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Cross FL, Esqueda AP, Ku CP, Hunt R, Lucio J, Williams CE, Bailey S, Williamson S, Marsh EE, Resnicow K. "Life as We Knew It": Continued Challenges in Getting Up-to-Date COVID-19 Vaccinations Amongst Black and Latinx Michigan Residents. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02157-z. [PMID: 39227548 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minority communities are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. In Michigan in 2024, 59% of Latinx residents, 46% of Black residents, and 57% of White residents have received at least one dose of the vaccine. However, just 7% of Black residents and 6% of Latinx residents report being up-to-date per CDC definition, versus 13% of White residents. Drawing from protection motivation theory, we aimed to identify barriers to COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS Interviews with 24 Black and 10 Latinx Michigan residents self-reported as not up-to-date (n = 15) or up-to-date (n = 19) on COVID-19 vaccines were conducted in 2022-2023. We used a community-based participatory approach in collaboration with 16 leaders from 15 organizations to develop research questions, interview protocols, and methods for data collection and analysis. Thematic coding of interviews was conducted. RESULTS Findings indicate participants' lack of confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine's efficacy, with those not up-to-date expressing greater doubt. Participants were also concerned about vaccine benefits versus risks, safety, and side effects. Distrust in medicine, confusion about public health guidelines, and conspiracy theories were often reported. Younger unvaccinated individuals cited low health risk as reason to remain unvaccinated. Many participants felt that health education, especially through medical professionals, was beneficial. CONCLUSION There is great need for more data to make informed decisions given ongoing lack of understanding of the public health benefits of COVID-19 vaccination. Identifying drivers of vaccine uptake, particularly boosters, in communities of color and developing age-appropriate and culturally responsive interventions to increase vaccination rates are of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda L Cross
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - C P Ku
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca Hunt
- Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel Lucio
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erica E Marsh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth Resnicow
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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2
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Ma MZ, Chen SX, Wang X. Collective pronouns, collective health actions: Predicting pandemic precautionary measures through online first-person plural pronoun usage across U.S. states. Soc Sci Med 2024; 357:117167. [PMID: 39116701 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the role of group identification in shaping collective health behaviors. Using the novel Pronoun-Influenced Collective Health Model - an integrated framework combining elements from health and social psychology theories - we investigated the relationship between online first-person plural pronoun usage and adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures across the United States. Analyzing weekly Google Trends data on English (Study 1) and Spanish (Study 2) first-person pronoun searches, alongside data on adherence to pandemic precautionary measures from early 2020 to late 2022, we found significant positive associations between relative first-person plural pronoun search volumes and adherence to social distancing, stay-at-home orders, vaccination rates, and proactive disease prevention information seeking. These associations remained robust after adjusting for potential confounding factors. A mini meta-analysis (Study 3) confirmed the consistency of our findings, revealing no significant moderation effects by language context or ecological-socio-cultural factors, suggesting broad generalizability. The implications of this research highlight the potential for tracking online collective language as a valuable indicator of and proxy for societal-level health engagement during crises. This novel digital linguistics approach, synergistically combining applied health and social psychology with big data from digital platforms such as Google, offers powerful tools for monitoring collective health actions across linguistic and cultural boundaries during large-scale health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac Zewei Ma
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Mental Health Research Centre (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Sylvia Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Mental Health Research Centre (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Xijing Wang
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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3
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Rizzo M, Gattino S, Trombetta T, Calandri E, De Piccoli N. Psychosocial dimensions of vaccine hesitancy: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 52:857-876. [PMID: 38988066 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite widely recognised effectiveness against the spread of COVID-19, vaccine hesitancy persists. This systematic literature review aimed to clarify the definition and the operationalisation of the term 'vaccine hesitancy' and disclose the various psychosocial factors underlying this phenomenon. The results of studies conducted in European countries and in the United States after the vaccines became available were taken into account. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. efinitions and measures of vaccine hesitancy differed across the studies, limiting their comparison. Nonetheless, by drawing on theoretical frameworks, we were able to identify several psychosocial variables in determining vaccine hesitancy. Our findings point to the need for a transdisciplinary approach to understanding the antecedents of vaccine hesitancy. A better understanding of the phenomenon may help to develop interventions and social policies to address a complex challenge such as vaccination hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rizzo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Gattino
