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Zhu JQ, Tian YY, Chan KL, Hu Z, Xu QQ, Lin ZX, Xian YF. Modified Qing-Zao-Jiu-Fei decoction attenuated pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats via modulating Nrf2/NF-κB and MAPKs pathways. Chin Med 2024; 19:10. [PMID: 38229198 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qing-Zao-Jiu-Fei Decoction (QZJFD) is a famous herbal formula commonly prescribed for the treatment of lung-related diseases in the ancient and modern times. Trichosanthis Fructus (TF) and Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB) are widely used for treatment of cough and pulmonary disease. In order to identify a more effective formula for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, we intend to add TF and FTB in QZJFD to form a modified QZJFD (MQZJFD). In this study, we aims to explore MQZJFD as an innovative therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis using bleomycin (BLM)-treated rats and to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS BLM was given to SD rats by intra-tracheal administration of a single dose of BLM (5 mg/kg). QZJFD (3 g/kg) and MQZJFD (1, 2 and 4 g/kg) was given intragastrically daily to rats for 14 days (from day 15 to 28) after BLM administration for 14 consecutive days. RESULTS MQZJFD was found to contain 0.29% of amygdalin, 0.020% of lutin, 0.077% of glycyrrhizic acid and 0.047% of chlorogenic acid. BLM treatment could induce collagen deposition in the lung tissues of rats, indicating that the pulmonary fibrosis rat model had been successfully established. MQZJFD have better effects than the original QZJFD in reducing the pulmonary structure damage and collagen deposition of rat lung fibrosis induced by BLM. MQZJFD could reduce the hydroxyproline content in lung tissues of BLM-treated rats. The biomarkers of fibrosis such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were remarkably reduced after treatment with MQZJFD. MQZJFD also have anti-oxidant stress effects by inhibiting the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), but enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the level of glutathione (GSH) in the lung tissues of BLM-treated rats. Moreover, the MQZJFD markedly suppressed the over expressions of p-p65/p65 and p-IκBα/IκBα, but upregulated the Nrf2. MQZJFD also suppressed the protein expressions of p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, p-p38/p38 and p-JNK/JNK in the lung tissues of BLM-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS MQZJFD could improve the pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM in rats via inhibiting the fibrosis and oxidative stress via suppressing the activation of NF-κB/Nrf2 and MAPKs pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qian Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yang Tian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kam Leung Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Sun S, Xie Z, Song X, Wen S, Yuan W, Miao M, Ji H, Liang H. Prenatal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and adiposity measures of children at 4 and 6 years: A prospective birth cohort in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115751. [PMID: 38042132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that prenatal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was associated with childhood obesity, but evidence on multiple adiposity measures including arm circumference (AC), and waist circumference (WC) among Chinese children is limited. We investigated the associations of prenatal exposure to PFAS with adiposity measures of children at 4 and 6 years of age in the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study. A total of 573 mother-child pairs with maternal PFAS concentrations and at least one measurement of adiposity measures of children were included in the present study. Eleven PFAS were assessed in maternal fasting blood samples. Information on children's weight, height, AC, and WC was collected at follow-ups. Weight for age Z score (WAZ), body mass index for age Z score (BMIz), and children overweight were calculated based on the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards. Multivariate linear regression, Poisson regression with robust error variance, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models were used to examine the associations of prenatal exposure to PFAS with children's adiposity measures. Eight PFAS with detection rates above 85 % were included in the analyses. In the multivariate linear regression models, maternal PFNA concentrations were associated with a greater AC (β = 0.29, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 0.04-0.55) in 4-year-old children and with an increase in WAZ (β = 0.26, 95 % CI: 0.06-0.46), BMIz (β = 0.31, 95 % CI: 0.09-0.53), AC (β = 0.49, 95 % CI: 0.08-0.90), and WC (β = 1.47, 95 % CI: 0.41-2.52) in 6-year-old children. We also observed the associations of maternal concentrations of PFOS, PFNA, PFUdA, and PFTrDA with the increased risk of children overweight in 6-year-old children. BKMR models further supported the findings from multivariate linear regression and Poisson regression models, and identified PFNA as the most important contributor. Moreover, the associations described above were generally more pronounced in girls. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to PFAS was associated with an increased risk of children's adiposity with a sex-specific manner, and PFNA contributed most to the associations after controlling for the effect of co-exposure to other PFAS compounds, especially among girls at 6 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Sun
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiuxia Song
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Toxicology, National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglei Ji
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Hong Liang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Impact of maternal emotional state during pregnancy on fetal heart rate variability. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2023; 14:100181. [PMID: 36911250 PMCID: PMC9995932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fetal autonomic nervous system (ANS) is believed to be negatively affected by maternal adverse emotional states. In this study, we evaluated how depression, anxiety and stress during pregnancy are related to fetal heart rate variability (HRV) as recorded with magnetocardiography (MCG). We also considered metabolic factors such as maternal adiposity and circulating levels of cortisol during gestation. Furthermore, we followed up these fetuses after birth, recording HRV and saliva levels of cortisol in these infants to establish any effects postpartum. Methods We calculated HRV in spontaneous MCG recordings from 32 healthy fetuses between 32 and 38 weeks of gestational age. Maternal emotional state was assessed using standardized questionnaires about anxiety, depression and stress. An overall indicator of maternal well-being was calculated by z-scoring each individual questionnaire and summation. We used a median split to divide the group into high and low z-scores (HZS and LZS), respectively. Standard HRV measures were determined in the time and frequency domain. T-test analyses were performed between LZS and HZS, with the HRV and the metabolic measures as the dependent variables. Results We found an impaired HRV in the HZS group both during pregnancy and after birth. No differences were observed between LZS and HZS for metabolic factors. Depression and anxiety symptoms seem to affect HRV differently. No relationship was found between maternal and infant cortisol levels. Conclusions On the basis of our results on different HRV parameters, we propose that maternal emotional state might affect the development of the fetal nervous system in utero.
