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Du J, Zhou X, Cheng X, Jiang G. Theoretical evaluation of monolayer MA 2Z 4 (M = Ti, Zr, or Hf; A = Si or Ge; and Z = P or As) family as promising candidates for lithium-sulfur batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 678:150-158. [PMID: 39293359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been considered as a potential energy storage system due to their high theoretical specific energy. However, their practical commercial application has been hindered by unresolved key issues. One promising approach to overcoming these challenges is the development of anchoring materials with exceptional performance. In this work, we conducted detailed evaluations of twelve types of MA2Z4 (M = Ti, Zr, or Hf; A = Si or Ge; and Z = P or As) monolayers as potential Li-S battery electrodes through first-principles calculations. Our results indicate that these monolayers can effectively immobilize Li2Sn species, preventing them from dissolving into the electrolyte and preserving intact Li2Sn conformations. The high electrical conductivity of these monolayers can be perfectly retained after S8/L2Sn clusters adsorption. Furthermore, the MA2P4 monolayers demonstrate superior catalytic performance for the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) compared to the MA2As4 counterparts, whereas the MA2As4 monolayers exhibit lower decomposition energy barriers. Our current work indicates that these MA2Z4 monolayers hold significant promise as electrode materials for Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Du
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xuying Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiujuan Cheng
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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2
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Anuthum S, Papan P, Pasena A, Yimklan S, Aramrat C, Sangthong P, Jakmunee J, Ounnunkad K. Sensitive electrochemical detection of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using cobalt metal-organic framework/two-dimensional molybdenum diselenide nanocomposite-based immunosensors amplified by polyoxometalate/DNA aptamer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 248:114461. [PMID: 39705874 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis and long-term diabetes management are advanced by monitoring glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. New sensitive sandwich-like immunosensors for the diagnosis of early diabetes toward detecting HbA1c and hemoglobin (Hb) are demonstrated for the first time. DNA aptamers are used for signal amplification in the sensors for the detection of HbA1c and Hb. The immunosensors are constructed by coating with a cobalt-based metal-organic framework (Co-MOF)/two-dimensional molybdenum diselenide (2D MoSe2) composite onto a working electrode of an ItalSens screen-printed electrode (SPE) inserted into a Sensit/Smart Potentiostat affixed to a smartphone. After the immobilization of the antibodies, the detection is obtained by incubating the resultant SPEs in target solutions and then detecting the response of Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM) bound on the DNA aptamer chains. In the selected potential window, the POM (silicotungstic acid, H4[α-SiW12O40]) used in this study exhibits the electron-transfer processes I and II ([α-SiW12O40]4-/5- and [α-SiW12O40]5-/6-, respectively) in the acidic buffer electrolyte. Our proposed device demonstrates exceptional performance in the recovery test of %HbA1c in healthy human plasma samples. The sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of this immunosensor are exceedingly outstanding, which makes it one of the potential analytical devices for diagnosing early diabetes by a %HbA1c assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Anuthum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; The Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Phakorn Papan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Arnat Pasena
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saranphong Yimklan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chanchanok Aramrat
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Padchanee Sangthong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaroon Jakmunee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kontad Ounnunkad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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3
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Bandas C, Orha C, Nicolaescu M, Morariu Popescu MI, Lăzău C. 2D and 3D Nanostructured Metal Oxide Composites as Promising Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Techniques: Synthesis Methods and Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12521. [PMID: 39684234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/09/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to population growth and global technological development, energy consumption has increased exponentially. The global energy crisis opens up many hotly debated topics regarding energy generation and consumption. Not only is energy production in short supply due to limited energy resources but efficient and sustainable storage has become a very important goal. Currently, there are energy storage devices such as batteries, capacitors, and super-capacitors. Supercapacitors or electrochemical capacitors can be very advantageous replacements for batteries and capacitors because they can achieve higher power density and energy density characteristics. The evolution and progress of society demand the use of innovative and composite nanostructured metal oxide materials, which fulfill the requirements of high-performance technologies. This review mainly addresses the synthesis techniques and properties of 2D and 3D metal oxide nanostructured materials, especially based on Ti, Fe, Ga, and Sn ions, electrochemical methods used for the characterization and application of 2D, and 3D nanostructured metal oxide structures in electrochemical storage systems of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Bandas
- Condensed Matter Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Orha
- Condensed Matter Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicolaescu
- Condensed Matter Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mina-Ionela Morariu Popescu
- Condensed Matter Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Inorganic Compounds and Environment, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Carmen Lăzău
- Condensed Matter Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania
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Vijayakumar S, Mohanachandran AP, Rakhi RB, Shankar S, Pillai RS, Ajayaghosh A. Self-Exfoliating Benzotristriazine Macrocyclic Network: A New 2D Material for High-Performance Electrochemical Energy Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2405701. [PMID: 39155431 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Aza-fused aromatic π-conjugated networks are an important class of 2D graphitic analogs, which are generally constructed using aromatic precursors. Herein, the study describes a new synthetic approach and electrochemical properties of a self-exfoliating benzotristriazine 2D network (BTTN) constructed using aliphatic precursors, under relatively mild conditions. The obtained BTTN exhibits a nanodisc-like morphology, the self-exfoliation tendency of which is ascribed to the presence of structurally different macrocycles with high electronic repulsion between the layers. The benzotristriazine repeat units of BTTN is electroactive and holds higher carbon/nitrogen ratio when compared with the conventional graphitic aza-fused π-conjugated networks. The self-exfoliated BTTN nanodiscs show excellent electrochemical energy storage of 485 and 333 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 in three-electrode and two-electrode measurements, respectively. BTTN in a symmetric coin-cell architecture exhibits a high specific energy value of 46 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 1 kW kg-1 and shows excellent cyclic stability of 96% for 10 000 and 90% for 30 000 charge-discharge cycles at a higher current density of 5 A g-1, surpassing the device performance of most of the reported all-organic pseudocapacitive 2D networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyyappan Vijayakumar
- CSIR - National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anjana P Mohanachandran
- CSIR - National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
| | - Raghavan B Rakhi
- CSIR - National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sreejith Shankar
