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Micovic K, Canuel A, Remtulla A, Chuyen A, Byrsan M, McGarry DJ, Olson MF. Mical1 deletion in tyrosinase expressing cells affects mouse running gaits. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 23:e70004. [PMID: 39344934 PMCID: PMC11440367 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.70004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal development is a highly regulated process that is dependent on the correct coordination of cellular responses to extracellular cues. In response to semaphorin axon guidance proteins, the MICAL1 protein is stimulated to produce reactive oxygen species that oxidize actin on specific methionine residues, leading to filamentous actin depolymerization and consequent changes in neuronal growth cone dynamics. Crossing genetically modified mice homozygous for floxed Mical1 (Mical1fl/fl) alleles with transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of a tyrosinase gene enhancer/promoter (Tyr::Cre) enabled conditional Mical1 deletion. Immunohistochemical analysis showed Mical1 expression in the cerebellum, which plays a prominent role in the coordination of motor movements, with reduced Mical1 expression in Mical1fl/fl mice co-expressing Tyr::Cre. Analysis of the gaits of mice running on a treadmill showed that both male and female Mical1fl/fl, Tyr::Cre mutant mice had significant alterations to their striding patterns relative to wild-type mice, although the specific aspects of their altered gaits differed between the sexes. Additional motor tests that involved movement on a rotating rod, descending a vertical pole, or crossing a balance beam did not show significant differences between the genotypes, suggesting that the effect of the Mical1fl/fl, Tyr::Cre genetic modifications was only manifested during specific highly coordinated movements that contribute to running. These findings indicate that there is a behavioral consequence in Mical1fl/fl, Tyr::Cre mutant mice that affects motor control as manifested by alterations in their gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Micovic
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyToronto Metropolitan UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Alicia Canuel
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Aasiya Remtulla
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Alexandre Chuyen
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyToronto Metropolitan UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Margarita Byrsan
- Biomedical Engineering ProgramToronto Metropolitan UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - David J. McGarry
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyToronto Metropolitan UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Michael F. Olson
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyToronto Metropolitan UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Biomedical Engineering ProgramToronto Metropolitan UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
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2
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Schuldt C, Khudayberdiev S, Chandra BD, Linne U, Rust MB. Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) inhibits inverted formin 2 (INF2) to induce dendritic spine maturation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:353. [PMID: 39154297 PMCID: PMC11335277 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The morphology of dendritic spines, the postsynaptic compartment of most excitatory synapses, decisively modulates the function of neuronal circuits as also evident from human brain disorders associated with altered spine density or morphology. Actin filaments (F-actin) form the backbone of spines, and a number of actin-binding proteins (ABP) have been implicated in shaping the cytoskeleton in mature spines. Instead, only little is known about the mechanisms that control the reorganization from unbranched F-actin of immature spines to the complex, highly branched cytoskeleton of mature spines. Here, we demonstrate impaired spine maturation in hippocampal neurons upon genetic inactivation of cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) and CAP2, but not of CAP1 or CAP2 alone. We found a similar spine maturation defect upon overactivation of inverted formin 2 (INF2), a nucleator of unbranched F-actin with hitherto unknown synaptic function. While INF2 overactivation failed in altering spine density or morphology in CAP-deficient neurons, INF2 inactivation largely rescued their spine defects. From our data we conclude that CAPs inhibit INF2 to induce spine maturation. Since we previously showed that CAPs promote cofilin1-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling in mature spines, we identified them as a molecular switch that control transition from filopodia-like to mature spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Schuldt
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sharof Khudayberdiev
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ben-David Chandra
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Linne
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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3
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Thomas KM, Spitzer N. Silver nanoparticles induce formation of multi-protein aggregates that contain cadherin but do not colocalize with nanoparticles. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105837. [PMID: 38692336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly incorporated in diverse products to confer antimicrobial properties. They are released into the environment during manufacture, after disposal, and from the products during use. Because AgNPs bioaccumulate in brain, it is important to understand how they interact with neural cell physiology. We found that the focal adhesion (FA)-associated protein cadherin aggregated in a dose-dependent response to AgNP exposure in differentiating cultured B35 neuroblastoma cells. These aggregates tended to colocalize with F-actin inclusions that form in response to AgNP and also contain β-catenin. However, using hyperspectral microscopy, we demonstrate that these multi-protein aggregates did not colocalize with the AgNPs themselves. Furthermore, expression and organization of the FA protein vinculin did not change in cells exposed to AgNP. Our findings suggest that AgNPs activate an intermediate mechanism which leads to formation of aggregates via specific protein-protein interactions. Finally, we detail the changes in hyperspectral profiles of AgNPs during different stages of cell culture and immunocytochemistry processing. AgNPs in citrate-stabilized solution present mostly blue with some rainbow spectra and these are maintained upon mounting in Prolong Gold. Exposure to tissue culture medium results in a uniform green spectral shift that is not further altered by fixation and protein block steps of immunocytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaden M Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, One John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Nadja Spitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, One John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV, USA.
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4
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Micinski D, Hotulainen P. Actin polymerization and longitudinal actin fibers in axon initial segment plasticity. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1376997. [PMID: 38799616 PMCID: PMC11120970 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1376997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The location of the axon initial segment (AIS) at the junction between the soma and axon of neurons makes it instrumental in maintaining neural polarity and as the site for action potential generation. The AIS is also capable of large-scale relocation in an activity-dependent manner. This represents a form of homeostatic plasticity in which neurons regulate their own excitability by changing the size and/or position of the AIS. While AIS plasticity is important for proper functionality of AIS-containing neurons, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AIS plasticity are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed changes in the AIS actin cytoskeleton during AIS plasticity using 3D structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM). We showed that the number of longitudinal actin fibers increased transiently 3 h after plasticity induction. We further showed that actin polymerization, especially formin mediated actin polymerization, is required for AIS plasticity and formation of longitudinal actin fibers. From the formin family of proteins, Daam1 localized to the ends of longitudinal actin fibers. These results indicate that active re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton is required for proper AIS plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Micinski
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- HiLIFE-Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Wang G, Wang W, Zhang Y, Gou X, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Zhang K, Zhang H, Yang J, Li Y. Ethanol changes Nestin-promoter induced neural stem cells to disturb newborn dendritic spine remodeling in the hippocampus of mice. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:416-424. [PMID: 37488906 PMCID: PMC10503613 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent binge drinking leads to long-lasting disorders of the adult central nervous system, particularly aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis. In this study, we applied in vivo fluorescent tracing using NestinCreERT2::Rosa26-tdTomato mice and analyzed the endogenous neurogenesis lineage progression of neural stem cells (NSCs) and dendritic spine formation of newborn neurons in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. We found abnormal orientation of tamoxifen-induced tdTomato+ (tdTom+) NSCs in adult mice 2 months after treatment with EtOH (5.0 g/kg, i.p.) for 7 consecutive days. EtOH markedly inhibited tdTom+ NSCs activation and hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse dentate gyrus from adolescence to adulthood. EtOH (100 mM) also significantly inhibited the proliferation to 39.2% and differentiation of primary NSCs in vitro. Adult mice exposed to EtOH also exhibited marked inhibitions in dendritic spine growth and newborn neuron maturation in the dentate gyrus, which was partially reversed by voluntary running or inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin-enhancer of zeste homolog 2 pathway. In vivo tracing revealed that EtOH induced abnormal orientation of tdTom+ NSCs and spatial misposition defects of newborn neurons, thus causing the disturbance of hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic spine remodeling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Gou
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanmiao Huang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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6
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Lee H, Kang H, Moon C, Youn B. PAK3 downregulation induces cognitive impairment following cranial irradiation. eLife 2023; 12:RP89221. [PMID: 38131292 PMCID: PMC10746143 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial irradiation is used for prophylactic brain radiotherapy as well as the treatment of primary brain tumors. Despite its high efficiency, it often induces unexpected side effects, including cognitive dysfunction. Herein, we observed that mice exposed to cranial irradiation exhibited cognitive dysfunction, including altered spontaneous behavior, decreased spatial memory, and reduced novel object recognition. Analysis of the actin cytoskeleton revealed that ionizing radiation (IR) disrupted the filamentous/globular actin (F/G-actin) ratio and downregulated the actin turnover signaling pathway p21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3)-LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1)-cofilin. Furthermore, we found that IR could upregulate microRNA-206-3 p (miR-206-3 p) targeting PAK3. As the inhibition of miR-206-3 p through antagonist (antagomiR), IR-induced disruption of PAK3 signaling is restored. In addition, intranasal administration of antagomiR-206-3 p recovered IR-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Our results suggest that cranial irradiation-induced cognitive impairment could be ameliorated by regulating PAK3 through antagomiR-206-3 p, thereby affording a promising strategy for protecting cognitive function during cranial irradiation, and promoting quality of life in patients with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksoo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
- Nuclear Science Research Institute, Pusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
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7