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Early Life Stress (ELS) Effects on Fetal and Adult Bone Development. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10010102. [PMID: 36670652 PMCID: PMC9856960 DOI: 10.3390/children10010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) refers to harmful environmental events (i.e., poor maternal health, metabolic restraint, childhood trauma) occurring during the prenatal and/or postnatal period, which may cause the 'epigenetic corruption' of cellular and molecular signaling of mental and physical development. While the impact of ELS in a wide range of human diseases has been confirmed, the ELS susceptibility to bone diseases has been poorly explored. In this review, to understand the potential mediating pathways of ELS in bone diseases, PRISMA criteria were used to analyze different stress protocols in mammal models and the effects elicited in dams and their progeny. Data collected, despite the methodological heterogeneity, show that ELS interferes with fetal bone formation, also revealing that the stress type and affected developmental phase may influence the variety and severity of bone anomalies. Interestingly, these findings highlight the maternal and fetal ability to buffer stress, establishing a new role for the placenta in minimizing ELS perturbations. The functional link between ELS and bone impairments will boost future investigations on maternal stress transmission to the fetus and, parallelly, help the assessment of catch-up mechanisms of skeleton adaptations from the cascading ELS effects.
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Maternal childhood trauma is associated with offspring body size during the first year of life. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19619. [PMID: 36380091 PMCID: PMC9666509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal childhood trauma (MCT) is an important factor affecting offspring size at birth. Whether the effect of MCT persists during the subsequent development remains unclear. We present the results of a semi-longitudinal investigation examining the physical growth of infants born to mothers with high (HCT) and low (LCT) childhood trauma during the first year of life. One hundred healthy mother-infant dyads were included based on following criteria: exclusive breastfeeding, birth on term with appropriate weight for gestational age. MCT was assessed using the Early Life Stress Questionnaire. The weight, length, and head circumference of the infant were taken at birth, 5 and 12 months postpartum. Separate MANCOVA models were run for infant size at each age. We found an association between MCT and infant size at 5 and 12 months. The children of mothers with HCT had higher weight and greater head circumference than the children of mothers with LCT. These results suggest that MCT might contribute to developmental programming of offspring growth during the first year of life. From an evolutionary perspective, the larger size of HCT mother's offspring might represent an adaptation to potentially harsh environmental conditions. This effect might be mediated by epigenetic changes to DNA and altered breast milk composition.
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Chang YH, Chen WH, Su CH, Yu HR, Tain YL, Huang LT, Sheen JM. Maternal Iron Deficiency Programs Rat Offspring Hypertension in Relation to Renin—Angiotensin System and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158294. [PMID: 35955421 PMCID: PMC9368932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an important public health challenge, affecting up to 30–50% of adults worldwide. Several epidemiological studies indicate that high blood pressure originates in fetal life—the so-called programming effect or developmental origin of hypertension. Iron-deficiency anemia has become one of the most prevalent nutritional problems globally. Previous animal experiments have shown that prenatal iron-deficiency anemia adversely affects offspring hypertension. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We used a maternal low-iron diet Sprague Dawley rat model to study changes in blood pressure, the renal renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and sodium transporters in adult male offspring. Our study revealed that 16-week-old male offspring born to mothers with low dietary iron throughout pregnancy and the lactation period had (1) higher blood pressure, (2) increased renal cortex angiotensin II receptor type 1 and angiotensin-converting enzyme abundance, (3) decreased renal cortex angiotensin II receptor type 2 and MAS abundance, and (4) increased renal 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and interleukin-6 abundance. Improving the iron status of pregnant mothers could influence the development of hypertension in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 61344, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 61344, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Chung-Hao Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 61344, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.); (L.-T.H.)
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.); (L.-T.H.)
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.); (L.-T.H.)
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 61344, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.); (C.-H.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.); (L.-T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975056177; Fax: +886-7-7338009
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Abstract
The appreciation of human microbiome is gaining strong grounds in biomedical research. In addition to gut-brain axis, is the lung-brain axis, which is hypothesised to link pulmonary microbes to neurodegenerative disorders and behavioural changes. There is a need for analysis based on emerging studies to map out the prospects for lung-brain axis. In this review, relevant English literature and researches in the field of 'lung-brain axis' is reported. We recommend all the highlighted prospective studies to be integrated with an interdisciplinary approach. This might require conceptual research approaches based on physiology and pathophysiology. Multimodal aspects should include experimental animal units, while exploring the research gaps and making reference to the already existing human data. The overall microbiome medicine is gaining more ground. Aetiological paths and experimental recommendations as per prospective studies in this review will be an important guideline to develop effective treatments for any lung induced neurodegenerative diseases. An in-depth knowledge of the bi-directional communication between host and microbiome in the lung could help treatment to respiratory infections, alleviate stress, anxiety and enhanced neurological effects. The timely prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases requires paradigm shift of the aetiology and more innovative experimentation.Impact statementThe overall microbiome medicine is gaining more ground. An in-depth knowledge of the bi-directional communication between host and microbiome in the lung could confer treatment to respiratory infections, alleviate stress, anxiety and enhanced neurological effects. Based on this review, we recommend all the highlighted prospective studies to be integrated and be given an interdisciplinary approach. This might require conceptual research approaches based on physiology and pathophysiology. Multimodal aspects should include experimental animal units; while exploring the research gaps and making reference to the already existing human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Lucette Simbilyabo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - John Jabang
- School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Saleem
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
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Abstract
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a debilitating and potentially life-threatening pregnancy disease marked by weight loss, malnutrition, and dehydration attributed to unrelenting nausea and/or vomiting; HG increases the risk of adverse outcomes for the mother and child(ren). The complexity of HG affects every aspect of a woman's life during and after pregnancy. Without methodical intervention by knowledgeable and proactive clinicians, life-threatening complications may develop. Effectively managing HG requires an understanding of both physical and psychosocial stressors, recognition of potential risks and complications, and proactive assessment and treatment strategies using innovative clinical tools.
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MSC Based Therapies to Prevent or Treat BPD-A Narrative Review on Advances and Ongoing Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031138. [PMID: 33498887 PMCID: PMC7865378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains one of the most devastating consequences of preterm birth resulting in life-long restrictions in lung function. Distorted lung development is caused by its inflammatory response which is mainly provoked by mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity and bacterial infections. Dysfunction of resident lung mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represents one key hallmark that drives BPD pathology. Despite all progress in the understanding of pathomechanisms, therapeutics to prevent or treat BPD are to date restricted to a few drugs. The limited therapeutic efficacy of established drugs can be explained by the fact that they fail to concurrently tackle the broad spectrum of disease driving mechanisms and by the huge overlap between distorted signal pathways of lung development and inflammation. The great enthusiasm about MSC based therapies as novel therapeutic for BPD arises from the capacity to inhibit inflammation while simultaneously promoting lung development and repair. Preclinical studies, mainly performed in rodents, raise hopes that there will be finally a broadly acting, efficient therapy at hand to prevent or treat BPD. Our narrative review gives a comprehensive overview on preclinical achievements, results from first early phase clinical studies and challenges to a successful translation into the clinical setting.
