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Jiang X, Liang B, Chen B, Wu X, Wang Y, Lin N, Huang H, Xu L. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic analysis of small supernumerary marker chromosomes in the eastern chinese han population: A retrospective study of 36 cases. Chromosome Res 2024; 32:9. [PMID: 39026136 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-024-09754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are additional chromosomes with unclear structures and origins, and their correlations with clinical fetal phenotypes remain incompletely understood, which reduces the accuracy of genetic counseling. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 36 cases of sSMCs diagnosed in our center. We performed G-banding and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). The resulting karyotypes were compared with case reports in the literature and various databases including OMIM, DECIPHER, ClinVar, ClinGen, ISCA, DGV, and PubMed. RESULTS Karyotype analysis data revealed that 19 out of 36 fetuses were mosaic. Copy number variants (CNVs) analysis results showed that 27 out of 36 fetuses harbored pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. Among these 27 cases, 11 fetuses carried sex chromosome-related CNVs, including 4 female cases exhibiting Turner syndrome phenotypes and 7 cases showing Y chromosome deletions. In the remaining 16 fetuses with autosomal CNVs, 9 fetuses carried variants associated with Cat eye syndrome, Emanuel syndrome, Tetrasomy 18p, and 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome. Among these, 22 fetuses were terminated, and the remaining 5 fetuses were delivered and developed normally. Additionally, we identified a few variants with unclear pathogenicity. CONCLUSION Cytogenetic analysis is essential for identifying the pathogenicity of sSMCs and increasing the accuracy of genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Jiang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Bilian Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Na Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China.
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Munezane H, Imamura K, Fujimoto N, Hotta A, Yukitake H, Inoue H. Elimination of the extra chromosome of Dup15q syndrome iPSCs for cellular and molecular investigation. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151446. [PMID: 39059105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 15q11.2-13.1 duplication (Dup15q) syndrome is one of the most common autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) associated with copy number variants (CNVs). For the analysis of CNV-relevant pathological cellular phenotypes, a CNV-corrected isogenic cell line is useful for excluding the influence of genetic background. Here, we devised a strategy to remove the isodicentric chromosome 15 by inserting a puro-ΔTK selection cassette into the extra chromosome using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, followed by a subsequent two-step drug selection. A series of assays, including qPCR-based copy number analysis and karyotype analysis, confirmed the elimination of the extra chromosome. Furthermore, cerebral organoids were generated from the parental Dup15q iPSCs and their isogenic iPSCs. scRNA-seq analysis revealed the alteration of expression levels in ion-channel-related genes and synapse-related genes in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in Dup15q organoids, respectively. The established isogenic cell line is a valuable resource for unraveling cellular and molecular alterations associated with Dup15q syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Munezane
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keiko Imamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan; iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 1-7 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan; Medical-Risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoko Fujimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukitake
- Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan; Global Advanced Platform, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan; iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 1-7 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan; Medical-Risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Saravanapandian V, Madani M, Nichols I, Vincent S, Dover M, Dikeman D, Philpot BD, Takumi T, Colwell CS, Jeste S, Paul KN, Golshani P. Sleep EEG signatures in mouse models of 15q11.2-13.1 duplication (Dup15q) syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:39. [PMID: 39014349 PMCID: PMC11251350 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are a prevalent and complex comorbidity in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Dup15q syndrome (duplications of 15q11.2-13.1) is a genetic disorder highly penetrant for NDDs such as autism and intellectual disability and it is frequently accompanied by significant disruptions in sleep patterns. The 15q critical region harbors genes crucial for brain development, notably UBE3A and a cluster of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) genes. We previously described an electrophysiological biomarker of the syndrome, marked by heightened beta oscillations (12-30 Hz) in individuals with Dup15q syndrome, akin to electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations induced by allosteric modulation of GABAARs. Those with Dup15q syndrome exhibited increased beta oscillations during the awake resting state and during sleep, and they showed profoundly abnormal NREM sleep. This study aims to assess the translational validity of these EEG signatures and to delve into their neurobiological underpinnings by quantifying sleep physiology in chromosome-engineered mice with maternal (matDp/ + mice) or paternal (patDp/ + mice) inheritance of the full 15q11.2-13.1-equivalent duplication, and mice with duplication of just the UBE3A gene (Ube3a overexpression mice; Ube3a OE mice) and comparing the sleep metrics with their respective wildtype (WT) littermate controls. METHODS We collected 48-h EEG/EMG recordings from 35 (23 male, 12 female) 12-24-week-old matDp/ + , patDp/ + , Ube3a OE mice, and their WT littermate controls. We quantified baseline sleep, sleep fragmentation, spectral power dynamics during sleep states, and recovery following sleep deprivation. Within each group, distinctions between Dup15q mutant mice and WT littermate controls were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and student's t-test. The impact of genotype and time was discerned through repeated measures ANOVA, and significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS Our study revealed that across brain states, matDp/ + mice mirrored the elevated beta oscillation phenotype observed in clinical EEGs from individuals with Dup15q syndrome. Time to sleep onset after light onset was significantly reduced in matDp/ + and Ube3a OE mice. However, NREM sleep between Dup15q mutant and WT littermate mice remained unaltered, suggesting a divergence from the clinical presentation in humans. Additionally, while increased beta oscillations persisted in matDp/ + mice after 6-h of sleep deprivation, recovery NREM sleep remained unaltered in all groups, thus suggesting that these mice exhibit resilience in the fundamental processes governing sleep-wake regulation. CONCLUSIONS Quantification of mechanistic and translatable EEG biomarkers is essential for advancing our understanding of NDDs and their underlying pathophysiology. Our study of sleep physiology in the Dup15q mice underscores that the beta EEG biomarker has strong translational validity, thus opening the door for pre-clinical studies of putative drug targets, using the biomarker as a translational measure of drug-target engagement. The unaltered NREM sleep may be due to inherent differences in neurobiology between mice and humans. These nuanced distinctions highlight the complexity of sleep disruptions in Dup15q syndrome and emphasize the need for a comprehensive understanding that encompasses both shared and distinct features between murine models and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Saravanapandian
- Department of Neurology and Semel Institute for Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Melika Madani
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - India Nichols
- Department of Biology, Spelman College, 350 Spelman Lane, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Scott Vincent
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mary Dover
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dante Dikeman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin D Philpot
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, UNC-Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Toru Takumi
- Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shafali Jeste
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS 82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Ketema N Paul
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Peyman Golshani
- Department of Neurology and Semel Institute for Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
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Montani C, Balasco L, Pagani M, Alvino FG, Barsotti N, de Guzman AE, Galbusera A, de Felice A, Nickl-Jockschat TK, Migliarini S, Casarosa S, Lau P, Mattioni L, Pasqualetti M, Provenzano G, Bozzi Y, Lombardo MV, Gozzi A. Sex-biasing influence of autism-associated Ube3a gene overdosage at connectomic, behavioral, and transcriptomic levels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg1421. [PMID: 38996019 PMCID: PMC11244557 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Genomic mechanisms enhancing risk in males may contribute to sex bias in autism. The ubiquitin protein ligase E3A gene (Ube3a) affects cellular homeostasis via control of protein turnover and by acting as transcriptional coactivator with steroid hormone receptors. Overdosage of Ube3a via duplication or triplication of chromosomal region 15q11-13 causes 1 to 2% of autistic cases. Here, we test the hypothesis that increased dosage of Ube3a may influence autism-relevant phenotypes in a sex-biased manner. We show that mice with extra copies of Ube3a exhibit sex-biasing effects on brain connectomics and autism-relevant behaviors. These effects are associated with transcriptional dysregulation of autism-associated genes, as well as genes differentially expressed in 15q duplication and in autistic people. Increased Ube3a dosage also affects expression of genes on the X chromosome, genes influenced by sex steroid hormone, and genes sex-differentially regulated by transcription factors. These results suggest that Ube3a overdosage can contribute to sex bias in neurodevelopmental conditions via influence on sex-differential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Montani
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, CNCS@UNITN, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Luigi Balasco
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Pagani
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, CNCS@UNITN, Rovereto, Italy
- Autism Center, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
- IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy
| | - Filomena Grazia Alvino
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, CNCS@UNITN, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Noemi Barsotti
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Elizabeth de Guzman
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, CNCS@UNITN, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alberto Galbusera
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, CNCS@UNITN, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessia de Felice
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, CNCS@UNITN, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Thomas K. Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sara Migliarini
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Casarosa
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Pierre Lau
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Human Technologies, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mattioni
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Massimo Pasqualetti
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Provenzano
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michael V. Lombardo
- Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, CNCS@UNITN, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzi
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, CNCS@UNITN, Rovereto, Italy
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Bezamat M, Carver CE, Vieira AR. Family-based GWAS for dental class I malocclusion and clefts. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:665. [PMID: 38849772 PMCID: PMC11162011 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals born with cleft lip and/or palate who receive corrective surgery regularly have abnormal growth in the midface region such that they exhibit premaxillary hypoplasia. However, there are also genetic contributions to craniofacial morphology in the midface region, so although these individuals appear to have Class III skeletal discrepancy, their molar relationship may be Class I. Past genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on skeletal Class II and III malocclusion suggested that multiple genetic markers contribute to these phenotypes via a multifactorial inheritance model, but research has yet to examine the genetic markers associated with dental Class I malocclusion. Thus, our goal was to conduct a family based GWAS to identify genes across the genome that are associated with Class I malocclusion, as defined by molar relations, in humans with and without clefts. METHODS Our cohort consisted of 739 individuals from 47 Filipino families originally recruited in 2006 to investigate the genetic basis of orofacial clefts. All individuals supplied blood samples for DNA extraction and genotyping, and a 5,766 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) custom panel was used for the analyses. We performed a transmission disequilibrium test for participants with and without clefts to identify genetic contributors potentially involved with Class I malocclusion. RESULTS In the total cohort, 13 SNPs had associations that reached the genomic control threshold (p < 0.005), while five SNPs were associated with Class I in the cohort of participants without clefts, including four associations that were identified in the total cohort. The associations for the SNPs ABCA4 rs952499, SOX1-OT rs726455, and RORA rs877228 are of particular interest, as past research found associations between these genes and various craniofacial phenotypes, including cleft lip and/or palate. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the multifactorial inheritance model for dental Class I malocclusion and suggest a common genetic basis for different aspects of craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bezamat
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chelsea E Carver
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834-4354, USA.