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Maar M, Bourdon C, Berti J, Bisaillon E, Boesch L, Boston A, Chapdelaine J, Humphrey A, Kumar S, Maar-Jackson B, Martell R, Naokwegijig B, Preet Kaur D, Rice S, Rickaby B, Sutherland M, Reade M. Creating a Culturally Safe Online Data Collection Instrument to Measure Vaccine Confidence Among Indigenous Youth: Indigenous Consensus Method. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e52884. [PMID: 39133917 PMCID: PMC11347907 DOI: 10.2196/52884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participating in surveys can shape the perception of participants related to the study topic. Administering a vaccine hesitancy questionnaire can have negative impacts on participants' vaccine confidence. This is particularly true for online and cross-cultural data collection because culturally safe health education to correct misinformation is typically not provided after the administration of an electronic survey. OBJECTIVE To create a culturally safe, online, COVID-19 vaccine confidence survey for Indigenous youth designed to collect authentic, culturally relevant data of their vaccine experiences, with a low risk of contributing to further vaccine confusion among participants. METHODS Using the Aboriginal Telehealth Knowledge Circle consensus method, a team of academics, health care providers, policy makers, and community partners reviewed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy surveys used in public health research, analyzed potential risks, and created a framework for electronic Indigenous vaccine confidence surveys as well as survey items. RESULTS The framework for safer online survey items is based on 2 principles, a first do-no-harm approach and applying a strengths-based lens. Relevant survey domains identified in the process include sociodemographic information, participants' connection to their community, preferred sources for health information, vaccination uptake among family members and peers, as well as personal attitudes toward vaccines. A total of 44 survey items were developed, including 5 open-ended items to improve the authenticity of the data and the analysis of the experiences of Indigenous youth. CONCLUSIONS Using an Indigenous consensus method, we have developed an online COVID-19 vaccine confidence survey with culturally relevant domains and reduced the risk of amplifying misinformation and negative impacts on vaccine confidence among Indigenous participants. Our approach can be adapted to other online survey development in collaboration with Indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Maar
- Human Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Caleigh Bourdon
- Undergraduate Medical Education, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Joahnna Berti
- Debajehmujig Storytellers, Debajehmujig Theatre Group, Manitowaning, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Bisaillon
- Interdisciplinary Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Boesch
- Human Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Alicia Boston
- Public Health Sudbury & Districts, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Postgraduate Medical Education, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert Martell
- Interdisciplinary Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Naokwegijig
- Debajehmujig Storytellers, Debajehmujig Theatre Group, Manitowaning, ON, Canada
| | - Davinder Preet Kaur
- Postgraduate Medical Education, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Rice
- Public Health Sudbury & Districts, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Rickaby
- School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | | | - Maurianne Reade
- Clinical Sciences Divison, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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5
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D'souza S, Ghatole B, Raghuram H, Parakh S, Tugnawat D, Shaikh A, Singh S, Bandewar SS, Bhan A. COVID-19 Vaccine decision-making: trust among the transgender and disability communities in India. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION IN HEALTHCARE 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38597810 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2024.2335784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historical marginalisation and ongoing trust deficits in health and government systems shape present-day vaccine perceptions among marginalised communities. This paper sought to understand the role of trust in decision-making about COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the transgender and disability communities in India. METHODS Using a participatory approach we interviewed 24 community representatives, identifying themselves as transgender individuals or as persons with disability, and 21 key informants such as vaccine programme managers, vaccine providers, and community advocates. We undertook an inductive thematic analysis of the data using a socio-ecological model. RESULTS Fear of side effects in relation to specific needs of the two communities and mistrust of systems involved in vaccination shaped four different pathways for vaccine decision-making. Mistrust of systems was influenced by past negative experiences with the health system, creating contexts in which information and misinformation are shared and interpreted. Participants negotiated their doubts about safety and mistrust of systems by interacting with different sources of influence showing patterns of decision-making that are dynamic, context-dependent, and intersectional. CONCLUSION These findings will help in determining the content, strategies and approaches to equitable vaccine communication for these two communities. The two communities ought to be included in vaccine trials. Vaccine information must respond to the specific needs of these two communities which could be enabled by collaboration and engagement with community members and influencers. Finally, long-term investment towards the needs of marginalised communities is vital to dismantle cycles of marginalisation and distrust and in turn improve vaccine acceptance and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharin D'souza
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
| | - Bhakti Ghatole
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
| | - Harikeerthan Raghuram
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
| | - Sana Parakh
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
