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Białek W, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Czechowicz P, Sławski J, Collawn JF, Czogalla A, Bartoszewski R. The lipid side of unfolded protein response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159515. [PMID: 38844203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Although our current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between the ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and lipid homeostasis remains limited, there is increasing evidence that dysregulation of either protein or lipid homeostasis profoundly affects the other. Most research regarding UPR signaling in human diseases has focused on the causes and consequences of disrupted protein folding. The UPR itself consists of very complex pathways that function to not only maintain protein homeostasis, but just as importantly, modulate lipid biogenesis to allow the ER to adjust and promote cell survival. Lipid dysregulation is known to activate many aspects of the UPR, but the complexity of this crosstalk remains a major research barrier. ER lipid disequilibrium and lipotoxicity are known to be important contributors to numerous human pathologies, including insulin resistance, liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Despite their medical significance and continuous research, however, the molecular mechanisms that modulate lipid synthesis during ER stress conditions, and their impact on cell fate decisions, remain poorly understood. Here we summarize the current view on crosstalk and connections between altered lipid metabolism, ER stress, and the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Białek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Czechowicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Jalal IA, Elkhoely A, Mohamed SK, Ahmed AAE. Linagliptin and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside attenuate hyperlipidemia and cardiac hypertrophy induced by a high-methionine diet in rats via suppression of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275730. [PMID: 38026992 PMCID: PMC10665493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is one of the contributing causes of morbidity and mortality. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is one of the diseases which may predispose hyperlipidemia and CH. Linagliptin (Lina) and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) are known to alleviate a variety of illnesses by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Aim: This study aimed to study the effect of HHcy on cardiac tissues, with a special focus on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as a mainstay pathophysiological pathway. In addition, our study examined the protective effect of Lina, SDG, and their combination against HHcy-induced hyperlipidemia and CH in rats. Methods: Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, and for 60 days, the following regimen was administered: Group I: rats received distilled water; Group II: rats received methionine (MET) (2 g/kg/day, p.o.); groups III and IV: rats received Lina (3 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and SDG (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.), respectively, followed by MET (2 g/kg/day, p.o.); Group V: rats received Lina and SDG, followed by MET (2 g/kg/day, p.o.). Results: Pretreatment with Lina, SDG, and their combination showed a significant decrease in serum levels of HHcy and an improved lipid profile compared to the MET group. Moreover, both drugs improved cardiac injury, as evidenced by the substantial improvement in ECG parameters, morphological features of the cardiac muscle, and reduced serum levels of cardiac markers. Additionally, Lina and SDG significantly attenuated cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, Lina, SDG, and their combination remarkably downregulated the enhanced expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, GRP78, PERK, ATF-4, CHOP, NF-κB, and SREBP1c compared to the MET-group. Conclusion: Lina and SDG showed cardioprotective effects against HHcy-induced heart hypertrophy and hyperlipidemia in rats.
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Ding S, Ling S, Liang L, Qiu W, Zhang H, Chen T, Zhan X, Xu F, Gu X, Han L. Late-onset cblC defect: clinical, biochemical and molecular analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:306. [PMID: 37770946 PMCID: PMC10536707 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND cblC defect is the most common type of methylmalonic acidemia in China. Patients with late-onset form (>1 year) are often misdiagnosed due to heterogeneous symptoms. This study aimed to describe clinical characteristics and evaluate long-term outcomes of Chinese patients with late-onset cblC defect. METHODS A total of 85 patients with late-onset cblC defect were enrolled. Clinical data, including manifestations, metabolites, molecular diagnosis, treatment and outcome, were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS The age of onset ranged from 2 to 32.8 years old (median age 8.6 years, mean age 9.4 years). The time between first symptoms and diagnosis ranged from a few days to 20 years (median time 2 months, mean time 20.7 months). Neuropsychiatric symptoms were presented as first symptoms in 68.2% of cases, which were observed frequently in schoolchildren or adolescents. Renal involvement and cardiovascular disease were observed in 20% and 8.2% of cases, respectively, which occurred with the highest prevalence in preschool children. Besides the initial symptoms, the disease progressed in most patients and cognitive decline became the most frequent symptom overall. The levels of propionylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine / acetylcarnitine ratio, methylmalonic acid, methylcitric acid and homocysteine, were decreased remarkably after treatment (P<0.001). Twenty-four different mutations of MMACHC were identified in 78 patients, two of which were novel. The c.482G>A variant was the most frequent mutated allele in this cohort (25%). Except for 16 patients who recovered completely, the remaining patients were still left with varying degrees of sequelae in a long-term follow-up. The available data from 76 cases were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the results showed that the time from onset to diagnosis (OR = 1.025, P = 0. 024) was independent risk factors for poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of late-onset cblC defect is often delayed due to poor awareness of its various and nonspecific symptoms, thus having an adverse effect on the prognosis. It should be considered in patients with unexplained neuropsychiatric and other conditions such as renal involvement, cardiovascular diseases or even multiple organ damage. The c.482G>A variant shows the highest frequency in these patients. Prompt treatment appears to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ding
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shiying Ling
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lili Liang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenjuan Qiu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xia Zhan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuefan Gu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lianshu Han
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Song S, Song BM, Park HY. Associations of Serum Folate and Homocysteine Concentrations with All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality in Men and Women in Korea: the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:760-770. [PMID: 36792392 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the association of serum folate and homocysteine concentrations with risk of mortality in the general population is unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the associations of serum folate and homocysteine concentrations with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality risk in Korean men and women aged ≥40 y. METHODS In this population-based prospective cohort study, serum folate and homocysteine concentrations were measured in a subset of participants enrolled between 2005 and 2012. A total of 21,260 participants were linked to mortality data from the survey date to 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to identify the associations of serum folate and homocysteine concentrations with mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.3 y, 2501, 549, and 842 deaths were attributed to all-cause, CVD, and cancer, respectively. The prevalence of folate deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia were higher in men than in women. In men, a nonlinear inverse association was observed between serum folate concentrations and all-cause mortality. Men in the third quartile of serum folate concentrations exhibited a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.99) than those in the lowest quartile. Serum homocysteine concentration was positively associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. Men and women in the highest compared with those in the lowest serum homocysteine quartile showed a higher risk of CVD mortality (HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.39; and HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.89, respectively). Hyperhomocysteinemia combined with folate deficiency was associated with increased all-cause, CVD, and cancer-related mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS Higher serum homocysteine and lower serum folate concentrations were associated with an increased risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer-related mortality in Korean adults. The finding of a nonlinear inverse relationship between serum folate concentration and mortality in men warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Song
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Mi Song
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Giachi A, Cugno M, Gualtierotti R. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs improve the cardiovascular profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1012661. [PMID: 36352850 PMCID: PMC9637771 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1012661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting about 0. 5–1% of the adult population and manifesting as persistent synovitis, systemic inflammation and production of autoantibodies. Patients affected by RA not only experience chronic disease progression, but are also burdened by a 1.5-fold increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, which is comparable to the risk experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RA patients also have a higher incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Although RA patients frequently present traditional CV risk factors such as insulin resistance and active smoking, previous studies have clarified the pivotal role of chronic inflammation–driven by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)–in accelerating the process of atherosclerosis and impairing the coagulation system. Over the last years, a number of studies have shown that disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) reducing the inflammatory state in general improve the CV risk, however some drugs may carry some apparent negative effects. Thus, RA is a model of disease in which targeting inflammation may counteract the progression of atherosclerosis and reduce CV risk. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the management of RA patients should be tailored based on the positive and negative effects of DMARDs on CV risk together with the individual traditional CV risk profile. The identification of genetic, biochemical and clinical biomarkers, predictive of evolution and response to treatment, will be the next challenge for a precision approach to reduce the burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giachi
- UOC Medicina Generale Emostasi e Trombosi, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Cugno
- UOC Medicina Generale Emostasi e Trombosi, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimo Cugno
| | - Roberta Gualtierotti
- UOC Medicina Generale Emostasi e Trombosi, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Richter P, Cardoneanu A, Rezus C, Burlui AM, Rezus E. Non-Traditional Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Atherosclerotic Risk Factors Related to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012604. [PMID: 36293458 PMCID: PMC9604037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of high mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The Framingham risk score and other traditional risk factors do not fully reflect the CVD risk in SLE patients. Therefore, in order to stratify these high-risk patients, additional biomarkers for subclinical CVD are needed. The mechanisms of atherogenesis in SLE are still being investigated. During the past decades, many reports recognized that inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this report is to present novel proinflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic risk factors that are closely related to SLE inflammation and which determine an increased risk for the occurrence of early cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Richter
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Cardoneanu
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.R.); Tel.: +40232301615 (A.C. & C.R.)
