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Jin C, Adachi N, Yoshimoto Y, Sasabuchi A, Kawashima N, Ota MS, Iseki S. Fibroblast growth factor signalling regulates the development of tooth root. J Anat 2024; 244:1067-1077. [PMID: 38258312 PMCID: PMC11095309 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling plays a crucial role in the morphogenesis of multiple tissues including teeth. While the role of the signal has been studied in tooth crown development, little is known about root development. Of several FGF ligands involved in hard tissue formation, we suggest that FGF18 regulates the development of murine tooth roots. We implanted FGF18-soaked heparin beads into the lower first molar tooth buds at postnatal day 6 (P6), followed by transplantation under the kidney capsule. After 3 weeks, FGF18 significantly facilitated root elongation and periodontal tissue formation compared to the control. In situ hybridisation showed that Fgf18 transcripts were initially localised in the dental pulp along Hertwig's epithelial root sheath at P6 and P10 and subsequently in the dental follicle cells at P14. Fgf receptors were expressed in various dental tissues during these stages. In vitro analysis using the dental pulp stem cells revealed that FGF18 inhibited cell proliferation and decreased expression levels of osteogenic markers, Runx2, Alpl and Sp7. Consistently, after 1 week of kidney capsule transplantation, FGF18 application did not induce the expression of Sp7 and Bsp, but upregulated Periostin in the apical region of dental mesenchyme in the grafted molar. These findings suggest that FGF18 facilitates molar root development by regulating the calcification of periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxue Jin
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Noritaka Adachi
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aino Sasabuchi
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato S Ota
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Physiology and Food Biological Science, Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Hirata R, Iwata T, Fujita T, Nagahara T, Matsuda S, Sasaki S, Taniguchi Y, Hamamoto Y, Ouhara K, Kudo Y, Kurihara H, Mizuno N. Periostin regulates integrin expression in gingival epithelial cells. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:170-178. [PMID: 38048847 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) function as a mechanical barrier against invasion by pathogenic organisms through epithelial cell-cell junction complexes, which are complex components of integrin. Integrins play an important role in the protective functions of HGECs. Human periodontal ligament (HPL) cells regulate periodontal homeostasis. However, periodontitis results in the loss of HPL cells. Therefore, as replenishment, HPL cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be transplanted. Herein, HPL cells and MSCs were used to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of HGECs, assuming periodontal tissue homeostasis. METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), HGECs, HPL cells, and MSCs were cultured, and the conditioned medium was collected. With or without silencing periostin mRNA, HGECs were cultured under normal conditions or in a conditioned medium. Integrin and periostin mRNA expression was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Integrin protein expression was analyzed using flow cytometry, and periostin protein expression was determined via western blotting. RESULTS The conditioned medium affected integrin expression in HGECs. Higher expression of periostin was observed in MSCs and HPL cells than in HGFs. The conditioned medium that contained periostin protein regulated integrin expression in HGECs. After silencing periostin in MSCs and HPL cells, periostin protein was not detected in the conditioned medium, and integrin expression in HGECs remained unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Integrins in HGECs are regulated by periostin secreted from HPL cells and MSCs. This result suggests that periostin maintains gingival cell adhesion and regulates bacterial invasion/infection. Therefore, the functional regulation of periostin-secreting cells is important in preventing periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika Hirata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nagahara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shinya Sasaki
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yuri Taniguchi
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yuta Hamamoto
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Bioscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Sakatoku S, Hayashi Y, Futenma T, Sugita Y, Ishizaka R, Nawa H, Iohara K. Periostin Is a Candidate Regulator of the Host Microenvironment in Regeneration of Pulp and Dentin Complex and Periodontal Ligament in Transplantation with Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:7685280. [PMID: 38435089 PMCID: PMC10907099 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7685280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The microenvironment is required for tissues to maintain their properties in vivo. This microenvironment encompasses the types and three-dimensional arrangement of cells forming the tissues, and their interactions with neighboring cells and extracellular matrices, as represented by the stem cell niche. Tissue regeneration depends not on the original tissue source of the transplanted cells, but on the microenvironment in which they are transplanted. We have previously reported pulp regeneration in a heterotopic root graft model by transplantation of conditioned medium alone, which suggests that host-derived cells expressing receptors for migration factors in conditioned medium migrate into the root canal and cause pulp regeneration. Regenerative medicine is needed to restore the original function of complex tissues. To achieve this, it is necessary to reproduce the changes in the microenvironment of the host tissue that accompany the regenerative response. Therefore, it is important to reproduce the microenvironment in vivo for further development of tissue regeneration therapy. Periostin is also found in the epithelial-mesenchymal junction, with expression sites that differ depending on the mineralized matrix stage, and is involved in regulation of calcification. Methods We investigate whether periostin contributes to microenvironmental changes in regenerated pulp tissue. Dental pulp stem cells were induced into dentin, and gene expression of DSPP, nestin, DMP1, Runx2, and periostin was analyzed by qPCR and protein expression by IHC. Similarly, gene expression was analyzed using qPCR and protein expression using IHC in regenerated dental pulp obtained by ectopic transplantation. Results Since these regenerated tissues were observable on the same slice, it was possible to understand changes in the microenvironment within the tissues. Conclusions Periostin promoted proliferation of pulp stem cells, migration in type I collagen, and calcification in regenerated pulp, which strongly suggests that periostin is a promising candidate as a factor that contributes to the microenvironment of regenerated pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintarou Sakatoku
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Futenma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishizaka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Morioka 7-430, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
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Nishino T, Ranade SS, Pelonero A, van Soldt BJ, Ye L, Alexanian M, Koback F, Huang Y, Sadagopan N, Lam A, Zholudeva LV, Li F, Padmanabhan A, Thomas R, van Bemmel JG, Gifford CA, Costa MW, Srivastava D. Single Cell Multimodal Analyses Reveal Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Basis for Birth Defects in Maternal Diabetes. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:1190-1203. [PMID: 39183978 PMCID: PMC11343316 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes mellitus is among the most frequent environmental contributors to congenital birth defects, including heart defects and craniofacial anomalies, yet the cell types affected and mechanisms of disruption are largely unknown. Using multi-modal single cell analyses, here we show that maternal diabetes affects the epigenomic landscape of specific subsets of cardiac and craniofacial progenitors during embryogenesis. A previously unrecognized cardiac progenitor subpopulation expressing the homeodomain-containing protein ALX3 showed prominent chromatin accessibility changes and acquired a more posterior identity. Similarly, a subpopulation of neural crest-derived cells in the second pharyngeal arch, which contributes to craniofacial structures, displayed abnormalities in the epigenetic landscape and axial patterning defects. Chromatin accessibility changes in both populations were associated with increased retinoic acid signaling, known to establish anterior-posterior identity. This work highlights how an environmental insult can have highly selective epigenomic consequences on discrete cell types leading to developmental patterning defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nishino
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev S. Ranade
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Pelonero
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin J. van Soldt
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lin Ye
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Alexanian
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frances Koback
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nandhini Sadagopan
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne Lam
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lyandysha V. Zholudeva
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feiya Li
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arun Padmanabhan
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Joke G. van Bemmel
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Casey A. Gifford
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mauro W. Costa
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
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5
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Abdolalian F, Bayani M, Afzali S, Nakhostin A, Almasi-Hashiani A. Periostin level in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:284. [PMID: 37173720 PMCID: PMC10182628 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periostin, a secreted adhesion molecule, is a matricellular protein secreted most in periodontal ligament and periosteum. Periostin is also needed for integrity and maturation of periodontal tissue. This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) periostin levels in subjects having periodontal disease and healthy periodontium. METHODS In this meta-analysis, three international database including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched and 207 studies retrieved. Also, the Google Scholar was searched to find more related studies (two studies were found). To assess the risk of bias of included studies, the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale adapted for case-control was used. Finally, required data was extracted and included into analysis. All statistical analysis were done using Stata software. RESULTS Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. Results showed that GCF periostin level is significant lower in chronic periodontitis group compare to healthy people (the standardized mean difference (SMD) = -3.15, 95% CI = -4.45, -1.85, p < 0.001). The syntheses of studies shown a significant decrease in the periostin level of chronic periodontitis patients compared to the gingivitis patients (SMD = -1.50, 95%CI = -2.52, -0.49, P = 0.003), while the mean level of periostin between the gingivitis patients and healthy group has no significant difference (SMD = -0.88, 95%CI = -2.14, 0.38, P = 0.173). CONCLUSION The mean concentration of GCF periostin in people with chronic periodontitis significantly decreased compared to people with gingivitis and also compared to healthy people, while no significant difference was observed between the two groups with gingivitis and healthy people. Therefore, this marker may be used as a diagnostic criterion for the disease, which requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abdolalian
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bayani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Saeid Afzali