- CSIR - National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Renjith S Pillai
- Analytical and Spectroscopy Division, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Thiruvananthapuram, 695022, India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- CSIR - National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India
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5
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Su S, Zhao J, Ly TH. Scanning Probe Microscopies for Characterizations of 2D Materials. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2400211. [PMID: 38766949 PMCID: PMC11579571 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are intriguing due to their remarkably thin and flat structure. This unique configuration allows the majority of their constituent atoms to be accessible on the surface, facilitating easier electron tunneling while generating weak surface forces. To decipher the subtle signals inherent in these materials, the application of techniques that offer atomic resolution (horizontal) and sub-Angstrom (z-height vertical) sensitivity is crucial. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) emerges as the quintessential tool in this regard, owing to its atomic-level spatial precision, ability to detect unitary charges, responsiveness to pico-newton-scale forces, and capability to discern pico-ampere currents. Furthermore, the versatility of SPM to operate under varying environmental conditions, such as different temperatures and in the presence of various gases or liquids, opens up the possibility of studying the stability and reactivity of 2D materials in situ. The characteristic flatness, surface accessibility, ultra-thinness, and weak signal strengths of 2D materials align perfectly with the capabilities of SPM technologies, enabling researchers to uncover the nuanced behaviors and properties of these advanced materials at the nanoscale and even the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Su
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super‐Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF)City University of Hong KongKowloon999077China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong999077P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518057China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super‐Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF)City University of Hong KongKowloon999077China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine PollutionCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518057China
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6
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Beshara GM, Surin I, Agrachev M, Eliasson H, Otroshchenko T, Krumeich F, Erni R, Kondratenko EV, Pérez-Ramírez J. Mechanochemically-derived iron atoms on defective boron nitride for stable propylene production. EES CATALYSIS 2024; 2:1263-1276. [PMID: 39148890 PMCID: PMC11320177 DOI: 10.1039/d4ey00123k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs), possessing a uniform metal site structure, are a promising class of materials for selective oxidations of hydrocarbons. However, their design for targeted applications requires careful choice of metal-host combinations and suitable synthetic techniques. Here, we report iron atoms stabilised on defective hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) via mechanochemical activation in a ball mill as an effective catalyst for propylene production via N2O-mediated oxidative propane dehydrogenation (N2O-ODHP), reaching 95% selectivity at 6% propane conversion and maintaining stable performance for 40 h on stream. This solvent-free synthesis allows simultaneous carrier exfoliation and surface defect generation, creating anchoring sites for catalytically-active iron atoms. The incorporation of a small metal quantity (0.5 wt%) predominantly generates a mix of atomically-dispersed Fe2+ and Fe3+ species, as confirmed by combining advanced microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance, UV-vis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Single-atom iron favours selective propylene formation, while metal oxide nanoparticles yield large quantities of CO x and cracking by-products. The lack of acidic functionalities on h-BN, hindering coke formation, and firm stabilisation of Fe sites, preventing metal sintering, ensure stable operation. These findings showcase N2O-ODHP as a promising propylene production technology and foster wider adoption of mechanochemical activation as a viable method for SACs synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Beshara
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ivan Surin
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Agrachev
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Henrik Eliasson
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) Uberlandstrasse 129 8600 Dubendorf Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Otroshchenko
- Advanced Methods for Applied Catalysis, Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse Albert Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) Uberlandstrasse 129 8600 Dubendorf Switzerland
| | - Evgenii V Kondratenko
- Advanced Methods for Applied Catalysis, Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse Albert Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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7
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Cui M, Zhang J, Han P, Shi L, Li X, Zhang Z, Bao H, Ma Y, Tao Z, Dong X, Fu L, Wu Y. Two-dimensional nanomaterials: A multifunctional approach for robust for diabetic wound repair. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101186. [PMID: 39221220 PMCID: PMC11364902 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds pose a clinical challenge due to persistent inflammation, severe bacterial infections, inadequate vascularization, and pronounced oxidative stress. Current therapeutic modalities fail to provide satisfactory outcomes in managing these conditions, resulting in considerable patient distress. Two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs), characterized by their unique nanosheet structures, expansive surface areas, and remarkable physicochemical properties, have garnered considerable attention for their potential in therapeutic applications. Emerging 2DNMs can be loaded with various pharmacological agents, including small molecules, metal ions, and liposomes. Moreover, they can be integrated with various biomaterials such as hydrogels, microneedles, and microspheres, thus demonstrating unprecedented advantages in expediting the healing process of diabetic wounds. Moreover, 2DNMs exhibit exceptional performance characteristics, including high biocompatibility, effective antimicrobial properties, optimal phototherapeutic effects, and enhanced electrostimulation capabilities. These properties enable them to modulate the wound microenvironment, leading to widespread application in tissue repair with remarkable outcomes. This review delineates several emerging 2DNMs, such as graphene and its derivatives, black phosphorus, MXenes, and transition metal dichalcogenides, in the context of diabetic wound repair. Furthermore, it elucidates the translational challenges and future perspectives of 2DNMs in wound healing treatments. Overall, 2DNMs present a highly promising strategy for ameliorating diabetic wounds, thus providing novel avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in diabetic wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Medical & Health Group Quzhou Hospital, Quzhou, 324004, China
| | - Pengfei Han
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Ling Shi
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Quzhou Afiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Quzhou People's Hospital), Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Haihua Bao
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Ziwei Tao
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xianghui Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
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Qu J, Cheng H, Lan H, Zheng B, Luo Z, Yang X, Yi X, Wu G, Chen S, Pan A. Space-Confined Growth of Ultrathin P-Type GeTe Nanosheets for Broadband Photodetectors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309391. [PMID: 38456381 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