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Gardner Z, Holbrook O, Tian Y, Odamah K, Man HY. The role of glia in the dysregulation of neuronal spinogenesis in Ube3a-dependent ASD. Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114756. [PMID: 38508482 PMCID: PMC11058030 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of the Ube3a gene and the resulting increase in Ube3a protein are linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the cellular and molecular processes underlying Ube3a-dependent ASD remain unclear. Using both male and female mice, we find that neurons in the somatosensory cortex of the Ube3a 2× Tg ASD mouse model display reduced dendritic spine density and increased immature filopodia density. Importantly, the increased gene dosage of Ube3a in astrocytes alone is sufficient to confer alterations in neurons as immature dendritic protrusions, as observed in primary hippocampal neuron cultures. We show that Ube3a overexpression in astrocytes leads to a loss of astrocyte-derived spinogenic protein, thrombospondin-2 (TSP2), due to a suppression of TSP2 gene transcription. By neonatal intraventricular injection of astrocyte-specific virus, we demonstrate that Ube3a overexpression in astrocytes in vivo results in a reduction in dendritic spine maturation in prelimbic cortical neurons, accompanied with autistic-like behaviors in mice. These findings reveal an astrocytic dominance in initiating ASD pathobiology at the neuronal and behavior levels. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Increased gene dosage of Ube3a is tied to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), yet cellular and molecular alterations underlying autistic phenotypes remain unclear. We show that Ube3a overexpression leads to impaired dendritic spine maturation, resulting in reduced spine density and increased filopodia density. We find that dysregulation of spine development is not neuron autonomous, rather, it is mediated by an astrocytic mechanism. Increased gene dosage of Ube3a in astrocytes leads to reduced production of the spinogenic glycoprotein thrombospondin-2 (TSP2), leading to abnormalities in spines. Astrocyte-specific Ube3a overexpression in the brain in vivo confers dysregulated spine maturation concomitant with autistic-like behaviors in mice. These findings indicate the importance of astrocytes in aberrant neurodevelopment and brain function in Ube3a-depdendent ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Gardner
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Otto Holbrook
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - KathrynAnn Odamah
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., L-603, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
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Tian Y, Qiao H, Zhu LQ, Man HY. Sexually dimorphic phenotypes and the role of androgen receptors in UBE3A-dependent autism spectrum disorder. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592248. [PMID: 38746146 PMCID: PMC11092617 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by social, communication, and behavioral challenges. UBE3A is one of the most common ASD genes. ASDs display a remarkable sex difference with a 4:1 male to female prevalence ratio; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Using the UBE3A-overexpressing mouse model for ASD, we studied sex differences at behavioral, genetic, and molecular levels. We found that male mice with extra copies of Ube3A exhibited greater impairments in social interaction, repetitive self-grooming behavior, memory, and pain sensitivity, whereas female mice with UBE3A overexpression displayed greater olfactory defects. Social communication was impaired in both sexes, with males making more calls and females preferring complex syllables. At the molecular level, androgen receptor (AR) levels were reduced in both sexes due to enhanced degradation mediated by UBE3A. However, AR reduction significantly dysregulated AR target genes only in male, not female, UBE3A-overexpressing mice. Importantly, restoring AR levels in the brain effectively normalized the expression of AR target genes, and rescued the deficits in social preference, grooming behavior, and memory in male UBE3A-overexpressing mice, without affecting females. These findings suggest that AR and its signaling cascade play an essential role in mediating the sexually dimorphic changes in UBE3A-dependent ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Mim RA, Soorajkumar A, Kosaji N, Rahman MM, Sarker S, Karuvantevida N, Eshaque TB, Rahaman MA, Islam A, Chowdhury MSJ, Shams N, Uddin KMF, Akter H, Uddin M. Expanding deep phenotypic spectrum associated with atypical pathogenic structural variations overlapping 15q11-q13 imprinting region. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3437. [PMID: 38616334 PMCID: PMC11016631 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 15q11-q13 region is a genetic locus with genes subject to genomic imprinting, significantly influencing neurodevelopment. Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that causes differential gene expression based on the parent of origin. In most diploid organisms, gene expression typically involves an equal contribution from both maternal and paternal alleles, shaping the phenotype. Nevertheless, in mammals, including humans, mice, and marsupials, the functional equivalence of parental alleles is not universally maintained. Notably, during male and female gametogenesis, parental alleles may undergo differential marking or imprinting, thereby modifying gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) (resulting from the absence of paternally expressed genes in this region), Angelman syndrome (AS) (associated with the absence of the maternally expressed UBE3A gene), and 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (resulting from the two common forms of duplications-either an extra isodicentric 15 chromosome or an interstitial 15 duplication), are the outcomes of genetic variations in this imprinting region. METHODS Conducted a genomic study to identify the frequency of pathogenic variants impacting the 15q11-q13 region in an ethnically homogenous population from Bangladesh. Screened all known disorders from the DECIPHER database and identified variant enrichment within this cohort. Using the Horizon analysis platform, performed enrichment analysis, requiring at least >60% overlap between a copy number variation and a disorder breakpoint. Deep clinical phenotyping was carried out through multiple examination sessions to evaluate a range of clinical symptoms. RESULTS This study included eight individuals with clinically suspected PWS/AS, all previously confirmed through chromosomal microarray analysis, which revealed chromosomal breakpoints within the 15q11-q13 region. Among this cohort, six cases (75%) exhibited variable lengths of deletions, whereas two cases (25%) showed duplications. These included one type 2 duplication, one larger atypical duplication, one shorter type 2 deletion, one larger type 1 deletion, and four cases with atypical deletions. Furthermore, thorough clinical assessments led to the diagnosis of four PWS patients, two AS patients, and two individuals with 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome. CONCLUSION Our deep phenotypic observations identified a spectrum of clinical features that overlap and are unique to PWS, AS, and Dup15q syndromes. Our findings establish genotype-phenotype correlation for patients impacted by variable structural variations within the 15q11-q13 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeya Akter Mim
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre (GGMC)NeuroGen HealthcareDhakaBangladesh
| | - Anjana Soorajkumar
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG)Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai HealthDubaiUAE
| | - Noor Kosaji
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG)Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai HealthDubaiUAE
| | - Muhammad Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Shaoli Sarker
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre (GGMC)NeuroGen HealthcareDhakaBangladesh
- Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and InstituteDhakaBangladesh
| | - Noushad Karuvantevida
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG)Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai HealthDubaiUAE
| | | | - Md Atikur Rahaman
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre (GGMC)NeuroGen HealthcareDhakaBangladesh
| | - Amirul Islam
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre (GGMC)NeuroGen HealthcareDhakaBangladesh
- GenomeArc Inc.MississaugaOntarioCanada
| | - Mohammod Shah Jahan Chowdhury
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre (GGMC)NeuroGen HealthcareDhakaBangladesh
- Ministry of Health and Family WelfareDhakaBangladesh
| | - Nusrat Shams
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre (GGMC)NeuroGen HealthcareDhakaBangladesh
- National Institute of Neuroscience and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | - K. M. Furkan Uddin
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre (GGMC)NeuroGen HealthcareDhakaBangladesh
| | - Hosneara Akter
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre (GGMC)NeuroGen HealthcareDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG)Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai HealthDubaiUAE
- GenomeArc Inc.MississaugaOntarioCanada
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9
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Tian Y, Yu F, Yun E, Lin JW, Man HY. mRNA nuclear retention reduces AMPAR expression and promotes autistic behavior in UBE3A-overexpressing mice. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1282-1309. [PMID: 38316900 PMCID: PMC10933332 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
UBE3A is a common genetic factor in ASD etiology, and transgenic mice overexpressing UBE3A exhibit typical autistic-like behaviors. Because AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate most of the excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain, and synaptic dysregulation is considered one of the primary cellular mechanisms in ASD pathology, we investigate here the involvement of AMPARs in UBE3A-dependent ASD. We show that expression of the AMPAR GluA1 subunit is decreased in UBE3A-overexpressing mice, and that AMPAR-mediated neuronal activity is reduced. GluA1 mRNA is trapped in the nucleus of UBE3A-overexpressing neurons, suppressing GluA1 protein synthesis. Also, SARNP, an mRNA nuclear export protein, is downregulated in UBE3A-overexpressing neurons, causing GluA1 mRNA nuclear retention. Restoring SARNP levels not only rescues GluA1 mRNA localization and protein expression, but also normalizes neuronal activity and autistic behaviors in mice overexpressing UBE3A. These findings indicate that SARNP plays a crucial role in the cellular and behavioral phenotypes of UBE3A-induced ASD by regulating nuclear mRNA trafficking and protein translation of a key AMPAR subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Feiyuan Yu
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Eunice Yun
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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10
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Sleep M, Landaverde S, Lacoste A, Tan S, Schuback R, Reiter LT, Iyengar A. Glial expression of Drosophila UBE3A causes spontaneous seizures modulated by 5-HT signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.08.579543. [PMID: 38370819 PMCID: PMC10871353 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.579543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Misexpression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBE3A is thought to contribute to a range of neurological disorders. In the context of Dup15q syndrome, excess genomic copies of UBE3A is thought to contribute to the autism, muscle tone and spontaneous seizures characteristic of the disorder. In a Drosophila model of Dup 15q syndrome, it was recently shown glial-driven expression of the UBE3A ortholog dube3a led to a "bang-sensitive" phenotype, where mechanical shock triggers convulsions, suggesting glial dube3a expression contributes to hyperexcitability in flies. Here we directly compare the consequences of glial- and neuronal-driven dube3a expression on motor coordination and neuronal excitability in Drosophila. We utilized IowaFLI tracker and developed a hidden Markov Model to classify seizure-related immobilization. Both glial and neuronal driven dube3a expression led to clear motor phenotypes. However, only glial-driven dube3a expression displayed spontaneous immobilization events, that were exacerbated at high-temperature (38 °C). Using a tethered fly preparation we monitored flight muscle activity, we found glial-driven dube3a flies display spontaneous spike discharges which were bilaterally synchronized indicative of seizure activity. Neither control flies, nor neuronal- dube3a overexpressing flies display such firing patterns. Prior drug screen indicated bang-sensitivity in glial-driven dube3a expressing flies could be suppressed by certain 5-HT modulators. Consistent with this report, we found glial-driven dube3a flies fed the serotonin reuptake inhibitor vortioxetine and the 5HT 2A antagonist ketanserin displayed reduced immobilization and spike bursting. Together these findings highlight the potential for glial pathophysiology to drive Dup15q syndrome-related seizure activity.
