterogeneity in the MetS and its constitutive traits. Improved understanding of these variables may be utilized in the setting of future precision medicine approaches in the field of metabolic disorders and target organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- Operating Unit of Metabolic Syndrome, Azienda Ospedaliero-Unversitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
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Garrido-Torres N, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Olivé Mas J, Rodríguez Gangoso A, Canal-Rivero M, Juncal-Ruiz M, Gómez-Revuelta M, Ayesa-Arriola R, Crespo-Facorro B, Vázquez-Bourgon J. Metabolic syndrome and related factors in a large sample of antipsychotic naïve patients with first-episode psychosis: 3 years follow-up results from the PAFIP cohort. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 16:175-183. [PMID: 38520081 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latest studies in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) have shown alterations in cardiovascular, immune and endocrinological systems. These findings could indicate a systemic onset alteration in the metabolic disease as opposed to justifying these findings exclusively by antipsychotics' side effects and long-term lifestyle consequences. In any case, this population is considered at higher risk for developing cardiometabolic disorders than their age-matched peers. METHODS This is a prospective longitudinal study. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence between 244 subjects with FEP and 166 controls at 3 years was compared. Additionally, we explored whether baseline differences in any of the MetS components according to Adult Treatment Panel III definition and prescribed antipsychotic could help to predict the MetS development at 3 years. RESULTS Patients with FEP present a similar baseline prevalence of MetS (6.6% vs 5.4%, p=0.320), according to ATP-III criteria. but with a higher prevalence of metabolic alterations than controls before the start of antipsychotic treatment. At 3-years follow-up the MetS prevalence had increased from 6.6% to 18.3% in the FEP group, while only from 5.4% to 8.1% in the control group. The multivariate model showed that, before antipsychotic exposure, a baseline altered waist circumference WC (OR=1.1, p=0.011), triglycerides (OR=1.1, p=0.043) and high-density lipoprotein HDL (OR=0.9, p=0.008) significantly predicted the presence of MetS at 3-years. We propose a predictive model of MetS at 3 years in 244 drug-naïve FEP patients. CONCLUSION We found that altered WC, HDL and triglycerides at baseline predicted the presence of full MetS after 3-years of initiating antipsychotic treatment. Our findings support the need for interventions to improve factors related to the physical health of FEP individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Garrido-Torres
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBIS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBIS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Júlia Olivé Mas
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Canal-Rivero
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBIS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Juncal-Ruiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Sierrallana Hospital - Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Torrelavega, Spain; Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcos Gómez-Revuelta
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBIS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
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Zeng K, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Ma J. Gender differences in prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome in first-treatment and drug-naïve schizophrenia patients. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:25. [PMID: 37381041 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndromes (MetS) are clinical syndromes involving multiple pathological states with distinct gender-specific clinical patterns. As a serious disorder associated with psychiatric conditions, the prevalence of MetS is significantly higher in the population with schizophrenia (Sch). The aim of this paper is to report gender differences in the prevalence, associated factors and severity-related factors of MetS in first-treatment and drug-naïve (FTDN) patients with Sch. METHODS A total of 668 patients with FTDN Sch were included in this study. We collected socio-demographic and general clinical information on the target population, measured and evaluated common metabolic parameters and routine biochemical indicators, and assessed the severity of psychiatric symptoms using Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). RESULTS In the target group, the prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in women (13.44%, 57/424) than in men (6.56%, 16/244). In the males, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and triglycerides (TG) were risk factors for MetS, while systolic blood pressure (SBP), TG, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and platelet (PLT) were risk factors for the females. More importantly, for the females, we found that age, LDL-C, PANSS scores and blood creatinine (CRE) were risk factors for higher MetS scores, while onset age and hemoglobin (HGB) were protective factors. CONCLUSION There are significant gender differences in the prevalence of MetS and its factors among patients with FTDN Sch. The prevalence of MetS is higher and the factors that influence MetS are more numerous and extensive in females. The mechanisms of this difference need further research and clinical intervention strategies should be formulated with gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, No. 11, Guangqian Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Zhang H, Peng J, Wang Y. Association Between Prolactin, Estradiol, and Testosterone Levels and the Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Female Inpatients with Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study. Psychiatr Q 2023:10.1007/s11126-023-10025-y. [PMID: 37126196 PMCID: PMC10150142 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the association between sex hormone levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in female schizophrenia inpatients. In total, 93 female schizophrenia patients were enrolled based on their electronic medical records of hospitalization at the Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, China, between August 2022 to September 2022. Baseline information was collected retrospectively from medical records 6 months before. Logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the potential relationship between sex hormone levels and the risk of developing MetS. 31.2% (29/93) of the total patients, 25.5% (12/47) of the 18-49 age group, and 37.0% (17/46) of the ≥ 50 age group had a history of MetS; the newly-developed MetS prevalence among all female schizophrenia patients was 15.05% (14/93), which was slightly higher but not statistically significant in older patients (age ≥ 50) than in younger patients (age 18-49) (≥ 50 vs. 18-49, 21.74% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.074). Univariate analysis of sex hormone levels and developed MetS discovered that only high prolactin levels correlated with developed MetS in total participants (p = 0.006), especially in older patients (p = 0.004), while estradiol and testosterone levels were not associated. Furthermore, univariate logistic regression analysis of the total participants and with an adjusted model of the ≥ 50 age group confirmed the association of prolactin with MetS in all (OR = 1.016, 95%CI:1.002-1.029, p = 0.023), and older female schizophrenia patients (OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01-1.07, p = 0.008). High serum levels of prolactin in older patients (age ≥ 50) were strongly correlated with the risk of developing MetS among female schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhang
- Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China.
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Lin C, Wan X, Zhang R, Yang X, Liu Y. Quality of life and its influencing factors in patients with schizophrenia. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:472-480. [PMID: 37164931 PMCID: PMC10930085 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disease. With the change of medical model, quality of life has gradually become an important prognostic indicator for patients with schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia have a lower quality of life than the general population or people with other chronic diseases, Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, employment, education level, income and living situation; clinical factors such as psychiatric symptoms, medication compliance and insight; and psychosocial factors such as social support, cognition, stigma, self-esteem and needs are the main influencing factors for schizophrenia patients. Medication and psychological interventions such as social skills training, family intervention, cognitive correction and cognitive behavioral therapy can be used to improve the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia. Understanding the factors affecting the quality of life of schizophrenia patients and the improvement measures helps to provide reference for improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041.
| | - Xiaoyan Wan
- Center of Health Management Cadre Training, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041
| | - Xianmei Yang
- Department of Mental Health and Social Services, Sichuan Mental Health Center (Third Hospital of Mianyang), Mianyang Sichuan 621054, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041.