| | - Deepak Tugnawat
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
| | - Aqsa Shaikh
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Satendra Singh
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
- Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Sheel Bandewar
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
- Forum for Medical Ethics Society, Mumbai, India
- Vidhayak Trust, Pune, India
| | - Anant Bhan
- Initiative for Health Equity Advocacy and Research, Bhopal Hub, Sangath, Bhopal, India
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6
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Liu RW, Cheng Y, Foerster TA. Modeling the Relationship Between Perceived Descriptive Norms and Willingness to Practice COVID-19 Preventative Behaviors: A Test of the Mediation and Moderation Mechanisms in the Theory of Normative Social Behavior. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:339-351. [PMID: 36628486 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2165257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Social norm has been found to impact compliance with COVID-19 preventative behaviors, including handwashing, wearing a face mask, social distancing, and cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces. There is, however, a limited understanding of the social norm influence mechanisms and its boundary condition in the context of COVID-19. Guided by the theory of normative social behaviors (TNSB), this study conducted an online survey (N = 336) to examine whether perceived injunctive norms (PIN), outcome expectation (OE), group identity (GID), group orientation (GO), and cultural tightness-looseness (CTL) can moderate and/or mediate the relationship between perceived descriptive norms (PDN) and behavioral intentions (BI) to perform COVID-19 preventative behaviors in the United States. Results showed that whereas OE mediated the PDN-BI relationship to enact all four focal behaviors, PIN mediated the PDN-BI relationship for social distancing, wearing a face mask, and cleaning and disinfecting. However, inconsistent with the predictions, all five moderators (i.e. PIN, OE, GO, GID, and CTL) attenuated, instead of strengthening, the PDN-BI relationships for particular preventative behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rain Wuyu Liu
- Department of Communication, The University of Arizona
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Management, California State University, San Bernardino
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7
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Rios-Zertuche D, Daga G, Iorillo F, Aguilar Rivera AM, Diaz-Musa M, Largaespada Beer N, López Boo F, Sabido J. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination in Belize. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100380. [PMID: 37693845 PMCID: PMC10483062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We analyzed the factors associated with vaccine uptake, vaccination intention, and reasons for vaccine hesitancy in Belize. Methods We collected a nationally representative household survey of the population in Belize aged 15 years and older (September-October 2021). We compared potential correlates between vaccinated and unvaccinated people using Chi-square tests. Then, we performed logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with vaccination uptake among all respondents and vaccination intention among the unvaccinated. Results Our analysis included data from 1261 interviews. Nearly four out of every five people reported being vaccinated, having received at least one dose. Adolescents and young adults were more likely to be unvaccinated. Significant differences were observed for most behavioral variables. Among the 41.7% of the unvaccinated respondents who said they would probably not or definitely not get vaccinated, the primary reason for their hesitation was fear of side effects. Additionally, almost one third of the unvaccinated individuals expressed a lack of trust in vaccines. Factors associated with increased likelihood of vaccination were efficacy beliefs, self-efficacy and vaccine attitudes. People who believed it was easy to get a vaccine were over 23 times (OR 23.63 [95% CI: 14.21-39.27]) more likely to be vaccinated, while those who believed in vaccine safety were 2.57 times [OR 95% CI: 1.52-4.35] more likely to be vaccinated. Among the unvaccinated, factors associated with intention to get vaccinated were self-identifying as Garifuna and having clear efficacy beliefs. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study describing factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake and vaccine hesitancy in Belize. Our findings revealed that accessibility has been the primary limitation in increasing vaccine coverage, and <7% of the eligible population have been strong vaccine deniers. To enhance vaccine uptake, targeted outreach efforts are necessary to address access barriers. Our results call for increased efforts improving self-efficacy, efficacy beliefs, and perceived norms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuliana Daga
- Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, USA
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8
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Yuan J, Dong M, Wong IOL, Cowing BJ, Lam WWT, Ni MY, Liao Q. Can psychological distress account for the associations between COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and socio-economic vulnerability? Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1583-1602. [PMID: 37142547 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Socially disadvantaged individuals and communities consistently showed lower COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. We aimed to examine the psychological mechanisms that could explain such vaccination disparities. This study used data from serial population-based surveys conducted since the COVID-19 vaccination programme being launched in Hong Kong (N = 28,734). We first assessed the correlations of community-level and individual-level social vulnerability with COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was then conducted to test whether psychological distress measured by PHQ-4 can account for the associations between participants' socio-economic vulnerability and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. The third part analysis examined whether perceived negativity of vaccine-related news and affect towards COVID-19 vaccines accounted for the