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “Sfantul Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.R.); Tel.: +40232301615 (A.C. & C.R.)
| | - Alexandra Maria Burlui
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Rezus
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
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Song JH, Huh H, Bae E, Lee J, Lee JP, Lee JS, Kim GS, Yoo KD. Association between homocysteinemia and mortality in CKD: A propensity-score matched analysis using NHANES-National Death Index. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30334. [PMID: 36086712 PMCID: PMC10980502 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we investigated the association between levels of serum homocysteine (Hcy) and mortality, inferred from the presence of CKD. Our study included data of 9895 participants from the 1999 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models using propensity-score, were used to examine dose-response associations between Hcy level and mortality. A total of 9895 participants, 1025 (10.3%) participants were diagnosed with CKD. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis including all participants, Hcy level was significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the nonCKD group, compared to the 1st quartile in the fully adjusted model (2nd quartile: hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.348-2.274, P < .001; 3rd quartile: HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.726-2.855, P < .001; 4th quartile: HR 3.77, 95% CI 2.952-4.830, P < .001). However, this finding was not observed in the CKD group. The observed pattern was similar after propensity score matching. In the nonCKD group, overall mortality increased in proportion to Hcy concentration (2nd quartile: HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.299-3.709, P = .003; 3rd quartile: HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.570-4.332, P < .001; 4th quartile: HR 3.72, 95% CI 2.254-6.139, P < .001). However, the risk of all-cause mortality according to the quartile of Hcy level, did not increase in the CKD group. This study found a correlation between the Hcy level and mortality rate only in the nonCKD group. These altered risk factor patterns may be attributed to protein-energy wasting or chronic inflammation status, that is accompanied by CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Hun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Huh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Gwang Sil Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Don Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
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Kong J, Deng Y. Pirfenidone alleviates vascular intima injury caused by hyperhomocysteinemia. Rev Port Cardiol 2022; 41:813-819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Recent Updates and Advances in Winiwarter-Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans): Biomolecular Mechanisms, Diagnostics and Clinical Consequences. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101736. [PMID: 34679434 PMCID: PMC8535045 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) or Buerger’s disease is a segmental inflammatory, thrombotic occlusive peripheral vascular disease with unknown aetiology that usually involves the medium and small-sized vessels of young male smokers. Due to its unknown aetiology and similarities with atherosclerosis and vasculitis, TAO diagnosis is still challenging. We aimed to review the status of biomolecular and laboratory para-clinical markers in TAO compared to atherosclerosis and vasculitis. We reported that, although some biomarkers might be common in TAO, atherosclerosis, and vasculitis, each disease occurs through a different pathway and, to our knowledge, there is no specific and definitive marker for differentiating TAO from atherosclerosis or vasculitis. Our review highlighted that pro-inflammatory and cell-mediated immunity cytokines, IL-33, HMGB1, neopterin, MMPs, ICAM1, complement components, fibrinogen, oxidative stress, NO levels, eNOS polymorphism, adrenalin and noradrenalin, lead, cadmium, and homocysteine are common markers. Nitric oxide, MPV, TLRs, MDA, ox-LDL, sST2, antioxidant system, autoantibodies, and type of infection are differential markers, whereas platelet and leukocyte count, haemoglobin, lipid profile, CRP, ESR, FBS, creatinine, d-dimer, hypercoagulation activity, as well as protein C and S are controversial markers. Finally, our study proposed diagnostic panels for laboratory differential diagnosis to be considered at first and in more advanced stages.
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Skaggs BJ, Grossman J, Sahakian L, Perry L, FitzGerald J, Charles-Schoeman C, Gorn A, Taylor M, Moriarty J, Ragavendra N, Weisman M, Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, McMahon M. A Panel of Biomarkers Associates With Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. ACR Open Rheumatol 2021; 3:209-220. [PMID: 33605563 PMCID: PMC8063147 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The increase in cardiovascular events (CVEs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not fully explained by traditional risk factors. We previously identified four biomarkers (proinflammatory high‐density lipoprotein, leptin, soluble TNF‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK), and homocysteine) that we combined with age and diabetes to create the predictors of risk for elevated flares, damage progression, and increased cardiovascular diseasein patients with SLE (PREDICTS) risk profile. PREDICTS more accurately identified patients with SLE at risk for progression of subclinical atherosclerosis than any individual variable. We examined whether PREDICTS can also identify patients with SLE at risk for future CVEs. Methods A total of 342 patients with SLE and 155 matched control subjects participated in this longitudinal prospective study. A high PREDICTS score was defined as three or more predictors or diabetes + one or more predictor. The biomarkers were measured at baseline using published methods. All major adverse CVEs (MACEs) were confirmed by medical record review. Results During 116 months of follow‐up, 5% of patients with SLE died, 12% had a cerebrovascular event, and 5% had a cardiac event. Overall, 20% of patients with lupus experienced any new MACE compared with 5% of control subjects (P < 0.0001). More patients with SLE with a new MACE had high PREDICTS score at baseline (77%) versus patients with no new events (34%) (P < 0.0001). High baseline PREDICTS score also associated with cerebrovascular (P < 0.0001) and cardiac events (P < 0.0001) in SLE. Using Cox regression, a baseline high PREDICTS score associated with a 3.7‐fold increased hazard ratio (HR) for a new MACE (P < 0.0001) in SLE. Hypertension (HR = 2.1; P = 0.006) was also a risk. Conclusion A high PREDICTS score and hypertension confer increased risk for new MACEs in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Skaggs
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer Grossman
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lori Sahakian
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lucas Perry
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John FitzGerald
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Alan Gorn
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mihaela Taylor
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John Moriarty
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nagesh Ragavendra
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Daniel J Wallace
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.,Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bevra H Hahn
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Maureen McMahon
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Zhang T, Lu R, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Song S, Yan K, Zha Y, Zhuang W, Cheng Y, Liang J. Hyperhomocysteinemia and dyslipidemia in point mutation G307S of cystathionine β-synthase-deficient rabbit generated using CRISPR/Cas9. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:224. [PMID: 33054837 PMCID: PMC7560309 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital hyper-homocysteinemia (HHcy) is caused by a defective cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) gene, and is frequently associated with dyslipdemia. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the effect of mutated CBS gene on circulating lipids using a rabbit model harboring a homozygous G307S point mutation in CBS. Methods CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to edit the CBS gene in rabbit embryos. The founder rabbits were sequenced, and their plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and lipid profile were analyzed. Results Six CBS-knockout (CBS-KO) founder lines with biallelic modifications were obtained. Mutation in CBS caused significant growth retardation and high mortality rates within 6 weeks after birth. In addition, the 6-week old CBS-KO rabbits showed higher plasma levels of Hcy, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to the age-matched wild-type (WT) controls. Histological analysis of the mutants showed accumulation of micro-vesicular cytoplasmic lipid droplets in the hepatocytes. However, gastric infusion of vitamin B and betaine complex significantly decreased the plasma levels of TG, TC and LDL-C in the CBS-KO rabbits, and alleviated hepatic steatosis compared to the untreated animals. Conclusion A CBSG307S rabbit model was generated that exhibited severe dyslipidemia when fed on a normal diet, indicating that G307S mutation in the CBS gene is a causative factor for dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuguo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaozheng Song