As p-type phase-change degenerate semiconductors, crystalline and amorphous germanium telluride (GeTe) exhibit metallic and semiconducting properties, respectively. However, the massive structural defects and strong interface scattering in amorphous GeTe films significantly reduce their performance. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) p-type GeTe nanosheets are synthesized via a specially designed space-confined chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, with the thickness of the GeTe nanosheets reduced to 1.9 nm. The space-confined CVD method improves the crystallinity of ultrathin GeTe by lowering the partial pressure of the reactant gas, resulting in GeTe nanosheets with excellent p-type semiconductor properties, such as a satisfactory on/off ratio of 105. Temperature-dependent electrical measurements demonstrate that variable-range hopping and optical-phonon-assisted hopping mechanisms dominate transport behavior at low and high temperatures, respectively. GeTe devices exhibit significantly high responsivity (6589 and 2.2 A W-1 at 633 and 980 nm, respectively) and detectivity (1.67 × 1011 and 1.3 × 108 Jones at 633 and 980 nm, respectively), making them feasible for broadband photodetectors in the visible to near-infrared range. Furthermore, the fabricated GeTe/WS2 diode exhibits a rectification ratio of 103 at zero gate voltage. These satisfactory p-type semiconductor properties demonstrate that ultrathin GeTe exhibits enormous potential for applications in optoelectronic interconnection circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Qu
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Haodong Cheng
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huiping Lan
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Biyuan Zheng
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Luo
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shula Chen
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, P. R. China
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9
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Lan X, Luo N, Li Z, Peng J, Cheng HM. Status and Prospect of Two-Dimensional Materials in Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9285-9310. [PMID: 38522089 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Replacing liquid electrolytes and separators in conventional lithium-ion batteries with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) is an important strategy to ensure both high energy density and high safety. Searching for fast ionic conductors with high electrochemical and chemical stability has been the core of SSE research and applications over the past decades. Based on the atomic-level thickness and infinitely expandable planar structure, numerous two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have been exploited and applied to address the most critical issues of low ionic conductivity of SSEs and lithium dendrite growth in all-solid-state lithium batteries. This review introduces the research process of 2DMs in SSEs, then summarizes the mechanisms and strategies of inert and active 2DMs toward Li+ transport to improve the ionic conductivity and enhance the electrode/SSE interfacial compatibility. More importantly, the main challenges and future directions for the application of 2DMs in SSEs are considered, including the importance of exploring the relationship between the anisotropic structure of 2DMs and Li+ diffusion behavior, the exploitation of more 2DMs, and the significance of in situ characterizations in elucidating the mechanisms of Li+ transport and interfacial reactions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding to facilitate the application of 2DMs in SSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Lan
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Na Luo
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 1110016, China
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10
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Fox C, Mao Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xiao J. Stacking Order Engineering of Two-Dimensional Materials and Device Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1862-1898. [PMID: 38150266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Stacking orders in 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials dictate the relative sliding (lateral displacement) and twisting (rotation) between atomically thin layers. By altering the stacking order, many new ferroic, strongly correlated and topological orderings emerge with exotic electrical, optical and magnetic properties. Thanks to the weak vdW interlayer bonding, such highly flexible and energy-efficient stacking order engineering has transformed the design of quantum properties in 2D vdW materials, unleashing the potential for miniaturized high-performance device applications in electronics, spintronics, photonics, and surface chemistry. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of stacking order engineering in 2D vdW materials and their device applications, ranging from the typical fabrication and characterization methods to the novel physical properties and the emergent slidetronics and twistronics device prototyping. The main emphasis is on the critical role of stacking orders affecting the interlayer charge transfer, orbital coupling and flat band formation for the design of innovative materials with on-demand quantum properties and surface potentials. By demonstrating a correlation between the stacking configurations and device functionality, we highlight their implications for next-generation electronic, photonic and chemical energy conversion devices. We conclude with our perspective of this exciting field including challenges and opportunities for future stacking order engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter Fox
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yulu Mao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Faculty of Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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11
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Ajaykumar AP, Nikhila K, Sabira O, Jayaraj KN, Varma SR, Rasheed VA, Binitha VS, Sreeja K, Ramakrishnan RM, Babu A. A bio-inspired approach for the synthesis of few-layer graphene using beetle defensive gland extract. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5729-5739. [PMID: 38370454 PMCID: PMC10870200 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08733f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene exhibits remarkable properties and holds substantial promise for diverse applications. Its unique combination of thermal, chemical, physical, and biological properties makes it an appealing material for a wide range of uses. But, the lack of an economical and environmentally friendly approach to synthesize good-quality graphene represents an immense challenge for the scientific community. What makes this research unique is the utilization of the defensive gland extract from the beetle species Luprops tristis (Order: Coleoptera, Family: Tenebrionidae) to synthesize a few layers of graphene (FLG). This innovative incorporation of natural resources and exploration of biologically inspired methods provides an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional graphene production techniques. The exfoliated graphene displayed antimicrobial effects against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, with particularly potent bactericidal activity. Additionally, the cytotoxicity assay demonstrated the anti-cancer properties of biosynthesized graphene against Daltons Lymphoma Acetic (DLA) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Ajaykumar
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College Pattambi Palakkad Kerala India
| | - K Nikhila
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College Pattambi Palakkad Kerala India
| | - Ovungal Sabira
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College Pattambi Palakkad Kerala India
| | - Kodangattil Narayanan Jayaraj
- Basic Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates
| | - Sudhir Rama Varma
- Clinical Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates
| | - V A Rasheed
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College Pattambi Palakkad Kerala India
| | - V S Binitha
- Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College Nattika Thrissur Kerala India
| | - Kalapparambil Sreeja
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College Pattambi Palakkad Kerala India
| | - Resmi M Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College Pattambi Palakkad Kerala India
| | - Annet Babu
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College Pattambi Palakkad Kerala India
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12