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Afrooz Nakhostin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Amir Almasi-Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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Nagata M, Chu AKY, Ono N, Welch JD, Ono W. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Developmental Relationships and Specific Markers of Mouse Periodontium Cellular Subsets. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021; 2. [PMID: 34966906 PMCID: PMC8713353 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.679937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontium is essential for supporting the functionality of the tooth, composed of diversity of mineralized and non-mineralized tissues such as the cementum, the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone. The periodontium is developmentally derived from the dental follicle (DF), a fibrous tissue surrounding the developing tooth bud. We previously showed through in vivo lineage-tracing experiments that DF contains mesenchymal progenitor cells expressing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which give rise to cells forming the periodontal attachment apparatus in a manner regulated by autocrine signaling through the PTH/PTHrP receptor. However, the developmental relationships between PTHrP+ DF cells and diverse cell populations constituting the periodontium remain undefined. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses of cells in the periodontium by integrating the two datasets, i.e. PTHrP-mCherry+ DF cells at P6 and 2.3kb Col1a1 promoter-driven GFP+ periodontal cells at P25 that include descendants of PTHrP+ DF cells, cementoblasts, osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. This integrative scRNA-seq analysis revealed heterogeneity of cells of the periodontium and their cell type-specific markers, as well as their relationships with DF cells. Most importantly, our analysis identified a cementoblast-specific metagene that discriminate cementoblasts from alveolar bone osteoblasts, including Pthlh (encoding PTHrP) and Tubb3. RNA velocity analysis indicated that cementoblasts were directly derived from PTHrP+ DF cells in the early developmental stage and did not interconvert with other cell types. Further, CellPhoneDB cell-cell communication analysis indicated that PTHrP derived from cementoblasts acts on diversity of cells in the periodontium in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the lineage hierarchy and intercellular interactions of cells in the periodontium at a single-cell level, aiding to understand cellular and molecular basis of periodontal tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Nagata
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Angel Ka Yan Chu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joshua D Welch
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
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Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Periodontal Regeneration Using a Porous Collagen Scaffold. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010915. [PMID: 34681574 PMCID: PMC8535773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Aim: To immunohistochemically evaluate the effect of a volume-stable collagen scaffold (VCMX) on periodontal regeneration. (2) Methods: In eight beagle dogs, acute two-wall intrabony defects were treated with open flap debridement either with VCMX (test) or without (control). After 12 weeks, eight defects out of four animals were processed for paraffin histology and immunohistochemistry. (3) Results: All defects (four test + four control) revealed periodontal regeneration with cementum and bone formation. VCMX remnants were integrated in bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), and cementum. No differences in immunohistochemical labeling patterns were observed between test and control sites. New bone and cementum were labeled for bone sialoprotein, while the regenerated PDL was labeled for periostin and collagen type 1. Cytokeratin-positive epithelial cell rests of Malassez were detected in 50% of the defects. The regenerated PDL demonstrated a larger blood vessel area at the test (14.48% ± 3.52%) than at control sites (8.04% ± 1.85%, p = 0.0007). The number of blood vessels was higher in the regenerated PDL (test + control) compared to the pristine one (p = 0.012). The cell proliferative index was not statistically significantly different in pristine and regenerated PDL. (4) Conclusions: The data suggest a positive effect of VCMX on angiogenesis and an equally high cell turnover in the regenerated and pristine PDL. This VCMX supported periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects.
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8
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Nikoloudaki G. Functions of Matricellular Proteins in Dental Tissues and Their Emerging Roles in Orofacial Tissue Development, Maintenance, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126626. [PMID: 34205668 PMCID: PMC8235165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins (MCPs) are defined as extracellular matrix (ECM) associated proteins that are important regulators and integrators of microenvironmental signals, contributing to the dynamic nature of ECM signalling. There is a growing understanding of the role of matricellular proteins in cellular processes governing tissue development as well as in disease pathogenesis. In this review, the expression and functions of different MP family members (periostin, CCNs, TSPs, SIBLINGs and others) are presented, specifically in relation to craniofacial development and the maintenance of orofacial tissues, including bone, gingiva, oral mucosa, palate and the dental pulp. As will be discussed, each MP family member has been shown to have non-redundant roles in development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, pathology and tumorigenesis of orofacial and dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Nikoloudaki
- Schulich Dentistry Department, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; ; Tel.: +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 81102)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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9
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Arslan R, Karsiyaka Hendek M, Kisa U, Olgun E. The effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid periostin levels in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1478-1486. [PMID: 33012041 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) periostin levels in patients with gingivitis (G) and periodontitis (P). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 90 subjects, 30 patients with P, 30 with G, and 30 periodontally healthy (H) subjects were included. Patients with periodontal disease received non-surgical periodontal treatment. GCF periostin levels were assessed at baseline, at the 6th week, and the 3rd month after treatment. RESULTS It was found that GCF periostin level was the lowest in the H group (89.31[47.12] pg/30 sec), followed by the G group (132.82[145.14] pg/30 sec), and the highest in the P group (207.75[189.45] pg/30 sec). These differences were statistically significant between H and the other groups (p < .001). After treatment, GCF periostin levels significantly decreased at the 6th week and the 3rd month in the G group, at the 3rd month in the P group compared to baseline values (p < .05). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that GCF periostin plays a role as a reliable biological marker in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and non-surgical periodontal treatment is effective in decreasing GCF periostin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Arslan
- Oral and Dental Health Center, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Ucler Kisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ebru Olgun
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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10
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Khurshid Z, Mali M, Adanir N, Zafar MS, Khan RS, Latif M. Periostin: Immunomodulatory Effects on Oral Diseases. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:462-466. [PMID: 32688410 PMCID: PMC7440953 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin is a microcellular adapter protein. It plays a wide range of essential roles during the development and in immunomodulation. Periostin is a prominent contributor during the process of angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and cardiac repair. It is expressed in periodontal ligaments, tendons, skin, adipose tissues, muscle, and bone. This is a protein-based biomolecule that has the diagnostic and monitoring capability and can potentially be used as a biomarker to detect physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of the present review was to explore the periostin morphology and associated structural features. Additionally, periostin’s immunomodulatory effects and associated biomarkers in context of oral diseases have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Mali
- Department of Orthodontics, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Necdet Adanir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al-Munawarah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Sannam Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah Al-Munawarah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Nikoloudaki G, Creber K, Hamilton DW. Wound healing and fibrosis: a contrasting role for periostin in skin and the oral mucosa. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1065-C1077. [PMID: 32267719 PMCID: PMC7311745 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00035.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Both skin and oral mucosa are characterized by the presence of keratinized epithelium in direct apposition to an underlying collagen-dense connective tissue. Despite significant overlap in structure and physiological function, skin and the oral mucosa exhibit significantly different healing profiles in response to injury. The oral mucosa has a propensity for rapid restoration of barrier function with minimal underlying fibrosis, but in contrast, skin is associated with slower healing and scar formation. Modulators of cell function, matricellular proteins have been shown to play significant roles in cutaneous healing, but their role in restoration of the oral mucosa is poorly defined. As will be discussed in this review, over the last 12 years our research group has been actively investigating the role of the profibrotic matricellular protein periostin in tissue homeostasis and fibrosis, as well as healing, in both skin and gingiva. In the skin, periostin is highly expressed in fibrotic scars and is upregulated during cutaneous wound repair, where it facilitates myofibroblast differentiation. In contrast, in gingival healing, periostin regulates extracellular matrix synthesis but does not appear to be associated with the transition of mesenchymal cells to a contractile phenotype. The significance of these findings will be discussed, with a focus on periostin as a potential therapeutic to augment healing of soft tissues or suppress fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Nikoloudaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kendal Creber
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas W Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Oral Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Abstract
The morphogenesis of the mammalian secondary plate is a series of highly dynamic developmental process, including the palate shelves vertical outgrowth, elevation to the horizontal plane and complete fusion in the midline. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins not only form the basic infrastructure for palatal mesenchymal cells to adhere via integrins but also interact with cells to regulate their functions such as proliferation and differentiation. ECM remodeling is essential for palatal outgrowth, expansion, elevation, and fusion. Multiple signaling pathways important for palatogenesis such as FGF, TGF β, BMP, and SHH remodels ECM dynamics. Dysregulation of ECM such as HA synthesis or ECM breakdown enzymes MMPs or ADAMTS causes cleft palate in mouse models. A better understanding of ECM remodeling will contribute to revealing the pathogenesis of cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunman Li
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, China
| | - Zeyao Zhu
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University , Shenzhen, China
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Ou Sha
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, China
