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Ward RH, Quinn TP, Dittman AH, Yopak KE. The Effects of Rearing Environment on Organization of the Olfactory System and Brain of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Integr Comp Biol 2024; 64:92-106. [PMID: 38373826 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) hatch and feed in freshwater habitats, migrate to sea to mature, and return to spawn at natal sites. The final, riverine stages of the return migrations are mediated by chemical properties of the natal stream that they learned as juveniles. Like some other fish, salmon growth is asymptotic; they grow continuously throughout life toward a maximum size. The continued growth of the nervous system may be plastic in response to environmental variables. Due to the ecological, cultural, and economic importance of Pacific salmon, individuals are often reared in hatcheries and released into the wild as juveniles to supplement natural populations. However, hatchery-reared individuals display lower survivorship and may also stray (i.e., spawn in a non-natal stream) at higher rates than their wild counterparts. Hatchery environments may lack stimuli needed to promote normal development of the nervous system, thus leading to behavioral deficits and a higher incidence of straying. This study compared the peripheral olfactory system and brain organization of hatchery-reared and wild-origin sockeye salmon fry (Oncorhynchus nerka). Surface area of the olfactory rosette, diameter of the olfactory nerve, total brain size, and size of major brain regions were measured from histological sections and compared between wild and hatchery-origin individuals. Hatchery-origin fish had significantly larger optic tecta, and marginally insignificant, yet noteworthy trends, existed in the valvula cerebelli (hatchery > wild) and olfactory bulbs (hatchery < wild). We also found a putative difference in olfactory nerve diameter (dmin) (hatchery > wild), but the validity of this finding needs further analyses with higher resolution methods. Overall, these results provide insight into the potential effects of hatchery rearing on nervous system development in salmonids, and may explain behavioral deficits displayed by hatchery-origin individuals post-release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Ward
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - Thomas P Quinn
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew H Dittman
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Kara E Yopak
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
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2
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Folgueira M, Clarke JDW. Telencephalic eversion in embryos and early larvae of four teleost species. Evol Dev 2024; 26:e12474. [PMID: 38425004 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The telencephalon of ray-finned fishes undergoes eversion, which is very different to the evagination that occurs in most other vertebrates. Ventricle morphogenesis is key to build an everted telencephalon. Thus, here we use the apical marker zona occludens 1 to understand ventricle morphology, extension of the tela choroidea and the eversion process during early telencephalon development of four teleost species: giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus), blind cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus), medaka (Oryzias latipes), and paradise fish (Macroposus opercularis). In addition, by using immunohistochemistry against tubulin and calcium-binding proteins, we analyze the general morphology of the telencephalon, showing changes in the location and extension of the olfactory bulb and other telencephalic regions from 2 to 5 days of development. We also analyze the impact of abnormal eye and telencephalon morphogenesis on eversion, showing that cyclops mutants do undergo eversion despite very dramatic abnormal eye morphology. We discuss how the formation of the telencephalic ventricle in teleost fish, with its characteristic shape, is a crucial event during eversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Folgueira
- Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jonathan D W Clarke
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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3
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Yáñez J, Eguiguren MH, Anadón R. Neural connections of the torus semicircularis in the adult Zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25586. [PMID: 38289191 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The torus semicircularis (TS) of teleosts is a key midbrain center of the lateral line and acoustic sensory systems. To characterize the TS in adult zebrafish, we studied their connections using the carbocyanine tracers applied to the TS and to other related nuclei and tracts. Two main TS nuclei, central and ventrolateral, were differentiable by their afferent connections. From central TS, (TSc) numerous toropetal cells were labeled bilaterally in several primary octaval nuclei (anterior, magnocellular, descending, and posterior octaval nuclei), in the secondary octaval nucleus, in the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and in the perilemniscular region. In the midbrain, numerous toropetal cells were labeled in the contralateral TSc. In the diencephalon, toropetal cells labeled from the TSc were observed ipsilaterally in the medial prethalamic nucleus and the periventricular posterior tubercle nucleus. TSc toropetal neurons were also labeled bilaterally in the hypothalamic anterior tuberal nucleus (ATN) and ipsilaterally in the parvicellular preoptic nucleus but not in the telencephalon. Tracer application to the medial octavolateralis nucleus revealed contralateral projections to the ventrolateral TS (TSvl), whereas tracer application to the secondary octaval nucleus labeled fibers bilaterally in TSc and neurons in rostral TSc. The TSc sends ascending fibers to the ipsilateral lateral preglomerular region that, in turn, projects to the pallium. Application of DiI to the optic tectum labeled cells and fibers in the TSvl, whereas application of DiI to the ATN labeled cells and fibers in the TSc. These results reveal that the TSvl and TSc are mainly related with the mechanosensory lateral line and acoustic centers, respectively, and that they show different higher order connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Yáñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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4
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Bettini S, Lazzari M, Milani L, Maurizii MG, Franceschini V. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Olfactory Sensory Neuron Populations in the Developing Olfactory Organ of the Guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes, Poecilidae). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1764-1773. [PMID: 37639707 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction is fundamental for sensing environmental chemicals and has obvious adaptive advantages. In fish, the peripheral olfactory organ is composed of lamellae in which the olfactory mucosa contains three main categories of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) as follows: ciliated (cOSNs), microvillous (mOSNs), and crypt cells. We studied the appearance of these different OSNs during development of Poecilia reticulata, given its growing use as animal model system. We performed immunohistochemical detection of molecular markers specific for the different OSNs, carrying out image analyses for marked-cell counting and measuring optical density. The P. reticulata olfactory organ did not show change in size during the first weeks of life. The proliferative activity increased at the onset of secondary sexual characters, remaining high until sexual maturity. Then, it decreased in both sexes, but with a recovery in females, probably in relation to their almost double body growth, compared to males. The density of both cOSNs and mOSNs remained constant throughout development, probably due to conserved functions already active in the fry, independently of the sex. The density of calretinin-positive crypt cells decreased progressively until sexual maturity, whereas the increased density of calretinin-negative crypt cell fraction, prevailing in later developmental stages, indicated their probable involvement in reproductive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bettini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lazzari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Maurizii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Franceschini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Alba‐González A, Folgueira M, Castro A, Anadón R, Yáñez J. Distribution of neurogranin-like immunoreactivity in the brain and sensory organs of the adult zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1569-1587. [PMID: 35015905 PMCID: PMC9415131 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied the expression of neurogranin in the brain and some sensory organs (barbel taste buds, olfactory organs, and retina) of adult zebrafish. Database analysis shows zebrafish has two paralog neurogranin genes (nrgna and nrgnb) that translate into three peptides with a conserved IQ domain, as in mammals. Western blots of zebrafish brain extracts using an anti-neurogranin antiserum revealed three separate bands, confirming the presence of three neurogranin peptides. Immunohistochemistry shows neurogranin-like expression in the brain and sensory organs (taste buds, neuromasts and olfactory epithelium), not being able to discern its three different peptides. In the retina, the most conspicuous positive cells were bipolar neurons. In the brain, immunopositive neurons were observed in all major regions (pallium, subpallium, preoptic area, hypothalamus, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon, including the cerebellum), a more extended distribution than in mammals. Interestingly, dendrites, cell bodies and axon terminals of some neurons were immunopositive, thus zebrafish neurogranins may play presynaptic and postsynaptic roles. Most positive neurons were found in primary sensory centers (viscerosensory column and medial octavolateral nucleus) and integrative centers (pallium, subpallium, optic tectum and cerebellum), which have complex synaptic circuitry. However, we also observed expression in areas not related to sensory or integrative functions, such as in cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells associated with the hypothalamic recesses, which exhibited high neurogranin-like immunoreactivity. Together, these results reveal important differences with the patterns reported in mammals, suggesting divergent evolution from the common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Alba‐González
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
| | - Antonio Castro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Julián Yáñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
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Localization of BDNF and Calretinin in Olfactory Epithelium and Taste Buds of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094696. [PMID: 35563087 PMCID: PMC9101965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family and it is involved in several fundamental functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and in sensory organs. BDNF regulates the chemosensory systems of mammals and is consistently expressed in those organs. In zebrafish, the key role of BDNF in the biology of the hair cells of the inner ear and lateral line system has recently been demonstrated. However, only some information is available about its occurrence in the olfactory epithelium, taste buds, and cutaneous isolated chemosensory cells. Therefore, this study was undertaken to analyze the involvement of BDNF in the chemosensory organs of zebrafish during the larval and adult stages. To identify cells displaying BDNF, we compared the cellular pattern of BDNF-displaying cells with those immunoreactive for calretinin and S100 protein. Our results demonstrate the localization of BDNF in the sensory part of the olfactory epithelium, mainly in the ciliated olfactory sensory neurons in larvae and adult zebrafish. Intense immunoreaction for BDNF was also observed in the chemosensory cells of oral and cutaneous taste buds. Moreover, a subpopulation of olfactory sensory neurons and chemosensory cells of olfactory rosette and taste bud, respectively, showed marked immunopositivity for calcium-binding protein S100 and calretinin. These results demonstrate the possible role of BDNF in the development and maintenance of olfactory sensory neurons and sensory cells in the olfactory epithelium and taste organs of zebrafish during all stages of development.