association between psychological distress and COVID-19 vaccination. Communities with higher social vulnerability scores and participants who had more vulnerable socio-economic status showed lower COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. Individuals with more vulnerable socio-economic status reported higher psychological distress, which lowered COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. Furthermore, higher psychological distress was associated with lower vaccination acceptance through its psychological mechanisms of processing vaccine-related information. We proposed a renewed focus on tackling psychological distress rather than merely increasing vaccine accessibility in more socio-economic-disadvantaged groups for promoting COVID-19 vaccination acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehu Yuan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meihong Dong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Oi Ling Wong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowing
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wendy Wing Tak Lam
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Jockey Club Institute of Cancer Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Y Ni
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuyan Liao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ng QX, Ng CX, Ong C, Lee DYX, Liew TM. Examining Public Messaging on Influenza Vaccine over Social Media: Unsupervised Deep Learning of 235,261 Twitter Posts from 2017 to 2023. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1518. [PMID: 37896922 PMCID: PMC10610639 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although influenza vaccines are safe and efficacious, vaccination rates have remained low globally. Today, with the advent of new media, many individuals turn to social media for personal health questions and information. However, misinformation may be rife, and health communications may be suboptimal. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the public messaging related to influenza vaccines by organizations over Twitter, which may have a far-reaching influence. The theoretical framework of the COM-B (capacity, opportunity, and motivation component of behavior) model was used to interpret the findings to aid the design of messaging strategies. Employing search terms such as "flu jab", "flu vaccine", "influenza vaccine", and '" influenza jab", tweets posted in English and by organizations from 1 January 2017 to 1 March 2023 were extracted and analyzed. Using topic modeling, a total of 235,261 tweets by organizations over Twitter were grouped into four main topics: publicizing campaigns to encourage influenza vaccination, public education on the safety of influenza vaccine during pregnancy, public education on the appropriate age to receive influenza vaccine, and public education on the importance of influenza vaccine during pregnancy. Although there were no glaring pieces of misinformation or misconceptions, the current public messaging covered a rather limited scope. Further information could be provided about influenza and the benefits of vaccination (capability), promoting community, pharmacist-led influenza vaccination, and other avenues (opportunity), and providing greater incentivization and support for vaccination (motivation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang Ng
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Clara Xinyi Ng
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Clarence Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Dawn Yi Xin Lee
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Tau Ming Liew
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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10
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Hammoud MA, Wells N, Holt M, Bavinton B, Jin F, Maher L, Philpot S, Haire B, Degenhardt L, Bourne A, Saxton P, Keen P, Storer D, Prestage G. COVID-19 Testing in a Weekly Cohort Study of Gay and Bisexual Men: The Impact of Health-Seeking Behaviors and Social Connection. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:948-956. [PMID: 36048292 PMCID: PMC9434557 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) have developed community norms for regular HIV/STI testing. We investigated factors associated with self-reported COVID-19 testing in response to reported COVID-19 cases and public health restrictions. Participants responded to weekly cohort surveys between 10th May 2021 and 27th September 2021. We used the Andersen-Gill extensions to the Cox proportional hazards model for multivariable survival data to predict factors influencing COVID-19 testing. Mean age of the 942 study participants was 45.6 years (SD: 13.9). In multivariable analysis, GBM were more likely to report testing during periods of high COVID-19 caseload in their state of residence; if they were younger; university educated; close contact of someone with COVID-19; or reported coping with COVID-19 poorly. COVID-19 testing was higher among men who: were more socially engaged with other GBM; had a higher proportion of friends willing to vaccinate against COVID-19; and were willing to contact sexual partners for contact tracing. Social connection with other gay men was associated with COVID-19 testing, similar to what has been observed throughout the HIV epidemic, making community networks a potential focus for the promotion of COVID-19 safe practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hammoud
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building UNSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Nathanael Wells
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building UNSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Martin Holt
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin Bavinton
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building UNSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fengyi Jin
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building UNSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa Maher
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building UNSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven Philpot
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building UNSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bridget Haire
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building UNSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam Bourne
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Saxton