- School of Nursing, Taihu University of Wuxi, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kunning Yan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Zha
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhuang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Ligthart-Melis GC, Engelen MPKJ, Simbo SY, Ten Have GAM, Thaden JJ, Cynober L, Deutz NEP. Metabolic Consequences of Supplemented Methionine in a Clinical Context. J Nutr 2020; 150:2538S-2547S. [PMID: 33000166 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The central position of methionine (Met) in protein metabolism indicates the importance of this essential amino acid for growth and maintenance of lean body mass. Therefore, Met might be a tempting candidate for supplementation. However, because Met is also the precursor of homocysteine (Hcy), a deficient intake of B vitamins or excessive intake of Met may result in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This review discusses the evidence generated in preclinical and clinical studies on the importance and potentially harmful effects of Met supplementation and elaborates on potential clinical applications of supplemental Met with reference to clinical studies performed over the past 20 y. Recently acquired knowledge about the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) of 46.3 mg · kg-1 · d-1 and the LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level) of 91 mg · kg-1 · d-1 of supplemented Met will guide the design of future studies to further establish the role of Met as a potential (safe) candidate for nutritional supplementation in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerdien C Ligthart-Melis
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Mariëlle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sunday Y Simbo
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gabrie A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - John J Thaden
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Luc Cynober
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Paris, France
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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13
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Hao Y, Wang Y, Qi M, He X, Zhu Y, Hong J. Risk Factors for Recurrent Colorectal Polyps. Gut Liver 2020; 14:399-411. [PMID: 31547641 PMCID: PMC7366149 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recurrence of colorectal polyps is caused by various factors and leads to the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer, which ranks third in incidence and fourth in mortality among cancers worldwide. The potential risk factors for colorectal polyp recurrence have been demonstrated in multiple trials. However, an article that pools and summarizes the various results is needed. This review enumerates and analyzes some risk factors in terms of patient characteristics, procedural operations, polyp characteristics, and dietary aspects to propose some effective prophylactic measures. This review aimed to provide a reference for clinical application and guide patients to prevent colorectal polyp recurrence in a more effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Joint Programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Joint Programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China.,Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shangha
| | - Miao Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Joint Programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junbo Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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14
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Abstract
In 44 years of practicing stroke prevention, I have learned many lessons; in this article, I hope to impart some of them. Three areas of my research are discussed. Controlling resistant hypertension is markedly improved by physiologically individualized therapy based on renin/aldosterone phenotyping; this is particularly important in black patients. Measurement of carotid plaque burden strongly predicts cardiovascular risk and is useful for genetic research and for a process called treating arteries instead of risk factors. Doing so in high-risk patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis was associated with a >80% reduction in the 2-year risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. It also permitted the identification of extremes of atherosclerosis that are useful for studying both the genetics and the biology of atherosclerosis. Patients with very high plaque burden despite low levels of risk factors have an unexplained phenotype; those with little or no plaque despite high levels of risk factors are protected. Patients with unexplained atherosclerosis have higher plasma levels of toxic metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiome largely from egg yolk, red meat, and protein, and those metabolites are renally excreted. This has important dietary implications for stroke prevention. Lowering of plasma total homocysteine with B vitamins significantly reduces the risk of stroke. That was not apparent in early studies because harm from cyanocobalamin among participants with renal failure obscured the benefit among those with good renal function. We should be using B vitamins to prevent stroke but should use methylcobalamin or oxocobalamin instead of cyanocobalamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. David Spence
- Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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15
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Jia L, Zeng Y, Hu Y, Liu J, Yin C, Niu Y, Wang C, Li J, Jia Y, Hong J, Zhao R. Homocysteine impairs porcine oocyte quality via deregulation of one-carbon metabolism and hypermethylation of mitochondrial DNA†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:907-916. [PMID: 30395161 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate in the one-carbon metabolism that donates methyl groups for methylation processes involved in epigenetic gene regulation. Although poor oocyte quality in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients is associated with elevated Hcy concentration in serum and follicular fluid, whether Hcy directly affects oocyte quality and its mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that Hcy treatment impaired oocyte quality and developmental competence, indicated by significantly reduced survival rate, polar body extrusion rate, and cleavage rate. Hcy treatment resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, with increased production of mitochondrial ROS, reduced mtDNA copy number, and the expression of 7 out of 13 mtDNA-encoded genes and 2 ribosome RNA genes, 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA. Upon Hcy treatment, the expression of one-carbon metabolic enzymes and DNMT1 was enhanced. Interestingly, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5'AZA rescued Hcy-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired oocyte quality and developmental competence. Concurrently, expression of one-carbon metabolic enzymes and methylation status of mtDNA coding sequences were also normalized, at least partially, by 5'AZA treatment. Our findings not only extend the understanding about how Hcy induces poor oocyte quality, but also contribute to a novel angle of identifying targets for enhancing the quality of oocyte from PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Jia
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yaqiong Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yun Hu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Jia
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Hong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P. R., China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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16
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Exposure to Toxic Heavy Metals Can Influence Homocysteine Metabolism? Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010030. [PMID: 31905706 PMCID: PMC7022705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homocysteine is a sulfur amino acid whose metabolism is activated in two pathways: remethylation to methionine, which requires folate and vitamin B12, and transsulfuration to cystathionine, which needs pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. High homocysteine level increases the risk of developing heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular diseases, and cognitive impairment. Some evidence showed that exposure to these metals increased plasma homocysteine levels. METHODS A systematic review was carried out to clarify the relationship between homocysteine blood levels and exposure to toxic heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, and Chromium). RESULTS The results of this systematic review indicate that exposure to Pb, Cr, Cd, and Hg is connected with nonphysiological homocysteine levels or vitamin B12 and folate serum concentrations. CONCLUSIONS These findings reinforce the importance of involvement in exposure to heavy metals in homocysteine metabolism. This supports the role of blood metals as potential upstream modifiable risk factors to prevent the development of other established risk factors as hyperhomocysteinemia.