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Choroidal structural analysis in ultra-high risk and first-episode psychosis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 70:72-80. [PMID: 36931136 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Both structural and functional alterations in the retina and the choroid of the eye, as parts of the central nervous system, have been shown in psychotic disorders, especially in schizophrenia. In addition, genetic and imaging studies indicate vascular and angiogenesis anomalies in the psychosis spectrum disorders. In this ocular imaging study, choroidal structure and vascularity were investigated using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) in first-episode psychosis (FEP), ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR-P), and age- and gender- matched healthy controls (HCs). There were no significant differences between groups in central choroidal thickness, stromal choroidal area (SCA), luminal choroidal area (LCA) and total subfoveal choroidal area. The LCA/SCA ratio (p<0.001) and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) (p<0.001) were significantly different between FEP, UHR-P and HCs. CVI and LCA/SCA ratio were significantly higher in patients with FEP compared to help-seeking youth at UHR-P. CVI and LCA/SCA ratio were not different between UHR-P and HCs. However, CVI was higher in UHR-P compared to HCs after excluding the outliers for the sensitivity analysis (p = 0.002). Current findings suggest that choroidal thickness is normal, but there are abnormalities in choroidal microvasculature in prodromal and first-episode psychosis. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate oculomics, especially CVI, as a promising biomarker for the prediction of conversion to psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk.
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Ni J, Qiu LJ, Yin KJ, Chen GM, Pan HF. Shared genetic architecture between type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 severity. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:501-507. [PMID: 36127482 PMCID: PMC9489484 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have demonstrated a higher risk for developing more severe cases of COVID-19, but the complex genetic mechanism between them is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to untangle this relationship using genetically based approaches. METHODS By leveraging large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of T2D and COVID-19 severity, linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were utilized to quantify the genetic correlations and causal relationships between the two traits. Gene-based association and enrichment analysis were further applied to identify putative functional pathways shared between T2D and COVID-19 severity. RESULTS Significant, moderate genetic correlations were detected between T2D and COVID-19 hospitalization (rg = 0.156, SE = 0.057, p = 0.005) or severe disease (rg = 0.155, SE = 0.057, p = 0.006). MR analysis did not support evidence for a causal effect of T2D on COVID-19 hospitalization (OR 1.030, 95% CI 0.979, 1.084, p = 0.259) or severe disease (OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.934, 1.069, p = 0.982). Genes having pgene < 0.05 for both T2D and COVID-19 severe were significantly enriched for biological pathways, such as response to type I interferon, glutathione derivative metabolic process and glutathione derivative biosynthetic process. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further confirm the comorbidity of T2D and COVID-19 severity, but a non-causal impact of T2D on severe COVID-19. Shared genetically modulated molecular mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of the two disorders are crucial for identifying therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - L-J Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Medical Insurance Office, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - K-J Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - G-M Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - H-F Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Ding H, Xie M, Wang J, Ouyang M, Huang Y, Yuan F, Jia Y, Zhang X, Liu N, Zhang N. Shared genetics of psychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes:a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 159:185-195. [PMID: 36738649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with psychiatric disorders have elevated rates of type 2 diabetes comorbidity. Although little is known about the shared genetics and causality of this association. Thus, we aimed to investigate shared genetics and causal link between different type 2 diabetes and psychiatric disorders. METHODS We conducted a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait association study(GWAS) to investigate genetic overlap between type 2 diabetes and anorexia nervosa, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and Tourette syndrome. By post-GWAS functional analysis, we identify variants genes expression in various tissues. Enrichment pathways, potential protein interaction and mendelian randomization also provided to research the relationship between type 2 diabetes and psychiatric disorders. RESULTS We discovered that type 2 diabetes and psychiatric disorders had a significant correlation. We identified 138 related loci, 32 were novel loci. Post-GWAS analysis revealed that 86 differentially expressed genes were located in different brain regions and peripheral blood in type 2 diabetes and related psychiatric disorders. MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in neural development and insulin signaling. In addition, there is a causal relationship between T2D and mental disorders. In PPI analysis, the central genes of the DEG PPI network were FTO and TCF7L2. CONCLUSION This large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis identified shared genetics andpotential causal links between type 2 diabetes and related psychiatric disorders, suggesting potential new biological functions in common among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical Univesity, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Minyao Xie
- The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical Univesity, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical Univesity, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Ouyang
- The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical Univesity, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Yanyuan Huang
- The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical Univesity, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Fangzheng Yuan
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yunhan Jia
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xuedi Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical Univesity, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical Univesity, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
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Redei EE, Udell ME, Solberg Woods LC, Chen H. The Wistar Kyoto Rat: A Model of Depression Traits. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1884-1905. [PMID: 36453495 PMCID: PMC10514523 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221129120902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate about the value of animal research in psychiatry with valid lines of reasoning stating the limits of individual animal models compared to human psychiatric illnesses. Human depression is not a homogenous disorder; therefore, one cannot expect a single animal model to reflect depression heterogeneity. This limited review presents arguments that the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats show intrinsic depression traits. The phenotypes of WKY do not completely mirror those of human depression but clearly indicate characteristics that are common with it. WKYs present despair- like behavior, passive coping with stress, comorbid anxiety, and enhanced drug use compared to other routinely used inbred or outbred strains of rats. The commonly used tests identifying these phenotypes reflect exploratory, escape-oriented, and withdrawal-like behaviors. The WKYs consistently choose withdrawal or avoidance in novel environments and freezing behaviors in response to a challenge in these tests. The physiological response to a stressful environment is exaggerated in WKYs. Selective breeding generated two WKY substrains that are nearly isogenic but show clear behavioral differences, including that of depression-like behavior. WKY and its substrains may share characteristics of subgroups of depressed individuals with social withdrawal, low energy, weight loss, sleep disturbances, and specific cognitive dysfunction. The genomes of the WKY and WKY substrains contain variations that impact the function of many genes identified in recent human genetic studies of depression. Thus, these strains of rats share characteristics of human depression at both phenotypic and genetic levels, making them a model of depression traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva E. Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mallory E. Udell
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Leah C. Solberg Woods
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Yu H, Yang R, Wu J, Wang S, Qin X, Wu T, Hu Y, Wu Y. Association of metformin and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:380-385. [PMID: 36108876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence showed metformin may have pleiotropic effects on ameliorating depression. However, whether metformin was associated with decreased risk of depression remains unclear. METHODS A historical cohort study was conducted based on a medical claim database from 2010 to 2017 in Beijing, China. Patients newly diagnosed with T2D were classified into the metformin and non-metformin groups according to their initial antidiabetic prescription. The incidences of depression between the groups were compared using Cox proportional regression model. RESULTS There were 193,624 (37.4 %) and 323,930 (62.6 %) T2D patients in the metformin and non-metformin groups. The mean age was 54.9 (SD: 13.1) years and 53.9% were females. With a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 64,963 patients developed depression. The adjusted incidence of depression in the metformin group (30.6, 95 % CI: 30.1, 31.0 per 1000 person-years) was significantly lower than in the non-metformin group (39.6, 95 % CI: 39.3, 40.0 per 1000 person-years, P < 0.001). The metformin group was significantly associated with a lower risk of depression compared with the overall non-metformin group (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.78), as well as compared with α-glucosidase inhibitors (HR: 0.73, 95 % CI: 0.71, 0.74), sulfonylureas (HR: 0.84, 95 % CI: 0.82, 0.86), and glinides (HR: 0.85, 95 % CI: 0.82, 0.88), except for thiazolidinediones (HR: 0.96, 95 % CI: 0.91, 1.01). The association between metformin and lower depression risk was significant in all the age and sex subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Metformin was associated with a lower risk of depression compared with other oral hypoglycemic agents, indicating a potential pleiotropic effect on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ruotong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junhui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Siyue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueying Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Association between Insertion-Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene and Treatment Response to Antipsychotic Medications: A Study of Antipsychotic-Naïve First-Episode Psychosis Patients and Nonadherent Chronic Psychosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012180. [PMID: 36293037 PMCID: PMC9602538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether a functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) influenced antipsychotic treatment. At baseline, and after 8 weeks of treatment with various antipsychotic medications, we assessed patients’ Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores, PANSS factors, and metabolic-syndrome-related parameters (fasting plasma lipid and glucose levels, and body mass index). A total of 186 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients or nonadherent chronic psychosis individuals (99 males and 87 females) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction analysis. The ACE-I/D polymorphism was significantly associated with changes in PANSS psychopathology only (p < 0.05). Compared to ACE-II homozygous males, ACE-DD homozygous and ACE-ID heterozygous males manifested significantly greater decreases in PANSS positive score, PANSS excitement factor, and PANSS cognitive factor. ACE-DD homozygous females manifested higher decreases in PANSS depression factor compared to ACE-II homozygous and ACE-ID heterozygous females. The polymorphism’s effect size was estimated as moderate to strong, while its contribution to the PANSS psychopathology ranged from ~5.4 to 8.7%, with the lowest contribution observed for PANSS positive score changes and the highest for PANSS depressive factor changes. Our results indicate that ACE-I/D polymorphism had a statistically significant but weak gender-specific impact on psychopathology data, and showed no association between ACE-I/D polymorphism and metabolic-syndrome-related parameters.
