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Hildebrandt BA, Mikhail ME, Gearhardt AN, Culbert KM, Burt SA, Neale MC, Keel PK, Katzman DK, Klump KL. Self-reported food liking and wanting: A factor analytic study of ratings across 49 consecutive days. Appetite 2024; 201:107601. [PMID: 38986815 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Reward responses to food are thought to play an important role in highly palatable food overconsumption. In animal models, food reward responses can be decoupled into unique "liking" (in the moment enjoyment) and "wanting" (motivation/craving) components. However, research on liking and wanting has been hampered by uncertainty regarding whether liking and wanting can be reliably separated in humans. We used factor analysis to test whether ratings of liking and wanting could be empirically separated in women assessed across 49 consecutive days. Female participants (N = 688; ages 15-30) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry reported liking and wanting of foods consumed that day, and wanting of foods not consumed that day, separately for sweets (e.g., cookies), fast food (e.g., French fries), carbohydrates (e.g., bread), and whole foods (fruit, plain chicken) each evening for 49 consecutive days. We examined both average levels and daily levels of liking/wanting across the 49-day period that captured individual differences in liking/wanting over time. Across both types of analyses, liking and wanting for foods that were eaten formed a single factor rather than separate, dissociable factors, while wanting of foods not eaten formed an independent factor. At the daily level, a liking/wanting factor emerged for each individual food category (e.g., liking/wanting sweets), whereas in average analyses, a single factor emerged that collapsed across all food types (i.e., liking/wanting of all foods). Results suggest individuals have difficulty distinguishing between liking and wanting of foods they have eaten on that day but may be able to more reliably separate wanting of foods they have not consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britny A Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan E Mikhail
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Kristen M Culbert
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - S Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael C Neale
- Departments of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, and Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pamela K Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Debra K Katzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Kumar M, Gusain C, Bhatt B, Lal R, Bishnoi M. Sex-specific effects of sucrose withdrawal on anxiety-like behavior and neuroimmune response. Neuropharmacology 2024; 249:109868. [PMID: 38403263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Sugar bingeing induces maladaptive neuroadaptations to decrease dietary control and promote withdrawal symptoms. This study investigated sex differences in sucrose bingeing, sucrose withdrawal-induced negative mood effects and underlying neuroimmune response in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of C57BL/6J male and female mice. Two-bottle sucrose choice paradigm was used to develop sucrose dependence in mice. Female mice consumed more sucrose than male mice when given free access to water and 10% sucrose for four weeks. A significant increase in the mRNA expression of neuroinflammatory markers (Il1β, Tnfα) was found in the PFC of males exposed to sucrose withdrawal. Sucrose bingeing and subsequent sucrose withdrawal showed elevated protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in the PFC (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IFN-γ, IL-10, CCL5, VEGF) and NAc (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, VEGF) of male mice as compared to their water controls. These effects were concurrent with reduced mRNA expression of neuronal activation marker (cFos) in the PFC of sucrose withdrawal males. One week of sucrose withdrawal after prolonged sucrose consumption showed anxiety-like behavior in male mice, not in females. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that repeated access to sucrose induces anxiety-like behavior when the sugar is no longer available in the diet and these effects are male-specific. Elevated neuroinflammation in reward neurocircuitry may underlie these sex-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), Punjab, India.
| | - Chitralekha Gusain
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), Punjab, India
| | - Babita Bhatt
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), Punjab, India
| | - Roshan Lal
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), Punjab, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), Punjab, India
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Rodríguez-Rangel DS, Estrada-Camarena E, López-Rubalcava C. Stress hyper-reactivity increases vulnerability to developing binge-type eating and associated anxiety-like behavior; comparison between Wistar-Kyoto and Sprague-Dawley rats. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1368111. [PMID: 38638297 PMCID: PMC11024955 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1368111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Binge eating disorder (BED) is a widespread eating disorder that primarily affects women worldwide, and it is characterized by the presence of binge eating episodes and the absence of any compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain. BED presents elevated comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, and it has been suggested that stress sensibility could be a vulnerability factor for the development of BED and the associated anxiety comorbidity. In this study, we aim to investigate whether the Wistar-Kyoto rat strain (WKY), which has a stress hyper-reactive phenotype, could develop both binge-type eating and anxiety-like behaviors simultaneously. We also aim to compare its vulnerability to developing both behaviors with the Sprague Dawley rat strain (SD), a rat strain commonly used in binge-eating models. Methods WKY and SD rats were subjected to the model of intermittent access to palatable food (sucrose solution 30% or shortening) without calorie restriction or stress exposure. We evaluated and compared the development of binge-type eating behavior, anxiety-like behavior, and serum corticosterone variation as an index of the stress response in both rat strains. Results WKY rats presented a higher percentage of binge-type eaters and required less time to develop binge-type eating behavior than SD rats. The WKY eating pattern emulated a binge-eating episode regardless of the palatable food. Although the development of sucrose binge-type eating was similar between strains, WKY developed more easily the shortening binge-type eating than SD and was more susceptible to developing anxiety-like behavior. Additionally, sucrose binge eating seems to differentially affect both strains' hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress since it facilitated its response in SD and blunted it in WKY. Discussion Our results show that high-stress sensitive phenotype is a common vulnerability factor for the development of binge-type eating and anxiety-like behavior. Regardless of the macronutrient composition of the palatable food, WKY is susceptible to developing a binge-type eating behavior and is more susceptible than SD to developing anxiety-like behavior simultaneously. In conclusion, results showed that a hyper-reactive stress phenotype predisposes the development of binge-type eating behavior and anxiety-like behavior in the absence of calorie restriction and stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina López-Rubalcava
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-Sede Sur), Mexico City, Mexico
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Oak S, Nguyen C, Rodney-Hernández P, Rincón-Cortés M. Behavioral responses to natural rewards in developing male and female rats. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22448. [PMID: 38131245 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Reward deficits are a hallmark feature of multiple psychiatric disorders and often recapitulated in rodent models useful for the study of psychiatric disorders, including those employing early life stress. Moreover, rodent studies have shown sex differences during adulthood in response to natural and drug rewards under normative conditions and in stress-based rodent models. Yet, little is known about the development of reward-related responses under normative conditions, including how these may differ in rats of both sexes during early development. Comparing reward-related behavioral responses between developing male and female rats may be useful for understanding how these processes may be affected in rodent models relevant to psychiatric disorders. To this end, we tested behavioral responses to natural rewards in male and female rats using sucrose consumption, sweet palatable food intake and social play tests at two timepoints (peripuberty, adolescence). Our results suggest comparable responses to consummatory and social rewards in male and female rats during peripuberty and adolescence as no sex differences were found for sucrose preference, chocolate candy intake or a subset of play behaviors (dorsal contacts, pins). These findings suggest that sex differences in response to these natural rewards emerge and may be more robust during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Oak
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | | | - Millie Rincón-Cortés
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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G Anversa R, Campbell EJ, Walker LC, S Ch'ng S, Muthmainah M, S Kremer F, M Guimarães A, O'Shea MJ, He S, Dayas CV, Andrews ZB, Lawrence AJ, Brown RM. A paraventricular thalamus to insular cortex glutamatergic projection gates "emotional" stress-induced binge eating in females. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1931-1940. [PMID: 37474763 PMCID: PMC10584903 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that stress and negative affect trigger eating disorder symptoms and that the brains of men and women respond to stress in different ways. Indeed, women suffer disproportionately from emotional or stress-related eating, as well as associated eating disorders such as binge eating disorder. Nevertheless, our understanding of the precise neural circuits driving this maladaptive eating behavior, particularly in women, remains limited. We recently established a clinically relevant model of 'emotional' stress-induced binge eating whereby only female mice display binge eating in response to an acute "emotional" stressor. Here, we combined neuroanatomic, transgenic, immunohistochemical and pathway-specific chemogenetic approaches to investigate whole brain functional architecture associated with stress-induced binge eating in females, focusing on the role of Vglut2 projections from the paraventricular thalamus (PVTVglut2+) to the medial insular cortex in this behavior. Whole brain activation mapping and hierarchical clustering of Euclidean distances revealed distinct patterns of coactivation unique to stress-induced binge eating. At a pathway-specific level, PVTVglut2+ cells projecting to the medial insular cortex were specifically activated in response to stress-induced binge eating. Subsequent chemogenetic inhibition of this pathway suppressed stress-induced binge eating. We have identified a distinct PVTVglut2+ to insular cortex projection as a key driver of "emotional" stress-induced binge eating in female mice, highlighting a novel circuit underpinning this sex-specific behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta G Anversa
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erin J Campbell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Biochemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Leigh C Walker
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah S Ch'ng
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muthmainah Muthmainah
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Frederico S Kremer
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Amanda M Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mia J O'Shea
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Suheng He
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christopher V Dayas
- School of Biochemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
