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Pramanik S, Devi M H, Chakrabarty S, Paylar B, Pradhan A, Thaker M, Ayyadhury S, Manavalan A, Olsson PE, Pramanik G, Heese K. Microglia signaling in health and disease - Implications in sex-specific brain development and plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 165:105834. [PMID: 39084583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the intrinsic neuroimmune cells residing in the central nervous system (CNS), exert a pivotal influence on brain development, homeostasis, and functionality, encompassing critical roles during both aging and pathological states. Recent advancements in comprehending brain plasticity and functions have spotlighted conspicuous variances between male and female brains, notably in neurogenesis, neuronal myelination, axon fasciculation, and synaptogenesis. Nevertheless, the precise impact of microglia on sex-specific brain cell plasticity, sculpting diverse neural network architectures and circuits, remains largely unexplored. This article seeks to unravel the present understanding of microglial involvement in brain development, plasticity, and function, with a specific emphasis on microglial signaling in brain sex polymorphism. Commencing with an overview of microglia in the CNS and their associated signaling cascades, we subsequently probe recent revelations regarding molecular signaling by microglia in sex-dependent brain developmental plasticity, functions, and diseases. Notably, C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), calcium (Ca2+), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) emerge as molecular candidates significantly contributing to sex-dependent brain development and plasticity. In conclusion, we address burgeoning inquiries surrounding microglia's pivotal role in the functional diversity of developing and aging brains, contemplating their potential implications for gender-tailored therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Harini Devi M
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Saswata Chakrabarty
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Berkay Paylar
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Manisha Thaker
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Inc., 2425 New Holland Pike, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA
| | - Shamini Ayyadhury
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Arulmani Manavalan
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Gopal Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133791, the Republic of Korea.
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Okino R, Mukai K, Oguri S, Masuda M, Watanabe S, Yoneyama Y, Nagaosa S, Miyamoto T, Mochizuki A, Takahashi SI, Hakuno F. IGF-I concentration determines cell fate by converting signaling dynamics as a bifurcation parameter in L6 myoblasts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20699. [PMID: 39237579 PMCID: PMC11377782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I mediates long-term activities that determine cell fate, including cell proliferation and differentiation. This study aimed to characterize the mechanisms by which IGF-I determines cell fate from the aspect of IGF-I signaling dynamics. In L6 myoblasts, myogenic differentiation proceeded under low IGF-I levels, whereas proliferation was enhanced under high levels. Mathematical and experimental analyses revealed that IGF-I signaling oscillated at low IGF-I levels but remained constant at high levels, suggesting that differences in IGF-I signaling dynamics determine cell fate. We previously reported that differential insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 levels generate a driving force for cell competition. Computational simulations and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that asynchronous IRS-1 protein oscillations were synchronized during myogenic processes through cell competition. Disturbances of cell competition impaired signaling synchronization and cell fusion, indicating that synchronization of IGF-I signaling oscillation is critical for myoblast cell fusion to form multinucleate myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Okino
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Research Team for Aging Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatric and Gerontology (TMIG), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Mukai
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunpei Oguri
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Masuda
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Information Sciences and Arts, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yoneyama
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumine Nagaosa
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Cybermedicine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Mathematical Biology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Furuta H, Sheng Y, Takahashi A, Nagano R, Kataoka N, Perks CM, Barker R, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. The IGF-Independent Role of IRS-2 in the Secretion of MMP-9 Enhances the Growth of Prostate Carcinoma Cell Line PC3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15065. [PMID: 37894751 PMCID: PMC10606031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), a substrate of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor, is highly expressed in the prostate cancer cell line, PC3. We recently demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2), a kinase downstream of IGF signaling, is activated in PC3 cells under serum starvation, and this activation can be inhibited by IRS-2 knockdown. Here, we observed that adding an IGF-I-neutralizing antibody to the culture medium inhibited the activation of Erk1/2. Suppression of Erk1/2 in IRS-2 knockdown cells was restored by the addition of a PC3 serum-free conditioned medium. In contrast, the IRS-2-silenced PC3 conditioned medium could not restore Erk1/2 activation, suggesting that IRS-2 promotes the secretion of proteins that activate the IGF signaling pathway. Furthermore, gelatin zymography analysis of the conditioned medium showed that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was secreted extracellularly in an IRS-2 dependent manner when PC3 was cultured under serum starvation conditions. Moreover, MMP-9 knockdown suppressed Erk1/2 activation, DNA synthesis, and migratory activity. The IRS-2 levels were positively correlated with Gleason grade in human prostate cancer tissues. These data suggest that highly expressed IRS-2 activates IGF signaling by enabling the secretion of MMP-9, which is associated with hyperproliferation and malignancy of prostate cancer cell line, PC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Furuta
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Yina Sheng
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Ayaka Takahashi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Raku Nagano
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Naoyuki Kataoka
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Claire Marie Perks
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Learning & Research Building, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (C.M.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Rachel Barker
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Learning & Research Building, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (C.M.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
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Castiglione R, Vivacqua A, Santoro M, De Rose D, Peluso G, Panza S, Aquila S, D'Agata R. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Acts as Signaling Mediator to Modulate Human Sperm Performance via Targeting Akt, JNK and IRS-1 Cell Signaling Cascades: Novel Insights into Sperm Physiopathology. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113844. [PMID: 37298039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the male gonad is a potential target of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). We investigated the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on sperm function and the molecular mechanisms through which it may act. Semen samples of healthy men were incubated in the presence or absence of a GLP-1 mimetic analog, exendin-4 (Exe). In a different analysis, sperm were exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) alone and, in some tubes, TNF-α was added after previous exposure to exendin-4 (Exe). Sperm parameters and protein-kinase B (p-Akt), insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS-1 Ser312), and c Jun N-terminal protein kinase (p-JNK Thr183/Tyr185) were considered and evaluated. Sperm parameters, when incubated for 4 h in a simple defined balanced salt solution lacking protein, declined progressively with incubation time. The maximum decline was associated with a significant decrease in phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), concomitantly to an increase in insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS-1 Ser312) and c Jun N-terminal protein kinase (p-JNK Thr183/Tyr185). Preincubation with exendin-4 (Exe) prevented this decline and maintained sperm motility (progressive-PM and total-TM). TNF-α exposure resulted in decreased sperm motility (PM and TM) and viability (V) in a concentration-dependent manner. Exe addition attenuated this TNF-α negative effect on sperm parameters. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) also acts by reducing levels of the "negative" kinases p-IRS-1Ser312 and p-JNK. An imbalance involving these three kinases in sperm, as it occurs in somatic cells, is a novel scenario that may participate in sperm physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castiglione
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Adele Vivacqua
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marta Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniela De Rose
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Peluso
- Unit of Physiophatology of Reproduction, Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Saveria Aquila
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosario D'Agata
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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5
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Gruber J, Hanssen R, Qubad M, Bouzouina A, Schack V, Sochor H, Schiweck C, Aichholzer M, Matura S, Slattery DA, Zopf Y, Borgland SL, Reif A, Thanarajah SE. Impact of insulin and insulin resistance on brain dopamine signalling and reward processing- an underexplored mechanism in the pathophysiology of depression? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105179. [PMID: 37059404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and major depressive disorder (MDD) are the leading causes of disability worldwide and have a high comorbidity rate with fatal outcomes. Despite the long-established association between these conditions, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Since the discovery of insulin receptors in the brain and the brain's reward system, evidence has accumulated indicating that insulin modulates dopaminergic (DA) signalling and reward behaviour. Here, we review the evidence from rodent and human studies, that insulin resistance directly alters central DA pathways, which may result in motivational deficits and depressive symptoms. Specifically, we first elaborate on the differential effects of insulin on DA signalling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) - the primary DA source region in the midbrain - and the striatum as well as its effects on behaviour. We then focus on the alterations induced by insulin deficiency and resistance. Finally, we review the impact of insulin resistance in DA pathways in promoting depressive symptoms and anhedonia on a molecular and epidemiological level and discuss its relevance for stratified treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruth Hanssen
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Prevention Medicine, Germany
| | - Mishal Qubad
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aicha Bouzouina
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vivi Schack
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannah Sochor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmen Schiweck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mareike Aichholzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yurdaguel Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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6
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Akarsu E, Sayiner ZA, Balcı SO, Demirel C, Bozdag Z, Korkmaz M, Yılmaz I. Effects of antidiabetics and exercise therapy on suppressors of cytokine signaling-1, suppressors of cytokine signaling-3, and insulin receptor substrate-1 molecules in diabetes and obesity. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:112-118. [PMID: 36629649 PMCID: PMC9937604 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathological destruction of insulin signaling molecules such as insulin receptor substrate, especially due to the increase in suppressors of cytokine signaling molecules, has been demonstrated in experimental diabetes. The contribution of suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins to the development of insulin resistance and the effects of antidiabetic drugs and exercise on suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins are not clearly known. METHODS A total of 48 Wistar albino adult male rats were divided into six groups: control group, obese group with diabetes, obese diabetic rats treated with metformin, obese diabetic rats treated with pioglitazone, obese diabetic rats treated with exenatide, and obese diabetic rats with applied exercise program. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in both the liver and adipose tissue. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in suppressors of cytokine signaling-1, a decrease in suppressors of cytokine signaling-3, an increase in insulin receptor substrate-1, and a decrease in immunohistochemical staining in the obese group treated with metformin and exenatide compared to the obese group without treatment in the liver tissue (p<0.05). A statistically significant decrease in immunohistochemical staining of suppressors of cytokine signaling-1 and suppressors of cytokine signaling-3 was found in the obese group receiving exercise therapy compared to the obese group without treatment in visceral adipose tissue (p<0.05). Likewise, no significant immunohistochemistry staining was seen in diabetic obese groups. CONCLUSION Metformin or exenatide treatment could prevent the degradation of insulin receptor substrate-1 protein by reducing the effect of suppressors of cytokine signaling-1 and suppressors of cytokine signaling-3 proteins, especially in the liver tissue. In addition, exercise can play a role as a complementary therapy by reducing suppressors of cytokine signaling-1 and suppressors of cytokine signaling-3 proteins in visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Akarsu