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Patel RS, Majumder P, Correll CU. Characteristics and Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents with Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: Results from a Cross-National Inpatient Case-Control Study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2022; 32:426-433. [PMID: 36282769 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2022.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: To assess characteristics and correlates of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder-depressive episode (BP-d). Methods: Case-control study, using national inpatient sample data, including adolescents (age, 12-18 years) with a primary diagnosis of MDD or BP-d. Using propensity score matching (based on age, sex, and race/ethnicity), we extracted cases with MetS (≥3 of the following conditions: obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension) and controls without MetS. We used a multivariable logistic regression model calculating adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for potential correlates of MetS, focusing on primary mood disorders and psychiatric comorbidities. Results: In 607 age-/sex-/race/ethnicity-matched adolescents (MDD = 83.5%, BP-d = 16.5%), comparing those with (N = 332) versus without MetS (N = 275), MetS was most prevalent in later-age adolescents (mean age 16.3 years), females (58.1%), Whites (40.3%), and Blacks (31.5%). MetS was characterized by obesity (84.9% vs. 3.6%), hypertension (81% vs. 1.8%), diabetes (72.8% vs. 9.1%), and hypercholesterolemia (67.2% vs. 3.6%) (all p < 0.001). MetS was associated with a primary diagnosis of BP-d versus MDD (aOR 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-3.97) and comorbid disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) (aOR 4.45, 95% CI 1.55-12.78), while comorbid substance use disorder reduced MetS risk (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.19-0.50). Conclusion: In adolescents with MDD or BP-d, MetS was associated with a primary BP-d diagnosis, and comorbid DBD. MetS-related parameters should be screened for early in adolescents with depression-spectrum disorders aiming to prevent the development or effects of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikinkumar S Patel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pradipta Majumder
- Department of Psychiatry, WellSpan Health, York, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Behavioral Health, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Grudniewicz A, Peckham A, Rudoler D, Lavergne MR, Ashcroft R, Corace K, Kaluzienski M, Kaoser R, Langford L, McCracken R, Norris WC, O'Riordan A, Patrick K, Peterson S, Randall E, Rayner J, Schütz CG, Sunderji N, Thai H, Kurdyak P. Primary care for individuals with serious mental illness (PriSMI): protocol for a convergent mixed methods study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065084. [PMID: 36127095 PMCID: PMC9490567 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with serious mental illness (SMI) have poor health outcomes, in part because of inequitable access to quality health services. Primary care is well suited to coordinate and manage care for this population; however, providers may feel ill-equipped to do so and patients may not have the support and resources required to coordinate their care. We lack a strong understanding of prevention and management of chronic disease in primary care among people with SMI as well as the context-specific barriers that exist at the patient, provider and system levels. This mixed methods study will answer three research questions: (1) How do primary care services received by people living with SMI differ from those received by the general population? (2) What are the experiences of people with SMI in accessing and receiving chronic disease prevention and management in primary care? (3) What are the experiences of primary care providers in caring for individuals with SMI? METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a concurrent mixed methods study in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada, including quantitative analyses of linked administrative data and in-depth qualitative interviews with people living with SMI and primary care providers. By comparing across two provinces, each with varying degrees of mental health service investment and different primary care models, results will shed light on individual and system-level factors that facilitate or impede quality preventive and chronic disease care for people with SMI in the primary care setting. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the University of Ottawa Research Ethics Board and partner institutions. An integrated knowledge translation approach brings together researchers, providers, policymakers, decision-makers, patient and caregiver partners and knowledge users. Working with this team, we will develop policy-relevant recommendations for improvements to primary care systems that will better support providers and reduce health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Grudniewicz
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allie Peckham
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - David Rudoler
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Ruth Lavergne
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rachelle Ashcroft
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberly Corace
- Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, The Royal, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Kaluzienski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ridhwana Kaoser
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lucie Langford
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita McCracken
- Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Anne O'Riordan
- Patient and Family Centred Care, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Patrick
- Client and Family Relations, The Royal, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Peterson
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ellen Randall
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Rayner
- Research and Evaluation Department, Alliance for Healthier Communities, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian G Schütz
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Service, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nadiya Sunderji
- Waypoint Research Institute, Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Thai
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Implication of Melanocortin Receptor Genes in the Familial Comorbidity of Type 2 Diabetes and Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158350. [PMID: 35955479 PMCID: PMC9369258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors, which are essential components of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, and they mediate the actions of melanocortins (melanocyte-stimulating hormones: α-MSH, β-MSH, and γ-MSH) as well as the adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) in skin pigmentation, adrenal steroidogenesis, and stress response. Three melanocortin receptor genes (MC1R, MC2R, and MC5R) contribute to the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), and one melanocortin receptor gene (MC4R) contributes to the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). MDD increases T2D risk in drug-naïve patients; thus, MDD and T2D commonly coexist. The five melanocortin receptor genes might confer risk for both disorders. However, they have never been investigated jointly to evaluate their potential contributing roles in the MDD-T2D comorbidity, specifically within families. In 212 Italian families with T2D and MDD, we tested 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MC1R gene, 9 SNPs in MC2R, 3 SNPs in MC3R, 4 SNPs in MC4R, and 2 SNPs in MC5R. The testing used 2-point parametric linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LD) (i.e., association) analysis with four models (dominant with complete penetrance (D1), dominant with incomplete penetrance (D2), recessive with complete penetrance (R1), and recessive with incomplete penetrance (R2)). We detected significant (p ≤ 0.05) linkage and/or LD (i.e., association) to/with MDD for one SNP in MC2R (rs111734014) and one SNP in MC5R (rs2236700), and to/with T2D for three SNPs in MC1R (rs1805007 and rs201192930, and rs2228479), one SNP in MC2R (rs104894660), two SNPs in MC3R (rs3746619 and rs3827103), and one SNP in MC4R genes (Chr18-60372302). The linkage/LD/association was significant across different linkage patterns and different modes of inheritance. All reported variants are novel in MDD and T2D. This is the first study to report risk variants in MC1R, MC2R, and MC3R genes in T2D. MC2R and MC5R genes are replicated in MDD, with one novel variant each. Within our dataset, only the MC2R gene appears to confer risk for both MDD and T2D, albeit with different risk variants. To further clarity the role of the melanocortin receptor genes in MDD-T2D, these findings should be sought among other ethnicities as well.