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Lee H, Heo E, Yoon H. Physically Exfoliating 2D Materials: A Versatile Combination of Different Materials into a Layered Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18678-18695. [PMID: 38095583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Improving the properties of the existing two-dimensional (2D) materials is a major concern for many researchers today. Synergistic coupling of single-phase 2D material species with secondary functional materials has resulted in 2D nanohybrids with significantly enhanced properties beyond the sum of their individual components. In particular, nanohybrids created by alternatingly integrating different material species in the confined 2D nanometer regime have the potential to meet the needs of a wide variety of applications, particularly the many important energy-related applications that are of interest. However, scaling up production of 2D nanohybrids is still challenging, which is a major barrier to their practical application. Delamination and exfoliation by physical means separate the weakly bound 2D nanosheets into kinetically stable single- or few-layers. Herein, we provide a concise overview of recent achievements in the physical exfoliation-based fabrication of 2D nanohybrids featuring controlled heterolayered structures. Several strategies to efficiently produce heterolayered 2D nanohybrids in large quantities are described, such as (i) coexfoliation of different 2D species, (ii) aqueous-phase synthesis, and (iii) gas-phase synthesis. The versatility of the 2D nanohybrids was also illustrated by remarkable research examples, especially in energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haney Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Eunseo Heo
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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13
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Li S, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Liu R, Zhao Y, Dai X, Ma N, Streb C, Chen X. Hydrogenation Catalysis by Hydrogen Spillover on Platinum-Functionalized Heterogeneous Boronic Acid-Polyoxometalates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314999. [PMID: 37889729 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The activation of molecular hydrogen is a key process in catalysis. Here, we demonstrate how polyoxometalate (POM)-based heterogeneous compounds functionalized with Platinum particles activate H2 by synergism between a hydrogen spillover mechanism and electron-proton transfer by the POM. This interplay facilitates the selective catalytic reduction of olefins and nitroarenes with high functional group tolerance. A family of polyoxotungstates covalently functionalized with boronic acids is reported. In the solid-state, the compounds are held together by non-covalent interactions (π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding). The resulting heterogeneous nanoscale particles form stable colloidal dispersions in acetonitrile and can be surface-functionalized with platinum nanoparticles by in situ photoreduction. The resulting materials show excellent catalytic activity in hydrogenation of olefins and nitrobenzene derivatives under mild conditions (1 bar H2 and room temperature).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yubin Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Rongji Liu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yupeng Zhao
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xusheng Dai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Nana Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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14
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Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh A, Saghebasl S, Asadi N, Kashani E, Mehdipour A, Nezami Asl A, Akbarzadeh A. Recent advances in nano-scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: Toward natural therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1882. [PMID: 36815236 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Among the promising methods for repairing or replacing tissue defects in the human body and the hottest research topics in medical science today are regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. On the other hand, nanotechnology has been expanded into different areas of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to its essential benefits in improving performance in various fields. Nanotechnology, a helpful strategy in tissue engineering, offers new solutions to unsolved problems. Especially considering the excellent physicochemical properties of nanoscale structures, their application in regenerative medicine has been gradually developed, and a lot of research has been conducted in this field. In this regard, various nanoscale structures, including nanofibers, nanosheets, nanofilms, nano-clays, hollow spheres, and different nanoparticles, have been developed to advance nanotechnology strategies with tissue repair goals. Here, we comprehensively review the application of the mentioned nanostructures in constructing nanocomposite scaffolds for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizeh Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Saghebasl
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahideh Asadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Kashani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehdipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Piñeiro-García A, Semetey V. The "How" and "Where" Behind the Functionalization of Graphene Oxide by Thiol-ene "Click" Chemistry. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301604. [PMID: 37367388 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a 2D nanomaterial with unique chemistry due to the combination of sp2 hybridization and oxygen functional groups (OFGs) even in single layer. OFGs play a fundamental role in the chemical functionalization of GO to produce GO-based materials for diverse applications. However, traditional strategies that employ epoxides, alcohols, and carboxylic acids suffer from low control and undesirable side reactions, including by-product formation and GO reduction. Thiol-ene "click" reaction offers a promising and versatile chemical approach for the alkene functionalization (-C=C-) of GO, providing orthogonality, stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, and high yields while reducing by-products. This review examines the chemical functionalization of GO via thiol-ene "click" reactions, providing insights into the underlying reaction mechanisms, including the role of radical or base catalysts in triggering the reaction. We discuss the "how" and "where" the reaction takes place on GO, the strategies to avoid unwanted side reactions, such as GO reduction and by-product formation. We anticipate that multi-functionalization of GO via the alkene groups will enhance GO physicochemical properties while preserving its intrinsic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Semetey
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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16
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Shahabfar S, Xia Y, Morshedsolouk MH, Mohammadi M, Naghavi SS. Synergistic effect of alloying on thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional PdPQ (Q = S, Se). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9617-9625. [PMID: 36943102 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05979g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Hosts of 2D materials exist, yet few allow compositional and structural tailoring as the MQ2 (M = Mo, W; Q = S, Se) family does, for which various structural superlattices have been synthesized. Using thorough first-principles calculations, we show how bonding hierarchy contributes to the structural resilience of 2D PdPQ and allows for full-range alloying of sulfur and selenium. Within the structural unit of Pd2P2Q2, the covalently-bonded [P2Q2]4- polyanions hold the structure together with their molecular-like P-P bonds while ionically bonded Pd-Qs allow the S/Se substitution. Here, the bonding hierarchy imparts superior electronic and structural features to the PdPQ monolayers. As such, the flat-and-dispersive valence band and the eight degenerate valleys of the conduction band benefit the p-type and n-type thermoelectricity of pristine PdPQ, which can be further enhanced by alloying. The high-entropy alloying synergistically suppresses the lattice heat transport from 75 to 30 W m-1 K-1 and increases the band degeneracy of PdPQ monolayers, resulting in an overall improvement in zT. Combining these features, in a naïve approach, results in a large zT approaching two for both p-type and n-type doping. However, accurate fully-fledged electron-phonon calculations rebut this promise, showing that at high temperatures, the increased electron scattering results in a stagnant power factor in the flat-and-dispersive valence band. Using a realistic first-principles scattering, we finally calculate the thermoelectric efficiency of PdPQ (Q = S, Se) and highlight the importance of an accurate estimation of electron relaxation time for thermoelectric predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahabfar