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Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Role of Habenula in Social and Reproductive Behaviors in Fish: Comparison With Mammals. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:818782. [PMID: 35221943 PMCID: PMC8867168 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.818782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Social behaviors such as mating, parenting, fighting, and avoiding are essential functions as a communication tool in social animals, and are critical for the survival of individuals and species. Social behaviors are controlled by a complex circuitry that comprises several key social brain regions, which is called the social behavior network (SBN). The SBN further integrates social information with external and internal factors to select appropriate behavioral responses to social circumstances, called social decision-making. The social decision-making network (SDMN) and SBN are structurally, neurochemically and functionally conserved in vertebrates. The social decision-making process is also closely influenced by emotional assessment. The habenula has recently been recognized as a crucial center for emotion-associated adaptation behaviors. Here we review the potential role of the habenula in social function with a special emphasis on fish studies. Further, based on evolutional, molecular, morphological, and behavioral perspectives, we discuss the crucial role of the habenula in the vertebrate SDMN.
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8
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Pombal MA, Megías M, Lozano D, López JM. Neuromeric Distribution of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate-Diaphorase Activity in the Adult Lamprey Brain. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:826087. [PMID: 35197830 PMCID: PMC8859838 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.826087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports for the first time the distribution and morphological characterization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d; a reliable marker of nitric oxide synthase activity) positive elements in the central nervous system of the adult river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) on the framework of the neuromeric model and compares their cytoarchitectonic organization with that of gnathostomes. Both NADPH-d exhibiting cells and fibers were observed in all major divisions of the lamprey brain as well as in the spinal cord. In the secondary prosencephalon, NADPH-d positive cells were observed in the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb, evaginated pallium, amygdala, dorsal striatum, septum, lateral preoptic nucleus, caudal paraventricular area, posterior entopeduncular nucleus, nucleus of the stria medullaris, hypothalamic periventricular organ and mamillary region sensu lato. In the lamprey diencephalon, NADPH-d labeled cells were observed in several nuclei of the prethalamus, epithalamus, pretectum, and the basal plate. Especially remarkable was the staining observed in the right habenula and several pretectal nuclei. NADPH-d positive cells were also observed in the following mesencephalic areas: optic tectum (two populations), torus semicircularis, nucleus M5 of Schöber, and a ventral tegmental periventricular nucleus. Five different cell populations were observed in the isthmic region, whereas the large sensory dorsal cells, some cells located in the interpeduncular nucleus, the motor nuclei of most cranial nerves, the solitary tract nucleus, some cells of the reticular nuclei, and small cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-c) cells were the most evident stained cells of the rhombencephalon proper. Finally, several NADPH-d positive cells were observed in the rostral part of the spinal cord, including the large sensory dorsal cells, numerous CSF-c cells, and some dorsal and lateral interneurons. NADPH-d positive fibers were observed in the olfactory pathways (primary olfactory fibers and stria medullaris), the fasciculus retroflexus, and the dorsal column tract. Our results on the distribution of NADPH-d positive elements in the brain of the adult lamprey L. fluviatilis are significantly different from those previously reported in larval lampreys and demonstrated that these animals possess a complex nitrergic system readily comparable to those of other vertebrates, although important specific differences also exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Pombal
- Neurolam Group, Facultade de Bioloxía-IBIV, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel A. Pombal,
| | - Manuel Megías
- Neurolam Group, Facultade de Bioloxía-IBIV, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M. López
- Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Lazzari M, Bettini S, Milani L, Maurizii MG, Franceschini V. Response of Olfactory Sensory Neurons to Mercury Ions in Zebrafish: An Immunohistochemical Study. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:227-242. [PMID: 35177137 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621013763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of fish belong to three main types: ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (cOSNs), microvillous olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs), and crypt cells. Mercury is a toxic metal harmful for olfaction. We exposed the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish to three sublethal Hg2+ concentrations. Molecular markers specific for the different types of OSNs were immunohistochemically detected. Image analysis of treated sections enabled counting of marked cells and measurement of staining optical density indicative of the response of OSNs to Hg2+ exposure. The three types of OSNs reacted to mercury in a different way. Image analysis revealed that mOSNs are more susceptible to Hg2+ exposure than cOSNs and crypt cell density decreases. Moreover, while the ratio between sensory/nonsensory epithelium areas is unchanged, epithelium thickness drops, and dividing cells increase in the basal layer of the olfactory epithelium. Cell death but also reduction of apical processes and marker expression could account for changes in OSN immunostaining. Also, the differential results between dorsal and ventral halves of the olfactory rosette could derive from different water flows inside the olfactory chamber or different subpopulations in OSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Lazzari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna40126, Italy
| | - Simone Bettini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna40126, Italy
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna40126, Italy
| | - Maria G Maurizii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna40126, Italy
| | - Valeria Franceschini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna40126, Italy
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10
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Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Functions of habenula in reproduction and socio-reproductive behaviours. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 64:100964. [PMID: 34793817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Habenula is an evolutionarily conserved structure in the brain of vertebrates. Recent reports have drawn attention to the habenula as a processing centre for emotional decision-making and its role in psychiatric disorders. Emotional decision-making process is also known to be closely associated with reproductive conditions. The habenula receives innervations from reproductive centres within the brain and signals from key reproductive neuroendocrine regulators such as gonadal sex steroids, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and kisspeptin. In this review, based on morphological, biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological evidence we discuss an emerging role of the habenula in reproduction. Further, we discuss the modulatory role of reproductive endocrine factors in the habenula and their association with socio-reproductive behaviours such as mating, anxiety and aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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11
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Yáñez J, Folgueira M, Lamas I, Anadón R. The organization of the zebrafish pallium from a hodological perspective. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:1164-1194. [PMID: 34697803 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the connections (connectome) of the adult zebrafish pallium using carbocyanine dye tracing and ancillary anatomical methods. The everted zebrafish pallium (dorsal telencephalic area, D) is composed of several major zones (medial, lateral, dorsal, central, anterior, and posterior) distinguishable by their topography, cytoarchitecture, immunohistochemistry, and genoarchitecture. Our comprehensive study reveals poor interconnectivity between these pallial areas, especially between medial (Dm), lateral/dorsal (Dl, Dd), and posterior (Dp) regions. This suggests that the zebrafish pallium has dedicated modules for different neural processes. Pallial connections with extrapallial regions also show compartmental organization. Major extratelencephalic afferents come from preglomerular nuclei (to Dl, Dd, and Dm), posterior tuberal nucleus (to Dm), and lateral recess nucleus (to Dl). The subpallial (ventral, V) zones dorsal Vv, Vd, and Vs, considered homologues of the striatum, amygdala, and pallidum, are mainly afferent to Dl/Dd and Dp. Regarding the efferent pathways, they also appear characteristic of each pallial region. Rostral Dm projects to the dorsal entopeduncular nucleus. Dp is interconnected with the olfactory bulbs. The central region (Dc) defined here receives mainly projections from Dl-Dd and projects toward the pretectum and optic tectum, connections, which help to delimiting Dc. The connectome of the adult pallium revealed here complements extant studies on the neuroanatomical organization of the brain, and may be useful for neurogenetic studies performed during early stages of development. The connectome of the zebrafish pallium was also compared with the pallial connections reported in other teleosts, a large group showing high pallial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Yáñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Ibán Lamas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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López JM, Jiménez S, Morona R, Lozano D, Moreno N. Analysis of Islet-1, Nkx2.1, Pax6, and Orthopedia in the forebrain of the sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus identifies conserved prosomeric characteristics. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:834-855. [PMID: 34547112 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The distribution patterns of a set of conserved brain developmental regulatory transcription factors were analyzed in the forebrain of the basal actinopterygian fish Acipenser ruthenus, consistent with the prosomeric model. In the telencephalon, the pallium was characterized by ventricular expression of Pax6. In the subpallium, the combined expression of Nkx2.1/Islet-1 (Isl1) allowed to propose ventral and dorsal areas, as the septo-pallidal (Nkx2.1/Isl1+) and striatal derivatives (Isl1+), respectively, and a dorsal portion of the striatal derivatives, ventricularly rich in Pax6 and devoid of Isl1 expression. Dispersed Orthopedia (Otp) cells were found in the supracommissural and posterior nuclei of the ventral telencephalon, related to the medial portion of the amygdaloid complex. The preoptic area was identified by the Nkx2.1/Isl1 expression. In the alar hypothalamus, an Otp-expressing territory, lacking Nkx2.1/Isl1, was identified as the paraventricular domain. The adjacent subparaventricular domain (Spa) was subdivided in a rostral territory expressing Nkx2.1 and an Isl1+ caudal one. In the basal hypothalamus, the tuberal region was defined by the Nkx2.1/Isl1 expression and a rostral Otp-expressing domain was identified. Moreover, the Otp/Nkx2.1 combination showed an additional zone lacking Isl1, tentatively identified as the mamillary area. In the diencephalon, both Pax6 and Isl1 defined the prethalamic domain, and within the basal prosomere 3, scattered Pax6- and Isl1-expressing cells were observed in the posterior tubercle. Finally, a small group of Pax6 cells was observed in the pretectal area. These results improve the understanding of the forebrain evolution and demonstrate that its basic bauplan is present very early in the vertebrate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Villamayor PR, Arana ÁJ, Coppel C, Ortiz-Leal I, Torres MV, Sanchez-Quinteiro P, Sánchez L. A comprehensive structural, lectin and immunohistochemical characterization of the zebrafish olfactory system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8865. [PMID: 33893372 PMCID: PMC8065131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish chemosensory olfactory receptors allow them to detect a wide range of water-soluble chemicals, that mediate fundamental behaviours. Zebrafish possess a well-developed sense of smell which governs reproduction, appetite, and fear responses. The spatial organization of functional properties within the olfactory epithelium and bulb are comparable to those of mammals, making this species suitable for studies of olfactory differentiation and regeneration and neuronal representation of olfactory information. The advent of genomic techniques has been decisive for the discovery of specific olfactory cell types and the identification of cell populations expressing vomeronasal receptors. These advances have marched ahead of morphological and neurochemical studies. This study aims to fill the existing gap in specific histological, lectin-histochemical and immunohistochemical studies on the olfactory rosette and the olfactory bulb of the zebrafish. Tissue dissection and microdissection techniques were employed, followed by histological staining techniques, lectin-histochemical labelling (UEA, LEA, BSI-B4) and immunohistochemistry using antibodies against G proteins subunits αo and αi2, growth-associated protein-43, calbindin, calretinin, glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein and luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone. The results obtained enrich the available information on the neurochemical patterns of the zebrafish olfactory system, pointing to a greater complexity than the one currently considered, especially when taking into account the peculiarities of the nonsensory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Villamayor