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11
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Colijn MA, Smith CS, Thomas MA. Maternal 15q11.2-q13.1 duplication syndrome-associated psychosis and mania: a new case and review of the literature. Psychiatr Genet 2024; 34:1-7. [PMID: 38019137 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Maternal 15q11.2-q13.1 duplication syndrome is associated with a variety of developmental and neuropsychiatric abnormalities. Although schizophrenia-like presentations have been reported, details pertaining to the nature of the corresponding psychotic symptoms and their response to treatment have only been described in a few cases, and no reviews summarizing the literature currently exist. As such, we describe a new case of 15q11.2-q13.1 duplication syndrome-associated schizoaffective disorder and also performed a systematic review of the literature. Our patient's presentation is somewhat unique as she experienced visual hallucinations in the absence of auditory hallucinations. This is also the first report to describe full symptomatic remission in response to relatively low-dose atypical antipsychotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ainsley Colijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary
| | - Christopher S Smith
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Mary Ann Thomas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Parijs I, Brison N, Vancoillie L, Baetens M, Blaumeiser B, Boulanger S, Désir J, Dimitrov B, Fieremans N, Janssens K, Janssens S, Marichal A, Menten B, Meunier C, Van Berkel K, Van Den Bogaert A, Devriendt K, Van Den Bogaert K, Vermeesch JR. Population screening for 15q11-q13 duplications: corroboration of the difference in impact between maternally and paternally inherited alleles. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:31-36. [PMID: 37029316 PMCID: PMC10772068 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternally inherited 15q11-q13 duplications are generally found to cause more severe neurodevelopmental anomalies compared to paternally inherited duplications. However, this assessment is mainly inferred from the study of patient populations, causing an ascertainment bias towards patients at the more severe end of the phenotypic spectrum. Here, we analyze the low coverage genome-wide cell-free DNA sequencing data obtained from pregnant women during non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS). We detect 23 15q11-q13 duplications in 333,187 pregnant women (0.0069%), with an approximately equal distribution between maternal and paternal duplications. Maternally inherited duplications are always associated with a clinical phenotype (ranging from learning difficulties to intellectual impairment, epilepsy and psychiatric disorders), while paternal duplications are normal or associated with milder phenotypes (mild learning difficulties and dyslexia). This data corroborates the difference in impact between paternally and maternally inherited 15q11-q13 duplications, contributing to the improvement of genetic counselling. We recommend reporting 15q11-q13 duplications identified during genome-wide NIPS with appropriate genetic counselling for these pregnant women in the interest of both mothers and future children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Parijs
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Brison
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Vancoillie
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Machteld Baetens
- Center of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bettina Blaumeiser
- Center of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boulanger
- Center for Medical Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Julie Désir
- Center for Medical Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Boyan Dimitrov
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, research group Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Fieremans
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, research group Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrien Janssens
- Center of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Janssens
- Center of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Axel Marichal
- Center for Medical Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colombine Meunier
- Center for Medical Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Kim Van Berkel
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, research group Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Den Bogaert
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, research group Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Van Den Bogaert
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Rogers-Hammond R, Howell C. An integrated action plan to fund and support drug development for Dup15q syndrome: a patient organization perspective. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RARE DISEASE 2024; 5:26330040241234932. [PMID: 38450288 PMCID: PMC10916487 DOI: 10.1177/26330040241234932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Maternal 15q11.2-13.1 duplication syndrome, or Dup15q syndrome (Dup15q), is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder affecting as many as 1 in 5000 to 1 in 20,000 children worldwide. Autism and seizures are two of the most commonly observed phenotypes in Dup15q, with intellectual disability, hypotonia, gastrointestinal distress, and substantial fine and gross motor deficits also commonly reported. The community that is now known as the Dup15q Alliance started in 1994 as a small group of families raising children with chromosome 15q duplications. Originally named IsoDicentric 15 Exchange, Advocacy and Support (IDEAS), the group received official nonprofit organization status 10 years later and rebranded to its current name, Dup15q Alliance, shortly thereafter. Today, there are over 2200 families affiliated with Dup15q Alliance, with an average intake of 10 new families each month. Historically, Dup15q Alliance has provided the community with access to family and caregiver resources in addition to serving as a repository for basic educational information about Dup15q and research developments. The recent installation of a dedicated director of scientific and clinical initiatives alongside other infrastructural changes has now primed the Dup15q Alliance to expand its scientific footprint by funding cutting-edge research, supporting clinical sites and trials, and investing in novel therapeutics that have the potential to change the reality of a Dup15q syndrome diagnosis. To do this, we have developed the LEARN. TREAT. CURE. program to align initiatives, fast-track progress, and bring hope and reality into coexistence. Briefly, we seek to learn as much as we can about the syndrome through cutting-edge research, natural history studies, and patient registry utilization, identify and develop methods to treat the symptoms of our patient community, with the ultimate goal of developing a cure for the disease-causing symptoms of the syndrome.
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14
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Roy B, Amemasor E, Hussain S, Castro K. UBE3A: The Role in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and a Potential Candidate for Biomarker Studies and Designing Therapeutic Strategies. Diseases 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 38248358 PMCID: PMC10814747 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Published reports from the CDC's Autism and Development Disabilities Monitoring Networks have shown that an average of 1 in every 44 (2.3%) 8-year-old children were estimated to have ASD in 2018. Many of the ASDs exhibiting varying degrees of autism-like phenotypes have chromosomal anomalies in the Chr15q11-q13 region. Numerous potential candidate genes linked with ASD reside in this chromosomal segment. However, several clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies selected one gene more frequently than others randomly and unbiasedly. This gene codes for UBE3A or Ubiquitin protein ligase E3A [also known as E6AP ubiquitin-protein ligase (E6AP)], an enzyme involved in the cellular degradation of proteins. This gene has been listed as one of the several genes with a high potential of causing ASD in the Autism Database. The gain of function mutations, triplication, or duplication in the UBE3A gene is also associated with ASDs like Angelman Syndrome (AS) and Dup15q Syndrome. The genetic imprinting of UBE3A in the brain and a preference for neuronal maternal-specific expression are the key features of various ASDs. Since the UBE3A gene is involved in two main important diseases associated with autism-like symptoms, there has been widespread research going on in understanding the link between this gene and autism. Additionally, since no universal methodology or mechanism exists for identifying UBE3A-mediated ASD, it continues to be challenging for neurobiologists, neuroscientists, and clinicians to design therapies or diagnostic tools. In this review, we focus on the structure and functional aspects of the UBE3A protein, discuss the primary relevance of the 15q11-q13 region in the cause of ASDs, and highlight the link between UBE3A and ASD. We try to broaden the knowledge of our readers by elaborating on the possible mechanisms underlying UBE3A-mediated ASDs, emphasizing the usage of UBE3A as a prospective biomarker in the preclinical diagnosis of ASDs and discuss the positive outcomes, advanced developments, and the hurdles in the field of therapeutic strategies against UBE3A-mediated ASDs. This review is novel as it lays a very detailed and comprehensive platform for one of the most important genes associated with diseases showing autistic-like symptoms. Additionally, this review also attempts to lay optimistic feedback on the possible steps for the diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of these UBE3A-mediated ASDs in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Roy
- Life Science Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (E.A.); (S.H.); (K.C.)
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15
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Wheeler AC, Gantz MG, Cope H, Strong TV, Bohonowych JE, Moore A, Vogel-Farley V. Age of diagnosis for children with chromosome 15q syndromes. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:37. [PMID: 37936142 PMCID: PMC10629121 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify the age of diagnosis for children with one of three neurogenetic conditions resulting from changes in chromosome 15 (Angelman syndrome [AS], Prader-Willi syndrome [PWS], and duplication 15q syndrome [Dup15q]). METHODS Data about the diagnostic process for each condition were contributed by the advocacy organizations. Median and interquartile ranges were calculated for each condition by molecular subtype and year. Comparison tests were run to explore group differences. RESULTS The median age of diagnosis was 1.8 years for both AS and Dup15q. PWS was diagnosed significantly younger at a median age of 1 month. Deletion subtypes for both PWS and AS were diagnosed earlier than nondeletion subtypes, and children with isodicentric duplications in Dup15q were diagnosed earlier than those with interstitial duplications. CONCLUSION Understanding variability in the age of diagnosis for chromosome 15 disorders is an important step in reducing the diagnostic odyssey and improving access to interventions for these populations. Results from this study provide a baseline by which to evaluate efforts to reduce the age of diagnosis for individuals with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Wheeler
- Genomics, Ethics, and Translational Research Program, RTI International, 3040 W. Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Marie G Gantz
- Genomics, Ethics, and Translational Research Program, RTI International, 3040 W. Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Heidi Cope
- Genomics, Ethics, and Translational Research Program, RTI International, 3040 W. Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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16
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Chaudhary P, Proulx J, Park IW. Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) mediation of viral infection and human diseases. Virus Res 2023; 335:199191. [PMID: 37541588 PMCID: PMC10430597 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A, UBE3A, also known as E6-associated protein (E6-AP), is known to play an essential role in regulating the degradation of various proteins by transferring Ub from E2 Ub conjugating enzymes to the substrate proteins. Several studies indicate that UBE3A regulates the stabilities of key viral proteins in the virus-infected cells and, thereby, the infected virus-mediated diseases, even if it were reported that UBE3A participates in non-viral-related human diseases. Furthermore, mutations such as deletions and duplications in the maternally inherited gene in the brain cause human neurodevelopmental disorders such as Angelman syndrome (AS) and autism. It is also known that UBE3A functions as a transcriptional coactivator for the expression of steroid hormone receptors. These reports establish that UBE3A is distinguished by its multitudinous functions that are paramount to viral pathology and human diseases. This review is focused on molecular mechanisms for such intensive participation of UBE3A in disease formation and virus regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
| | - Jessica Proulx
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - In-Woo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
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17
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Sokol DK, Lahiri DK. Neurodevelopmental disorders and microcephaly: how apoptosis, the cell cycle, tau and amyloid-β precursor protein APPly. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1201723. [PMID: 37808474 PMCID: PMC10556256 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1201723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies promote new interest in the intersectionality between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's Disease. We have reported high levels of Amyloid-β Precursor Protein (APP) and secreted APP-alpha (sAPPa ) and low levels of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides 1-40 and 1-42 (Aβ40, Aβ42) in plasma and brain tissue from children with ASD. A higher incidence of microcephaly (head circumference less than the 3rd percentile) associates with ASD compared to head size in individuals with typical development. The role of Aβ peptides as contributors to acquired microcephaly in ASD is proposed. Aβ may lead to microcephaly via disruption of neurogenesis, elongation of the G1/S cell cycle, and arrested cell cycle promoting apoptosis. As the APP gene exists on Chromosome 21, excess Aβ peptides occur in Trisomy 21-T21 (Down's Syndrome). Microcephaly and some forms of ASD associate with T21, and therefore potential mechanisms underlying these associations will be examined in this review. Aβ peptides' role in other neurodevelopmental disorders that feature ASD and acquired microcephaly are reviewed, including dup 15q11.2-q13, Angelman and Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah K. Sokol
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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18