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Heberden C, Maximin E, Rabot S, Naudon L. Male mice engaging differently in emotional eating present distinct plasmatic and neurological profiles. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1034-1044. [PMID: 36154930 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Stressed individuals tend to turn to calorie-rich food, also known as 'comfort food' for the temporary relief it provides. The emotional eating drive is highly variable among subjects. Using a rodent model, we explored the plasmatic and neurobiological differences between 'high and low emotional eaters' (HEE and LEE).Methods: 40 male mice were exposed for 5 weeks to a protocol of unpredictable chronic mild stress. Every 3 or 4 days, they were submitted to a 1-h restraint stress, immediately followed by a 3-h period during which a choice between chow and chocolate sweet cereals was proposed. The dietary intake was measured by weighing. Plasmatic and neurobiological characteristics were compared in mice displaying high vs low intakes.Results: Out of 40 mice, 8 were considered as HEE because of their high post-stress eating score, and 8 as LEE because of their consistent low intake. LEE displayed higher plasma corticosterone and lower levels of NPY than HEE, but acylated and total ghrelin were similar in both groups. In the brain, the abundance of NPY neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus was similar in both groups, but was higher in the ventral hippocampus and the basal lateral amygdala of LEE. The lateral hypothalamus LEE had also more orexin (OX) positive neurons. Both NPY and OX are orexigenic peptides and mood regulators.Discussion: Emotional eating difference was reflected in plasma and brain structures implicated in emotion and eating regulation. These results concur with the psychological side of food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Heberden
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elise Maximin
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurent Naudon
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
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7
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Maccioni P, Mugnaini C, Carai MAM, Gessa GL, Corelli F, Colombo G. Anorectic effect of COR659 in a rat model of overeating. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:437-442. [PMID: 37712580 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
COR659 is a new compound, the action of which is exerted via a dual mechanism: positive allosteric modulation of the GABAB receptor; antagonism or inverse agonism at the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Recent lines of experimental evidence have indicated that COR659 potently and effectively reduced operant self-administration of and reinstatement of seeking behaviour for a chocolate-flavoured beverage. The present study was designed to assess whether the ability of COR659 to diminish these addictive-like, food-motivated behaviours extended to a rat model of overeating palatable food. To this end, rats were habituated to feed on a standard rat chow for 3 h/day; every 4 days, the 3-hour chow-feeding session was followed by a 1-hour feeding session with highly palatable, calorie-rich Danish butter cookies. Even though satiated, rats overconsumed cookies. COR659 (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered before the start of the cookie-feeding session. Treatment with all 3 doses of COR659 produced a substantial decrease in intake of cookies and calories from cookies. These results extend the anorectic profile of COR659 to overconsumption of a highly palatable food and intake of large amounts of unnecessary calories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maccioni
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, Monserrato (CA)
| | - Claudia Mugnaini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena (SI)
| | | | - Gian Luigi Gessa
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, Monserrato (CA)
| | - Federico Corelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena (SI)
| | - Giancarlo Colombo
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, Monserrato (CA)
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Hildebrandt BA, Lee JR, Culbert KM, Sisk CL, Johnson AW, Klump KL. The organizational role of ovarian hormones during puberty on risk for binge-like eating in rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 265:114177. [PMID: 36967031 PMCID: PMC10121844 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is a high-risk period for the development of dysregulated eating, including binge eating. While risk for binge eating in animals and humans increases in both males and females during puberty, the increased prevalence is significantly greater in females. Emerging data suggest that the organizational effects of gonadal hormones may contribute to the female preponderance of binge eating. In this narrative review, we discuss studies conducted in animals that have examined these organizational effects as well as the neural systems that may serve as intermediary mechanisms. Relatively few studies have been conducted, but data thus far suggest that pubertal estrogens may organize risk for binge eating, potentially by altering key circuits in brain reward pathways. These promising results highlight the need for future studies to directly test organizational effects of pubertal hormones using hormone replacement techniques and circuit-level manipulations that can identify pathways contributing to binge eating across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britny A Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenna R Lee
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kristen M Culbert
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexander W Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Brown RM, James MH. Binge eating, overeating and food addiction: Approaches for examining food overconsumption in laboratory rodents. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 123:110717. [PMID: 36623582 PMCID: PMC10162020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Overeating ranges in severity from casual overindulgence to an overwhelming drive to consume certain foods. At its most extreme, overeating can manifest as clinical diagnoses such as binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa, yet subclinical forms of overeating such as emotional eating or uncontrolled eating can still have a profoundly negative impact on health and wellbeing. Although rodent models cannot possibly capture the full spectrum of disordered overeating, studies in laboratory rodents have substantially progressed our understanding of the neurobiology of overconsumption. These experimental approaches range from simple food-exposure protocols that promote binge-like eating and the development of obesity, to more complex operant procedures designed to examine distinct 'addiction-like' endophenotypes for food. This review provides an overview of these experimental approaches, with the view to providing a comprehensive resource for preclinical investigators seeking to utilize behavioural models for studying the neural systems involved in food overconsumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Morgan H James
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ, USA; Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, NJ, USA.
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Saccaro LF, Rutigliano G, Landi P, Spera M, Kraslavski A, Zappa MA, Mencacci C. Emotional Regulation Underlies Gender Differences in Pathological Eating Behavior Styles of Bariatric Surgery Candidates. WOMEN 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/women3020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost a third of bariatric surgery patients present suboptimal weight loss or important weight regain in the first five postoperative years. While the reasons underlying this are not fully understood, it is known that pathological eating styles (such as emotional or binge eating) can thwart efforts to maintain weight loss. However, detailed characterization and understanding of these eating styles have yet to be achieved. In particular, research on gender differences in pathological eating styles and psychiatric symptoms before bariatric surgery is lacking. To characterize gender differences in eating styles and their association with clinical symptoms, we prospectively enrolled 110 bariatric surgery candidates, collecting eating styles and clinical scores. Women displayed a higher frequency of emotional eating as compared to men (x2 = 9.07, p = 0.003), while men showed a higher frequency of quantitative eating behavioral style (x2 = 4.58, p = 0.044). Binge eating style was associated with higher Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) scores (p < 0.05). Emotional eating style was associated with higher HAM-D and HAM-A scores (p < 0.05). The present findings highlight the importance of understanding the role of gender differences in emotion regulation processes involved in the development and maintenance of pathological eating styles in bariatric surgery candidates. This paves the way to gender- and symptoms-specific interventions on eating behaviors to improve surgery long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi F. Saccaro
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Grazia Rutigliano
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, MRI Steiner Unit, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Landi
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Spera
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexandra Kraslavski
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Antonio Zappa
- UOC di Chirurgia Generale, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Piazza Principessa Clotilde 3, 20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Mencacci
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Hildebrandt BA, Fisher H, LaPalombara Z, Young ME, Ahmari SE. Corticostriatal dynamics underlying components of binge-like consumption of palatable food in mice. Appetite 2023; 183:106462. [PMID: 36682623 PMCID: PMC9974784 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating (BE) is a maladaptive repetitive feeding behavior present across nearly all eating disorder diagnoses. Despite the substantial negative impact of BE on psychological and physiological health, its underlying neural mechanisms are largely unknown. Other repetitive behavior disorders (e.g., obsessive compulsive disorder) show dysfunction within corticostriatal circuitry. However, to date, no work has investigated the in vivo neural dynamics underlying corticostriatal activity during BE episodes. The aim of the current study was to longitudinally examine in vivo neural activity within corticostriatal regions - the infralimbic cortex (IL) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS)- in a robust pre-clinical model for BE. Female C57BL6/J mice (N = 32) were randomized to receive: 1) intermittent (daily, 2-h) binge-like access to palatable food (sweetened condensed milk) (BE), or 2) continuous, non-intermittent (24-h) access to palatable food (control). In vivo calcium imaging was performed via fiber photometry at baseline and after chronic (4 weeks) engagement in the model for BE. Specific consummatory behaviors (feeding bout onset/offset) during recordings were captured using lickometers which generated TTL outputs for precise alignment of behavior to neural data. IL showed no specific changes in neural activity related to BE. However, BE animals showed decreased DLS activity at feeding onset and offset at the chronic timepoint when compared to activity at the baseline timepoint. Additionally, BE mice had significantly lower DLS activity at feeding onset and offset at the chronic timepoint compared to control mice. These results point to a role for DLS hypofunction in chronic BE, highlighting a potential target for future treatment intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britny A Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Hayley Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zoe LaPalombara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Michael E Young
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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12
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Sex-dependent role of orexin deficiency in feeding behavior and affective state of mice following intermittent access to a Western diet - Implications for binge-like eating behavior. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114069. [PMID: 36572152 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder is a debilitating disease characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption and associated with psychiatric comorbidities. Despite a growing body of research investigating the neurobiological underpinnings of eating disorders, specific treatments are lacking. Given its fundamental role in feeding behaviors, we investigated the role of the orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptide system in binge-like eating and associated phenotypes. Specifically, we submitted female and male orexin-deficient mice to a paradigm of intermittent access (once weekly for 24 h) to a Western diet (WD) to induce binge-like eating. Additionally, we measured their anxiety-like behavior and plasma corticosterone levels. All mice showed binge-like eating in response to the intermittent WD access, but females did so to a greater extent than males. While orexin deficiency did not affect binge-like eating in this paradigm, we found that female orexin-deficient mice generally weighed more, and they expressed increased hypophagia and stress levels compared to wild-type mice following binge-like eating episodes. These detrimental effects of orexin deficiency were marginal or absent in males. Moreover, male wild-type mice expressed post-binge anxiety, but orexin-deficient mice did not. In conclusion, these results extend our knowledge of orexin's role in dysregulated eating and associated negative affective states, and contribute to the growing body of evidence indicating a sexual dimorphism of the orexin system. Considering that many human disorders, and especially eating disorders, have a strong sex bias, our findings further emphasize the importance of testing both female and male subjects.