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Eberle C, Fasig T, Brüseke F, Stichling S. Impact of maternal prenatal stress by glucocorticoids on metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in their offspring: A systematic scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245386. [PMID: 33481865 PMCID: PMC7822275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background “Stress” is an emerging problem in our society, health care system as well as patient care, worldwide. Especially by focusing on pre-gestational, gestational but also lactation phases “stress” is to be considered as an own trans-generational risk factor which is associated with adverse metabolic as well cardiovascular outcomes in mothers and their children. Hence, the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenotrophic (HPA) axis may be stimulated by various “stress” mechanisms as well as risk factors leading to an adverse in utero environment, e.g. by excess exposure of glucocorticoids, contributing to cardio-metabolic disorders in mothers and their offspring. Objective To review the evidence of in utero programming by focusing on the impact of maternal “stress”, on adverse cardio-metabolic outcomes on their offspring later in life, by identifying underlying (patho-) physiological mechanisms (1) as well as adverse short and long-term cardio-metabolic outcomes (2). Methods We conducted a systematic scoping review to identify publications systematically including reviews, interventional, observational, experimental studies as well as human and animal model studies. MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases and reference lists were searched. Peer-reviewed articles from January 2000 until August 2020 were included. Results Overall, n = 2.634 citations were identified, n = 45 eligible studies were included and synthesized according to their key findings. In brief, maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenotrophic (HPA) axis might play a key role modifying in utero milieu leading to cardio-metabolic diseases in the offspring later in life. However, maternal risk factor “stress”, is clearly linked to adverse cardio-metabolic offspring outcomes, postnatally, such as obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus (DM), Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular disease (CD), hypertension, restricted fetal growth as well as reduced birth, adrenal, and pancreas weights. Conclusions Women who experienced “stress” as risk factor, as well as their offspring, clearly have a higher risk of adverse short- as well as long-term cardio-metabolic outcomes. Future research work is needed to understand complex transgenerational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eberle
- Medicine with Specialization in Internal Medicine and General Medicine, Hochschule Fulda-University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Teresa Fasig
- Medicine with Specialization in Internal Medicine and General Medicine, Hochschule Fulda-University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Franziska Brüseke
- Medicine with Specialization in Internal Medicine and General Medicine, Hochschule Fulda-University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefanie Stichling
- Medicine with Specialization in Internal Medicine and General Medicine, Hochschule Fulda-University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
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Suarez A, Lahti J, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Girchenko P, Czamara D, Arloth J, Malmberg ALK, Hämäläinen E, Kajantie E, Laivuori H, Villa PM, Reynolds RM, Provençal N, Binder EB, Räikkönen K. A polyepigenetic glucocorticoid exposure score at birth and childhood mental and behavioral disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100275. [PMID: 33344728 PMCID: PMC7739178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression and anxiety during pregnancy may enhance fetal exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) and harm neurodevelopment. We tested whether a novel cross-tissue polyepigenetic biomarker indicative of in utero exposure to GC is associated with mental and behavioral disorders and their severity in children, possibly mediating the associations between maternal prenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms and these child outcomes. METHODS Children (n = 814) from the Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (PREDO) study were followed-up from birth to age 7.1-10.7 years. A weighted polyepigenetic GC exposure score was calculated based on the methylation profile of 24 CpGs from umbilical cord blood. Child diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorder (n = 99) and its severity, defined as the number of days the child had received treatment (all 99 had received outpatient treatment and 8 had been additionally in inpatient treatment) for mental or behavioral disorder as the primary diagnosis, came from the Care Register for Health Care. Mothers (n = 408) reported on child total behavior problems at child's age of 2.3-5.8 years and their own depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy (n = 583). RESULTS The fetal polyepigenetic GC exposure score at birth was not associated with child hazard of mental and behavioral disorder (HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.54; 1.24, p = 0.35) or total behavior problems (unstandardized beta = -0.10, 95% CI -0.31; 0.10, p = 0.33). However, for one standard deviation decrease in the polyepigenetic score, the child had spent 2.94 (95%CI 1.59; 5.45, p < 0.001) more days in inpatient or outpatient treatment with any mental and behavioral disorder as the primary diagnosis. Criteria for mediation tests were not met. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that fetal polyepigenetic GC exposure score at birth was not associated with any mental or behavioral disorder diagnosis or mother-rated total behavior problems, but it may contribute to identifying children at birth who are at risk for more severe mental or behavioral disorders.