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17
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Wyse ATS, Sanches EF, Dos Santos TM, Siebert C, Kolling J, Netto CA. Chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia induces anxiety-like symptoms, aversive memory deficits and hippocampus atrophy in adult rats: New insights into physiopathological mechanisms. Brain Res 2019; 1728:146592. [PMID: 31816318 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, increased homocysteine levels have been implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. We have developed an experimental model of chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in order to observe metabolic impairments in the brain of adult rodents. Besides its known effects on brain metabolism, the present study sought to investigate whether chronic mild HHcy could induce learning/memory impairments associated with biochemical and histological damage to the hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats received daily subcutaneous injections of homocysteine (0.03 μmol/g of body weight) twice a day, from the 30th to the 60th day of life or saline solution (Controls). After injections, anxiety-like and memory tests were performed. Following behavioral analyses, brains were sliced and hippocampal volumes assessed and homogenized for redox state assessment, antioxidant activity, mitochondrial functioning (chain respiratory enzymes and ATP levels) and DNA damage analyses. Behavioral analyses showed that chronic mild HHcy may induce anxiety-like behavior and impair long-term aversive memory (24 h) that was evaluated by inhibitory avoidance task. Mild HHcy decreased locomotor and/or exploratory activities in elevated plus maze test and caused hippocampal atrophy. Decrease in cytochrome c oxidase, DNA damage and redox state changes were also observed in hippocampus of adult rats subjected to mild HHcy. Our findings show that chronic mild HHcy alters biochemical and histological parameters in the hippocampus, leading to behavioral impairments. These findings might be considered in future studies aiming to search for alternative strategies for treating the behavioral impairments in patients with mild elevations in homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T S Wyse
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - E F Sanches
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T M Dos Santos
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C Siebert
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J Kolling
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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18
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Le Stunff H, Véret J, Kassis N, Denom J, Meneyrol K, Paul JL, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Magnan C, Janel N. Deciphering the Link Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Ceramide Metabolism in Alzheimer-Type Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31417486 PMCID: PMC6684947 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, several data suggest that dyslipidemia can either contribute or serve as co-factors in AD appearance. AD could be examined as a metabolic disorder mediated by peripheral insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is associated with dyslipidemia, which results in increased hepatic ceramide generation. Hepatic steatosis induces pro-inflammatory cytokine activation which is mediated by the increased ceramides production. Ceramides levels increased in cells due to perturbation in sphingolipid metabolism and upregulated expression of enzymes involved in ceramide synthesis. Cytotoxic ceramides and related molecules generated in liver promote insulin resistance, traffic through the circulation due to injury or cell death caused by local liver inflammation, and because of their hydrophobic nature, they can cross the blood-brain barrier and thereby exert neurotoxic responses as reducing insulin signaling and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. These abnormalities propagate a cascade of neurodegeneration associated with oxidative stress and ceramide generation, which potentiate brain insulin resistance, apoptosis, myelin degeneration, and neuro-inflammation. Therefore, excess of toxic lipids generated in liver can cause neurodegeneration. Elevated homocysteine level is also a risk factor for AD pathology and is narrowly associated with metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The existence of a homocysteine/ceramides signaling pathway suggests that homocysteine toxicity could be partly mediated by intracellular ceramide accumulation due to stimulation of ceramide synthase. In this article, we briefly examined the role of homocysteine and ceramide metabolism linking metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to AD. We therefore analyzed the expression of mainly enzymes implicated in ceramide and sphingolipid metabolism and demonstrated deregulation of de novo ceramide biosynthesis and S1P metabolism in liver and brain of hyperhomocysteinemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Le Stunff
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Véret
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Denom
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Paul
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, Paris, France
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19
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Rasch I, Görs S, Tuchscherer A, Htoo JK, Kuhla B, Metges CC. Substitution of Dietary Sulfur Amino Acids by DL-2-hydroxy-4-Methylthiobutyric Acid Increases Remethylation and Decreases Transsulfuration in Weaned Piglets. J Nutr 2019; 149:432-440. [PMID: 30770540 PMCID: PMC6398387 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (DL-HMTBA), an L-methionine (L-Met) hydroxyl analogue, has been suggested to be a dietary L-Met source. How dietary DL-HMTBA compared with L-Met affects whole-body L-Met kinetics in growing individuals is unknown. OBJECTIVES We determined to what extent DL-HMTBA supplementation of an L-Met-deficient diet affects whole-body L-Met and L-cysteine (L-Cys) kinetics, protein synthesis (PS), and the L-Met incorporation rate in liver protein (L-MetInc) compared with L-Met and DL-Met supplementation in a piglet model. METHODS Forty-five, 28-d-old weaned piglets (male, German Landrace) were allocated to 4 dietary groups: L-Met-deficient diet [Control: 69% of recommended L-Met plus L-Cys supply; 0.22% standardized ileal digestible (SID) L-Met; 0.27% SID L-Cys; n = 12] and Control diet supplemented equimolarly to 100% of recommended intake with either L-Met (n = 12; LMET), DL-Met (n = 11; DLMET), or DL-HMTBA (n = 10; DLHMTBA). At 47 d of age, the piglets were infused with L-[1-13C; methyl-2H3]-Met and [3,3-2H2]-Cys to determine the kinetics and PS rates. Plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, hepatic mRNA abundances of L-Met cycle and transsulfuration (TS) enzymes, and L-MetInc were measured. RESULTS During feed deprivation, L-Met kinetics did not differ between groups, and were ≤3 times higher in the fed state (P < 0.01). Remethylation (RM) was 31% and 45% higher in DLHMTBA than in DLMET and Control pigs, respectively, and the RM:transmethylation (TM) ratio was 50% higher in DLHMTBA than in LMET (P < 0.05). Furthermore, TS and the TS:TM ratio were 32% lower in DLHMTBA than in LMET (P < 0.05). L-MetInc was 42% lower in DLMET and DLHMTBA than in L-Met-deficient Control pigs, whereas plasma AA and hepatic mRNA abundances were similar among DL-HMTBA-, L-Met-, and DL-Met-supplemented pigs. CONCLUSIONS In piglets, DL-HMTBA compared with L-Met and DL-Met supplementation increases RM and reduces the TS rate to conserve L-Met, but all 3 Met isomers support growth at a comparable rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Rasch
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Solvig Görs
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - John K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Dummerstorf, Germany,Nutritional Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany,Address correspondence to CCM (e-mail: )
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20
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Rayman MP, Winther KH, Pastor-Barriuso R, Cold F, Thvilum M, Stranges S, Guallar E, Cold S. Effect of long-term selenium supplementation on mortality: Results from a multiple-dose, randomised controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:46-54. [PMID: 29454039 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium, an essential trace element, is incorporated into selenoproteins with a wide range of health effects. Selenoproteins may reach repletion at a plasma selenium concentration of ~ 125 µg/L, at which point the concentration of selenoprotein P reaches a plateau; whether sustained concentrations higher than this are beneficial, or indeed detrimental, is unknown. OBJECTIVE In a population of relatively low selenium status, we aimed to determine the effect on mortality of long-term selenium supplementation at different dose levels. DESIGN The Denmark PRECISE study was a single-centre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multi-arm, parallel clinical trial with four groups. Participants were 491 male and female volunteers aged 60-74 years, recruited at Odense University Hospital, Denmark. The trial was initially designed as a 6-month pilot study, but supplemental funding allowed for extension of the study and mortality assessment. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment with 100, 200, or 300 µg selenium/d as selenium-enriched-yeast or placebo-yeast for 5 years from randomization in 1998-1999 and were followed up for mortality for a further 10 years (through March 31, 2015). RESULTS During 6871 person-years of follow-up, 158 deaths occurred. In an intention-to-treat analysis, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality comparing 300 µg selenium/d to placebo was 1.62 (0.66, 3.96) after 5 years of treatment and 1.59 (1.02, 2.46) over the entire follow-up period. The 100 and 200 µg/d doses showed non-significant decreases in mortality during the intervention period that disappeared after treatment cessation. Although we lacked power for endpoints other than all-cause mortality, the effects on cancer and cardiovascular mortality appeared similar. CONCLUSIONS A 300 µg/d dose of selenium taken for 5 years in a country with moderately-low selenium status increased all-cause mortality 10 years later. While our study was not initially designed to evaluate mortality and the sample size was limited, our findings indicate that total selenium intake over 300 µg/d and high-dose selenium supplements should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P Rayman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Roberto Pastor-Barriuso
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health and Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederick Cold
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Thvilum
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Søren Cold
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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21
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Nikolic Turnic TR, Jakovljevic VL, Djuric DM, Jeremic NS, Jeremic JN, Milosavljevic IM, Srejovic IM, Selakovic DV, Zivkovic VI. Efficiency of atorvastatin and simvastatin in improving cardiac function during the different degrees of hyperhomocysteinemia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1040-1049. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of atorvastatin and simvastatin on myocardial contractility during the different degrees of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in rats. Study was conducted on adult male Wistar albino rats (n = 90; 4 weeks old; 100 ± 15 g body mass) in which HHcy was achieved by dietary manipulation. Animals were exposed to pharmacology treatment with atorvastatin in dose of 3 mg/kg per day i.p. or simvastatin in dose of 5 mg/kg per day i.p. at the same time every day, according to equivalent therapeutic doses of these statins (10 mg atorvastatin = 20 mg simvastatin). After the dietary manipulation and pharmacological treatment and confirmation of HHcy, all animals were sacrificed, hearts were isolated, and cardiac function was tested according to the Langendorff technique. Size of recovery of maximum rate of left ventricular development (dp/dtmax), minimum rate of left ventricular development (dp/dtmin), systolic left ventricular development, diastolic left ventricular development, heart rate, and coronary flow at the 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 cmH2O coronary perfusion pressure were measured in state of physiological condition (homocysteine less than 15 μmol/L), mild HHcy, and moderate HHcy. Atorvastatin treatment significantly attenuated homocysteine-induced impairment of myocyte contractility and dominantly decreased dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, and heart rate and induced greater changes in systolic left ventricular development compared with simvastatin. Treatment with atorvastatin seems able to revert systolic abnormalities and improve contractility during the different degrees of HHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R. Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Lj. Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov 1st Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dragan M. Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena S. Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana N. Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Isidora M. Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan M. Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragica V. Selakovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir I. Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Disorders. Cells 2018; 7:cells7060063. [PMID: 29921793 PMCID: PMC6025008 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders have become among the most serious threats to human health, leading to severe chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, despite the fact that each of these diseases has different physiological and clinical symptoms, they appear to share certain pathological traits such as intracellular stress and inflammation induced by metabolic disturbance stemmed from over nutrition frequently aggravated by a modern, sedentary life style. These modern ways of living inundate cells and organs with saturating levels of sugar and fat, leading to glycotoxicity and lipotoxicity that induce intracellular stress signaling ranging from oxidative to ER stress response to cope with the metabolic insults (Mukherjee, et al., 2015). In this review, we discuss the roles played by cellular stress and its responses in shaping metabolic disorders. We have summarized here current mechanistic insights explaining the pathogenesis of these disorders. These are followed by a discussion of the latest therapies targeting the stress response pathways.