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Vega-Rivera NM, González-Trujano ME, Luna-Angula A, Sánchez-Chapul L, Estrada-Camarena E. Antidepressant-like effects of the Punica granatum and citalopram combination are associated with structural changes in dendritic spines of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1211663. [PMID: 37900157 PMCID: PMC10613096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1211663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Natural products such as phytoestrogens-enriched foods or supplements have been considered as an alternative therapy to reduce depressive symptoms associated with menopause. It is known that the aqueous extract of Punica granatum (AE-PG) exerts antidepressant-like effects by activating β-estrogen receptors and facilitates the antidepressant response of the clinical drug citalopram (CIT). However, the effects on neuroplasticity are unknown. Objectvie investigated the antidepressant-like response of combining AE-PG and CIT at sub-optimal doses, analyzing their effects on the formation and maturation of dendrite spines in granule cells as well as on the dendrite complexity. Methods: Ovariectomized Wistar rats (3-month-old) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: A) control (saline solution as vehicle of CIT and AE-PG, B) AE-PG at a sub-threshold dose (vehicle of CIT plus AE-PG at 0.125 mg/kg), C) CIT at a sub-threshold dose (0.77 mg/kg plus vehicle of AE-PG), and D) a combination of CIT plus AE-PG (0.125 mg/kg and 0.77 mg/kg, respectively). All rats were treated intraperitoneally for 14 days. Antidepressant-like effects were evaluated using the force swimming test test (FST). The complexity of dendrites and the number and morphology of dendrite spines of neurons were assessed in the dentate gyrus after Golgi-Cox impregnation. The expressions of the mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) in plasma and of mBDNF and synaptophysin in the hippocampus, as markers of synaptogenesis, were also determined. Results: Administration of CIT combined with AE-PG, but not alone, induced a significant antidepressant-like effect in the FST with an increase in the dendritic complexity and the number of dendritic spines in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, revealed by the thin and stubby categories of neurons at the granular cell layer. At the same time, an increase of mBDNF and synaptophysin expression was observed in the hippocampus of rats that received the combination of AE-PG and CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly-Maritza Vega-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexandra Luna-Angula
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Sánchez-Chapul
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Borghi R, Trivisano M, Specchio N, Tartaglia M, Compagnucci C. Understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying altered neuronal function associated with CAMK2B mutations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105299. [PMID: 37391113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
'Dominant mutations in CAMK2B, encoding a subunit of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2), a serine/threonine kinase playing a key role in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, underlie a recently characterized neurodevelopmental disorder (MRD54) characterized by delayed psychomotor development, mild to severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, and behavioral abnormalities. Targeted therapies to treat MRD54 are currently unavailable. In this review, we revise current knowledge on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the altered neuronal function associated with defective CAMKIIβ function. We also summarize the identified genotype-phenotype correlations and discuss the disease models that have been generated to profile the altered neuronal phenotype and understand the pathophysiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Borghi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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9
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Rivero-Ríos P, Tsukahara T, Uygun T, Chen A, Chavis GD, Giridharan SSP, Iwase S, Sutton MA, Weisman LS. Recruitment of the SNX17-Retriever recycling pathway regulates synaptic function and plasticity. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202207025. [PMID: 37141105 PMCID: PMC10165670 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202207025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of cell-surface proteins from endosomes to the plasma membrane is a key mechanism to regulate synaptic function. In non-neuronal cells, proteins recycle to the plasma membrane either via the SNX27-Retromer-WASH pathway or via the recently discovered SNX17-Retriever-CCC-WASH pathway. While SNX27 is responsible for the recycling of key neuronal receptors, the roles of SNX17 in neurons are less understood. Here, using cultured hippocampal neurons, we demonstrate that the SNX17 pathway regulates synaptic function and plasticity. Disruption of this pathway results in a loss of excitatory synapses and prevents structural plasticity during chemical long-term potentiation (cLTP). cLTP drives SNX17 recruitment to synapses, where its roles are in part mediated by regulating the surface expression of β1-integrin. SNX17 recruitment relies on NMDAR activation, CaMKII signaling, and requires binding to the Retriever and PI(3)P. Together, these findings provide molecular insights into the regulation of SNX17 at synapses and define key roles for SNX17 in synaptic maintenance and in regulating enduring forms of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivero-Ríos
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Takao Tsukahara
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tunahan Uygun
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alex Chen
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Garrett D. Chavis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sai Srinivas Panapakkam Giridharan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael A. Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lois S. Weisman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Ignácz A, Nagy-Herczeg D, Hausser A, Schlett K. Dendritic effects of genetically encoded actin-labeling probes in cultured hippocampal neurons. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:br8. [PMID: 36989034 PMCID: PMC10295473 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-08-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton predominantly regulates the formation and maintenance of synapses by controlling dendritic spine morphology and motility. To visualize actin dynamics, actin molecules can be labeled by genetically fusing fluorescent proteins to actin monomers, actin-binding proteins, or single-chain anti-actin antibodies. In the present study, we compared the dendritic effect of EGFP-actin, LifeAct-TagGFP2 (LifeAct-GFP), and Actin-Chromobody-TagGFP2 (AC-GFP) in mouse cultured hippocampal neurons using unbiased quantitative methods. The actin-binding probes LifeAct-GFP and AC-GFP showed similar affinity to F-actin, but in contrast to EGFP-actin, they did not reveal subtle changes in actin remodeling between mushroom-shaped spines and filopodia. All tested actin probes colocalized with phalloidin similarly; however, the enrichment of LifeAct-GFP in dendritic spines was remarkably lower compared with the other constructs. LifeAct-GFP expression was tolerated at a higher expression level compared with EGFP-actin and AC-GFP with only subtle differences identified in dendritic spine morphology and protrusion density. While EGFP-actin and LifeAct-GFP expression did not alter dendritic arborization, AC-GFP-expressing neurons displayed a reduced dendritic tree. Thus, although all tested actin probes may be suitable for actin imaging studies, certain limitations should be considered before performing experiments with a particular actin-labeling probe in primary neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Ignácz
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domonkos Nagy-Herczeg
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katalin Schlett
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Heinze A, Schuldt C, Khudayberdiev S, van Bommel B, Hacker D, Schulz TG, Stringhi R, Marcello E, Mikhaylova M, Rust MB. Functional interdependence of the actin regulators CAP1 and cofilin1 in control of dendritic spine morphology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:558. [PMID: 36264429 PMCID: PMC9585016 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of excitatory synapses are formed on small dendritic protrusions termed dendritic spines. Dendritic spines vary in size and density that are crucial determinants of excitatory synaptic transmission. Aberrations in spine morphogenesis can compromise brain function and have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Actin filaments (F-actin) are the major structural component of dendritic spines, and therefore, actin-binding proteins (ABP) that control F-actin dis-/assembly moved into the focus as critical regulators of brain function. Studies of the past decade identified the ABP cofilin1 as a key regulator of spine morphology, synaptic transmission, and behavior, and they emphasized the necessity for a tight control of cofilin1 to ensure proper brain function. Here, we report spine enrichment of cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), a conserved multidomain protein with largely unknown physiological functions. Super-resolution microscopy and live cell imaging of CAP1-deficient hippocampal neurons revealed impaired synaptic F-actin organization and dynamics associated with alterations in spine morphology. Mechanistically, we found that CAP1 cooperates with cofilin1 in spines and that its helical folded domain is relevant for this interaction. Moreover, our data proved functional interdependence of CAP1 and cofilin1 in control of spine morphology. In summary, we identified CAP1 as a novel regulator of the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton that is essential for synaptic cofilin1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Heinze
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Cara Schuldt
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sharof Khudayberdiev
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bas van Bommel
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Hacker
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Guest Group 'Neuronal Protein Transport', Institute for Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Toni G Schulz
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Stringhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Guest Group 'Neuronal Protein Transport', Institute for Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
- DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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12
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Yu QS, Feng WQ, Shi LL, Niu RZ, Liu J. Integrated Analysis of Cortex Single-Cell Transcriptome and Serum Proteome Reveals the Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1022. [PMID: 36009085 PMCID: PMC9405865 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-based proteomic analysis is a routine practice for detecting the biomarkers of human disease. The results obtained from blood alone cannot fully reflect the alterations of nerve cells, including neurons and glia cells, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate novel potential AD biomarker candidates, through an integrated multi-omics approach in AD. We propose a comprehensive strategy to identify high-confidence candidate biomarkers by integrating multi-omics data from AD, including single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) datasets of the prefrontal and entorhinal cortices, as wells as serum proteomic datasets. We first quantified a total of 124,658 nuclei, 8 cell types, and 3701 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from snRNA-seq dataset of 30 human cortices, as well as 1291 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) from serum proteomic dataset of 11 individuals. Then, ten DEGs/DEPs (NEBL, CHSY3, STMN2, MARCKS, VIM, FGD4, EPB41L2, PLEKHG1, PTPRZ1, and PPP1R14A) were identified by integration analysis of snRNA-seq and proteomics data. Finally, four novel candidate biomarkers (NEBL, EPB41L2, FGD4, and MARCKS) for AD further stood out, according to bioinformatics analysis, and they were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) verification. These candidate biomarkers are related to the regulation process of the actin cytoskeleton, which is involved in the regulation of synaptic loss in the AD brain tissue. Collectively, this study identified novel cell type-related biomarkers for AD by integrating multi-omics datasets from brains and serum. Our findings provided new targets for the clinical treatment and prognosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui-Ze Niu
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (Q.-S.Y.); (W.-Q.F.); (L.-L.S.)
| | - Jia Liu
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (Q.-S.Y.); (W.-Q.F.); (L.-L.S.)