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Av Carballo Calero s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Álvaro J Arana
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Coppel
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Irene Ortiz-Leal
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Av Carballo Calero s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Mateo V Torres
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Av Carballo Calero s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Quinteiro
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Av Carballo Calero s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
- Preclinical Animal Models Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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14
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Zaccone G, Cupello C, Capillo G, Kuciel M, Nascimento ALR, Gopesh A, Germanà GP, Spanò N, Guerrera MC, Aragona M, Crupi R, Icardo JM, Lauriano ER. Expression of Acetylcholine- and G protein coupled Muscarinic receptor in the Neuroepithelial cells (NECs) of the obligated air-breathing fish, Arapaima gigas (Arapaimatidae: Teleostei). ZOOLOGY 2020; 139:125755. [PMID: 32088527 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The air-breathing specialization has evolved idependently in vertebrates, as many different organs can perfom gas exchange. The largest obligate air-breathing fish from South America Arapaima gigas breathe air using its gas bladder, and its dependence on air breathing increases during its growth. During its development, gill morphology shows a dramatic change, remodeling with a gradual reduction of gill lamellae during the transition from water breathing to air breathing . It has been suggested that in this species the gills remain the main site of O2 and CO2 sensing. Consistent with this, we demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of the neuroepithelial cells (NECs) in the glottis, and in the gill filament epithelia and their distal halves. These cells contain a broader spectrum of neurotransmitters (5-HT, acetylcholine, nNOS), G-protein subunits and the muscarininic receptors that are coupled to G proteins (G-protein coupled receptors). We report also for the first time the presence of G alpha proteins coupled with muscarinic receptors on the NECs, that are thought as receptors that initiate the cardiorespiratory reflexes in aquatic vertebrates. Based on the specific orientation in the epithelia and their closest vicinity to efferent vasculatures, the gill and glottal NECs of A. gigas could be regarded as potential O2 and CO2 sensing receptors. However, future studies are needed to ascertain the neurophysiological characterization of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Camila Cupello
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale dell'Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Michal Kuciel
- Poison Information Centre, Department of Toxicology and Environmental Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Jagellonian University, Kpernika 15, 30-501 Krakòw, Poland
| | - Ana L R Nascimento
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anita Gopesh
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, U.P., India
| | - Germana Patrizia Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale dell'Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Guerrera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale dell'Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale dell'Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale dell'Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Jose Manuel Icardo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Poligono de Cazona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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15
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López JM, Morona R, González A. Pattern of nitrergic cells and fibers organization in the central nervous system of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi). J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1771-1800. [PMID: 30689201 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri is the only extant species of the order Ceratodontiformes, which retained most of the primitive features of ancient lobe finned-fishes. Lungfishes are the closest living relatives of land vertebrates and their study is important for deducing the neural traits that were conserved, modified, or lost with the transition from fishes to land vertebrates. We have investigated the nitrergic system with neural nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemistry and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry, which yielded almost identical results except for the primary olfactory projections and the terminal and preoptic nerve fibers labeled only for NADPH-d. Combined immunohistochemistry was used for simultaneous detection of NOS with catecholaminergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic structures, aiming to establish accurately the localization of the nitrergic elements and to assess possible interactions between these neurotransmitter systems. The results demonstrated abundant nitrergic cells in the basal ganglia, amygdaloid complex, preoptic area, basal hypothalamus, mesencephalic tectum and tegmentum, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, reticular formation, spinal cord, and retina. In addition, low numbers of nitrergic cells were observed in the olfactory bulb, all pallial divisions, lateral septum, suprachiasmatic nucleus, prethalamic and thalamic areas, posterior tubercle, pretectum, torus semicircularis, cerebellar nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, the medial octavolateral nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, and the dorsal column nucleus. Colocalization of NOS and tyrosine hydroxylase was observed in numerous cells of the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra complex. Comparison with other vertebrates, using a neuromeric analysis, reveals that the nitrergic system of Neoceratodus shares many neuroanatomical features with tetrapods and particularly with amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín González
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Maximino C, do Carmo Silva RX, Dos Santos Campos K, de Oliveira JS, Rocha SP, Pyterson MP, Dos Santos Souza DP, Feitosa LM, Ikeda SR, Pimentel AFN, Ramos PNF, Costa BPD, Herculano AM, Rosemberg DB, Siqueira-Silva DH, Lima-Maximino M. Sensory ecology of ostariophysan alarm substances. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:274-286. [PMID: 30345536 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical communication of predation risk has evolved multiple times in fish species, with conspecific alarm substance (CAS) being the most well understood mechanism. CAS is released after epithelial damage, usually when prey fish are captured by a predator and elicits neurobehavioural adjustments in conspecifics which increase the probability of avoiding predation. As such, CAS is a partial predator stimulus, eliciting risk assessment-like and avoidance behaviours and disrupting the predation sequence. The present paper reviews the distribution and putative composition of CAS in fish and presents a model for the neural processing of these structures by the olfactory and the brain aversive systems. Applications of CAS in the behavioural neurosciences and neuropharmacology are also presented, exploiting the potential of model fish [e.g., zebrafish Danio rerio, guppies Poecilia reticulata, minnows Phoxinus phoxinus) in neurobehavioural research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Rhayra X do Carmo Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Kimberly Dos Santos Campos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Jeisiane S de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Sueslene P Rocha
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Maryana P Pyterson
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Dainara P Dos Santos Souza
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Feitosa
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Saulo R Ikeda
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Ana F N Pimentel
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Pâmila N F Ramos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - Cidade Universitária Paulo VI - Predio da Veterinária, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Bruna P D Costa
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - Cidade Universitária Paulo VI - Predio da Veterinária, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Anderson M Herculano
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratório de Neuropsicobiologia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Diógenes H Siqueira-Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Monica Lima-Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
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17
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Calvo-Ochoa E, Byrd-Jacobs CA. The Olfactory System of Zebrafish as a Model for the Study of Neurotoxicity and Injury: Implications for Neuroplasticity and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071639. [PMID: 30986990 PMCID: PMC6480214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory system, composed of the olfactory organs and the olfactory bulb, allows organisms to interact with their environment and through the detection of odor signals. Olfaction mediates behaviors pivotal for survival, such as feeding, mating, social behavior, and danger assessment. The olfactory organs are directly exposed to the milieu, and thus are particularly vulnerable to damage by environmental pollutants and toxicants, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and surfactants, among others. Given the widespread occurrence of olfactory toxicants, there is a pressing need to understand the effects of these harmful compounds on olfactory function. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable model for studying human physiology, disease, and toxicity. Additionally, the anatomical components of the zebrafish olfactory system are similar to those of other vertebrates, and they present a remarkable degree of regeneration and neuroplasticity, making it an ideal model for the study of regeneration, reorganization and repair mechanisms following olfactory toxicant exposure. In this review, we focus on (1) the anatomical, morphological, and functional organization of the olfactory system of zebrafish; (2) the adverse effects of olfactory toxicants and injury to the olfactory organ; and (3) remodeling and repair neuroplasticity mechanisms following injury and degeneration by olfactory toxicant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calvo-Ochoa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA.