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Dos Santos Barbosa LA, Dutra RC, Moreira ELG, de Carvalho CR. β-caryophyllene, a cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, decreases the motivational salience and conditioning place preference for palatable food in female mice. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13249. [PMID: 36577722 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a cannabinoid receptor CB2 agonist plant-derived terpenoid found in different essential oil plants, including rosemary, black pepper, copaiba and cannabis. It has GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status and is approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for food use. BCP displays agonist activity on the CB2 receptor and is a potential therapeutic target in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and drug addiction. Unlike CB1 receptors, activation of the CB2 receptors is devoid of psychotomimetic and addictive properties. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of BCP on incentive salience ("wanting") performance and motivational properties elicited by sweetened palatable foods in female Swiss mice. After 9 days of training for incentive salience performance for a sweet reward (hazelnut cream with chocolate), food-restricted mice received a systemic injection of BCP (50 and 100 mg/kg) before testing over 3 days. Moreover, independent groups of female mice were tested on sweet reward-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) for 22 consecutive days. To evaluate BCP effects on the expression of seeking behaviour for sweetened food, mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of BCP (50 mg/kg) 30 min before testing on the CPP task. BCP significantly decreased the incentive performance for a sweet reward compared with the control group in a CB2 receptor-dependent manner. Also, BCP suppressed the expression of sweet reward-CPP. Altogether, these preclinical data demonstrate the potential role of BCP in treating disorders associated with food addiction-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Cypriano Dutra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Laboratório de Autoimunidade e Imunofarmacologia (LAIF), Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Ribeiro de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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14
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Schuller J, Koch M. Investigating a role of orexin and ‘cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript’ in the nucleus accumbens shell in binge eating of male rats and the relationship with impulsivity. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:114000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Sena KD, Beierle JA, Richardson KT, Kantak KM, Bryant CD. Assessment of Binge-Like Eating of Unsweetened vs. Sweetened Chow Pellets in BALB/c Substrains. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:944890. [PMID: 35910681 PMCID: PMC9337213 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.944890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is defined as chronic episodes of consuming large amounts of food in less than 2 h. Binge eating disorder poses a serious public health problem, as it increases the risk of obesity, type II diabetes, and heart disease. Binge eating is a highly heritable trait; however, its genetic basis remains largely unexplored. We employed a mouse model for binge eating that focused on identifying heritable differences between inbred substrains in acute and escalated intake of sucrose-sweetened palatable food vs. unsweetened chow pellets in a limited, intermittent access paradigm. In the present study, we examined two genetically similar substrains of BALB/c mice for escalation in food consumption, incubation of craving after a no-food training period, and compulsive-like food consumption in an aversive context. BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice showed comparable levels of acute and escalated consumption of palatable food across training trials. Surprisingly, BALB/cByJ mice also showed binge-like eating of the unsweetened chow pellets similar to the escalation in palatable food intake of both substrains. Finally, we replicated the well-documented decrease in anxiety-like behavior in BALB/cByJ mice in the light-dark conflict test that likely contributed to greater palatable food intake than BALB/cJ in the light arena. To summarize, BALB/cByJ mice show binge-like eating in the presence and absence of sucrose. Possible explanations for the lack of selectivity in binge-like eating across diets (e.g., novelty preference, taste) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D. Sena
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob A. Beierle
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kayla T. Richardson
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Kantak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Camron D. Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Camron D. Bryant
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16
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Emtyazi D, Rabelo TK, Katzman H, Campos AC, Diwan M, Gidyk D, Rabelo Dos Santos P, Giacobbe P, Lipsman N, Aubert I, Hamani C. Sex differences in long-term fear and anxiety-like responses in a preclinical model of PTSD. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:619-625. [PMID: 35640386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in females, studying sex differences in preclinical models is of substantial importance. We have previously employed behavioural criteria to identify and characterize a subpopulation of rats that presented impaired fear extinction and long-term fear and anxiety responses following fear conditioning. We now exposed male and female rats to fear conditioning and extinction and segregated the animals into weak- (WE) and strong-extinction (SE) groups based on behavioural scores during extinction. Animals were subsequently tested for tone and context recall, as well as anxiety-like responses in the marble burying and novelty suppression of feeding (NSF) tests. Vaginal lavages were collected to characterize the phase of the estrous cycle during fear extinction. We found that females had reduced freezing during tone recall and a lower latency to feed in the NSF test. No differences were found in females undergoing extinction during high and low estrogen phases of the cycle in any of the performed tests. Overall, the percentage of animals that presented WE and SE phenotypes was similar in males and females. Both, WE males and females had increased freezing during tone and context recall. Along with our previous reports, WE males presented anxiety-like responses, particularly in the NSF compared to SE animals. In contrast, WE females buried less marbles than their SE mates. Future investigation including a larger number of behavioural tests are certainly required to corroborate our findings and ascertain potential mechanisms to explain the differences observed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delara Emtyazi
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Thallita Kelly Rabelo
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Hailey Katzman
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ana Carolina Campos
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Mustansir Diwan
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Darryl Gidyk
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Peter Giacobbe
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubert
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Prins K, Huisman M, McLuskey A, Mies R, Karels B, Delhanty PJD, Visser JA. Ghrelin deficiency sex-dependently affects food intake, locomotor activity, and adipose and hepatic gene expression in a binge-eating mouse model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E494-E507. [PMID: 35403437 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00432.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder is the most prevalent eating disorder diagnosed, affecting three times more women than men. Ghrelin stimulates appetite and reward signaling, and loss of its receptor reduces binge-eating behavior in male mice. Here, we examined the influence of ghrelin itself on binge-eating behavior in both male and female mice. Five-wk-old wild-type (WT) and ghrelin-deficient (Ghrl-/-) mice were housed individually in indirect calorimetry cages for 9 wks. Binge-like eating was induced by giving mice ad libitum chow, but time-restricted access to a Western-style diet (WD; 2 h access, 3 days/wk) in the light phase (BE); control groups received ad libitum chow (CO), or ad libitum access to both diets (CW). All groups of BE mice showed binge-eating behavior, eating up to 60% of their 24-h intake during the WD access period. Subsequent dark phase chow intake was decreased in Ghrl-/- mice and remained decreased in Ghrl-/- females on nonbinge days. Also, nonbinge day locomotor activity was lower in Ghrl-/- than in WT BE females. Upon euthanasia, Ghrl-/- BE mice weighed less and had a lower lean body mass percentage than WT BE mice. In BE and CW groups, ghrelin and sex altered the expression of genes involved in lipid processing, thermogenesis, and aging in white adipose tissue and livers. We conclude that, although ghrelin deficiency does not hamper the development of binge-like eating, it sex-dependently alters food intake timing, locomotor activity, and metabolism. These results add to the growing body of evidence that ghrelin signaling is sexually dimorphic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ghrelin, a peptide hormone secreted from the gut, is involved in hunger and reward signaling, which are altered in binge-eating disorder. Although sex differences have been described in both binge-eating and ghrelin signaling, this interaction has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that ghrelin deficiency affects the behavior and metabolism of mice in a binge-like eating paradigm, and that the sex of the mice impacts the magnitude and direction of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Huisman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke McLuskey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosinda Mies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Karels
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patric J D Delhanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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London E, Stratakis CA. The regulation of PKA signaling in obesity and in the maintenance of metabolic health. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108113. [PMID: 35051439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) system represents a primary cell-signaling pathway throughout systems and across species. PKA facilitates the actions of hormones, neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules that bind G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) to modulate cAMP levels. Through its control of synaptic events, exocytosis, transcriptional regulation, and more, PKA signaling regulates cellular metabolism and emotional and stress responses making it integral in the maintenance and dysregulation of energy homeostasis. Neural PKA signaling is regulated by afferent and peripheral efferent signals that link specific neural cell populations to the regulation of metabolic processes in adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, adrenal, skeletal muscle, and gut. Mouse models have provided invaluable information on the roles for PKA subunits in brain and key metabolic organs. While limited, human studies infer differential regulation of the PKA system in obese compared to lean individuals. Variants identified in PKA subunit genes cause Cushing syndrome that is characterized by metabolic dysregulation associated with endogenous glucocorticoid excess. Under healthy physiologic conditions, the PKA system is exquisitely regulated by stimuli that activate GPCRs to alter intracellular cAMP concentrations, and by PKA cellular localization and holoenzyme stability. Adenylate cyclase activity generates cAMP while phosphodiesterase-mediated cAMP degradation to AMP decreases cAMP levels downstream of GPCRs. Chronic perturbations in PKA signaling appear to be capable of resetting PKA regulation at several levels; in addition, sex differences in PKA signaling regulation, while not well understood, impact the physiologic consequences of metabolic dysregulation and obesity. This review explores the roles for PKA signaling in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated co-morbidities through neural-peripheral crosstalk and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway targets that hold therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA.