- University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism – Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Zeynel Abidin Sayiner
- University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism – Gaziantep, Turkey.,Corresponding author:
| | - Sibel Oğuzkan Balcı
- University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology – Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Can Demirel
- University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics – Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bozdag
- University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology – Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Murat Korkmaz
- University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology – Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yılmaz
- University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics – Gaziantep, Turkey
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7
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Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Signaling Preserves Sarcomere Integrity in the Adult Heart. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0016322. [PMID: 36125265 PMCID: PMC9583714 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00163-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling is transduced by insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and IRS2. To elucidate physiological and redundant roles of insulin and IGF1 signaling in adult hearts, we generated mice with inducible cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of insulin and IGF1 receptors or IRS1 and IRS2. Both models developed dilated cardiomyopathy, and most mice died by 8 weeks post-gene deletion. Heart failure was characterized by cardiomyocyte loss and disarray, increased proapoptotic signaling, and increased autophagy. Suppression of autophagy by activating mTOR signaling did not prevent heart failure. Transcriptional profiling revealed reduced serum response factor (SRF) transcriptional activity and decreased mRNA levels of genes encoding sarcomere and gap junction proteins as early as 3 days post-gene deletion, in concert with ultrastructural evidence of sarcomere disruption and intercalated discs within 1 week after gene deletion. These data confirm conserved roles for constitutive insulin and IGF1 signaling in suppressing autophagic and apoptotic signaling in the adult heart. The present study also identifies an unexpected role for insulin and IGF1 signaling in regulating an SRF-mediated transcriptional program, which maintains expression of genes encoding proteins that support sarcomere integrity in the adult heart, reduction of which results in rapid development of heart failure.
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8
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Zhao M, Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe N, Ulicna L, Nguyen Q, Voilquin L, Lee DE, White JP, Jiang Z, Cuthbert N, Paramasivam S, Bielczyk-Maczynska E, Van Rechem C, Svensson KJ. Phosphoproteomic mapping reveals distinct signaling actions and activation of muscle protein synthesis by Isthmin-1. eLife 2022; 11:e80014. [PMID: 36169399 PMCID: PMC9592085 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted protein isthmin-1 (Ism1) mitigates diabetes by increasing adipocyte and skeletal muscle glucose uptake by activating the PI3K-Akt pathway. However, while both Ism1 and insulin converge on these common targets, Ism1 has distinct cellular actions suggesting divergence in downstream intracellular signaling pathways. To understand the biological complexity of Ism1 signaling, we performed phosphoproteomic analysis after acute exposure, revealing overlapping and distinct pathways of Ism1 and insulin. We identify a 53% overlap between Ism1 and insulin signaling and Ism1-mediated phosphoproteome-wide alterations in ~450 proteins that are not shared with insulin. Interestingly, we find several unknown phosphorylation sites on proteins related to protein translation, mTOR pathway, and, unexpectedly, muscle function in the Ism1 signaling network. Physiologically, Ism1 ablation in mice results in altered proteostasis, including lower muscle protein levels under fed and fasted conditions, reduced amino acid incorporation into proteins, and reduced phosphorylation of the key protein synthesis effectors Akt and downstream mTORC1 targets. As metabolic disorders such as diabetes are associated with accelerated loss of skeletal muscle protein content, these studies define a non-canonical mechanism by which this antidiabetic circulating protein controls muscle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | | | - Livia Ulicna
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Quennie Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Laetitia Voilquin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - David E Lee
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - James P White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Nickeisha Cuthbert
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Shrika Paramasivam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Ewa Bielczyk-Maczynska
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Capucine Van Rechem
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
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9
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Interleukin (IL)-9 Supports the Tumor-Promoting Environment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246301. [PMID: 34944921 PMCID: PMC8699356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Interleukin 9 (IL-9), a soluble factor secreted by immune cells, has been found in several tumor niches where, depending on the specific tumor type, it either promotes or counteracts tumor development. Recently, IL-9 has been implicated in the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, although the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the roles of IL-9 in disease, with a focus on its implication in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Abstract Interleukin (IL)-9 is a soluble factor secreted by immune cells into the microenvironment. Originally identified as a mediator of allergic responses, IL-9 has been detected in recent years in several tumor niches. In solid tumors, it mainly promotes anti-tumor immune responses, while in hematologic malignancies, it sustains the growth and survival of neoplastic cells. IL-9 has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its contribution to this complex neoplasia are still unclear. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of IL-9 in the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on its role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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10
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Lee H, Lee J. Anti-diabetic effect of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives in free fatty acid-induced HepG2 cells via miR-1271/IRS1/PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13993. [PMID: 34730253 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and increased hepatic glucose production. MicroRNAs (miRs) are considered regulators of glucose metabolism. This study evaluated anti-diabetic activity of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives and determined the involvement of miR-1271. Among the hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, gallic acid (GA) showed the best anti-diabetic activity. GA improved free fatty acid (FFA)-induced hepatic IR, increased glucose consumption, and decreased reactive oxygen species. GA inhibited the upregulation of miR-1271 induced by FFA and upregulated its targets such as p-IRS, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-FOXO1, accompanied by the regulation of glucose metabolism genes. The involvement of miR-1271 in the protective effect of GA against IR was further confirmed in the presence of miR-1271 mimic or miR-1271 inhibitor. Our results suggest that GA attenuates IR via the miR-1271/IRS/PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway and thus might be considered for the management of IR. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: MicroRNAs can regulate insulin resistance by affecting protein expressions involved in insulin signaling. Experimental data suggest that some phytochemicals regulate the expression of various microRNAs. However, it is not clear whether phenolic acids play any role in the hepatic insulin signaling pathway through the regulation of microRNA expression. This study assessed the anti-diabetic activity of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives through down-regulation of microRNA-1271 and its association with the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathways. This research will be able to offer basic information regarding a potential therapeutic strategy to control hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Life, & Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Life, & Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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11
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Kang WN, Wang BY, Fu KY, Guo WC, Jin L, Li GQ. The Leptinotarsa forkhead transcription factor O exerts a key function during larval-pupal-adult transition. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 132:104266. [PMID: 34126099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FoxO) protein, a major downstream transcription factor of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling/target of rapamycin pathway (IIS/TOR), is involved in the regulation of larval growth and the determination of organ size. FoxO also interacts with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) signal transduction pathways, and hence is critical for larval development in holometabolans. However, whether FoxO plays a critical role during larval metamorphosis needs to be further determined in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. We found that 20E stimulated the expression of LdFoxO. RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knockdown of LdFoxO at the third-instar stage repressed 20E signaling and reduced larval weight. Although the resultant larvae survived through the third-fourth instar ecdysis, around 70% of the LdFoxO depleted moribund beetles developmentally arrested at prepupae stage. These LdFoxO depleted beetles were completely wrapped in the larval exuviae, gradually darkened and finally died. Moreover, approximately 12% of the LdFoxO RNAi beetles died as pharate adults. Ingestion of either 20E or JH by the LdFoxO depletion beetles excessively rescued the corresponding hormonal signals, but could not alleviate larval performance and restore defective phenotypes. Therefore, FoxO plays an important role in regulation of larval-pupal-adult transformation in L. decemlineata, in addition to mediation of IIS/TOR pathway and stimulation of ecdysteroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Nan Kang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing-Yao Wang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai-Yun Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; Key Laboratory of Intergraded Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China North-western Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Wen-Chao Guo
- Institute of Microbiological Application, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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12
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Salarinasab S, Salimi L, Alidadiani N, Shokrollahi E, Arzhanga P, Karbasforush S, Marofi F, Nasirzadeh M, Rahbarghazi R, Nourazarian A, Nikanfar M. Interaction of opioid with insulin/IGFs signaling in Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:819-834. [PMID: 32026387 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with biochemical and histopathological changes characterized by molecular abnormalities. Due to the lack of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease, many attempts have been made to find potential therapies to reduce or even return neuronal loss after disease initiation. Alzheimer's disease is also touted as type III diabetes, showing an association with insulin signaling. The large distribution of the insulin receptor on the cell surface and its regulatory role in the central nervous system suggests that the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease could be ascribed to insulin signaling. The interference of opioids, such as morphine with insulin signaling pathways, is thought to occur via direct crosstalk between the signaling pathways of the insulin receptor and the mu-opioid receptor. In this review article, we discuss the possible crosstalk between the mu-opioid receptor and insulin signaling pathways. The association of these two signaling pathways with Alzheimer's disease is also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Salarinasab
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Leila Salimi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Alidadiani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elhameh Shokrollahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Pishva Arzhanga
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saedeh Karbasforush
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nasirzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 51666-14756, Iran.