| | - Christine A Byrd-Jacobs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA.
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18
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Nikonov AA, Maruska KP. Male dominance status regulates odor-evoked processing in the forebrain of a cichlid fish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5083. [PMID: 30911102 PMCID: PMC6433859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to identify odors in the environment is crucial for survival and reproduction. However, whether olfactory processing in higher-order brain centers is influenced by an animal's physiological condition is unknown. We used in vivo neuron and local field potential (LFP) recordings from the ventral telencephalon of dominant and subordinate male cichlids to test the hypothesis that response properties of olfactory neurons differ with social status. Dominant males had a high percentage of neurons that responded to several odor types, suggesting broad tuning or differential sensitivity when males are reproductively active and defending a territory. A greater percentage of neurons in dominant males also responded to sex- and food-related odors, while a greater percentage of neurons in subordinate males responded to complex odors collected from behaving dominant males, possibly as a mechanism to mediate social suppression and allow subordinates to identify opportunities to rise in rank. Odor-evoked LFP spectral densities, indicative of synaptic inputs, were also 2-3-fold greater in dominant males, demonstrating status-dependent differences in processing possibly linking olfactory and other neural inputs to goal-directed behaviors. For the first time we reveal social and reproductive-state plasticity in olfactory processing neurons in the vertebrate forebrain that are associated with status-specific lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Nikonov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Karen P Maruska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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19
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Lazzari M, Bettini S, Milani L, Maurizii MG, Franceschini V. Differential nickel-induced responses of olfactory sensory neuron populations in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 206:14-23. [PMID: 30415017 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium of fish includes three main types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Whereas ciliated (cOSNs) and microvillous olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs) are common to all vertebrates, a third, smaller group, the crypt cells, is exclusive for fish. Dissolved pollutants reach OSNs, thus resulting in impairment of the olfactory function with possible neurobehavioral damages, and nickel represents a diffuse olfactory toxicant. We studied the effects of three sublethal Ni2+ concentrations on the different OSN populations of zebrafish that is a widely used biological model. We applied image analysis with cell count and quantification of histochemically-detected markers of the different types of OSNs. The present study shows clear evidence of a differential responses of OSN populations to treatments. Densitometric values for Gα olf, a marker of cOSNs, decreased compared to control and showed a concentration-dependent effect in the ventral half of the olfactory rosette. The densitometric analysis of TRPC2, a marker of mOSNs, revealed a statistically significant reduction compared to control, smaller than the decrease for Gα olf and without concentration-dependent effects. After exposure, olfactory epithelium stained with anti-calretinin, a marker of c- and mOSNs, revealed a decrease in thickness while the sensory area appeared unchanged. The thickness reduction together with increased densitometric values for HuC/D, a marker of mature and immature neurons, suggests that the decrements in Gα olf and TRPC2 immunostaining may depend on cell death. However, reductions in the number of apical processes and of antigen expression could be a further explanation. We hypothesize that cOSNs are more sensitive than mOSNs to Ni2+ exposure. Difference between subpopulations of OSNs or differences in water flux throughout the olfactory cavity could account for the greater susceptibility of the OSNs located in the ventral half of the olfactory rosette. Cell count of anti-TrkA immunopositive cells reveals that Ni2+ exposure does not affect crypt cells. The results of this immunohistochemical study are not in line with those obtained by electro-olfactogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Lazzari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simone Bettini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Maurizii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Franceschini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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20
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Bettini S, Lazzari M, Franceschini V. Molecular Markers in the Study of Non-model Vertebrates: Their Significant Contributions to the Current Knowledge of Tetrapod Glial Cells and Fish Olfactory Neurons. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 68:355-377. [PMID: 31598864 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the morphological and functional aspects of mammalian glial cells has greatly increased in the last few decades. Glial cells represent the most diffused cell type in the central nervous system, and they play a critical role in the development and function of the brain. Glial cell dysfunction has recently been shown to contribute to various neurological disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia, pain, and neurodegeneration. For this reason, glia constitutes an interesting area of research because of its clinical, diagnostic, and pharmacological relapses. In this chapter, we present and discuss the cytoarchitecture of glial cells in tetrapods from an evolutive perspective. GFAP and vimentin are main components of the intermediate filaments of glial cells and are used as cytoskeletal molecular markers because of their high degree of conservation in the various vertebrate groups. In the anamniotic tetrapods and their progenitors, Rhipidistia (Dipnoi are the only extant rhipidistian fish), the cytoskeletal markers show a model based exclusively on radial glial cells. In the transition from primitive vertebrates to successively evolved forms, the emergence of a new model has been observed which is believed to support the most complex functional aspects of the nervous system in the vertebrates. In reptiles, radial glial cells are prevalent, but star-shaped astrocytes begin to appear in the midbrain. In endothermic amniotes (birds and mammals), star-shaped astrocytes are predominant. In glial cells, vimentin is indicative of immature cells, while GFAP indicates mature ones.Olfactory receptor neurons undergo continuous turnover, so they are an easy model for neurogenesis studies. Moreover, they are useful in neurotoxicity studies because of the exposed position of their apical pole to the external environment. Among vertebrates, fish represent a valid biological model in this field. In particular, zebrafish, already used in laboratories for embryological, neurobiological, genetic, and pathophysiological studies, is the reference organism in olfactory system research. Smell plays an important role in the reproductive behavior of fish, with direct influences also on the numerical consistency of their populations. Taking into account that a lot of species have considerable economic importance, it is necessary to verify if the model of zebrafish olfactory organ is also directly applicable to other fish. In this chapter, we focus on crypt cells, a morphological type of olfactory cells specific of fish. We describe hypothetical function (probably related with social behavior) and evolutive position of these cells (prior to the appearance of the vomeronasal organ in tetrapods). We also offer the first comparison of the molecular characteristics of these receptors between zebrafish and the guppy. Interestingly, the immunohistochemical expression patterns of known crypt cell markers are not overlapping in the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bettini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lazzari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valeria Franceschini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Quadros VA, Costa FV, Canzian J, Nogueira CW, Rosemberg DB. Modulatory role of conspecific alarm substance on aggression and brain monoamine oxidase activity in two zebrafish populations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:322-330. [PMID: 29588212 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Quadros
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistr and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano V Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistr and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Canzian
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistr and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistr and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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22
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Morona R, López JM, Northcutt RG, González A. Regional chemoarchitecture of the brain of lungfishes based on calbindin D-28K and calretinin immunohistochemistry. J Comp Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29520817 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lungfishes are the closest living relatives of land vertebrates, and their neuroanatomical organization is particularly relevant for deducing the neural traits that have been conserved, modified, or lost with the transition from fishes to land vertebrates. The immunohistochemical localization of calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR) provides a powerful method for discerning segregated neuronal populations, fiber tracts, and neuropils and is here applied to the brains of Neoceratodus and Protopterus, representing the two extant orders of lungfishes. The results showed abundant cells containing these proteins in pallial and subpallial telencephalic regions, with particular distinct distribution in the basal ganglia, amygdaloid complex, and septum. Similarly, the distribution of CB and CR containing cells supports the division of the hypothalamus of lungfishes into neuromeric regions, as in tetrapods. The dense concentrations of CB and CR positive cells and fibers highlight the extent of the thalamus. As in other vertebrates, the optic tectum is characterized by numerous CB positive cells and fibers and smaller numbers of CR cells. The so-called cerebellar nucleus contains abundant CB and CR cells with long ascending axons, which raises the possibility that it could be homologized to the secondary gustatory nucleus of other vertebrates. The corpus of the cerebellum is devoid of CB and CR and cells positive for both proteins are found in the cerebellar auricles and the octavolateralis nuclei. Comparison with other vertebrates reveals that lungfishes share most of their features of calcium binding protein distribution with amphibians, particularly with salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - R Glenn Northcutt
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, , University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Agustín González
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
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Rearrangement of Actin Microfilaments in the Development of Olfactory Receptor Cells in Fish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3692. [PMID: 29487380 PMCID: PMC5829147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, it remains poorly understood how the olfactory neuron migrates through the thick neuroepithelium during its maturation from a stem cell and how it develops a specific sensitivity to environmental odorants after maturation. We investigated the cytochemical features associated with the development of olfactory cells before and after the incorporation of dendrites into the surface of the olfactory epithelium. Using cytochemical staining for the actin cytoskeleton and other cell components, we found that immature neurons acquire a streamlined shape that resembles a «hot-dog» during their migration: a dense layer of actin microfilaments forms beneath the surface membrane of the growing dendrite, and the bulk of the nuclear material moves inside this layer. We have found that when the cell makes contact with its environment, the dendritic terminal develops a wide actin layer, inside which a pore is formed. It is assumed that the functional receptors of odorants generate across this pore the first intracellular signal from environmental water-soluble odorants. These data illustrate the important role of the cytoskeleton in the differentiation of olfactory cells.