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13
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Muhia M, YuanXiang P, Sedlacik J, Schwarz JR, Heisler FF, Gromova KV, Thies E, Breiden P, Pechmann Y, Kreutz MR, Kneussel M. Muskelin regulates actin-dependent synaptic changes and intrinsic brain activity relevant to behavioral and cognitive processes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:589. [PMID: 35705737 PMCID: PMC9200775 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Muskelin (Mkln1) is implicated in neuronal function, regulating plasma membrane receptor trafficking. However, its influence on intrinsic brain activity and corresponding behavioral processes remains unclear. Here we show that murine Mkln1 knockout causes non-habituating locomotor activity, increased exploratory drive, and decreased locomotor response to amphetamine. Muskelin deficiency impairs social novelty detection while promoting the retention of spatial reference memory and fear extinction recall. This is strongly mirrored in either weaker or stronger resting-state functional connectivity between critical circuits mediating locomotor exploration and cognition. We show that Mkln1 deletion alters dendrite branching and spine structure, coinciding with enhanced AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission but selective impairment in synaptic potentiation maintenance. We identify muskelin at excitatory synapses and highlight its role in regulating dendritic spine actin stability. Our findings point to aberrant spine actin modulation and changes in glutamatergic synaptic function as critical mechanisms that contribute to the neurobehavioral phenotype arising from Mkln1 ablation. A murine muskelin knockout induces increased exploratory drive and alters cognition and functional connectivity. These effects correlate with actin-dependent changes in dendritic branching, spine structure, and AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Muhia
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - PingAn YuanXiang
- RG Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Sedlacik
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jürgen R Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank F Heisler
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kira V Gromova
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edda Thies
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Breiden
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pechmann
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3: Ion Channels, Plasticity, and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084413. [PMID: 35457230 PMCID: PMC9028019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3) is a multifaceted serine/threonine (S/T) kinase expressed in all eukaryotic cells. GSK3β is highly enriched in neurons in the central nervous system where it acts as a central hub for intracellular signaling downstream of receptors critical for neuronal function. Unlike other kinases, GSK3β is constitutively active, and its modulation mainly involves inhibition via upstream regulatory pathways rather than increased activation. Through an intricate converging signaling system, a fine-tuned balance of active and inactive GSK3β acts as a central point for the phosphorylation of numerous primed and unprimed substrates. Although the full range of molecular targets is still unknown, recent results show that voltage-gated ion channels are among the downstream targets of GSK3β. Here, we discuss the direct and indirect mechanisms by which GSK3β phosphorylates voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav1.2 and Nav1.6) and voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv4 and Kv7) and their physiological effects on intrinsic excitability, neuronal plasticity, and behavior. We also present evidence for how unbalanced GSK3β activity can lead to maladaptive plasticity that ultimately renders neuronal circuitry more vulnerable, increasing the risk for developing neuropsychiatric disorders. In conclusion, GSK3β-dependent modulation of voltage-gated ion channels may serve as an important pharmacological target for neurotherapeutic development.
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15
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Adeyelu T, Shrestha A, Adeniyi PA, Lee CC, Ogundele OM. CA1 Spike Timing is Impaired in the 129S Inbred Strain During Cognitive Tasks. Neuroscience 2022; 484:119-138. [PMID: 34800576 PMCID: PMC8844212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A spontaneous mutation of the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (Disc1) gene is carried by the 129S inbred mouse strain. Truncated DISC1 protein in 129S mouse synapses impairs the scaffolding of excitatory postsynaptic receptors and leads to progressive spine dysgenesis. In contrast, C57BL/6 inbred mice carry the wild-type Disc1 gene and exhibit more typical cognitive performance in spatial exploration and executive behavioral tests. Because of the innate Disc1 mutation, adult 129S inbred mice exhibit the behavioral phenotypes of outbred B6 Disc1 knockdown (Disc1-/-) or Disc1-L-100P mutant strains. Recent studies in Disc1-/- and L-100P mice have shown that impaired excitation-driven interneuron activity and low hippocampal theta power underlie the behavioral phenotypes that resemble human depression and schizophrenia. The current study compared the firing rate and connectivity profile of putative neurons in the CA1 of freely behaving inbred 129S and B6 mice, which have mutant and wild-type Disc1 genes, respectively. In cognitive behavioral tests, 129S mice had lower exploration scores than B6 mice. Furthermore, the mean firing rate for 129S putative pyramidal (pyr) cells and interneurons (int) was significantly lower than that for B6 CA1 neurons sampled during similar tasks. Analysis of pyr/int connectivity revealed a significant delay in synaptic transmission for 129S putative pairs. Sampled 129S pyr/int pairs also had lower detectability index scores than B6 putative pairs. Therefore, the spontaneous Disc1 mutation in the 129S strain attenuates the firing of putative pyr CA1 neurons and impairs spike timing fidelity during cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Adeyelu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Baton Rouge, LA70803, Louisiana
| | - Amita Shrestha
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Baton Rouge, LA70803, Louisiana
| | - Philip A. Adeniyi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Baton Rouge, LA70803, Louisiana
| | - Charles C. Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Baton Rouge, LA70803, Louisiana
| | - Olalekan M. Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Baton Rouge, LA70803, Louisiana
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16
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Abstract
The cognitive dysfunction experienced by patients with schizophrenia represents a major unmet clinical need. We believe that enhancing synaptic function and plasticity by targeting kalirin may provide a novel means to remediate these symptoms. Karilin (a protein encoded by the KALRN gene) has multiple functional domains, including two Dbl homology (DH) guanine exchange factor (GEF) domains, which act to enhance the activity of the Rho family guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-ases. Here, we provide an overview of kalirin's roles in brain function and its therapeutic potential in schizophrenia. We outline how it mediates diverse effects via a suite of distinct isoforms that couple to members of the Rho GTPase family to regulate synapse formation and stabilisation, and how genomic and post-mortem data implicate it in schizophrenia. We then review the current state of knowledge about the influence of kalirin on brain function at a systems level, based largely on evidence from transgenic mouse models, which support its proposed role in regulating dendritic spine function and plasticity. We demonstrate that, whilst the GTPases are classically considered to be 'undruggable', targeting kalirin and other Rho GEFs provides a means to indirectly modulate their activity. Finally, we integrate across the information presented to assess the therapeutic potential of kalirin for schizophrenia and highlight the key outstanding questions required to advance it in this capacity; namely, the need for more information about the diversity and function of its isoforms, how these change across neurodevelopment, and how they affect brain function in vivo.
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17
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Feng Y, Shi R, Hu J, Lou S. Effects of neural-derived estradiol on actin polymerization and synaptic plasticity-related proteins in prefrontal and hippocampal cells of mice. Steroids 2022; 177:108935. [PMID: 34715132 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural-derived 17β-estradiol (E2) plays an important role in the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, but the mechanism is not well defined. This study was designed to explore the effect and mechanism of neural-derived E2 on synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Primary cultured hippocampal and prefrontal cells in mice were randomly divided into the DMSO (D), aromatase (Rate-limiting enzymes for E2 synthesizes) inhibitor letrozole (L), and ERs antagonist (MPG) treated groups. After intervention for 48 h, the cell was collected, and then, the expressions of AMPA-receptor subunit GluR1 (GluR1), synaptophysin (SYN), p-21-Activated kinase (PAK) phosphorylation, Rho kinase (ROCK), p-Cofilin, F-actin, and G-actin proteins were detected. Letrozole or ER antagonists inhibited the expression of GluR1, F-actin/G-actin, p-PAK and p-Cofilin proteins in prefrontal cells significantly. And the expressions of GluR1 and F-actin/G-actin proteins were declined in hippocampal cells markedly after adding letrozole or ERs antagonists. In conclusion, neural-derived E2 and ERs regulated the synaptic plasticity, possibly due to promoting actin polymerization in prefrontal and hippocampal cells. The regional specificity in the effect of neural-derived E2 and ERs on the actin polymerization-related pathway may provide a theoretical basis for the functional differences between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Shanghai University of Sport, Kinesiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rengfei Shi
- Shanghai University of Sport, Kinesiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Kinesiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujie Lou
- Shanghai University of Sport, Kinesiology, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Foliaki ST, Schwarz B, Groveman BR, Walters RO, Ferreira NC, Orrù CD, Smith A, Wood A, Schmit OM, Freitag P, Yuan J, Zou W, Bosio CM, Carroll JA, Haigh CL. Neuronal excitatory-to-inhibitory balance is altered in cerebral organoid models of genetic neurological diseases. Mol Brain 2021; 14:156. [PMID: 34635127 PMCID: PMC8507222 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuro-physiological properties of individuals with genetic pre-disposition to neurological disorders are largely unknown. Here we aimed to explore these properties using cerebral organoids (COs) derived from fibroblasts of individuals with confirmed genetic mutations including PRNPE200K, trisomy 21 (T21), and LRRK2G2019S, which are associated with Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, Down Syndrome, and Parkinson's disease. We utilized no known disease/healthy COs (HC) as normal function controls. At 3-4 and 6-10 months post-differentiation, COs with mutations showed no evidence of disease-related pathology. Electrophysiology assessment showed that all COs exhibited mature neuronal firing at 6-10 months old. At this age, we observed significant changes in the electrophysiology of the COs with disease-associated mutations (dCOs) as compared with the HC, including reduced neuronal network communication, slowing neuronal oscillations, and increased coupling of delta and theta phases to the amplitudes of gamma oscillations. Such changes were linked with the detection of hypersynchronous events like spike-and-wave discharges. These dysfunctions were associated with altered production and release of neurotransmitters, compromised activity of excitatory ionotropic receptors including receptors of kainate, AMPA, and NMDA, and changed levels and function of excitatory glutamatergic synapses and inhibitory GABAergic synapses. Neuronal properties that modulate GABAergic inhibition including the activity of Na-K-Cl cotransport 1 (NKCC1) in Cl- homeostasis and the levels of synaptic and extra-synaptic localization of GABA receptors (GABARs) were altered in the T21 COs only. The neurosteroid allopregnanolone, a positive modulator of GABARs, was downregulated in all the dCOs. Treatment with this neurosteroid significantly improved the neuronal communication in the dCOs, possibly through improving the GABAergic inhibition. Overall, without the manifestation of any disease-related pathology, the genetic mutations PRNPE200K, T21, and LRRK2G2019S significantly altered the neuronal network communication in dCOs by disrupting the excitatory-to-inhibitory balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simote T Foliaki
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Bradley R Groveman
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Ryan O Walters
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Natalia C Ferreira
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Christina D Orrù
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Anna Smith
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Aleksandar Wood
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Olivia M Schmit
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Phoebe Freitag
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Jue Yuan
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Wenquan Zou
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Catharine M Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - James A Carroll
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Cathryn L Haigh
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been shown to modulate neuronal signaling in homeostasis and diseases. In homeostasis, IL-1 regulates sleep and memory formation, whereas in diseases, IL-1 impairs memory and alters affect. Interestingly, IL-1 can cause long-lasting changes in behavior, suggesting IL-1 can alter neuroplasticity. The neuroplastic effects of IL-1 are mediated via its cognate receptor, Interleukin-1 Type 1 Receptor (IL-1R1), and are dependent on the distribution and cell type(s) of IL-1R1 expression. Recent reports found that IL-1R1 expression is restricted to discrete subpopulations of neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells and suggest IL-1 can influence neural circuits directly through neuronal IL-1R1 or indirectly via non-neuronal IL-1R1. In this review, we analyzed multiple mechanisms by which IL-1/IL-1R1 signaling might impact neuroplasticity based upon the most up-to-date literature and provided potential explanations to clarify discrepant and confusing findings reported in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Nemeth
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ning Quan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
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20
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GSK3 as a Regulator of Cytoskeleton Architecture: Consequences for Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082092. [PMID: 34440861 PMCID: PMC8393567 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) was initially isolated as a critical protein in energy metabolism. However, subsequent studies indicate that GSK-3 is a multi-tasking kinase that links numerous signaling pathways in a cell and plays a vital role in the regulation of many aspects of cellular physiology. As a regulator of actin and tubulin cytoskeleton, GSK3 influences processes of cell polarization, interaction with the extracellular matrix, and directional migration of cells and their organelles during the growth and development of an animal organism. In this review, the roles of GSK3–cytoskeleton interactions in brain development and pathology, migration of healthy and cancer cells, and in cellular trafficking of mitochondria will be discussed.