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Sophia K, Suresh S, Sudhakar U, Abdul Cader S, Vardhini VM, Arunachalam LT, Jean SC. Comparative Evaluation of Serum and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Periostin Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease: A Biochemical Study. Cureus 2020; 12:e7218. [PMID: 32274276 PMCID: PMC7141796 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periostin, a secreted adhesion molecule, is a matricellular protein secreted most in periodontal ligament and periosteum. This periostin is needed for integrity and maturation of periodontal tissue. The present study was conducted to estimate and compare the gingival crevicular fluid and serum periostin levels in subjects having chronic periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy periodontium. Methods Ninety patients belonging to both sexes were categorized into three groups, 30 patients each as healthy periodontium (Group I), chronic gingivitis (Group II) and generalised chronic periodontitis (Group III). The clinical parameters included assessment of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum samples were collected and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate periostin levels. Results Periostin levels in GCF were comparatively low in the chronic periodontitis than in the gingivitis and healthy periodontium groups and the difference was statistically significant. No statistical difference was found for serum periostin levels among Group I, Group II and Group III. On comparison of clinical parameters, significant difference was noticed among the three groups. GCF periostin levels were correlated inversely with the clinical parameters in chronic periodontitis patients. Conclusion GCF periostin levels were gradually reduced with the increase in severity of periodontal disease. This novel biomarker has role in maintaining normal periodontal tissue function and may be used as a potential marker in periodontal disease activity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khumukcham Sophia
- Periodontics, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, IND
| | - Snophia Suresh
- Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Uma Sudhakar
- Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Shaik Abdul Cader
- Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Varsha M Vardhini
- Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | | | - S Catherine Jean
- Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, IND
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Kaneda-Ikeda E, Iwata T, Mizuno N, Nagahara T, Kajiya M, Takeda K, Hirata R, Ishida S, Yoshioka M, Fujita T, Kawaguchi H, Kurihara H. Periodontal ligament cells regulate osteogenesis via miR-299-5p in mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2020; 112:47-57. [PMID: 31951879 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periodontal ligament contains periodontal ligament cells, which is a heterogeneous cell population, and includes progenitor cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts/cementoblasts. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various cells and can be used for periodontal regenerative therapy. Therefore, transplanted MSCs can be affected by humoral factors from periodontal ligament cells via the transcription factors or microRNAs (miRNAs) of MSCs. In addition, periostin (POSTN) is secreted from HPL cells and can regulate periodontal regeneration and homeostasis. To clarify the regulatory mechanism of humoral factors from periodontal ligament cells, we attempted to identify key genes, specifically microRNAs, involved in this process. METHODS Human MSCs (hMSCs) were indirectly co-cultured with human periodontal ligament cells (HPL cells) and then evaluated for osteogenesis, undifferentiated MSCs markers, and miRNA profiles. Furthermore, hMSCs were indirectly co-cultured with HPL cells in the presence of anti-POSTN monoclonal antibody (anti-POSTN Ab) to block the effect of POSTN from HPL cells, and then evaluated for osteogenesis or undifferentiated MSC markers. Moreover, hMSCs showed alterations in miRNA expression or cultured with HPL were challenged with POSTN during osteogenesis, and cells were evaluated for osteogenesis or undifferentiated MSC markers. RESULTS hMSCs co-cultured with HPL cells showed suppressed osteogenesis and characteristic expression of SOX11, an undifferentiated MSC marker, as well as miR-299-5p. Overexpression of miR-299-5p regulated osteogenesis and SOX11 expression as observed with indirect co-culture with HPL cells. Furthermore, MSCs co-cultured with HPL cells were recovered from the suppression of osteogenesis and SOX11 mRNA expression by anti-POSTN Ab. However, POSTN induced miR-299-5p and SOX11 expression, and enhanced osteogenesis. CONCLUSION Humoral factors from HPL cells suppressed osteogenesis in hMSCs. The suppressive effect was mediated by miR-299-5p and SOX11 in hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kaneda-Ikeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nagahara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Department of Biological Endodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Reika Hirata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shu Ishida
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Minami Yoshioka
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Department of Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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15
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Gumina S, Leopizzi M, Carnovale M, Porta N, Giannicola G, Villani C, Candela V. The attempt of spontaneous repair of rotator cuff tear: The role of periostin. J Orthop 2019; 16:400-404. [PMID: 31110403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a periostin-rich microenvironment in areas associated with insult, orchestrating pathways of repair and rebuilding, is documented. Literature lacks information regarding the presence of periostin in the context of rotator cuff tear (RCT). 55 consecutive patients with RCT were enrolled. Immunohistochemical periostin detection was performed on tissue samples excised from tear margins. Our study documented the presence of periostin in the margins of RCT. It is plausible that, when a tear occurs, multiple stimuli, both mechanical and inflammatory, lead to the development of a periostin-rich microenvironment as an attempt to tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gumina
- Dept. of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Istituto Clinico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), Latina, Italy
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Dept of Anatomy and Histology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Carnovale
- Dept. of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Natale Porta
- Dept of Anatomy and Histology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannicola
- Dept. of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Villani
- Dept. of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Candela
- Dept. of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Istituto Clinico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), Latina, Italy
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16
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Functions of Periostin in Dental Tissues and Its Role in Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1132:63-72. [PMID: 31037625 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6657-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The goal of periodontal regeneration therapy is to reliably restore teeth's supporting periodontal tissue, while aiding the formation of new connective tissue attached to the periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers and new alveolar bone. Periostin is a matricellular protein, primarily expressed in the periosteum and PDL of adult mice. Its biological functions have been extensively studied in the fields of cardiovascular physiology and oncology. Despite being initially identified in bone and dental tissue, the function of Periostin in PDL and the pathophysiology associated with alveolar bone are scarcely studied. Recently, several studies have suggested that Periostin may be an important regulator of periodontal tissue formation. By promoting collagen fibrillogenesis and the migration of fibroblasts and osteoblasts, Periostin might play a key role in the regeneration of PDL and alveolar bone after periodontal surgery. In this chapter, the implications of Periostin in periodontal tissue biology and its potential use in periodontal tissue regeneration are reviewed.
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17
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Abstract
Periostin is a secreted matricellular protein that primarily interacts with type I collagen and fibronectin extracellular matrix proteins, and is widely distributed in tissues rich in collagen-rich connective tissues, including the periodontal ligament. Its expression in these tissues is especially regulated by mechanical load. While the expression and regulation of periostin in the teeth of murine models and cell lines is well known, its presence in human teeth is poorly documented. Here we update and summarize the available data on the distribution of periostin in the human periodontal ligament, gingiva and dental pulp.
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18
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Duchamp de Lageneste O, Colnot C. Periostin in Bone Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1132:49-61. [PMID: 31037624 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6657-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is an efficient regenerative process depending on the recruitment and activation of skeletal stem cells that allow cartilage and bone formation leading to fracture consolidation. Periosteum, the tissue located at the outer surface of bone is now recognized as an essential player in the bone repair process and contains skeletal stem cells with high regenerative potential. The matrix composition of the periosteum defines its roles in bone growth, in cortical bone modeling and remodeling in response to mechanical strain, and in bone repair. Periostin is a key extracellular matrix component of the periosteum involved in periosteum functions. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge on the bone regeneration process, the role of the periosteum and skeletal stem cells, and Periostin functions in this context. The matricellular protein Periostin has several roles through all stages of bone repair: in the early days of repair during the initial activation of stem cells within periosteum, in the active phase of cartilage and bone deposition in the facture callus, and in the final phase of bone bridging and reconstitution of the stem cell pool within periosteum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Colnot
- INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
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19
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Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitor cells play important roles in the formation of skeletal tissues; however, how cell fates of mesenchymal progenitor cells are regulated remains largely unclear. We made use of the dental follicle surrounding the developing tooth bud, which critically regulates tooth eruption and tooth root formation. Dental follicle mesenchymal progenitor cells express parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), a locally acting autocrine/paracrine ligand, and become essential skeletal cell types establishing the root–bone interface. These PTHrP+ mesenchymal progenitors maintained their physiological cell fates through the PTH/PTHrP receptor, a deficiency of which resulted in failure of tooth eruption phenotypes closely resembling human genetic conditions. We conclude that proper cell fates of mesenchymal progenitor cells are maintained by autocrine signaling to achieve functional formation of skeletal tissues. Formation of functional skeletal tissues requires highly organized steps of mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation. The dental follicle (DF) surrounding the developing tooth harbors mesenchymal progenitor cells for various differentiated cells constituting the tooth root–bone interface and coordinates tooth eruption in a manner dependent on signaling by parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and the PTH/PTHrP receptor (PPR). However, the identity of mesenchymal progenitor cells in the DF and how they are regulated by PTHrP-PPR signaling remain unknown. Here, we show that the PTHrP-PPR autocrine signal maintains physiological cell fates of DF mesenchymal progenitor cells to establish the functional periodontal attachment apparatus and orchestrates tooth eruption. A single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed cellular heterogeneity of PTHrP+ cells, wherein PTHrP+ DF subpopulations abundantly express PPR. Cell lineage analysis using tamoxifen-inducible PTHrP-creER mice revealed that PTHrP+ DF cells differentiate into cementoblasts on the acellular cementum, periodontal ligament cells, and alveolar cryptal bone osteoblasts during tooth root formation. PPR deficiency induced a cell fate shift of PTHrP+ DF mesenchymal progenitor cells to nonphysiological cementoblast-like cells precociously forming the cellular cementum on the root surface associated with up-regulation of Mef2c and matrix proteins, resulting in loss of the proper periodontal attachment apparatus and primary failure of tooth eruption, closely resembling human genetic conditions caused by PPR mutations. These findings reveal a unique mechanism whereby proper cell fates of mesenchymal progenitor cells are tightly maintained by an autocrine system mediated by PTHrP-PPR signaling to achieve functional formation of skeletal tissues.