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24
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Barreiro-Iglesias A, Fernández-López B, Sobrido-Cameán D, Anadón R. Organization of alpha-transducin immunoreactive system in the brain and retina of larval and young adult Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), and their relationship with other neural systems. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3683-3704. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology; University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Blanca Fernández-López
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology; University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Daniel Sobrido-Cameán
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology; University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology; University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
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25
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Crypt cell markers in the olfactory organ of Poecilia reticulata: analysis and comparison with the fish model Danio rerio. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3063-3074. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Lazzari M, Bettini S, Milani L, Maurizii MG, Franceschini V. Differential response of olfactory sensory neuron populations to copper ion exposure in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 183:54-62. [PMID: 27992776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral olfactory system of fish is in direct contact with the external aqueous environment, so dissolved contaminants can easily impair sensory functions and cause neurobehavioral injuries. The olfactory epithelium of fish is arranged in lamellae forming a rosette in the olfactory cavity and contains three main types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs): ciliated (cOSNs) and microvillous olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs), common to all vertebrates, and a third minor group of olfactory neurons, crypt cells, absent in tetrapods. Since copper is a ubiquitously diffusing olfactory toxicant and a spreading contaminant in urban runoff, we investigated the effect of low copper concentration on the three different OSNs in the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish, a model system widely used in biological research. Image analysis was applied for morphometry and quantification of immunohistochemically detected OSNs. Copper exposure resulted in an evident decrease in olfactory epithelium thickness. Moreover, after exposure, the lamellae of the dorsal and ventral halves of the olfactory rosettes showed a different increase in their sensory areas, suggesting a lateral migration of new cells into non-sensory regions. The results of the present study provide clear evidence of a differential response of the three neural cell populations of zebrafish olfactory mucosa after 96h of exposure to copper ions at the sublethal concentration of 30μgL-1. Densitometric values of cONS, immunostained with anti-G αolf, decreased of about 60% compared to the control. When the fish were transferred to water without copper addition and examined after 3, 10 and 30days, we observed a partial restoration of anti-G αolf staining intensity to normal condition. The recovery of cOSNs appeared sustained by neuronal proliferation, quantified with anti-PCNA immunostaining, in particular in the early days after exposure. The densitometric analysis applied to mOSNs, immunostained with anti-TRPC2, revealed a statistically significant decrease of about 30% compared to the control. For cOSNs and mOSNs, the decrement in staining intensity may be indicative of cell death, but reduction in antigen expression may not be excluded. In the post-exposure period of 1 month we did not find recovery of mOSNs. We hypothesize that cOSNs are more sensitive than mOSNs to copper treatment, but also more prompted to tissue repair. Anti-TrkA-immunopositive crypt cells appeared not to be affected by copper exposure since statistical analysis excluded any significant difference between the control and treated fish. Comparative studies on OSNs would greatly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Lazzari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simone Bettini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Maurizii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Franceschini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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27
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Ochs CL, Suntres T, Zygowska A, Pitcher T, Zielinski BS. Organization of glomerular territories in the olfactory bulb of post-embryonic wild chinook salmonOncorhynchus tshawytscha. J Morphol 2017; 278:464-474. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory L. Ochs
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Windsor; 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Tina Suntres
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Windsor; 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Alexandra Zygowska
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Windsor; 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Trevor Pitcher
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Windsor; 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor; 2990 Riverside Dr. W. Windsor Ontario N9C 1A2
| | - Barbara S. Zielinski
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Windsor; 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor; 2990 Riverside Dr. W. Windsor Ontario N9C 1A2
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28
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Exposure to Zinc Sulfate Results in Differential Effects on Olfactory Sensory Neuron Subtypes in Adult Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091445. [PMID: 27589738 PMCID: PMC5037724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc sulfate is a known olfactory toxicant, although its specific effects on the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish are unknown. Olfactory organs of adult zebrafish were exposed to zinc sulfate and, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 or 14 days, fish were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and behavioral analyses. Severe morphological disruption of the olfactory organ was observed two days following zinc sulfate exposure, including fusion of lamellae, epithelial inflammation, and significant loss of anti-calretinin labeling. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the apical surface of the sensory region was absent of ciliated structures, but microvilli were still present. Behavioral analysis showed significant loss of the ability to perceive bile salts and some fish also had no response to amino acids. Over the next several days, olfactory organ morphology, epithelial structure, and anti-calretinin labeling returned to control-like conditions, although the ability to perceive bile salts remained lost until day 14. Thus, exposure to zinc sulfate results in rapid degeneration of the olfactory organ, followed by restoration of morphology and function within two weeks. Zinc sulfate appears to have a greater effect on ciliated olfactory sensory neurons than on microvillous olfactory sensory neurons, suggesting differential effects on sensory neuron subtypes.