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The C677T variant in MTHFR modulates associations between blood-based and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration. Neuroreport 2018; 27:948-51. [PMID: 27380243 PMCID: PMC4937804 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The C677T functional variant in the methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene results in reduced enzymatic activity and elevated blood levels of homocysteine. Plasma levels of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are negatively correlated with cerebral amyloid burden, but plasma homocysteine concentrations are associated with increased amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain. Here, we sought to determine whether associations between low plasma ApoE levels and elevated in-vivo amyloid burden were modulated by carrying the C677T variant. We tested this hypothesis in a large sample of elderly participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We used general linear models to examine associations between plasma homocysteine concentrations, circulating ApoE levels, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of Aβ, and their modulation by MTHFR and ApoE genotype. Age, sex, and dementia status were included as covariates in all analyses. Higher circulating levels of ApoE predicted increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of Aβ, indicating lower in-vivo burden, in C-allele carriers, but not in homozygotes at the C677T variant, who showed significant elevations in plasma homocysteine levels. This modulation by the MTHFR genotype did not remain significant after controlling for ApoE genotype. In T-homozygotes who do not carry the ApoE-ε4 allele, the relationship between low plasma ApoE levels and an increased risk of dementia is likely obscured by the presence of elevated plasma homocysteine. This report suggests the value of genotyping patients at the C677T functional variant when using plasma ApoE levels as a preclinical biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.
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Role of Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hyperuricemia in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2695-2699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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Kim KN, Lee MR, Lim YH, Hong YC. Blood lead levels, iron metabolism gene polymorphisms and homocysteine: a gene-environment interaction study. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:899-904. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Liu DS, Wang SL, Li JM, Liang ES, Yan MZ, Gao W. Allicin improves carotid artery intima-media thickness in coronary artery disease patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1722-1726. [PMID: 28810641 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important and independent risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases, such as coronary artery disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is a non-invasive marker of systemic atherosclerosis. Allicin treatment may decrease serum Hcy levels and improve impaired endothelial function in rats with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). The present study hypothesized that allicin has an anti-atherosclerotic effect in coronary heart disease and tested the effects of allicin treatment on carotid artery IMT and plasma Hcy levels in coronary heart disease patients with HHcy. Sixty-two coronary heart disease patients with HHcy were randomly divided into an allicin group and a control group. All patients underwent diagnostic assessment, plasma Hcy assay, blood lipid measurement and B-mode ultrasound of the carotid artery prior to and after treatment. Plasma Hcy levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Carotid artery IMT was calculated using an automated algorithm based on a validated edge-detection technique. After 12 weeks, significant decreases in carotid artery IMT, plasma Hcy levels, total cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in the allicin group (all P<0.05), and the decreases in the allicin group were significantly greater than those in the control group (all P<0.01). These findings suggested that reducing plasma Hcy levels may be useful for preventing the generation and development of atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Allicin was able to decrease Hcy levels, total cholesterol and triglycerides as well as carotid artery IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Shan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Penglai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shandong, Penglai, Shandong 265600, P.R. China
| | - Er-Shun Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhong Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Penglai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shandong, Penglai, Shandong 265600, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Nikolic T, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Stojic I, Jeremic N, Jeremic J, Radonjic K, Stankovic S, Obrenovic R, Djuric D, Jakovljevic V. Effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin on oxidative stress in diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in Wistar albino rats: a comparative study. Mol Cell Biochem 2017. [PMID: 28620818 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Considering the well-known antioxidant properties of statins, it seems important to assess their impact on major markers of oxidative stress (superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide, and index of lipid peroxidation) to compare the antioxidative potentials of atorvastatin and simvastatin during the different degrees of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in rats. This study was conducted on adult male Wistar albino rats (n = 90; 4 weeks old; 100 ± 15 g body mass) in which HHcy was achieved by dietary manipulation. For 4 weeks, the animals were fed with one of the following diets: standard rodent chow, diet enriched in methionine with no deficiency in B vitamins (folic acid, B6, and B12), or diet enriched in methionine and deficient in B vitamins (folic acid, B6, and B12). At the same time, animals were treated with atorvastatin at doses of 3 mg/kg/day i.p. or simvastatin at doses of 5 mg/kg/day i.p. Levels of superoxide anion radical and TBARS were significantly decreased by administration of simvastatin in normal and high-homocysteine (Hcy) groups (p < 0.05). At 4 weeks after feeding with purified diets, the concentrations of the GSH, CAT, and SOD antioxidants were significantly affected among all groups (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that statin therapy had variable effects on the redox status in hyperhomocysteinemic rats, and simvastatin demonstrated stronger antioxidant effects than did atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - V Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica str. 69, P.O. Box 124, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - I Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica str. 69, P.O. Box 124, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - I Stojic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - N Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - J Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - K Radonjic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - S Stankovic
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - R Obrenovic
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Djuric
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica str. 69, P.O. Box 124, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia. .,Department of Human Pathology, University IM Sechenov, 1st Moscow State Medical, Moscow, Russia.