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Liu Q, Huang P, Guo SJ. [Progress relationship between periostin and periodontitis]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2018; 36:681-685. [PMID: 30593118 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periostin, a kind of matricellular protein highly expressed in periodontal ligament and periosteum, is an important regulator of the integrity of periodontal ligament and periodontitis processes. Periostin has been shown to play a positive role in the recovery of periodontitis. This paper reviews relevant literature about the role of periostin in periodontal tissue and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shu-Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Nakazeki F, Nishiga M, Horie T, Nishi H, Nakashima Y, Baba O, Kuwabara Y, Nishino T, Nakao T, Ide Y, Koyama S, Kimura M, Tsuji S, Sowa N, Yoshida S, Conway SJ, Yanagita M, Kimura T, Ono K. Loss of periostin ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8553. [PMID: 29867212 PMCID: PMC5986813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the accumulation of macrophages as a result of obesity-induced adipose tissue hypoxia is crucial for the regulation of tissue fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms underlying adipose tissue fibrosis are still unknown. In this study, we revealed that periostin (Postn) is produced at extraordinary levels by adipose tissue after feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD). Postn was secreted at least from macrophages in visceral adipose tissue during the development of obesity, possibly due to hypoxia. Postn-/- mice had lower levels of crown-like structure formation and fibrosis in adipose tissue and were protected from liver steatosis. These mice also showed amelioration in systemic insulin resistance compared with HFD-fed WT littermates. Mice deficient in Postn in their hematopoietic compartment also had lower levels of inflammation in adipose tissue, in parallel with a reduction in ectopic lipid accumulation compared with the controls. Our data indicated that the regulation of Postn in visceral fat could be beneficial for the maintenance of healthy adipose tissue in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Nakazeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitoo Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuya Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoya Sowa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Simon J Conway
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Wu Z, Dai W, Wang P, Zhang X, Tang Y, Liu L, Wang Q, Li M, Tang C. Periostin promotes migration, proliferation, and differentiation of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:108-119. [PMID: 28301220 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1306060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OVERVIEW Periostin (POSTN) is critical to bone and dental tissue morphogenesis, postnatal development, and maintenance; however, its roles in tissue repair and regeneration mediated by human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs) remain unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of POSTN on hPDLSCs in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS hPDLSCs were isolated and characterized by their expression of the cell surface markers CD44, CD90, CD105, CD34, and CD45. Next, 100 ng/mL recombinant human POSTN protein (rhPOSTN) was used to stimulate the hPDLSCs. Lentiviral POSTN shRNA was used to knockdown POSTN. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and scratch assay were used to analyze cell proliferation and migration, respectively. Osteogenic differentiation was investigated using an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin staining, and quantitative calcium analysis and related genes/protein expression assays. RESULTS Isolated hPDLSCs were positive for CD44, CD90, and CD105 and negative for CD34 and CD45. In addition, 100 ng/mL rhPOSTN significantly accelerated scratch closure, and POSTN-knockdown cells presented slower closure at 24 h and 48 h. Furthermore, the integrin inhibitor Cilengitide depressed the scratch closure that was enhanced by POSTN at 24 h. The CCK8 assay showed that 100 ng/mL rhPOSTN promoted hPDLSC proliferation. Moreover, 100 ng/mL rhPOSTN increased the expression of RUNX2, OSX, OPN, OCN, and VEGF and enhanced ALP activity and mineralization. POSTN silencing decreased the expression of RUNX2, OSX, OPN, OCN, and VEGF and inhibited ALP activity and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS POSTN accelerated the migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Wu
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Implantology , the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Wenyong Dai
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Implantology , the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Pei Wang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Implantology , the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Implantology , the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yi Tang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Implantology , the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Lin Liu
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Implantology , the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qiaona Wang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Implantology , the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ming Li
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Implantology , the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Chunbo Tang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Implantology , the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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23
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Periostin, dentin matrix protein 1 and P2rx7 ion channel in human teeth and periodontal ligament. Ann Anat 2018; 216:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Du J, Li M. Functions of Periostin in dental tissues and its role in periodontal tissues' regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4279-4286. [PMID: 28889194 PMCID: PMC11107504 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of periodontal regenerative therapy is to predictably restore the tooth's supporting periodontal tissues and form a new connective tissue attachment of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers and new alveolar bone. Periostin is a matricellular protein so named for its expression primarily in the periosteum and PDL of adult mice. Its biological functions have been widely studied in areas such as cardiovascular physiology and oncology. Despite being initially identified in the dental tissues and bone, investigations of Periostin functions in PDL and alveolar-bone-related physiopathology are less abundant. Recently, several studies have suggested that Periostin may be an important regulator of periodontal tissue formation. By promoting collagen fibrillogenesis and the migration of fibroblasts and osteoblasts, Periostin might play a pivotal part in regeneration of the PDL and alveolar bone following periodontal surgery. The aim of this article is to provide an extensive review of the implications of Periostin in periodontal tissue biology and its potential use in periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Poulsen ET, Runager K, Nielsen NS, Lukassen MV, Thomsen K, Snider P, Simmons O, Vorum H, Conway SJ, Enghild JJ. Proteomic profiling of TGFBI-null mouse corneas reveals only minor changes in matrix composition supportive of TGFBI knockdown as therapy against TGFBI-linked corneal dystrophies. FEBS J 2017; 285:101-114. [PMID: 29117645 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
TGFBIp is a constituent of the extracellular matrix in many human tissues including the cornea, where it is one of the most abundant proteins expressed. TGFBIp interacts with Type I, II, IV, VI, and XII collagens as well as several members of the integrin family, suggesting it plays an important role in maintaining structural integrity and possibly corneal transparency as well. Significantly, more than 60 point mutations within the TGFBI gene have been reported to result in aberrant TGFBIp folding and aggregation in the cornea, resulting in severe visual impairment and blindness. Several studies have focused on targeting TGFBIp in the cornea as a therapeutic approach to treat TGFBI-linked corneal dystrophies, but the effect of this approach on corneal homeostasis and matrix integrity remained unknown. In the current study, we evaluated the histological and proteomic profiles of corneas from TGFBI-deficient mice as well as potential redundant functions of the paralogous protein POSTN. The absence of TGFBIp in mouse corneas did not grossly affect the collagen scaffold, and POSTN is unable to compensate for loss of TGFBIp. Proteomic comparison of wild-type and TGFBI-/- mice revealed 11 proteins were differentially regulated, including Type VI and XII collagens. However, as these alterations did not manifest at the macroscopic and behavioral levels, these data support partial or complete TGFBI knockdown as a potential therapy against TGFBI-linked corneal dystrophies. Lastly, in situ hybridization verified TGFBI mRNA in the epithelial cells but not in other cell types, supportive of a therapy directed specifically at this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasper Runager
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Nadia Sukusu Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Marie V Lukassen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Karen Thomsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Paige Snider
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Olga Simmons
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Simon J Conway
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Denmark
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de Vries TJ, Andreotta S, Loos BG, Nicu EA. Genes Critical for Developing Periodontitis: Lessons from Mouse Models. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1395. [PMID: 29163477 PMCID: PMC5663718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the etiology of periodontitis in humans is not fully understood, genetic mouse models may pinpoint indispensable genes for optimal immunological protection of the periodontium against tissue destruction. This review describes the current knowledge of genes that are involved for a proper maintenance of a healthy periodontium in mice. Null mutations of genes required for leukocyte cell–cell recognition and extravasation (e.g., Icam-1, P-selectin, Beta2-integrin/Cd18), for pathogen recognition and killing (e.g., Tlr2, Tlr4, Lamp-2), immune modulatory molecules (e.g., Cxcr2, Ccr4, IL-10, Opg, IL1RA, Tnf-α receptor, IL-17 receptor, Socs3, Foxo1), and proteolytic enzymes (e.g., Mmp8, Plasmin) cause periodontitis, most likely due to an inefficient clearance of bacteria and bacterial products. Several mechanisms resulting in periodontitis can be recognized: (1) inefficient bacterial control by the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (defective migration, killing), (2) inadequate antigen presentation by dendritic cells, or (3) exaggerated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In all these cases, the local immune reaction is skewed toward a Th1/Th17 (and insufficient activation of the Th2/Treg) with subsequent osteoclast activation. Finally, genotypes are described that protect the mice from periodontitis: the SCID mouse, and mice lacking Tlr2/Tlr4, the Ccr1/Ccr5, the Tnf-α receptor p55, and Cathepsin K by attenuating the inflammatory reaction and the osteoclastogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Andreotta
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena A Nicu
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Opris Dent SRL, Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