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran.
| | - Masoud Nikanfar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Pan XY, You HM, Wang L, Bi YH, Yang Y, Meng HW, Meng XM, Ma TT, Huang C, Li J. Methylation of RCAN1.4 mediated by DNMT1 and DNMT3b enhances hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrogenesis through Calcineurin/NFAT3 signaling. Theranostics 2019; 9:4308-4323. [PMID: 31285763 PMCID: PMC6599664 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis is characterized by extensive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the liver. RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1), an endogenous inhibitor of calcineurin (CaN), is required for ECM synthesis during hypertrophy of various organs. However, the functional role of RCAN1 in liver fibrogenesis has not yet been addressed. Methods: We induced experimental liver fibrosis in mice by intraperitoneal injection of 10 % CCl4 twice a week. To investigate the functional role of RCAN1.4 in the progression of liver fibrosis, we specifically over-expressed RCAN1.4 in mice liver using rAAV8-packaged RCAN1.4 over-expression plasmid. Following the establishment of the fibrotic mouse model, primary hepatic stellate cells were isolated. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of RCAN1.4 on hepatic fibrogenesis, hepatic stellate cell activation, and cell survival. The biological role and signaling events for RCAN1 were analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was used to predict the methylated CpG islands in the RCAN1.4 gene promoter. We used the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP assay) to investigate DNA methyltransferases which induced decreased expression of RCAN1.4 in liver fibrosis. Results: Two isoforms of RCAN1 protein were expressed in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model and HSC-T6 cells cultured with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). RCAN1 isoform 4 (RCAN1.4) was selectively down-regulated in vivo and in vitro. The BSP analysis indicated the presence of two methylated sites in RCAN1.4 promoter and the downregulated RCAN1.4 expression levels could be restored by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-azadC) and DNMTs-RNAi transfection in vitro. ChIP assay was used to demonstrate that the decreased RCAN1.4 expression was associated with DNMT1 and DNMT3b. Furthermore, we established a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model by injecting the recombinant adeno-associated virus-packaged RCAN1.4 (rAAV8-RCAN1.4) over-expression plasmid through the tail vein. Liver- specific-over-expression of RAN1.4 led to liver function recovery and alleviated ECM deposition. The key protein (a member of the NFAT family of proteins) identified on PPI network data was analyzed in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrated that RCAN1.4 over-expression alleviates, whereas its knockdown exacerbates, TGF-β1-induced liver fibrosis in vitro in a CaN/NFAT3 signaling-dependent manner. Conclusions: RCAN1.4 could alleviate liver fibrosis through inhibition of CaN/NFAT3 signaling, and the anti-fibrosis function of RCAN1.4 could be blocked by DNA methylation mediated by DNMT1 and DNMT3b. Thus, RCAN1.4 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-yin Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Hong-mei You
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Ling Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Yi-hui Bi
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Yang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Hong-wu Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Xiao-ming Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Tao-tao Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Cheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
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14
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Lee JK, Choi IS, Oh TI, Lee E. Cell-Surface Engineering for Advanced Cell Therapy. Chemistry 2018; 24:15725-15743. [PMID: 29791047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells opened great opportunity to overcome diseases that conventional therapy had only limited success. Use of scaffolds made from biomaterials not only helps handling of stem cells for delivery or transplantation but also supports enhanced cell survival. Likewise, cell encapsulation can provide stability for living animal cells even in a state of separateness. Although various chemical reactions were tried to encapsulate stolid microbial cells such as yeasts, a culture environment for the growth of animal cells allows only highly biocompatible reactions. Therefore, the animal cells were mostly encapsulated in hydrogels, which resulted in enhanced cell survival. Interestingly, major findings of chemistry on biological interfaces demonstrate that cell encapsulation in hydrogels have a further a competence for modulating cell characteristics that can go beyond just enhancing the cell survival. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview on the chemical reactions applied to hydrogel-based cell encapsulation and their effects on the characteristics and behavior of living animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungkyu K Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Insung S Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Tong In Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - EunAh Lee
- Impedance Imaging Research Center (IIRC), Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
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15
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Chirivella L, Kirstein M, Ferrón SR, Domingo-Muelas A, Durupt FC, Acosta-Umanzor C, Cano-Jaimez M, Pérez-Sánchez F, Barbacid M, Ortega S, Burks DJ, Fariñas I. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Regulates Adult Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Response to Insulin. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2403-2416. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chirivella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular; Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia; Burjassot Spain
| | - Martina Kirstein
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular; Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia; Burjassot Spain
| | - Sacri R. Ferrón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular; Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia; Burjassot Spain
| | - Ana Domingo-Muelas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular; Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia; Burjassot Spain
| | - Fabrice C. Durupt
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular; Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia; Burjassot Spain
| | - Carlos Acosta-Umanzor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia Spain
| | - Marifé Cano-Jaimez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular; Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia; Burjassot Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO); Madrid Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO); Madrid Spain
| | - Deborah J. Burks
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular; Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia; Burjassot Spain
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16
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Blesson CS, Chinnathambi V, Kumar S, Yallampalli C. Gestational Protein Restriction Impairs Glucose Disposal in the Gastrocnemius Muscles of Female Rats. Endocrinology 2017; 158:756-767. [PMID: 28324067 PMCID: PMC5460798 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gestational low-protein (LP) diet causes hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in adult offspring, but the mechanism is not clearly understood. In this study, we explored the role of insulin signaling in gastrocnemius muscles of gestational LP-exposed female offspring. Pregnant rats were fed a control (20% protein) or an isocaloric LP (6%) diet from gestational day 4 until delivery. Normal diet was given to mothers after delivery and to pups after weaning until necropsy. Offspring were euthanized at 4 months, and gastrocnemius muscles were treated with insulin ex vivo for 30 minutes. Messenger RNA and protein levels of molecules involved in insulin signaling were assessed at 4 months. LP females were smaller at birth but showed rapid catchup growth by 4 weeks. Glucose tolerance test in LP offspring at 3 months showed elevated serum glucose levels (P < 0.01; glycemia Δ area under the curve 342 ± 28 in LP vs 155 ± 23 in controls, mmol/L * 120 minutes) without any change in insulin levels. In gastrocnemius muscles, LP rats showed reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 upon insulin stimulation due to the overexpression of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, but serine phosphorylation was unaffected. Furthermore, insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α, and GSK-3β was diminished in LP rats, and they displayed an increased basal phosphorylation (inactive form) of glycogen synthase. Our study shows that gestational protein restriction causes peripheral insulin resistance by a series of phosphorylation defects in skeletal muscle in a mechanism involving insulin receptor substrate 1, SHP-2, Akt, GSK-3, and glycogen synthase causing dysfunctional GSK-3 signaling and increased stored glycogen, leading to distorted glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayakumar Chinnathambi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Chandrasekhar Yallampalli
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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17
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Jagtap S, Khare P, Mangal P, Kondepudi KK, Bishnoi M, Bhutani KK. Effect of mahanimbine, an alkaloid from curry leaves, on high-fat diet-induced adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammatory alterations. Biofactors 2017; 43:220-231. [PMID: 27663177 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Spices and condiments, small but an integral part of the daily diet, are known to affect physiological functions. This study evaluated the effects of mahanimbine, a major carbazole alkaloid from Murraya koenigii (curry leaves), against progression of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic complications in mice (male and female). Mahanimbine at 2 mg/kg (HFD + LD) and 4 mg/kg (HFD + HD) of body weight was administered daily along with HFD feeding for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, male HFD + LD and HFD + HD groups showed 51.70 ± 3.59% and 47.37 ± 3.73% weight gain, respectively, as compared with 71.02 ± 6.04% in HFD fed mice whereas female HFD + LD and HFD + HD groups showed 24.31 ± 1.68% and 25.10 ± 2.61% weight gain as compared with HFD group with 36.69 ± 3.60% of weight gain. Mahanimbine prevented HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and fat accumulation in adipose tissue and liver along with the restricted progression of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, mahanimbine treatment improved glucose clearance and upregulated the expression of insulin responsive genes in liver and adipose tissue. Male and female mice showed different traits in development of HFD-induced metabolic disturbances; however, mahanimbine treatment exerted similar effects in both the sexes. In addition, mahanimbine lowered the absorption of dietary fat resulting in dietary fat excretion. In conclusion, daily consumption of mahanimbine and thereby curry leaves may alleviate development of HFD-induced metabolic alterations. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):220-231, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Jagtap
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Priyanka Mangal
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Bhutani
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
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18
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de Melo Campos P, Machado-Neto JA, Eide CA, Savage SL, Scopim-Ribeiro R, da Silva Souza Duarte A, Favaro P, Lorand-Metze I, Costa FF, Tognon CE, Druker BJ, Olalla Saad ST, Traina F. IRS2 silencing increases apoptosis and potentiates the effects of ruxolitinib in JAK2V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6948-59. [PMID: 26755644 PMCID: PMC4872760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recurrent V617F mutation in JAK2 (JAK2V617F) has emerged as the primary contributor to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). However, the lack of complete response in most patients treated with the JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, indicates the need for identifying pathways that cooperate with JAK2. Activated JAK2 was found to be associated with the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) in non-hematological cells. We identified JAK2/IRS2 binding in JAK2V617F HEL cells, but not in the JAK2WT U937 cell line. In HEL cells, IRS2 silencing decreased STAT5 phosphorylation, reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis; these effects were enhanced when IRS2 silencing was combined with ruxolitinib. In U937 cells, IRS2 silencing neither reduced cell viability nor induced apoptosis. IRS1/2 pharmacological inhibition in primary MPN samples reduced cell viability in JAK2V617F-positive but not JAK2WT specimens; combination with ruxolitinib had additive effects. IRS2 expression was significantly higher in CD34+ cells from essential thrombocythemia patients compared to healthy donors, and in JAK2V617F MPN patients when compared to JAK2WT. Our data indicate that IRS2 is a binding partner of JAK2V617F in MPN. IRS2 contributes to increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis in JAK2-mutated cells. Combined pharmacological inhibition of IRS2 and JAK2 may have a potential clinical application in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula de Melo Campos