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Burdennyy AM, Loginov VI, Zavarykina TM, Braga EA, Kubatiev AA. The role of molecular genetic alterations in genes involved in folate and homocysteine metabolism in multifactorial diseases pathogenesis. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Barroso M, Handy DE, Castro R. The Link Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hypomethylation. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817698994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Barroso
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rita Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Roussotte FF, Hua X, Narr KL, Small GW, Thompson PM. The C677T variant in MTHFR modulates associations between brain integrity, mood, and cognitive functioning in old age. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:280-288. [PMID: 28435933 PMCID: PMC5395287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The C677T functional variant in the methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene leads to reduced enzymatic activity and elevated blood levels of homocysteine. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been linked with higher rates of cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline, and late-life depression. METHODS AND MATERIALS Here, 3D magnetic resonance imaging data was analyzed from 738 individuals (age: 75.5 ± 6.8 years; 438 men/300 women) including 173 Alzheimer's patients, 359 subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and 206 healthy older adults, scanned as part of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). RESULTS We found that this variant associates with localized brain atrophy, after controlling for age, sex, and dementia status, in brain regions implicated in both intellectual and emotional functioning, notably the medial orbitofrontal cortices. The medial orbitofrontal cortex is involved in the cognitive modulation of emotional processes, and localized atrophy in this region was previously linked with both cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms. Here, we report that increased plasma homocysteine mediates the association between MTHFR genotype and lower medial orbitofrontal volumes, and that these volumes mediate the association between cognitive decline and depressed mood in this elderly cohort. We additionally show that vitamin B12 deficiency interacts with the C677T variant in the etiology of hyperhomocysteinemia. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on important relationships between vascular risk factors, age-related cognitive decline, and late-life depression, and represents a significant advance in our understanding of clinically relevant associations relating to MTHFR genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence F. Roussotte
- Department of Neurology, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Xue Hua
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Department of Neurology, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Gary W. Small
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Department of Neurology, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, Pediatrics, and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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31
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Buas MF, Gu H, Djukovic D, Zhu J, Onstad L, Reid BJ, Raftery D, Vaughan TL. Candidate serum metabolite biomarkers for differentiating gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, and high-grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma. Metabolomics 2017; 13:23. [PMID: 28190989 PMCID: PMC5295138 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), an often fatal cancer, has increased sharply over recent decades. Several important risk factors (reflux, obesity, smoking) have been identified for EA and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE), but a key challenge remains identifying individuals at highest risk, since most with reflux do not develop BE, and most with BE do not progress to cancer. Metabolomics represents an emerging approach for identifying novel biomarkers associated with cancer development. METHODS We used targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to profile 57 metabolites in 322 serum specimens derived from individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), BE, high-grade dysplasia (HGD), or EA, drawn from two well-annotated epidemiologic parent studies. RESULTS Multiple metabolites differed significantly (P<0.05) between BE versus GERD (n=9), and between HGD/EA versus BE (n=4). Several top candidates (FDR q≤0.15), including urate, homocysteine, and 3-nitrotyrosine, are linked to inflammatory processes, which may contribute to BE/EA pathogenesis. Multivariate modeling achieved moderate discrimination between HGD/EA and BE (AUC=0.75), with less pronounced separation for BE versus GERD (AUC=0.64). CONCLUSION Serum metabolite differences can be detected between individuals with GERD versus BE, and between those with BE versus HGD/EA, and may help differentiate patients at different stages of progression to EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F. Buas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Lynn Onstad
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - Brian J. Reid
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
- Correspondence: T.L.V. (, Phone: 206-667-5134, Fax: 206-667-4787; D.R. (, Phone: 206-685-4753, Fax: 206-616-4819)
| | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
- Correspondence: T.L.V. (, Phone: 206-667-5134, Fax: 206-667-4787; D.R. (, Phone: 206-685-4753, Fax: 206-616-4819)
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Elci E, Kaya C, Cim N, Yildizhan R, Elci GG. Evaluation of cardiac risk marker levels in obese and non-obese patients with polycystic ovaries. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:43-47. [PMID: 27425379 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1203893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare cardiac risk markers such as asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), C-reactive protein (CRP), homocystein (Hcy), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-related growth factor 6 (ANGPTL6) in obese and non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). STUDY DESIGN Thirty obese (BMI >30 kg/m2) and 30 non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) patients diagnosed with PCOS and 30 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. The ages of subjects were varying between 18 and 30 years. Serum ADMA, CRP, Hcy, PAI-1, VEGF and ANGPTL6 levels were analyzed for each subject. RESULTS Serum ADMA, CRP, Hcy, PAI-1, VEGF and ANGPTL6 levels were significantly elevated in obese and non-obese women with PCOS in comparison to control subjects (p < 0.05). This elevation was more obvious in the obese PCOS group than in the other group. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular risk markers such as ADMA, CRP, Hcy, PAI-1, VEGF and ANGPTL6 levels are elevated in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Elci
- a Van Ipekyolu Maternity and Children's Disease Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Van , Turkey
| | - Cihan Kaya
- b Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Numan Cim
- c Yüzüncü Yil University Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Van , Turkey
| | - Recep Yildizhan
- c Yüzüncü Yil University Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Van , Turkey
| | - Gulhan Gunes Elci
- c Yüzüncü Yil University Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Van , Turkey
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Piceatannol attenuates homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and endothelial cell damage via heme oxygenase-1 expression. Amino Acids 2016; 49:735-745. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Parchand SM. Combined central retinal vein and branch retinal artery occlusion in hyperhomocysteinaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-218379. [PMID: 27974343 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Madhukar Parchand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education, Pondicherry, India
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Sukumar N, Adaikalakoteswari A, Venkataraman H, Maheswaran H, Saravanan P. Vitamin B12 status in women of childbearing age in the UK and its relationship with national nutrient intake guidelines: results from two National Diet and Nutrition Surveys. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011247. [PMID: 27519920 PMCID: PMC4985863 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess serum B12, folate and the associated homocysteine (Hcy) levels among women of childbearing age in the UK and examine their association with dietary intake in relation to the UK Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) for B12 and folate. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Data from two publicly available National Diet and Nutrition Surveys (NDNS 2000/2001 and 2008/2012) were used. These were population-based surveys of randomly selected samples of adults which were carried out in their households. PARTICIPANTS Women of childbearing age (aged 19-39 years), representative of the UK population. Those who were pregnant or breastfeeding were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES The associations between micronutrient intakes and blood levels of B12, folate and Hcy were assessed by correlation and stepwise linear regression. B12 intake was divided into quintiles and plotted against blood B12 and Hcy concentrations to determine the threshold of any associations. RESULTS 299 women from the first NDNS cohort had complete intake and biomarker data. The prevalence of serum vitamin B12 (≤150 pmol/L) and serum folate (≤10 nmol/L) deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia (≥12 µmol/L) was 12.4%, 6.4% and 21.2%, respectively, despite seemingly adequate B12 intakes (median 3.8 μg/day, 96% consumed more than the UK RNI of 1.5 μg/day). B12 concentrations increased across all quintiles of intake with serum levels in quintiles 4 and 5 (median intake 4.9 and 7.1 μg/day, respectively) significantly higher than quintile 1. However, Hcy concentrations levelled off between quintiles 4 and 5. Comparison of micronutrient intake between the two surveys found that folate intake has reduced in the more recent cohort. CONCLUSIONS The UK RNI for B12 intake should be increased for women of childbearing age with intakes of around 5-7 μg/day likely to be associated with stable biomarker levels. B12 levels should also be measured in women preconceptionally or in early pregnancy given the high rates of deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Sukumar
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Academic Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, UK
| | | | - Hema Venkataraman
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Academic Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, UK
| | | | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Academic Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, UK
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Association between Stable Coronary Artery Disease and In Vivo Thrombin Generation. Cardiol Res Pract 2016; 2016:5149825. [PMID: 27597926 PMCID: PMC4997082 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5149825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Thrombin has been implicated as a key molecule in atherosclerotic progression. Clinical evidence shows that thrombin generation is enhanced in atherosclerosis, but its role as a risk factor for coronary atherosclerotic burden has not been proven in coronary artery disease (CAD) stable patients. Objectives. To evaluate the association between TAT levels and homocysteine levels and the presence of coronary artery disease diagnosed by coronary angiography in patients with stable CAD. Methods and Results. We included 95 stable patients admitted to the Haemodynamics Department, including 63 patients with significant CAD and 32 patients without. We measured the thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and homocysteine concentrations in all the patients. The CAD patients exhibited higher concentrations of TAT (40.76 μg/L versus 20.81 μg/L, p = 0.002) and homocysteine (11.36 μmol/L versus 8.81 μmol/L, p < 0.01) compared to the patients without significant CAD. Specifically, in patients with CAD+ the level of TAT level was associated with the severity of CAD being 36.17 ± 24.48 μg/L in the patients with bivascular obstruction and 42.77 ± 31.81 μg/L in trivascular coronary obstruction, p = 0.002. Conclusions. The level of in vivo thrombin generation, quantified as TAT complexes, is associated with the presence and severity of CAD assessed by coronary angiography in stable CAD patients.