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29
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Butler JM, Field KE, Maruska KP. Cobalt Chloride Treatment Used to Ablate the Lateral Line System Also Impairs the Olfactory System in Three Freshwater Fishes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159521. [PMID: 27416112 PMCID: PMC4944935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishes use multimodal signals during both inter- and intra-sexual displays to convey information about their sex, reproductive state, and social status. These complex behavioral displays can include visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and hydrodynamic signals, and the relative role of each sensory channel in these complex multi-sensory interactions is a common focus of neuroethology. The mechanosensory lateral line system of fishes detects near-body water movements and is implicated in a variety of behaviors including schooling, rheotaxis, social communication, and prey detection. Cobalt chloride is commonly used to chemically ablate lateral line neuromasts, thereby eliminating water-movement cues to test for mechanosensory-mediated behavioral functions. However, cobalt acts as a nonspecific calcium channel antagonist and could potentially disrupt function of all superficially located sensory receptor cells, including those for chemosensing. Here, we examined whether CoCl2 treatment used to ablate the lateral line system also impairs olfaction in three freshwater fishes, the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, goldfish Carassius auratus, and the Mexican blind cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. To examine the impact of CoCl2 on the activity of peripheral receptors, we quantified DASPEI fluorescence intensity of the olfactory epithelium from fish exposed to control and CoCl2 solutions. In addition, we examined brain activation in olfactory processing regions of A. burtoni immersed in either control or cobalt solutions. All three species exposed to CoCl2 had decreased DASPEI staining of the olfactory epithelium, and in A. burtoni, cobalt treatment caused reduced neural activation in olfactory processing regions of the brain. To our knowledge this is the first empirical evidence demonstrating that the same CoCl2 treatment used to ablate the lateral line system also impairs olfactory function. These data have important implications for the use of CoCl2 in future research and suggest that previous studies using CoCl2 should be reinterpreted in the context of both impaired mechanoreception and olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 107 Life Sciences Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States of America
| | - Karen E Field
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 107 Life Sciences Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States of America
| | - Karen P Maruska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 107 Life Sciences Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States of America
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30
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Anatomical features for the adequate choice of experimental animal models in biomedicine: I. Fishes. Ann Anat 2016; 205:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Turner KJ, Hawkins TA, Yáñez J, Anadón R, Wilson SW, Folgueira M. Afferent Connectivity of the Zebrafish Habenulae. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:30. [PMID: 27199671 PMCID: PMC4844923 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The habenulae are bilateral nuclei located in the dorsal diencephalon that are conserved across vertebrates. Here we describe the main afferents to the habenulae in larval and adult zebrafish. We observe afferents from the subpallium, nucleus rostrolateralis, posterior tuberculum, posterior hypothalamic lobe, median raphe; we also see asymmetric afferents from olfactory bulb to the right habenula, and from the parapineal to the left habenula. In addition, we find afferents from a ventrolateral telencephalic nucleus that neurochemical and hodological data identify as the ventral entopeduncular nucleus (vENT), confirming and extending observations of Amo et al. (2014). Fate map and marker studies suggest that vENT originates from the diencephalic prethalamic eminence and extends into the lateral telencephalon from 48 to 120 hour post-fertilization (hpf). No afferents to the habenula were observed from the dorsal entopeduncular nucleus (dENT). Consequently, we confirm that the vENT (and not the dENT) should be considered as the entopeduncular nucleus "proper" in zebrafish. Furthermore, comparison with data in other vertebrates suggests that the vENT is a conserved basal ganglia nucleus, being homologous to the entopeduncular nucleus of mammals (internal segment of the globus pallidus of primates) by both embryonic origin and projections, as previously suggested by Amo et al. (2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL)London, UK
| | - Thomas A. Hawkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL)London, UK
| | - Julián Yáñez
- Neurover Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruña (UDC)A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL)London, UK
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL)London, UK
- Neurover Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruña (UDC)A Coruña, Spain
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32
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Ogino T, Sawada M, Takase H, Nakai C, Herranz-Pérez V, Cebrián-Silla A, Kaneko N, García-Verdugo JM, Sawamoto K. Characterization of multiciliated ependymal cells that emerge in the neurogenic niche of the aged zebrafish brain. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:2982-92. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ogino
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya 467-8601 Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya 467-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya 467-8601 Japan
| | - Chiemi Nakai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya 467-8601 Japan
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles; Universidad de Valencia; CIBERNED 46980 Valencia Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración; IIS Hospital La Fe; 46026 Valencia Spain
| | - Arantxa Cebrián-Silla
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles; Universidad de Valencia; CIBERNED 46980 Valencia Spain
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya 467-8601 Japan
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles; Universidad de Valencia; CIBERNED 46980 Valencia Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración; IIS Hospital La Fe; 46026 Valencia Spain
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya 467-8601 Japan
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33
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Perathoner S, Cordero-Maldonado ML, Crawford AD. Potential of zebrafish as a model for exploring the role of the amygdala in emotional memory and motivational behavior. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:445-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Perathoner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB); University of Luxembourg; Belvaux Luxembourg
| | | | - Alexander D. Crawford
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB); University of Luxembourg; Belvaux Luxembourg
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34
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López JM, Lozano D, Morona R, González A. Organization of the nitrergic neuronal system in the primitive bony fishes Polypterus senegalus and Erpetoichthys calabaricus (Actinopterygii: Cladistia). J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:1770-804. [PMID: 26517971 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cladistians are a group of basal actinopterygian fishes that constitute a good model for studying primitive brain features, most likely present in the ancestral bony fishes. The analysis of the nitrergic neurons (with the enzyme nitric oxide synthase; NOS) has helped in understanding important aspects of brain organization in all vertebrates studied. We investigated the nitrergic system of two cladistian species by means of specific antibodies against NOS and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry, which, with the exception of the primary olfactory and terminal nerve fibers, labeled only for NADPH-d, yielded identical results. Double immunohistochemistry was conducted for simultaneous detection of NOS with tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyltransferase, calbindin, calretinin, and serotonin, to establish accurately the localization of the nitrergic neurons and fibers and to assess possible interactions between these neuroactive substances. The pattern of distribution in both species showed only subtle differences in the density of labeled cells. Distinct groups of NOS-immunoreactive cells were observed in pallial and subpallial areas, paraventricular region, tuberal and retromammillary hypothalamic areas, posterior tubercle, prethalamic and thalamic areas, optic tectum, torus semicircularis, mesencephalic tegmentum, interpeduncular nucleus, superior and middle reticular nuclei, magnocellular vestibular nucleus, solitary tract nucleus, nucleus medianus magnocellularis, the spinal cord and amacrine cells in the retina. Large neurons in cranial nerve sensory ganglia were also labeled. The comparison of these results with those from other vertebrates, using a neuromeric analysis, reveals a conserved pattern of organization of the nitrergic system from this primitive fish group to amniotes, including mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín González
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Bettini S, Lazzari M, Ferrando S, Gallus L, Franceschini V. Histopathological analysis of the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to sublethal doses of urea. J Anat 2015; 228:59-69. [PMID: 26510631 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal disease is known to alter olfactory function, but the specific changes induced in olfactory organs during this process remain unclear. Of the uraemic toxins generated during renal disease, high levels of urea are known to induce hyposmic conditions. In this study, the effects of environmental exposure to elevated concentrations of urea (7, 13.5 and 20 g L(-1)) on the sensory mucosa of zebrafish in acute toxicity and chronic toxicity tests were described. It was observed that lamellae maintained structural integrity and epithelial thickness was slightly reduced, but only following exposure to the highest concentrations of urea. Pan-neuronal labelling with anti-Hu revealed a negative correlation with levels of urea, leading to investigation of whether distinct neuronal subtypes were equally sensitive. Using densitometric analysis of immunolabelled tissues, numbers of Gα olf-, TRPC2- and TrkA-expressing cells were compared, representing ciliated, microvillous and crypt neurons, respectively. The three neuronal subpopulations responded differently to increasing levels of urea. In particular, crypt cells were more severely affected than the other cell types, and Gα olf-immunoreactivity was found to increase when fish were exposed to low doses of urea. It can be concluded that exposure to moderate levels of urea leads to sensory toxicity directly affecting olfactory organs, in accordance with the functional olfactometric measurements previously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bettini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lazzari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Ferrando
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gallus
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Franceschini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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36
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Castro A, Becerra M, Manso MJ, Anadón R. Neuronal organization of the brain in the adult amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum): A study with acetylated tubulin immunohistochemistry. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:2211-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Castro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Sciences; University of A Coruña; 15008 A Coruña Spain
| | - Manuela Becerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology; CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela; 15706 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - María Jesús Manso
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Sciences; University of A Coruña; 15008 A Coruña Spain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology; CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela; 15706 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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37
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Nathan FM, Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Kisspeptin1 modulates odorant-evoked fear response via two serotonin receptor subtypes (5-HT1A
and 5-HT2
) in zebrafish. J Neurochem 2015; 133:870-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima M. Nathan
- Brain Research Institute; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S. Parhar
- Brain Research Institute; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
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38