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21
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Niu F, Sharma A, Wang Z, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Menon PK, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanodelivery of oxiracetam enhances memory, functional recovery and induces neuroprotection following concussive head injury. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:139-230. [PMID: 34560921 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Military personnel are the most susceptible to concussive head injury (CHI) caused by explosion, blast or missile or blunt head trauma. Mild to moderate CHI could induce lifetime functional and cognitive disturbances causing significant decrease in quality of life. Severe CHI leads to instant death and lifetime paralysis. Thus, further exploration of novel therapeutic agents or new features of known pharmacological agents are needed to enhance quality of life of CHI victims. Previous reports from our laboratory showed that mild CHI induced by weight drop technique causing an impact of 0.224N results in profound progressive functional deficit, memory impairment and brain pathology from 5h after trauma that continued over several weeks of injury. In this investigation we report that TiO2 nanowired delivery of oxiracetam (50mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 5 days after CHI resulted in significant improvement of functional deficit on the 8th day. This was observed using Rota Rod treadmill, memory improvement assessed by the time spent in finding hidden platform under water. The motor function improvement is seen in oxiracetam treated CHI group by placing forepaw on an inclined mesh walking and foot print analysis for stride length and distance between hind feet. TiO2-nanowired oxiracetam also induced marked improvements in the cerebral blood flow, reduction in the BBB breakdown and edema formation as well as neuroprotection of neuronal, glial and myelin damages caused by CHI at light and electron microscopy on the 7th day after 5 days TiO2 oxiracetam treatment. Adverse biochemical events such as upregulation of CSF nitrite and nitrate, IL-6, TNF-a and p-Tau are also reduced significantly in oxiracetam treated CHI group. On the other hand post treatment of 100mg/kg dose of normal oxiracetam in identical conditions after CHI is needed to show slight but significant neuroprotection together with mild recovery of memory function and functional deficits on the 8th day. These observations are the first to point out that nanowired delivery of oxiracetam has superior neuroprotective ability in CHI. These results indicate a promising clinical future of TiO2 oxiracetam in treating CHI patients for better quality of life and neurorehabilitation, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Niu
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Alimohamadi H, Bell MK, Halpain S, Rangamani P. Mechanical Principles Governing the Shapes of Dendritic Spines. Front Physiol 2021; 12:657074. [PMID: 34220531 PMCID: PMC8242199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.657074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, bulbous protrusions along the dendrites of neurons and are sites of excitatory postsynaptic activity. The morphology of spines has been implicated in their function in synaptic plasticity and their shapes have been well-characterized, but the potential mechanics underlying their shape development and maintenance have not yet been fully understood. In this work, we explore the mechanical principles that could underlie specific shapes using a minimal biophysical model of membrane-actin interactions. Using this model, we first identify the possible force regimes that give rise to the classic spine shapes-stubby, filopodia, thin, and mushroom-shaped spines. We also use this model to investigate how the spine neck might be stabilized using periodic rings of actin or associated proteins. Finally, we use this model to predict that the cooperation between force generation and ring structures can regulate the energy landscape of spine shapes across a wide range of tensions. Thus, our study provides insights into how mechanical aspects of actin-mediated force generation and tension can play critical roles in spine shape maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Alimohamadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Miriam K. Bell
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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23
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Chemical Stimulation of Rodent and Human Cortical Synaptosomes: Implications in Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051174. [PMID: 34065927 PMCID: PMC8151714 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity events, including long-term potentiation (LTP), are often regarded as correlates of brain functions of memory and cognition. One of the central players in these plasticity-related phenomena is the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor (AMPAR). Increased levels of AMPARs on postsynaptic membranes thus constitute a biochemical measure of LTP. Isolated synaptic terminals (synaptosomes) are an excellent ex vivo tool to monitor synaptic physiology in healthy and diseased brains, particularly in human research. We herein describe three protocols for chemically-induced LTP (cLTP) in synaptosomes from both rodent and human brain tissues. Two of these chemical stimulation protocols are described for the first time in synaptosomes. A pharmacological block of synaptosomal actin dynamics confirmed the efficiency of the cLTP protocols. Furthermore, the study prototypically evaluated the deficiency of cLTP in cortical synaptosomes obtained from human cases of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FLTD), as well as an animal model that mimics FLTD.
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24
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Lan Z, Meng Z, Lian B, Liu M, Sun T, Sun H, Liu Z, Hu Z, Guo Q, Zhang J. Hippocampal Aromatase Knockdown Aggravates Ovariectomy-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment, Aβ Accumulation and Neural Plasticity Deficiency in Adult Female Mice. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1188-1202. [PMID: 33559105 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian estrogens (mainly 17β estradiol, E2) have been involved in the regulation of the structure of hippocampus, the center of spatial memory. In recent years, high levels of aromatase (AROM), the estrogen synthase, has been localized in hippocampus; and this hippocampus-derived E2 seems to be functional in synaptic plasticity and spatial memory as ovarian E2 does. However, the contribution of ovarian E2 and hippocampal E2 to spatial memory and neural plasticity remains unclear. In this study, AROM-specific RNA interference AAVs (shAROM) were constructed and injected into the hippocampus of control or ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Four weeks later the spatial learning and memory behavior was examined with Morris water maze, the expression of hippocampal Aβ related proteins, selected synaptic proteins and CA1 synapse density, actin polymerization related proteins and CA1 spine density were also examined. The results showed that while OVX and hippocampal shAROM contributed similarly to most of the parameters examined, shAROM induced more increase in BACE1 (amyloidogenic β-secretase), more decrease in neprilysin (Aβ remover) and Profilin-1 (actin polymerization inducer). More importantly, combined OVX and shAROM treatment displayed most significant impairment of spatial learning and memory as well as decrease in synaptic plasticity compared to OVX or shAROM alone. In conclusion, the above results clearly demonstrated the crucial role of hippocampal E2 in the regulation of the structure and function of hippocampus besides ovarian E2, indicating that hippocampal E2 content should also be taken into consideration during estrogenic replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lan
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoyou Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Biyao Lian
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The 63650 Hospital of PLA, Malan, China
| | - Huan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenxin Hu
- Battalion One of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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25
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Bertling E, Blaesse P, Seja P, Kremneva E, Gateva G, Virtanen MA, Summanen M, Spoljaric I, Uvarov P, Blaesse M, Paavilainen VO, Vutskits L, Kaila K, Hotulainen P, Ruusuvuori E. Carbonic anhydrase seven bundles filamentous actin and regulates dendritic spine morphology and density. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50145. [PMID: 33719157 PMCID: PMC8025036 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pH is a potent modulator of neuronal functions. By catalyzing (de)hydration of CO2 , intracellular carbonic anhydrase (CAi ) isoforms CA2 and CA7 contribute to neuronal pH buffering and dynamics. The presence of two highly active isoforms in neurons suggests that they may serve isozyme-specific functions unrelated to CO2 -(de)hydration. Here, we show that CA7, unlike CA2, binds to filamentous actin, and its overexpression induces formation of thick actin bundles and membrane protrusions in fibroblasts. In CA7-overexpressing neurons, CA7 is enriched in dendritic spines, which leads to aberrant spine morphology. We identified amino acids unique to CA7 that are required for direct actin interactions, promoting actin filament bundling and spine targeting. Disruption of CA7 expression in neocortical neurons leads to higher spine density due to increased proportion of small spines. Thus, our work demonstrates highly distinct subcellular expression patterns of CA7 and CA2, and a novel, structural role of CA7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enni Bertling
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Institute for Medical ResearchBiomedicum Helsinki 2UHelsinkiFinland
| | - Peter Blaesse
- Institute of Physiology IWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterMünsterGermany
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Patricia Seja
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Mari A Virtanen
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Anesthesiology, PharmacologyIntensive Care and Emergency MedicineUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Milla Summanen
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Inkeri Spoljaric
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pavel Uvarov
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Laszlo Vutskits
- Department of Anesthesiology, PharmacologyIntensive Care and Emergency MedicineUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Kai Kaila
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Institute for Medical ResearchBiomedicum Helsinki 2UHelsinkiFinland
| | - Eva Ruusuvuori
- Neuroscience CenterHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesMolecular and Integrative Biosciences, and HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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26