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Key Words
- 11β-HSD2, 11-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 2
- ADHD, Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- BMI, Body-mass index
- CES‐D, Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale
- Childhood mental health
- Cord blood methylation
- DNAm, DNA methylation
- GC, Glucocorticoid
- GR, Glucocorticoid receptor
- GRE, Glucocorticoid response element
- Glucocorticoids
- HILMO, Care register for health care
- HPA-axis, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
- PREDO, Prediction and prevention of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction
- Polyepigenetic biomarker
- Prenatal psychopathology
- Prospective study
- STAI, Spielberger state anxiety inventory
- ZINB, Zero-inflated negative binomial regression
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Suarez
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Polina Girchenko
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Janine Arloth
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Anni LK. Malmberg
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia M. Villa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyvinkää Hospital, Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, Finland
| | - Rebecca M. Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Provençal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Fitzgerald E, Hor K, Drake AJ. Maternal influences on fetal brain development: The role of nutrition, infection and stress, and the potential for intergenerational consequences. Early Hum Dev 2020; 150:105190. [PMID: 32948364 PMCID: PMC7481314 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An optimal early life environment is crucial for ensuring ideal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Brain development consists of a finely tuned series of spatially and temporally constrained events, which may be affected by exposure to a sub-optimal intra-uterine environment. Evidence suggests brain development may be particularly vulnerable to factors such as maternal nutrition, infection and stress during pregnancy. In this review, we discuss how maternal factors such as these can affect brain development and outcome in offspring, and we also identify evidence which suggests that the outcome can, in many cases, be stratified by socio-economic status (SES), with individuals in lower brackets typically having a worse outcome. We consider the relevant epidemiological evidence and draw parallels to mechanisms suggested by preclinical work where appropriate. We also discuss possible transgenerational effects of these maternal factors and the potential mechanisms involved. We conclude that modifiable factors such as maternal nutrition, infection and stress are important contributors to atypical brain development and that SES also likely has a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Fitzgerald
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kahyee Hor
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Amanda J Drake
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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13
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Gatta E, Saudagar V, Auta J, Grayson DR, Guidotti A. Epigenetic landscape of stress surfeit disorders: Key role for DNA methylation dynamics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 156:127-183. [PMID: 33461662 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to stress throughout lifespan alters brain structure and function, inducing a maladaptive response to environmental stimuli, that can contribute to the development of a pathological phenotype. Studies have shown that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction is associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive, alcohol use and post-traumatic stress disorders. Downstream actors of the HPA axis, glucocorticoids are critical mediators of the stress response and exert their function through specific receptors, i.e., the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), highly expressed in stress/reward-integrative pathways. GRs are ligand-activated transcription factors that recruit epigenetic actors to regulate gene expression via DNA methylation, altering chromatin structure and thus shaping the response to stress. The dynamic interplay between stress response and epigenetic modifiers suggest DNA methylation plays a key role in the development of stress surfeit disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gatta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vikram Saudagar
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James Auta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alessandro Guidotti
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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14
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Meyer JS, Novak MA. Assessment of prenatal stress-related cortisol exposure: focus on cortisol accumulation in hair and nails. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:409-436. [PMID: 32783213 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress adversely affects offspring development. Although cortisol is hypothesized to be a key mediator of stress-induced developmental deficits, determining the amount of fetal cortisol exposure produced by maternal stress has proved challenging. Current approaches, such as measuring cortisol concentrations in maternal plasma, saliva, or urine, amniotic fluid, fetal plasma, or cord blood, all have significant limitations for assessing cumulative fetal cortisol exposure over time. A recently emerging approach is to measure cortisol concentrations in maternal hair and/or newborn hair or nail samples. Maternal hair cortisol potentially shows long-term production across each trimester of pregnancy, whereas neonatal hair or nail cortisol is thought to reflect mainly third trimester hormone accumulation. This review first describes fetal adrenocortical development, placental cortisol metabolism, and the various sources of fetal cortisol exposure across pregnancy. We then summarize the results obtained from "classical" methods of assessing prenatal cortisol exposure prior to the advent of hair and nail cortisol measurement. Lastly, we discuss the initial development and validation of the hair cortisol methodology, its subsequent application to studies of chronic stress, and recent findings regarding maternal and neonatal hair or nail cortisol concentrations in relation to prenatal stress and other variables of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold S Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Melinda A Novak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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15
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Bala R, Singh V, Rajender S, Singh K. Environment, Lifestyle, and Female Infertility. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:617-638. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Peixoto MRLV, Karrow NA, Newman A, Widowski TM. Effects of Maternal Stress on Measures of Anxiety and Fearfulness in Different Strains of Laying Hens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:128. [PMID: 32292791 PMCID: PMC7118700 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress can affect the offspring of birds, possibly due to hormone deposition in the egg. Additionally, phenotypic diversity resulting from domestication and selection for productivity has created a variety of poultry lines that may cope with stress differently. In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal stress on the behavior of different strains of laying hens and the role of corticosterone as its mediator. For this, fertilized eggs of five genetic lines-two brown (Brown 1 and 2), two white (White 1 and 2), and one pure line White Leghorn-were reared identically as four flocks of 27 birds (24F: 3M) per strain. Each strain was equally separated into two groups: Maternal Stress ("MS"), where hens were subjected to a series of daily acute psychological stressors for 8 days before egg collection, and "Control," which received routine husbandry. Fertile eggs from both treatments were collected at three different ages forming different offspring groups that were treated as replicates; additional eggs from Control were injected either with corticosterone diluted in a vehicle solution ("CORT") or just "Vehicle." Eggs from each replicate were incubated and hatched, and offspring (N = 1,919) were brooded under identical conditions. To measure the effects of maternal stress on anxiety and fear-like behavior, offspring were subjected to a social isolation test (SI) between 5 and 10 days of age and a tonic immobility test (TI) at 9 weeks of age. Compared to Control, MS decreased the number of distress vocalizations emitted by White 2 in SI. No effects of MS were observed in TI, and no effects of CORT were observed in any tests. Overall, brown lines vocalized more in SI and remained in TI for a longer duration than white strains, suggesting genetic differences in fear behavior. Females vocalized more than males in TI and showed a trend toward significance for the same trait in SI. Overall, results suggest that the effects of maternal stress on fearfulness are not directly mediated by corticosterone. Moreover, it highlights behavioral differences across various strains of laying hens, suggesting that fear responses are highly dependent on genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Newman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tina M. Widowski
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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17