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Yang Y, Hao W. Molecular and cytogenetic analysis of small supernumerary marker chromosomes in prenatal diagnosis. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:23. [PMID: 37667392 PMCID: PMC10476427 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) is a structurally abnormal chromosome of unknown origin by conventional cytogenetics. The understanding of clinical significance of sSMC is still limited in prenatal diagnosis. The presence of sSMC poses a challenge for genetic counselling. METHODS We obtained the clinical information of 25 cases with sSMC. The fetal samples were subjected to multiple molecular and cytogenetic approaches including karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis, bacterial artificial chromosomes-on-beads assay, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS Seven sSMCs were found to be r(X), and five of the cases terminated the pregnancy. Three markers were idic(15), and one of the cases was normal at birth. Two markers were i(12p), and both cases terminated the pregnancy. Other markers were r(Y) (outcome: normal at birth), i(18p) (outcome: stillbirth), der(15) (outcome: terminated), del(9) (outcome: terminated), dup(13) (outcome: follow-up loss), and derived from chromosome 21 (outcome: stillbirth). Seven markers were of unknown origin because not all methods were applied to them. CONCLUSION Applying multiple molecular and cytogenetic approaches could identify the origin and genetic content of sSMC to assist the genetic counselling in prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital, #369 Kunpeng Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wang Hao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital, #369 Kunpeng Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Cucinotta F, Lintas C, Tomaiuolo P, Baccarin M, Picinelli C, Castronovo P, Sacco R, Piras IS, Turriziani L, Ricciardello A, Scattoni ML, Persico AM. Diagnostic yield and clinical impact of chromosomal microarray analysis in autism spectrum disorder. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2182. [PMID: 37186221 PMCID: PMC10422062 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by high heritability estimates and recurrence rates; its genetic underpinnings are very heterogeneous and include variable combinations of common and rare variants. Array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) offers significant sensitivity for the identification of copy number variants (CNVs), which can act as susceptibility or causal factors for ASD. METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate both diagnostic yield and clinical impact of aCGH in 329 ASD patients of Italian descent. RESULTS Pathogenic/likely pathogenic CNVs were identified in 50/329 (15.2%) patients, whereas 89/329 (27.1%) carry variants of uncertain significance. The 10 most enriched gene sets identified by Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis are primarily involved in neuronal function and synaptic connectivity. In 13/50 (26.0%) patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic CNVs, the outcome of array-CGH led to the request of 25 additional medical exams which would not have otherwise been prescribed, mainly including brain MRI, EEG, EKG, and/or cardiac ultrasound. A positive outcome was obtained in 12/25 (48.0%) of these additional tests. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the satisfactory diagnostic yield of aCGH, underscoring its potential for better, more in-depth care of children with autism when genetic results are analyzed also with a focus on patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cucinotta
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0‐90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of MessinaMessinaItaly
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo”MessinaItaly
| | - Carla Lintas
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and NeurogeneticsUniversity “Campus Bio‐Medico”RomeItaly
| | - Pasquale Tomaiuolo
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0‐90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Marco Baccarin
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental DisordersMilanItaly
- Synlab GeneticsBioggioSwitzerland
| | - Chiara Picinelli
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental DisordersMilanItaly
| | - Paola Castronovo
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental DisordersMilanItaly
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and NeurogeneticsUniversity “Campus Bio‐Medico”RomeItaly
| | - Ignazio Stefano Piras
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and NeurogeneticsUniversity “Campus Bio‐Medico”RomeItaly
- Neurogenomics DivisionThe Translational Genomics Research InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Laura Turriziani
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0‐90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Arianna Ricciardello
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0‐90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | | | - Antonio M. Persico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Program, Modena University Hospital & Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
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20
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Xing L, Simon JM, Ptacek TS, Yi JJ, Loo L, Mao H, Wolter JM, McCoy ES, Paranjape SR, Taylor-Blake B, Zylka MJ. Autism-linked UBE3A gain-of-function mutation causes interneuron and behavioral phenotypes when inherited maternally or paternally in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112706. [PMID: 37389991 PMCID: PMC10530456 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Ube3a is biallelically expressed in neural progenitors and glial cells, suggesting that UBE3A gain-of-function mutations might cause neurodevelopmental disorders irrespective of parent of origin. Here, we engineered a mouse line that harbors an autism-linked UBE3AT485A (T503A in mouse) gain-of-function mutation and evaluated phenotypes in animals that inherited the mutant allele paternally, maternally, or from both parents. We find that paternally and maternally expressed UBE3AT503A results in elevated UBE3A activity in neural progenitors and glial cells. Expression of UBE3AT503A from the maternal allele, but not the paternal one, leads to a persistent elevation of UBE3A activity in neurons. Mutant mice display behavioral phenotypes that differ by parent of origin. Expression of UBE3AT503A, irrespective of its parent of origin, promotes transient embryonic expansion of Zcchc12 lineage interneurons. Phenotypes of Ube3aT503A mice are distinct from Angelman syndrome model mice. Our study has clinical implications for a growing number of disease-linked UBE3A gain-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #7255, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #7264, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Travis S Ptacek
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #7255, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jason J Yi
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #7255, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lipin Loo
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hanqian Mao
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #7255, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Justin M Wolter
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #7255, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #7264, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric S McCoy
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Smita R Paranjape
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bonnie Taylor-Blake
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark J Zylka
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #7255, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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21
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Farrell M, Dietterich TE, Harner MK, Bruno LM, Filmyer DM, Shaughnessy RA, Lichtenstein ML, Britt AM, Biondi TF, Crowley JJ, Lázaro-Muñoz G, Forsingdal AE, Nielsen J, Didriksen M, Berg JS, Wen J, Szatkiewicz J, Mary Xavier R, Sullivan PF, Josiassen RC. Increased Prevalence of Rare Copy Number Variants in Treatment-Resistant Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:881-892. [PMID: 36454006 PMCID: PMC10318882 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown why ~30% of patients with psychotic disorders fail to respond to treatment. Previous genomic investigations of treatment-resistant psychosis have been inconclusive, but some evidence suggests a possible link between rare disease-associated copy number variants (CNVs) and worse clinical outcomes in schizophrenia. Here, we identified schizophrenia-associated CNVs in patients with treatment-resistant psychotic symptoms and then compared the prevalence of these CNVs to previously published schizophrenia cases not selected for treatment resistance. METHODS CNVs were identified using chromosomal microarray (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) in 509 patients with treatment-resistant psychosis (a lack of clinical response to ≥3 adequate antipsychotic medication trials over at least 5 years of psychiatric hospitalization). Prevalence of schizophrenia-associated CNVs in this sample was compared to that in a previously published large schizophrenia cohort study. RESULTS Integrating CMA and WES data, we identified 47 cases (9.2%) with at least one CNV of known or possible neuropsychiatric risk. 4.7% (n = 24) carried a known neurodevelopmental risk CNV. The prevalence of well-replicated schizophrenia-associated CNVs was 4.1%, with duplications of the 16p11.2 and 15q11.2-q13.1 regions, and deletions of the 22q11.2 chromosomal region as the most frequent CNVs. Pairwise loci-based analysis identified duplications of 15q11.2-q13.1 to be independently associated with treatment resistance. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CNVs may uniquely impact clinical phenotypes beyond increasing risk for schizophrenia and may potentially serve as biological entry points for studying treatment resistance. Further investigation will be necessary to elucidate the spectrum of phenotypic characteristics observed in adult psychiatric patients with disease-associated CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martilias Farrell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa M Bruno
- Translational Neuroscience, LLC, Conshohocken, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allison M Britt
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tamara F Biondi
- Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James J Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz
- Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jacob Nielsen
- Division of Neuroscience, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | | | - Jonathan S Berg
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jin Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rose Mary Xavier
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Elamin M, Dumarchey A, Stoddard C, Robinson TM, Cowie C, Gorka D, Chamberlain SJ, Levine ES. The role of UBE3A in the autism and epilepsy-related Dup15q syndrome using patient-derived, CRISPR-corrected neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:884-898. [PMID: 36898382 PMCID: PMC10147551 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (Dup15q) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by maternal duplications of this region. Autism and epilepsy are key features of Dup15q. UBE3A, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is likely a major driver of Dup15q because UBE3A is the only imprinted gene expressed solely from the maternal allele. Nevertheless, the exact role of UBE3A has not been determined. To establish whether UBE3A overexpression is required for Dup15q neuronal deficits, we generated an isogenic control line for a Dup15q patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell line. Dup15q neurons exhibited hyperexcitability compared with control neurons, and this phenotype was generally prevented by normalizing UBE3A levels using antisense oligonucleotides. Overexpression of UBE3A resulted in a profile similar to that of Dup15q neurons except for synaptic phenotypes. These results indicate that UBE3A overexpression is necessary for most Dup15q cellular phenotypes but also suggest a role for other genes in the duplicated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Elamin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Aurelie Dumarchey
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Christopher Stoddard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tiwanna M Robinson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Christopher Cowie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Dea Gorka
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Stormy J Chamberlain
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Eric S Levine
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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23
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Molloy CJ, Quigley C, McNicholas Á, Lisanti L, Gallagher L. A review of the cognitive impact of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric associated copy number variants. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:116. [PMID: 37031194 PMCID: PMC10082763 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The heritability of intelligence or general cognitive ability is estimated at 41% and 66% in children and adults respectively. Many rare copy number variants are associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions (ND-CNV), including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, and may contribute to the observed variability in cognitive ability. Here, we reviewed studies of intelligence quotient or cognitive function in ND-CNV carriers, from both general population and clinical cohorts, to understand the cognitive impact of ND-CNV in both contexts and identify potential genotype-specific cognitive phenotypes. We reviewed aggregate studies of sets ND-CNV broadly linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions, and genotype-first studies of a subset of 12 ND-CNV robustly associated with schizophrenia and autism. Cognitive impacts were observed across ND-CNV in both general population and clinical cohorts, with reports of phenotypic heterogeneity. Evidence for ND-CNV-specific impacts were limited by a small number of studies and samples sizes. A comprehensive understanding of the cognitive impact of ND-CNVs would be clinically informative and could identify potential educational needs for ND-CNV carriers. This could improve genetic counselling for families impacted by ND-CNV, and clinical outcomes for those with complex needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara J Molloy
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ciara Quigley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Áine McNicholas
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda Lisanti