- Department of Physical and Computational Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Y Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - M H Morshedsolouk
- Department of Physical and Computational Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
| | - M Mohammadi
- Department of Physical and Computational Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
| | - S Shahab Naghavi
- Department of Physical and Computational Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
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17
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The Quest for Green Solvents for the Sustainable Production of Nanosheets of Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials, a Key Issue in the Roadmap for the Ecology Transition in the Flatland. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031484. [PMID: 36771151 PMCID: PMC9919378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials has had a ground-breaking impact on science and technology. To exploit in technology their unique thickness-dependent physicochemical properties, the large-scale production of 2D materials is mandatory, but it represents an open challenge still due to various pitfalls and severe limitations including the toxicity of state-of-the-art solvents. Thus, liquid-phase exfoliation based on green and bioderived solvents represents an ideal methodology for massive production. This is particularly crucial for introducing 2D materials in technological applications such as the production of drinking water and agri-food industrial processes. Here, we assessed the production of 2D nanosheets (specifically, graphene, WS2, MoS2) with liquid-phase exfoliation assisted by eco-friendly solvents, with a comparative evaluation of green solvents in terms of the yield and, moreover, the aspect ratio, defectivity, and crystalline quality of the produced nanosheets. In particular, we focus on the most promising green solvents in terms of the yield and the crystalline quality of the produced nanosheets: Polarclean, Iris, and Cyrene, which were compared with acetone/water mixtures, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), triethanolamine (TEA), aqueous solutions of urea, and an ethanol/water mixture as well as two toxic solvents largely used for the production of 2D nanosheets: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Remarkably, the density of defects was particularly low in the liquid-phase exfoliation with Polarclean, as indicated by the Raman spectrum of graphene, with the I(D)/I(G) ratio below 0.1. Furthermore, Polarclean and Iris also enable ink-jet printing with functional inks of 2D materials based on green solvents due to their low dynamic viscosity at room temperature.
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18
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Noh S, Lee S, Lee J, Jo H, Lee H, Kim M, Kim H, Kim YA, Yoon H. All-Gas-Phase Synthesis of Heterolayered Two-Dimensional Nanohybrids Decorated with Metallic Nanocatalysts for Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203633. [PMID: 36108130 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a sequential gas-phase process involving air jet milling followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), is demonstrated to be an efficient strategy for the fabrication of heterolayered 2D nanohybrids (2DNHs) decorated with nanocatalysts. Tens of grams of the nanohybrids, which is a substantial quantity at the laboratory scale, are produced in the absence of solvents and water, and without the need for an extra purification procedure. Air jet milling enables the development of binary/ternary heterolayered structures consisting of graphene, WSe2 , and/or MoS2 via the gas-phase co-exfoliation of their bulk counterparts. Based on the X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy data, the heterolayers of the 2DNHs exert chemical and electronic effects on each other, while diminishing the interactions between same-component layers. Moreover, the electrochemically active surface area increases by >190% and the charge transfer resistance decreases by >35%. CVD is performed to introduce Pt and Ru nanoparticles with diameters of a few nanometers as additional electrocatalysts into the 2DNHs. The nanocatalyst-decorated 2DNHs show excellent performance for the production of hydrogen and oxygen gases in water-splitting cells. Notably, the proposed all-gas-phase processes allow for the large-scale production of functional 2DNHs with minimal negative environmental impact, which is crucial for the commercialization of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmyeong Noh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jisun Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyemi Jo
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Haney Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Minjin Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
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20
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Shtansky DV, Matveev AT, Permyakova ES, Leybo DV, Konopatsky AS, Sorokin PB. Recent Progress in Fabrication and Application of BN Nanostructures and BN-Based Nanohybrids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2810. [PMID: 36014675 PMCID: PMC9416166 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, such as a low specific density, large specific surface area, excellent thermal stability, oxidation resistance, low friction, good dispersion stability, enhanced adsorbing capacity, large interlayer shear force, and wide bandgap, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanostructures are of great interest in many fields. These include, but are not limited to, (i) heterogeneous catalysts, (ii) promising nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells and nanoparticles containing therapeutic agents to fight bacterial and fungal infections, (iii) reinforcing phases in metal, ceramics, and polymer matrix composites, (iv) additives to liquid lubricants, (v) substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, (vi) agents for boron neutron capture therapy, (vii) water purifiers, (viii) gas and biological sensors, and (ix) quantum dots, single photon emitters, and heterostructures for electronic, plasmonic, optical, optoelectronic, semiconductor, and magnetic devices. All of these areas are developing rapidly. Thus, the goal of this review is to analyze the critical mass of knowledge and the current state-of-the-art in the field of BN-based nanomaterial fabrication and application based on their amazing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Shtansky
- Labotoary of Inorganic Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninsky Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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21
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A Theoretical Investigation on the Physical Properties of Zirconium Trichalcogenides, ZrS3, ZrSe3 and ZrTe3 Monolayers. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In a recent advance, zirconium triselenide (ZrSe3) nanosheets with anisotropic and strain-tunable excitonic response were experimentally fabricated. Motivated by the aforementioned progress, we conduct first-principle calculations to explore the structural, dynamic, Raman response, electronic, single-layer exfoliation energies, and mechanical features of the ZrX3 (X = S, Se, Te) monolayers. Acquired phonon dispersion relations reveal the dynamical stability of the ZrX3 (X = S, Se, Te) monolayers. In order to isolate single-layer crystals from bulk counterparts, exfoliation energies of 0.32, 0.37, and 0.4 J/m2 are predicted for the isolation of ZrS3, ZrSe3, and ZrTe3 monolayers, which are comparable to those of graphene. ZrS3 and ZrSe3 monolayers are found to be indirect gap semiconductors, with HSE06 band gaps of 1.93 and 1.01 eV, whereas the ZrTe3 monolayer yields a metallic character. It is shown that the ZrX3 nanosheets are relatively strong, but with highly anisotropic mechanical responses. This work provides a useful vision concerning the critical physical properties of ZrX3 (X = S, Se, Te) nanosheets.