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Venkatesh HN, Ravish H, Wilma Delphine Silvia CR, Srinivas H. Molecular Signature of the Immune Response to Yoga Therapy in Stress-related Chronic Disease Conditions: An Insight. Int J Yoga 2020; 13:9-17. [PMID: 32030016 PMCID: PMC6937878 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_82_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The world Health Organization defines health as complete well-being in terms of physical, mental and social, and not merely the absence of disease. To attain this, individual should adapt and self-mange the social, physical and emotional challenges of life. Exposure to chronic stress due to urbanization, work stress, nuclear family, pollution, unhealthy food habits, lifestyle, accidental death in the family, and natural calamities are the triggering factors, leading to hormonal imbalance and inflammation in the tissue. The relationship between stress and illness is complex; all chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease and asthma have their root in chronic stress attributed by inflammation. In recent times, yoga therapy has emerged as an important complementary alternative medicine for many human diseases. Yoga therapy has a positive impact on mind and body; it acts by incorporating appropriate breathing techniques and mindfulness to attain conscious direction of our awareness of the present moment by meditation, which helps achieve harmony between the body and mind. Studies have also demonstrated the important regulatory effects of yoga therapy on brain structure and functions. Despite these advances, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which yoga therapy renders its beneficial effects are inadequately known. A growing body of evidence suggests that yoga therapy has immunomodulatory effects. However, the precise mechanistic basis has not been addressed empirically. In this review, we have attempted to highlight the effect of yoga therapy on immune system functioning with an aim to identify important immunological signatures that index the effect of yoga therapy. Toward this, we have summarized the available scientific evidence showing positive impacts of yoga therapy. Finally, we have emphasized the efficacy of yoga in improving physical and mental well-being. Yoga has been a part of Indian culture and tradition for long; now, the time has come to scientifically validate this and implement this as an alternative treatment method for stress-related chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Venkatesh
- Department of Human Genetics, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | - H Ravish
- Department of Neurochemistry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | - C R Wilma Delphine Silvia
- Department of Biochemistry, Bowring and Lady Curzon Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - H Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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18
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Chen Q, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Lu W, Wu J, Zhao S, Zhang J, Huang L. Prenatal exposure to perfluorobutanesulfonic acid and childhood adiposity: A prospective birth cohort study in Shanghai, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:17-23. [PMID: 30908964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been phased out due to their adverse effects, and replaced by the short-chain perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS). However, the long-term impacts of PFBS on human health are unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to PFAS, especially PFBS and childhood adiposity at 5 years of age. METHODS We conducted a prospective birth cohort study involving 1,140 pregnant women from 2012 to 2017 in Shanghai. Fetal umbilical cord blood was collected at birth. A total of 404 children (196 girls) completed the adiposity measurements using a bioelectrical impedance analysis method and cord plasma PFAS measurements using LC-MS/MS. Multivariable linear models after adjustment for potential confounders were used to evaluate the associations between PFAS and childhood adiposity. RESULTS The median concentration of PFAS in the cord plasma ranged from 0.05 (PFBS) to 6.74 ng/mL (PFOA). Results of multivariable linear regression found that in girls, PFBS had a significant positive association with waist circumference and waist to height ratio (P-values < 0.05). Girls in the highest tertile of PFBS concentrations had more fat mass, as well as higher body fat percentage, waist circumference, and waist to height ratio compared to those in the lowest tertile. However, girls in the second tertile of PFDoA had lower body fat percentage, waist circumference and fat mass. CONCLUSIONS Adiposity at 5 years of age shows a positive association with prenatal exposure to PFBS in girls. These findings need to be further verified in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenyi Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Lisu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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19
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Chen HJ, Gur TL. Intrauterine Microbiota: Missing, or the Missing Link? Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:402-413. [PMID: 31053242 PMCID: PMC6604064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The intrauterine environment provides a key interface between the mother and the developing fetus during pregnancy, and is a target for investigating mechanisms of fetal programming. Studies have demonstrated an association between prenatal stress and neurodevelopmental disorders. The role of the intrauterine environment in mediating this effect is still being elucidated. In this review, we discuss emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting the existence of microbial communities in utero. We also outline possible mechanisms of bacterial translocation to the intrauterine environment and immune responses to the presence of microbes or microbial components. Lastly, we overview the effects of intrauterine inflammation on neurodevelopment. We hypothesize that maternal gestational stress leads to disruptions in the maternal oral, gut, and vaginal microbiome that may lead to the translocation of bacteria to the intrauterine environment, eliciting an inflammatory response and resulting in deficits in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamar L Gur
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute of Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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20
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Johnson JS, Baumgard LH. PHYSIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Postnatal consequences of in utero heat stress in pigs. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:962-971. [PMID: 30534960 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal heat stress negatively impacts pig productivity and well-being as animals attempt to manage the resultant strain response. This is especially true when postnatal heat stress is combined with production stressors (e.g., mixing, weaning, transport, handling, and isolation) that have the potential to increase disease occurrence, morbidity and mortality. While pigs can utilize adaptive physiological mechanisms to compensate, these are often unfavorable to efficient livestock production. Specifically, postnatal heat stress decreases weight gain, reduces growth and production efficiency, alters carcass composition, and increases morbidity and mortality. Consequently, decreased animal performance constrains profitability and affects economic sustainability. In addition to the negative effects of postnatal heat stress, prenatal heat stress has long-term consequences that may compromise future piglet well-being and performance. Pigs gestated under heat stress conditions have an increased postnatal stress response and an increase in maintenance energy requirements. Furthermore, prenatal heat stress decreases swine birth weight, and increases teratogenicity, core body temperature set-point, and alters postnatal body composition (more adipose tissue and less skeletal muscle). Taken together, the effects of heat stress during pre- and postnatal pig development negatively influences productivity and well-being, a scenario that threatens the sustainability of global swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Johnson
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN
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21
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Abukiwan A, Nwaeburu CC, Bauer N, Zhao Z, Liu L, Gladkich J, Gross W, Benner A, Strobel O, Fellenberg J, Herr I. Dexamethasone-induced inhibition of miR-132 via methylation promotes TGF-β-driven progression of pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:53-64. [PMID: 30387838 PMCID: PMC6255064 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexamethasone (DEX) are administered as cancer co-treatment for palliative purposes due to their pro-apoptotic effects in lymphoid cancer and limited side effects associated with cancer growth and chemotherapy. However, there is emerging evidence that GCs induce therapy resistance in most epithelial tumors. Our recent data reveal that DEX promotes the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). In the present study, we examined 1 primary and 2 established PDA cell lines, and 35 PDA tissues from patients who had received (n=14) or not received (n=21) GCs prior to surgery. Through microRNA microarray analysis, in silico, and RT-qPCR analyses, we identified 268 microRNAs differentially expressed between DEX-treated and untreated cells. With a focus on cancer progression, we selected miR-132 and its target gene, transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), as top candidates. miR-132 mimics directly bound to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of a TGF-β2 luciferase construct and enhanced expression, as shown by increased luciferase activity. By contrast, DEX inhibited miR-132 expression via promoter methylation. miR-132 mimics also reduced DEX-induced clonogenicity, migration and expression of vimentin and E-cadherin in vitro and in tumor xenografts. In patients, GC intake prior to surgery enhanced global hypermethylation and expression of TGF-β2 in tissues; expression of miR-132 was detected but could not be quantified. Our results demonstrate that DEX-mediated inhibition of miR-132 is a key mediator in the progression of pancreatic cancer, and the findings provide a foundation for miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Abukiwan