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29
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Davoren M, O'Reilly K, Mohan D, Kennedy HG. Prospective cohort study of the evaluation of patient benefit from the redevelopment of a complete national forensic mental health service: the Dundrum Forensic Redevelopment Evaluation Study (D-FOREST) protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058581. [PMID: 35868830 PMCID: PMC9315909 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secure forensic mental health services are low volume, high cost services. They offer care and treatment to mentally disordered offenders who pose a high risk of serious violence to others. It is therefore incumbent on these services to systematically evaluate the outcomes of the care and treatment they deliver to ensure patient benefit in multiple domains. These should include physical and mental health outcomes, as well as offending related outcomes. The aim of Dundrum Forensic Redevelopment Evaluation Study (D-FOREST) is to complete a structured evaluation study of a complete national forensic mental health service, at the time of redevelopment of the National Forensic Mental Health Service for the Ireland. METHODS AND ANALYSIS D-FOREST is a multisite, prospective observational cohort study. The study uses a combination of baseline and repeated measures, to evaluate patient benefit from admissions to forensic settings. Patients will be rated for physical health, mental health, offending behaviours and other recovery measures relevant to the forensic hospital setting at admission to the hospital and 6 monthly thereafter.Lagged causal model analysis will be used to assess the existence and significance of potential directed relationships between the baseline measures of symptomatology of schizophrenia and violence risk and final outcome namely length of stay. Time intervals including length of stay will be measured by median and 95% CI using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses and survival analyses. Patient related measures will be rated as changes from baseline using general estimating equations for repeated measures, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance or logistic regression. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received approval from the Research Ethics and Effectiveness Committee of the National Forensic Mental Health Service, Ireland. Results will be made available to the funder and to forensic psychiatry researchers via international conferences and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05074732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Davoren
- Dundrum Centre for Forensic Excellence, Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Health Service Executive, National Forensic Mental Health Service, Dundrum, Ireland
| | - Ken O'Reilly
- Dundrum Centre for Forensic Excellence, Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Health Service Executive, National Forensic Mental Health Service, Dundrum, Ireland
| | - Damian Mohan
- Dundrum Centre for Forensic Excellence, Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry G Kennedy
- Dundrum Centre for Forensic Excellence, Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
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Yang Y, Shen M, Li L, Long Y, Wang L, Lang B, Wu R. Olanzapine Promotes the Occurrence of Metabolic Disorders in Conditional TCF7L2-Knockout Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:890472. [PMID: 35874808 PMCID: PMC9298277 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.890472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients display higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and comorbidity of type II diabetes. Both atypical antipsychotics and genetic variants are believed to predispose the patients with the risk, but their interplay remains largely unknown. TCF7L2 is one of the most common genes strongly associated with glucose homeostasis which also participates in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory roles of TCF7L2 in atypical antipsychotics-induced MetS. Methods: Mice with pancreatic β-cell–specific Tcf7l2 deletion (CKO) were generated. The CKO mice and control littermates were subjected to olanzapine (4 mg/kg/day) or saline gavage for 6 weeks. Metabolic indices, β cell mass, and the expressing levels of TCF7L2 and GLP-1R in the pancreatic tissue were closely monitored. Results: Tcf7l2 CKO mice displayed a spectrum of core features of MetS, which included remarkably increased rate of weight gain, higher fasting insulin, higher values of blood lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein), impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertrophy of adipocytes. Notably, these effects could be further exacerbated by olanzapine. In addition, Tcf7l2 CKO mice with the olanzapine group showed significantly decreased expressions of GLP-1R protein and a trend of reduced pancreatic β-cell mass. RT-qPCR revealed that the CKO mice presented a significantly less transcription of Sp5, an important element of the Wnt signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our study illustrates that mice with pancreatic β-cell–targeted Tcf7l2 deletion were more vulnerable to suffer metabolic abnormalities after olanzapine administration. This impairment may be mediated by the reduced expression of GLP-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Manjun Shen
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujun Long
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Lang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Lang, ; Renrong Wu,
| | - Renrong Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Lang, ; Renrong Wu,
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Goh KK, Chen CYA, Wu TH, Chen CH, Lu ML. Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137092. [PMID: 35806096 PMCID: PMC9266532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in persons with schizophrenia has spurred investigational efforts to study the mechanism beneath its pathophysiology. Early psychosis dysfunction is present across multiple organ systems. On this account, schizophrenia may be a multisystem disorder in which one organ system is predominantly affected and where other organ systems are also concurrently involved. Growing evidence of the overlapping neurobiological profiles of metabolic risk factors and psychiatric symptoms, such as an association with cognitive dysfunction, altered autonomic nervous system regulation, desynchrony in the resting-state default mode network, and shared genetic liability, suggest that metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia are connected via common pathways that are central to schizophrenia pathogenesis, which may be underpinned by oxytocin system dysfunction. Oxytocin, a hormone that involves in the mechanisms of food intake and metabolic homeostasis, may partly explain this piece of the puzzle in the mechanism underlying this association. Given its prosocial and anorexigenic properties, oxytocin has been administered intranasally to investigate its therapeutic potential in schizophrenia and obesity. Although the pathophysiology and mechanisms of oxytocinergic dysfunction in metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia are both complex and it is still too early to draw a conclusion upon, oxytocinergic dysfunction may yield a new mechanistic insight into schizophrenia pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Kheng Goh
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cynthia Yi-An Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Hua Wu
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Yu Y, He X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Tang C, Rong P. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation inhibits limbic-regional P2X7R expression and reverses depressive-like behaviors in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 775:136562. [PMID: 35245625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) along with depressive-like behaviors. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) has antidiabetic and antidepressant-like effects in ZDF rats; however, the underlying antidepressant-like mechanisms are unclear. The purinergic receptor P2X7R, which is related to inflammation and depression, is upregulated in the limbic brain regions of depressed patients and rodents and is considered as a potential therapeutic target. Thus, this study aimed to provide preliminary evidence at the molecular level of taVNS antidepressant-like effect in ZDF rats through testing their limbic-regional P2X7R expression. ZDF rats were subjected to taVNS and transcutaneous non-vagal nerve stimulation (tnVNS). Body weight and blood glucose levels were monitored weekly. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated with the open-field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST). Limbic-regional P2X7R expression was examined by western blotting (WB). P2X7R expressing cells were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Compared to their lean littermates (ZL rats), ZDF rats developed obesity, hyperglycemia, and depressive-like behaviors with elevated limbic-regional P2X7R expression. taVNS but not tnVNS lowered body weight, reduced and stabilized blood glucose levels, suppressed limbic-regional P2X7R expression, and reversed the depressive-like behaviors. P2X7R was found primarily expressed in ZDF rats' limbic-regional astrocytes. In conclusion, taVNS inhibits ZDF rats' limbic-regional P2X7R expression, which may be one of the taVNS antidepressant-like mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Yu
- Acupuncture Department, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xun He
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peijing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Ye B, Xie R, Mishra SR, Dai X, Chen H, Chen X, Li D, Yuan C, Xu X. Bidirectional association between physical multimorbidity and subclinical depression in Chinese older adults: Findings from a prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:169-174. [PMID: 34601304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both physical multimorbidity and subclinical depression pose a significant threat to aging population worldwide. The association between these conditions appeared to be in a bidirectional way, however the joint causal relationship yet to be fully understood in elderly Chinese population. METHODS A total of 4605 Chinese elders from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2015) were included for the present study. Physical multimorbidity was defined as having two or more self-reported chronic physical conditions. Subclinical depression was defined by ≥ 12 scores assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The bidirectional association between physical multimorbidity and subclinical depression was examined using multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS During study period, 23.99% of participant reported incident episode of subclinical depression and 21.36% reported physical multimorbidity. In fully adjusted model, those with physical multimorbidity were two times more likely to have subclinical depression (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.71-2.46). Besides that, subclinical depression was associated with physical multimorbidity (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.50-2.46), but in slightly less magnitude. Furthermore, the bidirectional association remains statistically significant across different subgroups. LIMITATIONS Chronic conditions were all self-reported and we couldn't adjust for all confounders, which may be subject to measurement error. CONCLUSIONS Physical multimorbidity and subclinical depression was associated in a bidirectional way in elderly Chinese population, which highlights the necessary of covering a broad spectrum of aspects of clinical management among adults with physical multimorbidity or subclinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Renxiang Xie
