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Khalkho JP, Beck A, Priyanka, Panda B, Chandra R. Microbial allies: exploring fungal endophytes for biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:340. [PMID: 38960981 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) are natural compounds found in medicinal plants that exhibit various therapeutic activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-helminthic, and anti-tumor properties. However, the production of these alkaloids in plants is limited, and there is a high demand for them due to the increasing incidence of cancer cases. To address this research gap, researchers have focused on optimizing culture media, eliciting metabolic pathways, overexpressing genes, and searching for potential sources of TIAs in organisms other than plants. The insufficient number of essential genes and enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway is the reason behind the limited production of TIAs. As the field of natural product discovery from biological species continues to grow, endophytes are being investigated more and more as potential sources of bioactive metabolites with a variety of chemical structures. Endophytes are microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, archaea, and actinomycetes), that exert a significant influence on the metabolic pathways of both the host plants and the endophytic cells. Bio-prospection of fungal endophytes has shown the discovery of novel, high-value bioactive compounds of commercial significance. The discovery of therapeutically significant secondary metabolites has been made easier by endophytic entities' abundant but understudied diversity. It has been observed that fungal endophytes have better intermediate processing ability due to cellular compartmentation. This paper focuses on fungal endophytes and their metabolic ability to produce complex TIAs, recent advancements in this area, and addressing the limitations and future perspectives related to TIA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prabha Khalkho
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Abhishek Beck
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Banishree Panda
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
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2
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Yu K, Liang P, Yu H, Liu H, Guo J, Yan X, Li Z, Li G, Wang Y, Wang C. Integrating Transcriptome and Chemical Analyses to Provide Insights into Biosynthesis of Terpenoids and Flavonoids in the Medicinal Industrial Crop Andrographis paniculate and Its Antiviral Medicinal Parts. Molecules 2024; 29:852. [PMID: 38398604 PMCID: PMC10893308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant traditionally used to produce diterpene lactones and flavonoids, which possess various biological activities. Widely distributed in China, India, and other Southeast Asia countries, A. paniculata has become an important economic crop, significantly treating SARS-CoV-2, and is being cultivated on a large scale in southern China. The biosynthesis of active ingredients in A. paniculata are regulated and controlled by genes, but their specific roles are still not fully understood. To further explore the growth regulation factors and utilization of its medicinal parts of this industrial crop, chemical and transcriptome analyses were conducted on the roots, stems, and leaves of A. paniculata to identify the biosynthesis pathways and related candidate genes of the active ingredients. The chemical analysis revealed that the main components of A. paniculata were diterpene lactones and flavonoids, which displayed potential ability to treat SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking. Moreover, the transcriptome sequencing annotated a total of 40,850 unigenes, including 7962 differentially expressed genes. Among these, 120 genes were involved in diterpene lactone biosynthesis and 60 genes were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. The expression of diterpene lactone-related genes was the highest in leaves and the lowest in roots, consistent with our content determination results. It is speculated that these highly expressed genes in leaves may be involved in the biosynthesis pathway of diterpenes. Furthermore, two class Ⅰ terpene synthases in A. paniculata transcriptome were also annotated, providing reference for the downstream pathway of the diterpene lactone biosynthesis. With their excellent market value, our experiments will promote the study of the biosynthetic genes for active ingredients in A. paniculata and provide insights for subsequent in vitro biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Yu
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Pengjie Liang
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Jialiang Guo
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Guoqiang Li
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
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Alcalde MA, Palazon J, Bonfill M, Hidalgo-Martinez D. Enhancing Centelloside Production in Centella asiatica Hairy Root Lines through Metabolic Engineering of Triterpene Biosynthetic Pathway Early Genes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3363. [PMID: 37836103 PMCID: PMC10574710 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is a medicinal plant with a rich tradition of use for its therapeutic properties. Among its bioactive compounds are centellosides, a group of triterpenoid secondary metabolites whose potent pharmacological activities have attracted significant attention. Metabolic engineering has emerged as a powerful biotechnological tool to enhance the production of target compounds. In this study, we explored the effects of overexpressing the squalene synthase (SQS) gene and transcription factor TSAR2 on various aspects of C. asiatica hairy root lines: the expression level of centelloside biosynthetic genes, morphological traits, as well as squalene, phytosterol, and centelloside content. Three distinct categories of transformed lines were obtained: LS, harboring At-SQS; LT, overexpressing TSAR2; and LST, simultaneously carrying both transgenes. These lines displayed noticeable alterations in morphological traits, including changes in branching rate and biomass production. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of T-DNA genes, particularly aux2 and rolC genes, significantly modulated the expression of pivotal genes involved in centelloside biosynthesis. Notably, the LS lines boasted an elevated centelloside content but concurrently displayed reduced phytosterol content, a finding that underscores the intriguing antagonistic relationship between phytosterol and triterpene pathways. Additionally, the inverse correlation between the centelloside content and morphological growth values observed in LS lines was countered by the action of TSAR2 in the LST and LT lines. This difference could be attributed to the simultaneous increase in the phytosterol content in the TSAR2-expressing lines, as these compounds are closely linked to root development. Overall, these discoveries offer valuable information for the biotechnological application of C. asiatica hairy roots and their potential to increase centelloside production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Alcalde
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.A.); (M.B.)
- Biotechnology, Health and Education Research Group, Posgraduate School, Cesar Vallejo University, Trujillo 13001, Peru
| | - Javier Palazon
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Mercedes Bonfill
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Diego Hidalgo-Martinez
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.A.); (M.B.)