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João A Machado-Neto
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Samantha L Savage
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Renata Scopim-Ribeiro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Current address: Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Silva Souza Duarte
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene Lorand-Metze
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Costa
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina E Tognon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sara T Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Current address: Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Garwood CJ, Ratcliffe LE, Morgan SV, Simpson JE, Owens H, Vazquez-Villaseñor I, Heath PR, Romero IA, Ince PG, Wharton SB. Insulin and IGF1 signalling pathways in human astrocytes in vitro and in vivo; characterisation, subcellular localisation and modulation of the receptors. Mol Brain 2015; 8:51. [PMID: 26297026 PMCID: PMC4546315 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The insulin/IGF1 signalling (IIS) pathways are involved in longevity regulation and are dysregulated in neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We previously showed downregulation in IIS gene expression in astrocytes with AD-neuropathology progression, but IIS in astrocytes remains poorly understood. We therefore examined the IIS pathway in human astrocytes and developed models to reduce IIS at the level of the insulin or the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Results We determined IIS was present and functional in human astrocytes by immunoblotting and showed astrocytes express the insulin receptor (IR)-B isoform of Ir. Immunocytochemistry and cell fractionation followed by western blotting revealed the phosphorylation status of insulin receptor substrate (IRS1) affects its subcellular localisation. To validate IRS1 expression patterns observed in culture, expression of key pathway components was assessed on post-mortem AD and control tissue using immunohistochemistry. Insulin signalling was impaired in cultured astrocytes by treatment with insulin + fructose and resulted in decreased IR and Akt phosphorylation (pAkt S473). A monoclonal antibody against IGF1R (MAB391) induced degradation of IGF1R receptor with an associated decrease in downstream pAkt S473. Neither treatment affected cell growth or viability as measured by MTT and Cyquant® assays or GFAP immunoreactivity. Discussion IIS is functional in astrocytes. IR-B is expressed in astrocytes which differs from the pattern in neurons, and may be important in differential susceptibility of astrocytes and neurons to insulin resistance. The variable presence of IRS1 in the nucleus, dependent on phosphorylation pattern, suggests the function of signalling molecules is not confined to cytoplasmic cascades. Down-regulation of IR and IGF1R, achieved by insulin + fructose and monoclonal antibody treatments, results in decreased downstream signalling, though the lack of effect on viability suggests that astrocytes can compensate for changes in single pathways. Changes in signalling in astrocytes, as well as in neurons, may be important in ageing and neurodegeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0138-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Garwood
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Laura E Ratcliffe
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Sarah V Morgan
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Helen Owens
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Irina Vazquez-Villaseñor
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- Biomedical Research Network, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Paul G Ince
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK.
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20
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Chen R, Wang Y, Ning R, Hu J, Liu W, Xiong J, Wu L, Liu J, Hu G, Yang J. Decreased carboxylesterases expression and hydrolytic activity in type 2 diabetic mice through Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α/Stra13 pathway. Xenobiotica 2015; 45:782-93. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Hall ET, Verheyen EM. Ras-activated Dsor1 promotes Wnt signaling in Drosophila development. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4499-511. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.175240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/Wingless (Wg) and Ras/MAPK signaling both play fundamental roles in growth, cell-fate determination, and when dysregulated, can lead to tumorigenesis. Several conflicting modes of interaction between Ras/MAPK and Wnt signaling have been identified in specific cellular contexts, causing synergistic or antagonistic effects on target genes. We find novel evidence that the dual specificity kinase MEK, Downstream of Raf1 (Dsor1), is required for Wnt signaling. Knockdown of Dsor1 results in loss of Wg target gene expression, as well as reductions in stabilized Armadillo (Arm; Drosophila β-catenin). We have identified a close physical interaction between Dsor1 and Arm, and find that catalytically inactive Dsor1 causes a reduction inactive Arm. These results suggest that Dsor1 normally counteracts the Axin-mediated destruction of Arm. We find that Ras-Dsor1 activity is independent of upstream activation by EGFR, rather it appears to be activated by the insulin-like growth factor receptor to promote Wg signaling. Together our results suggest novel crosstalk between Insulin and Wg signaling via Dsor1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Hall
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Esther M. Verheyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada
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22
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Rana S, Blowers EC, Natarajan A. Small molecule adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) modulators and human diseases. J Med Chem 2014; 58:2-29. [PMID: 25122135 DOI: 10.1021/jm401994c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master sensor of cellular energy status that plays a key role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. AMPK is a serine/threonine kinase that is activated by upstream kinases LKB1, CaMKKβ, and Tak1, among others. AMPK exists as αβγ trimeric complexes that are allosterically regulated by AMP, ADP, and ATP. Dysregulation of AMPK has been implicated in a number of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Recent studies have associated roles of AMPK with the development of cancer and neurological disorders, making it a potential therapeutic target to treat human diseases. This review focuses on the structure and function of AMPK, its role in human diseases, and its direct substrates and provides a brief synopsis of key AMPK modulators and their relevance in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6805, United States
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23
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Zemva J, Udelhoven M, Moll L, Freude S, Stöhr O, Brönneke HS, Drake RB, Krone W, Schubert M. Neuronal overexpression of insulin receptor substrate 2 leads to increased fat mass, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance during aging. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1881-1897. [PMID: 23160735 PMCID: PMC3776092 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor substrates (IRS) are adapter proteins mediating insulin's and IGF1's intracellular effects. Recent data suggest that IRS2 in the central nervous system (CNS) is involved in regulating fuel metabolism as well as memory formation. The present study aims to specifically define the role of chronically increased IRS2-mediated signal transduction in the CNS. We generated transgenic mice overexpressing IRS2 specifically in neurons (nIRS2 (tg)) and analyzed these in respect to energy metabolism, learning, and memory. Western blot (WB) analysis of nIRS2 (tg) brain lysates revealed increased IRS2 downstream signaling. Histopathological investigation of nIRS2 (tg) mice proved unaltered brain development and structure. Interestingly, nIRS2 (tg) mice showed decreased voluntary locomotoric activity during dark phase accompanied with decreased energy expenditure (EE) leading to increased fat mass. Accordingly, nIRS2 (tg) mice develop insulin resistance and glucose intolerance during aging. Exploratory behavior, motor function as well as food and water intake were unchanged in nIRS2 (tg) mice. Surprisingly, increased IRS2-mediated signals did not change spatial working memory in the T-maze task. Since FoxO1 is a key mediator of IRS2-transmitted signals, we additionally generated mice expressing a dominant negative mutant of FoxO1 (FoxO1DN) specifically in neurons. This mutant mimics the effect of increased IRS2 signaling on FoxO-mediated transcription. Interestingly, the phenotype observed in nIRS2 (tg) mice was not present in FoxO1DN mice. Therefore, increased neuronal IRS2 signaling causes decreased locomotoric activity in the presence of unaltered exploratory behavior and motor coordination that might lead to increased fat mass, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance during aging independent of FoxO1-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Zemva
- />Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- />Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Udelhoven
- />Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- />Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - L. Moll
- />Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- />Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- />Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Research Israel—Canada (IMRIC), School of Medicine of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120 Israel
| | - S. Freude
- />Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- />Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - O. Stöhr
- />Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- />Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - H. S. Brönneke
- />Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R. B. Drake
- />Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- />Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - W. Krone
- />Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- />Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- />Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Schubert
- />Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- />Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- />Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Skandalis SS, Afratis N, Smirlaki G, Nikitovic D, Theocharis AD, Tzanakakis GN, Karamanos NK. Cross-talk between estradiol receptor and EGFR/IGF-IR signaling pathways in estrogen-responsive breast cancers: focus on the role and impact of proteoglycans. Matrix Biol 2013; 35:182-93. [PMID: 24063949 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In hormone-dependent breast cancer, estrogen receptors are the principal signaling molecules that regulate several cell functions either by the genomic pathway acting directly as transcription factors in the nucleus or by the non-genomic pathway interacting with other receptors and their adjacent pathways like EGFR/IGFR. It is well established in literature that EGFR and IGFR signaling pathways promote cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, recent data indicate the cross-talk between ERs and EGFR/IGFR signaling pathways causing a transformation of cell functions as well as deregulation on normal expression pattern of matrix molecules. Specifically, proteoglycans, a major category of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell surface macromolecules, are modified during malignancy and cause alterations in cancer cell signaling, affecting eventually functional cell properties such as proliferation, adhesion and migration. The on-going strategies to block only one of the above signaling effectors result cancer cells to overcome such inactivation using alternative signaling pathways. In this article, we therefore review the underlying mechanisms in respect to the role of ERs and the involvement of cross-talk between ERs, IGFR and EGFR in breast cancer cell properties and expression of extracellular secreted and cell bound proteoglycans involved in cancer progression. Understanding such signaling pathways may help to establish new potential pharmacological targets in terms of using ECM molecules to design novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros S Skandalis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Afratis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Gianna Smirlaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece.