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA; Human Genetics & Precision Medicine, IMBB, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Greece; Research Institute, ELPEN, SA, Athens, Greece
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19
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Grimm JW, North K, Hopkins M, Jiganti K, McCoy A, Šulc J, MacDougall D, Sauter F. Sex differences in sucrose reinforcement in Long-Evans rats. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:3. [PMID: 35016712 PMCID: PMC8753819 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are sex differences in addiction behaviors. To develop a pre-clinical animal model to investigate this, the present study examined sex differences in sucrose taking and seeking using Long-Evans rats. Methods Five experiments were conducted using separate groups of subjects. The first two examined sucrose or saccharin preference in two-bottle home cage choice tests. Experiment three assessed sucrose intake in a binge model with sucrose available in home cage bottles. Experiments four and five utilized operant-based procedures. In experiment four rats responded for sucrose on fixed and progressive ratio (FR, PR) schedules of reinforcement over a range of concentrations of sucrose. A final component of experiment four was measuring seeking in the absence of sucrose challenged with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390. Experiment five assessed responding for water on FR and PR schedules of reinforcement. Results When accounting for body weight, female rats consumed more sucrose than water; but there was no sex difference in saccharin preference over a range of saccharin concentrations. When accounting for body weight, females consumed more sucrose than males in the binge model, and only females increased binge intake over 14 days of the study. Females responded at higher rates for sucrose under both FR and PR schedules of reinforcement. Females responded at higher rates in extinction (seeking); SCH23390 reduced sucrose seeking of both females and males. Females responded at higher rates for water on FR and PR schedules than males, although rates of responding were low and decreased over sessions. Conclusions Across bottle-choice, binge intake, and operant procedures, female Long-Evans rats consumed more sucrose and responded at higher rates for sucrose. Although females also responded more for water, the vigor of responding did not explain the consistent sex difference in sucrose taking and seeking. The sex difference in sucrose taking was also not explained by sweet preference, as there was no sex difference in saccharin preference. These data provide a pre-clinical model to further evaluate sex differences in addiction behaviors and manipulations designed to reduce them. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-022-00412-8.
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Quansah Amissah R, Basha D, Bukhtiyarova O, Timofeeva E, Timofeev I. Neuronal activities during palatable food consumption in the reward system of binge-like eating female rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 242:113604. [PMID: 34563545 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED), characterized by bingeing episodes and compulsivity, is the most prevalent eating disorder; however, little is known about its neurobiological underpinnings. In humans, BED is associated with desensitization of the reward system, specifically, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (Acb), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Additionally, BED patients feel relieved during bingeing, suggesting that bingeing helps to decrease the negative emotions they were feeling prior to the binge episode. However, the mechanisms that underlie this feeling of relief in BED patients have not been well investigated. To investigate neuronal activity before and during palatable food consumption in BED, we performed in vivo electrophysiological recordings in a binge-like eating rat model (bingeing, n = 12 and non-bingeing, n = 14) and analyzed the firing rate of neurons in the mPFC, Acb, and VTA before and during access to sucrose solution. We also investigated changes in the firing rate of neurons in these regions during and between active bingeing, which may underlie the feeling of relief in BED patients. We found that neuronal firing rates of mPFC and VTA neurons in bingeing rats were lower than those in non-bingeing rats before and during sucrose consumption. Palatable food consumption increased neuronal firing rates during and between active bingeing in bingeing rats. Our results suggest a desynchronization in the activity of reward system regions, specifically in the mPFC, in bingeing rats, which may also contribute to BED. These results are consistent with those of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that reported decreased activity in the reward system in BED patients. We propose that increased neuronal activity in the mPFC, Acb, or VTA produces an antidepressant effect in rats, which may underlie the sense of relief patients express during bingeing episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Quansah Amissah
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3, Canada
| | - Diellor Basha
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3, Canada
| | - Olga Bukhtiyarova
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3, Canada
| | - Elena Timofeeva
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3, Canada
| | - Igor Timofeev
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3, Canada.
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21
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Ubaldi M, Cannella N, Borruto AM, Petrella M, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Soverchia L, Stopponi S, Weiss F, Cifani C, Ciccocioppo R. Role of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ-NOP Receptor System in the Regulation of Stress-Related Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12956. [PMID: 34884757 PMCID: PMC8657682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17-residue neuropeptide that binds the nociceptin opioid-like receptor (NOP). N/OFQ exhibits nucleotidic and aminoacidics sequence homology with the precursors of other opioid neuropeptides but it does not activate either MOP, KOP or DOP receptors. Furthermore, opioid neuropeptides do not activate the NOP receptor. Generally, activation of N/OFQ system exerts anti-opioids effects, for instance toward opioid-induced reward and analgesia. The NOP receptor is widely expressed throughout the brain, whereas N/OFQ localization is confined to brain nuclei that are involved in stress response such as amygdala, BNST and hypothalamus. Decades of studies have delineated the biological role of this system demonstrating its involvement in significant physiological processes such as pain, learning and memory, anxiety, depression, feeding, drug and alcohol dependence. This review discusses the role of this peptidergic system in the modulation of stress and stress-associated psychiatric disorders in particular drug addiction, mood, anxiety and food-related associated-disorders. Emerging preclinical evidence suggests that both NOP agonists and antagonists may represent a effective therapeutic approaches for substances use disorder. Moreover, the current literature suggests that NOP antagonists can be useful to treat depression and feeding-related diseases, such as obesity and binge eating behavior, whereas the activation of NOP receptor by agonists could be a promising tool for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Anna Maria Borruto
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Michele Petrella
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Laura Soverchia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Serena Stopponi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Friedbert Weiss
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
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Campos MLD, Castro MBD, Campos AD, Fernandes MF, Conegundes JLM, Rodrigues MN, Mügge FLB, Silva AMD, Sabarense CM, Castañon MCMN, Andreazzi AE, Scio E. Antiobesity, hepatoprotective and anti-hyperglycemic effects of a pharmaceutical formulation containing Cecropia pachystachya Trécul in mice fed with a hypercaloric diet. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114418. [PMID: 34271111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (Urticaceae), known as embaúba, are used as hypoglycemic and for weight reduction in Brazilian traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effects of a pharmaceutical formulation (ECP20) containing C. pachystachya extract on some metabolic alterations caused by a hypercaloric diet in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were randomly fed with a standard or hypercaloric diet and orally treated with ECP20 or vehicle for 13 weeks. Subsequently, adiposity, glucose intolerance, and the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were assessed. Adipose tissue and liver were collected after euthanasia and frozen at -80 °C for histological and antioxidant analyzes. The effect of ECP20 on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes was also investigated. RESULTS Animals treated with ECP20 showed less weight gain, reduced glycemia, glucose tolerance restored, and hepatoprotective effect. Also, ECP20 presented significant in vivo antioxidant activity. Treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with ECP20 did not inhibit cellular differencing. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, ECP20 presented promising effects in the control of obesity and related disorders. Considering that glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia are strong evidence for the development of type 2 diabetes, the findings corroborated the traditional use of C. pachystachya to treat this disease. The chlorogenic acid and the flavonoids orientin and iso-orientin, present in the extract, might be involved in the activities found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lúcia de Campos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marina Bento de Castro
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Artur Domingos Campos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Fernandes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Leiras Mota Conegundes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Nehrer Rodrigues
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Lins Brandão Mügge
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Genes, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Aristóbolo Mendes da Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Genes, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Céphora Maria Sabarense
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Eliza Andreazzi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Elita Scio
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
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Rehn S, Raymond JS, Boakes RA, Leenaars CHC. A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models of binge eating - Part 1: Definitions and food/drink intake outcomes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:1137-1156. [PMID: 34742923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating involves consuming excessive amounts of food within a discrete period of time and is associated with significant impairments in binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. While research on clinical binge eating has provided valuable aetiological insights, animal models allow for closer examination of environmental, biological, and developmental risk factors. Numerous animal models of binge eating exist and differ widely in operational definitions of bingeing, animal characteristics and methodological parameters. The current review aimed to synthesise the available published evidence on these models. A systematic review of binge definitions in 170 articles found most studies displayed good face validity. Meta-analyses on 150 articles confirmed that the amount of food or drink consumed by animals under binge conditions was larger than that of non-binge conditions across many protocols. The meta-regression revealed species, strain, and sex moderated binge effect size, with the largest effect observed in studies with female animals and mice. Risk of bias assessment identified that improved reporting of allocation, baseline characteristics and outcome assessment is required in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rehn
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia.