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Ranasinghe S, Armson A, Lymbery AJ, Zahedi A, Ash A. Medicinal plants as a source of antiparasitics: an overview of experimental studies. Pathog Glob Health 2023; 117:535-553. [PMID: 36805662 PMCID: PMC10392325 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2179454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in modern human and veterinary medicine, gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections remain a significant health issue worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Increasing evidence of the multi-drug resistance of these parasites and the side effects of currently available synthetic drugs have led to increased research on alternative medicines to treat parasitic infections. The exploration of potential botanical antiparasitics, which are inexpensive and abundant, may be a promising alternative in this context. This study summarizes the in vitro/in vivo antiparasitic efficacy of different medicinal plants and their components against GI parasites. Published literature from 1990-2020 was retrieved from Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus. A total of 68 plant species belonging to 32 families have been evaluated as antiparasitic agents against GI parasites worldwide. The majority of studies (70%) were conducted in vitro. Most plants were from the Fabaceae family (53%, n = 18). Methanol (37%, n = 35) was the most used solvent. Leaf (22%, n = 16) was the most used plant part, followed by seed and rhizome (each 12%, n = 9). These studies suggest that herbal medicines hold a great scope for new drug discoveries against parasitic diseases and that the derivatives of these plants are useful structures for drug synthesis and bioactivity optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandamalie Ranasinghe
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Armson
- Exercise Science and Chiropractic, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan J. Lymbery
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alireza Zahedi
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Ash
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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5
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Bagal D, Chowdhary AA, Mehrotra S, Mishra S, Rathore S, Srivastava V. Metabolic engineering in hairy roots: An outlook on production of plant secondary metabolites. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107847. [PMID: 37352695 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants are one of the vital sources of secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites have diverse roles in human welfare, including therapeutic implication. Nevertheless, secondary metabolite yields obtained through the exploitation of natural plant populations is insufficient to meet the commercial demand due to their accumulation in low volumes. Besides, in-planta synthesis of these important metabolites is directly linked with the age and growing conditions of the plant. Such limitations have paved the way for the exploration of alternative production methodologies. Hairy root cultures, induced after the interaction of plants with Rhizobium rhizogenes (Agrobacterium rhizogenes), are a practical solution for producing valuable secondary metabolite at low cost and without the influence of seasonal, geographic or climatic variations. Hairy root cultures also offer the opportunity to get combined with other yield enhancements strategies (precursor feeding, elicitation and metabolic engineering) to further stimulate and/or enhance their production potential. Applications of metabolic engineering in exploiting hairy root cultures attracted the interest of several research groups as a means of yield enhancement. Currently, several engineering approaches like overexpression and silencing of pathway genes, and transcription factor overexpression are used to boost metabolite production, along with the contextual success of genome editing. This review attempts to cover metabolic engineering in hairy roots for the production of secondary metabolites, with a primary emphasis on alkaloids, and discusses prospects for taking this research forward to meet desired production demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Bagal
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, 181143, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Aksar Ali Chowdhary
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, 181143, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Shakti Mehrotra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, 226020, India.
| | - Sonal Mishra
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, 181143, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India.
| | - Sonica Rathore
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, 181143, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Vikas Srivastava
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, 181143, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India.
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Liu X, Zhang P, Zhao Q, Huang AC. Making small molecules in plants: A chassis for synthetic biology-based production of plant natural products. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:417-443. [PMID: 35852486 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products have been extensively exploited in food, medicine, flavor, cosmetic, renewable fuel, and other industrial sectors. Synthetic biology has recently emerged as a promising means for the cost-effective and sustainable production of natural products. Compared with engineering microbes for the production of plant natural products, the potential of plants as chassis for producing these compounds is underestimated, largely due to challenges encountered in engineering plants. Knowledge in plant engineering is instrumental for enabling the effective and efficient production of valuable phytochemicals in plants, and also paves the way for a more sustainable future agriculture. In this manuscript, we briefly recap the biosynthesis of plant natural products, focusing primarily on industrially important terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids. We further summarize the plant hosts and strategies that have been used to engineer the production of natural products. The challenges and opportunities of using plant synthetic biology to achieve rapid and scalable production of high-value plant natural products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ancheng C Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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7
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Vidya Muthulakshmi M, Srinivasan A, Srivastava S. Antioxidant Green Factories: Toward Sustainable Production of Vitamin E in Plant In Vitro Cultures. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3586-3605. [PMID: 36743063 PMCID: PMC9893489 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E is a dietary supplement synthesized only by photosynthetic organisms and, hence, is an essential vitamin for human well-being. Because of the ever-increasing demand for natural vitamin E and limitations in existing synthesis modes, attempts to improve its yield using plant in vitro cultures have gained traction in recent years. With inflating industrial production costs, integrative approaches to conventional bioprocess optimization is the need of the hour for multifold vitamin E productivity enhancement. In this review, we briefly discuss the structure, isomers, and important metabolic routes of biosynthesis for vitamin E in plants. We then emphasize its vital role in human health and its industrial applications and highlight the market demand and supply. We illustrate the advantages of in vitro plant cell/tissue culture cultivation as an alternative to current commercial production platforms for natural vitamin E. We touch upon the conventional vitamin E metabolic pathway engineering strategies, such as single/multigene overexpression and chloroplast engineering. We highlight the recent progress in plant systems biology to rationally identify metabolic bottlenecks and knockout targets in the vitamin E biosynthetic pathway. We then discuss bioprocess optimization strategies for sustainable vitamin E production, including media/process optimization, precursor/elicitor addition, and scale-up to bioreactors. We culminate the review with a short discussion on kinetic modeling to predict vitamin E production in plant cell cultures and suggestions on sustainable green extraction methods of vitamin E for reduced environmental impact. This review will be of interest to a wider research fraternity, including those from industry and academia working in the field of plant cell biology, plant biotechnology, and bioprocess engineering for phytochemical enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vidya Muthulakshmi
- Department
of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, 600 036 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aparajitha Srinivasan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, 600 036 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Smita Srivastava
- Department
of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, 600 036 Tamil Nadu, India
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Mitu SA, Stewart P, Tran TD, Reddell PW, Cummins SF, Ogbourne SM. Identification of Gene Biomarkers for Tigilanol Tiglate Content in Fontainea picrosperma. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133980. [PMID: 35807225 PMCID: PMC9268252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tigilanol tiglate (EBC-46) is a small-molecule natural product under development for the treatment of cancers in humans and companion animals. The drug is currently produced by purification from the Australian rainforest tree Fontainea picrosperma (Euphorbiaceae). As part of a selective-breeding program to increase EBC-46 yield from F. picrosperma plantations, we investigated potential gene biomarkers associated with biosynthesis of EBC-46. Initially, we identified individual plants that were either high (>0.039%) or low EBC-46 (<0.008%) producers, then assessed their differentially expressed genes within the leaves and roots of these two groups by quantitative RNA sequencing. Compared to low EBC-46 producers, high-EBC-46-producing plants were found to have 145 upregulated genes and 101 downregulated genes in leaves and 53 upregulated genes and 82 downregulated genes in roots. Most of these genes were functionally associated with defence, transport, and biosynthesis. Genes identified as expressed exclusively in either the high or low EBC-46-producing plants were further validated by quantitative PCR, showing that cytochrome P450 94C1 in leaves and early response dehydration 7.1 and 2-alkenal reductase in roots were consistently and significantly upregulated in high-EBC-46 producers. In summary, this study has identified biomarker genes that may be used in the selective breeding of F. picrosperma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida A Mitu
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (S.A.M.); (T.D.T.); (S.F.C.)