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Phasuk S, Pairojana T, Suresh P, Yang CH, Roytrakul S, Huang SP, Chen CC, Pakaprot N, Chompoopong S, Nudmamud-Thanoi S, Liu IY. Enhanced contextual fear memory in peroxiredoxin 6 knockout mice is associated with hyperactivation of MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Brain 2021; 14:42. [PMID: 33632301 PMCID: PMC7908735 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear dysregulation is one of the symptoms found in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. The functional abnormality of the hippocampus is known to be implicated in the development of such pathology. Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. This antioxidant enzyme is expressed throughout the brain, including the hippocampus. Recent evidence reveals that PRDX6 plays an important role in redox regulation and the modulation of several signaling molecules involved in fear regulation. Thus, we hypothesized that PRDX6 plays a role in the regulation of fear memory. We subjected a systemic Prdx6 knockout (Prdx6-/-) mice to trace fear conditioning and observed enhanced fear response after training. Intraventricular injection of lentivirus-carried mouse Prdx6 into the 3rd ventricle reduced the enhanced fear response in these knockout mice. Proteomic analysis followed by validation of western blot analysis revealed that several proteins in the MAPK pathway, such as NTRK2, AKT, and phospho-ERK1/2, cPLA2 were significantly upregulated in the hippocampus of Prdx6-/- mice during the retrieval stage of contextual fear memory. The distribution of PRDX6 found in the astrocytes was also observed throughout the hippocampus. This study identifies PRDX6 as a participant in the regulation of fear response. It suggests that PRDX6 and related molecules may have important implications for understanding fear-dysregulation associated disorders like PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarayut Phasuk
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanita Pairojana
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pavithra Suresh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Hing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Narawut Pakaprot
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supin Chompoopong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Ingrid Y. Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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27
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Sculpting Dendritic Spines during Initiation and Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain. J Neurosci 2021; 40:7578-7589. [PMID: 32998955 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1664-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has established a firm role for synaptic plasticity in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Recent advances have highlighted the importance of dendritic spine remodeling in driving synaptic plasticity within the CNS. Identifying the molecular players underlying neuropathic pain induced structural and functional maladaptation is therefore critical to understanding its pathophysiology. This process of dynamic reorganization happens in unique phases that have diverse pathologic underpinnings in the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Recent evidence suggests that pharmacological targeting of specific proteins during distinct phases of neuropathic pain development produces enhanced antinociception. These findings outline a potential new paradigm for targeted treatment and the development of novel therapies for neuropathic pain. We present a concise review of the role of dendritic spines in neuropathic pain and outline the potential for modulation of spine dynamics by targeting two proteins, srGAP3 and Rac1, critically involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
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28
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Jo D, Yoon G, Song J. Role of Exendin-4 in Brain Insulin Resistance, Mitochondrial Function, and Neurite Outgrowth in Neurons under Palmitic Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010078. [PMID: 33435277 PMCID: PMC7827489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone produced by the gut and brain, and is currently being used as a therapeutic drug for type 2 diabetes and obesity, suggesting that it regulates abnormal appetite patterns, and ameliorates impaired glucose metabolism. Many researchers have demonstrated that GLP-1 agonists and GLP-1 receptor agonists exert neuroprotective effects against brain damage. Palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid, and increases the risk of neuroinflammation, lipotoxicity, impaired glucose metabolism, and cognitive decline. In this study, we investigated whether or not Exentin-4 (Ex-4; GLP-1 agonist) inhibits higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line under PA-induced apoptosis conditions. Moreover, pre-treatment with Ex-4 in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells prevents neural apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction through several cellular signal pathways. In addition, insulin sensitivity in neurons is improved by Ex-4 treatment under PA-induced insulin resistance. Additionally, our imaging data showed that neuronal morphology is improved by EX-4 treatment, in spite of PA-induced neuronal damage. Furthermore, we identified that Ex-4 inhibits neuronal damage and enhanced neural complexity, such as neurite length, secondary branches, and number of neurites from soma in PA-treated SH-SY5Y. We observed that Ex-4 significantly increases neural complexity, dendritic spine morphogenesis, and development in PA treated primary cortical neurons. Hence, we suggest that GLP-1 administration may be a crucial therapeutic solution for improving neuropathology in the obese brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (D.J.); (G.Y.)
- BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Gwangho Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (D.J.); (G.Y.)
- BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (D.J.); (G.Y.)
- BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+82-61-379-2706; Fax: +82-61-375-5834
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29
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Henley JM, Seager R, Nakamura Y, Talandyte K, Nair J, Wilkinson KA. SUMOylation of synaptic and synapse-associated proteins: An update. J Neurochem 2021; 156:145-161. [PMID: 32538470 PMCID: PMC8218484 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that regulates protein signalling and complex formation by adjusting the conformation or protein-protein interactions of the substrate protein. There is a compelling and rapidly expanding body of evidence that, in addition to SUMOylation of nuclear proteins, SUMOylation of extranuclear proteins contributes to the control of neuronal development, neuronal stress responses and synaptic transmission and plasticity. In this brief review we provide an update of recent developments in the identification of synaptic and synapse-associated SUMO target proteins and discuss the cell biological and functional implications of these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Henley
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Richard Seager
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Yasuko Nakamura
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Karolina Talandyte
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Jithin Nair
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Kevin A. Wilkinson
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
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30
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Alexander CJ, Barzik M, Fujiwara I, Remmert K, Wang YX, Petralia RS, Friedman TB, Hammer JA. Myosin 18Aα targets the guanine nucleotide exchange factor β-Pix to the dendritic spines of cerebellar Purkinje neurons and promotes spine maturation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21092. [PMID: 33378124 PMCID: PMC8357457 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001449r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myosin 18Aα is a myosin 2-like protein containing unique N- and C-terminal protein interaction domains that co-assembles with myosin 2. One protein known to bind to myosin 18Aα is β-Pix, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac1 and Cdc42 that has been shown to promote dendritic spine maturation by activating the assembly of actin and myosin filaments in spines. Here, we show that myosin 18A⍺ concentrates in the spines of cerebellar Purkinje neurons via co-assembly with myosin 2 and through an actin binding site in its N-terminal extension. miRNA-mediated knockdown of myosin 18A⍺ results in a significant defect in spine maturation that is rescued by an RNAi-immune version of myosin 18A⍺. Importantly, β-Pix co-localizes with myosin 18A⍺ in spines, and its spine localization is lost upon myosin 18A⍺ knockdown or when its myosin 18A⍺ binding site is deleted. Finally, we show that the spines of myosin 18A⍺ knockdown Purkinje neurons contain significantly less F-actin and myosin 2. Together, these data argue that mixed filaments of myosin 2 and myosin 18A⍺ form a complex with β-Pix in Purkinje neuron spines that promotes spine maturation by enhancing the assembly of actin and myosin filaments downstream of β-Pix's GEF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Alexander
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie Barzik
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ikuko Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD, NIH, Betheda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - John A Hammer
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Chung CG, Park SS, Park JH, Lee SB. Dysregulated Plasma Membrane Turnover Underlying Dendritic Pathology in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:556461. [PMID: 33192307 PMCID: PMC7580253 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.556461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their enormous surface area compared to other cell types, neurons face unique challenges in properly handling supply and retrieval of the plasma membrane (PM)-a process termed PM turnover-in their distal areas. Because of the length and extensiveness of dendritic branches in neurons, the transport of materials needed for PM turnover from soma to distal dendrites will be inefficient and quite burdensome for somatic organelles. To meet local demands, PM turnover in dendrites most likely requires local cellular machinery, such as dendritic endocytic and secretory systems, dysregulation of which may result in dendritic pathology observed in various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Supporting this notion, a growing body of literature provides evidence to suggest the pathogenic contribution of dysregulated PM turnover to dendritic pathology in certain NDs. In this article, we present our perspective view that impaired dendritic endocytic and secretory systems may contribute to dendritic pathology by encumbering PM turnover in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Soon Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyang Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
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32