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Ye D, Shen ZS, Qiu SJ, Li Q, Wang GL. Role and underlying mechanisms of the interstitial protein periostin in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5099-5106. [PMID: 29142596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the major characteristics of malignant tumors and are complex processes involving multiple genes. Gene regulation is a precise, large and complex biological control system, and its underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Mesenchymal-specific genes are expressed primarily by mesenchymal cells, and the expression products of these genes are molecules with various structures and functions, including secreted proteins and extracellular matrix proteins. The periostin gene has been newly identified as a mesenchymal-specific gene and an extracellular-matrix secreted protein. Periostin is able to bind to various subtypes of integrin receptors on the surface of the cell membrane. This triggers relevant signal transduction pathways to alter the microenvironment of cancer cells in order to facilitate their survival, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis as well as enhance the tolerance to hypoxia and chemicals. Therefore, periostin is associated with the grade of malignancy, level of invasion and prognosis of malignant tumors. The in-depth study of periostin may provide an effective marker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis, as well as a novel treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Sen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Shi Jie Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Guo Li Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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Tang Y, Liu L, Wang P, Chen D, Wu Z, Tang C. Periostin promotes migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells via the Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) pathway under inflammatory conditions. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28833827 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration is considered to be a promising method for periodontitis treatment. The molecular mechanism of functional regulation by MSCs remains unclear, thus limiting their application. Our previous study discovered that Periostin (POSTN) promoted the migration and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs), but it is still unclear whether POSTN is able to restore the regenerative potential of PDLSCs under inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of POSTN on PDLSCs under inflammatory conditions and its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDLSCs were isolated from periodontal ligament tissue. TNF-α was used at 10 ng/mL to mimic inflammatory conditions. Lentivirus POSTN shRNA was used to knock down POSTN. Recombinant human POSTN (rhPOSTN) was used to stimulate PDLSCs. A scratch assay was used to analyse cell migration. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining and expression of osteogenesis-related genes were used to investigate the osteogenic differentiation potential. Western blot analysis was used to detect the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and AKT signalling pathways. RESULTS After a 10 ng/mL TNF-α treatment, knockdown of POSTN impeded scratch closure, inhibited ALP activity and mineralization in vitro, and decreased expression of RUNX2, OSX, OPN and OCN in PDLSCs, while 75 ng/mL rhPOSTN significantly accelerated scratch closure, enhanced ALP activity and mineralization in vitro, and increased expression of RUNX2, OSX, OPN and OCN. In addition, knockdown of POSTN inhibited expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), while 75 ng/mL rhPOSTN increased expression of p-JNK in PDLSCs with TNF-α treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of JNK by its inhibitor SP600125 dramatically blocked POSTN-enhanced scratch closure, ALP activity and mineralization in PDLSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that POSTN might promote the migration and osteogenic differentiation potential of PDLSCs via the JNK pathway, providing insight into the mechanism underlying MSC biology under inflammatory conditions and identifying a potential target for improving periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donglei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziqiang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunbo Tang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Um JE, Park JT, Nam BY, Lee JP, Jung JH, Kim Y, Kim S, Park J, Wu M, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kang SW. Periostin-binding DNA aptamer treatment attenuates renal fibrosis under diabetic conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8490. [PMID: 28819200 PMCID: PMC5561139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, the major cause of chronic kidney disease, is associated with progressive renal fibrosis. Recently, accumulation of periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, was shown to augment renal fibrosis. Aptamers have higher binding affinities without developing the common side effects of antibodies. Thus, we evaluated the effect of periostin inhibition by an aptamer-based inhibitor on renal fibrosis under diabetic conditions. In vitro, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) treatment significantly upregulated periostin, fibronectin, and type I collagen mRNA and protein expressions in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. These increases were attenuated significantly in periostin-binding DNA aptamer (PA)-treated IMCD cells exposed to TGF-β1. In vivo, PA treatment attenuated the increased blood urea nitrogen levels in the diabetic mice significantly. Fibronectin and type I collagen mRNA and protein expressions increased significantly in the kidneys of diabetic mice: PA administration abrogated these increases significantly. Immunohistochemistry and Sirius Red staining also revealed that fibronectin expression was significantly higher and tubulointersititial fibrosis was significantly worse in diabetic mice kidneys compared with control mice. These changes were ameliorated by PA treatment. These findings suggested that inhibition of periostin using a DNA aptamer could be a potential therapeutic strategy against renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Um
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ha Jung
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Youndong Kim
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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Yan J, Liu HJ, Li H, Chen L, Bian YQ, Zhao B, Han HX, Han SZ, Han LR, Wang DW, Yang XF. Circulating periostin levels increase in association with bone density loss and healing progression during the early phase of hip fracture in Chinese older women. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2335-2341. [PMID: 28382553 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study shows that hip fracture women had higher serum periostin (sPostn) levels. The elevation of sPostn is associated with bone density loss, yet fracture itself may even increase sPostn levels during early healing phase. INTRODUCTION The study aims to quantify the associations of sPostn levels with bone density loss and the possible effect on the fracture healing. METHODS This study enrolled 261 older women with osteoporotic hip fracture and 106 age-matched women without fracture serving as controls. Clinical features, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover markers including sPostn level were measured after fracture within 2 days. Follow-up sPostn levels during 1 year after 2 days were available for 128 patients. RESULTS Initial levels of sPostn after fracture were significantly higher in patients than controls. sPostn was correlated with BMD of femoral neck (r = -0.529, P < 0.001), β-isomerized C-terminal crosslinking of type I collagen (β-CTX) (r = 0.403, P = 0.008), and N-terminal procollagen of type I collagen (PINP) (r = 0.236, P = 0.042) in the entire cohort. After multivariate analysis, sPostn remained as an independent risk factor for femoral neck BMD, which explained 19.1% of the variance in BMD. sPostn sampled within 7 days after fracture were acutely increasing from day 2 and then decreased and maintained at slightly high levels at 360 days. The percentage changes of sPostn positively correlated with the variation in β-CTX (r = 0.396, P = 0.002) and PINP (r = 0.180, P = 0.033) at day 7 after fracture. CONCLUSIONS High sPostn levels were an independent predictor of femoral neck BMD in older women presenting with an acute hip fracture. Increased sPostn levels during early healing phase may imply that Postn play a role in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - H J Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Y Q Bian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - B Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - H X Han
- Second Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Z Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - L R Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
| | - D W Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
| | - X F Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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Kim MW, Park JT, Kim JH, Koh SJ, Yoon HS, Cho S, Park HS. Periostin in Mature Stage Localized Scleroderma. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:268-275. [PMID: 28566901 PMCID: PMC5438931 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.3.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periostin is a novel matricellular protein expressed in many tissues, including bone, periodontal ligament, and skin. Although its expression is prominent in various fibrotic conditions, studies of periostin in localized scleroderma are rare. OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of periostin and other molecules in localized scleroderma. METHODS A retrospective study of 14 patients with confirmed mature stage localized scleroderma was undertaken. Fourteen age-matched and biopsy site-matched subjects with normal skin were included as controls. Collagen fiber deposition, periostin, procollagen, transforming growth factor-β, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression were assessed and compared between the two groups. Co-localization of α-smooth muscle actin and periostin was evaluated using confocal microscopy. RESULTS Periostin was predominantly expressed along the dermo-epidermal junction in the controls. Conversely, patients with localized scleroderma demonstrated increased collagen fiber deposition and periostin expression that was more widely distributed along the entire dermis. MMP-1 staining showed increased expression in the epidermis and dermis of patients compared to scanty expression in the controls. A semi-quantitative evaluation showed a higher proportion of excessive collagen bundle deposition (57.1% vs. 7.1%, p=0.013), diffuse periostin positivity (42.9% vs. 0%, p=0.016), and moderate MMP-1 positivity (71.4% vs. 7.1%, p=0.001) in patients than in the controls. CONCLUSION Compared to the controls, patients with localized scleroderma had enhanced periostin expression corresponding to increased collagen fiber deposition and unexpected overexpression of MMP-1. The results of this human in vivo study may implicate the pathogenesis of localized scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Woo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tae Park
- Department of Dermatology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Park
- Department of Dermatology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Salivary Periostin Levels in Non-Smoker Subjects With Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis : Periostin Levels in Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis. Inflammation 2017; 39:986-93. [PMID: 26931107 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein functioning as an important structural mediator and adhesion molecule, has been shown to be an important regulator of connective tissue integrity. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of periostin in chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) compared to non-periodontitis (NP). Individuals were submitted to gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva sampling. Periodontal examination consisted of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements. Assays for periostin were performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Periodontitis patients presented more severe clinical indices compared to the NP group (p < 0.001). The mean GCF level of periostin was lowest in the AgP group as compared to the other groups and was lower in the CP group as compared to the NP group (p < 0.001). Increased levels of periostin were observed in the saliva of patients with AgP as compared to the CP and NP groups (p < 0.05). There was a negative relationship between GCF periostin levels and clinical parameters (p < 0.01), whereas a positive correlation was observed between salivary periostin levels and full-mouth GI and CAL scores (p < 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first report investigating periostin levels in GCF and saliva in aggressive periodontitis. The results suggest that subjects with CP and AgP exhibit a different periostin profile. Periostin in GCF may have a protective role against periodontal disease. Furthermore, salivary periostin concentrations may have a promising diagnostic potential for the aggressive forms of periodontal disease.