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia;
| | - Praphaporn Stewart
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia;
| | - Trong D Tran
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (S.A.M.); (T.D.T.); (S.F.C.)
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia;
| | | | - Scott F Cummins
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (S.A.M.); (T.D.T.); (S.F.C.)
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia;
| | - Steven M. Ogbourne
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (S.A.M.); (T.D.T.); (S.F.C.)
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Mora-Vásquez S, Wells-Abascal GG, Espinosa-Leal C, Cardineau GA, García-Lara S. Application of metabolic engineering to enhance the content of alkaloids in medicinal plants. Metab Eng Commun 2022; 14:e00194. [PMID: 35242556 PMCID: PMC8881666 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds, many of which have been exploited for cosmetic, nutritional, and medicinal purposes. Through the characterization of metabolic pathways, as well as the mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of secondary metabolites, researchers have been able to increase the production of bioactive compounds in different plant species for research and commercial applications. The intent of the current review is to describe the metabolic engineering methods that have been used to transform in vitro or field-grown medicinal plants over the last decade and to identify the most effective approaches to increase the production of alkaloids. The articles summarized were categorized into six groups: endogenous enzyme overexpression, foreign enzyme overexpression, transcription factor overexpression, gene silencing, genome editing, and co-overexpression. We conclude that, because of the complex and multi-step nature of biosynthetic pathways, the approach that has been most commonly used to increase the biosynthesis of alkaloids, and the most effective in terms of fold increase, is the co-overexpression of two or more rate-limiting enzymes followed by the manipulation of regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Mora-Vásquez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Espinosa-Leal
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Guy A. Cardineau
- Arizona State University, Beus Center for Law and Society, Mail Code 9520, 111 E. Taylor Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-4467, USA
| | - Silverio García-Lara
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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10
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Habibi P, Shi Y, Fatima Grossi-de-Sa M, Khan I. Plants as Sources of Natural and Recombinant Antimalaria Agents. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1177-1197. [PMID: 35488142 PMCID: PMC9053566 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the severe infectious diseases that has victimized about half a civilization billion people each year worldwide. The application of long-lasting insecticides is the main strategy to control malaria; however, a surge in antimalarial drug development is also taking a leading role to break off the infections. Although, recurring drug resistance can compromise the efficiency of both conventional and novel antimalarial medicines. The eradication of malaria is significantly contingent on discovering novel potent agents that are low cost and easy to administer. In this context, plant metabolites inhibit malaria infection progression and might potentially be utilized as an alternative treatment for malaria, such as artemisinin. Advances in genetic engineering technology, especially the advent of molecular farming, have made plants more versatile in producing protein drugs (PDs) to treat infectious diseases, including malaria. These recent developments in genetic modifications have enabled the production of native pharmaceutically active compounds and the accumulation of diverse heterologous proteins such as human antibodies, booster vaccines, and many PDs to treat infectious diseases and genetic disorders. This review will discuss the pivotal role of a plant-based production system that expresses natural antimalarial agents or host protein drugs to cure malaria infections. The potential of these natural and induced compounds will support modern healthcare systems in treating malaria infections, especially in developing countries to mitigate human fatalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Habibi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yao Shi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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11
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Li S, Yaermaimaiti S, Tian XM, Wang ZW, Xu WJ, Luo J, Kong LY. Dynamic metabolic and transcriptomic profiling reveals the biosynthetic characteristics of hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) in sunflower pollen. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110678. [PMID: 34600680 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sunflower pollen is a natural nutritious food with a long history and multiple functions, however, the main chemical components apart from flavonoids and their biosynthesis processes have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, seven hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) (1-7) abundant in sunflower pollen were isolated and identified as one type of the pollen's main chemicals. For a comprehensive understanding of HCAA biosynthesis in Helianthus annuus flowers, RNA-seq, metabolomics, and key genes related to biosynthesis in the sunflower were studied. A large number of compounds at different sunflower growth stages (the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days) and high expression levels of related genes in the transcriptome were detected. A molecular network was constructed to clarify the synthetic pathway of HCAAs, which revealed high transcriptional levels of spermidine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase genes (HaSHT2795 and HaSHT2436) in 14-21-days-old flowers. HaSHT2795 enzymes catalyze tri-coumaroylspermidine formation, and virus-induced gene silencing to inhibit HaSHT2795 and HaSHT2436 could significantly reduce the synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid amides in sunflower pollen. HCAAs were inferred to be related to the formation of pollen walls and the health effects of pollen. Analyzing HCAA biosynthesis and accumulation in H. annuus pollen will be helpful to understand the functions of HCAAs in the development of pollen and its nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Saimijiang Yaermaimaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Meng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Majhi S. Applications of Yamaguchi Method to Esterification and Macrolactonization in Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasadhar Majhi
- Department of Chemistry (UG & PG) Triveni Devi Bhalotia College Raniganj Kazi Nazrul University West Bengal 713347 India
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13
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Majhi S, Das D. Chemical derivatization of natural products: Semisynthesis and pharmacological aspects- A decade update. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Grützner R, Schubert R, Horn C, Yang C, Vogt T, Marillonnet S. Engineering Betalain Biosynthesis in Tomato for High Level Betanin Production in Fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682443. [PMID: 34177999 PMCID: PMC8220147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Betalains are pigments found in plants of the Caryophyllales order, and include the red-purple betacyanins and the yellow-orange betaxanthins. The red pigment from red beets, betanin, is made from tyrosine by a biosynthetic pathway that consists of a cytochrome P450, a L-DOPA dioxygenase, and a glucosyltransferase. The entire pathway was recently reconstituted in plants that do not make betalains naturally including potato and tomato plants. The amount of betanin produced in these plants was however not as high as in red beets. It was recently shown that a plastidic arogenate dehydrogenase gene involved in biosynthesis of tyrosine in plants is duplicated in Beta vulgaris and other betalain-producing plants, and that one of the two encoded enzymes, BvADHα, has relaxed feedback inhibition by tyrosine, contributing to the high amount of betanin found in red beets. We have reconstituted the complete betanin biosynthetic pathway in tomato plants with or without a BvADHα gene, and with all genes expressed under control of a fruit-specific promoter. The plants obtained with a construct containing BvADHα produced betanin at a higher level than plants obtained with a construct lacking this gene. These results show that use of BvADHα can be useful for high level production of betalains in heterologous hosts. Unlike red beets that produce both betacyanins and betaxanthins, the transformed tomatoes produced betacyanins only, conferring a bright purple-fuschia color to the tomato juice.