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shiva Raj Mishra
- Academy for Data Science and Global Health, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiaochen Dai
- Department of Health Metrics Science, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Duanhui Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Protsenko M, Kerkelä M, Miettunen J, Auvinen J, Järvelin MR, Jones PB, Gissler M, Veijola J. Cardiometabolic Disorders in the Offspring of Parents With Severe Mental Illness. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:2-9. [PMID: 34913885 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The elevated prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders is consistently reported in patients with severe mental illness (SMI). We explored the association between parental SMI and offspring cardiometabolic morbidity. Our hypothesis was that offspring of people with SMI have increased morbidity risk. METHOD The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 is a study of offspring whose date of birth was expected in 1966. The follow-up lasted until 2015 (49 years). The final study sample included 11,175 children. We used parental SMI as the exposure in the study. The following cardiometabolic disorders were used as outcome measures: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, obesity, and cerebrovascular disorders. RESULTS There were 139 (14.7%; hazard ratios [HR] = 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36-1.94) children of parents with SMI who developed cardiometabolic disorder during follow-up and 957 (9.4%) in the comparison cohort. Statistically significant HRs were found in males (HR = 1.95; 95% CI =1.56-2.44), but not in females (HR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.96-1.73). CONCLUSIONS Having a cardiometabolic disorder was associated with male offspring of parents with SMI. Our findings suggest that there is an elevated risk of coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and hypertension in the male offspring of parents with SMI. Our results suggest that the somatic health of offspring of parents with SMI should also be considered in addition to their mental health in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Protsenko
- From the Department of Psychiatry (Protsenko, Kerkelä, Veijola), Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, and Center for Life Course Health Research (Miettunen, Auvinen, Järvelin), University of Oulu; Medical Research Center Oulu (Miettunen, Veijola), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu; THL, Information Services Department (Gissler), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; University of Turku, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry (Gissler), Turku, Finland; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (Gissler), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry (Veijola), University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; and Department of Psychiatry (Jones), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
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Fiorillo A, Sartorius N. Mortality gap and physical comorbidity of people with severe mental disorders: the public health scandal. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:52. [PMID: 34903254 PMCID: PMC8670051 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-021-00374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffering from severe mental disorders, including schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorders, have a reduced life expectancy compared to the general population of up to 10-25 years. This mortality gap requires urgent actions from a public health perspective in order to be reduced. MAIN TEXT Factors associated with the high mortality rates in patients with severe mental disorders can be grouped into four groups: those related to the patients, to psychiatrists, to other non-psychiatrist medical doctors and to the healthcare system. Each of these factors should become the target of specific and dedicated interventions, in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate in patients with severe mental disorders. All these elements contribute to the neglect of physical comorbidity in patients with severe mental. In particular, the long-standing separation of psychiatry from other branches of medicine and the lack of specific training on this issue further contribute to the poor attention dedicated to management of physical comorbidities. Recently, several professional associations have invited national bodies regulating education of healthcare professionals to include the management of physical health of people with severe mental disorders in undergraduate and postgraduate educational programs. CONCLUSIONS The premature mortality in patients with severe mental disorders is a complex phenomenon resulting by the interaction of several protective and risk factors. Therefore, a multilevel approach is needed, in which the different stakeholders involved in health care provision establish workforces for the long-term management of physical and mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes, Geneva, Switzerland
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Jiang W, Rootes-Murdy K, Chen J, Bizzozero NIP, Calhoun VD, van Erp TGM, Ehrlich S, Agartz I, Jönsson EG, Andreassen OA, Wang L, Pearlson GD, Glahn DC, Hong E, Liu J, Turner JA. Multivariate alterations in insula - Medial prefrontal cortex linked to genetics in 12q24 in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2021; 306:114237. [PMID: 34655926 PMCID: PMC8643340 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The direct effect of genetic variations on clinical phenotypes within schizophrenia (SZ) remains elusive. We examined the previously identified association of reduced gray matter concentration in the insula - medial prefrontal cortex and a quantitative trait locus located in 12q24 in a SZ dataset. The main analysis was performed on 1461 SNPs and 830 participants. The highest contributing SNPs were localized in five genes including TMEM119, which encodes a microglial marker, that is associated with neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. The gene set in 12q4 may partially explain brain alterations in SZ, but they may also relate to other psychiatric and developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, United States of America; Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kelly Rootes-Murdy
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, United States of America
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, United States of America
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, United States of America
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, United States of America; Qureshey Research Laboratory, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA,United States of America
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America; Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lei Wang
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, United States of America
| | | | - David C Glahn
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, United States of America
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, United States of America; Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, United States of America
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Lang X, Liu Q, Fang H, Zhou Y, Forster MT, Li Z, Zhang X. The prevalence and clinical correlates of metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic alterations in 430 drug-naive patients in their first episode of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3643-3652. [PMID: 34586464 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been extensively investigated in schizophrenia, few studies have examined them in first-episode drug-naive (FEDN) patients. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlates of metabolic abnormalities in FEDN schizophrenia patients. METHODS A total of 430 FEDN schizophrenia patients and 453 controls were recruited. Various parameters were measured including BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profiles, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Patients had a higher prevalence of MetS, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-HDL-C, elevated HAb1c, and elevated insulin than controls (19.1% vs. 6.6%, OR = 2.52; 33.3% vs. 12.1%, OR = 3.05; 30.5% vs. 16.1%, OR = 2.25; 43.1% vs. 24.0%, OR = 2.21; 25.6% vs. 10.8%, OR = 2.62; 9.1% vs. 0.9%, OR = 10.29; all pBonferroni < 0.001). Waist circumference was associated with PANSS general psychopathology and total score (correlation coefficient r = 0.17, pBonferroni < 0.001; correlation coefficient r = 0.16, pBonferroni = 0.004). Fasting glucose was associated with PANSS negative, general psychopathology, and total score (correlation coefficient r = 0.13, pBonferroni = 0.03; correlation coefficient r = 0.19, pBonferroni < 0.001; correlation coefficient r = 0.20, pBonferroni < 0.001). BMI (OR = 1.37), smoking (OR = 3.39), and HOMA-IR (OR = 5.60) were associated with MetS in FEDN schizophrenia (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that MetS and metabolic abnormalities co-existed in the early stages of schizophrenia without antipsychotics. Waist circumference and glucose were associated with psychopathological symptoms, while BMI, smoking, and HOMA-IR were associated with MetS in FEDN schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoe Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qinqin Liu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hanliu Fang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mattew T Forster
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China.