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25
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Chai B, Li JY, Fritze D, Zhang W, Xia Z, Mulholland MW. A novel transcript is up-regulated by fasting in the hypothalamus and enhances insulin signalling. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:292-301. [PMID: 22935015 PMCID: PMC4651207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A transcript of unknown function, regulated by fasting and feeding, was identified by microarray analysis. The transcript is up-regulated in the fasting state. An 1168-bp cDNA was cloned from rat hypothalamus and sequenced. This sequence is consistent with adipogenesis down-regulating transcript 3 (AGD3) (also known as human OCC-1) mRNA. A protein sequence identical to AGD3 was determined by mass spectrometry. In the rat brain, AGD3 mRNA is distributed in the arcuate nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus, amygdaloid nuclei, hippocampus, and somatic cortex. Double in situ hybridisation showed that AGD3 mRNA is co-localised with pro-opiomelanocortin and neuropeptide Y in arcuate nucleus neurones. AGD3 binds with insulin receptor substrate 4 and increases insulin-stimulated phospho-Akt and regulates AMP-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin downstream target S6 kinase phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael W Mulholland
- Corresponding Author: Michael W. Mulholland, M.D., Ph.D., 2101 Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0346, USA, Tel.: +1 734 936 3236; fax: +1 734 763 5625,
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26
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Rosuvastatin may Modulate Insulin Signaling and Inhibit Atherogenesis Beyond its Plasma Cholesterol-Lowering Effect in Insulin-Resistant Mice. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2012; 26:375-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-012-6406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Costa MM, Violato NM, Taboga SR, Góes RM, Bosqueiro JR. Reduction of insulin signalling pathway IRS-1/IRS-2/AKT/mTOR and decrease of epithelial cell proliferation in the prostate of glucocorticoid-treated rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2012; 93:188-95. [PMID: 22583132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies by our research group using a model of insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone (DEX) showed that in the rat ventral prostate there was epithelial and smooth muscle cell atrophy and there were also alterations in fibroblasts. Proteins of the insulin signalling pathway are known to be very important for cell proliferation and development. Thus, we investigated the insulin signalling pathway and epithelial proliferation in the rat ventral prostate in this model and correlated the findings with expression of glucocorticoid (GR) and androgen (AR) receptors. Insulin resistance was induced in adult male Wistar rats by injection of DEX (1 mg/kg, ip for 5 consecutive days), whereas control (CTL) rats received saline. DEX treatment resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, but not in prostate weight. Reductions in insulin receptor 1 (IRS-1) (CTL 1.11 ± 0.06; DEX 0.85 ± 0.03), IRS-2 (CTL 0.95 ± 0.05; DEX 0.49 ± 0.04), AKT (CTL 0.98 ± 0.03; DEX 0.78 ± 0.02), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; CTL 0.65 ± 0.08; DEX 0.22 ± 0.05), GR (CTL 1.30 ± 0.09; DEX 0.57 ± 0.10) and AR (CTL 1.83 ± 0.16; DEX 0.55 ± 0.08) protein levels were observed in the prostate of DEX-treated rats. The expression of the IRα-subunit, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p-AKT, p70(S6K) , extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p-ERK was not altered. The frequency of AR-positive cells in the epithelium of the prostate decreased in the glucocorticoid-treated group, and the intensity of the reaction for this receptor in the cell nuclei was lower in this group. Furthermore, the treatment with DEX reduced the frequency of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive (PCNA) cells 30-fold. This study suggests that the reduction in the insulin signalling pathway proteins IRS-1/IRS-2/AKT/mTOR in the prostate of DEX-treated rats may be associated with the morphological alterations observed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitê M Costa
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University-Unesp, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Shen SC, Chang WC, Chang CL. Fraction from wax apple [Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merrill and Perry] fruit extract ameliorates insulin resistance via modulating insulin signaling and inflammation pathway in tumor necrosis factor α-treated FL83B mouse hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:8562-8577. [PMID: 22942720 PMCID: PMC3430251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13078562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with the development of insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present study, mouse FL83B cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to induce insulin resistance, and then co-incubated with a fraction from wax apple fruit extract (FWFE). This fraction significantly increased the uptake of the nonradioactive fluorescent indicator 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) in insulin resistant cells. Western blot analysis revealed that, compared with the TNF-α-treated control group, FWFE increased the expression of the insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), and increased IR tyrosyl phosporylation, in insulin resistant FL83B cells. However, FWFE decreased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), but not the expression of the intercellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), in the same cells. These results suggest that FWFE might alleviate insulin resistance in TNF-α-treated FL83B cells by activating PI3K-Akt/PKB signaling and inhibiting inflammatory response via suppression of JNK, rather than ERK, activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chuan Shen
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Road, Taipei 10610, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-2-77341437; Fax: +886-2-23639635
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, P.O. Box 23-14, Taipei 10672, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-C.C.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chiao-Li Chang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, P.O. Box 23-14, Taipei 10672, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-C.C.); (C.-L.C.)
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Boller S, Joblin BA, Xu L, Item F, Trüb T, Boschetti N, Spinas GA, Niessen M. From signal transduction to signal interpretation: an alternative model for the molecular function of insulin receptor substrates. Arch Physiol Biochem 2012; 118:148-55. [PMID: 22515179 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2012.671333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) recruits adaptor proteins, so-called insulin receptor substrates (IRS), to connect with downstream signalling pathways. A family of IRS proteins was defined based on three major common structural elements: Amino-terminal PH and PTB domains that mediate protein-lipid or protein-protein interactions, mostly carboxy-terminal multiple tyrosine residues that serve as binding sites for proteins that contain one or more SH2 domains and serine/threonine-rich regions which may be recognized by negative regulators of insulin action. The current model for the role of IRS proteins therefore combines an adaptor function with the integration of mostly negative input from other signal transduction cascades allowing for modulation of signalling amplitude. In this review we propose an extended version of the adaptor model that can explain how signalling specificity could be implemented at the level of IRS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Boller
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Insulin receptor substrate 1 expression enhances the sensitivity of 32D cells to chemotherapy-induced cell death. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1745-58. [PMID: 22652453 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The adapters IRS1 and IRS2 link growth factor receptors to downstream signaling pathways that regulate proliferation and survival. Both suppress factor-withdrawal-induced apoptosis and have been implicated in cancer progression. However, recent studies suggest IRS1 and IRS2 mediate differential functions in cancer pathogenesis. IRS1 promoted breast cancer proliferation, while IRS2 promoted metastasis. The role of IRS1 and IRS2 in controlling cell responses to chemotherapy is unknown. To determine the role of IRS1 and IRS2 in the sensitivity of cells to chemotherapy, we treated 32D cells lacking or expressing IRS proteins with various concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents. We found that expression of IRS1, in contrast to IRS2, enhanced the sensitivity of 32D cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. When IRS2 was expressed with IRS1, the cells no longer showed enhanced sensitivity. Expression of IRS1 did not alter the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins; however, 32D-IRS1 cells expressed higher levels of Annexin A2. In 32D-IRS1 cells, IRS1 and Annexin A2 were both located in cytoplasmic and membrane fractions. We also found that IRS1 coprecipitated with Annexin A2, while IRS2 did not. Decreasing Annexin A2 levels reduced 32D-IRS1 cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. These results suggest IRS1 enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy in part through Annexin A2.