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15
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Gani U, Vishwakarma RA, Misra P. Membrane transporters: the key drivers of transport of secondary metabolites in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1-18. [PMID: 32959124 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent updates in the area of transporters of plant secondary metabolites, including their applied aspects in metabolic engineering of economically important secondary metabolites. Plants have evolved biosynthetic pathways to produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites, which serve distinct functions, including defense against pathogens and herbivory, thereby playing a pivotal role in plant ecological interactions. These compounds often display interesting bioactivities and, therefore, have been used as repositories of natural drugs and phytoceuticals for humans. At an elevated level, plant secondary metabolites could be cytotoxic to the plant cell itself; therefore, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to sequester these compounds to prevent cytotoxicity. Many of these valuable natural compounds and their precursors are biosynthesized and accumulated at diverse subcellular locations, and few are even transported to sink organs via long-distance transport, implying the involvement of compartmentalization via intra- and intercellular transport mechanisms. The transporter proteins belonging to different families of transporters, especially ATP binding cassette (ABC) and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) have been implicated in membrane-mediated transport of certain plant secondary metabolites. Despite increasing reports on the characterization of transporter proteins and their genes, our knowledge about the transporters of several medicinally and economically important plant secondary metabolites is still enigmatic. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the whole route of secondary metabolite transportome, in addition to the biosynthetic pathways, will aid in systematic and targeted metabolic engineering of high-value secondary metabolites. The present review embodies a comprehensive update on the progress made in the elucidation of transporters of secondary metabolites in view of basic and applied aspects of their transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Gani
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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16
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Mora-Ramiro B, Jiménez-Estrada M, Zentella-Dehesa A, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Rosiles-Alanis W, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, Almanza-Pérez JC. Cacalol Acetate, a Sesquiterpene from Psacalium decompositum, Exerts an Anti-inflammatory Effect through LPS/NF-KB Signaling in Raw 264.7 Macrophages. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2447-2455. [PMID: 32672964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases remain critical health problems worldwide. The search for anti-inflammatory drugs is a primary activity in the pharmaceutical industry. Cacalol is a sesquiterpene with anti-inflammatory potential that is isolated from Psacalium decompositum, a medicinal plant with several scientific reports supporting its anti-inflammatory activity. Cacalol acetate (CA) is the most stable form. Nevertheless, the participation of CA in the main signaling pathway associated with inflammation is unknown. Our aim was to study the anti-inflammatory effect of CA and to determine its participation in NF-κB signaling. In TPA-induced edema in mice, CA produced 70.3% inhibition. To elucidate the influence of CA on the NF-κB pathway, RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with CA and then stimulated with LPS, evaluating NF-ΚB activation, IKK phosphorylation, IΚB-α, p65, cytokine expression, and COX-2 release and activity. CA inhibited NF-κB activation and its upstream signaling, decreasing phosphorylation IKB-α and p65 levels. CA also reduced expression and secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Additionally, it decreased the activity and expression of COX-2 mRNA. These data support that CA regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway, which might explain, at least in part, its anti-inflammatory effect. CA is a bioactive molecule useful for the development of anti-inflammatory agents with innovative mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mora-Ramiro
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Division de CBS, UAM-Iztapalapa., San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Jiménez-Estrada
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, UNAM, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Zentella-Dehesa
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., 04510 Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, México
| | - J L Ventura-Gallegos
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., 04510 Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, México
| | - L E Gomez-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, CBS, UAM-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - W Rosiles-Alanis
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Division de CBS, UAM-Iztapalapa., San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F J Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de CBS, UAM-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de CBS, UAM-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
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17
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Holzmeyer L, Hartig AK, Franke K, Brandt W, Muellner-Riehl AN, Wessjohann LA, Schnitzler J. Evaluation of plant sources for antiinfective lead compound discovery by correlating phylogenetic, spatial, and bioactivity data. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12444-12451. [PMID: 32393619 PMCID: PMC7275773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915277117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and viral diseases are rising around the world and are becoming major threats to global health, food security, and development. One measure that has been suggested to mitigate this crisis is the development of new antibiotics. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns of antiinfective compounds from seed plants in one of the most species-rich regions on Earth and identify clades with naturally occurring substances potentially suitable for the development of new pharmaceutical compounds. Specifically, we combine taxonomic and phylogenetic data for >7,500 seed plant species from the flora of Java with >16,500 secondary metabolites and 6,255 georeferenced occurrence records to 1) identify clades in the phylogeny that are characterized by either an overrepresentation ("hot clades") or an underrepresentation ("cold clades") of antiinfective compounds and 2) assess the spatial patterns of plants with antiinfective compounds relative to total plant diversity across the region. Across the flora of Java, we identify 26 "hot clades" with plant species providing a high probability of finding antibiotic constituents. In addition, 24 "cold clades" constitute lineages with low numbers of reported activities but which have the potential to yield novel compounds. Spatial patterns of plant species and metabolite diversity are strongly correlated across Java, indicating that regions of highest species diversity afford the highest potential to discover novel natural products. Our results indicate that the combination of phylogenetic, spatial, and phytochemical information is a useful tool to guide the selection of taxa for efforts aimed at lead compound discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Holzmeyer
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Hartig
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexandra N Muellner-Riehl
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Alseekh S, Perez de Souza L, Benina M, Fernie AR. The style and substance of plant flavonoid decoration; towards defining both structure and function. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 174:112347. [PMID: 32203741 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over 8000 different flavonoids have been described and a considerable number of new flavonoid structures are being elucidated every year. The advent of metabolomics alongside the development of phytochemical genetics - wherein the genetic basis underlying the regulation of the levels of plant metabolites is determined - has provided a massive boost to such efforts. That said our understanding of the individual function(s) of the vast majority of the metabolites that constitute this important class of phytochemicals remains unknown. Here we review what is known concerning the major decorative modifications of flavonoids in plants, namely hydroxylation, glycosylation, methylation and acylation. Our major focus is with regard to the in planta function of these modified compounds, however, we also highlight the demonstrated bioactive roles which they possess. We additionally performed a comprehensive survey of the flavonoids listed in the KNApSAcK database in order to assess the frequency of occurrence of each type of flavonoid modification. We conclude that whilst considerable research has been carried out regarding the biological roles of flavonoids most studies to date have merely provided information on the compound class or sub-classes thereof as a whole with too little currently known on the specific role of individual metabolites. We, therefore, finally suggest a framework based on currently available tools by which the relative importance of the individual compounds can be assessed under various biological conditions in order to fill this knowledge-gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maria Benina
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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19
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Han J, Liu HT, Wang SC, Wang CR, Miao GP. A class I TGA transcription factor from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. modulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in both native and heterologous hosts. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110293. [PMID: 31779893 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Class I TGA transcription factors (TFs) are known to participate in plant resistance responses, however, their regulatory functions in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were rarely revealed. In this study, a class I TGA TF, TwTGA1, from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. was cloned and characterized. Overexpression of TwTGA1 in T. wilfordii Hook.f. cells increased the production of triptolide and two sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids, which was further enhanced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. RNA interference of TwTGA1 showed no significant effects on the production of these metabolites, indicating the existence of other TGA partner(s) with overlapping functions. Heterologous expression of TwTGA1 in tobacco By-2 cells promoted the biosynthesis of pyridine alkaloids. Under the elicitation of MeJA, the contents of nonpyrrolidine alkaloids further increased but not for nicotine. TwTGA1 could induce the expression of Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) and N-methylputrescine oxidase 1 (MPO1) through binding to their promoters. Finally, transient expression of TwTGA1 in leaves of Catharanthus roseus changed both the profiles of vinca alkaloids (increased contents of serpentine and catharanthine, but decreased that of vinblastine) and the expressions of biosynthesis-related genes. The metabolic and transcriptional data indicated a relationship between jasmonic acid signaling pathway and the functions of TwTGA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China
| | - Hai-Tao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China
| | - Shun-Chang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China
| | - Cheng-Run Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China
| | - Guo-Peng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China.