- Department of Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Phillip Keen
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building UNSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Storer
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building UNSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Garrett Prestage
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building UNSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Henkel L, Sprengholz P, Korn L, Betsch C, Böhm R. The association between vaccination status identification and societal polarization. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:231-239. [PMID: 36329314 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Public discord between those vaccinated and those unvaccinated for COVID-19 has intensified globally. Theories of intergroup relations propose that identifying with one's social group plays a key role in the perceptions and behaviours that fuel intergroup conflict. We test whether identification with one's vaccination status is associated with current societal polarization. The study draws on panel data from samples of vaccinated (n = 3,267) and unvaccinated (n = 2,038) respondents in Germany and Austria that were collected in December 2021 and February, March and July 2022. The findings confirm that vaccination status identification (VSI) explains substantial variance in a range of polarizing attitudes and behaviours. VSI was also related to higher psychological reactance toward mandatory vaccination policies among the unvaccinated. Higher levels of VSI reduced the gap between intended and actual counterbehaviours over time by the unvaccinated. VSI appears to be an important measure for predicting behavioural responses to vaccination policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Henkel
- Department of Economics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Sprengholz
- Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany. .,Health Communication, Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lars Korn
- Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.,Health Communication, Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Cornelia Betsch
- Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.,Health Communication, Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Böhm
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Zhang N, Jiang T, Zhang Y, Zhao G. Residential mobility predicts COVID-19 and seasonal flu vaccination behaviors in the United States. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1064962. [PMID: 36777774 PMCID: PMC9911524 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1064962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies to contain the transmission of infectious diseases; however, people's intentions and behavior for vaccination vary across different regions and countries around the world. It is not clear how socioecological factors such as residential mobility influence people's vaccination behaviors for infectious diseases. Methods We analyzed public data on residential mobility and vaccination rates for COVID-19 and seasonal flu in the United States and explored how residential mobility in the previous year influenced vaccination rates for COVID-19 and seasonal flu (2011-2018) across 50 states of the US. The data were accessed and analyzed in 2021. Results Study 1 demonstrated that collective-level residential mobility predicted COVID-19 vaccination rates across the United States (B = -168.162, 95% CI [-307.097, -29.227], adjusted R 2 = 0.091, p = 0.019). Study 2 corroborated this finding by documenting that collective-level residential mobility predicted vaccination rates for seasonal flu from 2011 to 2018 across the United States (B = -0.789, 95% CI = [-1.018, -0.56], adjusted R 2 = 0.222, p < 0.001). The link between residential mobility and vaccination behavior was robust after controlling relevant variables, including collectivism, cultural tightness-looseness, and sociodemographic variables. Conclusions Our research demonstrated that residential mobility is an important socioecological factor that influences people's vaccination behaviors for COVID-19 and seasonal flu. The results enrich our understanding of the socioecological factors that influence vaccination behaviors and have implications for developing tailored interventions to promote vaccination during pandemics of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health and Center for Clinical Big Data Statistics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health and Center for Clinical Big Data Statistics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Gang Zhao ✉
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13
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Zagefka H, dela Paz E, Macapagal MEJ, Ghazal S, Bilgen E, Cheso D. Fearing the Trojan horse: Motives attributed to the outgroup and rejection of outgroup help. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Diana Cheso
- Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
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14
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Empathy moderates the relationship between cognitive load and prosocial behaviour. Sci Rep 2023; 13:824. [PMID: 36646855 PMCID: PMC9841498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive load reduces both empathy and prosocial behaviour. However, studies demonstrating these effects have induced cognitive load in a temporally limited, artificial manner that fails to capture real-world cognitive load. Drawing from cognitive load theory, we investigated whether naturally occurring cognitive load from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic moderated the relationship between empathy and prosocial behaviour (operationalised as support for public health measures). This large study in an Australian sample (N = 600) identified negative relationships between pandemic fatigue, empathy for people vulnerable to COVID-19, and prosocial behaviour, and a positive relationship between empathy and prosocial behaviour. Additionally, we found that the negative effect of the pandemic on prosocial behaviour depended on empathy for vulnerable others, with pandemic fatigue's effects lowest for those with the highest empathy. These findings highlight the interrelationships of cognitive load and empathy, and the potential value of eliciting empathy to ease the impact of real-world cognitive load on prosocial behaviour.