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- The Hospital for SickKids, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, SickKids Research Institute, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Miyake N, Tsurusaki Y, Fukai R, Kushima I, Okamoto N, Ohashi K, Nakamura K, Hashimoto R, Hiraki Y, Son S, Kato M, Sakai Y, Osaka H, Deguchi K, Matsuishi T, Takeshita S, Fattal-Valevski A, Ekhilevitch N, Tohyama J, Yap P, Keng WT, Kobayashi H, Takubo K, Okada T, Saitoh S, Yasuda Y, Murai T, Nakamura K, Ohga S, Matsumoto A, Inoue K, Saikusa T, Hershkovitz T, Kobayashi Y, Morikawa M, Ito A, Hara T, Uno Y, Seiwa C, Ishizuka K, Shirahata E, Fujita A, Koshimizu E, Miyatake S, Takata A, Mizuguchi T, Ozaki N, Matsumoto N. Molecular diagnosis of 405 individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Eur J Hum Genet 2023:10.1038/s41431-023-01335-7. [PMID: 36973392 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is caused by combined genetic and environmental factors. Genetic heritability in ASD is estimated as 60-90%, and genetic investigations have revealed many monogenic factors. We analyzed 405 patients with ASD using family-based exome sequencing to detect disease-causing single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertions and deletions (indels), and copy number variations (CNVs) for molecular diagnoses. All candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing or quantitative polymerase chain reaction and were evaluated using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines for molecular diagnosis. We identified 55 disease-causing SNVs/indels in 53 affected individuals and 13 disease-causing CNVs in 13 affected individuals, achieving a molecular diagnosis in 66 of 405 affected individuals (16.3%). Among the 55 disease-causing SNVs/indels, 51 occurred de novo, 2 were compound heterozygous (in one patient), and 2 were X-linked hemizygous variants inherited from unaffected mothers. The molecular diagnosis rate in females was significantly higher than that in males. We analyzed affected sibling cases of 24 quads and 2 quintets, but only one pair of siblings shared an identical pathogenic variant. Notably, there was a higher molecular diagnostic rate in simplex cases than in multiplex families. Our simulation indicated that the diagnostic yield is increasing by 0.63% (range 0-2.5%) per year. Based on our simple simulation, diagnostic yield is improving over time. Thus, periodical reevaluation of ES data should be strongly encouraged in undiagnosed ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Faculty of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women's University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ryoko Fukai
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Ohashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yoko Hiraki
- Hiroshima Municipal Center for Child Health and Development, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shuraku Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | | | - Toyojiro Matsuishi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Saoko Takeshita
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aviva Fattal-Valevski
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center & Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nina Ekhilevitch
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jun Tohyama
- Department of Child Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Patrick Yap
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wee Teik Keng
- Genetic Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Deguchi Pediatric Clinic, Omura, Japan
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saikusa
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tova Hershkovitz
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yu Kobayashi
- Department of Child Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mako Morikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata Prefectural Rehabilitation Center for Children with Disabilities, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Yota Uno
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chizuru Seiwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata Prefectural Rehabilitation Center for Children with Disabilities, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Emi Shirahata
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata Prefectural Rehabilitation Center for Children with Disabilities, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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25
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Ryan NM, Heron EA. Evidence for parent-of-origin effects in autism spectrum disorder: a narrative review. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:303-317. [PMID: 36710277 PMCID: PMC10076404 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders known to be highly heritable with a complex genetic architecture. Abnormal brain developmental trajectories that impact synaptic functioning, excitation-inhibition balance and brain connectivity are now understood to play a central role in ASD. Ongoing efforts to identify the genetic underpinnings still prove challenging, in part due to phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity.This review focuses on parent-of-origin effects (POEs), where the phenotypic effect of an allele depends on its parental origin. POEs include genomic imprinting, transgenerational effects, mitochondrial DNA, sex chromosomes and mutational transmission bias. The motivation for investigating these mechanisms in ASD has been driven by their known impacts on early brain development and brain functioning, in particular for the most well-documented POE, genomic imprinting. Moreover, imprinting is implicated in syndromes such as Angelman and Prader-Willi, which frequently share comorbid symptoms with ASD. In addition to other regions in the genome, this comprehensive review highlights the 15q11-q13 and 7q chromosomal regions as well as the mitochondrial DNA as harbouring the majority of currently identified POEs in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M Ryan
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth A Heron
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Case Report: Autism Risk Within the Context of Two Chromosome 15 Syndromes. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:503-513. [PMID: 34997429 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05422-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Warren EB, Briano JA, Ellegood J, DeYoung T, Lerch JP, Morrow EM. 17q12 deletion syndrome mouse model shows defects in craniofacial, brain and kidney development, and glucose homeostasis. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049752. [PMID: 36373506 PMCID: PMC10655816 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
17q12 deletion (17q12Del) syndrome is a copy number variant (CNV) disorder associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (RCAD). Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated a mouse model of 17q12Del syndrome on both inbred (C57BL/6N) and outbred (CD-1) genetic backgrounds. On C57BL/6N, the 17q12Del mice had severe head development defects, potentially mediated by haploinsufficiency of Lhx1, a gene within the interval that controls head development. Phenotypes included brain malformations, particularly disruption of the telencephalon and craniofacial defects. On the CD-1 background, the 17q12Del mice survived to adulthood and showed milder craniofacial and brain abnormalities. We report postnatal brain defects using automated magnetic resonance imaging-based morphometry. In addition, we demonstrate renal and blood glucose abnormalities relevant to RCAD. On both genetic backgrounds, we found sex-specific presentations, with male 17q12Del mice exhibiting higher penetrance and more severe phenotypes. Results from these experiments pinpoint specific developmental defects and pathways that guide clinical studies and a mechanistic understanding of the human 17q12Del syndrome. This mouse mutant represents the first and only experimental model to date for the 17q12 CNV disorder. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Warren
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Juan A. Briano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Taylor DeYoung
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Eric M. Morrow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Stelzer JA, Yi JJ. A Scalable, Cell-based Method for the Functional Assessment of Ube3a Variants. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64454. [PMID: 36282706 PMCID: PMC10563361 DOI: 10.3791/64454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased use of sequencing in medicine has identified millions of coding variants in the human genome. Many of these variants occur in genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, but the functional significance of the vast majority of variants remains unknown. The present protocol describes the study of variants for Ube3a, a gene that encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase linked to both autism and Angelman syndrome. Duplication or triplication of Ube3a is strongly linked to autism, whereas its deletion causes Angelman syndrome. Thus, understanding the valence of changes in UBE3A protein activity is important for clinical outcomes. Here, a rapid, cell-based method that pairs Ube3a variants with a Wnt pathway reporter is described. This simple assay is scalable and can be used to determine the valence and magnitude of activity changes in any Ube3a variant. Moreover, the facility of this method allows the generation of a wealth of structure-function information, which can be used to gain deep insights into the enzymatic mechanisms of UBE3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalin A Stelzer
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Jason J Yi
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine;
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Panov J, Kaphzan H. An Association Study of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Angelman Syndrome: A Bioinformatics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169139. [PMID: 36012404 PMCID: PMC9409443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the loss of function of the E3-ligase UBE3A. Despite multiple studies, AS pathophysiology is still obscure and has mostly been explored in rodent models of the disease. In recent years, a growing body of studies has utilized omics datasets in the attempt to focus research regarding the pathophysiology of AS. Here, for the first time, we utilized a multi-omics approach at the epigenomic level and the transcriptome level, for human-derived neurons. Using publicly available datasets for DNA methylation and gene expression, we found genome regions in proximity to gene promoters and intersecting with gene-body regions that were differentially methylated and differentially expressed in AS. We found that overall, the genome in AS postmortem brain tissue was hypo-methylated compared to healthy controls. We also found more upregulated genes than downregulated genes in AS. Many of these dysregulated genes in neurons obtained from AS patients are known to be critical for neuronal development and synaptic functioning. Taken together, our results suggest a list of dysregulated genes that may be involved in AS development and its pathological features. Moreover, these genes might also have a role in neurodevelopmental disorders similar to AS.
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Mapelli L, Soda T, D’Angelo E, Prestori F. The Cerebellar Involvement in Autism Spectrum Disorders: From the Social Brain to Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073894. [PMID: 35409253 PMCID: PMC8998980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders that include a variety of forms and clinical phenotypes. This heterogeneity complicates the clinical and experimental approaches to ASD etiology and pathophysiology. To date, a unifying theory of these diseases is still missing. Nevertheless, the intense work of researchers and clinicians in the last decades has identified some ASD hallmarks and the primary brain areas involved. Not surprisingly, the areas that are part of the so-called “social brain”, and those strictly connected to them, were found to be crucial, such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, limbic system, and dopaminergic pathways. With the recent acknowledgment of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive functions and the social brain, its involvement in ASD has become unmistakable, though its extent is still to be elucidated. In most cases, significant advances were made possible by recent technological developments in structural/functional assessment of the human brain and by using mouse models of ASD. Mouse models are an invaluable tool to get insights into the molecular and cellular counterparts of the disease, acting on the specific genetic background generating ASD-like phenotype. Given the multifaceted nature of ASD and related studies, it is often difficult to navigate the literature and limit the huge content to specific questions. This review fulfills the need for an organized, clear, and state-of-the-art perspective on cerebellar involvement in ASD, from its connections to the social brain areas (which are the primary sites of ASD impairments) to the use of monogenic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mapelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.S.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Egidio D’Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.S.); (E.D.)
- Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Prestori
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (T.S.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (F.P.)
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Hyperexcitable Phenotypes in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons From Patients With 15q11-q13 Duplication Syndrome, a Genetic Form of Autism. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:756-765. [PMID: 34538422 PMCID: PMC8571044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (Dup15q) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by duplications of the maternal copy of this region. In addition to hypotonia, motor deficits, and language impairments, patients with Dup15q commonly meet the criteria for autism spectrum disorder and have a high prevalence of seizures. It is known from mouse models that synaptic impairments are a strong component of Dup15q pathophysiology; however, cellular phenotypes that relate to seizures are less clear. The development of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells provides a unique opportunity to study human neurons with the exact genetic disruptions that cause Dup15q. METHODS Here, we explored electrophysiological phenotypes in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from 4 patients with Dup15q compared with 6 unaffected control subjects, 1 patient with a 15q11-q13 paternal duplication, and 3 patients with Angelman syndrome. RESULTS We identified several properties of Dup15q neurons that could contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability and seizure susceptibility. Compared with control neurons, Dup15q neurons had increased excitatory synaptic event frequency and amplitude, increased density of dendritic protrusions, increased action potential firing, and decreased inhibitory synaptic transmission. Dup15q neurons also showed impairments in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and homeostatic synaptic scaling. Finally, Dup15q neurons showed an increased frequency of spontaneous action potential firing compared with control neurons, in part due to disruption of KCNQ2 potassium channels. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data point to multiple electrophysiological mechanisms of hyperexcitability that may provide new targets for the treatment of seizures and other phenotypes associated with Dup15q.