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Ceramides: Shared Lipid Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Schizophrenia. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2021. [DOI: 10.17816/cp101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia, although a debilitating mental illness, greatly affects individuals physical health as well. One of the leading somatic comorbidities associated with schizophrenia is cardiovascular disease, which has been estimated to be one of the leading causes of excess mortality in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Although the shared susceptibility to schizophrenia and cardiovascular disease is well established, the mechanisms linking these two disorders are not well understood. Genetic studies have hinted toward shared lipid metabolism abnormalities co-occurring in the two disorders, while lipid compounds have emerged as prognostic markers for cardiovascular disease. In particular, three ceramide species in the blood plasma, Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1), have been robustly linked to the latter disorder.
AIM: We aimed to assess the differences in abundances of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) in the blood plasma of schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls.
METHODS: We measured the abundances of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) in a cohort of 82 patients with schizophrenia and 138 controls without a psychiatric diagnosis and validated the results using an independent cohort of 26 patients with schizophrenia, 55 control individuals, and 19 patients experiencing a first psychotic episode.
RESULTS: We found significant alterations for all three ceramide species Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) and a particularly strong difference in concentrations between psychiatric patients and controls for the ceramide species Cer(d18:1/18:0).
CONCLUSIONS: The alteration of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) levels in the blood plasma might be a manifestation of metabolic abnormalities common to both schizophrenia and cardiovascular disease.
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Ferber SG, Braun K, Weller A. The roots of paternal depression: Experienced and nonexperienced trauma or Folie a Deux? Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22197. [PMID: 34674247 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transition to fatherhood may be challenged with anxiety and trepidation. A high prevalence has been found for paternal depression and it is reactive to maternal depression. This review aims to address potential sources of paternal depression, which may have adverse consequences on child development. We describe through three hypotheses how fathers may be at risk of depression during the transition to fatherhood: (1) psychological (interacting with ecological systems); (2) brain functional∖structural changes; and (3) (epi)genomic. We propose that paternal stressful experiences during the transition to fatherhood may be the source for paternal depression through direct stressful paternal experiences or via (potential, currently debated) nonexperienced (by the father) epigenomic transgenerational transmission. On the other hand, we suggest that resilient fathers may undergo a transient dysphoric period affected by identifying with the newborn's vulnerability as well as with the mother's postpartum vulnerability resulting in "paternity blues." In accordance with recent views on paternal "heightened sensitivity" toward the infant, we propose that the identification of both parents with the vulnerability of the newborn creates a sensitive period of Folie a Deux (shared madness) which may be a healthy transient, albeit a quasi-pathological period, recruited by the orienting response of the newborn for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Goldstein Ferber
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Katharina Braun
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Neurobiology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral and Brain Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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40
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Lang X, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Gu Y, Wu X, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhang X. Differences in patterns of metabolic abnormality and metabolic syndrome between early-onset and adult-onset first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105344. [PMID: 34274733 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome (MetS) often occur in schizophrenia, few studies have investigated them in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients. To our knowledge, this was the first to compare clinical correlates of metabolic abnormalities between first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) EOS and adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS) patients. A total of 489 Chinese FEDN schizophrenia patients (116 EOS and 373 AOS) and 451 healthy controls were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin and insulin resistance were measured. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to evaluate the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia patients, and higher scores on PANSS indicate increased severity. EOS patients had lower rates of: MetS, elevated WC, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-LDLC than EOS patients (all p < 0.05). In EOS patients, WC was positively associated with PANSS general psychopathology score (p = 0.04). In AOS patients, WC (p = 0.01; p = 0.02) and glucose (p < 0.001; p < 0.001) were positively associated with PANSS general psychopathology and total score. HOMA-IR was positively associated with PANSS total score (p = 0.04). Systolic BP, triglycerides and HDLC were main contributors to MetS in AOS (all p < 0.05), but not in EOS. BMI was a risk factor of MetS in EOS, while BMI and HOMA-IR were risk factors of MetS in AOS (all p < 0.05). Our results indicate differences in metabolic abnormalities patterns, risk factors and their association with clinical characteristics between Chinese EOS and AOS patients. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The datasets that support the findings of this study are not publically available due to ongoing analyses for further publications, but are available from the corresponding author X.Z. upon reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoe Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinjun Gu
- Shanghai Jinshan Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhao
- University of Shanghai For Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Accumulating evidence indicates that there are bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and functioning of the central nervous system. Consequently, it has been proposed that gut microbiota alterations might play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Therefore, in this article, we aimed to perform a narrative review of studies addressing gut microbiota alterations in patients with schizophrenia that were published in the years 2019-2020. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have shown a number of gut microbiota alterations at various stages of schizophrenia. Some of them can be associated with neurostructural abnormalities, psychopathological symptoms, subclinical inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Experimental studies clearly show that transplantation of gut microbiota from unmedicated patients with schizophrenia to germ-free mice results in a number of behavioural impairments accompanied by altered neurotransmission. However, findings from clinical trials do not support the use of probiotics as add-on treatments in schizophrenia. SUMMARY Gut microbiota alterations are widely observed in patients with schizophrenia and might account for various biological alterations involved in the cause of psychosis. However, longitudinal studies are still needed to conclude regarding causal associations. Well designed clinical trials are needed to investigate safety and efficacy of probiotics and prebiotics in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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42
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Nwabueze C, Elom H, Liu S, Walter SM, Sha Z, Acevedo P, Liu Y, Su BB, Xu C, Piamjariyakul U, Wang K. Gender differences in the associations of multiple psychiatric and chronic conditions with major depressive disorder among patients with opioid use disorder. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:168-178. [PMID: 34328394 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1957639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study examined the associations of multiple psychiatric and chronic conditions with the self-reported history of major depressive disorder (MDD) among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and tested whether the associations differed by gender. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis of baseline data from a clinical trial including 1,646 participants with OUD, of which 465 had MDD. A variable cluster analysis was used to classify chronic medical and psychiatric conditions. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate their associations with MDD in subjects with OUD. RESULTS Nine variables were divided into three clusters: cluster 1 included heart condition, hypertension, and liver problems; cluster 2 included gastrointestinal (GI) problems and head injury, and cluster 3 included anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The overall prevalence of MDD in participants with OUD was 28.3% (22.8% for males and 39.5% for females). Gender, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, liver problems, heart condition, GI problems, and head injury were significantly associated with MDD. Gender-stratified analyses showed that bipolar disorder, liver problems and individuals with one chronic condition were associated with MDD only in males, whereas heart condition, hypertension, and GI problems were associated with MDD only in females. In addition, anxiety disorder, head injury, individuals with one or more than two psychiatric conditions, and individuals with more than two chronic conditions were associated with MDD regardless of gender. CONCLUSIONS Treatment plans in patients with OUD should not only address MDD but also co-morbid psychiatric and chronic medical conditions that occur with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nwabueze