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15
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Voinea C, Marin L, Vică C. The moral source of collective irrationality during COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2022.2164264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Voinea
- Research Center in Applied Ethics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lavinia Marin
- Ethics and Philosophy of Technology Section, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Vică
- Research Center in Applied Ethics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Vinnell LJ, Becker JS, Doyle EEH, Gray L. COVID-19 vaccine intentions in Aotearoa New Zealand: Behaviour, risk perceptions, and collective versus individual motivations. CURRENT RESEARCH IN ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 4:100082. [PMID: 36536877 PMCID: PMC9753451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The global SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a pressing health challenge for all countries, including Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). As of early 2022, NZ public health measures have reduced impacts of the pandemic, but ongoing efforts to limit illness and fatalities will be significantly aided by widescale uptake of available vaccines including COVID-19 booster doses. Decades of research have established a broad range of demographic, social, cognitive, and behavioural factors which influence peoples' uptake of vaccinations, including a large amount of research in the last two years focused on COVID-19 vaccination in particular. In this study, we surveyed people in New Zealand (N = 660) in May and June of 2021, at which point the vaccine had been made available to high-risk groups. We explored individual versus collective motivations, finding that people who were hesitant about COVID-19 vaccination scored lower on independent self-construals (how people define themselves) but higher on community identity, weaker but still positive perceived social norms, lower general risk of COVID-19 to New Zealanders and higher vaccine risk for both themselves and others, and lower response-efficacy both for personal and collective benefits. Overall, the findings suggest some benefit of collective over individual appeals, but that generally messaging to encourage vaccination should focus on conveying social norms, risk from COVID-19 broadly, and vaccine safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Vinnell
- Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, 94 Tasman Street, Mount Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Julia S Becker
- Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, 94 Tasman Street, Mount Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Emma E H Doyle
- Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, 94 Tasman Street, Mount Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Lesley Gray
- Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, 94 Tasman Street, Mount Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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17
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Wallis H, Sieverding T, Schmidt K, Matthies E. #Fighteverycrisis: A psychological perspective on motivators of the support of mitigation measures in the climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 84:101898. [PMID: 36284925 PMCID: PMC9584834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Both crises, the climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic need collective mitigation support. In the context of COVID-19, the support of mitigation strategies has found its way to the forefront of debates. Our aim was to contribute empirical evidence to this debate by investigating mitigation behaviors across both crises and discussing similarities and differences. To this end, we drew on the Norm Activation Model and the concept of Social Identity to understand individuals' support of mitigation strategies in the climate crisis and their support of governmental strategies to mitigate the spread of the virus. Data were gathered within a Germany-wide survey (N = 3092) carried out in June and July 2020. Three predictors significantly explained the support of mitigation strategies in both crises: (1) The awareness that the entire society is affected by the pandemic emerged as the strongest predictor for support of COVID-19 mitigation strategies, whereas (2) social identification with others making efforts to mitigate the climate crisis was the strongest predictor for support of climate crisis mitigation strategies. (3) Efficacy expectations that together with others one can make a substantial contribution to mitigate the respective crisis predicted support of mitigation strategies in the COVID-19 pandemic and the climate crisis to similar proportions. The results point to the need for targeting the communication of mitigation strategies in a pandemic on raising awareness for the collective nature of the problem whereas strengthening efficacy expectations and feelings of belonging, e.g. through participation processes, could generally strengthen the support of mitigation strategies in both crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wallis
- Medical Faculty, University Clinic of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Sieverding
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Environmental Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karolin Schmidt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Environmental Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Matthies
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Environmental Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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18
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Escaping the Reality of the Pandemic: The Role of Hopelessness and Dissociation in COVID-19 Denialism. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081302. [PMID: 36013251 PMCID: PMC9410015 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Denialism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severely affected governments’ attempts to contain the spread of the virus. Indeed, groups of deniers showed scepticism and misinformation toward the causes of the virus, leading to less adherence to official guidelines and vaccination campaigns. The present study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and psychological factors associated with COVID-19 denialism, expressed in the forms of scepticism, nonadherence to guidelines, and negative attitudes toward vaccination. Methods: Four hundred and sixty-one volunteers completed an online survey composed of the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II, the Sense of Community Index, and a questionnaire about COVID-19 denialism. Results: The multiple regression analyses showed that higher age and a lower level of education were positive predictors of COVID-19 denialism. Furthermore, the structural equation model showed that hopelessness positively predicted dissociation and negatively predicted the sense of community. In turn, only dissociation was found to positively predict COVID-19 denialism. Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggested that hopelessness could exacerbate a defensive dissociative response that could be associated with greater COVID-19 denialism. Moreover, older and less educated people showed a greater propensity to engage in COVID-19 denialism.