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22
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Derakhshi M, Daemi S, Shahini P, Habibzadeh A, Mostafavi E, Ashkarran AA. Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials beyond Graphene for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:27. [PMID: 35323227 PMCID: PMC8953174 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (e.g., graphene) have shown to have a high potential in future biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties such as unusual electrical conductivity, high biocompatibility, large surface area, and extraordinary thermal and mechanical properties. Although the potential of graphene as the most common 2D nanomaterials in biomedical applications has been extensively investigated, the practical use of other nanoengineered 2D materials beyond graphene such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), topological insulators (TIs), phosphorene, antimonene, bismuthene, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXenes for biomedical applications have not been appreciated so far. This review highlights not only the unique opportunities of 2D nanomaterials beyond graphene in various biomedical research areas such as bioelectronics, imaging, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine but also addresses the risk factors and challenges ahead from the medical perspective and clinical translation of nanoengineered 2D materials. In conclusion, the perspectives and future roadmap of nanoengineered 2D materials beyond graphene are outlined for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Derakhshi
- Precision Health Program and Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (M.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Sahar Daemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Pegah Shahini
- Precision Health Program and Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (M.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Afagh Habibzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ali Akbar Ashkarran
- Precision Health Program and Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (M.D.); (P.S.)
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Taşaltın N, Güllülü S, Karakuş S. Dual-role of β borophene nanosheets as highly effective antibacterial and antifungal agent. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Nocchetti M, Donnadio A, Vischini E, Posati T, Albonetti C, Campoccia D, Arciola CR, Ravaioli S, Mariani V, Montanaro L, Vivani R. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Antibacterial Properties of Silver-Functionalized Low-Dimensional Layered Zirconium Phosphonates. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2251-2264. [PMID: 35044759 PMCID: PMC9946290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
New insoluble layered zirconium phosphate carboxyaminophosphonates (ZPs), with the general formula Zr2(PO4)H5[(O3PCH2)2N(CH2)nCOO]2·mH2O (n = 3, 4, and 5), have been prepared and characterized. The crystal structure for n = 3 and 4 samples was determined ab initio from X-ray powder diffraction data. The structure for n = 3 was monoclinic in space group C2/c with the following unit cell parameters: a = 34.346(1) Å, b = 8.4930(2) Å, c = 9.0401(2) Å, and β = 97.15(1)°. The structure for n = 4 was triclinic in space group P1̅ with the following unit cell parameters: a = 17.9803(9) Å, b = 8.6066(4) Å, c = 9.0478(3) Å, α = 90.466(3)°, β = 94.910(4)°, and γ = 99.552(4)°. The two structures had the same connectivity as Zr phosphate glycine diphosphonate (n = 1), as previously reported. By intercalation of short amines, these layered compounds were exfoliated in single lamella or packets of a few lamellae, which formed colloidal dispersions in water. After a thorough characterization, the dispersed lamellae were functionalized with Ag nanoparticles, which were grown in situ on the surface of exfoliated lamellae. Finally, their antimicrobial activity was tested on several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All of these systems were found to be active against the four pathogens most frequently isolated from orthopedic prosthetic infections and often causative of nosocomial infections. Interestingly, they were found to express powerful inhibitory activity even against bacterial strains exhibiting a relevant profile of antibiotic resistance such as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 700699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Nocchetti
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Donnadio
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vischini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tamara Posati
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiano Albonetti
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo
Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNRISMN), 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Campoccia
- Laboratorio
di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratorio
di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department
of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Laboratorio
di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Laboratorio
di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Mariani
- Laboratorio
di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montanaro
- Laboratorio
di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department
of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vivani
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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25
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Bartholomew AK, Meirzadeh E, Stone IB, Koay CS, Nuckolls C, Steigerwald ML, Crowther AC, Roy X. Superatom Regiochemistry Dictates the Assembly and Surface Reactivity of a Two-Dimensional Material. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1119-1124. [PMID: 35020382 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The area of two-dimensional (2D) materials research would benefit greatly from the development of synthetically tunable van der Waals (vdW) materials. While the bottom-up synthesis of 2D frameworks from nanoscale building blocks holds great promise in this quest, there are many remaining hurdles, including the design of building blocks that reliably produce 2D lattices and the growth of macroscopic crystals that can be exfoliated to produce 2D materials. Here we report the regioselective synthesis of the cluster [trans-Co6Se8(CN)4(CO)2]3-/4-, a "superatomic" building block designed to polymerize and assemble into a 2D cyanometalate lattice whose surfaces are chemically addressable. The resulting vdW material, [Co(py)4]2[trans-Co6Se8(CN)4(CO)2], grows as bulk single crystals that can be mechanically exfoliated to produce flakes as thin as bilayers, with photolabile CO ligands on the exfoliated surface. As a proof of concept, we show that these surface CO ligands can be replaced by 4-isocyanoazobenzene under blue light irradiation. This work demonstrates that the bottom-up assembly of layered vdW materials from superatoms is a promising and versatile approach to create 2D materials with tunable physical and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Meirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ilana B Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christie S Koay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Andrew C Crowther
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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26
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Jeong JH, Kang S, Kim N, Joshi RK, Lee GH. Recent trends in covalent functionalization of 2D materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10684-10711. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04831g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of the surface is more crucial in 2D materials than in conventional bulk materials because of their atomic thinness, large surface-to-volume ratio, and uniform surface chemical potential. Because...
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27
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Plantzopoulou A, Stergiou A, Kafetzi M, Arenal R, Pispas S, Tagmatarchis N. One-step covalent hydrophobic/hydrophilic functionalization of chemically exfoliated molybdenum disulfide nanosheets with RAFT derived polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:795-798. [PMID: 34927640 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The covalent functionalization of chemically exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (ce-MoS2) with hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) and hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) polymers, in a single-step without additives, is presented. The nature of chemical modification and the impact on the structure of ce-MoS2 were spectroscopically investigated. Complexation of Eu3+ was accomplished on grafted polycarboxylate chains on MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Plantzopoulou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece.
| | - Anastasios Stergiou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece.
| | - Martha Kafetzi
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece.
| | - Raul Arenal
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza 50018, Spain.,Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC-U. de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.,ARAID Foundation, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece.