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Orimoto A, Kurokawa M, Handa K, Ishikawa M, Nishida E, Aino M, Mitani A, Ogawa M, Tsuji T, Saito M. F-spondin negatively regulates dental follicle differentiation through the inhibition of TGF-β activity. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 79:7-13. [PMID: 28282516 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE F-spondin is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that belongs to the thrombospondin type I repeat superfamily and is a negative regulator of bone mass. We have previously shown that f-spondin is specifically expressed in the dental follicle (DF), which gives rise to the periodontal ligament (PDL) during the tooth root formation stage. To investigate the molecular mechanism of PDL formation, we investigated the function of f-spondin in DF differentiation. DESIGN The expression patterning of f-spondin in the developing tooth germ was compared with that of periodontal ligament-related genes, including runx2, type I collagen and periostin, by in situ hybridization analysis. To investigate the function of f-spondin during periodontal ligament formation, an f-spondin adenovirus was infected into the bell stage of the developing tooth germ, and the effect on dental differentiation was analyzed. RESULTS F-spondin was specifically expressed in the DF of the developing tooth germ; by contrast, type I collagen, runx2 and periostin were expressed in the DF and in the alveolar bone. F-spondin-overexpresssing tooth germ exhibited a reduction in gene expression of periostin and type I collagen in the DF. By contrast, the knockdown of f-spondin in primary DF cells increased the expression of these genes. Treatment with recombinant f-spondin protein functionally inhibited periostin expression induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). CONCLUSION Our data indicated that f-spondin inhibits the differentiation of DF cells into periodontal ligament cells by inhibiting TGF-β. These data suggested that f-spondin negatively regulates PDL differentiation which may play an important role in the immature phenotype of DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Orimoto
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Misaki Kurokawa
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan
| | - Keisuke Handa
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Eisaku Nishida
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Aino
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miho Ogawa
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Xu HY, Nie EM, Deng G, Lai LZ, Sun FY, Tian H, Fang FC, Zou YG, Wu BL, Ou-Yang J. Periostin is essential for periodontal ligament remodeling during orthodontic treatment. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1800-1806. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Fan Z, Shu S, Xu C, Xiao X, Wang G, Bai Y, Xia C, Wu L, Zhang H, Xu C, Yang W. Protein profiling of plasma proteins in dairy cows with subclinical hypocalcaemia. Ir Vet J 2017; 70:3. [PMID: 28116073 PMCID: PMC5242045 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-017-0082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical hypocalcaemia (SH) is an important metabolic disease in dairy cows that has a serious impact on production performance. The objective of this study was to investigate novel aspects of pathogenesis using proteomics technology to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in diseased and healthy animals. Dairy cows were divided into an SH group (T, n = 10) and a control group (C, n = 10) based on plasma calcium concentration. A total of 398 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which 265 proteins were overlapped in the two parallel experiments. Of these, 24 differentially expressed proteins were statistically significant. Gene Ontology analysis yielded 74 annotations, including 7 cellular component, 55 biological process and 12 molecular function categories. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that calcium regulation, immune and inflammatory response, blood coagulation and complement pathway were all related to SH. Our iTRAQ/LC-MS/MS (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) approach proved highly effective for plasma protein profiling of dairy cows with SH, and the results pave the way for further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Fan
- Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Shi Shu
- Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Chuchu Xu
- Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Xinhuan Xiao
- Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Cheng Xia
- Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Hongyou Zhang
- Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
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Koda N, Sato T, Shinohara M, Ichinose S, Ito Y, Nakamichi R, Kayama T, Kataoka K, Suzuki H, Moriyama K, Asahara H. The transcription factor mohawk homeobox regulates homeostasis of the periodontal ligament. Development 2017; 144:313-320. [PMID: 27993989 PMCID: PMC5394762 DOI: 10.1242/dev.135798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL), which connects the teeth to the alveolar bone, is essential for periodontal tissue homeostasis. Although the significance of the PDL is recognized, molecular mechanisms underlying PDL function are not well known. We report that mohawk homeobox (Mkx), a tendon-specific transcription factor, regulates PDL homeostasis by preventing its degeneration. Mkx is expressed in the mouse PDL at the age of 10 weeks and expression remained at similar levels at 12 months. In Mkx-/- mice, age-dependent expansion of the PDL at the maxillary first molar (M1) furcation area was observed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Mkx-/- mice presented collagen fibril degeneration in PDL with age, while the collagen fibril diameter gradually increased in Mkx+/+ mice. PDL cells lost their shape in Mkx-/- mice, suggesting changes in PDL properties. Microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses of Mkx-/- PDL revealed an increase in osteogenic gene expression and no change in PDL- and inflammatory-related gene expression. Additionally, COL1A1 and COL1A2 were upregulated in Mkx-overexpressing human PDL fibroblasts, whereas osteogenic genes were downregulated. Our results indicate that Mkx prevents PDL degeneration by regulating osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Koda
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kayama
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Suzuki
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MEM-161, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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37
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Ricciardelli C, Lokman NA, Ween MP, Oehler MK. WOMEN IN CANCER THEMATIC REVIEW: Ovarian cancer-peritoneal cell interactions promote extracellular matrix processing. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T155-T168. [PMID: 27578826 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a distinct tendency for metastasising via shedding of cancerous cells into the peritoneal cavity and implanting onto the peritoneum that lines the pelvic organs. Once ovarian cancer cells adhere to the peritoneal cells, they migrate through the peritoneal layer and invade the local organs. Alterations in the extracellular environment are critical for tumour initiation, progression and intra-peritoneal dissemination. To increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in ovarian cancer metastasis and to identify novel therapeutic targets, we recently studied the interaction of ovarian cancer and peritoneal cells using a proteomic approach. We identified several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including, fibronectin, TGFBI, periostin, annexin A2 and PAI-1 that were processed as a result of the ovarian cancer-peritoneal cell interaction. This review focuses on the functional role of these proteins in ovarian cancer metastasis. Our findings together with published literature support the notion that ECM processing via the plasminogen-plasmin pathway promotes the colonisation and attachment of ovarian cancer cells to the peritoneum and actively contributes to the early steps of ovarian cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAdelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - N A Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAdelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M P Ween
- Lung Research LaboratoryHanson Institute, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M K Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAdelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological OncologyRoyal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Panduwawala CP, Zhan X, Dissanayaka WL, Samaranayake LP, Jin L, Zhang C. In vivo periodontal tissue regeneration by periodontal ligament stem cells and endothelial cells in three-dimensional cell sheet constructs. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:408-418. [PMID: 27495271 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic periodontitis causes damage to tooth-supporting tissues, resulting in tooth loss in adults. Recently, cell-sheet-based approaches have been studied to overcome the limitations of conventional cytotherapeutic procedures for periodontal regeneration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the regenerative potential of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in three-dimensional (3D) cell sheet constructs for periodontal regeneration in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS PDLSCs, HUVECs or co-cultures of both cells were seeded onto temperature-responsive culture dishes, and intact cell sheets were fabricated. Cell sheets were wrapped around the prepared human roots in three different combinations and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. RESULTS Histological evaluation revealed that after 2, 4 and 8 wk of implantation, periodontal ligament-like tissue arrangements were observed around the implanted roots in experimental groups compared with controls. Vascular lumens were also observed in periodontal compartments of HUVEC-containing groups. Periodontal ligament regeneration, cementogenesis and osteogenesis were evident in the experimental groups at both weeks 4 and 8, as shown by immunostaining for periostin and bone sialoprotein. Human cells in the transplanted cell sheets were stained by immunohistochemistry for the presence of human mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS The 3D cell sheet-based approach may be potentially beneficial and is thus encouraged for future regenerative periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Panduwawala
- Comprehensive Dental Care (Endodontics), Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - X Zhan
- Periodontology, Fujian Medical University School of Stomatology, Fujian, China
| | - W L Dissanayaka
- Comprehensive Dental Care (Endodontics), Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China
| | - L P Samaranayake
- Oral Microbiomics and Infection, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - L Jin
- Periodontology and Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Zhang
- Comprehensive Dental Care (Endodontics), Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China
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Caswell-Smith R, Hosking A, Cripps T, Holweg C, Matthews J, Holliday M, Maillot C, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Braithwaite I, Beasley R. Reference ranges for serum periostin in a population without asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1303-14. [PMID: 27237923 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical utility of serum periostin as a type 2 biomarker in asthma is limited by lack of reference range values derived from a population without respiratory disease. OBJECTIVE To derive age- and sex-related reference intervals for serum periostin from an adult population without asthma or COPD. METHODS Serum periostin levels were measured in 480 individuals, comprising 60 female and 60 male adults in each of the 18- to 30-year, 31- to 45-year, 46- to 60-year and 61- to 75-year age groups. Key exclusion criteria included a doctor's diagnosis of asthma, chronic bronchitis or COPD, and a history of wheezing or use of respiratory inhalers in the last 12 months. The distribution of periostin and logarithm-transformed periostin levels was derived, and 90% confidence intervals for an individual prediction were calculated. RESULTS The distribution of serum periostin was right skewed with a mean (SD) periostin of 51.2 (11.9) ng/mL, median (IQR) 50.1 (43.1 to 56.9) ng/mL and range 28.1 to 136.4 ng/mL. There was no association between logarithm periostin and age or sex, although levels were low in current smokers. The 90% confidence limits for periostin were 35.0 and 71.1 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum periostin levels in adults without asthma or COPD are similar to those in adults with asthma. Serum periostin measurements do not need to be adjusted to take account of a patient's age or sex, although levels are lower in current smokers. Reference values for serum periostin levels in adults without asthma or COPD are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Caswell-Smith