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The Role of Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1/FoxO-Mediated Transcription for the Pathogenesis of Obesity-Associated Dementia. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2012; 2012:384094. [PMID: 22654904 PMCID: PMC3359655 DOI: 10.1155/2012/384094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that being obese in midlife is a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia in later life. Hyperinsulinemia is one of the most frequent endocrine features in overweight people which results in insulin desensitization. Thus, chronically high insulin levels have been identified as risk factor for dementia. Accordingly, chronically high insulin levels might be harmful for brain function. Furthermore, insulin and IGF-1-induced signaling is reduced in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). Interestingly, studies in rodents suggest that reduced insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling decrease AD pathology, that is, β-amyloid toxicity. Data obtained in C. elegans indicate that the beneficial effect mediated via reduced IR/IGF-1R signaling might partially be induced via the forkhead-box O transcription factors (FoxO). In the mammalian brain, there are FoxO1, FoxO3a, and FoxO6 expressed. Surprisingly, high-fat diet specifically reduces the expression of FoxO3a and FoxO6 suggesting that IR/IGF-1 → FoxO-mediated transcription is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cognitive impairment. Therefore, the function of FoxO1 and FoxO3a has been investigated in animal models of Alzheimer's disease in detail. The current paper focuses on the role of IR/IGF-1 signaling and IR/IGF-1 → FoxO-mediated transcription for the pathogenesis of obesity-associated dementia.
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Tang HY, Smith-Caldas MSB, Driscoll MV, Salhadar S, Shingleton AW. FOXO regulates organ-specific phenotypic plasticity in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002373. [PMID: 22102829 PMCID: PMC3213149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, the ability for a single genotype to generate different phenotypes in response to environmental conditions, is biologically ubiquitous, and yet almost nothing is known of the developmental mechanisms that regulate the extent of a plastic response. In particular, it is unclear why some traits or individuals are highly sensitive to an environmental variable while other traits or individuals are less so. Here we elucidate the developmental mechanisms that regulate the expression of a particularly important form of phenotypic plasticity: the effect of developmental nutrition on organ size. In all animals, developmental nutrition is signaled to growing organs via the insulin-signaling pathway. Drosophila organs differ in their size response to developmental nutrition and this reflects differences in organ-specific insulin-sensitivity. We show that this variation in insulin-sensitivity is regulated at the level of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO, a negative growth regulator that is activated when nutrition and insulin signaling are low. Individual organs appear to attenuate growth suppression in response to low nutrition through an organ-specific reduction in FOXO expression, thereby reducing their nutritional plasticity. We show that FOXO expression is necessary to maintain organ-specific differences in nutritional-plasticity and insulin-sensitivity, while organ-autonomous changes in FOXO expression are sufficient to autonomously alter an organ's nutritional-plasticity and insulin-sensitivity. These data identify a gene (FOXO) that modulates a plastic response through variation in its expression. FOXO is recognized as a key player in the response of size, immunity, and longevity to changes in developmental nutrition, stress, and oxygen levels. FOXO may therefore act as a more general regulator of plasticity. These data indicate that the extent of phenotypic plasticity may be modified by changes in the expression of genes involved in signaling environmental information to developmental processes. The ability of an organism to respond to its environment is a defining quality of life. However, why are some characteristics or individuals sensitive to environmental change while others are not? We identified the mechanism that controls the response of growing organs to a particularly important environmental factor—developmental nutrition. In all animals, a decrease in developmental nutrition reduces final body and organ size. However, the size of some organs is less responsive to changes in nutrition than others. In a male fruit fly, it is the size of the genitals that is resistant to dietary restriction. This is achieved by the male fruit fly reducing expression of a key gene in their genitalia. This gene, FOXO, forms part of the insulin signaling system, which signals food levels to tissues in all animals. By lowering the production of FOXO, the genitalia are able to “ignore” hormonal signals that tell the rest of the body to grow slowly due to limited food. The ability of tissues to become insensitive to nutritional information is a characteristic of many tumors and also underlies type 2 diabetes. Our data may therefore provide insight into the origin and treatment of both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan Tang
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Michael V. Driscoll
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Samy Salhadar
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alexander W. Shingleton
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing protein 4 (Asb-4) colocalizes with insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) in the hypothalamic neurons and mediates IRS4 degradation. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:95. [PMID: 21955513 PMCID: PMC3192677 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates food intake. Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing protein 4 (Asb-4) is expressed in neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus, target neurons in the regulation of food intake and metabolism by insulin and leptin. However, the target protein(s) of Asb-4 in these neurons remains unknown. Insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) is an adaptor molecule involved in the signal transduction by both insulin and leptin. In the present study we examined the colocalization and interaction of Asb-4 with IRS4 and the involvement of Asb-4 in insulin signaling. Results In situ hybridization showed that the expression pattern of Asb-4 was consistent with that of IRS4 in the rat brain. Double in situ hybridization showed that IRS4 colocalized with Asb-4, and both Asb-4 and IRS4 mRNA were expressed in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. In HEK293 cells co-transfected with Myc-tagged Asb-4 and Flag-tagged IRS4, Asb-4 co-immunoprecipitated with IRS4; In these cells endogenous IRS4 also co-immunoprecipitated with transfected Myc-Asb-4; Furthermore, Asb-4 co-immunoprecipitated with IRS4 in rat hypothalamic extracts. In HEK293 cells over expression of Asb-4 decreased IRS4 protein levels and deletion of the SOCS box abolished this effect. Asb-4 increased the ubiquitination of IRS4; Deletion of SOCS box abolished this effect. Expression of Asb-4 decreased both basal and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT at Thr308. Conclusions These data demonstrated that Asb-4 co-localizes and interacts with IRS4 in hypothalamic neurons. The interaction of Asb-4 with IRS4 in cell lines mediates the degradation of IRS4 and decreases insulin signaling.
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Adams JR, Schachter NF, Liu JC, Zacksenhaus E, Egan SE. Elevated PI3K signaling drives multiple breast cancer subtypes. Oncotarget 2011; 2:435-47. [PMID: 21646685 PMCID: PMC3248195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Most human breast tumors have mutations that elevate signaling through a key metabolic pathway that is induced by insulin and a number of growth factors. This pathway serves to activate an enzyme known as phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase (PI3K) as well as to regulate proteins that signal in response to lipid products of PI3K. The specific mutations that activate this pathway in breast cancer can occur in genes coding for tyrosine kinase receptors, adaptor proteins linked to PI3K, catalytic and regulatory subunits of PI3K, serine/threonine kinases that function downstream of PI3K, and also phosphatidylinositol 3' phosphatase tumor suppressors that function to antagonize this pathway. While each genetic change results in net elevation of PI3K pathway signaling, and all major breast cancer subtypes show pathway activation, the specific mutation(s) involved in any one tumor may play an important role in defining tumor subtype, prognosis and even sensitivity to therapy. Here, we describe mouse models of breast cancer with elevated PI3K signaling, and how they may be used to guide development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Adams
- 1 Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College St., East Tower
- 2 The Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan F. Schachter
- 1 Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College St., East Tower
- 2 The Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff C. Liu
- 3 Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute–University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- 3 Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute–University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 4 The Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean E. Egan
- 1 Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College St., East Tower
- 2 The Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Insulin receptor substrate-1 and -2 mediate resistance to glucose-induced caspase-3 activation in human neuroblastoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:573-80. [PMID: 21354306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes causes multiple neuronal complications, e.g., diabetic polyneuropathy, cognitive decline, and embryonic neural crest defects due to increased apoptosis. Possible mechanisms of neuronal response to increased glucose burden are still a matter of debate. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor signaling inhibits glucose-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptotic cell death. The insulin receptor substrates (IRS) are intracellular adapter proteins mediating insulin's and IGF-1's intracellular effects. Even though all IRS proteins have similar function and structure, recent data suggest different actions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in mediating their anti-apoptotic effects in glucose neurotoxicity. We therefore investigated the role of IRS-1/-2 in glucose-induced caspase-3 activation using human neuroblastoma cells. Overexpression of IRS-1 or IRS-2 caused complete resistance to glucose-induced caspase-3 cleavage. Inhibition of PI3-kinase reversed this protective effect of IRS-1 or IRS-2. However, MAP-kinases inhibition had only minor impact. IRS overexpression increased MnSOD abundance as well as BAD phosphorylation while Bim and BAX levels remained unchanged. Since Akt promotes cell survival at least partially via phosphorylation and inhibition of downstream forkhead box-O (FoxO) transcription factors, we generated neuroblastoma cells stably overexpressing a dominant negative mutant of FoxO1 mimicking activation of the insulin/IGF-1 pathway on FoxO-mediated transcription. Using these cells we showed that FoxO1 is not involved in neuronal protection mediated by increased IRS-1/-2 expression. Thus, overexpression of both IRS-1 and IRS-2 induces complete resistance to glucose-induced caspase-3 activation via PI3-kinase mediated BAD phosphorylation and MnSOD expression independent of FoxO1.