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Nicole O, Pacary E. CaMKIIβ in Neuronal Development and Plasticity: An Emerging Candidate in Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197272. [PMID: 33019657 PMCID: PMC7582470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous and central player in Ca2+ signaling that is best known for its functions in the brain. In particular, the α isoform of CaMKII has been the subject of intense research and it has been established as a central regulator of neuronal plasticity. In contrast, little attention has been paid to CaMKIIβ, the other predominant brain isoform that interacts directly with the actin cytoskeleton, and the functions of CaMKIIβ in this organ remain largely unexplored. However, recently, the perturbation of CaMKIIβ expression has been associated with multiple neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases, highlighting CAMK2B as a gene of interest. Herein, after highlighting the main structural and expression differences between the α and β isoforms, we will review the specific functions of CaMKIIβ, as described so far, in neuronal development and plasticity, as well as its potential implication in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Nicole
- CNRS, UMR5293 Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Emilie Pacary
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
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33
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Cuesta S, Nouel D, Reynolds LM, Morgunova A, Torres-Berrío A, White A, Hernandez G, Cooper HM, Flores C. Dopamine Axon Targeting in the Nucleus Accumbens in Adolescence Requires Netrin-1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:487. [PMID: 32714924 PMCID: PMC7344302 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine arrangement of neuronal connectivity during development involves the coordinated action of guidance cues and their receptors. In adolescence, the dopamine circuitry is still developing, with mesolimbic dopamine axons undergoing target-recognition events in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), while mesocortical projections continue to grow toward the prefrontal cortex (PFC) until adulthood. This segregation of mesolimbic versus mesocortical dopamine pathways is mediated by the guidance cue receptor DCC, which signals dopamine axons intended to innervate the NAcc to recognize this region as their final target. Whether DCC-dependent mesolimbic dopamine axon targeting in adolescence requires the action of its ligand, Netrin-1, is unknown. Here we combined shRNA strategies, quantitative analysis of pre- and post-synaptic markers of neuronal connectivity, and pharmacological manipulations to address this question. Similar to DCC levels in the ventral tegmental area, Netrin-1 expression in the NAcc is dynamic across postnatal life, transitioning from high to low expression across adolescence. Silencing Netrin-1 in the NAcc in adolescence results in an increase in the expanse of the dopamine input to the PFC in adulthood, with a corresponding increase in the number of presynaptic dopamine sites. This manipulation also results in altered dendritic spine density and morphology of medium spiny neurons in the NAcc in adulthood and in reduced sensitivity to the behavioral activating effects of the stimulant drug of abuse, amphetamine. These cellular and behavioral effects mirror those induced by Dcc haploinsufficiency within dopamine neurons in adolescence. Dopamine targeting in adolescence requires the complementary interaction between DCC receptors in mesolimbic dopamine axons and Netrin-1 in the NAcc. Factors regulating either DCC or Netrin-1 in adolescence can disrupt mesocorticolimbic dopamine development, rendering vulnerability or protection to phenotypes associated with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Nouel
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lauren M Reynolds
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alice Morgunova
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Angélica Torres-Berrío
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda White
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Giovanni Hernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Helen M Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Shrestha A, Sultana R, Adeniyi PA, Lee CC, Ogundele OM. Positive Modulation of SK Channel Impedes Neuron-Specific Cytoskeletal Organization and Maturation. Dev Neurosci 2020; 42:59-71. [PMID: 32580196 PMCID: PMC7486235 DOI: 10.1159/000507989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulates the structural plasticity of dendritic spines by impacting cytoskeletal organization and kinase signaling. In the developing nervous system, activation of NMDAR is pertinent for neuronal migration, neurite differentiation, and cellular organization. Given that small conductance potassium channels (SK2/3) repress NMDAR ionotropic signaling, this study highlights the impact of neonatal SK channel potentiation on adult cortical and hippocampal organization. Neonatal SK channel potentiation was performed by one injection of SK2/3 agonist (CyPPA) into the pallium of mice on postnatal day 2 (P2). When the animals reached adulthood (P55), the hippocampus and cortex were examined to assess neuronal maturation, lamination, and the distribution of synaptic cytoskeletal proteins. Immunodetection of neuronal markers in the brain of P2-treated P55 mice revealed the presence of immature neurons in the upper cortical layers (layers II-IV) and CA1 (hippocampus). Also, layer-dependent cortical-cell density was attenuated due to the ectopic localization of mature (NeuN+) and immature (Doublecortin+ [DCX+]) neurons in cortical layers II-IV. Similarly, the decreased count of NeuN+ neurons in the CA1 is accompanied by an increase in the number of immature DCX+ neurons. Ectopic localization of neurons in the upper cortex and CA1 caused the dramatic expression of neuron-specific cytoskeletal proteins. In line with this, structural deformity of neuronal projections and the loss of postsynaptic densities suggests that postsynaptic integrity is compromised in the SK2/3+ brain. From these results, we deduced that SK channel activity in the developing brain likely impacts neuronal maturation through its effects on cytoskeletal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Shrestha
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Razia Sultana
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Philip A Adeniyi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Charles C Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Olalekan M Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA,
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Albanesi JP, Barylko B, DeMartino GN, Jameson DM. Palmitoylated Proteins in Dendritic Spine Remodeling. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:22. [PMID: 32655390 PMCID: PMC7325885 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-responsive changes in the actin cytoskeleton are required for the biogenesis, motility, and remodeling of dendritic spines. These changes are governed by proteins that regulate the polymerization, depolymerization, bundling, and branching of actin filaments. Thus, processes that have been extensively characterized in the context of non-neuronal cell shape change and migration are also critical for learning and memory. In this review article, we highlight actin regulatory proteins that associate, at least transiently, with the dendritic plasma membrane. All of these proteins have been shown, either in directed studies or in high-throughput screens, to undergo palmitoylation, a potentially reversible, and stimulus-dependent cysteine modification. Palmitoylation increases the affinity of peripheral proteins for the membrane bilayer and contributes to their subcellular localization and recruitment to cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Albanesi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Barbara Barylko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - George N. DeMartino
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - David M. Jameson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
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36
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Hlushchenko I, Hotulainen P. Chemical LTD, but not LTP, induces transient accumulation of gelsolin in dendritic spines. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1129-1139. [PMID: 31280237 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity underlies central brain functions, such as learning. Ca2+ signaling is involved in both strengthening and weakening of synapses, but it is still unclear how one signal molecule can induce two opposite outcomes. By identifying molecules, which can distinguish between signaling leading to weakening or strengthening, we can improve our understanding of how synaptic plasticity is regulated. Here, we tested gelsolin's response to the induction of chemical long-term potentiation (cLTP) or long-term depression (cLTD) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We show that gelsolin relocates from the dendritic shaft to dendritic spines upon cLTD induction while it did not show any relocalization upon cLTP induction. Dendritic spines are small actin-rich protrusions on dendrites, where LTD/LTP-responsive excitatory synapses are located. We propose that the LTD-induced modest - but relatively long-lasting - elevation of Ca2+ concentration increases the affinity of gelsolin to F-actin. As F-actin is enriched in dendritic spines, it is probable that increased affinity to F-actin induces the relocalization of gelsolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Hlushchenko
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
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37
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Dendritic Spines in Alzheimer's Disease: How the Actin Cytoskeleton Contributes to Synaptic Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030908. [PMID: 32019166 PMCID: PMC7036943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by Aβ-driven synaptic dysfunction in the early phases of pathogenesis. In the synaptic context, the actin cytoskeleton is a crucial element to maintain the dendritic spine architecture and to orchestrate the spine’s morphology remodeling driven by synaptic activity. Indeed, spine shape and synaptic strength are strictly correlated and precisely governed during plasticity phenomena in order to convert short-term alterations of synaptic strength into long-lasting changes that are embedded in stable structural modification. These functional and structural modifications are considered the biological basis of learning and memory processes. In this review we discussed the existing evidence regarding the role of the spine actin cytoskeleton in AD synaptic failure. We revised the physiological function of the actin cytoskeleton in the spine shaping and the contribution of actin dynamics in the endocytosis mechanism. The internalization process is implicated in different aspects of AD since it controls both glutamate receptor membrane levels and amyloid generation. The detailed understanding of the mechanisms controlling the actin cytoskeleton in a unique biological context as the dendritic spine could pave the way to the development of innovative synapse-tailored therapeutic interventions and to the identification of novel biomarkers to monitor synaptic loss in AD.