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Won BY, Park KC, Lee SH, Yun SH, Kim MJ, Park KS, Kim YS, Haam JH, Kim HY, Kim HJ, Park KH. Sex Difference in the Association between Serum Homocysteine Level and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Korean J Fam Med 2016; 37:242-7. [PMID: 27468343 PMCID: PMC4961857 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.4.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between serum homocysteine levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the sex-specific relationship between serum homocysteine level and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Korean population. Methods This cross-sectional study included 150 men and 132 women who participated in medical examination programs in Korea from January 2014 to December 2014. Patients were screened for fatty liver by abdominal ultrasound and patient blood samples were collected to measure homocysteine levels. Patients that consumed more than 20 grams of alcohol per day were excluded from this study. Results The homocysteine level (11.56 vs. 8.05 nmol/L) and the proportion of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (60.7% vs. 19.7%) were significantly higher in men than in women. In men, elevated serum homocysteine levels were associated with a greater prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (quartile 1, 43.6%; quartile 4, 80.6%; P=0.01); however, in females, there was no significant association between serum homocysteine levels and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In the logistic regression model adjusted for age and potential confounding parameters, the odds ratio for men was significantly higher in the uppermost quartile (model 3, quartile 4: odds ratio, 6.78; 95% confidential interval, 1.67 to 27.56); however, serum homocysteine levels in women were not associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the crude model or in models adjusted for confounders. Conclusion Serum homocysteine levels were associated with the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Youn Won
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chae Park
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Yun
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Moon-Jong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kye-Seon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Haam
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyung-Yuk Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Park
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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Yao L, Wang C, Zhang X, Peng L, Liu W, Zhang X, Liu Y, He J, Jiang C, Ai D, Zhu Y. Hyperhomocysteinemia activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/CD36 pathway to promote hepatic steatosis in mice. Hepatology 2016; 64:92-105. [PMID: 26928949 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with liver diseases such as fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. The current study aimed to explore the signaling pathway involved in HHcy-induced hepatic steatosis (HS). C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-methionine diet (HMD) for 4 and 8 weeks to establish the HHcy mouse model. Compared to a chow diet, the HMD induced hepatic steatosis and elevated hepatic expression of CD36, a fatty acid transport protein. The increased CD36 expression was associated with activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In primary cultured hepatocytes, high levels of homocysteine (Hcy) treatment up-regulated CD36 and increased subsequent lipid uptake; both were significantly attenuated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of CD36 and AHR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that Hcy promoted binding of AHR to the CD36 promoter, and transient transfection assay demonstrated markedly increased activity of the AHR response element by Hcy, which was ligand dependent. Mass spectrometry revealed significantly increased hepatic content of lipoxin A4 (LXA4 ), a metabolite of arachidonic acid, in HMD-fed mice. Furthermore, overexpression of 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase 1, a LXA4 inactivation enzyme, inhibited Hcy-induced AHR activation, lipid uptake, and lipid accumulation. Moreover, LXA4 -induced up-regulation of CD36 and lipid uptake was inhibited by AHR siRNA in vitro in hepatocytes. Finally, treatment with an AHR antagonist reversed HHcy-induced lipid accumulation by inhibiting the AHR-CD36 pathway in mice. CONCLUSION HHcy activates the AHR-CD36 pathway by increasing hepatic LXA4 content, which results in hepatic steatosis. (Hepatology 2016;64:92-105).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjiong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyuan Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinlong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Ai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Daulatzai MA. Cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism: Key pathophysiological modulators promote neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:943-972. [PMID: 27350397 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging, hypertension, diabetes, hypoxia/obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, vitamin B12/folate deficiency, depression, and traumatic brain injury synergistically promote diverse pathological mechanisms including cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism. These risk factors trigger neuroinflammation and oxidative-nitrosative stress that in turn decrease nitric oxide and enhance endothelin, Amyloid-β deposition, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Proinflammatory cytokines, endothelin-1, and oxidative-nitrosative stress trigger several pathological feedforward and feedback loops. These upstream factors persist in the brain for decades, upregulating amyloid and tau, before the cognitive decline. These cascades lead to neuronal Ca2+ increase, neurodegeneration, cognitive/memory decline, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, strategies are available to attenuate cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism and ameliorate cognitive decline. AD is the leading cause of dementia among the elderly. There is significant evidence that pathways involving inflammation and oxidative-nitrosative stress (ONS) play a key pathophysiological role in promoting cognitive dysfunction. Aging and several comorbid conditions mentioned above promote diverse pathologies. These include inflammation, ONS, hypoperfusion, and hypometabolism in the brain. In AD, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism precede decades before the cognitive decline. These comorbid disease conditions may share and synergistically activate these pathophysiological pathways. Inflammation upregulates cerebrovascular pathology through proinflammatory cytokines, endothelin-1, and nitric oxide (NO). Inflammation-triggered ONS promotes long-term damage involving fatty acids, proteins, DNA, and mitochondria; these amplify and perpetuate several feedforward and feedback pathological loops. The latter includes dysfunctional energy metabolism (compromised mitochondrial ATP production), amyloid-β generation, endothelial dysfunction, and blood-brain-barrier disruption. These lead to decreased cerebral blood flow and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion- that would modulate metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. In essence, hypoperfusion deprives the brain from its two paramount trophic substances, viz., oxygen and nutrients. Consequently, the brain suffers from synaptic dysfunction and neuronal degeneration/loss, leading to both gray and white matter atrophy, cognitive dysfunction, and AD. This Review underscores the importance of treating the above-mentioned comorbid disease conditions to attenuate inflammation and ONS and ameliorate decreased cerebral blood flow and hypometabolism. Additionally, several strategies are described here to control chronic hypoperfusion of the brain and enhance cognition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mak Adam Daulatzai
- Sleep Disorders Group, EEE Dept/MSE, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Jiang W, Xiong L, Bin Yang, Li W, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Wu Q, Li T, Zhang C, Zhang M, Xia X. Hyperhomocysteinaemia in rats is associated with erectile dysfunction by impairing endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26647. [PMID: 27221552 PMCID: PMC4879575 DOI: 10.1038/srep26647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHCy) on penile erectile function in a rat model, a methionine-rich diet was used in which erectile function, the reproductive system, and nitric oxide synthase were characterized. The intracavernous pressure, apomorphine experiments, measurement of oxidative stress, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions and measurement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity were utilized. Our results showed that erections in the middle-dose, high-dose, and interference (INF) groups were significantly lower than the control (P < 0.05). INF group, being fed with vitamins B and folic acid, demonstrated markedly improved penile erections compared with the middle-dose group (P < 0.05). HHCy-induced eNOS and phospho-eNOS protein expression was reduced and the antioxidant effect was markedly impaired. The data of the present data provide evidence that HHCy is a vascular risk factor for erectile dysfunction by impairing cavernosa endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. Intake of vitamins B can alleviate this abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Jiang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Wu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Tianfu Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Pharmacotherapies: Do They Have Anti-Atherosclerotic Activity? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2016; 18:27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-016-0578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jia F, Wu C, Chen Z, Lu G, Sun J. Atorvastatin attenuates atherosclerotic plaque destabilization by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in hyperhomocysteinemic mice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3574-80. [PMID: 26956896 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been suggested to play a role in the progression of plaque vulnerability and the occurrence of acute complications of coronary atherosclerosis. Atorvastatin is known to exert pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system. The present study aimed to examine the stabilizing effects of atorvastatin on vulnerable plaques within hyperhomocysteinemic apolipoprotein E‑deficient (ApoE‑/‑) mice, and to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying ER stress in ApoE‑/‑ mice and macrophages. In the present study, ApoE‑/‑ mice were administrated methionine or atorvastatin, and were sacrificed after 2 months. Necrotic core size, collagen content and inflammatory cytokine infiltration were subsequently measured in the aortic lesions, in order to investigate plaque stability. Treatment with atorvastatin decreased the number and size of necrotic cores, increased collagen content, and downregulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9 mRNA expression, as compared with the methionine group. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that atorvastatin administration prevented ER stress activation in aortic lesions of hyperhomocysteinemic mice. Furthermore, macrophages were challenged with homocysteine (Hcy) in the presence or absence of atorvastatin and thapsigargin (an ER stress inducer). Atorvastatin suppressed Hcy‑induced ER stress, and downregulated TNF‑α and MMP‑9 mRNA expression in the macrophages. Conversely, thapsigargin attenuated the inhibitory effects of atorvastatin against Hcy‑induced TNF‑α and MMP‑9 expression. These results indicated that hyperhomocysteinemia may promote atherosclerotic plaque development and instability. In addition, atorvastatin was able to improve atherosclerotic plaque stability in hyperhomocysteinemic mice by inhibiting ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Chunfang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Kuivaniemi H, Ryer EJ, Elmore JR, Tromp G. Understanding the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 13:975-87. [PMID: 26308600 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1074861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An aortic aneurysm is a dilatation in which the aortic diameter is ≥3.0 cm. If left untreated, the aortic wall continues to weaken and becomes unable to withstand the forces of the luminal blood pressure resulting in progressive dilatation and rupture, a catastrophic event associated with a mortality of 50-80%. Smoking and positive family history are important risk factors for the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Several genetic risk factors have also been identified. On the histological level, visible hallmarks of AAA pathogenesis include inflammation, smooth muscle cell apoptosis, extracellular matrix degradation and oxidative stress. We expect that large genetic, genomic, epigenetic, proteomic and metabolomic studies will be undertaken by international consortia to identify additional risk factors and biomarkers, and to enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of AAA. Collaboration between different research groups will be important in overcoming the challenges to develop pharmacological treatments for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kuivaniemi
- a 1 Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA
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Wang RP, Guo JJ, Wang W, Liu J, Zhang YY. Correlation between homocysteine level and carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:775-781. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i5.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the relationship between carotid artery intimae-media thickness (C-IMT) and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level in non-alcoholic fatty hepatitis (NASH) patients.