- Molecular Oncosurgery, Section of Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clifford C Nwaeburu
- Molecular Oncosurgery, Section of Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Bauer
- Molecular Oncosurgery, Section of Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhefu Zhao
- Molecular Oncosurgery, Section of Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Liu
- Molecular Oncosurgery, Section of Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jury Gladkich
- Molecular Oncosurgery, Section of Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gross
- Molecular Oncosurgery, Section of Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Fellenberg
- Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Herr
- Molecular Oncosurgery, Section of Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Mustonen P, Karlsson L, Scheinin NM, Kortesluoma S, Coimbra B, Rodrigues AJ, Karlsson H. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) as a measure for prenatal psychological distress - A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 92:21-28. [PMID: 29609112 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal environment reportedly affects the programming of developmental trajectories in offspring and the modification of risks for later morbidity. Among the increasingly studied prenatal exposures are maternal psychological distress (PD) and altered maternal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. Both prenatal PD and maternal short-term cortisol concentrations as markers for HPA axis activity have been linked to adverse child outcomes and it has been assumed that maternal PD affects the offspring partially via altered cortisol secretion patterns. Yet, the existing literature on the interrelations between these two measures is conflicting. The assessment of cortisol levels by using hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has gained interest, as it offers a way to assess long-term cortisol levels with a single non-invasive sampling. According to our review, 6 studies assessing the associations between maternal HCC during pregnancy and various types of maternal PD have been published so far. Measures of prenatal PD range from maternal symptoms of depression or anxiety to stress related to person's life situation or pregnancy. The aim of this systematic review is to critically evaluate the potential of HCC as a biomarker for maternal PD during pregnancy. We conclude that HCC appears to be inconsistently associated with self-reported symptoms of prenatal PD, especially in the range of mild to moderate symptom levels. Self-reports on PD usually cover short time periods and they seem to depict partly different phenomena than HCC. Thus, methodological aspects are in a key role in future studies evaluating the interconnections across different types of prenatal PD and maternal HPA axis functioning. Further, studies including repetitive measurements of both HCC and PD during the prenatal period are needed, as timing of the assessments is one important source of variation among current studies. The significance of prenatal HCC in the context of offspring outcomes needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mustonen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora M Scheinin
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Kortesluoma
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Bárbara Coimbra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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23
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Xu YJ, Sheng H, Wu TW, Bao QY, Zheng Y, Zhang YM, Gong YX, Lu JQ, You ZD, Xia Y, Ni X. CRH/CRHR1 mediates prenatal synthetic glucocorticoid programming of depression-like behavior across 2 generations. FASEB J 2018. [PMID: 29543532 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700948rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women at risk of preterm labor usually receive synthetic glucocorticoids (sGCs) to promote fetal lung development. Emerging evidence indicates that antenatal sGC increases the risk of affective disorders in offspring. Data from animal studies show that such disorders can be transmitted to the second generation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the intergenerational effects of prenatal sGC remain largely unknown. Here we show that prenatal dexamethasone (Dex) administration in late pregnancy induced depression-like behavior in first-generation (F1) offspring, which could be transmitted to second-generation (F2) offspring with maternal dependence. Moreover, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1) expression in the hippocampus was increased in F1 Dex offspring and F2 offspring from F1 Dex female rats. Administration of a CRHR1 antagonist to newborn F1 Dex offspring alleviated depression-like behavior in these rats at adult. Furthermore, we demonstrated that increased CRHR1 expression in F1 and F2 offspring was associated with hypomethylation of CpG islands in Crhr1 promoter. Our results revealed that prenatal sGC exposure could program Crh and Crhr1 gene expression in hippocampus across 2 generations, thereby leading to depression-like behavior. Our study indicates that prenatal sGC can cause epigenetic instability, which increases the risk of disease development in the offspring's later life.-Xu, Y.-J., Sheng, H., Wu, T.-W., Bao, Q.-Y., Zheng, Y., Zhang, Y.-M., Gong, Y.-X., Lu, J.-Q., You, Z.-D., Xia, Y., Ni, X. CRH/CRHR1 mediates prenatal synthetic glucocorticoid programming of depression-like behavior across 2 generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Wen Wu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Yue Bao
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Min Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gong
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Dong You
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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Depressive-like phenotype induced by prenatal dexamethasone in mice is reversed by desipramine. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:242-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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TAK1 inhibition attenuates both inflammation and fibrosis in experimental pneumoconiosis. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17023. [PMID: 28698801 PMCID: PMC5504492 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumoconiosis, caused by inhalation of mineral dusts, is a major occupational disease worldwide. Currently, there are no effective drugs owing to a lack of potential therapeutic targets during either the inflammation or fibrosis molecular events in pneumoconiosis. Here, we performed microarrays to identify aberrantly expressed genes in the above molecular events in vitro and found a hub gene transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which was highly expressed and activated in pneumoconiosis patients as well as silica-exposed rats with experimental pneumoconiosis. Genetic modulation of TAK1 by CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9, RNA interference and overexpression indicated the important role of TAK1 in both inflammation and fibrosis in experimental pneumoconiosis. To achieve pharmacological TAK1 inhibition, we virtually screened out a natural product resveratrol, which targeted TAK1 at both N161 and A107 residues, and significantly inhibited TAK1 activation to attenuate inflammation and fibrosis in vitro. Consistently, in vivo prevention and intervention studies showed that resveratrol could inhibit pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in silica-exposed rats.
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Ozmen A, Unek G, Korgun ET. Effect of glucocorticoids on mechanisms of placental angiogenesis. Placenta 2017; 52:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pasqualini JR, Chetrite GS. The formation and transformation of hormones in maternal, placental and fetal compartments: biological implications. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 27:11-28. [PMID: 27567599 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fetal endocrine system constitutes the earliest system developing in fetal life and operates during all the steps of gestation. Its regulation is in part dependent on the secretion of placental and/or maternal precursors emanating across the feto-maternal interface. Human fetal and placental compartments possess all the enzymatic systems necessary to produce steroid hormones. However, their activities are different and complementary: the fetus is very active in converting acetate into cholesterol, in transforming pregnanes to androstanes, various hydroxylases, sulfotransferases, while all these transformations are absent or very limited in the placenta. This compartment can transform cholesterol to C21-steroids, convert 5-ene to 4-ene steroids, and has a high capacity to aromatize C19 precursors and to hydrolyze sulfates. Steroid hormone receptors are present at an early stage of gestation and are functional for important physiological activities. The production rate of some steroids greatly increases with fetal evolution (e.g. estriol increases 500-1000 times in relation to non-pregnant women). Other hormones, such as glucocorticoids, in particular the stress hormone cortisol, adipokines (e.g. leptin, adiponectin), insulin-like growth factors, are also a key factor for regulating reproduction, metabolism, appetite and may be significant in programming the fetus and its growth. We can hypothesize that the fetal and placental factors controlling hormonal levels in the fetal compartment can be of capital importance in the normal development of extra-uterine life.