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20
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Rademacher T, Sack M, Blessing D, Fischer R, Holland T, Buyel J. Plant cell packs: a scalable platform for recombinant protein production and metabolic engineering. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1560-1566. [PMID: 30672078 PMCID: PMC6662111 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Industrial plant biotechnology applications include the production of sustainable fuels, complex metabolites and recombinant proteins, but process development can be impaired by a lack of reliable and scalable screening methods. Here, we describe a rapid and versatile expression system which involves the infusion of Agrobacterium tumefaciens into three-dimensional, porous plant cell aggregates deprived of cultivation medium, which we have termed plant cell packs (PCPs). This approach is compatible with different plant species such as Nicotiana tabacum BY2, Nicotiana benthamiana or Daucus carota and 10-times more effective than transient expression in liquid plant cell culture. We found that the expression of several proteins was similar in PCPs and intact plants, for example, 47 and 55 mg/kg for antibody 2G12 expressed in BY2 PCPs and N. tabacum plants respectively. Additionally, the expression of specific enzymes can either increase the content of natural plant metabolites or be used to synthesize novel small molecules in the PCPs. The PCP method is currently scalable from a microtiter plate format suitable for high-throughput screening to 150-mL columns suitable for initial product preparation. It therefore combined the speed of transient expression in plants with the throughput of microbial screening systems. Plant cell packs therefore provide a convenient new platform for synthetic biology approaches, metabolic engineering and conventional recombinant protein expression techniques that require the multiplex analysis of several dozen up to hundreds of constructs for efficient product and process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rademacher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Markus Sack
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- Present address:
Pro‐SPR GmbHSchulstrasse 3552477AlsdorfGermany
| | - Daniel Blessing
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Present address:
EPFL SV BMI LENAI 2127 (Bâtiment AI), Station 19CH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Present address:
Indiana Biosciences Research Institute1345 West 16th StreetIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Tanja Holland
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Present address:
Eppendorf AGBioprocess CenterRudolf‐Schulten‐Str. 552428JuelichGermany
| | - Johannes Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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21
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Gerasymenko I, Sheludko Y, Fräbel S, Staniek A, Warzecha H. Combinatorial biosynthesis of small molecules in plants: Engineering strategies and tools. Methods Enzymol 2019; 617:413-442. [PMID: 30784411 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetic capacity of plants, rooted in a near inexhaustible supply of photosynthetic energy and founded upon an intricate matrix of metabolic networks, makes them versatile chemists producing myriad specialized compounds. Along with tremendous success in elucidation of several plant biosynthetic routes, their reestablishment in heterologous hosts has been a hallmark of recent bioengineering endeavors. However, current efforts in the field are, in the main, aimed at grafting the pathways to fermentable recipient organisms, like bacteria or yeast. Conversely, while harboring orthologous metabolic trails, select plant species now emerge as viable vehicles for mobilization and engineering of complex biosynthetic pathways. Their distinctive features, like intricate cell compartmentalization and formation of specialized production and storage structures on tissue and organ level, make plants an especially promising chassis for the manufacture of considerable amounts of high-value natural small molecules. Inspired by the fundamental tenets of synthetic biology, capitalizing on the versatility of the transient plant transformation system, and drawing on the unique compartmentation of plant cells, we explore combinatorial approaches affording production of natural and new-to-nature, bespoke chemicals of potential importance. Here, we focus on the transient engineering of P450 monooxygenases, alone or in concert with other orthogonal catalysts, like tryptophan halogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Gerasymenko
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yuriy Sheludko
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Fräbel
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Agata Staniek
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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22
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Buyel JF. Plant Molecular Farming - Integration and Exploitation of Side Streams to Achieve Sustainable Biomanufacturing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1893. [PMID: 30713542 PMCID: PMC6345721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants have unique advantages over other systems such as mammalian cells for the production of valuable small molecules and proteins. The benefits cited most often include safety due to the absence of replicating human pathogens, simplicity because sterility is not required during production, scalability due to the potential for open-field cultivation with transgenic plants, and the speed of transient expression potentially providing gram quantities of product in less than 4 weeks. Initially there were also significant drawbacks, such as the need to clarify feed streams with a high particle burden and the large quantities of host cell proteins, but efficient clarification is now readily achieved. Several additional advantages have also emerged reflecting the fact that plants are essentially biodegradable, single-use bioreactors. This article will focus on the exploitation of this concept for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins, thus improving overall process economics. Specifically, we will discuss the single-use properties of plants, the sustainability of the production platform, and the commercial potential of different biomass side streams. We find that incorporating these side streams through rational process integration has the potential to more than double the revenue that can currently be achieved using plant-based production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Meelaph T, Kobtrakul K, Chansilpa NN, Han Y, Rani D, De-Eknamkul W, Vimolmangkang S. Coregulation of Biosynthetic Genes and Transcription Factors for Aporphine-Type Alkaloid Production in Wounded Lotus Provides Insight into the Biosynthetic Pathway of Nuciferine. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8794-8802. [PMID: 31459012 PMCID: PMC6644620 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) contains various bioactive compounds, with benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) as one of the major groups. The biosynthetic pathways of two major bioactive BIAs in this plant, nuciferine and N-nornuciferine, are still not clear. Therefore, several genes related to BIA biosynthesis were searched from the lotus database to study the role of key genes in regulating these pathways. In this study, the expression profiles of NCS, CNMT, 6OMT, CYP80G2, and WRKY TFs were investigated in mechanically wounded lotus leaves. It was found that the accumulation of nuciferine and N-nornuciferine significantly increased in the mechanically wounded lotus leaves in accordance with the relative expression of putative CYP80G2 and one WRKY transcription factor (NNU_24385), with the coregulation of CNMT. Furthermore, the role of methyltransferase-related genes in this study suggested that methylation of the isoquinoline nucleus to yield a methylated-BIA structure may occur at the N position before the O position. Altogether, this study provides improved understanding of the genes regulating BIA biosynthesis under stressed conditions, which could lead to improvements in BIA production from the commercial lotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitirat Meelaph