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Rosenzweig SA, Atreya HS. Defining the pathway to insulin-like growth factor system targeting in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1115-24. [PMID: 20599789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs; IGF-1 and IGF-2) play central roles in cell growth, differentiation, survival, transformation and metastasis. The biologic effects of the IGFs are mediated by the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase with homology to the insulin receptor (IR). Dysregulation of the IGF system is well recognized as a key contributor to the progression of multiple cancers, with IGF-1R activation increasing the tumorigenic potential of breast, prostate, lung, colon and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite this relationship, targeting the IGF-1R has only recently undergone development as a molecular cancer therapeutic. As it has taken hold, we are witnessing a robust increase and interest in targeting the inhibition of IGF-1R signaling. This is accentuated by the list of over 30 drugs, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that are under evaluation as single agents or in combination therapies. The IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) represent the third component of the IGF system consisting of a class of six soluble secretory proteins. They represent a unique class of naturally occurring IGF-antagonists that bind to and sequester IGF-1 and IGF-2, inhibiting their access to the IGF-1R. Due to their dual targeting of the IGFs without affecting insulin action, the IGFBPs are an untapped "third" class of IGF-1R inhibitors. In this commentary, we highlight some of the significant aspects of and prospects for targeting the IGF-1R and describe what the future may hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Rosenzweig
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, PO Box 250505, Charleston, SC 29425-5050, USA.
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Gómez-Ruiz A, Milagro FI, Campión J, Martínez JA, de Miguel C. Caveolin expression and activation in retroperitoneal and subcutaneous adipocytes: Influence of a high-fat diet. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:206-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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The role of inflammation and macrophage accumulation in the development of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus and the possible therapeutic effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA. Proc Nutr Soc 2010; 69:232-43. [PMID: 20158940 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665110000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The WHO estimate that >1 x 10(6) deaths in Europe annually can be attributed to diseases related to excess body weight, and with the rising global obesity levels this death rate is set to drastically increase. Obesity plays a central role in the metabolic syndrome, a state of insulin resistance that predisposes patients to the development of CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation characterised by inflamed adipose tissue with increased macrophage infiltration. This inflammation is now widely believed to be the key link between obesity and development of insulin resistance. In recent years it has been established that activation of pro-inflammatory pathways can cross talk with insulin signalling pathways via a number of mechanisms including (a) down-regulation of insulin signalling pathway proteins (e.g. GLUT4 and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1), (b) serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 blocking its tyrosine phosphorylation in response to insulin and (c) induction of cytokine signalling molecules that sterically hinder insulin signalling by blocking coupling of the insulin receptor to IRS-1. Long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA regulate gene expression (a) through transcription factors such as PPAR and NF-kappaB and (b) via eicosanoid production, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production from many different cells including the macrophage. LC n-3 PUFA may therefore offer a useful anti-inflammatory strategy to decrease obesity-induced insulin resistance, which will be examined in the present review.
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The Irs1 branch of the insulin signaling cascade plays a dominant role in hepatic nutrient homeostasis. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:5070-83. [PMID: 19596788 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00138-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a Cre-loxP approach to generate mice with varied expression of hepatic Irs1 and Irs2 to establish the contribution of each protein to hepatic nutrient homeostasis. While nutrient-sensitive transcripts were expressed nearly normally in liver lacking Irs2 (LKO2 mice), these transcripts were significantly dysregulated in liver lacking Irs1 (LKO1 mice) or Irs1 and Irs2 together (DKO mice). Similarly, a set of key gluconeogenic and lipogenic genes was regulated nearly normally by feeding in liver retaining a single Irs1 allele without Irs2 (DKO/1 mice) but was poorly regulated in liver retaining one Irs2 allele without Irs1 (DKO/2 mice). DKO/2 mice, but not DKO/1 mice, also showed impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity-though both Irs1 and Irs2 were required to suppress hepatic glucose production during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. In contrast, either hepatic Irs1 or Irs2 mediated suppression of HGP by intracerebroventricular insulin infusion. After 12 weeks on a high-fat diet, postprandial tyrosine phosphorylation of Irs1 increased in livers of control and LKO2 mice, whereas tyrosine phosphorylation of Irs2 decreased in control and LKO1 mice. Moreover, LKO1 mice -- but not LKO2 mice -- that were fed a high-fat diet developed postprandial hyperglycemia. We conclude that Irs1 is the principal mediator of hepatic insulin action that maintains glucose homeostasis.
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Salazar L, Kashiwada T, Krejci P, Muchowski P, Donoghue D, Wilcox WR, Thompson LM. A novel interaction between fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 and the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase: activation-dependent regulation of ERK by p85 in multiple myeloma cells. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:1951-61. [PMID: 19286672 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is associated with several cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). FGFR3 inhibition in these cells inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis, validating FGFR3 signaling as a therapeutic target in t(4;14) MM cases. We have identified the PI3K regulatory subunit, p85alpha, as a novel interactor of FGFR3 by yeast two-hybrid, and confirmed an interaction with both p85alpha and p85beta in mammalian cells. The interaction of FGFR3 with p85 is dependent upon receptor activation. In contrast to the Gab1-mediated association of FGFRs with p85, the FGFR3-p85 interaction we observed requires FGFR3 Y760, previously identified as a PLCgamma binding site. The interaction of p85 with FGFR3 does not require PLCgamma, suggesting the p85 interaction is direct and independent of PLCgamma binding. FGFR3 and p85 proteins also interact in MM cell lines which consistently express p85alpha and p85beta, but not p50 or p55 subunits. siRNA knockdown of p85beta in MM cells caused an increased ERK response to FGF2. These data suggest that an endogenous negative regulatory role for the p85-FGFR3 interaction on the Ras/ERK/MAPK pathway may exist in response to FGFR3 activity and identifies a novel therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Salazar
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4260, USA
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Hanke S, Mann M. The phosphotyrosine interactome of the insulin receptor family and its substrates IRS-1 and IRS-2. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 8:519-34. [PMID: 19001411 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800407-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin signaling pathway is critical in regulating glucose levels and is associated with diabetes, obesity, and longevity. A tyrosine phosphorylation cascade creates docking sites for protein interactions, initiating subsequent propagation of the signal throughout the cell. The phosphotyrosine interactome of this medically important pathway has not yet been studied comprehensively. We therefore applied quantitative interaction proteomics to exhaustively profile all potential phosphotyrosine-dependent interaction sites in its key players. We targeted and compared insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2) as central distributors of the insulin signal, the insulin receptor, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and the insulin receptor-related receptor. Using the stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) approach with phosphorylated versus non-phosphorylated bait peptides, we found phosphorylation-specific interaction partners for 52 out of 109 investigated sites. In addition, doubly and triply phosphorylated motifs provided insight into the combinatorial effects of phosphorylation events in close proximity to each other. Our results retrieve known interactions and substantially broaden the spectrum of potential interaction partners of IRS-1 and IRS-2. A large number of common interactors rationalize their extensive functional redundancy. However, several proteins involved in signaling and metabolism interact differentially with IRS-1 and IRS-2 and thus provide leads into their different physiological roles. Differences in interactions at the receptor level are reflected in multisite recruitment of SHP2 by the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and limited but exclusive interactions with the IRR. In common with other recent reports, our data furthermore hint at non-SH2 or phosphotyrosine-binding domain-mediated phosphotyrosine binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hanke
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
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Freude S, Leeser U, Müller M, Hettich MM, Udelhoven M, Schilbach K, Tobe K, Kadowaki T, Köhler C, Schröder H, Krone W, Brüning JC, Schubert M. IRS-2 branch of IGF-1 receptor signaling is essential for appropriate timing of myelination. J Neurochem 2008; 107:907-17. [PMID: 18717815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 increases proliferation, inhibits apoptosis and promotes differentiation of oligodendrocytes and their precursor cells, indicating an important function for IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in myelin development. The insulin receptor substrates (IRS), IRS-1 and -2 serve as intracellular IGF-1R adaptor proteins and are expressed in neurons, oligodendrocytes and their precursors. To address the role of IRS-2 in myelination, we analyzed myelination in IRS-2 deficient (IRS-2(-/-)) mice and age-matched controls during postnatal development. Interestingly, expression of the most abundant myelin proteins, myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein was reduced in IRS-2(-/-) brains at postnatal day 10 (P10) as compared to controls. myelin basic protein immunostaining in P10-IRS-2(-/-) mice revealed a reduced immunostaining, but an unchanged regional distribution pattern. In cerebral myelin isolates at P10 unaltered relative expression of different myelin proteins was found, indicating quantitatively reduced but not qualitatively altered myelination. Interestingly, up-regulation of IRS-1 expression and increased IGF-1R signaling were observed in IRS-2(-/-) mice at P10-14, indicating a compensatory mechanism to overcome IRS-2 deficiency. Adult IRS-2(-/-) mice showed unaltered myelination and motor function. Furthermore, in neuronal/brain-specific insulin receptor knockout mice myelination was unchanged. Thus, our experiments reveal that IGF-1R/IRS-2 mediated signals are critical for appropriate timing of myelination in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Freude
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 prevents liver injury through the inhibition of TNF-alpha and iNOS induction in D-galactosamine and LPS-treated rats. Shock 2008; 29:740-7. [PMID: 18004231 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31815d0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 has protective effects in liver failure. However, the effect of IGF-1 on inflammatory mediators such as proinflammatory cytokines and NO remains to be clarified. We hypothesized that IGF-1 inhibited the induction of these cytokines and iNOS, resulting in beneficial effect in the liver. Rats were treated with D-galactosamine (400 mg kg(-1)) and LPS (16 microg kg(-1)) (GalN/LPS) to induce acute liver failure. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (3.2 mg kg(-1)) was administered subcutaneously before GalN/LPS injection. Insulin-like growth factor 1 increased the survival rate in GalN/LPS-treated rats and prevented the increases of transaminases and total bilirubin in serum. Histopathological analysis revealed that IGF-1 decreased the incidence of hepatic apoptosis and neutrophil infiltration. Insulin-like growth factor 1 inhibited increases in TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 caused by GalN/LPS in serum and liver and enhanced serum IL-10. Insulin-like growth factor 1 reduced the induction of iNOS mRNA and its protein in GalN/LPS-treated liver and resulted in a decrease in NO production. However, IGF-1 had no effect on the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. Analysis of iNOS antisense-transcript revealed that IGF-1 accelerated the degradation of iNOS mRNA, rather than the inhibition of its synthesis. Insulin-like growth factor 1 may inhibit the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS through an nuclear factor-kappa B-independent pathway and have a novel therapeutic potential in the prevention of liver injury.