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Prokai D, Berga SL. Neuroprotection via Reduction in Stress: Altered Menstrual Patterns as a Marker for Stress and Implications for Long-Term Neurologic Health in Women. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122147. [PMID: 27999413 PMCID: PMC5187947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals under chronic psychological stress can be difficult to identify clinically. There is often no outwardly visible phenotype. Chronic stress of sufficient magnitude not only impacts reproductive function, but also concomitantly elicits a constellation of neuroendocrine changes that may accelerate aging in general and brain aging in particular. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, a phenotypically recognizable form of stress, is due to stress-induced suppression of endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. Reversal of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea includes restoration of ovulatory ovarian function and fertility and amelioration of hypercortisolism and hypothyroidism. Taken together, recovery from functional hypothalamic amenorrhea putatively offers neuroprotection and ameliorates stress-induced premature brain aging and possibly syndromic Alzheimer’s disease. Amenorrhea may be viewed as a sentinel indicator of stress. Hypothalamic hypogonadism is less clinically evident in men and the diagnosis is difficult to establish. Whether there are other sex differences in the impact of stress on brain aging remains to be better investigated, but it is likely that both low estradiol from stress-induced anovulation and low testosterone from stress-induced hypogonadism compromise brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Prokai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Sarah L Berga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Maternal Stress Affects Fetal Growth but Not Developmental Instability in Rabbits. Symmetry (Basel) 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/sym8100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dasinger JH, Davis GK, Newsome AD, Alexander BT. Developmental Programming of Hypertension: Physiological Mechanisms. Hypertension 2016; 68:826-31. [PMID: 27550912 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.06603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John Henry Dasinger
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Gwendolyn K Davis
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Ashley D Newsome
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.
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Fowden AL, Valenzuela OA, Vaughan OR, Jellyman JK, Forhead AJ. Glucocorticoid programming of intrauterine development. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56 Suppl:S121-32. [PMID: 27345310 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important environmental and maturational signals during intrauterine development. Toward term, the maturational rise in fetal glucocorticoid receptor concentrations decreases fetal growth and induces differentiation of key tissues essential for neonatal survival. When cortisol levels rise earlier in gestation as a result of suboptimal conditions for fetal growth, the switch from tissue accretion to differentiation is initiated prematurely, which alters the phenotype that develops from the genotype inherited at conception. Although this improves the chances of survival should delivery occur, it also has functional consequences for the offspring long after birth. Glucocorticoids are, therefore, also programming signals that permanently alter tissue structure and function during intrauterine development to optimize offspring fitness. However, if the postnatal environmental conditions differ from those signaled in utero, the phenotypical outcome of early-life glucocorticoid receptor overexposure may become maladaptive and lead to physiological dysfunction in the adult. This review focuses on the role of GCs in developmental programming, primarily in farm species. It examines the factors influencing GC bioavailability in utero and the effects that GCs have on the development of fetal tissues and organ systems, both at term and earlier in gestation. It also discusses the windows of susceptibility to GC overexposure in early life together with the molecular mechanisms and long-term consequences of GC programming with particular emphasis on the cardiovascular, metabolic, and endocrine phenotype of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - O A Valenzuela
- Centre for Trophoblast and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - O R Vaughan
- Centre for Trophoblast and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - J K Jellyman
- Centre for Trophoblast and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - A J Forhead
- Centre for Trophoblast and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
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Maccari S, Polese D, Reynaert ML, Amici T, Morley-Fletcher S, Fagioli F. Early-life experiences and the development of adult diseases with a focus on mental illness: The Human Birth Theory. Neuroscience 2016; 342:232-251. [PMID: 27235745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, early adverse experiences, including mother-pup interactions, shape the response of an individual to chronic stress or to stress-related diseases during adult life. This has led to the elaboration of the theory of the developmental origins of health and disease, in particular adult diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. In addition, in humans, as stated by Massimo Fagioli's Human Birth Theory, birth is healthy and equal for all individuals, so that mental illness develop exclusively in the postnatal period because of the quality of the relationship in the first year of life. Thus, this review focuses on the importance of programming during the early developmental period on the manifestation of adult diseases in both animal models and humans. Considering the obvious differences between animals and humans we cannot systematically move from animal models to humans. Consequently, in the first part of this review, we will discuss how animal models can be used to dissect the influence of adverse events occurring during the prenatal and postnatal periods on the developmental trajectories of the offspring, and in the second part, we will discuss the role of postnatal critical periods on the development of mental diseases in humans. Epigenetic mechanisms that cause reversible modifications in gene expression, driving the development of a pathological phenotype in response to a negative early postnatal environment, may lie at the core of this programming, thereby providing potential new therapeutic targets. The concept of the Human Birth Theory leads to a comprehension of the mental illness as a pathology of the human relationship immediately after birth and during the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Maccari
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela Polese
- NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Unit of Psychiatry, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Marie-Line Reynaert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Francesca Fagioli
- Prevention and early Intervention Mental Health (PIPSM) ASL Rome 1, Italy
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Grooten IJ, Vinke ME, Roseboom TJ, Painter RC. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Utility of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 8:23-32. [PMID: 26877629 PMCID: PMC4745642 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s29532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticosteroids (CCS) are effective in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, but it is unknown whether CCS are effective in treating hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). METHODS We searched PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to May 15, 2015, for randomized controlled trials examining the effects of CCS in HG. RESULTS We identified five trials (n = 310) examining the effects of CCS in women with HG. Meta-analysis was possible for one outcome (n = 214) and showed no significant effect of CCS on readmission rates (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence internal: 0.1–1.35). Two small studies (n = 104) reported a reduction of vomiting episodes, and one (n = 24) found improvement of well-being, but no effect on other outcomes. None of the studies that investigated perinatal outcome (n = 173) found an effect of CCS and were underpowered to investigate teratogenic effects. We found evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSION Meta-analysis yielded no effect of CCS therapy on readmission rates. Single small studies indicated possible beneficial effects on other outcomes. Future high-quality trials are necessary and would benefit from consensus on HG definition and core outcomes of HG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris J Grooten
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margot E Vinke
- Medical Student, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C Painter