METHODS: Eighty patients with NASH proven by liver biopsy, 80 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and 50 healthy controls were included. Blood lipids, liver biochemical indexes, serum homocysteine and carotid artery intimae-media thickness were measured and analyzed by correlation analysis.
RESULTS: In the NASH group, Hcy level was significantly higher in the NASH and NAFL groups than in the control group (P < 0.05), and in the NASH group than in the NAFL group. Correlation analysis showed that C-IMT was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), aspartate transaminase (AST) and Hcy. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that NASH, hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MS), and Hcy were risk factors for C-IMT (standardized regression coefficients = 1.515, 2.066, 3.270, and 1.240; P = 0.001, 0.032, 0.009, and 0.039, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Hey levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty hepatitis are closely related to C-IMT and could be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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45
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Amrock SM, Weitzman M. Multiple biomarkers for mortality prediction in peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med 2016; 21:105-12. [DOI: 10.1177/1358863x15621797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have assessed which biomarkers influence mortality risk among those with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We analyzed data from 556 individuals identified to have PAD (i.e. ankle–brachial index ⩽0.9) with available measurements of C-reactive protein, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), homocysteine, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We investigated whether a combination of these biomarkers improved the prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality beyond conventional risk factors. During follow-up (median, 8.1 years), 277 of 556 participants died; 63 deaths were attributed to cardiovascular disease. After adjusting for conventional risk factors, Cox proportional-hazards models showed the following to be most strongly associated with all-cause mortality (each is followed by the adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per 1 standard deviation increment in the log values): homocysteine (1.31), UACR (1.21), and NLR (1.20). UACR alone significantly predicted cardiovascular mortality (1.53). Persons in the highest quintile of multimarker scores derived from regression coefficients of significant biomarkers had elevated risks of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.66–3.62; p for trend, <0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.02–4.71; p for trend, 0.053) compared to those in the lowest two quintiles. The addition of continuous multimarker scores to conventional risk factors improved risk stratification of all-cause mortality (integrated discrimination improvement [IDI], 0.162; p<0.00001) and cardiovascular mortality (IDI, 0.058; p<0.00001). In conclusion, the addition of a continuous multimarker score to conventional risk factors improved mortality prediction among patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Amrock
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Weitzman
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Yang AN, Zhang HP, Sun Y, Yang XL, Wang N, Zhu G, Zhang H, Xu H, Ma SC, Zhang Y, Li GZ, Jia YX, Cao J, Jiang YD. High-methionine diets accelerate atherosclerosis by HHcy-mediated FABP4 gene demethylation pathway via DNMT1 in ApoE−/−
mice. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3998-4009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hardikar AA, Satoor SN, Karandikar MS, Joglekar MV, Puranik AS, Wong W, Kumar S, Limaye A, Bhat DS, Januszewski AS, Umrani MR, Ranjan AK, Apte K, Yajnik P, Bhonde RR, Galande S, Keech AC, Jenkins AJ, Yajnik CS. Multigenerational Undernutrition Increases Susceptibility to Obesity and Diabetes that Is Not Reversed after Dietary Recuperation. Cell Metab 2015; 22:312-9. [PMID: 26166746 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
People in developing countries have faced multigenerational undernutrition and are currently undergoing major lifestyle changes, contributing to an epidemic of metabolic diseases, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using a Wistar rat model of undernutrition over 50 generations, we show that Undernourished rats exhibit low birth-weight, high visceral adiposity (DXA/MRI), and insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps), compared to age-/gender-matched control rats. Undernourished rats also have higher circulating insulin, homocysteine, endotoxin and leptin levels, lower adiponectin, vitamin B12 and folate levels, and an 8-fold increased susceptibility to Streptozotocin-induced diabetes compared to control rats. Importantly, these metabolic abnormalities are not reversed after two generations of unrestricted access to commercial chow (nutrient recuperation). Altered epigenetic signatures in insulin-2 gene promoter region of Undernourished rats are not reversed by nutrient recuperation, and may contribute to the persistent detrimental metabolic profiles in similar multigenerational undernourished human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarang N Satoor
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Mahesh S Karandikar
- Department of Physiology, DY Patil Medical College, DPU, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India; Department of Physiology, BJ Medical College, Pune 411011, India
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | - Wilson Wong
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Amita Limaye
- National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | | | | | - Malati R Umrani
- National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Amaresh K Ranjan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kishori Apte
- National Toxicology Center, 36/1/1 MN199, Vadgaon Khurd, Singhgad Road, Pune 411041, India
| | - Pranav Yajnik
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ramesh R Bhonde
- National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India; Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS. Safety considerations with fenofibrate/simvastatin combination. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015; 14:1481-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1056778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wu S, Gao X, Yang S, Meng M, Yang X, Ge B. The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in endothelial dysfunction induced by homocysteine thiolactone. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 29:252-9. [PMID: 25623775 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our and other studies have reported that homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) could induce endothelial dysfunction. However, the precise mechanism was largely unknown. In this study, we tested the most possible factor-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which was demonstrated to be involved in endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. Acetylcholine (Ach)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) and biochemical parameters were measured in rat isolated aorta. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO was designed by specific fluorescent probe DCFH-DA and DAF-FM DA separately. The nuclear translocation of the NF-κB was studied by immune-fluorescence. The mRNA expression and protein expression of GRP78--a key indicator for the induction of ER stress--were assessed by real-time PCR and Western blot. Two ER stress inhibitors-4-PBA (5 mm) and Tudca (500 μg/mL)--significantly prevented HTL-impaired EDR and increased NO release, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and SOD activity, decreased ROS production, NADPH activity, NOX-4 mRNA and MDA level. We also found that 4-PBA and Tudca blocked HTL--induced NF-κB activation thus inhibiting the downstream target gene production including TNF-α and ICAM-1. Simultaneously, HTL increased the mRNA and protein level of GRP78. HTL could induce ER stress leading to a downstream enhancement of oxidative stress and inflammation, which finally caused vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Gan Su Provincial Hospital, Lan Zhou, 73000, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Gan Su Provincial Hospital, Lan Zhou, 73000, China
| | - Shehua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Gan Su Provincial Hospital, Lan Zhou, 73000, China
| | - Min Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Gan Su Provincial Hospital, Lan Zhou, 73000, China
| | - Xiaolai Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Gan Su Provincial Hospital, Lan Zhou, 73000, China
| | - Bin Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Gan Su Provincial Hospital, Lan Zhou, 73000, China
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Rangel-Aldao R. The unfolded protein response, inflammation, oscillators, and disease: a systems biology approach. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN DISEASES 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ersc-2015-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes and obesity are responsible for about two thirds of mortality worldwide, and all of these ailments share a common low-intensity systemic chronic inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), and the ensuing Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). These adaptive mechanisms are also responsible for significant metabolic changes that feedback with the central clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, as well as with oscillators of peripheral tissues. In this review we attempt to use a systems biology approach to explore such interactions as a whole; to answer two fundamental questions: (1) how dependent are these adaptive responses and subsequent events leading to NCD with their state of synchrony with the SCN and peripheral oscillators? And, (2) How could modifiers of the activity of SCN for instance, food intake, exercise, and drugs, be potentially used to modulate systemic inflammation and ER stress to ameliorate or even prevent NCDs?
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rangel-Aldao
- 1Department of Technology of Biological Processes and Group of Digital Science, Simon Bolivar University, Caracas, 1083, Venezuela
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