| | - Joel S Raymond
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Robert A Boakes
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Cathalijn H C Leenaars
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6600, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mikhail ME, Anaya C, Culbert KM, Sisk CL, Johnson A, Klump KL. Gonadal Hormone Influences on Sex Differences in Binge Eating Across Development. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2021; 23:74. [PMID: 34613500 PMCID: PMC8576863 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Binge eating is a transdiagnostic symptom that disproportionately affects females. Sexually dimorphic gonadal hormones (e.g., estradiol, testosterone) substantially impact eating behavior and may contribute to sex differences in binge eating. We examine recent evidence for the role of gonadal hormones in binge eating risk across development. RECENT FINDINGS Both organizational (long-lasting impact on the central nervous system (CNS)) and activational (transient influences on the CNS) hormone effects may contribute to sex differences in binge eating. Gonadal hormones also impact within-sex variability in binge eating, with higher estradiol levels in females and higher testosterone levels in males protective across development. Emerging evidence suggests that the impact of gonadal hormones may be greatest for people with other risk factors, including genetic, temperamental (e.g., high negative affect), and psychosocial (e.g., exposure to weight-based teasing) risk. Gonadal hormones contribute to sex differences and within-sex variability in binge eating across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Mikhail
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Rd., Room 107B, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA
| | - Carolina Anaya
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Rd., Room 107B, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA
| | - Kristen M. Culbert
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexander Johnson
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Rd., Room 107B, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1116, USA,Corresponding author:
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25
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A review of sex differences in the mechanisms and drivers of overeating. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100941. [PMID: 34454955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disordered eating is often associated with marked psychological and emotional distress, and severe adverse impact on quality of life. Several factors can influence eating behavior and drive food consumption in excess of energy requirements for homeostasis. It is well established that stress and negative affect contribute to the aetiology of eating disorders and weight gain, and there is substantial evidence suggesting sex differences in sub-clinical and clinical types of overeating. This review will examine how negative affect and stress shape eating behaviors, and how the relationship between the physiological, endocrine, and neural responses to stress and eating behaviors differs between men and women. We will examine several drivers of overeating and explore possible mechanisms underlying sex differences in eating behavior.
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26
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Klump KL, Kashy DA, Culbert KM, Sinclair EB, Hildebrandt BA, Van Huysee JL, O'Connor SM, Fowler N, Johnson A, Sisk CL. The effects of puberty and ovarian hormone removal on developmental trajectories of palatable food and chow intake in female rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 235:113394. [PMID: 33757776 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Palatable food (PF) intake is significantly greater in females than males and increases during adolescence. Previous data suggest that puberty and ovarian hormones may contribute to these sex and developmental differences, but few studies have examined this possibility. The aim of the current study was to address these gaps by examining trajectories of PF and chow intake during pre-puberty, puberty, and adulthood in intact female rats (Study 1) as well as in those receiving pre-pubertal ovariectomies (P-OVX) (Study 2). METHOD We examined our study aims using archival data from 66 intact Sprague-Dawley female rats (Study 1) and 77 P-OVX and 79 intact Sprague-Dawley female rats (Study 2). PF and chow intake were measured using a free-choice, intermittent exposure paradigm in which rats were exposed to both food types starting in pre-puberty and continuing into adulthood. RESULTS Mixed linear models revealed a specific effect of puberty on PF intake in both studies. PF intake increased substantially during puberty in all rats, but increases were particularly pronounced in P-OVX rats in Study 2. By contrast, chow intake increased significantly during pre-puberty (rather than puberty) in both studies, and these increases were relatively unaffected by P-OVX. DISCUSSION Findings confirm a specific effect of puberty and ovarian hormone removal on PF intake in female rats. Differential trajectories of PF versus chow intake highlight potential reward-based processes in pubertal and ovarian hormone effects on PF intake in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA.
| | - Deborah A Kashy
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA
| | - Kristen M Culbert
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Elaine B Sinclair
- Department of Neurology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Britny A Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Shannon M O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Natasha Fowler
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA
| | - Alexander Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA
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27
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Neff KMH, Fay A, Saules KK. Foods and Nutritional Characteristics Associated With Addictive-Like Eating. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:1937-1956. [PMID: 33934668 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211014156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging literature is exploring the contribution of specific nutritional characteristics and food additives to the development of addictive-like eating, implicating highly processed foods and those high in fat and sugar in its pathophysiology. To our knowledge, no mixed methods study has yet aimed to investigate the relationship between food characteristics and addictive-like eating. Towards this end, we applied an a priori classification scheme to open-ended answers to enable us to use quantitative methods to analyze qualitative data. A sample of individuals who endorsed self-perceived "food addiction" (N = 182; 50% female; Mage = 34.1) reported the foods to which they believed they were "addicted." We classified these foods according to their levels of fat, carbohydrates, sugar, and sodium, and evaluated their predictive power on addictive-like eating. Pizza, chocolate, hamburgers, and pasta respectively, were the most reported food items to which participants felt they were addicted. Addictive-like eating was significantly predicted by endorsement of "addiction" to high-sodium foods. In contrast, "addiction" to high-sugar foods negatively predicted addictive-like eating symptoms. Findings support an association between highly processed and high-sodium foods with addictive-like eating behavior among humans, consistent in large part with prior human and animal literature. Results also suggest that people are readily able to report on their experiences of addiction to foods; specifically, they can freely endorse the experience of addictive-like eating and offer experiences of addictive foods that are largely consistent with theory and the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie M Herb Neff
- Department of Psychology, 8759Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Angela Fay
- Department of Psychology, 8759Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Karen K Saules
- Department of Psychology, 8759Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
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Guzmán-Rodríguez S, Chávez-Reyes J, Vázquez-León P, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Rosalez MN, Allende G, Marichal-Cancino BA. 1-Boc-Piperidine-4-Carboxaldehyde Prevents Binge-Eating Behaviour and Anxiety in Rats. Pharmacology 2021; 106:305-315. [PMID: 33756489 DOI: 10.1159/000513376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piperidines are biogenic amines studied mainly in toxicology because they were initially found as alkaloids from peppers and insect venoms. Piperidines are also produced in the human body, and their actions seem to be related to wakefulness/sleep and other cognitive phenomena. Piperidines have been minimally characterized for therapeutic applications. In this context, 1-Boc-piperidine-4-carboxaldehyde (1-Boc-piperidine) is a piperidine-derivative molecule with no mechanism of action reported, although its uses include the synthesis of GPR119 selective agonists that have been patented as anti-obesity drugs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to study the effects of 1-Boc-piperidine on binge-eating behaviour and anxiety in Wistar rats. METHODS In experimental protocol 1, binge-eating behaviour was induced in animals that received pre-treatment (i.p.) with (i) vehicle (methanol 10%; 1 mL/kg), (ii) 1-Boc-piperidine (1 µmol kg-1), or (iii) 1-Boc-piperidine (10 µmol kg-1). In experimental protocol 2, mildly stressed animals were evaluated in the elevated plus maze under the acute effects of the pre-treatments applied in experimental protocol 1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1-Boc-piperidine decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, the intake of calories from a succulent hyper-caloric food in a binge-eating protocol in female rats, whereas the acute exposition to this piperidine exerted an anxiolytic effect in the male rat. In both effects, the mechanism of action remains to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Guzmán-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Melvin N Rosalez
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Allende
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico,
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Ma R, Mikhail ME, Culbert KM, Johnson AW, Sisk CL, Klump KL. Ovarian Hormones and Reward Processes in Palatable Food Intake and Binge Eating. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:69-78. [PMID: 31799907 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00013.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian hormones are associated with risk for binge eating in women. Recent animal and human studies suggest that food-related reward processing may be one set of neurobiological factors that contribute to these relationships, but additional studies are needed to confirm and extend findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Ma
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Megan E Mikhail
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Kristen M Culbert
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Alex W Johnson
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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30
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Franceschini A, Fattore L. Gender-specific approach in psychiatric diseases: Because sex matters. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173895. [PMID: 33508283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In both animals and human beings, males and females differ in their genetic background and hormonally driven behaviour and show sex-related differences in brain activity and response to internal and external stimuli. Gender-specific medicine has been a neglected dimension of medicine for long time, and only in the last three decades it is receiving the due scientific and clinical attention. Research has recently begun to identify factors that could provide a neurobiological basis for gender-based differences in health and disease and to point to gonadal hormones as important determinants of male-female differences. Animal studies have been of great help in understanding factors contributing to sex-dependent differences and sex hormones action. Here we review and discuss evidence provided by clinical and animal studies in the last two decades showing gender (in humans) and sex (in animals) differences in selected psychiatric disorders, namely eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder), schizophrenia, mood disorders (anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder) and neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Franceschini
- Addictive Behaviors Department, Local Health Authority, Trento, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council, Italy.