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19
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Ajana B, Engstler E, Ismail A, Kousta M. Perceptions and attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccines: narratives from members of the UK public. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 31:1-17. [PMID: 35789880 PMCID: PMC9244123 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of the paper is to enhance understanding of how members of the public make sense of the Covid-19 vaccines and to understand the factors influencing their attitudes towards such artefacts of pandemic governance. Methods The paper draws on 23 online in-depth interviews with members of the UK public and builds on relevant literature to examine participants' perceptions of the benefits and risks of Covid-19 vaccines, the sources that have shaped their attitudes, and the level of trust they have towards the government's handling of the pandemic through vaccines. Results The findings indicate that participants generally felt that the benefits of having the vaccine outweigh the risks and that Covid-19 vaccines are a crucial mechanism for enabling society to return to normal. Vaccine acceptance was, for some, strongly linked to a sense of social responsibility and the duty to protect others. However, some participants expressed concerns with regard to the side-effects of Covid-19 vaccines and their perceived potential impact on fertility and DNA makeup. Participants used various sources of information to learn about Covid-19 vaccines and understand their function, benefits, and risks. The majority of participants criticised the government's response during the early stages of the pandemic yet felt positive about the vaccine rollout. Conclusion Just as with any other vaccination programme, the success of the Covid-19 immunisation campaigns does not only depend on the efficacy of the vaccines themselves or the ability to secure access to them, but also on a myriad of other factors which include public compliance and trust in governments and health authorities. To support an effective immunisation campaign that is capable of bringing the pandemic to an end, governments need to understand public concerns, garner trust, and devise adequate strategies for engaging the public and building more resilient societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Btihaj Ajana
- Department of Digital Humanities, King’s College London, Strand Campus, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Elena Engstler
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, Brixton SE5 9RT UK
| | - Anas Ismail
- Department of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Marina Kousta
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King’s College London, Bush House, North East Wing, 40 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG UK
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20
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Cunningham MR, Druen PB, Logsdon MC, Dreschler BW, Barbee AP, Carrico RL, Billings SW, Jones JW. The Psychology of Coronavirus Behavioral Health Mindset, Vaccination Receptivity, Customer Orientation and Community Public Service. Front Psychol 2022; 13:837365. [PMID: 35496164 PMCID: PMC9047719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three studies were conducted to explore the psychological determinants of COVID-deterrent behaviors. In Study 1, using data collected and analyzed both before and after the release of COVID-19 vaccines, mask-wearing, other preventative behaviors like social distancing, and vaccination intentions were positively related to assessments of the Coronavirus Behavioral Health Mindset (CVBHM); belief in the credibility of science; progressive political orientation; less use of repressive and more use of sensitization coping; and the attribution of COVID-19 safety to effort rather than ability, powerful forces, fate, or luck. In Study 2, favorable COVID-19 vaccination intentions were related to greater willingness to work, lower emotional distress, and greater customer experience mindset. Study 3 examined the personality and motives of individuals who volunteered to help deliver COVID-19 inoculations to the local community. The vaccine-giving volunteers, especially those with prosocial motives, had high CVBHM scores, belief in the credibility of science, low use of repressive coping, greater attribution of COVID-19 protection to effort, low likelihood of voting conservative, were older, and had more education than others. The majority of public health volunteers expressed prosocial motives to help people or join a cause (60.7%), but many (39.3%) expressed the personal motives of getting the COVID-19 vaccination for themselves, conveying a public image of compassion, or structuring time. Based on the three research studies, a COVID-19 Mindset Hierarchy model is proposed to integrate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Cunningham
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Perri B. Druen
- Department of Psychology, York College, York, PA, United States
| | - M. Cynthia Logsdon
- School of Nursing, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | | | - Anita P. Barbee
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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21
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COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Its Impacts in a Cohort of Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:2692-2702. [PMID: 35132480 PMCID: PMC8821860 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Successful use of biomedical forms of HIV risk-reduction may have predisposed many gay and bisexual men (GBM) to vaccination against COVID-19, which may, in turn, affect their sexual behavior. A total of 622 Australian GBM provided weekly data on COVID-19 vaccination history and sexual behaviour between 17 January 2021 and 22 June 2021. We identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination, and compare sexual behavior before and since vaccination. Mean age was 47.3 years (SD 14.0). At least one-dose vaccination coverage had reached 57.2%, and 61.3% reported that the majority of their friends intended to be vaccinated. Vaccinated men reported a mean of 1.11 (SD 2.10) weekly non-relationship sex partners before vaccination and 1.62 (SD 3.42) partners following vaccination. GBM demonstrated high confidence in COVID-19 vaccines. Their sexual activity increased following vaccination suggesting that greater sexual freedom may be a specific motivation for vaccine uptake among some men.