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Hilary Elom
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Sophia Liu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suzy Mascaro Walter
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Zhanxin Sha
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Priscila Acevedo
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Brenda Bin Su
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Ubolrat Piamjariyakul
- School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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43
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Rukavishnikov GV, Kasyanov ED, Zhilyaeva TV, Mazo GE. [Schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:132-138. [PMID: 34283543 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121061132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to analyze the basic biological mechanisms of comorbidity of schizophrenia and metabolic, cardiovascular diseases, which are not directly associated with external risk factors. The study of the general pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia and metabolic disorders can provide a significant basis not only for the fundamentally novel therapeutic, preventive and diagnostic measures, but also for a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of these diseases. It seems likely that schizophrenia represents a heterogeneous group with a varying genetic basis for both mental symptoms and neuroendocrine, inflammatory processes that form concomitant somatic disorders. Thus, the new integrated approaches to the study of this problem with the latest methods of genetic and molecular research are relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Rukavishnikov
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E D Kasyanov
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T V Zhilyaeva
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - G E Mazo
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Korann V, Appaji A, Jacob A, Devi P, Nagendra B, Chako DM, Padmanabha A, Thonse U, Bharath RD, Kumar V, Varambally S, Venkatasubramanian G, Rao SV, Webers CAB, Berendschot TTJM, Rao NP. Association between retinal vascular caliber and brain structure in schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 61:102707. [PMID: 34052670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several lines of research in the last decade have indicated the potential utility of retina as a window to the brain. Emerging evidence suggests abnormalities in retinal vascular caliber in schizophrenia. However, the relationship between retinal vascular measures and brain structure has not been examined in schizophrenia to date. Hence, we examined the relationship between retinal vasculature measured using fundus photography and brain structure measured using magnetic resonance imaging. METHOD We recruited 17 healthy volunteers and 20 patients with schizophrenia. Using a non-mydriatic camera, we captured the images for left and right eyes separately and retinal vascular calibers were calculated using a semi-automated software package. Whole-brain anatomical T1 MPRAGE images were acquired using a 3-Tesla MRI scanner. Whole-brain and regional volume and cortical thickness were calculated using the Freesurfer software package. We used FreeSurfer's QDEC interface to compute vertex-by-vertex for analysis of the volume and cortical thickness. The relation between brain volume, cortical thickness, and retinal vascular caliber was examined using partial correlation and regression analysis. RESULTS There was a significant negative correlation between average CRVE and global cortical mean thickness in schizophrenia but not in healthy. In schizophrenia patients, there was a significant negative correlation between average CRVE and cortical thickness in frontal regions - left rostral middle frontal, left superior frontal, and right caudal middle frontal gyri and posterior brain regions - left lateral occipital gyrus and left posterior cingulate cortex. DISCUSSION The findings of the study suggest potential utility of retinal venular diameter as a proxy marker to abnormal neurodevelopment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittal Korann
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Abhishek Appaji
- Department of Medical Electronics, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Arpitha Jacob
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Priyanka Devi
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Bhargavi Nagendra
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Dona Maria Chako
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ananth Padmanabha
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Umesh Thonse
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Shyam Vasudeva Rao
- Department of Medical Electronics, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Naren P Rao
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
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Li Z, Wang S, Chen Y, Wu X, Gu Y, Lang X, Wu F, Zhang XY. Smoking Affects the Patterns of Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With First-Episode Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A Large Sample Study Based on the Chinese Han Population. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:798-807. [PMID: 34153098 PMCID: PMC8538889 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although metabolic disorders and smoking are common in schizophrenia, few studies have investigated the effects of smoking on metabolic disorders or metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. We sought to investigate the differences in metabolic disorders and MetS between smoking and nonsmoking FEDN schizophrenia patients. METHODS A total of 428 FEDN schizophrenia patients and 435 controls were recruited. Blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, and glucose metabolism were measured. The psychopathology was evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS FEDN schizophrenia patients had a higher smoking rate than controls (23.8% vs 14.0%, P < .001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the prevalence of MetS, overweight, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated insulin, and insulin resistance in smoking patients was higher than those in nonsmoking patients, while overweight and hypertension were higher in the smoking controls than in nonsmoking controls (all P < .05). In smoking patients, triglyceridemia, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were the main contributing components to MetS, while in nonsmoking patients, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceridemia, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were the main contributing components to MetS. In smoking patients, BMI and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were associated factors of MetS (both P < .05). In nonsmoking patients, sex, BMI, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were associated factors of MetS (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that smoking schizophrenia patients have a higher prevalence of MetS and metabolic disorders than nonsmoking patients. Moreover, smoking and nonsmoking patients have different contributing components and associated factors for MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuning Wang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinjun Gu
- Jinshan Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoe Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence: Fengchun Wu, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ()
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiang Yang Zhang, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ()
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Mizuki Y, Sakamoto S, Okahisa Y, Yada Y, Hashimoto N, Takaki M, Yamada N. Mechanisms Underlying the Comorbidity of Schizophrenia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:367-382. [PMID: 33315097 PMCID: PMC8130204 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of patients with schizophrenia is high, and life expectancy is shorter by 10 to 20 years. Metabolic abnormalities including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are among the main reasons. The prevalence of T2DM in patients with schizophrenia may be epidemiologically frequent because antipsychotics induce weight gain as a side effect and the cognitive dysfunction of patients with schizophrenia relates to a disordered lifestyle, poor diet, and low socioeconomic status. Apart from these common risk factors and risk factors unique to schizophrenia, accumulating evidence suggests the existence of common susceptibility genes between schizophrenia and T2DM. Functional proteins translated from common genetic susceptibility genes are known to regulate neuronal development in the brain and insulin in the pancreas through several common cascades. In this review, we discuss common susceptibility genes, functional cascades, and the relationship between schizophrenia and T2DM. Many genetic and epidemiological studies have reliably associated the comorbidity of schizophrenia and T2DM, and it is probably safe to think that common cascades and mechanisms suspected from common genes' functions are related to the onset of both schizophrenia and T2DM. On the other hand, even when genetic analyses are performed on a relatively large number of comorbid patients, the results are sometimes inconsistent, and susceptibility genes may carry only a low or moderate risk. We anticipate future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Mizuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shimonoseki Hospital