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31
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Hildebrandt BA, Ahmari SE. Breaking It Down: Investigation of Binge Eating Components in Animal Models to Enhance Translation. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:728535. [PMID: 34484010 PMCID: PMC8414642 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.728535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge eating (BE) is a core eating disorder behavior that is present across nearly all eating disorder diagnoses (e. g., bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa binge/purge subtype), and is also widely present in the general population. Despite the prevalence of BE, limited treatment options exist and there are often high rates of relapse after treatment. There is evidence showing that genetic factors contribute to the heritability of BE and support for biological contributions to BE. However, more work is needed to fully understand neurobiological mechanisms underlying BE. One approach to target this problem is to separate BE into its distinct clinical components that can be more easily modeled using pre-clinical approaches. To date, a variety of animal models for BE have been used in pre-clinical studies; but there have been challenges translating this work to human BE. Here, we review these pre-clinical approaches by breaking them down into three clinically-significant component parts (1) consumption of a large amount of food; (2) food consumption within a short period of time; and (3) loss of control over eating. We propose that this rubric identifies the most frequently used and effective ways to model components of BE behavior using pre-clinical approaches with the strongest clinical relevance. Finally, we discuss how current pre-clinical models have been integrated with techniques using targeted neurobiological approaches and propose ways to improve translation of pre-clinical work to human investigations of BE that could enhance our understanding of BE behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britny A Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Culbert KM, Sisk CL, Klump KL. A Narrative Review of Sex Differences in Eating Disorders: Is There a Biological Basis? Clin Ther 2021; 43:95-111. [PMID: 33375999 PMCID: PMC7902379 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eating disorders and their core symptoms (eg, binge eating, body weight/shape concerns) disproportionately affect females, and these sex-differentiated effects become prominent during and after puberty. Although psychosocial influences such as heightened sociocultural pressures for thinness in girls and women contribute to this sex imbalance, biological factors could also play an important role. METHODS This narrative review summarizes evidence of biological factors underlying the sex-differentiated prevalence of eating pathology as well as within-sex variability in risk. FINDINGS There are sex differences in the pubertal emergence of genetic effects on eating pathology (adrenarche in males; gonadarche in females), and at least some genetic contributions to eating pathology seem to vary between the sexes. Furthermore, sex steroid hormones (eg, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone) are leading contributors to differential risk for eating pathology in males and females across the life span. Emerging data suggest that between-sex and within-sex variability in risk might occur via hormone-driven modulation (activation/deactivation) of genetic influences and neural responsiveness to food-related cues. IMPLICATIONS There is a biological basis to heightened risk for eating pathology in females, relative to males, as well as unique biological influences within each sex. Findings from this review highlight the importance of studying both sexes and considering sex-specific biological mechanisms that may underlie differential risk for eating pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Culbert
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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London E, Wester JC, Bloyd M, Bettencourt S, McBain CJ, Stratakis CA. Loss of habenular Prkar2a reduces hedonic eating and increases exercise motivation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141670. [PMID: 33141766 PMCID: PMC7714411 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is a bilateral, evolutionarily conserved epithalamic structure connecting forebrain and midbrain structures that has gained attention for its roles in depression, addiction, rewards processing, and motivation. Of its 2 major subdivisions, the medial Hb (MHb) and lateral Hb (LHb), MHb circuitry and function are poorly understood relative to those of the LHb. Prkar2a codes for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) regulatory subunit IIα (RIIα), a component of the PKA holoenzyme at the center of one of the major cell-signaling pathways conserved across systems and species. Type 2 regulatory subunits (RIIα, RIIβ) determine the subcellular localization of PKA, and unlike other PKA subunits, Prkar2a has minimal brain expression except in the MHb. We previously showed that RIIα-knockout (RIIα-KO) mice resist diet-induced obesity. In the present study, we report that RIIα-KO mice have decreased consumption of palatable, “rewarding” foods and increased motivation for voluntary exercise. Prkar2a deficiency led to decreased habenular PKA enzymatic activity and impaired dendritic localization of PKA catalytic subunits in MHb neurons. Reexpression of Prkar2a in the Hb rescued this phenotype, confirming differential roles for Prkar2a in regulating the drives for palatable foods and voluntary exercise. Our findings show that in the MHb decreased PKA signaling and dendritic PKA activity decrease motivation for palatable foods, while enhancing the motivation for exercise, a desirable combination of behaviors. Decreased habenular PKA signaling and altered localization of PKA catalytic subunits in medial habenula dendrites caused by Prkar2a deletion led to increased voluntary running and decreased sucrose solution intake in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason C Wester
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Chris J McBain
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Lamontagne SJ, Wilkin MM, Menard JL, Olmstead MC. Mid-adolescent stress differentially affects binge-like intake of sucrose across estrous cycles in female rats ✰. Physiol Behav 2020; 228:113194. [PMID: 33011230 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED), characterized by excessive food consumption within a discrete period of time, is the most prevalent of all eating disorders, with higher rates in women than men. Chronic stress, particularly during adolescence, is a significant risk factor for BED in women, but the mechanism underlying this relationship remains elusive. We investigated the phenomenon by testing the impact of mid-adolescent intermittent physical stress (IPS) on binge-like intake of sucrose in adult female rats, assessing how the behavior changed across reproductive cycles. One hundred and nineteen Long-Evans rats were exposed to IPS (n = 59) or no stress (NS; n = 60) for 12 days during mid-adolescence (PD35-46). Binge-like eating was induced in adult animals using an intermittent access protocol: animals were provided with 12 h or 24 h access to sucrose, 12 h access to saccharin, or 12 h access to food over 28 days. After 1- or 28-day abstinence, compulsive responding for sucrose was measured using a conditioned suppression paradigm. Rats given 12 h access to sucrose developed binge-like intake, measured as increased consumption during the first hour; the effect was magnified in IPS animals and most pronounced during proestrous. Solution intake in IPS rats was predicted by open arm entries in the elevated plus maze, suggesting that increased risk-taking behavior is associated with greater binge-like eating. IPS blocked conditioned suppression after 28 days of abstinence, pointing to a role of mid-adolescent stress in compulsivity. Collectively, these findings emphasize the impact of stress on the emergence of binge eating in females and suggest that intervention programs for women with a history of adolescent adversity should be investigated as a means to reduce risk for BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Lamontagne
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Meaghan M Wilkin
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Janet L Menard
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Mary C Olmstead
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6.
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Hernandez CM, Orsini C, Wheeler AR, Ten Eyck TW, Betzhold SM, Labiste CC, Wright NG, Setlow B, Bizon JL. Testicular hormones mediate robust sex differences in impulsive choice in rats. eLife 2020; 9:58604. [PMID: 32985975 PMCID: PMC7521924 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairments in choosing optimally between immediate and delayed rewards are associated with numerous psychiatric disorders. Such ‘intertemporal’ choice is influenced by genetic and experiential factors; however, the contributions of biological sex are understudied and data to date are largely inconclusive. Rats were used to determine how sex and gonadal hormones influence choices between small, immediate and large, delayed rewards. Females showed markedly greater preference than males for small, immediate over large, delayed rewards (greater impulsive choice). This difference was neither due to differences in food motivation or reward magnitude perception, nor was it affected by estrous cycle. Ovariectomies did not affect choice in females, whereas orchiectomies increased impulsive choice in males. These data show that male rats exhibit less impulsive choice than females and that this difference is at least partly maintained by testicular hormones. These differences in impulsive choice could be linked to gender differences across multiple neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caesar M Hernandez
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Caitlin Orsini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Alexa-Rae Wheeler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Tyler W Ten Eyck
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Sara M Betzhold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Chase C Labiste
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Noelle G Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
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Yang TY, Gao Z, Liang NC. Sex-Dependent Wheel Running Effects on High Fat Diet Preference, Metabolic Outcomes, and Performance on the Barnes Maze in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092721. [PMID: 32899519 PMCID: PMC7551623 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive and prolonged intake of highly palatable, high fat (HF) foods contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive impairment. Exercise can restore energy homeostasis and suppress HF diet preference in rats. However, it is unclear if exercise confers similar protection against the detrimental outcomes associated with a chronic HF diet preference and feeding in both sexes. We used our wheel running (WR) and two-diet choice (chow vs. HF) paradigm to investigate the efficacy of exercise in reversing HF diet-associated metabolic and cognitive dysregulation in rats, hypothesizing that beneficial effects of exercise would be more pronounced in males. All WR rats showed HF diet avoidance upon running initiation, and males, but not females, had a prolonged reduction in HF diet preference. Moreover, exercise only improved glucose tolerance and insulin profile in males. Compared to sedentary controls, all WR rats improved learning to escape on the Barnes maze. Only WR females increased errors made during subsequent reversal learning trials, indicating a sex-dependent effect of exercise on behavioral flexibility. Taken together, our results suggest that exercise is more effective at attenuating HF-associated metabolic deficits in males, and highlights the importance of developing sex-specific treatment interventions for obesity and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Y. Yang
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; (T.Y.Y.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zijun Gao
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; (T.Y.Y.); (Z.G.)
| | - Nu-Chu Liang
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; (T.Y.Y.); (Z.G.)