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Modenato C, Martin-Brevet S, Moreau CA, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Kumar K, Draganski B, Sønderby IE, Jacquemont S. Lessons Learned From Neuroimaging Studies of Copy Number Variants: A Systematic Review. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:596-610. [PMID: 34509290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) and aneuploidies alter gene dosage and are associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Brain mechanisms mediating genetic risk for neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders remain largely unknown, but there is a rapid increase in morphometry studies of CNVs using T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. Studies have been conducted one mutation at a time, leaving the field with a complex catalog of brain alterations linked to different genomic loci. Our aim was to provide a systematic review of neuroimaging phenotypes across CNVs associated with developmental psychiatric disorders including autism and schizophrenia. We included 76 structural magnetic resonance imaging studies on 20 CNVs at the 15q11.2, 22q11.2, 1q21.1 distal, 16p11.2 distal and proximal, 7q11.23, 15q11-q13, and 22q13.33 (SHANK3) genomic loci as well as aneuploidies of chromosomes X, Y, and 21. Moderate to large effect sizes on global and regional brain morphometry are observed across all genomic loci, which is in line with levels of symptom severity reported for these variants. This is in stark contrast with the much milder neuroimaging effects observed in idiopathic psychiatric disorders. Data also suggest that CNVs have independent effects on global versus regional measures as well as on cortical surface versus thickness. Findings highlight a broad diversity of regional morphometry patterns across genomic loci. This heterogeneity of brain patterns provides insight into the weak effects reported in magnetic resonance imaging studies of cognitive dimension and psychiatric conditions. Neuroimaging studies across many more variants will be required to understand links between gene function and brain morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Modenato
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara A Moreau
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3571, Department of Neuroscience, Université de Paris, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et Apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Neurology Department, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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A rare familial rearrangement of chromosomes 9 and 15 associated with intellectual disability: a clinical and molecular study. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:47. [PMID: 34607577 PMCID: PMC8489072 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are many reports on rearrangements occurring separately in the regions of chromosomes 9p and 15q affected in the case under study. 15q duplication syndrome is caused by the presence of at least one extra maternally derived copy of the Prader–Willi/Angelman critical region. Trisomy 9p is the fourth most frequent chromosome anomaly with a clinically recognizable syndrome often accompanied by intellectual disability. Here we report a new case of a patient with maternally derived unique complex sSMC resulting in partial trisomy of both chromosomes 9 and 15 associated with intellectual disability. Case presentation We characterise a supernumerary derivative chromosome 15: 47,XY,+der(15)t(9;15)(p21.2;q13.2), likely resulting from 3:1 malsegregation during maternal gametogenesis. Chromosomal analysis showed that a phenotypically normal mother is a carrier of balanced translocation t(9;15)(p21.1;q13.2). Her 7-year-old son showed signs of intellectual disability and a number of physical abnormalities including bilateral cryptorchidism and congenital megaureter. The child’s magnetic resonance imaging showed changes in brain volume and in structural and functional connectivity revealing phenotypic changes caused by the presence of the extra chromosome material, whereas the mother’s brain MRI was normal. Sequence analyses of the microdissected der(15) chromosome detected two breakpoint regions: HSA9:25,928,021-26,157,441 (9p21.2 band) and HSA15:30,552,104-30,765,905 (15q13.2 band). The breakpoint region on chromosome HSA9 is poor in genetic features with several areas of high homology with the breakpoint region on chromosome 15. The breakpoint region on HSA15 is located in the area of a large segmental duplication. Conclusions We discuss the case of these phenotypic and brain MRI features in light of reported signatures for 9p partial trisomy and 15 duplication syndromes and analyze how the genomic characteristics of the found breakpoint regions have contributed to the origin of the derivative chromosome. We recommend MRI for all patients with a developmental delay, especially in cases with identified rearrangements, to accumulate more information on brain phenotypes related to chromosomal syndromes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13039-021-00565-y.
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Saravanapandian V, Nadkarni D, Hsu SH, Hussain SA, Maski K, Golshani P, Colwell CS, Balasubramanian S, Dixon A, Geschwind DH, Jeste SS. Abnormal sleep physiology in children with 15q11.2-13.1 duplication (Dup15q) syndrome. Mol Autism 2021; 12:54. [PMID: 34344470 PMCID: PMC8336244 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represent a common and vexing comorbidity. Clinical heterogeneity amongst these warrants studies of the mechanisms associated with specific genetic etiologies. Duplications of 15q11.2-13.1 (Dup15q syndrome) are highly penetrant for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as intellectual disability and ASD, as well as sleep disturbances. Genes in the 15q region, particularly UBE3A and a cluster of GABAA receptor genes, are critical for neural development, synaptic protein synthesis and degradation, and inhibitory neurotransmission. During awake electroencephalography (EEG), children with Dup15q syndrome demonstrate increased beta band oscillations (12-30 Hz) that likely reflect aberrant GABAergic neurotransmission. Healthy sleep rhythms, necessary for robust cognitive development, are also highly dependent on GABAergic neurotransmission. We therefore hypothesized that sleep physiology would be abnormal in children with Dup15q syndrome. METHODS To test the hypothesis that elevated beta oscillations persist in sleep in Dup15q syndrome and that NREM sleep rhythms would be disrupted, we computed: (1) beta power, (2) spindle density, and (3) percentage of slow-wave sleep (SWS) in overnight sleep EEG recordings from a cohort of children with Dup15q syndrome (n = 15) and compared them to age-matched neurotypical children (n = 12). RESULTS Children with Dup15q syndrome showed abnormal sleep physiology with elevated beta power, reduced spindle density, and reduced or absent SWS compared to age-matched neurotypical controls. LIMITATIONS This study relied on clinical EEG where sleep staging was not available. However, considering that clinical polysomnograms are challenging to collect in this population, the ability to quantify these biomarkers on clinical EEG-routinely ordered for epilepsy monitoring-opens the door for larger-scale studies. While comparable to other human studies in rare genetic disorders, a larger sample would allow for examination of the role of seizure severity, medications, and developmental age that may impact sleep physiology. CONCLUSIONS We have identified three quantitative EEG biomarkers of sleep disruption in Dup15q syndrome, a genetic condition highly penetrant for ASD. Insights from this study not only promote a greater mechanistic understanding of the pathophysiology defining Dup15q syndrome, but also lay the foundation for studies that investigate the association between sleep and cognition. Abnormal sleep physiology may undermine healthy cognitive development and may serve as a quantifiable and modifiable target for behavioral and pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Saravanapandian
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. .,Neuroscience Interdepartmental Ph.D. Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Divya Nadkarni
- Division of Pediatric Epilepsy, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron, Akron, OH, 44308, USA
| | - Sheng-Hsiou Hsu
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Shaun A Hussain
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kiran Maski
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peyman Golshani
- Department of Neurology and Semel Institute for Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Amos Dixon
- Undergraduate Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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Fu Z, Jia YX, Fu JX, Li TX, Zhao JJ, Wang T, Qiao ZD, Liu XY, Tang R, Lv T, Yang GL. A case of 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome and literature review. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2219. [PMID: 34292674 PMCID: PMC8413793 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chromosomal 15q11-q13 regions are structurally complex, and their abnormalities are associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), epilepsy, Angelman syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. CASE DESCRIPTION A 6-year-old child was admitted to the hospital as a result of an "epileptic status" showing ASD, intractable epilepsy, and total developmental retardation. Chromosome gene detection showed repetitive variation in the 15q11-q13 regions, and the video electroencephalogram was abnormal. Although children are currently given antiepileptic treatment and rehabilitation training, intermittent seizures can still occur. CONCLUSION The clinical phenotypes of 15q11-q13 repetitive syndrome are complex, and vary in severity. Children with intractable epilepsy, ASD, and language and motor retardation should be considered to have this syndrome, which requires confirmation by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and gene detection. These approaches can enable early rehabilitation treatment and improve the patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Fu
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yue-Xin Jia
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun-Xian Fu
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tian-Xia Li
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Qiao
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Lv
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guang-Lu Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Tamada K, Fukumoto K, Toya T, Nakai N, Awasthi JR, Tanaka S, Okabe S, Spitz F, Saitow F, Suzuki H, Takumi T. Genetic dissection identifies Necdin as a driver gene in a mouse model of paternal 15q duplications. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4056. [PMID: 34210967 PMCID: PMC8249516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternally inherited duplication of chromosome 15q11-q13 (Dup15q) is a pathogenic copy number variation (CNV) associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recently, paternally derived duplication has also been shown to contribute to the development of ASD. The molecular mechanism underlying paternal Dup15q remains unclear. Here, we conduct genetic and overexpression-based screening and identify Necdin (Ndn) as a driver gene for paternal Dup15q resulting in the development of ASD-like phenotypes in mice. An excess amount of Ndn results in enhanced spine formation and density as well as hyperexcitability of cortical pyramidal neurons. We generate 15q dupΔNdn mice with a normalized copy number of Ndn by excising its one copy from Dup15q mice using a CRISPR-Cas9 system. 15q dupΔNdn mice do not show ASD-like phenotypes and show dendritic spine dynamics and cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance similar to wild type animals. Our study provides an insight into the role of Ndn in paternal 15q duplication and a mouse model of paternal Dup15q syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Tamada
- grid.474690.8RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan ,grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami, Hiroshima, Japan ,grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keita Fukumoto
- grid.474690.8RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan ,grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Toya
- grid.474690.8RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakai
- grid.474690.8RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan ,grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami, Hiroshima, Japan ,grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Janak R. Awasthi
- grid.474690.8RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan ,grid.263023.60000 0001 0703 3735Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - François Spitz
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Fumihito Saitow
- grid.410821.e0000 0001 2173 8328Department of Pharmacology, Garduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- grid.410821.e0000 0001 2173 8328Department of Pharmacology, Garduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- grid.474690.8RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan ,grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami, Hiroshima, Japan ,grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, Japan ,grid.263023.60000 0001 0703 3735Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama, Japan
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15q Duplication Syndrome: Report on the First Patient from Ecuador with an Unusual Clinical Presentation. Case Rep Med 2021; 2021:6662054. [PMID: 34007283 PMCID: PMC8110389 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 15q11.1-13.1 duplication, also known as Dup15q syndrome, is a rare congenital disease affecting 1 in 30,000 to 1 in 60,000 children worldwide. This condition is characterized by the presence of at least one extra copy of genetical material within the Prader-Willi/Angelman Critical Region (PWACR) of the referred 15q11.2-q13.1 chromosome. Case Report. Our study presents the clinical and genetical features of the first patient with a denovo 15q11.2 interstitial duplication on the maternal allele (inv Dup15q) that mimics a milder Prader-Willi syndrome probably due to an atypical disruption of the SNHG14 gene. Methylation-specific MLPA analysis has confirmed the presence of a very unlikely duplication that lies between breakpoint 1 (BP1) and the middle of BP2 and BP3 (BP3). This atypical alteration might be linked to the milder patient's clinical phenotype. Conclusions This is the first Dup15q patient reported in Ecuador and of the very few in South America. This aberration has never been described in a patient with Dup15q, and the unusual clinical presentation is probably due to the atypical distal breakpoint occurring within the gene SNHG14 which lies between BP2 and BP3 and does not therefore contain the whole PWACR. If the duplication disrupted the gene, then it is possible that it is the cause of, or contributing to, the patient's clinical phenotype.