- Research
Unit for Natural Product Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Khwanlada Kobtrakul
- Research
Unit for Natural Product Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - N. Nopchai Chansilpa
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement
and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical
Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dolly Rani
- Research
Unit for Natural Product Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanchai De-Eknamkul
- Research
Unit for Natural Product Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Research
Unit for Natural Product Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Ferreira LE, Benincasa BI, Fachin AL, Contini SHT, França SC, Chagas ACS, Beleboni RO. Essential oils of Citrus aurantifolia, Anthemis nobile and Lavandula officinalis: in vitro anthelmintic activities against Haemonchus contortus. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:269. [PMID: 29695271 PMCID: PMC5918559 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections of sheep with gastrointestinal parasites, especially Haemonchus contortus, have caused serious losses in livestock production, particularly after the emergence of resistance to conventional anthelmintics. The search for new anthelmintic agents, especially those of botanical origin, has grown substantially due to the perspective of less contamination of meat and milk, as well as other advantages related to their cost and accessibility in less developed countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of essential oils of the plant species Citrus aurantifolia, Anthemis nobile and Lavandula officinalis against the main developmental stages of the parasite H. contortus. Results Plant species were selected based on substantial ethnopharmacological information. Analysis of the composition of each oil by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated the presence of limonene (56.37%), isobutyl angelate (29.26%) and linalool acetate (35.97%) as the major constituents in C. aurantifolia, A. nobile and L. officinalis, respectively. Different concentrations of each oil were tested in vitro for their capacity to inhibit egg hatching (EHT), larval development (LDT) and adult worm motility (AWMT) using a multidrug-resistant strain of H. contortus (Embrapa 2010). The IC50 values obtained for the oils of C. aurantifolia, A. nobile and L. officinalis were 0.694, 0.842 and 0.316 mg/ml in the EHT and 0.044, 0.117 and 0.280 mg/ml in the LDT, respectively. The three oils were able to inhibit adult worm motility completely within the first 8–12 h of observation in the AWMT. Conclusions The present results demonstrate significant anthelmintic activity of the three oils against the different developmental stages of H. contortus. Furthermore, this study is of ethnopharmacological importance by validating the anthelmintic activity of the oils studied. Although new experiments are necessary, these data contribute to the development of pharmaceutical-veterinary products for sheep farming by opening up new therapeutic possibilities against gastrointestinal infections caused by H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Ferreira
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Iglesias Benincasa
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Fachin
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Suzelei Castro França
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rene Oliveira Beleboni
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Fräbel S, Wagner B, Krischke M, Schmidts V, Thiele CM, Staniek A, Warzecha H. Engineering of new-to-nature halogenated indigo precursors in plants. Metab Eng 2018; 46:20-27. [PMID: 29466700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants are versatile chemists producing a tremendous variety of specialized compounds. Here, we describe the engineering of entirely novel metabolic pathways in planta enabling generation of halogenated indigo precursors as non-natural plant products. Indican (indolyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) is a secondary metabolite characteristic of a number of dyers plants. Its deglucosylation and subsequent oxidative dimerization leads to the blue dye, indigo. Halogenated indican derivatives are commonly used as detection reagents in histochemical and molecular biology applications; their production, however, relies largely on chemical synthesis. To attain the de novo biosynthesis in a plant-based system devoid of indican, we employed a sequence of enzymes from diverse sources, including three microbial tryptophan halogenases substituting the amino acid at either C5, C6, or C7 of the indole moiety. Subsequent processing of the halotryptophan by bacterial tryptophanase TnaA in concert with a mutant of the human cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 2A6 and glycosylation of the resulting indoxyl derivatives by an endogenous tobacco glucosyltransferase yielded corresponding haloindican variants in transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Accumulation levels were highest when the 5-halogenase PyrH was utilized, reaching 0.93 ± 0.089 mg/g dry weight of 5-chloroindican. The identity of the latter was unambiguously confirmed by NMR analysis. Moreover, our combinatorial approach, facilitated by the modular assembly capabilities of the GoldenBraid cloning system and inspired by the unique compartmentation of plant cells, afforded testing a number of alternative subcellular localizations for pathway design. In consequence, chloroplasts were validated as functional biosynthetic venues for haloindican, with the requisite reducing augmentation of the halogenases as well as the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase fulfilled by catalytic systems native to the organelle. Thus, our study puts forward a viable alternative production platform for halogenated fine chemicals, eschewing reliance on fossil fuel resources and toxic chemicals. We further contend that in planta generation of halogenated indigoid precursors previously unknown to nature offers an extended view on and, indeed, pushes forward the established frontiers of biosynthetic capacity of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Fräbel
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bastian Wagner
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Krischke
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut der Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Volker Schmidts
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Agata Staniek
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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26
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Plants as sources of natural and recombinant anti-cancer agents. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:506-520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Genetically Transformed Root-Based Culture Technology in Medicinal Plant Cosmos bipinnatus. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.67182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Baudisch B, Pfort I, Sorge E, Conrad U. Nanobody-Directed Specific Degradation of Proteins by the 26S-Proteasome in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:130. [PMID: 29479361 PMCID: PMC5811635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present data showing the directed degradation of target proteins recognized by a specific nanobody in transgenic plants. Green fluorescent protein was depleted by a chimeric nanobody fused to a distinct F-box domain, which enables protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. This technique could thus be used to knock out other proteins of interest in planta using specific, high-affinity binding proteins.