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A Hosking
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T Cripps
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - C Holweg
- Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - M Holliday
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - C Maillot
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - J Fingleton
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - M Weatherall
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - I Braithwaite
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - R Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand. .,Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. .,Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand.
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40
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Walker JT, McLeod K, Kim S, Conway SJ, Hamilton DW. Periostin as a multifunctional modulator of the wound healing response. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:453-65. [PMID: 27234502 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During tissue healing, the dynamic and temporal alterations required for effective repair occur in the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Matricellular proteins (MPs) are a group of diverse non-structural ECM components that bind cell surface receptors mediating interactions between the cell and its microenviroment, effectively regulating adhesion, migration, proliferation, signaling, and cell phenotype. Periostin (Postn), a pro-fibrogenic secreted glycoprotein, is defined as an MP based on its expression pattern and regulatory roles during development and healing and in disease processes. Postn consists of a typical signal sequence, an EMI domain responsible for binding to fibronectin, four tandem fasciclin-like domains that are responsible for integrin binding, and a C-terminal region in which multiple splice variants originate. This review focuses specifically on the role of Postn in wound healing and remodeling, an area of intense research during the last 10 years, particularly as related to skin healing and myocardium post-infarction. Postn interacts with cells through various integrin pairs and is an essential downstream effector of transforming growth factor-β superfamily signaling. Across various tissues, Postn is associated with the pro-fibrogenic process: specifically, the transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, collagen fibrillogenesis, and ECM synthesis. Although the complexity of Postn as a modulator of cell behavior in tissue healing is only beginning to be elucidated, its expression is clearly a defining event in moving wound healing through the proliferative and remodeling phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Walker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Karrington McLeod
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Shawna Kim
- Division of Oral Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Simon J Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Douglas W Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1.
- Division of Oral Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1.
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Parathyroid hormone receptor signalling in osterix-expressing mesenchymal progenitors is essential for tooth root formation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11277. [PMID: 27068606 PMCID: PMC4832076 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental root formation is a dynamic process in which mesenchymal cells migrate toward the site of the future root, differentiate and secrete dentin and cementum. However, the identities of dental mesenchymal progenitors are largely unknown. Here we show that cells expressing osterix are mesenchymal progenitors contributing to all relevant cell types during morphogenesis. The majority of cells expressing parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) are in the dental follicle and on the root surface, and deletion of its receptor (PPR) in these progenitors leads to failure of eruption and significantly truncated roots lacking periodontal ligaments. The PPR-deficient progenitors exhibit accelerated cementoblast differentiation with upregulation of nuclear factor I/C (Nfic). Deletion of histone deacetylase-4 (HDAC4) partially recapitulates the PPR deletion root phenotype. These findings indicate that PPR signalling in dental mesenchymal progenitors is essential for tooth root formation, underscoring importance of the PTHrP-PPR system during root morphogenesis and tooth eruption.
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42
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Yun H, Kim JI, Lee CW. Expression and Preparation of Periostin FAS1 Domains for NMR Structure Determination. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MAGNETIC RESONANCE SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.6564/jkmrs.2016.20.1.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Matsuzawa M, Arai C, Nomura Y, Murata T, Yamakoshi Y, Oida S, Hanada N, Nakamura Y. Periostin of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts promotes migration of human mesenchymal stem cell through the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway. J Periodontal Res 2015; 50:855-63. [PMID: 25900259 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The periodontal ligament (PDL) is characterized by rapid turnover, high remodeling capacity and high inherent regenerative potential compared with other connective tissues. Periostin, which is highly expressed in the fibroblasts in the PDL, has been widely discussed in relation to collagen fibrillogenesis in the PDL. Recently, several reports have indicated periostin in cell migration. The aim of this study was to examine whether human PDL fibroblasts (hPDLFs) with high levels of periostin expression promote the migration of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS The migration of hMSCs was examined by transwell chamber migration assay under different conditions: medium alone, hPDLFs, human dermal fibroblasts, recombinant periostin, integrin αvβ3 blocking antibody (anti-CD51/61 antibody) and inhibitors of FAK (PF431396) and PI3K (LY294002). Phosphorylation of FAK and Akt in hMSCs under stimulation of periostin was examined by western blotting. RESULTS The migration assay revealed that the number of migrated hMSCs by hPDLFs was significantly larger than those by dermal fibroblasts, periostin small interfering RNA hPDLFs and medium alone. Furthermore, recombinant periostin also strongly induced hMSC migration. The addition of anti-CD51/61 antibody, PF431396 and LY294002 caused a significant reduction in the number of migrated hMSCs respectively. The anti-CD51/61 antibody inhibited both FAK and Akt phosphorylations under periostin stimulation. PF431396 inhibited both FAK and Akt phosphorylations. LY294002 inhibited only Akt phosphorylation, and FAK phosphorylation was not influenced under periostin stimulation. CONCLUSION Periostin expression in hPDLFs promotes the migration of hMSCs through the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsuzawa
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - C Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Nomura
- Department of Translation Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T Murata
- Department of Translation Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - S Oida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - N Hanada
- Department of Translation Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Heo SC, Shin WC, Lee MJ, Kim BR, Jang IH, Choi EJ, Lee JS, Kim JH. Periostin accelerates bone healing mediated by human mesenchymal stem cell-embedded hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate scaffold. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116698. [PMID: 25775460 PMCID: PMC4361583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, is expressed in bone, more specifically, the periosteum and periodontal ligaments, and plays a key role in formation and metabolism of bone tissues. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) have been reported to differentiate into osteoblasts and stimulate bone repair. However, the role of periostin in hASC-mediated bone healing has not been clarified. In the current study, we examined the effect of periostin on bone healing capacity of hASCs in a critical size calvarial defect model. METHODS AND RESULTS Recombinant periostin protein stimulated migration, adhesion, and proliferation of hASCs in vitro. Implantation of either hASCs or periostin resulted in slight, but not significant, stimulation of bone healing, whereas co-implantation of hASCs together with periostin further potentiated bone healing. In addition, the number of Ki67-positive proliferating cells was significantly increased in calvarial defects by co-implantation of both hASCs and periostin. Consistently, proliferation of administered hASCs was stimulated by co-implantation with periostin in vivo. In addition, co-delivery of hASCs with periostin resulted in markedly increased numbers of CD31-positive endothelial cells and α-SMA-positive arterioles in calvarial defects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that recombinant periostin potentiates hASC-mediated bone healing by stimulating proliferation of transplanted hASCs and angiogenesis in calvarial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Chul Heo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chul Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba Reun Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sub Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JHK); (JSL)
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 626-770, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JHK); (JSL)
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Liu GX, Xi HQ, Sun XY, Wei B. Role of periostin and its antagonist PNDA-3 in gastric cancer metastasis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2605-2613. [PMID: 25759527 PMCID: PMC4351209 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i9.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix component periostin is a secreted protein that functions as both a cell attachment protein and an autocrine or paracrine factor that signals through the cell adhesion molecule integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5. Periostin participates in normal physiological activities such as cardiac development, but is also involved in pathophysiological processes in vascular diseases, wound repair, bone formation, and tumor development. It is of increasing interest in tumor biology because it is frequently overexpressed in a variety of epithelial carcinomas and is functionally involved in multiple steps of metastasis progression. These include the maintenance of stemness, niche formation, EMT, the survival of tumor cells, and angiogenesis, all of which are indispensable for gastric cancer metastasis. Periostin has been reported to activate the PI-3K/AKT, Wnt, and FAK-mediated signaling pathways to promote metastasis. Therefore, periostin represents a potentially promising candidate for the inhibition of metastasis. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in knowledge concerning periostin, its antagonist PNDA-3, and their influence on such key processes in cancer metastasis as maintenance of stemness, niche formation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor cell survival, and angiogenesis. In particular, we focus our attention on the role of periostin in gastric cancer metastasis, speculate as to the usefulness of periostin as a therapeutic and diagnostic target for gastric cancer metastasis, and consider potential avenues for future research.