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(217)-244-7873
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Klump KL, Sinclair EB, Hildebrandt BA, Kashy DA, O'Connor S, Mikhail ME, Culbert KM, Johnson A, Sisk CL. The Disruptive Effects of Estrogen Removal before Puberty on Risk for Binge Eating in Female Rats. Clin Psychol Sci 2020; 8:839-856. [PMID: 33758686 DOI: 10.1177/2167702620921343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that estrogen is protective against binge eating in adult females, and that pubertal estrogen may be critical for these effects. Nonetheless, to date, no study has examined the role of pubertal estrogen in adult binge eating phenotypes in females, potentially due to difficulties experimentally manipulating estrogen in humans to examine causal effects. We used a novel animal model to examine whether estrogen removal prior to puberty (via pre-pubertal ovariectomy (P-OVX)) increases rates of binge eating prone (BEP) phenotypes in adulthood in females. A total of 77 P-OVX and 79 intact rats were followed from pre-puberty into adulthood and phenotyped for BEP status in adulthood. Results showed significantly increased rates (~2-8x higher) of adult BEP phenotypes in P-OVX as compared to intact rats. Findings confirm that estrogen removal substantially increases later risk for binge eating in females, potentially by disrupting typical adolescent brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116
| | - Elaine B Sinclair
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116
| | - Britny A Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Deborah A Kashy
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116
| | - Shannon O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Megan E Mikhail
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116
| | - Kristen M Culbert
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Alexander Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116
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Fowler N, Klump KL. A virtual issue highlighting animal studies of eating disorders as valuable tools for examining neurobiological underpinnings and treatment of eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:1569-1578. [PMID: 32488869 PMCID: PMC7485142 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
While studies in humans suggest a role for psychosocial factors as well as biological and genetic processes in the development of eating disorders, the specific etiologic mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this virtual issue, we present a collection of 14 archived articles from the International Journal of Eating Disorders to highlight the utility of animal studies of eating disorders to advance our understanding of eating disorder etiology. Selected articles establish animal studies as valid tools to study disordered eating behavior, offer insight into potential neurobiological mechanisms, and highlight novel targets for future pharmacological treatments. Clinical implications of each article's findings are included to demonstrate the translational value of animal studies for the eating disorders field. We hope that the exciting concepts and findings in this issue inspire future animal studies of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Fowler
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Freeman LR, Bentzley BS, James MH, Aston-Jones G. Sex Differences in Demand for Highly Palatable Foods: Role of the Orexin System. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 24:54-63. [PMID: 32496559 PMCID: PMC7816693 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of eating disorders, including binge eating disorder, is significantly higher in women. These findings are mirrored by preclinical studies, which indicate that female rats have a higher preference for palatable food and show greater binge-like eating compared with male rats. METHODS Here, we describe a novel within-session behavioral-economic paradigm that allows for the simultaneous measurement of the intake at null cost (Q0) and normalized demand elasticity (α) of 3 types of palatable food (low fat, high fat, and chocolate sucrose pellets) via demand curve analysis. In light of evidence that the orexin (hypocretin) system is critically involved in reward and feeding behaviors, we also examined the role of orexin function in sex differences of economic demand for palatable foods. RESULTS The novel within-session behavioral-economic approach revealed that female rats have higher intake (demand) than males for all palatable foods at low cost (normalized to body weight) but no difference in intake at higher prices, indicating sex-dependent differences in the hedonic, but not motivational, aspects of palatable food. Immediately following behavioral-economic testing, we observed more orexin-expressing neurons and Fos expression (measure of recent neural activation) in these neurons in female rats compared with male rats. Moreover, the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB334867 reduced both low- and high-cost intake for palatable food in both male and female rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence of higher demand at low prices for palatable food in females and indicate that these behavioral differences may be associated with sexual dimorphism in orexin system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea R Freeman
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Brandon S Bentzley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Morgan H James
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Aston-Jones
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey,Correspondence: Gary Aston-Jones, PhD, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854 ()
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Massa MG, Correa SM. Sexes on the brain: Sex as multiple biological variables in the neuronal control of feeding. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165840. [PMID: 32428559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal interactions at the level of vagal, homeostatic, and hedonic circuitry work to regulate the neuronal control of feeding. This integrative system appears to vary across sex and gender in the animal and human worlds. Most feeding research investigating these variations across sex and gender focus on how the organizational and activational mechanisms of hormones contribute to these differences. However, in limited studies spanning both the central and peripheral nervous systems, sex differences in feeding have been shown to manifest not just at the level of the hormonal, but also at the chromosomal, epigenetic, cellular, and even circuitry levels to alter food intake. In this review, we provide a brief orientation to the current understanding of how these neuronal systems interact before dissecting selected studies from the recent literature to exemplify how feeding physiology at all levels can be affected by the various components of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G Massa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Stephanie M Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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41
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Buczek L, Migliaccio J, Petrovich GD. Hedonic Eating: Sex Differences and Characterization of Orexin Activation and Signaling. Neuroscience 2020; 436:34-45. [PMID: 32283183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Palatable taste can stimulate appetite in the absence of hunger, and individual differences in hedonic eating may be critical to overeating. Women are more prone to obesity and binge eating than men, which warrants comparisons of hedonic versus physiological consumption and the underlying neural substrates in both sexes. The current study examined palatable (high-sugar) food consumption in male and female rats under physiological hunger and satiety, and the role of the neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin (ORX). Across multiple tests, females consistently consumed similar amounts of palatable food regardless of whether they were hungry or sated prior to testing. In contrast, males typically adjusted their consumption according to their hunger/satiety state. This difference was specific to palatable food consumption, as both sexes ate standard chow according to their hunger state. ORX is important in food motivation and reward behaviors. Thus, to begin to determine the neuronal mechanisms of hedonic eating, we examined activation and signaling of ORX neurons. We systematically characterized Fos induction patterns of ORX neurons across the entire rostrocaudal extent of the lateral hypothalamus and found that they were activated by food and by fasting in both sexes. Then, we showed that systemic blockade of ORX receptor 1 signaling with SB-334867 decreased palatable food consumption in hungry and sated rats of both sexes. These results demonstrate sex differences in hedonic eating; increased susceptibility in females to overeat palatable food regardless of hunger state, and that ORX is a critical neuropeptide mechanism of hedonic eating in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buczek
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Jennifer Migliaccio
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Gorica D Petrovich
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States.
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42
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Saltzgiver S, Nielson A, Costello H, Baker A, Chan J, Aguilar D. Dietary Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome Parameters Differ by Gender in College Students. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2892. [PMID: 31783663 PMCID: PMC6950099 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MyPlate is a guidance system for healthier eating choices. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the influence of MyPlate food group consumption and exercise on metabolic syndrome (MetS) parameters in college students. Participant (n = 462) blood was analyzed using Cholestech for triglycerides (TG), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, weight, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Diet and Wellness Plus was used to compute participant diet records. Regression analysis and a recursive decision tree were made to predict MetS using RStudio (V.1.1.463). BP decision tree predicted high risk of elevated blood pressure with a recall rate of 93.7%. For males; exercise, empty calories, dairy, and protein were main predictors. For females, vegetable and empty calorie consumption were primary determinants. HDL-C decision tree had a recall rate of 91.8% and showed that the main low HDL-C risk determinants for males were; exercise and grain consumption. Conversely, for females; empty calories, grain, and vegetable consumption were the key factors determining low HDL-C risk. This study shows that MyPlate recommendations are valuable to achieve adequate HDL-C and blood pressure and provides insight into the importance of tailoring food intake guidance based on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saltzgiver
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2801, USA; (S.S.); (H.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander Nielson
- Department of Mathematics, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2801, USA; (A.N.); (J.C.)
| | - Heidi Costello
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2801, USA; (S.S.); (H.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Adam Baker
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2801, USA; (S.S.); (H.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Julian Chan
- Department of Mathematics, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2801, USA; (A.N.); (J.C.)
| | - David Aguilar
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2801, USA; (S.S.); (H.C.); (A.B.)