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Green Routes for the Production of Enantiopure Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112464. [PMID: 29156609 PMCID: PMC5713430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are among the most important plant secondary metabolites, in that they include a number of biologically active substances widely employed as pharmaceuticals. Isolation of BIAs from their natural sources is an expensive and time-consuming procedure as they accumulate in very low levels in plant. Moreover, total synthesis is challenging due to the presence of stereogenic centers. In view of these considerations, green and scalable methods for BIA synthesis using fully enzymatic approaches are getting more and more attention. The aim of this paper is to review fully enzymatic strategies for producing the benzylisoquinoline central precursor, (S)-norcoclaurine and its derivatives. Specifically, we will detail the current status of synthesis of BIAs in microbial hosts as well as using isolated and recombinant enzymes.
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31
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Recent Trends in Pharmacological Activity of Alkaloids in Animal Colitis: Potential Use for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8528210. [PMID: 28191024 PMCID: PMC5278565 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8528210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and disrupted inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD have two main conditions, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and have been extensively investigated in recent years. Antibiotics derived from salicylates, steroids, immunosuppressors, and anti-TNF therapy are part of the therapeutic arsenal for IBD. However, very often patients stop responding to treatments over the time. In this context, searching for alternative agents is crucial for IBD clinical management. Natural products derived from medicinal plants are an interesting therapeutic alternative, since several studies have proven effective treatments in animal models of intestinal inflammation. Several naturally occurring compounds are potent antioxidants, both as free radical scavengers and as modulators of antioxidant enzymes expression and activity. A number of natural compounds have also been proved to inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines, decreasing the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which is important to the inflammatory response in IBD. The alkaloids are substances of a very diverse class of plant secondary metabolites; an extensive list of biological activities has been attributed to alkaloids, such as being anticholinergic, antitumor, diuretic, antiviral, antihypertensive, antiulcer, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory. In the present work, studies on the pharmacological activity of alkaloids in experimental models of IBD were reviewed.
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Dziggel C, Schäfer H, Wink M. Tools of pathway reconstruction and production of economically relevant plant secondary metabolites in recombinant microorganisms. Biotechnol J 2016; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Dziggel
- Heidelberg University; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Holger Schäfer
- Heidelberg University; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; Heidelberg Germany
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Zhang L, Chen J, Zhou X, Chen X, Li Q, Tan H, Dong X, Xiao Y, Chen L, Chen W. Dynamic metabolic and transcriptomic profiling of methyl jasmonate-treated hairy roots reveals synthetic characters and regulators of lignan biosynthesis in Isatis indigotica Fort. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:2217-2227. [PMID: 27155368 PMCID: PMC5103230 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A molecular description of lignan biosynthesis in Isatis indigotica displaying its synthetic characteristics and regulatory mechanism is of great importance for the improvement of the production of this class of active compounds. To discover the potential key catalytic steps and regulatory genes, I. indigotica hairy roots elicited by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were used as a source of systematic variation for exploring the metabolic/transcriptional changes and candidate genes that might play key roles in lignan biosynthesis. The reprogramming modulated by MeJA was classified into three distinct phases, referred to as signal responding, transcriptional activation of metabolic pathways and accumulation of metabolites. Candidate genes were pooled according to the three phases and applied to co-expression network analysis. In total, 17 genes were identified as hub genes. 4CL3 was selected to validate its impact on lignan biosynthesis. RNAi of 4CL3 resulted in a significant reduction in lignan production. Taken together with its catalytic property, a major route of lignan biosynthesis in I. indigotica was highlighted, which was catalysed by 4CL3 via the esterization of caffeic acid. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into lignan biosynthesis as well as potential targets for metabolic engineering in I. indigotica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qing Li
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hexin Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Dong
- Analysis and Testing CenterSchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Langdong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of PharmacyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Saveleva NV, Burlakovskiy MS, Yemelyanov VV, Lutova LA. Transgenic plants as bioreactors to produce substances for medical and veterinary uses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079059716060071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Ferreira LE, Benincasa BI, Fachin AL, França SC, Contini SS, Chagas AC, Beleboni RO. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its main component thymol: Anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus from sheep. Vet Parasitol 2016; 228:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Warzecha H. Lights, P450, action! Metabolite formation in chloroplasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2123-5. [PMID: 27022183 PMCID: PMC4809302 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3-5, 64285 Darmstadt, Germany
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37
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Geissler M, Burghard M, Volk J, Staniek A, Warzecha H. A novel cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)-like reductase contributes to the structural diversity of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Rauvolfia. PLANTA 2016; 243:813-24. [PMID: 26715562 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on findings described herein, we contend that the reduction of vomilenine en route to antiarrhythmic ajmaline in planta might proceed via an alternative, novel sequence of biosynthetic steps. In the genus Rauvolfia, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) are formed via complex biosynthetic sequences. Despite the wealth of information about the biochemistry and molecular genetics underlying these processes, many reaction steps involving oxygenases and oxidoreductases are still elusive. Here, we describe molecular cloning and characterization of three cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)-like reductases from Rauvolfia serpentina cell culture and R. tetraphylla roots. Functional analysis of the recombinant proteins, with a set of MIAs as potential substrates, led to identification of one of the enzymes as a CAD, putatively involved in lignin formation. The two remaining reductases comprise isoenzymes derived from orthologous genes of the investigated alternative Rauvolfia species. Their catalytic activity consists of specific conversion of vomilenine to 19,20-dihydrovomilenine, thus proving their exclusive involvement in MIA biosynthesis. The obtained data suggest the existence of a previously unknown bypass in the biosynthetic route to ajmaline further expanding structural diversity within the MIA family of specialized plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Geissler
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3-5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marie Burghard
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3-5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jascha Volk
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3-5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Agata Staniek