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46
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Osteogenic differentiation and gene expression profile of human dental follicle cells induced by human dental pulp cells. J Mol Histol 2014; 46:93-106. [PMID: 25520056 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) differentiate into cementoblasts or osteoblasts under appropriate triggering. However, the mechanism(s) for osteogenic differentiation of DFCs are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dental papilla-derived human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) on osteogenic differentiation of human DFCs (hDFCs) in vitro and in vivo and to compare gene expression in hDFCs in the presence or absence of hDPCs. To evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of hDFCs induced by hDPCs, hDFCs were cultured in osteogenic medium with or without hDPCs-conditioned medium (CM) in vitro and the cells transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of immunodeficient mice in vivo. The hDPCs-CM enhanced alkaline phosphatase promoter activity of hDFCs in osteogenic culture. The expression of several osteoblast marker genes was increased in hDFCs treated with hDPCs-CM compared to hDFCs in normal medium. The hDFCs induced by hDPCs-CM also produced more calcified nodules than hDFCs in normal medium. In transplantation experiments, hDPCs-CM promoted the osteogenic induction and bone formation of hDFCs. Microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR showed that osteogenesis-related genes including WNT2, VCAN, OSR2, FOSB, and POSTN in hDFCs were significantly upregulated after induction by hDPCs-CM compared to hDFCs in normal medium. These findings indicate that hDPCs could increase the expression of osteogenic genes in hDFCs and stimulate their osteogenesis and could be a cellular resource for bone regeneration therapy when induced by hDPCs-derived factors.
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Snider P, Simmons O, Wang J, Hoang CQ, Conway SJ. Ectopic Noggin in a Population of Nfatc1 Lineage Endocardial Progenitors Induces Embryonic Lethality. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2014; 1:214-236. [PMID: 26090377 PMCID: PMC4469290 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd1030214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial heart is composed of a myocardial tube lined by endocardial cells. The TGFβ superfamily is known to play an important role, as BMPs from the myocardium signal to the overlying endocardium to create an environment for EMT. Subsequently, BMP and TGFβ signaling pathways synergize to form primitive valves and regulate myocardial growth. In this study, we investigated the requirement of BMP activity by transgenic over-expression of extracellular BMP antagonist Noggin. Using Nfatc1Cre to drive lineage-restricted Noggin within the endocardium, we show that ectopic Noggin arrests cardiac development in E10.5-11 embryos, resulting in small hearts which beat poorly and die by E12.5. This is coupled with hypoplastic endocardial cushions, reduced trabeculation and fewer mature contractile fibrils in mutant hearts. Moreover, Nfatc1Cre-mediated diphtheria toxin fragment-A expression in the endocardium resulted in genetic ablation and a more severe phenotype with lethality at E11 and abnormal linear hearts. Molecular analysis demonstrated that endocardial Noggin resulted in a specific alteration of TGFβ/BMP-mediated signal transduction, in that, both Endoglin and ALK1 were downregulated in mutant endocardium. Combined, these results demonstrate the cell-autonomous requirement of the endocardial lineage and function of unaltered BMP levels in facilitating endothelium-cardiomyocyte cross-talk and promoting endocardial cushion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simon J. Conway
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +317-278-8781; Fax: +317-278-0138
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Rousseau JC, Sornay-Rendu E, Bertholon C, Chapurlat R, Garnero P. Serum periostin is associated with fracture risk in postmenopausal women: a 7-year prospective analysis of the OFELY study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:2533-9. [PMID: 24628551 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Periostin (POSTN) is a secreted γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein expressed mainly in the periosteum in adult individuals. POSNT deficient mice develop periodontis and osteoporosis with decreased bone strength. The relationship between serum POSTN and bone metabolism and fracture risk in postmenopausal women is unknown. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum POSTN was measured in 607 postmenopausal women (mean age 66.6 ± 8.4 y) from the Os des Femmes de Lyon cohort at the ninth annual follow-up visit (baseline visit of the current analysis). Nonvertebral and clinical vertebral incident fragility fractures were reported annually during 7 years. Areal bone mineral density (BMD; measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) of the hip and bone markers (intact N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen, osteocalcin, and serum type I collagen C-telopeptide) were also measured. RESULTS At baseline, serum POSTN did not correlate with age, bone markers, and BMD. After a median of 7 years of follow-up, 75 women sustained an incident clinical vertebral or nonvertebral fragility fracture. The proportion of women who had an incident fracture was significantly higher in women with levels of POSTN in the highest quartile than that of women in the three other quartiles (19.5% vs 10.1%, P = .018) after adjustment for age and prevalent fracture. The highest quartile of POSTN was associated with an increased risk of incident fracture with a relative risk (95% confidence interval) of 1.88 (1.1-3.2) after adjustment for age, prevalent fracture, and hip BMD T-score. Patients with both low hip BMD (T-score < -2.5) and high levels of POSTN (fourth quartile) had a relative risk of fracture of 7.1 (95% confidence interval 2.4-21.8) after adjustment for age. CONCLUSION High serum POSTN levels are independently associated with increased fracture risk in postmenopausal women. These data suggest that serum POSTN could be useful to improve fracture risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Rousseau
- INSERM Research Unit 1033 (J.C.R., E.S.-R., C.B., R.C., P.G.), Université de Lyon, and Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse (R.C.), Hôpital E.-Herriot, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France; and Cisbio Bioassays (P.G.), 30200 Codolet, France
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Zhou M, Kawashima N, Suzuk N, Yamamoto M, Ohnishi K, Katsube KI, Tanabe H, Kudo A, Saito M, Suda H. Periostin is a negative regulator of mineralization in the dental pulp tissue. Odontology 2014; 103:152-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-014-0152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Muni T, Mrksich M, George A. Self-assembled monolayer facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal interactions mimicking odontogenesis. Connect Tissue Res 2014; 55:26-33. [PMID: 24437602 PMCID: PMC7570439 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.867335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions are vital for embryonic organ development and normal function of differentiated cells and tissues. In this study we have developed a self-assembled monolayer-based co-culture system to study tooth morphogenesis. Specifically, we designed a 2-D microenvironment present in the dental tissue by creating a well-structured, laterally organized epithelial and mesenchymal cell co-culture system by patterning the cell-attachment substrate. Chemical modifications were used to develop tunable surface patterns to facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions mimicking the developing tooth. Such a design promoted interactions between monolayer's of the 2 cell types and provided signaling cues that resulted in cellular differentiation and mineralized matrix formation. Gene expression analysis showed that these co-cultures mimicked in-vivo conditions than monolayer cultures of a single cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Muni
- Brodie Tooth Development Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Anne George
- Brodie Tooth Development Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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