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D'aniello B, Luongo L, Rastogi RK, Di Meglio M, Pinelli C. Tract-tracing study of the extrabulbar olfactory projections in the brain of some teleosts. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:268-76. [PMID: 25663434 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The extrabulbar olfactory projections (EBOP) is a collection of nerve fibers that originate from primary olfactory receptor neurons. These fibers penetrate into the brain, bypassing the olfactory bulbs (OBs). While the presence of an EBOP has been well established in teleosts, here we morphologically characterize the EBOP structure in four species each with a different morphological relationship of OB with the ventral telencephalic area. Tract-tracing methods (carbocyanine DiI/DIA and biocytin) were used. FMRFamide immunoreactive nervus terminalis (NT) components were also visualized to define any neuroanatomical relationship between the NT and EBOP. Unilateral DiI/DiA application to the olfactory chamber stained the entire olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve fibers, and ipsilateral olfactory bulb. Labeled primary olfactory fibers running ventromedially as extrabulbar primary olfactory projections reached various regions of the secondary prosencephalon. Only in Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (no olfactory peduncle) did lipophilic tracer-labeled fibers reach the ipsilateral mesencephalon. The combination of tracing techniques and FMRFamide immunohistochemistry revealed a substantial overlap of the label along the olfactory pathways as well as in the anterior secondary prosencephalon. However, FMRFamide immunoreactivity was never colocalized in the same cellular or fiber component as visualized using tracer molecules. Our results showed a certain uniformity in the neuroanatomy and extension of EBOP in all four species, independent of the pedunculate feature of the OBs. The present study also provided additional evidence to support the view that EBOP and FMRFamide immunoreactive components of the NT are separate anatomical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio D'aniello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
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Ahuja G, Korsching S. Zebrafish olfactory receptor ORA1 recognizes a putative reproductive pheromone. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 7:970501. [PMID: 26842458 PMCID: PMC4594460 DOI: 10.4161/19420889.2014.970501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost v1r-related ora genes constitute a small and
highly conserved olfactory receptor gene family, and their direct orthologs are present in
lineages as distant as cartilaginous fishes. Recently, the first member of the
ora gene family was deorphanized. ORA1 detects p-hydroxyphenylacetic
acid with high sensitivity and specificity. This compound elicits olfactory-mediated
oviposition behavior in adult zebrafish mating pairs, suggesting a potential function as a
reproductive pheromone for pHPAA itself or a related substance. This association of an
odor and its cognate receptor with an oviposition response may provide a molecular basis
for studying neural circuits involved in fish reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Ahuja
- Institute for Genetics; University at Cologne ; Cologne, Germany
| | - Sigrun Korsching
- Institute for Genetics; University at Cologne ; Cologne, Germany
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Quintana-Urzainqui I, Anadón R, Candal E, Rodríguez-Moldes I. Development of the terminal nerve system in the shark Scyliorhinus canicula. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2014; 84:277-87. [PMID: 25402659 DOI: 10.1159/000367839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The nervus terminalis (or terminal nerve) system was discovered in an elasmobranch species more than a century ago. Over the past century, it has also been recognized in other vertebrate groups, from agnathans to mammals. However, its origin, functions or relationship with the olfactory system are still under debate. Despite the abundant literature about the nervus terminalis system in adult elasmobranchs, its development has been overlooked. Studies in other vertebrates have reported newly differentiated neurons of the terminal nerve system migrating from the olfactory epithelium to the telencephalon as part of a 'migratory mass' of cells associated with the olfactory nerve. Whether the same occurs in developing elasmobranchs (adults showing anatomically separated nervus terminalis and olfactory systems) has not yet been determined. In this work we characterized for the first time the development of the terminal nerve and ganglia in an elasmobranch, the lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula), by means of tract-tracing techniques combined with immunohistochemical markers for the terminal nerve (such as FMRF-amide peptide), for the developing components of the olfactory system (Gα0 protein, GFAP, Pax6), and markers for early postmitotic neurons (HuC/D) and migrating immature neurons (DCX). We discriminated between embryonic olfactory and terminal nerve systems and determined that both components may share a common origin in the migratory mass. We also localized the exact point where they split off near the olfactory nerve-olfactory bulb junction. The study of the development of the terminal nerve system in a basal gnathostome contributes to the knowledge of the ancestral features of this system in vertebrates, shedding light on its evolution and highlighting the importance of elasmobranchs for developmental and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Quintana-Urzainqui
- Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Ecoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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White EJ, Kounelis SK, Byrd-Jacobs CA. Plasticity of glomeruli and olfactory-mediated behavior in zebrafish following detergent lesioning of the olfactory epithelium. Neuroscience 2014; 284:622-631. [PMID: 25450960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish olfactory system is a valuable model for examining neural regeneration after damage due to the remarkable plasticity of this sensory system and of fish species. We applied detergent to the olfactory organ and examined the effects on both morphology and function of the olfactory system in adult zebrafish. Olfactory organs were treated once with Triton X-100 unilaterally to study glomerular innervation patterns or bilaterally to study odor detection. Fish were allowed to recover for 4-10 days and were compared to untreated control fish. Axonal projections were analyzed using whole mount immunocytochemistry with anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, a marker of olfactory axons in teleosts. Chemical lesioning of the olfactory organ with a single dose of Triton X-100 had profound effects on glomerular distribution in the olfactory bulb at 4 days after treatment, with the most significant effects in the medial region of the bulb. Glomeruli had returned by 7 days post-treatment. Analysis of the ability of the fish to detect cocktails of amino acids or bile salts consisted of counting the number of turns the fish made before and after odorant delivery. Control fish turned more after exposure to both odorants. Fish tested 4 and 7 days after chemical lesioning made more turns in response to amino acids but did not respond to bile salts. At 10 days post-lesion, these fish had regained the ability to detect bile salts. Thus, the changes seen in bulbar innervation patterns correlated to odorant-mediated behavior. We show that the adult zebrafish brain has the capacity to recover rapidly from detergent damage of the olfactory epithelium, with both glomerular distribution and odorant-mediated behavior returning in 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J White
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA.
| | - S K Kounelis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA.
| | - C A Byrd-Jacobs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA.
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Maximino C, Lima MG, Costa CC, Guedes IML, Herculano AM. Fluoxetine and WAY 100,635 dissociate increases in scototaxis and analgesia induced by conspecific alarm substance in zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton 1822). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:425-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Forlano PM, Kim SD, Krzyminska ZM, Sisneros JA. Catecholaminergic connectivity to the inner ear, central auditory, and vocal motor circuitry in the plainfin midshipman fish porichthys notatus. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2887-927. [PMID: 24715479 PMCID: PMC4107124 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although the neuroanatomical distribution of catecholaminergic (CA) neurons has been well documented across all vertebrate classes, few studies have examined CA connectivity to physiologically and anatomically identified neural circuitry that controls behavior. The goal of this study was to characterize CA distribution in the brain and inner ear of the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) with particular emphasis on their relationship with anatomically labeled circuitry that both produces and encodes social acoustic signals in this species. Neurobiotin labeling of the main auditory end organ, the saccule, combined with tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence (TH-ir) revealed a strong CA innervation of both the peripheral and central auditory system. Diencephalic TH-ir neurons in the periventricular posterior tuberculum, known to be dopaminergic, send ascending projections to the ventral telencephalon and prominent descending projections to vocal-acoustic integration sites, notably the hindbrain octavolateralis efferent nucleus, as well as onto the base of hair cells in the saccule via nerve VIII. Neurobiotin backfills of the vocal nerve in combination with TH-ir revealed CA terminals on all components of the vocal pattern generator, which appears to largely originate from local TH-ir neurons but may include input from diencephalic projections as well. This study provides strong neuroanatomical evidence that catecholamines are important modulators of both auditory and vocal circuitry and acoustic-driven social behavior in midshipman fish. This demonstration of TH-ir terminals in the main end organ of hearing in a nonmammalian vertebrate suggests a conserved and important anatomical and functional role for dopamine in normal audition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Forlano
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210
- Programs in Neuroscience, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, and Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210
- Aquatic Research and Environmental Assessment Center, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Spencer D. Kim
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210
| | - Zuzanna M. Krzyminska
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210
| | - Joseph A. Sisneros
- Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Seattle
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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Combinatorial analysis of calcium-binding proteins in larval and adult zebrafish primary olfactory system identifies differential olfactory bulb glomerular projection fields. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:1951-70. [PMID: 24728871 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the zebrafish (Danio rerio) olfactory epithelium, the calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) calretinin and S100/S100-like protein are mainly expressed in ciliated or crypt olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), respectively. In contrast parvalbumin and calbindin1 have not been investigated. We present a combinatorial immunohistological analysis of all four CBPs, including their expression in OSNs and their axonal projections to the olfactory bulb in larval and adult zebrafish. A major expression of calretinin and S100 in ciliated and crypt cells, respectively, with some expression of S100 in microvillous cells is confirmed. Parvalbumin and calbindin1 are strongly expressed in ciliated and microvillous cells, but not in crypt cells. Moreover, detailed combinatorial double-label experiments indicate that there are eight subpopulations of zebrafish OSNs: S100-positive crypt cells (negative for all other three CBPs), parvalbumin only, S100 and parvalbumin, parvalbumin and calbindin1, and parvalbumin and calbindin1 and calretinin-positive microvillous OSNs, as well as a major parvalbumin and calbindin1 and calretinin, and minor parvalbumin and calbindin1 and calretinin-only-positive ciliated OSN populations. CBP-positive projections to olfactory bulb are consistent with previous reports of ciliated OSNs projecting to dorsal and ventromedial glomerular fields and microvillous OSNs to ventrolateral glomerular fields. We newly describe parvalbumin-positive fibers to the mediodorsal field which is calretinin free, with its anterior part showing additionally calbindin1-positive fibers, but absence thereof in the posterior part, indicating an origin from microvillous OSNs in both parts. One singular glomerulus (mdG2) exhibits S100 and parvalbumin-positive fibers, apparently originating from all crypt cells plus some microvillous OSNs. Arguments for various olfactory labeled lines are discussed.