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38
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Uzair ID, Flamini MI, Sanchez AM. Rapid Estrogen and Progesterone Signaling to Dendritic Spine Formation via Cortactin/Wave1-Arp2/3 Complex. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:535-551. [PMID: 31509830 DOI: 10.1159/000503310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic plasticity is the neuronal capacity to modify the function and structure of dendritic spines (DS) in response to neuromodulators. Sex steroids, particularly 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), are key regulators in the control of DS formation through multiprotein complexes including WAVE1 protein, and are thus fundamental for the development of learning and memory. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to evaluate the molecular switch Cdk5 kinase/protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the control of WAVE1 protein (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation) and the regulation of WAVE1 and cortactin to the Arp2/3 complex, in response to rapid treatments with E2 and P4 in cortical neuronal cells. RESULTS Rapid treatment with E2 and P4 modified neuronal morphology and significantly increased the number of DS. This effect was reduced by the use of a Cdk5 inhibitor (Roscovitine). In contrast, inhibition of PP2A with PP2A dominant negative construct significantly increased DS formation, evidencing the participation of kinase/phosphatase in the regulation of WAVE1 in DS formation induced by E2 and P4. Cortactin regulates DS formation via Src and PAK1 kinase induced by E2 and P4. Both cortactin and WAVE1 signal to Arp2/3 complex to synergistically promote actin nucleation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that E2 and P4 dynamically regulate neuron morphology through nongenomic signaling via cortactin/WAVE1-Arp2/3 complex. The control of these proteins is tightly orchestrated by phosphorylation, where kinases and phosphatases are essential for actin nucleation and, finally, DS formation. This work provides a deeper understanding of the biological actions of sex steroids in the regulation of DS turnover and neuronal plasticity processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Denise Uzair
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Cell Movement, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marina Ines Flamini
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Cell Movement, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Angel Matias Sanchez
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Cell Movement, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina,
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39
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Bird CW, Barber MJ, Post HR, Jacquez B, Chavez GJ, Faturos NG, Valenzuela CF. Neonatal ethanol exposure triggers apoptosis in the murine retrosplenial cortex: Role of inhibition of NMDA receptor-driven action potential firing. Neuropharmacology 2019; 162:107837. [PMID: 31689422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ethanol during the last trimester equivalent of human pregnancy causes apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain, an effect that is thought to be mediated, in part, by inhibition of NMDA receptors. However, NMDA receptors can rapidly adapt to the acute effects of ethanol and are ethanol resistant in some populations of developing neurons. Here, we characterized the effect of ethanol on NMDA and non-NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a brain region involved in the integration of different modalities of spatial information that is among the most sensitive regions to ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. A single 4-h exposure to ethanol vapor of 7-day-old transgenic mice that express the Venus fluorescent protein in interneurons triggered extensive apoptosis in the RSC. Slice electrophysiological recordings showed that bath-applied ethanol inhibits NMDA and non-NMDA receptor excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in pyramidal neurons and interneurons; however, we found no evidence of acute tolerance development to this effect after the 4-h in-vivo ethanol vapor exposure. Acute bath application of ethanol reduced action potential firing evoked by synaptic stimulation to a greater extent in pyramidal neurons than interneurons. Submaximal inhibition of NMDA EPSCs, but not non-NMDA EPSCs, mimicked the acute effect of ethanol on synaptically-evoked action potential firing. These findings indicate that partial inhibition of NMDA receptors by ethanol has sizable effects on the excitability of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the developing RSC, and suggest that positive allosteric modulators of these receptors could ameliorate ethanol intoxication-induced neurodegeneration during late stages of fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark W Bird
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Megan J Barber
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Hilary R Post
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Belkis Jacquez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Glenna J Chavez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nicholas G Faturos
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - C Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
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40
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Shrestha A, Sultana R, Lee CC, Ogundele OM. SK Channel Modulates Synaptic Plasticity by Tuning CaMKIIα/β Dynamics. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:18. [PMID: 31736736 PMCID: PMC6834780 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor 1 (NMDAR)-linked Ca++ current represents a significant percentage of post-synaptic transient that modulates synaptic strength and is pertinent to dendritic spine plasticity. In the hippocampus, Ca++ transient produced by glutamatergic ionotropic neurotransmission facilitates Ca++-Calmodulin-dependent kinase 2 (CaMKII) Thr286 phosphorylation and promote long-term potentiation (LTP) expression. At CA1 post-synaptic densities, Ca++ transients equally activate small conductance (SK2) channel which regulates excitability by suppressing Ca++ movement. Here, we demonstrate that upstream attenuation of GluN1 function in the hippocampus led to a decrease in Thr286 CaMKIIα phosphorylation, and increased SK2 expression. Consistent with the loss of GluN1 function, potentiation of SK channel in wild type hippocampus reduced CaMKIIα expression and abrogate synaptic localization of T286 pCaMKIIα. Our results demonstrate that positive modulation of SK channel at hippocampal synapses likely refine GluN1-linked plasticity by tuning dendritic localization of CaMKIIα.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olalekan M. Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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41
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Roesler MK, Lombino FL, Freitag S, Schweizer M, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Schwarz JR, Kneussel M, Wagner W. Myosin XVI Regulates Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics in Dendritic Spines of Purkinje Cells and Affects Presynaptic Organization. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:330. [PMID: 31474830 PMCID: PMC6705222 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is crucial for function and morphology of neuronal synapses. Moreover, altered regulation of the neuronal actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Myosin XVI is a neuronally expressed unconventional myosin known to bind the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), a regulator of filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization. Notably, the gene encoding the myosin’s heavy chain (MYO16) shows genetic association with neuropsychiatric disorders including ASD. Here, we investigated whether myosin XVI plays a role for actin cytoskeleton regulation in the dendritic spines of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), a neuronal cell type crucial for motor learning, social cognition and vocalization. We provide evidence that both myosin XVI and the WRC component WAVE1 localize to PC spines. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis of GFP-actin in cultured PCs shows that Myo16 knockout as well as PC-specific Myo16 knockdown, lead to faster F-actin turnover in the dendritic spines of PCs. We also detect accelerated F-actin turnover upon interference with the WRC, and upon inhibition of Arp2/3 that drives formation of branched F-actin downstream of the WRC. In contrast, inhibition of formins that are responsible for polymerization of linear actin filaments does not cause faster F-actin turnover. Together, our data establish myosin XVI as a regulator of the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton and suggest that it is an upstream activator of the WRC-Arp2/3 pathway in PC spines. Furthermore, ultra-structural and electrophysiological analyses of Myo16 knockout cerebellum reveals the presence of reduced numbers of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic terminals in the absence of the myosin. Therefore, we here define myosin XVI as an F-actin regulator important for presynaptic organization in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Katrin Roesler
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franco Luis Lombino
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Freitag
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer
- Transgenic Animal Unit, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen R Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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42
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Telles-Longui M, Mourelle D, Schöwe NM, Cipolli GC, Malerba HN, Buck HS, Viel TA. α7 nicotinic ACh receptors are necessary for memory recovery and neuroprotection promoted by attention training in amyloid-β-infused mice. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3193-3205. [PMID: 31144293 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Attention training reverses the neurodegeneration and memory loss promoted by infusion of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in rats and increases the density of α7 nicotinic ACh receptors (α7nAChRs) in brain areas related to memory. Hence, we aimed to assess the role of α7nAChRs in the memory recovery promoted by attention training. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57Bl/6 mice were chronically infused with Aβ, Aβ plus the α7 antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), or MLA alone. Control animals were infused with vehicle. Animals were subjected weekly to the active avoidance shuttle box for 4 weeks (attention training). The brain and serum were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. KEY RESULTS Aβ caused cognitive impairment, which was reversed by the weekly training, whereas Aβ + MLA also promoted memory loss but with no reversal with weekly training. MLA alone also promoted memory loss but with only partial reversal with the training. Animals infused with Aβ alone showed senile plaques in hippocampus, no change in BDNF levels in cortex, hippocampus, and serum, but increased AChE activity in cortex and hippocampus. Co-treatment with MLA increased AChE activity and senile plaque deposition in hippocampus as well as reducing BDNF in hippocampus and serum, suggesting a lack of α7nAChR function leads to a loss of neuroprotection mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The α7nAChR has a determinant role in memory recovery and brain resilience in the presence of neurodegeneration promoted by Aβ peptide. These data support further studies concerning these receptors as pharmacological targets for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Telles-Longui
- Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Mourelle
- Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mendes Schöwe
- Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Helena Nascimento Malerba
- Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hudson Sousa Buck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.,Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Araujo Viel
- Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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43
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van Bommel B, Konietzny A, Kobler O, Bär J, Mikhaylova M. F-actin patches associated with glutamatergic synapses control positioning of dendritic lysosomes. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101183. [PMID: 31267565 PMCID: PMC6669925 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelle positioning within neurites is required for proper neuronal function. In dendrites, with their complex cytoskeletal organization, transport of organelles is guided by local specializations of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton, and by coordinated activity of different motor proteins. Here, we focus on the actin cytoskeleton in the dendritic shaft and describe dense structures consisting of longitudinal and branched actin filaments. These actin patches are devoid of microtubules and are frequently located at the base of spines, or form an actin mesh around excitatory shaft synapses. Using lysosomes as an example, we demonstrate that the presence of actin patches has a strong impact on dendritic organelle transport, as lysosomes frequently stall at these locations. We provide mechanistic insights on this pausing behavior, demonstrating that actin patches form a physical barrier for kinesin-driven cargo. In addition, we identify myosin Va as an active tether which mediates long-term stalling. This correlation between the presence of actin meshes and halting of organelles could be a generalized principle by which synapses control organelle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Bommel
- DFG Emmy Noether Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Konietzny
- DFG Emmy Noether Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kobler
- Combinatorial Neuroimaging Core Facility (CNI), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia Bär
- DFG Emmy Noether Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- DFG Emmy Noether Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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44
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Latzer P, Shchyglo O, Hartl T, Matschke V, Schlegel U, Manahan-Vaughan D, Theiss C. Blocking VEGF by Bevacizumab Compromises Electrophysiological and Morphological Properties of Hippocampal Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:113. [PMID: 30971896 PMCID: PMC6445260 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is neoangiogenesis, mediated by the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Anti-VEGF antibodies, like bevacizumab, prolong progression-free survival in GBM, however, this treatment has been reported to be associated with a decline in neurocognitive function. Therefore, this study focused on the effects of bevacizumab on neuronal function and plasticity. We analyzed neuronal membrane properties and synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampal slices, as well as spine dynamics in dissociated hippocampal neurons, to examine the impact of bevacizumab on hippocampal function and viability. VEGF inhibition resulted in profound impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity as well as reductions in dendritic spine number and length. Physiological properties of hippocampal neurons were also affected. These effects of VEGF blockade on hippocampal function may play a role in compromising memory and information processing and thus, may contribute to neurocognitive dysfunction in GBM patients treated with bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Latzer