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3-5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3-5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Wlodarczyk A, Gnanasekaran T, Nielsen AZ, Zulu NN, Mellor SB, Luckner M, Thøfner JFB, Olsen CE, Mottawie MS, Burow M, Pribil M, Feussner I, Møller BL, Jensen PE. Metabolic engineering of light-driven cytochrome P450 dependent pathways into Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Metab Eng 2016; 33:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gnanasekaran T, Vavitsas K, Andersen-Ranberg J, Nielsen AZ, Olsen CE, Hamberger B, Jensen PE. Heterologous expression of the isopimaric acid pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana and the effect of N-terminal modifications of the involved cytochrome P450 enzyme. J Biol Eng 2015; 9:24. [PMID: 26702299 PMCID: PMC4688937 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-015-0022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant terpenoids are known for their diversity, stereochemical complexity, and their commercial interest as pharmaceuticals, food additives, and cosmetics. Developing biotechnology approaches for the production of these compounds in heterologous hosts can increase their market availability, reduce their cost, and provide sustainable production platforms. In this context, we aimed at producing the antimicrobial diterpenoid isopimaric acid from Sitka spruce. Isopimaric acid is synthesized using geranylgeranyl diphosphate as a precursor molecule that is cyclized by a diterpene synthase in the chloroplast and subsequently oxidized by a cytochrome P450, CYP720B4. Results We transiently expressed the isopimaric acid pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and enhanced its productivity by the expression of two rate-limiting steps in the pathway (providing the general precursor of diterpenes). This co-expression resulted in 3-fold increase in the accumulation of both isopimaradiene and isopimaric acid detected using GC-MS and LC-MS methodology. We also showed that modifying or deleting the transmembrane helix of CYP720B4 does not alter the enzyme activity and led to successful accumulation of isopimaric acid in the infiltrated leaves. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a modified membrane anchor is a prerequisite for a functional CYP720B4 enzyme when the chloroplast targeting peptide is added. We report the accumulation of 45–55 μg/g plant dry weight of isopimaric acid four days after the infiltration with the modified enzymes. Conclusions It is possible to localize a diterpenoid pathway from spruce fully within the chloroplast of N. benthamiana and a few modifications of the N-terminal sequences of the CYP720B4 can facilitate the expression of plant P450s in the plastids. The coupling of terpene biosynthesis closer to photosynthesis paves the way for light-driven biosynthesis of valuable terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Gnanasekaran
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Vavitsas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Present address: Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 371 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Boland MR, Jacunski A, Lorberbaum T, Romano JD, Moskovitch R, Tatonetti NP. Systems biology approaches for identifying adverse drug reactions and elucidating their underlying biological mechanisms. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 8:104-22. [PMID: 26559926 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules are indispensable to modern medical therapy. However, their use may lead to unintended, negative medical outcomes commonly referred to as adverse drug reactions (ADRs). These effects vary widely in mechanism, severity, and populations affected, making ADR prediction and identification important public health concerns. Current methods rely on clinical trials and postmarket surveillance programs to find novel ADRs; however, clinical trials are limited by small sample size, whereas postmarket surveillance methods may be biased and inherently leave patients at risk until sufficient clinical evidence has been gathered. Systems pharmacology, an emerging interdisciplinary field combining network and chemical biology, provides important tools to uncover and understand ADRs and may mitigate the drawbacks of traditional methods. In particular, network analysis allows researchers to integrate heterogeneous data sources and quantify the interactions between biological and chemical entities. Recent work in this area has combined chemical, biological, and large-scale observational health data to predict ADRs in both individual patients and global populations. In this review, we explore the rapid expansion of systems pharmacology in the study of ADRs. We enumerate the existing methods and strategies and illustrate progress in the field with a model framework that incorporates crucial data elements, such as diet and comorbidities, known to modulate ADR risk. Using this framework, we highlight avenues of research that may currently be underexplored, representing opportunities for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Regina Boland
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Observational Health Data Science and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Jacunski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tal Lorberbaum
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Romano
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Moskovitch
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas P Tatonetti
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Observational Health Data Science and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, USA
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Synthetic biology advances for pharmaceutical production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 35:46-51. [PMID: 25744872 PMCID: PMC4617476 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology is quickly moving from proof of concept to industrial application. Pharmaceuticals are a promising target for advanced genetic engineering. Genome sequence data indicate vast underexploited biosynthetic capacity. Synthetic biology can create libraries of novel chemicals enriched for bioactivity. Synthetic biology expands the range of available chassis organisms for industry.
Synthetic biology enables a new generation of microbial engineering for the biotechnological production of pharmaceuticals and other high-value chemicals. This review presents an overview of recent advances in the field, describing new computational and experimental tools for the discovery, optimization and production of bioactive molecules, and outlining progress towards the application of these tools to pharmaceutical production systems.
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Dominguez PG, Carrari F. ASR1 transcription factor and its role in metabolism. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e992751. [PMID: 25794140 PMCID: PMC4623331 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.992751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Asr1 (ABA, stress, ripening) is a plant gene widely distributed in many species which was discovered by differential induction levels in tomato plants subjected to drought stress conditions. ASR1 also regulates the expression of a hexose transporter in grape and is involved in sugar and amino acid accumulation in some species like maize and potato. The control that ASR1 exerts on hexose transport is interesting from a biotechnological perspective because both sugar partitioning and content in specific organs affect the yield and the quality of many agronomically important crops. ASR1 affect plant metabolism by its dual activity as a transcription factor and as a chaperone-like protein. In this paper, we review possible mechanisms by which ASR1 affects metabolism, the differences observed among tissues and species, and the possible physiological implications of its role in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Guadalupe Dominguez
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA); and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Castelar, Argentina
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA); and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Castelar, Argentina
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Häusler RE, Ludewig F, Krueger S. Amino acids--a life between metabolism and signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 229:225-237. [PMID: 25443849 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids serve as constituents of proteins, precursors for anabolism, and, in some cases, as signaling molecules in mammalians and plants. This review is focused on new insights, or speculations, on signaling functions of serine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and phenylalanine-derived phenylpropanoids. Serine acts as signal in brain tissue and mammalian cancer cells. In plants, de novo serine biosynthesis is also highly active in fast growing tissues such as meristems, suggesting a similar role of serine as in mammalians. GABA functions as inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. In plants, GABA is also abundant and seems to be involved in sexual reproduction, cell elongation, patterning and cell identity. The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are precursors for the production of secondary plant products. Besides their pharmaceutical value, lignans, neolignans and hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA) deriving from phenylpropanoid metabolism and, in the case of HCAA, also from arginine have been shown to fulfill signaling functions or are involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. Although some basics on phenylpropanoid-derived signaling have been described, little is known on recognition- or signal transduction mechanisms. In general, mutant- and transgenic approaches will be helpful to elucidate the mechanistic basis of metabolite signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer E Häusler
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
From plant biotechnology to bio-based products - this Special Issue of Biotechnology Journal is dedicated to plant biotechnology and is edited by Prof. Eva Stöger (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria). The Special Issue covers a wide range of topics in plant biotechnology, including metabolic engineering of biosynthesis pathways in plants; taking advantage of the scalability of the plant system for the production of innovative materials; as well as the regulatory challenges and society acceptance of plant biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Stöger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Staniek A, Bouwmeester H, Fraser PD, Kayser O, Martens S, Tissier A, van der Krol S, Wessjohann L, Warzecha H. Natural products - learning chemistry from plants. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:326-36. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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