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Han JY, Lee HJ, Lee YM, Park J. Complete Penetrance but Different Phenotypes in a Korean Family with Maternal Interstitial Duplication at 15q11.2-q13.1: A Case Report. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8040313. [PMID: 33924158 PMCID: PMC8074356 DOI: 10.3390/children8040313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 15q duplication syndrome (dup15q) is due to the presence of at least one additional derived copy of the Prader–Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome (PWS/AS) critical region that is approximately 5 Mb long within chromosome 15q11.2-q13.1. This report describes distinct roles of the origin of interstitial (int) dup15q underlining the critical importance of maternally active imprinted genes in the contribution to complete penetrance but different phenotypes of neuropsychotic disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a Korean family. The proband’s mother as a consultant visited our hospital for her offspring’s genetic counseling and segregation analysis. She had two daughters diagnosed as SCZ or ASD and one son diagnosed as ASD. To resolve the potential genetic cause of SCZ and ASD in the proband and her sibling, whole genomic screening of chromosomal rearrangements by array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed using SurePrint G3 Human CGH + SNP Microarray 4 × 180 K. Results of the array-CGH analysis revealed an interstitial duplication at 15q11.2-q13.1 (duplication size of 5.4 Mb) in the mother and her three offspring with SCZ or ASD. Our case, together with previous findings of high occurrence of psychotic disorder, suggest that maternally expressed gene product in the critical region of PWS/AS might mediate the risk of neurodevelopmental disorder (ASD) as well as psychotic disorder (SCZ). Multiple cytogenetic and molecular methods are recommended for investigating children with 15q11.2-q13.1 duplication and neuropsychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Han
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Departments of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Young-Mock Lee
- Departments of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.L.); (J.P.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-3354 (Y.-M.L.); +82-63-250-1218 (J.P.)
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.L.); (J.P.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-3354 (Y.-M.L.); +82-63-250-1218 (J.P.)
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Dangles MT, Malan V, Dumas G, Romana S, Raoul O, Coste-Zeitoun D, Soufflet C, Vignolo-Diard P, Bahi-Buisson N, Barnérias C, Chemaly N, Desguerre I, Gitiaux C, Hully M, Bourgeois M, Guimier A, Rio M, Munnich A, Nabbout R, Kaminska A, Eisermann M. Electro-clinical features in epileptic children with chromosome 15q duplication syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:1126-1137. [PMID: 33773177 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe epilepsy and EEG patterns related to vigilance states and age, in chromosome15-long-arm-duplication-syndrome (dup15q) children with epilepsy, in both duplication types: interstitial (intdup15) and isodicentric (idic15). METHODS Clinical data and 70 EEGs of 12 patients (5 intdup15, 7 idic15), followed from 4.5 m.o to 17y4m (median follow-up 8y3m), were retrospectively reviewed. EEGs were analyzed visually and using power spectrum analysis. RESULTS Seventy video-EEGs were analyzed (1-16 per patient, median 6), follow-up lasting up to 8y10m (median 4y2m): 25 EEGs in intdup15 (8 m.o to 12y.o, median 4y6m) and 45 EEGs in idic15 (7 m.o to 12 y.o, median 15 m). Epilepsy: 6 West syndrome (WS) (2intdup15, 4idic15); 4 Lennox-Gastaut syndromes (LGS) (1 intdup15, 3 idic15), 2 evolving from WS; focal epilepsy (3 intdup15). In idic15, WS displayed additional myoclonic seizures (3), atypical (4) or no hypsarrhythmia (2) and posterior predominant spike and polyspike bursts (4). Beta-band rapid-rhythms (RR): present in 11 patients, power decreased during non-REM-sleep, localization shifted from diffuse to anterior, peak frequency increased with age. CONCLUSION WS with peculiar electro-clinical features and LGS, along with beta-band RR decreasing in non-REM-sleep and shifting from diffuse to anterior localization with age are recognizable features pointing towards dup15q diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay. SIGNIFICANCE This study describes electroclinical features in both interstitial and isodicentric duplications of chromosome 15q, in epileptic children, including some recent extensions regarding sleep features; and illustrates how the temporo-spatial organization of beta oscillations can be of significant help in directing towards dup15q diagnosis hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-T Dangles
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares CRéER, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - V Malan
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Cytogenetics, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - G Dumas
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S Romana
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Cytogenetics, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - O Raoul
- Department of Cytogenetics, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - D Coste-Zeitoun
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares CRéER, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Soufflet
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - P Vignolo-Diard
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - N Bahi-Buisson
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Barnérias
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - N Chemaly
- Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares CRéER, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - I Desguerre
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Gitiaux
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Hully
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Bourgeois
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Guimier
- Department of Genetics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Rio
- Department of Genetics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Munnich
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - R Nabbout
- Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares CRéER, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Kaminska
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Eisermann
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Sen D, Drobna Z, Keung AJ. Evaluation of UBE3A antibodies in mice and human cerebral organoids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6323. [PMID: 33737669 PMCID: PMC7973473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UBE3A is an E3 ubiquitin ligase encoded by the neurally imprinted UBE3A gene. The abundance and subcellular distribution of UBE3A has been the topic of many previous studies as its dosage and localization has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders including Autism, Dup15q syndrome, and Angelman syndrome. While commercially available antibodies have been widely employed to determine UBE3A localization, an extensive analysis and comparison of the performance of different UBE3A antibodies has not been conducted. Here we evaluated the specificities of seven commercial UBE3A antibodies in two of the major experimental models used in UBE3A research, mouse and human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells and tissues. We tested these antibodies in their two most common assays, immunofluorescence and western blot. In addition, we also assessed the ability of these antibodies to capture dynamic spatiotemporal changes of UBE3A by utilizing human cerebral organoid models. Our results reveal that among the seven antibodies tested, three antibodies demonstrated substantial nonspecific immunoreactivity. While four antibodies show specific localization patterns in both mouse brain sections and human cerebral organoids, these antibodies varied significantly in background signals and staining patterns in undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Sen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
| | - Zuzana Drobna
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Albert J Keung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA.
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Capkova Z, Capkova P, Srovnal J, Adamova K, Prochazka M, Hajduch M. Duplication of 9p24.3 in three unrelated patients and their phenotypes, considering affected genes, and similar recurrent variants. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1592. [PMID: 33455084 PMCID: PMC8104183 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that duplication of the 9p24.3 chromosomal locus, which includes the DOCK8 and KANK1 genes, is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), intellectual disability/developmental delay (ID/DD), learning problems, language disorders, hyperactivity, and epilepsy. Correlation between this duplication and the carrier phenotype needs further discussion. Methods In this study, three unrelated patients with ID/DD and ASD underwent SNP aCGH and MLPA testing. Similarities in the phenotypes of patients with 9p24.3, 15q11.2, and 16p11.2 duplications were also observed. Results All patients with ID/DD and ASD carried the 9p24.3 duplication and showed intragenic duplication of DOCK8. Additionally, two patients had ADHD, one was hearing impaired and obese, and one had macrocephaly. Inheritance of the 9p24.3 duplication was confirmed in one patient and his sibling. In one patient KANK1 was duplicated along with DOCK8. Carriers of 9p24.3, 15q11.2, and 16p11.2 duplications showed several phenotypic similarities, with ID/DD more strongly associated with duplication of 9p24.3 than of 15q11.2 and 16p11.2. Conclusion We concluded that 9p24.3 is a likely cause of ASD and ID/DD, especially in cases of DOCK8 intragenic duplication. DOCK8 is a likely causative gene, and KANK1 aberrations a modulator, of the clinical phenotype observed. Other modulators were not excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Capkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Capkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Prochazka
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Simchi L, Kaphzan H. Aberrant aggressive behavior in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:47. [PMID: 33420192 PMCID: PMC7794213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder due to the absence of the E3-ligase protein, UBE3A. Inappropriate social interactions, usually hyper-sociability, is a part of that syndrome. In addition, clinical surveys and case reports describe aggressive behavior in AS individuals as a severe difficulty for caretakers. A mouse model for AS recapitulates most of the human AS phenotypes. However, very few studies utilized this mouse model for investigating affiliative social behavior, and not even a single study examined aggressive behavior. Hence, the aim of the herein study was to examine affiliative and aggressive social behavior. For that, we utilized a battery of behavioral paradigms, and performed detailed analyses of these behaviors. AS mice exhibited a unique characteristic of reduced habituation towards a social stimulus in comparison to their wild-type (WT) littermates. However, overall there were no additional marked differences in affiliative social behavior. In contrast to the mild changes in affiliative behavior, there was a striking enhanced aggression in the AS mice compared to their WT littermates. The herein findings emphasize the use of AS mouse model in characterizing and measuring inappropriate aggressive behavior, and suggests these as tools for investigating therapeutic interventions aimed at attenuating aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Simchi
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanoch Kaphzan
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
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Leader G, Forde J, Naughton K, Maher L, Arndt S, Mannion A. Relationships among gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep problems, challenging behaviour, comorbid psychopathology and autism spectrum disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with 15q duplication syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:32-46. [PMID: 33073413 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity is the presence of at least two disorders in one person at one time. This study examined the frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, sleep problems, comorbid psychopathology, challenging behaviour and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in children and adolescents with duplication 15q syndrome (Dup15q), aged 3-17 years. This study also examined whether challenging behaviour in Dup15q is predicted by age, gender, presence of an intellectual disability, sleep problems, GI symptoms and comorbid psychopathology. METHOD Parental measures were completed by 101 parents of children and adolescents with Dup15q. Questionnaires were composed of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Behavior Problems Inventory - Short Form, GI Symptom Inventory, Social Communication Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist. RESULTS Sleep problems (94%), GI symptoms (87%) and challenging behaviour (100%) were common comorbidities represented in the sample in this study. Significant relationships were found between challenging behaviour and the presence of co-occurring sleep problems, GI symptoms, comorbid psychopathology and ASD symptoms. Further analysis revealed that these comorbidities also predicted challenging behaviour. CONCLUSION This research demonstrated the importance of studying the relationships between GI symptoms, sleep problems, comorbid psychopathology, ASD symptoms and challenging behaviour in Dup15q and how these conditions can shape the Dup15q phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Leader
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Forde
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - K Naughton
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - L Maher
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - S Arndt
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Mannion
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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An Unbiased Drug Screen for Seizure Suppressors in Duplication 15q Syndrome Reveals 5-HT 1A and Dopamine Pathway Activation as Potential Therapies. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:698-709. [PMID: 32507391 PMCID: PMC7554174 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duplication 15q (Dup15q) syndrome is a rare neurogenetic disorder characterized by autism and pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Most individuals with isodicentric duplications have been on multiple medications to control seizures. We recently developed a model of Dup15q in Drosophila by elevating levels of fly Dube3a in glial cells using repo-GAL4, not neurons. In contrast to other Dup15q models, these flies develop seizures that worsen with age. METHODS We screened repo>Dube3a flies for approved compounds that can suppress seizures. Flies 3 to 5 days old were exposed to compounds in the fly food during development. Flies were tested using a bang sensitivity assay for seizure recovery time. At least 40 animals were tested per experiment, with separate testing for male and female flies. Studies of K+ content in glial cells of the fly brain were also performed using a fluorescent K+ indicator. RESULTS We identified 17 of 1280 compounds in the Prestwick Chemical Library that could suppress seizures. Eight compounds were validated in secondary screening. Four of these compounds regulated either serotonergic or dopaminergic signaling, and subsequent experiments confirmed that seizure suppression occurred primarily through stimulation of serotonin receptor 5-HT1A. Additional studies of K+ levels showed that Dube3a regulation of the Na+/K+ exchanger ATPα (adenosine triphosphatase α) in glia may be modulated by serotonin/dopamine signaling, causing seizure suppression. CONCLUSIONS Based on these pharmacological and genetic studies, we present an argument for the use of 5-HT1A agonists in the treatment of Dup15q epilepsy.