| | - Shinji Sakamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yuko Okahisa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yuji Yada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center
| | - Nozomu Hashimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center
| | - Manabu Takaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Norihito Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Fraguas D, Díaz-Caneja CM, Pina-Camacho L, Winter van Rossum I, Baandrup L, Sommer IE, Glenthøj B, Kahn RS, Leucht S, Arango C. The role of depression in the prediction of a "late" remission in first-episode psychosis: An analysis of the OPTiMiSE study. Schizophr Res 2021; 231:100-107. [PMID: 33838518 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The identification of predictors of psychosis remission could guide early clinical decision-making for treatment of first-episode schizophrenia (FES). METHODS We analyzed two non-independent subsamples of patients with FES ages 18-40 years from the OPTiMiSE study dataset to investigate the demographic and clinical factors that might help to differentiate "late" remitters (i.e., not in remission at week 2 or 4, but achieving remission within a 10-week follow-up period) from non-remitters within the same period. RESULTS Subsample 1 included 216 individuals (55 females, mean age 25.9 years) treated with amisulpride in an open-label design who were not in remission at week 2. Early symptomatic response between baseline and week 2 (odds ratio (OR) = 4.186, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.082-8.416, p < 0.001) and older age (OR = 1.081, 95% CI = 1.026-1.138, p = 0.003) were the only variables significantly associated with a higher probability of psychosis remission at week 4. Subsample 2 was composed of the 72 participants (19 females, mean age 25.1 years) who were not in remission at week 4 and completed a 6-week double-blind randomized trial comparing continuation of amisulpride with switch to olanzapine. Depression at baseline (as measured with the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia) was significantly associated with a nearly 3-fold lower likelihood of psychosis remission during the 10-week follow-up (hazard ratio = 2.865, 95% CI = 1.187-6.916, p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Our results reinforce the importance of assessing depressive symptoms in people with FES and support the relevance of an early response (as early as 2 weeks) as a predictor of clinical outcome in this population. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01248195, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01248195.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fraguas
- "Centro" Mental Health Center, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pina-Camacho
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Inge Winter van Rossum
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lone Baandrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Leucht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Omega-3 fatty acids reduce cardiometabolic risk in first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotics: Findings from the OFFER randomized controlled study. Schizophr Res 2021; 230:61-68. [PMID: 33684737 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of premature mortality observed in schizophrenia (SCZ). N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency has been reported in different stages of schizophrenia. N-3 PUFA supplementation was found to be beneficial in both chronic SCZ and MetS. No intervention studies based on n-3 PUFA as add-on therapy to antipsychotics have examined the changes in MetS risk in first-episode schizophrenia. AIM This randomized placebo-controlled trial assesses the effect of a 26-week intervention composed of either 2.2 g/day of n-3 PUFA or olive oil placebo on the frequency of MetS and the changes in its constituents as a secondary outcome measure. METHODS Seventy-one adult inpatients diagnosed with first-episode schizophrenia were randomly assigned to study groups. The active intervention used a 3:2 mixture of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Metabolic syndrome components were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS A significant reduction in the frequency of MetS was observed in the EPA + DHA group (p = 0.0408); as well as some specific MetS components: e.g., a decrease in fasting blood glucose (p = 0.045). The beneficial effects of EPA + DHA were even more pronounced in patients treated mainly with olanzapine, e.g. significant reductions of total cholesterol (p = 0.037) and blood glucose levels (p = 0.034). Significant positive correlations were found between the general psychopathology subscale of PANSS (primary outcome) and triglyceride level changes. CONCLUSION N-3 PUFA supplementation in early SCZ may constitute a safe and affordable intervention that can reduce the risk of MetS and its lethal complications.
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Puljic K, Herceg M, Tudor L, Pivac N. The association between prolactin concentration and aggression in female patients with schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:301-309. [PMID: 32657631 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1795254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the association between serum prolactin (PRL) concentration and aggression in female patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Female patients with schizophrenia (N = 120) were diagnosed using SCID-5 based on the DSM-5 criteria. They were sampled at the University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce during the period from March 2017 to March 2019. Aggression was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Overt Aggression Scale (OAS). Patients were subdivided into aggressive and non-aggressive groups. PRL was determined in serum using electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) method. RESULTS Aggressive patients with schizophrenia had significantly (p < 0.0001) increased PRL concentration compared to non-aggressive patients. Higher PRL concentration was significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with pronounced aggressive symptoms determined by the OAS scores. When patients were subdivided into those who were treated with risperidone, haloperidol, paliperidone, amisulpride, and a group that was not treated with these antipsychotics, aggressive patients in both groups had significantly higher PRL concentrations than non-aggressive patients. Higher antipsychotic dose was related to increased PRL concentration (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher PRL is significantly associated with aggression, irrespective of the antipsychotic medication, in female patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kresimir Puljic
- Department for Female Psychotic Disorders, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Herceg
- Department for Female Psychotic Disorders, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Wadhawan A, Reynolds MA, Makkar H, Scott AJ, Potocki E, Hoisington AJ, Brenner LA, Dagdag A, Lowry CA, Dwivedi Y, Postolache TT. Periodontal Pathogens and Neuropsychiatric Health. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1353-1397. [PMID: 31924157 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200110161105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence incriminates low-grade inflammation in cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, and neuropsychiatric clinical conditions, all important causes of morbidity and mortality. One of the upstream and modifiable precipitants and perpetrators of inflammation is chronic periodontitis, a polymicrobial infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) playing a central role in the disease pathogenesis. We review the association between P. gingivalis and cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric illness, and the molecular mechanisms potentially implicated in immune upregulation as well as downregulation induced by the pathogen. In addition to inflammation, translocation of the pathogens to the coronary and peripheral arteries, including brain vasculature, and gut and liver vasculature has important pathophysiological consequences. Distant effects via translocation rely on virulence factors of P. gingivalis such as gingipains, on its synergistic interactions with other pathogens, and on its capability to manipulate the immune system via several mechanisms, including its capacity to induce production of immune-downregulating micro-RNAs. Possible targets for intervention and drug development to manage distal consequences of infection with P. gingivalis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, United States
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore 21201, United States
| | - Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, United States
| | - Eileen Potocki
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, United States
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, United States
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, United States
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