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Sinclair EB, Klump KL, Sisk CL. Reduced Medial Prefrontal Control of Palatable Food Consumption Is Associated With Binge Eating Proneness in Female Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:252. [PMID: 31736726 PMCID: PMC6834655 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge eating is the core, maladaptive eating behavior that cuts across several major types of eating disorders. Binge eating is associated with a significant loss of control over palatable food (PF) intake, and deficits in behavioral control mechanisms, subserved by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), may underlie binge eating. Few studies, to date, have examined whether the PFC is directly involved in the expression of binge eating. As such, the present study investigated the functional role of the medial PFC (mPFC) in PF consumption, using an individual differences rat model of binge eating proneness. Here, we tested the hypothesis that binge eating proneness (i.e., high levels of PF consumption) is associated with reduced mPFC-mediated behavioral control over PF intake. In experiment 1, we quantified PF-induced Fos expression in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the mPFC in binge eating prone (BEP) and binge eating resistant (BER) female rats. In experiment 2, we pharmacologically inactivated the mPFC of BEP and BER female rats, just prior to PF exposure, and subsequently quantified PF intake and scores of feeding behavior. While most Fos-expressing neurons of the mPFC in both BEPs and BERs were of the excitatory phenotype, fewer excitatory neurons were engaged by PF in BEPs than in BERs. Moreover, pharmacological inactivation of the mPFC led to a significant increase in PF intake in both BEPs and BERs, but the rise in PF consumption was stronger in BEPs than in BERs. Thus, these data suggest that lower, PF-induced excitatory tone in the mPFC of BEP rats may lead to a weaker, mPFC-mediated behavioral “brake” over excessive PF intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine B Sinclair
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Tapia MA, Lee JR, Bathe EL, Rivera LL, Mason KL, Cessac ME, Bodeen JL, Miller DK, Will MJ. Sigma-1 receptor antagonist, PD144418, selectively reduces female motivation for food during negative energy balance. Behav Brain Res 2019; 373:112087. [PMID: 31325519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-1 (σ1) receptors have been investigated for their involvement in learning, rewarding and motivational processes. PD144418, a σ1 receptor antagonist, has been found to produce a dose-dependent attenuation of locomotor activity induced by cocaine, and by itself, does not suppress basal locomotor activity in mice. Moreover, PD144418 decreases the motivational effort of a food-reinforced behavior in male rats, without altering appetite or food palatability. It remains unknown whether the PD144418 can alter the motivational effort of a food-reinforced behavior in response to altered energy homeostasis, as is the case under 24 -h food deprivation. Additionally, while the previous experiments indicate effects in male rats, there has been no research examining the effects of PD144418, or any other σ1 receptor antagonist, on motivational aspects of feeding in females. The present study examined the effects of PD144418 on motivational aspects of feeding in male and female rats using an operant task under sated or food deprived conditions. Results indicated that when animals are sated, at the highest dose (10 μmol/kg), under a progressive ratio (PR) reinforcement schedule, PD144418 significantly attenuated the breakpoint and the number of active lever responses for sucrose pellets in both males and females. When animals are in a state of energy deficit, as is the case following 24-hr food deprivation, PD144418 does not alter motivationally driven operant responding as measured by the breakpoint in either sex but does alter the number of earned reinforcers responses in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Tapia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Jenna R Lee
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Emily L Bathe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Leticia L Rivera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kelsey L Mason
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Mikala E Cessac
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Bodeen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Dennis K Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Matthew J Will
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Females experience eating disorders at substantially higher rates than males. Although sociocultural factors have traditionally been thought to underlie this sex disparity, accumulating evidence implicates differential exposure to gonadal hormones early in life. Gonadal hormones also impact within-sex variability in disordered eating, helping to explain why not all women develop an eating disorder, and some men do. We review recent findings regarding these gonadal hormone effects and their implications for the etiology of eating disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Males are exposed to significantly higher testosterone levels than females perinatally, and this exposure appears to protect against later binge eating in males relative to females. Within-sex, higher estradiol levels among females and higher testosterone levels among males appear to be protective. Progesterone exhibits minimal direct phenotypic effects on disordered eating but appears to counteract the protective effects of estrogen in adult females. Importantly, gonadal hormone effects may be moderated by psychosocial factors. SUMMARY Evidence suggests that gonadal hormones play a critical role in the etiology of disordered eating. Overall, higher testosterone and estrogen appear to be protective across development. Additional research is needed to identify mechanisms underlying these effects and further explore interactions between hormonal and psychosocial risk.
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46
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Novelle MG, Diéguez C. Updating gender differences in the control of homeostatic and hedonic food intake: Implications for binge eating disorder. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 497:110508. [PMID: 31319096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In an obesity pandemic context, eating disorders (ED) have arisen as serious illnesses associated with severe disturbances and has a clear gender dependent bias. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the oestrogen role in the homeostatic and hedonic control of food intake. We draw attention to the role of oestrogens in the various reward processes and their possible implication in the development of ED, a condition much more common in women. In here, we have summarized the most relevant studies conducted in animal models over the last few years. In particular, we want to emphasize on the importance of continuing thorough investigations in female animal models. We believe that understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate gender differences in food intake may provide new potential targets for ED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Novelle
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Anversa RG, Campbell EJ, Ch'ng SS, Gogos A, Lawrence AJ, Brown RM. A model of emotional stress‐induced binge eating in female mice with no history of food restriction. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12613. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta G. Anversa
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne Parkville Melbourne Australia
| | - Erin J. Campbell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
| | - Sarah S. Ch'ng
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
| | - Andrea Gogos
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne Parkville Melbourne Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lawrence
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne Parkville Melbourne Australia
| | - Robyn M. Brown
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne Parkville Melbourne Australia
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Brutman JN, Sirohi S, Davis JF. Examining the Impact of Estrogen on Binge Feeding, Food-Motivated Behavior, and Body Weight in Female Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1617-1626. [PMID: 31411378 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge-eating disorder is associated with diminished self-control, emotional distress, and obesity. In this context, women are nearly twice as likely to develop binge-eating disorder and depression relative to men. Here, the physiological, psychological, and endocrine parameters were characterized in female rats subjected to a binge-eating protocol. METHODS Nonrestricted female Long Evans rats (n = 8/group) received 2-hour restricted access to a high-fat diet (HFD) (4.54 kcal/g) every day or every third day. The progression of estrous cycling, the functional relevance of estrogen signaling for binge feeding, and binge-induced changes in food motivation were measured. RESULTS Female rats developed a binge pattern of feeding that included alternation between caloric overconsumption and compensatory voluntary restriction without impacting estrous cycling. Notably, rats that received daily HFD exposure progressively decreased binge meals. Estrogen replacement in normal cycling or ovariectomized rats mimicked the reduction in body weight in female rats that received daily HFD access. Operant responding was unaffected by binge feeding; however, estrogen augmented operant performance in HFD-exposed rats. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest that estrogen protects against binge-induced increases in body weight gain without affecting food motivation in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna N Brutman
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sunil Sirohi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jon F Davis
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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LeMon JV, Sisk CL, Klump KL, Johnson AW. Reduced sensitivity to devaluation for instrumental but not consummatory behaviors in binge eating prone rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:13-21. [PMID: 30858100 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating is characterized by the consumption of a large amount of palatable food in a short period of time and is a core feature of many eating disorders. Patients with eating disorders are also known to display impairments in inhibitory control, cognition and decision-making, which may promote and maintain binge eating symptomology. In the current study, we examined whether rats that were subsequently characterized as displaying a higher propensity to binge eat would show pre-existing deficits in reinforcer devaluation-a paradigm used to examine decision-making following reductions in the value of a food reinforcer. Female rats were first trained to respond on two levers for the delivery of two food reinforcers (sucrose and maltodextrin solutions). At the test stage, rats were provided 1 h access to one of the two reinforcers to allow for devaluation via sensory specific satiety, immediately followed by an extinction test with both levers. Normal rats typically show reductions in responding on the lever associated with the devalued reinforcer (i.e., intact goal-directed responding). Subsequently, we used intermittent access to palatable food to identify high (BE prone [BEP]; n = 14), intermediate (BE neutral [BEN]; n = 48), and low (BE resistant [BER]; n = 13) phenotypes of binge eating. Prior reinforcer devaluation performance showed BEN and BER rats suppressed responding on the lever associated with the devalued reinforcer while BEP rats did not. This insensitivity to instrumental reinforcer devaluation in BEP rats did not reflect impaired sensory-specific satiety as during a food choice test, BEP rats showed a more robust alteration in food preferences following devaluation. Additionally, across all rats sensory specific satiety was correlated with subsequent intake of palatable food. Collectively, these findings suggest dissociable effects of devaluation procedures on instrumental actions and consummatory behaviors in BEP rats, and may indicate that pre-existing differences in goal-directed behavior and sensory-specific satiety contribute to the propensity to overeat palatable food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle V LeMon
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alexander W Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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50
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Tapia MA, Lee JR, Weise VN, Tamasi AM, Will MJ. Sex differences in hedonic and homeostatic aspects of palatable food motivation. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:396-400. [PMID: 30465814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Feeding behaviors can be modified via homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. Homeostasis, while primarily concerned with maintaining energy balance via food consumption and energy expenditure, can alter food reward and motivation in response to food deprivation. Alternatively, reward and motivation of food is also driven by its palatability or hedonic nature, and this process can be augmented by opioid receptor activation. The present study examined sex differences in the motivational properties of sucrose pellets through manipulation of homeostatic and hedonic processes via acute food deprivation and acute systemic administration of morphine, respectively. The results showed that regardless of sex, systemic injections of morphine did not alter the motivation to obtain a sucrose pellet on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement but does significantly increase consumption of sucrose pellets when freely available. Male and female rats demonstrated similar increased consumption of sucrose pellets under free feeding conditions following acute (24-hours) food deprivation, compared to the non-deprived conditions. Overall, the findings from these experiments indicate that female rats work harder in order to obtain a sucrose pellet (under a Progressive Ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement) and consume more sucrose pellets than males. However, while acute morphine administration causes similar increases on feeding in males and females, it does not alter motivation as measured by breakpoint on a PR schedule of reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Tapia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jenna R Lee
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Valerie N Weise
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Anna M Tamasi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Matthew J Will
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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