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22
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Bearth A, Berthold A, Siegrist M. People’s perceptions of, willingness-to-take preventive remedies and their willingness-to-vaccinate during times of heightened health threats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263351. [PMID: 35108313 PMCID: PMC8809555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandemics, such as the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, represents a health threat to humans worldwide. During times of heightened health risks, the public’s perceptions, and acceptance of evidence-based preventive measures, such as vaccines, is of high relevance. Moreover, people might seek other preventive remedies to protect themselves from getting infected (e.g., herbal remedies, nutritional supplements). A recent study on consumers’ preference for naturalness showed that people put more weight on perceived naturalness of a preventive remedy compared to a curative one. This result was attributed to the increased focus on perceived effectiveness as opposed to perceived risk. This raises the question whether the current pandemic would shift people’s perceptions from prevention to curing and thus, exhibit a preference for synthetic remedies because they are seen as more effective. The present online experiment (conducted in April 2021) investigated people’s perceptions of vaccines and remedies within the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A 2x2 between-subject design with type of remedy (natural vs. synthetic) and salience of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (high vs. low) was conducted in Switzerland in spring 2021 (N = 452). The data did not provide evidence of a curative mindset for preventive remedies, as the participants exhibited a clear preference for the natural remedy compared to the synthetic remedy. Our study stresses the importance of understanding people’s mindsets on how to protect themselves from infection with a virus during an ongoing pandemic to tackle misinformation and vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bearth
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne Berthold
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Siegrist
- Consumer Behavior, Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Zagefka H, Dela Paz E, Macapagal MEJ, Ghazal S. Personal willingness to receive a Covid-19 vaccine and its relationship with intergroup psychology: Evidence from the Philippines and Pakistan. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 14:1273-1290. [PMID: 35001533 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High levels of vaccine hesitancy are an obstacle to the successful management of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this research, we identify psychological correlates of reluctance to personally receive a Covid-19 vaccine, with a focus on intergroup relations. Insights are based on two survey studies conducted in traditionally underresearched settings, the Philippines (N = 289) and Pakistan (N = 275). Results show that trust in vaccines, concerning both the vaccine's efficacy and the vaccine's safety, was associated with willingness to use the vaccine. Perceptions of trust were related to intergroup psychology, such that vaccine donations from political opponents rather than allies were trusted less. This meant that in the Philippines, there was a preference to use vaccines from the United States over those from China, although the pattern was less clear in Pakistan. Having said this, the highest levels of trust and willingness to use vaccines in both countries were for vaccines offered by the World Health Organization (WHO). Last but not least, a perception of global common fate of all humans in the face of the pandemic was positively associated with willingness to get vaccinated, even when controlling for concerns about the vaccine's efficacy and safety. Implications are discussed in relation to intergroup psychology and public health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Zagefka
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Erwine Dela Paz
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Saima Ghazal
- Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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24
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Williams SN. “I don’t want my son to be part of a giant experiment”: Public attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines in children. Public Health 2022; 205:116-121. [PMID: 35276527 PMCID: PMC8784572 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Wang Y, Yang C, Zhang Y, Hu X. Socioeconomic Status and Prosocial Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Community Identity and Perceived Control. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10308. [PMID: 34639607 PMCID: PMC8508049 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have examined the association between socioeconomic status and prosocial behavior, but the underlying mechanism between them is unclear. The present study aimed to examine the serially mediating roles of community identity and perceived control in this relationship. METHODS Using the convenient sampling technique, a total of 477 Chinese adults from Chinese communities, and ranging in age from 20 to 65 completed the questionnaires for objective socioeconomic status, the MacArthur scale of subjective socioeconomic status, an eight-item community identity scale, the perceived control scale, and a prosocial tendencies measure. Bivariate correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to examine the relationships among the major variables. RESULTS Socioeconomic status was positively associated with prosocial behavior. It was also found that community identity and perceived control played mediating roles between socioeconomic status and prosocial behavior, respectively. In addition, community identity and perceived control also had a serially mediating role in the relationship. CONCLUSIONS Community identity and perceived control played a serially mediating role in the association between socioeconomic status and prosocial behavior. The findings in the present study contribute to understanding the underlying mechanism in the association between socioeconomic status and prosocial behavior among adults, and have important implications for interventions aimed at improving prosocial behavior in lower-status individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- School of Education Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Yanchi Zhang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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