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Javed S, Selliah T, Lee YJ, Huang WH. Dosage-sensitive genes in autism spectrum disorders: From neurobiology to therapy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:538-567. [PMID: 32858083 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorders affecting 1 in 59 children. Syndromic ASDs are commonly associated with chromosomal rearrangements or dosage imbalance involving a single gene. Many of these genes are dosage-sensitive and regulate transcription, protein homeostasis, and synaptic function in the brain. Despite vastly different molecular perturbations, syndromic ASDs share core symptoms including social dysfunction and repetitive behavior. However, each ASD subtype has a unique pathogenic mechanism and combination of comorbidities that require individual attention. We have learned a great deal about how these dosage-sensitive genes control brain development and behaviors from genetically-engineered mice. Here we describe the clinical features of eight monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders caused by dosage imbalance of four genes, as well as recent advances in using genetic mouse models to understand their pathogenic mechanisms and develop intervention strategies. We propose that applying newly developed quantitative molecular and neuroscience technologies will advance our understanding of the unique neurobiology of each disorder and enable the development of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Javed
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tharushan Selliah
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yu-Ju Lee
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Saravanapandian V, Frohlich J, Hipp JF, Hyde C, Scheffler AW, Golshani P, Cook EH, Reiter LT, Senturk D, Jeste SS. Properties of beta oscillations in Dup15q syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:22. [PMID: 32791992 PMCID: PMC7425173 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duplications of 15q11.2-q13.1 (Dup15q syndrome) are highly penetrant for autism, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and epilepsy. The 15q region harbors genes critical for brain development, particularly UBE3A and a cluster of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) genes. We recently described an electrophysiological biomarker of the syndrome, characterized by excessive beta oscillations (12–30 Hz), resembling electroencephalogram (EEG) changes induced by allosteric modulation of GABAARs. In this follow-up study, we tested a larger cohort of children with Dup15q syndrome to comprehensively examine properties of this EEG biomarker that would inform its use in future clinical trials, specifically, its (1) relation to basic clinical features, such as age, duplication type, and epilepsy; (2) relation to behavioral characteristics, such as cognition and adaptive function; (3) stability over time; and (4) reproducibility of the signal in clinical EEG recordings. Methods We computed EEG power and beta peak frequency (BPF) in a cohort of children with Dup15q syndrome (N = 41, age range 9–189 months). To relate EEG parameters to clinical (study 1) and behavioral features (study 2), we examined age, duplication type, epilepsy, cognition, and daily living skills (DLS) as predictors of beta power and BPF. To evaluate stability over time (study 3), we derived the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) from beta power and BPF computed from children with multiple EEG recordings (N = 10, age range 18–161 months). To evaluate reproducibility in a clinical setting (study 4), we derived ICCs from beta power computed from children (N = 8, age range 19–96 months), who had undergone both research EEG and clinical EEG. Results The most promising relationships between EEG and clinical traits were found using BPF. BPF was predicted both by epilepsy status (R2 = 0.11, p = 0.038) and the DLS component of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (R2 = 0.17, p = 0.01). Beta power and peak frequency showed high stability across repeated visits (beta power ICC = 0.93, BPF ICC = 0.92). A reproducibility analysis revealed that beta power estimates are comparable between research and clinical EEG (ICC = 0.94). Conclusions In this era of precision health, with pharmacological and neuromodulatory therapies being developed and tested for specific genetic etiologies of neurodevelopmental disorders, quantification and examination of mechanistic biomarkers can greatly improve clinical trials. To this end, the robust beta oscillations evident in Dup15q syndrome are clinically reproducible and stable over time. With future preclinical and computational studies that will help disentangle the underlying mechanism, it is possible that this biomarker could serve as a robust measure of drug target engagement or a proximal outcome measure in future disease modifying intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Saravanapandian
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - Joel Frohlich
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 3423 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joerg F Hipp
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carly Hyde
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Aaron W Scheffler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles School of Public Health, Room 21-254C CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Peyman Golshani
- Department of Neurology and Semel Institute for Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Edwin H Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Lawrence T Reiter
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics and Anatomy & Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Ave., Link, Memphis, TN, 415, USA
| | - Damla Senturk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles School of Public Health, Room 21-254C CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shafali S Jeste
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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47
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Panov J, Simchi L, Feuermann Y, Kaphzan H. Bioinformatics Analyses of the Transcriptome Reveal Ube3a-Dependent Effects on Mitochondrial-Related Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114156. [PMID: 32532103 PMCID: PMC7312912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The UBE3A gene encodes the ubiquitin E3-ligase protein, UBE3A, which is implicated in severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Lack of UBE3A expression results in Angelman syndrome, while UBE3A overexpression, due to genomic 15q duplication, results in autism. The cellular roles of UBE3A are not fully understood, yet a growing body of evidence indicates that these disorders involve mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. We utilized bioinformatics approaches to delineate the effects of murine Ube3a deletion on the expression of mitochondrial-related genes and pathways. For this, we generated an mRNA sequencing dataset from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in which both alleles of Ube3a gene were deleted and their wild-type controls. Since oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysregulation might not be exhibited in the resting baseline state, we also activated mitochondrial functioning in the cells of these two genotypes using TNFα application. Transcriptomes of the four groups of MEFs, Ube3a+/+ and Ube3a-/-, with or without the application of TNFα, were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools and machine learning approaches. Our results indicate that Ube3a deletion affects the gene expression profiles of mitochondrial-associated pathways. We further confirmed these results by analyzing other publicly available human transcriptome datasets of Angelman syndrome and 15q duplication syndrome.
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Wilson RB, Elashoff D, Gouelle A, Smith BA, Wilson AM, Dickinson A, Safari T, Hyde C, Jeste SS. Quantitative Gait Analysis in Duplication 15q Syndrome and Nonsyndromic ASD. Autism Res 2020; 13:1102-1110. [PMID: 32282133 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Motor impairments occur frequently in genetic syndromes highly penetrant for autism spectrum disorder (syndromic ASD) and in individuals with ASD without a genetic diagnosis (nonsyndromic ASD). In particular, abnormalities in gait in ASD have been linked to language delay, ASD severity, and likelihood of having a genetic disorder. Quantitative measures of motor function can improve our ability to evaluate motor differences in individuals with syndromic and nonsyndromic ASD with varying levels of intellectual disability and adaptive skills. To evaluate this methodology, we chose to use quantitative gait analysis to study duplication 15q syndrome (dup15q syndrome), a genetic disorder highly penetrant for motor delays, intellectual disability, and ASD. We evaluated quantitative gait variables in individuals with dup15q syndrome (n = 39) and nonsyndromic ASD (n = 21) and compared these data to a reference typically developing cohort. We found a gait pattern of slow pace, poor postural control, and large gait variability in dup15q syndrome. Our findings improve characterization of motor function in dup15q syndrome and nonsyndromic ASD. Quantitative gait analysis can be used as a translational method and can improve our identification of clinical endpoints to be used in treatment trials for these syndromes. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1102-1110. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Motor impairments, particularly abnormalities in walking, occur frequently in genetic syndromes highly penetrant for autism spectrum disorder (syndromic ASD). Here, using quantitative gait analysis, we find that individuals with duplication 15q syndrome have an atypical gait pattern that differentiates them from typically developing and nonsyndromic ASD individuals. Our findings improve motor characterization in dup15q syndrome and nonsyndromic ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujuta B Wilson
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arnaud Gouelle
- Gait and Balance Academy, Protokinetics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.,Laboratory Performance, Sante, Metrologie, Societe (PSMS), UFR STAPS, Reims, France
| | - Beth A Smith
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy and Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew M Wilson
- Greater Los Angeles VA HealthCare System, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Abigail Dickinson
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tabitha Safari
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carly Hyde
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shafali S Jeste
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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49
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Casamassa A, Ferrari D, Gelati M, Carella M, Vescovi AL, Rosati J. A Link between Genetic Disorders and Cellular Impairment, Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Reveal the Functional Consequences of Copy Number Variations in the Central Nervous System-A Close Look at Chromosome 15. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051860. [PMID: 32182809 PMCID: PMC7084702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent cutting-edge human genetics technology has allowed us to identify copy number variations (CNVs) and has provided new insights for understanding causative mechanisms of human diseases. A growing number of studies show that CNVs could be associated with physiological mechanisms linked to evolutionary trigger, as well as to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disease and mental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, intellectual disabilities or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Their incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity make diagnosis difficult and hinder comprehension of the mechanistic bases of these disorders. Additional elements such as co-presence of other CNVs, genomic background and environmental factors are involved in determining the final phenotype associated with a CNV. Genetically engineered animal models are helpful tools for understanding the behavioral consequences of CNVs. However, the genetic background and the biology of these animal model systems have sometimes led to confusing results. New cellular models obtained through somatic cellular reprogramming technology that produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human subjects are being used to explore the mechanisms involved in the pathogenic consequences of CNVs. Considering the vast quantity of CNVs found in the human genome, we intend to focus on reviewing the current literature on the use of iPSCs carrying CNVs on chromosome 15, highlighting advantages and limits of this system with respect to mouse model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Casamassa
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy;
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Abramo Lincoln 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Gelati
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Carella
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.V.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.V.); (J.R.)
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50
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Kanellopoulos AK, Mariano V, Spinazzi M, Woo YJ, McLean C, Pech U, Li KW, Armstrong JD, Giangrande A, Callaerts P, Smit AB, Abrahams BS, Fiala A, Achsel T, Bagni C. Aralar Sequesters GABA into Hyperactive Mitochondria, Causing Social Behavior Deficits. Cell 2020; 180:1178-1197.e20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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