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece.
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28
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Wang X, Han X, Li C, Chen Z, Huang H, Chen J, Wu C, Fan T, Li T, Huang W, Al-Hartomy OA, Al-Ghamdi A, Wageh S, Zheng F, Al-Sehemi AG, Wang G, Xie Z, Zhang H. 2D materials for bone therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113970. [PMID: 34509576 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to their prominent physicochemical properties, 2D materials are broadly applied in biomedicine. Currently, 2D materials have achieved great success in treating many diseases such as cancer and tissue engineering as well as bone therapy. Based on their different characteristics, 2D materials could function in various ways in different bone diseases. Herein, the application of 2D materials in bone tissue engineering, joint lubrication, infection of orthopedic implants, bone tumors, and osteoarthritis are firstly reviewed comprehensively together. Meanwhile, different mechanisms by which 2D materials function in each disease reviewed below are also reviewed in detail, which in turn reveals the versatile functions and application of 2D materials. At last, the outlook on how to further broaden applications of 2D materials in bone therapies based on their excellent properties is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjiang Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjing Han
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaozhou Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenshuo Wu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Taojian Fan
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Weichun Huang
- Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Omar A Al-Hartomy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swelm Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fei Zheng
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guiqing Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, PR China; Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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29
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Park DY, Yu HM, Jeong BG, An SJ, Kim SH, Jeong MS. Nano-Thermal Analysis of Defect-Induced Surface Pre-Melting in 2D Tellurium. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2735. [PMID: 34685174 PMCID: PMC8541556 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermal properties, such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and melting temperature, influence the efficiency and stability of two-dimensional (2D) material applications. However, existing studies on thermal characteristics-except for thermal conductivity-are insufficient for 2D materials. Here, we investigated the melting temperature of 2D Tellurium (2D Te) using the nano-thermal analysis technique and found anomalous behavior that occurs before the melting temperature is reached. The theoretical calculations present surface pre-melting in 2D Te and Raman scattering measurements suggest that defects in 2D Te accelerate surface pre-melting. Understanding the pre-melting surface characteristics of 2D Te will provide valuable information for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Park
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (D.Y.P.); (S.-J.A.)
| | - Hyang Mi Yu
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.M.Y.); (B.G.J.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Byeong Geun Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.M.Y.); (B.G.J.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Sung-Jin An
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (D.Y.P.); (S.-J.A.)
| | - Sung Hyuk Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.M.Y.); (B.G.J.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (D.Y.P.); (S.-J.A.)
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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30
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Lee K, Jeong S, Park J, Kim H. MoS 2-Embedded, Interpenetrating Network Composite Hydrogels that Show Controlled Release of Dyes and Tunable Strength. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25623-25630. [PMID: 34632218 PMCID: PMC8495838 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a conceptual design of hierarchical composite hydrogels. The hydrogel materials comprise MoS2 flakes and interpenetrating polymer networks, and further exhibit controlled release and tunable strength that are caused by the synergistic combination of select components. In terms of design, MoS2 flakes initiate radical polymerization of chosen monomers and simultaneously provide physical cross-linking points, both of which afford a primary composite network. Then, the sequential formation of additional networks results in functional, hierarchical, composite hydrogels. Therefore, we were able to demonstrate double-network hydrogels as a stimuli-responsive vector for programmed release of cargo molecules in response to heat or light or to form triple-network hydrogels showing tunable mechanical strength owing to intermolecular interaction between charged monomers and MoS2 flakes. The design concept would be expanded by incorporating other chalcogenides or functional monomers, which advance the properties and functionalities of materials and broadens the versatility of nanocomposite hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jieun Park
- School of Polymer Science
and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro,
Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- School of Polymer Science
and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro,
Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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31
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Jeong S, Yoo SW, Kim HJ, Park J, Kim JW, Lee C, Kim H. Recent Progress on Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging with Carbon-Based Nanocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5643. [PMID: 34640053 PMCID: PMC8510032 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For biomedical imaging, the interest in noninvasive imaging methods is ever increasing. Among many modalities, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), which is a combination of optical and ultrasound imaging techniques, has received attention because of its unique advantages such as high spatial resolution, deep penetration, and safety. Incorporation of exogenous imaging agents further amplifies the effective value of PAI, since they can deliver other specified functions in addition to imaging. For these agents, carbon-based materials can show a large specific surface area and interesting optoelectronic properties, which increase their effectiveness and have proved their potential in providing a theragnostic platform (diagnosis + therapy) that is essential for clinical use. In this review, we introduce the current state of the PAI modality, address recent progress on PAI imaging that takes advantage of carbon-based agents, and offer a future perspective on advanced PAI systems using carbon-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songah Jeong
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Su Woong Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 264, Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Korea;
| | - Hea Ji Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Jieun Park
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Ji Woo Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Changho Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 264, Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160, Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
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Payet F, Bouillet C, Leroux F, Leuvrey C, Rabu P, Schosseler F, Taviot-Guého C, Rogez G. Fast and efficient shear-force assisted production of covalently functionalized oxide nanosheets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:621-632. [PMID: 34520905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS While controlled and efficient exfoliation of layered oxides often remains a time consuming challenge, the surface modification of inorganic nanosheets is of outmost importance for future applications. The functionalization of the bulk material prior to exfoliation should allow the application of tools developped for Van der Waals materials to directly produce functionalized oxide nanosheets. EXPERIMENTS The Aurivillius phase Bi2SrTa2O9 is functionalized by a linear aliphatic phosphonic acid via microwave-assisted reactions. The structure of the hybrid material and the coordination of the phosphonate group is scrutinized, notably by Pair Distribution Function. This functionalized layered oxide is then exfoliated in one hour in organic solvent, using high shear force dispersion. The obtained nanosheets are characterized in suspension and as deposits to check their chemical integrity. FINDINGS The covalent functionalization decreases the electrostatic cohesion between the inorganic layers leading to an efficient exfoliation in short time under shearing. The functionalization of the bulk material is preserved on the nanosheets upon exfoliation and plays a major role to enable liquid-phase exfoliation and in the stability of the resulting suspensions. This strategy is very promising for the straighforward preparation of functionalized nanosheets, paving the way for versatile design of new (multi)functional hybrid nanosheets for various potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Payet
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
| | - Corinne Bouillet
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
| | - Fabrice Leroux
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6296, Clermont Auvergne INP, 24 av Blaise Pascal, BP 80026, 63171 Aubière cedex, France.