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Immunohistochemical characterization of the crypt neurons in the olfactory epithelium of adult zebrafish. Ann Anat 2014; 196:178-82. [PMID: 24675055 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The fish sensory epithelium contains three types of sensory cells denominated ciliated, microvillous, and crypt neurons. Each one differs from the other in its morphological, ultrastructural and molecular features, as well as in their projections to the central nervous system. Crypt neurons are present in both bony and cartilaginous fish and can be identified on the basis of their morphology and the expression of some specific proteins and genes. In this study we have investigated the morphology of crypt neurons, as well as the occurrence and co-localization of S100 protein, calretinin and TRPV4, three proposed markers for crypt cells, in the olfactory epithelium of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) using double immunofluorescence associated to laser confocal microscopy. A sparse population of superficial S100 protein positive cells was detected being identified as crypt neurons. The calretinin immunoreactive cells were more abundant, occasionally resembling the morphology of the crypt cells but never displaying co-localization of both proteins. The TRPV4 positive cells differed in morphology from crypt cells, thus excluding the occurrence of TRPV4 in those cells. These results demonstrate that only S100 protein immunoreactivity can be used to identify crypt cells. Because some calretinin positive cells showed localization and morphology similar to the crypt cells of the sensory epithelium, the occurrence of two subtypes of crypt cells, S100 protein and calretinin positive, cannot be excluded. The significance of these findings remains to be elucidated.
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Kappe neurons, a novel population of olfactory sensory neurons. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4037. [PMID: 24509431 PMCID: PMC3918911 DOI: 10.1038/srep04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception of olfactory stimuli is mediated by distinct populations of olfactory sensory neurons, each with a characteristic set of morphological as well as functional parameters. Beyond two large populations of ciliated and microvillous neurons, a third population, crypt neurons, has been identified in teleost and cartilaginous fishes. We report here a novel, fourth olfactory sensory neuron population in zebrafish, which we named kappe neurons for their characteristic shape. Kappe neurons are identified by their Go-like immunoreactivity, and show a distinct spatial distribution within the olfactory epithelium, similar to, but significantly different from that of crypt neurons. Furthermore, kappe neurons project to a single identified target glomerulus within the olfactory bulb, mdg5 of the mediodorsal cluster, whereas crypt neurons are known to project exclusively to the mdg2 glomerulus. Kappe neurons are negative for established markers of ciliated, microvillous and crypt neurons, but appear to have microvilli. Kappe neurons constitute the fourth type of olfactory sensory neurons reported in teleost fishes and their existence suggests that encoding of olfactory stimuli may require a higher complexity than hitherto assumed already in the peripheral olfactory system.
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Graña P, Folgueira M, Huesa G, Anadón R, Yáñez J. Immunohistochemical distribution of calretinin and calbindin (D-28k) in the brain of the cladistian Polypterus senegalus. J Comp Neurol 2014; 521:2454-85. [PMID: 23296683 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polypteriform fishes are believed to be basal to other living ray-finned bony fishes, and they may be useful for providing information of the neural organization that existed in the brain of the earliest ray-finned fishes. The calcium-binding proteins calretinin (CR) and calbindin-D28k (CB) have been widely used to characterize neuronal populations in vertebrate brains. Here, the distribution of the immunoreactivity against CR and CB was investigated in the olfactory organ and brain of Polypterus senegalus and compared to the distribution of these molecules in other ray-finned fishes. In general, CB-immunoreactive (ir) neurons were less abundant than CR-ir cells. CR immunohistochemistry revealed segregation of CR-ir olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory mucosa and their bulbar projections. Our results confirmed important differences between pallial regions in terms of CR immunoreactivity of cell populations and afferent fibers. In the habenula, these calcium-binding proteins revealed right-left asymmetry of habenular subpopulations and segregation of their interpeduncular projections. CR immunohistochemistry distinguished among some thalamic, pretectal, and posterior tubercle-derived populations. Abundant CR-ir populations were observed in the midbrain, including the tectum. CR immunoreactivity was also useful for characterizing a putative secondary gustatory/visceral nucleus in the isthmus, and for distinguishing territories in the primary viscerosensory column and octavolateral region. Comparison of the data obtained within a segmental neuromeric context indicates that some CB-ir and CR-ir populations in polypteriform fishes are shared with other ray-finned fishes, but other positive structures appear to have evolved following the separation between polypterids and other ray-finned fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Graña
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15008-A Coruña, Spain
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Ahuja G, Ivandic I, Saltürk M, Oka Y, Nadler W, Korsching SI. Zebrafish crypt neurons project to a single, identified mediodorsal glomerulus. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2063. [PMID: 23792970 PMCID: PMC3690392 DOI: 10.1038/srep02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Crypt neurons are a third type of olfactory receptor neurons with a highly unusual "one cell type--one receptor" mode of expression, the same receptor being expressed by the entire population of crypt neurons. Attempts to identify the target region(s) of crypt neurons have been inconclusive so far. We report that TrkA-like immunoreactivity specifically labeled somata, axons, and terminals of zebrafish crypt neurons and reveal a single glomerulus, mdg2 of the dorsomedial group, as target glomerulus of crypt neurons. Injection of a fluorescent tracing dye into the mdg2 glomerulus retrogradely labeled mostly crypt neurons, as assessed by quantitative morphometry, whereas no crypt neurons were found after injections in neighboring glomeruli. Our data provide strong evidence that crypt neurons converge onto a single glomerulus, and thus form a labeled line consisting of a single sensory cell type, a single olfactory receptor and a single target glomerulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Ahuja
- Institute of Genetics, University at Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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Gaudin A, Lardière-Butterfield J, Gascuel J. Ontogenesis of the extra-bulbar olfactory pathway in Xenopus laevis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1462-76. [PMID: 23904212 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although the development, anatomy, and physiology of the vertebrate olfactory system are fairly well understood, there is still no clear definition of the terminal nerve complex acknowledged by all. Among the most debated matters is whether or not the extrabulbar projections found in anamniotes should or should not be considered part of the terminal nerve complex. In this context, we investigated the early development of the extrabulbar pathway in Xenopus larvae from placodal differentiation to postmetamorphic stages. We showed that the extrabulbar fibers become visible around Stage 42 and are conserved throughout metamorphosis. We confirmed previous reports concerning their central projection patterns. In addition, we showed that these fibers originate from two types of cell bodies located in the olfactory epithelium at premetamorphic stages. Furthermore, in postmetamorphic animals, we showed that the extrabulbar axons originated from both aquatic and aerial cavities. Retrograde tracing experiment also revealed densifications evocating cell bodies along the extrabulbar axons, distributed at different positions along the olfactory nerve depending on the stages of development. These densifications were observed closer to the periphery early in development and always closer to the olfactory bulb up to the metamorphic climax. We discuss these results in light of the latest theories and more recent reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gaudin
- CNRS UMR 6265 Centre des sciences du goût et de l'alimentation, Dijon, France
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Experience-dependent versus experience-independent postembryonic development of distinct groups of zebrafish olfactory glomeruli. J Neurosci 2013; 33:6905-16. [PMID: 23595749 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5185-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory glomeruli are innervated with great precision by the axons of different olfactory sensory neuron types and act as functional units in odor information processing. Approximately 140 glomeruli are present in each olfactory bulb of adult zebrafish; these units consist of either highly stereotypic large glomeruli or smaller anatomically indistinguishable glomeruli. In the present study, we investigated developmental differences among these types of glomeruli. We observed that 10 large and individually identifiable glomeruli already developed before hatching, at 72 h after fertilization, in configurations that resembled their mature organization. However, the cross-sectional area of these glomeruli increased throughout larval development, and they eventually comprised the largest units in postlarval olfactory bulbs. In contrast, small and anatomically indistinguishable glomeruli formed only after hatching, apparently by segregating from five larger precursors that were identifiable during embryonic development. The differentiation of these small glomeruli proceeded with conspicuous variation in number and arrangement, both among larvae and between olfactory bulbs of the same individuals. To determine factors that might contribute to this variability, we investigated the effects of olfactory enrichment on the development of amino acid-responsive lateral glomeruli, which include both large and small units. Larvae reared in an amino acid-enriched environment had normal large lateral glomeruli, but the small lateral glomeruli were more numerous and displayed reduced cross-sectional areas compared with glomeruli in control animals. Our results suggest that large and small glomeruli mature via distinct developmental processes that may be differentially influenced by sensory experience.
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