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Olena Shchyglo
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Hartl
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Uwe Schlegel
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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45
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Le NTT, Wu B, Harris DA. Prion neurotoxicity. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:263-277. [PMID: 30588688 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanisms underlying prion propagation and infectivity are now well established, the processes accounting for prion toxicity and pathogenesis have remained mysterious. These processes are of enormous clinical relevance as they hold the key to identification of new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we will discuss two broad areas of investigation relevant to understanding prion neurotoxicity. The first is the use of in vitro experimental systems that model key events in prion pathogenesis. In this context, we will describe a hippocampal neuronal culture system we developed that reproduces the earliest pathological alterations in synaptic morphology and function in response to PrPSc . This system has allowed us to define a core synaptotoxic signaling pathway involving the activation of NMDA and AMPA receptors, stimulation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and collapse of the actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines. The second area concerns a striking and unexpected phenomenon in which certain structural manipulations of the PrPC molecule itself, including introduction of N-terminal deletion mutations or binding of antibodies to C-terminal epitopes, unleash powerful toxic effects in cultured cells and transgenic mice. We will describe our studies of this phenomenon, which led to the recognition that it is related to the induction of large, abnormal ionic currents by the structurally altered PrP molecules. Our results suggest a model in which the flexible N-terminal domain of PrPC serves as a toxic effector which is regulated by intramolecular interactions with the globular C-terminal domain. Taken together, these two areas of study have provided important clues to underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of prion neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, much remains to be done on this next frontier of prion science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat T T Le
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Bei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - David A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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Gray KT, Stefen H, Ly TNA, Keller CJ, Colpan M, Wayman GA, Pate E, Fath T, Kostyukova AS. Tropomodulin's Actin-Binding Abilities Are Required to Modulate Dendrite Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:357. [PMID: 30356860 PMCID: PMC6190845 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many unanswered questions about the roles of the actin pointed end capping and actin nucleation by tropomodulins (Tmod) in regulating neural morphology. Previous studies indicate that Tmod1 and Tmod2 regulate morphology of the dendritic arbor and spines. Tmod3, which is expressed in the brain, had only a minor influence on morphology. Although these studies established a defined role of Tmod in regulating dendritic and synaptic morphology, the mechanisms by which Tmods exert these effects are unknown. Here, we overexpressed a series of mutated forms of Tmod1 and Tmod2 with disrupted actin-binding sites in hippocampal neurons and found that Tmod1 and Tmod2 require both of their actin-binding sites to regulate dendritic morphology and dendritic spine shape. Proximity ligation assays (PLAs) indicate that these mutations impact the interaction of Tmod1 and Tmod2 with tropomyosins Tpm3.1 and Tpm3.2. This impact on Tmod/Tpm interaction may contribute to the morphological changes observed. Finally, we use molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) to characterize the structural changes, caused by mutations in the C-terminal helix of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of Tmod1 and Tmod2 alone and when bound onto actin monomers. Our results expand our understanding of how neurons utilize the different Tmod isoforms in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Gray
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Holly Stefen
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuronal Culture Core Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thu N A Ly
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Christopher J Keller
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Mert Colpan
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Gary A Wayman
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Edward Pate
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuronal Culture Core Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alla S Kostyukova
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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47
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Fang C, Wu B, Le NTT, Imberdis T, Mercer RCC, Harris DA. Prions activate a p38 MAPK synaptotoxic signaling pathway. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007283. [PMID: 30235355 PMCID: PMC6147624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic degeneration is one of the earliest pathological correlates of prion disease, and it is a major determinant of the progression of clinical symptoms. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying prion synaptotoxicity are poorly understood. Previously, we described an experimental system in which treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons with purified PrPSc, the infectious form of the prion protein, induces rapid retraction of dendritic spines, an effect that is entirely dependent on expression of endogenous PrPC by the target neurons. Here, we use this system to dissect pharmacologically the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. We show that PrPSc initiates a stepwise synaptotoxic signaling cascade that includes activation of NMDA receptors, calcium influx, stimulation of p38 MAPK and several downstream kinases, and collapse of the actin cytoskeleton within dendritic spines. Synaptic degeneration is restricted to excitatory synapses, spares presynaptic structures, and results in decrements in functional synaptic transmission. Pharmacological inhibition of any one of the steps in the signaling cascade, as well as expression of a dominant-negative form of p38 MAPK, block PrPSc-induced spine degeneration. Moreover, p38 MAPK inhibitors actually reverse the degenerative process after it has already begun. We also show that, while PrPC mediates the synaptotoxic effects of both PrPSc and the Alzheimer’s Aβ peptide in this system, the two species activate distinct signaling pathways. Taken together, our results provide powerful insights into the biology of prion neurotoxicity, they identify new, druggable therapeutic targets, and they allow comparison of prion synaptotoxic pathways with those involved in other neurodegenerative diseases. Prion diseases are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that includes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and kuru in humans, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. The infectious agent, or prion, that transmits these diseases is a naked protein molecule, the prion protein (PrP), which is an altered form of a normal, cellular protein. Although a great deal is known about how prions propagate themselves and transmit infection, the process by which they actually cause neurons to degenerate has remained mysterious. Here, we have used a specialized neuronal culture system to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which prions damage synapses, the structures that connect nerve cells and that play a crucial role in learning, memory, and neurological disease. Our results define a stepwise molecular pathway underlying prion synaptic toxicity, which involves activation of glutamate neurotransmitter receptors, influx of calcium ions into the neuron, and stimulation of specific mitogen-activated protein kinases, which attach phosphate groups to proteins to regulate their activity. We demonstrate that specific drugs, as well as a dominant-negative kinase mutant, block these steps and thereby prevent the synaptic degeneration produced by prions. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of prion diseases, they uncover new drug targets for treating these diseases, and they allow us to compare prion diseases to other, more common neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Bei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Nhat T. T. Le
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Thibaut Imberdis
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Robert C. C. Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - David A. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Henderson NT, Dalva MB. EphBs and ephrin-Bs: Trans-synaptic organizers of synapse development and function. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:108-121. [PMID: 30031105 PMCID: PMC6159941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are specialized cell-cell junctions that underlie the function of neural circuits by mediating communication between neurons. Both the formation and function of synapses require tight coordination of signaling between pre- and post-synaptic neurons. Trans-synaptic organizing molecules are important mediators of such signaling. Here we discuss how the EphB and ephrin-B families of trans-synaptic organizing proteins direct synapse formation during early development and regulate synaptic function and plasticity at mature synapses. Finally, we highlight recent evidence linking the synaptic organizing role of EphBs and ephrin-Bs to diseases of maladaptive synaptic function and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Henderson
- The Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Department of Neuroscience, The Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Suite 463, 900 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Matthew B Dalva
- The Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Department of Neuroscience, The Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Suite 463, 900 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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49
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Nakahata Y, Yasuda R. Plasticity of Spine Structure: Local Signaling, Translation and Cytoskeletal Reorganization. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:29. [PMID: 30210329 PMCID: PMC6123351 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small protrusive structures on dendritic surfaces, and function as postsynaptic compartments for excitatory synapses. Plasticity of spine structure is associated with many forms of long-term neuronal plasticity, learning and memory. Inside these small dendritic compartments, biochemical states and protein-protein interactions are dynamically modulated by synaptic activity, leading to the regulation of protein synthesis and reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture. This in turn causes plasticity of structure and function of the spine. Technical advances in monitoring molecular behaviors in single dendritic spines have revealed that each signaling pathway is differently regulated across multiple spatiotemporal domains. The spatial pattern of signaling activity expands from a single spine to the nearby dendritic area, dendritic branch and the nucleus, regulating different cellular events at each spatial scale. Temporally, biochemical events are typically triggered by short Ca2+ pulses (~10–100 ms). However, these signals can then trigger activation of downstream protein cascades that can last from milliseconds to hours. Recent imaging studies provide many insights into the biochemical processes governing signaling events of molecular assemblies at different spatial localizations. Here, we highlight recent findings of signaling dynamics during synaptic plasticity and discuss their roles in long-term structural plasticity of dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Nakahata
- Neuronal Signal Transduction, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI), Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Neuronal Signal Transduction, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI), Jupiter, FL, United States
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50
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Hlushchenko I, Khanal P, Abouelezz A, Paavilainen VO, Hotulainen P. ASD-Associated De Novo Mutations in Five Actin Regulators Show Both Shared and Distinct Defects in Dendritic Spines and Inhibitory Synapses in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:217. [PMID: 30123108 PMCID: PMC6085419 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many actin cytoskeleton-regulating proteins control dendritic spine morphology and density, which are cellular features often altered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent studies using animal models show that autism-related behavior can be rescued by either manipulating actin regulators or by reversing dendritic spine density or morphology. Based on these studies, the actin cytoskeleton is a potential target pathway for developing new ASD treatments. Thus, it is important to understand how different ASD-associated actin regulators contribute to the regulation of dendritic spines and how ASD-associated mutations modulate this regulation. For this study, we selected five genes encoding different actin-regulating proteins and induced ASD-associated de novo missense mutations in these proteins. We assessed the functionality of the wild-type and mutated proteins by analyzing their subcellular localization, and by analyzing the dendritic spine phenotypes induced by the expression of these proteins. As the imbalance between excitation and inhibition has been suggested to have a central role in ASD, we additionally evaluated the density, size and subcellular localization of inhibitory synapses. Common for all the proteins studied was the enrichment in dendritic spines. ASD-associated mutations induced changes in the localization of α-actinin-4, which localized less to dendritic spines, and for SWAP-70 and SrGAP3, which localized more to dendritic spines. Among the wild-type proteins studied, only α-actinin-4 expression caused a significant change in dendritic spine morphology by increasing the mushroom spine density and decreasing thin spine density. We hypothesized that mutations associated with ASD shift dendritic spine morphology from mushroom to thin spines. An M554V mutation in α-actinin-4 (ACTN4) resulted in the expected shift in dendritic spine morphology by increasing the density of thin spines. In addition, we observed a trend toward higher thin spine density with mutations in myosin IXb and SWAP-70. Myosin IIb and myosin IXb expression increased the proportion of inhibitory synapses in spines. The expression of mutated myosin IIb (Y265C), SrGAP3 (E469K), and SWAP-70 (L544F) induced variable changes in inhibitory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Hlushchenko
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pushpa Khanal
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amr Abouelezz
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville O Paavilainen
- HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
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