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Luik AI, Direk N, Zuurbier LA, Hofman A, Van Someren EJW, Tiemeier H. Sleep and 24-h activity rhythms in relation to cortisol change after a very low-dose of dexamethasone. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 53:207-16. [PMID: 25635613 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays an important role in sleep. Nevertheless, the association of sleep and its 24-h organization with negative feedback control of the HPA axis has received limited attention in population-based studies. We explored this association in 493 middle-aged persons of the Rotterdam Study, a large population-based study (mean age 56 years, standard deviation: 5.3 years; 57% female). The negative feedback of the HPA axis was measured as the change in morning saliva cortisol after the intake of 0.25mg dexamethasone the night before. Actigraphy allowed us to measure the stability and fragmentation of the activity rhythm and to estimate total sleep time, sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset. A sleep diary kept during the week of actigraphy was used to assess self-reported total sleep time, sleep onset latency, number of awakenings and perceived sleep quality. In our study, enhanced negative feedback of the HPA axis was found in association with unstable activity rhythms (B=0.106, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.002; 0.210), total sleep time (B=0.108, 95%CI: 0.001; 0.215) and poor subjective sleep quality (B=0.107, 95%CI: 0.009; 0.206) after multivariate adjustment. These results indicated that the 24-h organization, duration and experience of sleep are all associated with the negative feedback control of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie I Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neşe Direk
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette A Zuurbier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Netherlands Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Medical Psychology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Spyridou A, Schauer M, Ruf-Leuschner M. Obstetric care providers are able to assess psychosocial risks, identify and refer high-risk pregnant women: validation of a short assessment tool - the KINDEX Greek version. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:41. [PMID: 25884996 PMCID: PMC4343273 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal assessment for psychosocial risk factors and prevention and intervention is scarce and, in most cases, nonexistent in obstetrical care. In this study we aimed to evaluate if the KINDEX, a short instrument developed in Germany, is a useful tool in the hands of non-trained medical staff, in order to identify and refer women in psychosocial risk to the adequate mental health and social services. We also examined the criterion-related concurrent validity of the tool through a validation interview carried out by an expert clinical psychologist. Our final objective was to achieve the cultural adaptation of the KINDEX Greek Version and to offer a valid tool for the psychosocial risk assessment to the obstetric care providers. Methods Two obstetricians and five midwives carried out 93 KINDEX interviews (duration 20 minutes) with pregnant women to assess psychosocial risk factors present during pregnancy. Afterwards they referred women who they identified having two or more psychosocial risk factors to the mental health attention unit of the hospital. During the validation procedure an expert clinical psychologist carried out diagnostic interviews with a randomized subsample of 50 pregnant women based on established diagnostic instruments for stress and psychopathology, like the PSS-14, ESI, PDS, HSCL-25. Results Significant correlations between the results obtained through the assessment using the KINDEX and the risk areas of stress, psychopathology and trauma load assessed in the validation interview demonstrate the criterion-related concurrent validity of the KINDEX. The referral accuracy of the medical staff is confirmed through comparisons between pregnant women who have and have not been referred to the mental health attention unit. Conclusions Prenatal screenings for psychosocial risks like the KINDEX are feasible in public health settings in Greece. In addition, validity was confirmed in high correlations between the KINDEX results and the results of the validation interviews. The KINDEX Greek version can be considered a valid tool, which can be used by non-trained medical staff providing obstetrical care to identify high-risk women and refer them to adequate mental health and social services. These kind of assessments are indispensable for the promotion of a healthy family environment and child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Spyridou
- University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany. .,Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Clinical Psychology & Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Post Box 905, Constance, D-78457, Germany.
| | - Maggie Schauer
- University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany. .,Vivo international (www.vivo.org), Constance, Germany.
| | - Martina Ruf-Leuschner
- University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany. .,Vivo international (www.vivo.org), Constance, Germany.
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The postnatal origin of adult neural stem cells and the effects of glucocorticoids on their genesis. Behav Brain Res 2015; 279:166-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Spyridou A, Schauer M, Ruf-Leuschner M. Obstetric care providers assessing psychosocial risk factors during pregnancy: validation of a short screening tool - the KINDEX Spanish Version. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2014; 8:30. [PMID: 25670965 PMCID: PMC4323280 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-014-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of stress due to diverse psychosocial factors have a direct impact on the mothers' wellbeing during pregnancy and both direct and indirect effects on the fetus. In most cases, psychosocial risk factors present during pregnancy will not disappear after delivery and might influence the parent-child relationship, affecting the healthy development of the offspring in the long term. We introduce a short innovative prenatal assessment to detect psychosocial risk factors through an easy to use instrument for obstetrical medical staff in the daily clinical practice, the KINDEX Spanish Version. METHODS In the present study midwives and gynecologists interviewed one hundred nineteen pregnant women in a public health center using the KINDEX Spanish Version. Sixty-seven women were then randomly selected to participate in an extended standardized validation interview conducted by a clinical psychologist using established questionnaires to assesses current stress (ESI, PSS-14), symptoms of psychopathology (HSCL-25, PDS) and traumatic experiences (PDS, CFV). Ethical approval was granted and informed consent was required for participation in this study. RESULTS The KINDEX sum score, as assessed by medical staff, correlated significantly with stress, psychopathology and trauma as measured during the clinical expert interview. The KINDEX shows strong concurrent validity. Its use by medical staff in daily clinical practice is feasible for public health contexts. Certain items in the KINDEX are related to the respective scales assessing the same risks (e.g.PSS-4 as the shorter version of the PSS-14 and items from the ESI) used in the validation interview. CONCLUSIONS The KINDEX Spanish Version is a valid tool in the hands of medical staff to identify women with multiple psychosocial risk factors in public health settings. The KINDEX Spanish Version could serve as a base-instrument for the referral of at-risk women to appropriate psychosocial intervention. Such early interventions could prove pivotal in preventing undesirable mother-child relationships and adverse child development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maggie Schauer
- />University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- />Vivo International (www.vivo.org), Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martina Ruf-Leuschner
- />University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- />Vivo International (www.vivo.org), Konstanz, Germany
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Vitlic A, Lord JM, Phillips AC. Stress, ageing and their influence on functional, cellular and molecular aspects of the immune system. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9631. [PMID: 24562499 PMCID: PMC4082590 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The immune response is essential for keeping an organism healthy and for defending it from different types of pathogens. It is a complex system that consists of a large number of components performing different functions. The adequate and controlled interaction between these components is necessary for a robust and strong immune response. There are, however, many factors that interfere with the way the immune response functions. Stress and ageing now consistently appear in the literature as factors that act upon the immune system in the way that is often damaging. This review focuses on the role of stress and ageing in altering the robustness of the immune response first separately, and then simultaneously, discussing the effects that emerge from their interplay. The special focus is on the psychological stress and the impact that it has at different levels, from the whole system to the individual molecules, resulting in consequences for physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vitlic
- />School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT England UK
- />MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England UK
| | - Janet M. Lord
- />MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England UK
- />School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England UK
| | - Anna C. Phillips
- />School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT England UK
- />MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England UK
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