| | - Cédric Leuvrey
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
| | - Pierre Rabu
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
| | - François Schosseler
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess, BP84047, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
| | - Christine Taviot-Guého
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6296, Clermont Auvergne INP, 24 av Blaise Pascal, BP 80026, 63171 Aubière cedex, France.
| | - Guillaume Rogez
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
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Iannazzo D, Espro C, Celesti C, Ferlazzo A, Neri G. Smart Biosensors for Cancer Diagnosis Based on Graphene Quantum Dots. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3194. [PMID: 34206792 PMCID: PMC8269110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The timely diagnosis of cancer represents the best chance to increase treatment success and to reduce cancer deaths. Nanomaterials-based biosensors containing graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a sensing platform show great promise in the early and sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers, due to their unique chemical and physical properties, large surface area and ease of functionalization with different biomolecules able to recognize relevant cancer biomarkers. In this review, we report different advanced strategies for the synthesis and functionalization of GQDs with different agents able to selectively recognize and convert into a signal specific cancer biomarkers such as antigens, enzymes, hormones, proteins, cancer related byproducts, biomolecules exposed on the surface of cancer cells and changes in pH. The developed optical, electrochemical and chemiluminescent biosensors based on GQDs have been shown to ensure the effective diagnosis of several cancer diseases as well as the possibility to evaluate the effectiveness of anticancer therapy. The wide linear range of detection and low detection limits recorded for most of the reported biosensors highlight their great potential in clinics for the diagnosis and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iannazzo
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.E.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (G.N.)
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Lin H, Song Z, Bianco A. How macrophages respond to two-dimensional materials: a critical overview focusing on toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:333-356. [PMID: 33760696 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1885262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With wider use of graphene-based materials and other two-dimensional (2 D) materials in various fields, including electronics, composites, biomedicine, etc., 2 D materials can trigger undesired effects at cellular, tissue and organ level. Macrophages can be found in many organs. They are one of the most important cells in the immune system and they are relevant in the study of nanomaterials as they phagocytose them. Nanomaterials have multi-faceted effects on phagocytic immune cells like macrophages, showing signs of inflammation in the form of pro-inflammatory cytokine or reactive oxidation species production, or upregulation of activation markers due to the presence of these foreign bodies. This review is catered to researchers interested in the potential impact and toxicity of 2 D materials, particularly in macrophages, focusing on few-layer graphene, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, as well as other promising 2 D materials containing molybdenum, manganese, boron, phosphorus and tungsten. We describe applications relevant to the growing area of 2 D materials research, and the possible risks of ions and molecules used in the production of these promising 2 D materials, or those produced by the degradation and dissolution of 2 D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Lin
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Zhengmei Song
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
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Kim Y, Lee S, Yoon H. Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:540. [PMID: 33673106 PMCID: PMC7918670 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, polymers are competing with metals and ceramics to realize various material characteristics, including mechanical and electrical properties. However, most polymers consist of organic matter, making them vulnerable to flames and high-temperature conditions. In addition, the combustion of polymers consisting of different types of organic matter results in various gaseous hazards. Therefore, to minimize the fire damage, there has been a significant demand for developing polymers that are fire resistant or flame retardant. From this viewpoint, it is crucial to design and synthesize thermally stable polymers that are less likely to decompose into combustible gaseous species under high-temperature conditions. Flame retardants can also be introduced to further reinforce the fire performance of polymers. In this review, the combustion process of organic matter, types of flame retardants, and common flammability testing methods are reviewed. Furthermore, the latest research trends in the use of versatile nanofillers to enhance the fire performance of polymeric materials are discussed with an emphasis on their underlying action, advantages, and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyung Kim
- R&D Laboratory: Korea Fire Institute, 331 Jisam-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17088, Korea;
| | - Sanghyuck Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Chae S, Le TH, Park CS, Choi Y, Kim S, Lee U, Heo E, Lee H, Kim YA, Kwon OS, Yoon H. Anomalous restoration of sp 2 hybridization in graphene functionalization. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13351-13359. [PMID: 32572409 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03422c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of nanocarbon materials such as graphene has attracted considerable attention over the past decades. In this work, we designed and synthesized a unique N-heterocyclic carbene compound with a pyrene tail group (NHCp) to investigate how carbene species can be used for the functionalization of graphene. Although the carbene moiety of NHCp has the ability to covalently bond to graphene, the pyrene tail can noncovalently interact with graphene and allows monitoring its surrounding microenvironment. The major characteristics of the resulting nanohybrids were highly dependent on the type of graphene and the NHCp-to-graphene weight ratio. Importantly, despite the covalent functionalization of graphene, an anomalous decrease in the intensity of the Raman D peak and improved conductivity were observed for the nanohybrids. It was found that the covalent bond of NHCp to the graphene edge may allow the hybridization of their orbitals, which affects electronic energy levels and alters the double resonance process that originates the D peak at the edge defect. Importantly, the NHCp compound can act as a π acceptor (not just as a σ donor) via the NHCp-graphene covalent bridge. This is the first report showing that the concept of π-backdonation can be realized in two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, and rationally designed carbene molecules can functionalize graphene without losing their beneficial sp2 hybridization characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Chae
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Thanh-Hai Le
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea and Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Yunseok Choi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Semin Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Unhan Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Eunseo Heo
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Haney Lee
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea. and Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea. and Department of NanoBiotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea. and Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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