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Oliveira JC, Souza KK, Dias MM, Faria MC, Ropelle ER, Flores MBS, Ueno M, Velloso LA, Saad ST, Saad MJA, Carvalheira JBC. Antineoplastic effect of rapamycin is potentiated by inhibition of IRS-1 signaling in prostate cancer cells xenografts. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134:833-9. [PMID: 18264722 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proper activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway is critical for the prevention of tumorigenesis. Recent data have characterized a negative feedback loop, wherein mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) blocks additional activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway through inhibition insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) function. However, the potential of IRS-1 inhibition during rapamycin treatment has not been examined. Herein, we show that IRS-1 antisense oligonucleotide and rapamycin synergistically antagonize the activation of mTOR in vivo and induced tumor suppression, through inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis, in prostate cancer cell xenografts. These data demonstrate that the addition of agents that blocks IRS-1 potentiate the effect of mTOR inhibition in the growth of prostate cancer cell xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josenilson C Oliveira
- Departament of Internal Medicine, FCM-UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
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Ekladous D, Mehdi MZ, Costa M, Srivastava AK, Chiasson JL, Coderre L. TISSUE- AND FIBRE-SPECIFIC MODIFICATIONS OF INSULIN-SIGNALLING MOLECULES IN CARDIAC AND SKELETAL MUSCLE OF DIABETIC RATS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:971-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kustermans G, Piette J, Legrand-Poels S. Actin-targeting natural compounds as tools to study the role of actin cytoskeleton in signal transduction. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:1310-22. [PMID: 18602087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton controls a vast range of cellular processes such as motility, cytokinesis, differentiation, vesicle transport, phagocytosis, muscle contraction. A growing literature clearly demonstrated that actin cytoskeleton can play a regulating role in several signalling pathways. Cells tightly regulate actin dynamics through numerous specific proteins in order to rapidly and locally respond to various stimuli. An obvious approach to determine the involvement of actin cytoskeleton in signalling pathways is the use of actin-targeting natural compounds. These drugs modulate actin dynamics, accelerating either polymerization or depolymerization, through various mechanisms. This review focus on the use of these actin-targeting drugs as tools to demonstrate the role of actin cytoskeleton in several signal transduction pathways such as those initiated from antigen receptor in T and B cells or those involving mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) or transcription factors NF-kappaB and SRF (serum response factor). In this last case (SRF), the use of various actin-targeting drugs participated in the elucidation of the molecular mechanism by which actin regulates SRF-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Kustermans
- Virology and Immunology Unit, GIGA-R, GIGA B34, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hopital 1, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Joy AP, Cowley EA. 8-iso-PGE2Stimulates Anion Efflux from Airway Epithelial Cells via the EP4Prostanoid Receptor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 38:143-52. [PMID: 17690331 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0295oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprostanes are biologically active molecules, produced when reactive oxygen species mediate the peroxidation of membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids. Previous work has demonstrated that the isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) stimulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated transepithelial anion secretion across the human airway epithelial cell line, Calu-3. Since isoprostanes predominantly achieve their effects via binding to prostanoid receptors, we hypothesized that this 8-iso-PGE(2) stimulation of CFTR activity was the result of the isoprostane binding to a prostanoid receptor. Using RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence, we here demonstrate that Calu-3 cells express the EP(1-4) and FP receptors, and localize these proteins in polarized cell monolayers. Using iodide efflux as a marker for CFTR-mediated Cl(-) efflux, we investigate whether prostanoid receptor agonists elicit a functional response from Calu-3 cells. Application of the agonists PGE(2), misoprostol (EP(2), EP(3), and EP(4)) and PGE(1)-OH (EP(3) and EP(4)) stimulate iodide efflux; however, iloprost, butaprost, sulprostone, and fluoprostenol (agonists of the EP(1), EP(2), EP(3), and FP receptors, respectively) have no effect. The iodide efflux seen with 8-iso-PGE(2) is abolished by the EP(4) receptor antagonist AH23848, the CFTR inhibitor 172, and inhibition of PKA and the PI3K pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrate that although Calu-3 cells possess numerous prostanoid receptors, only the EP(4) subtype appears capable of eliciting a functional iodide efflux response, which is mediated via the EP(4) receptor. We propose that 8-iso-PGE(2), acting via EP(4) receptor, could play an important role in the CFTR-mediated response to oxidant stress, and which would be compromised in the CF airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Joy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4H7 Canada
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White MF. Regulating insulin signaling and beta-cell function through IRS proteins. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 84:725-37. [PMID: 16998536 DOI: 10.1139/y06-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex disorder that arises from various causes, including dysregulated glucose sensing and impaired insulin secretion (maturity onset diabetes of youth, MODY), autoimmune-mediated beta-cell destruction (type 1), or insufficient compensation for peripheral insulin resistance (type 2). Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form that usually occurs at middle age; it afflicts more than 30 million people over the age of 65, but is appearing with greater frequency in children and adolescents. Dysregulated insulin signaling exacerbated by chronic hyperglycemia promotes a cohort of systemic disorders--including dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and female infertility. Understanding the molecular basis of insulin resistance can prevent these disorders and their inevitable progression to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris F White
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Karp Family Research Laboratories, Room 4210, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Yu Y, Hao Y, Feig LA. The R-Ras GTPase mediates cross talk between estrogen and insulin signaling in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:6372-80. [PMID: 16914723 PMCID: PMC1592836 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00509-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling cascades activated by insulin and IGF-1 contribute to the control of multiple cellular functions, including glucose metabolism and cell proliferation. In most cases these effects are mediated, at least in part, by insulin receptor substrates (IRS), one of which is insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). R-Ras is a member of the Ras family of GTPases and is involved in a variety of biological processes, including integrin activation, cell migration, and control of cell proliferation. Here we demonstrate that both R-Ras and BCAR3, a regulator of R-Ras activity that has been implicated in breast cancer, regulate the level of IRS-1 protein in estrogen-dependent MCF-7 and ZR75 breast cancer cells. In particular, expression of a constitutively activated R-Ras mutant, R-Ras38V, or of BCAR3 accelerates the degradation of IRS-1, leading to the impairment of signaling through insulin but not epidermal growth factor receptors. Moreover, knockdown of endogenous R-Ras levels in MCF-7 cells inhibits IRS-1 degradation induced by estrogen signaling blockade but not by long-term insulin treatment. Consistent with these results, both R-Ras38V expression and estrogen signaling blockade lead to the degradation of IRS-1, at least in part, through calpain activity. These findings show that R-Ras activity mediates inhibition of insulin signaling associated with suppression of estrogen action, implicating this GTPase in a growth-inhibitory mechanism associated with antiestrogen treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Jaharis 613, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Vinciguerra M, Foti M. PTEN and SHIP2 phosphoinositide phosphatases as negative regulators of insulin signalling. Arch Physiol Biochem 2006; 112:89-104. [PMID: 16931451 DOI: 10.1080/13813450600711359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues is the primary cause responsible for onset of type II diabetes mellitus. Recently, the genetic and biochemical dissection of intracellular signalling pathways transducing the metabolic and mitogenic effects of insulin has contributed to the understanding of the molecular causes of this insulin resistance. In particular, important efforts have been developed to comprehend the role of negative regulators of insulin signalling, since they might represent future therapeutical targets to reduce insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Herein, we will briefly review major intracellular signalling pathways activated by insulin and how they are negatively regulated by distinct mechanisms. In particular, the role of PTEN and SHIP2, two phosphoinositide phosphatases recently implicated as negative modulators of insulin signalling, is in focus. Current knowledge on the role of PTEN and SHIP2 in insulin resistance, type II diabetes and related disorders will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Vinciguerra
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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