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Waltmann M, Herzog N, Reiter AMF, Villringer A, Horstmann A, Deserno L. Neurocomputational mechanisms underlying differential reinforcement learning from wins and losses in obesity with and without binge eating. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00160-5. [PMID: 38909896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is thought of as a disorder of cognitive control but evidence regarding its neurocognitive mechanisms is inconclusive. Key limitations in prior research are a lack of consistent separation between effects of BED and obesity, and a disregard for self-report evidence suggesting that neurocognitive alterations may emerge primarily in loss- or harm-avoidance contexts. METHODS Addressing these gaps, this longitudinal study investigated behavioral flexibility and its underlying neuro-computational processes in reward-seeking and loss-avoidance contexts. Obese participants with BED (BED), without BED (OB), and healthy normal-weight participants (NW) (Ntotal=96) performed a probabilistic reversal learning task during functional imaging, with different blocks focused on obtaining wins or avoiding losses. They were reinvited for a 6-months follow-up. RESULTS Analyses informed by computational models of reinforcement learning showed that unlike BED, OB performed worse in the win than the loss condition. Computationally, this was explained by differential learning sensitivities in the win vs loss conditions between groups. In the brain, this was echoed in differential neural learning signals in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) per condition. The differences were subtle, but scaled with BED symptoms, such that more severe BED symptoms were associated with increasing bias towards improved learning from wins vs losses. Across conditions, OB switched more between choice options than NW. This was reflected in diminished representation of choice certainty in the vmPFC. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of distinguishing between obesity with and without BED to identify unique neuro-computational alterations underlying different styles of maladaptive eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Waltmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nadine Herzog
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea M F Reiter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; CRC-940 Volition and Cognitive Control, Faculty of Psychology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; MindBrainBody Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lorenz Deserno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Bradley S, Moore F, Duffy F, Clark L, Suratwala T, Knightsmith P, Gillespie-Smith K. Camouflaging, not sensory processing or autistic identity, predicts eating disorder symptoms in autistic adults. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241245749. [PMID: 38634458 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241245749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the impact of Autistic identity (i.e. feeling like you belong to the Autistic community), sensory profiles (e.g. being over or under responsive to sensations) and camouflaging behaviours (i.e. masking) on eating disorder symptoms in Autistic adults. 180 Autistic people were recruited from the community and NHS. The Autistic people completed online questionnaires measuring Autistic identity, sensory profiles, camouflaging behaviours, autistic traits and eating disorder symptoms. The analysis showed that higher levels of camouflaging behaviour predicted higher levels of eating disorder symptoms. Sensory profiles were related to but did not predict eating disorder symptoms and there was no relationship between level of Autistic identity and eating disorder symptoms. This shows that camouflaging is the most important predictor of eating disorder symptoms in Autistic people, and warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fiona Duffy
- The University of Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, UK
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3
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Eichen DM, Strong DR, Twamley EW, Boutelle KN. Adding executive function training to cognitive behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Eat Behav 2023; 51:101806. [PMID: 37660487 PMCID: PMC10840715 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-based treatments for binge eating disorder (BED), such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) lead to successful outcomes only about half the time. Individuals with BED often have measurable deficits in executive function (EF) that may challenge adherence to or impact of cognitive behavioral intervention components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of adding EF training to CBT by combining CBT with a compensatory cognitive training approach (EF-CBT). Participants were 32 adults with BED, overweight/obesity, and comorbid anxiety or depression who were randomly assigned to four months of group treatment in either standard CBT or EF-CBT. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and at 2-month follow-up. Results showed that EF-CBT was feasible and acceptable, comparable to CBT. Both groups significantly decreased loss of control (LOC) days, clinical impairment, and depression at post-treatment and 2-month follow-up; though there were no differences between groups. Neither group significantly reduced anxiety or weight. Exploratory analyses found that participants with lower EF treated with EF-CBT were less likely to have LOC at post-treatment than those with lower EF treated with CBT. Higher self-monitoring rates during treatment were associated with lower LOC at post-treatment and participants with lower EF were more likely to self-monitor in the EF-CBT arm relative to the CBT arm. These findings suggest that EF-CBT is feasible, acceptable and efficacious, although larger scale research is needed. EF-CBT may be particularly suited for individuals with BED who have lower EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Eichen
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - David R Strong
- University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Twamley
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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4
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Chen JY, Oh Y, Kounios J, Lowe MR. An examination of frontal asymmetry in relation to eating in the absence of hunger and loss-of-control eating. Appetite 2023; 191:107090. [PMID: 37871365 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-control (LOC) eating involves a subjective feeling that one cannot stop eating or control one's eating. Individuals with LOC eating may exhibit strong appetitive drives and weak inhibitory control, and these two opposing motivations have been related to EEG measurements of frontal asymmetry or lateralized frontal activation. The present study investigated whether frontal asymmetry is related to hedonic hunger, LOC eating severity and frequency, and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in the laboratory. Fifty-nine individuals participated in an ostensible taste study after resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. After the EEGs, they were provided a meal to eat until fullness, followed by an array of snacks and instructions to eat as much as they would like. The results indicated that several measures of right-frontal asymmetry were related to greater EAH and greater self-reported LOC eating severity. Although right-frontal asymmetry has been theorized to reflect avoidance motivation, recent evidence suggests it may indicate effortful control during approach-avoidance conflicts. Because individuals with LOC eating presumably experience heightened conflict between drives to eat beyond energy needs and to minimize such eating, those experiencing greater LOC may exert greater effort to manage these conflicting motivations. An integration of these neurobiological correlates of LOC eating may help provide a more comprehensive understanding of LOC eating and inform treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y Chen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Yongtaek Oh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Kounios
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Lowe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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5
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Forester G, Johnson JS, Reilly EE, Lloyd EC, Johnson E, Schaefer LM. Back to the future: Progressing memory research in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:2032-2048. [PMID: 37594119 PMCID: PMC10843822 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human behaviors, thoughts, and emotions are guided by memories of the past. Thus, there can be little doubt that memory plays a fundamental role in the behaviors (e.g., binging), thoughts (e.g., body-image concerns), and emotions (e.g., guilt) that characterize eating disorders (EDs). Although a growing body of research has begun to investigate the role of memory in EDs, this literature is limited in numerous ways and has yet to be integrated into an overarching framework. METHODS In the present article, we provide an operational framework for characterizing different domains of memory, briefly review existing ED memory research within this framework, and highlight crucial gaps in the literature. RESULTS We distinguish between three domains of memory-episodic, procedural, and working-which differ based on functional attributes and underlying neural systems. Most recent ED memory research has focused on procedural memory broadly defined (e.g., reinforcement learning), and findings within all three memory domains are highly mixed. Further, few studies have attempted to assess these different domains simultaneously, though most behavior is achieved through coordination and competition between memory systems. We, therefore, offer recommendations for how to move ED research forward within each domain of memory and how to study the interactions between memory systems, using illustrative examples from other areas of basic and clinical research. DISCUSSION A stronger and more integrated understanding of the mechanisms that connect memory of past experiences to present ED behavior may yield more comprehensive theoretical models of EDs that guide novel treatment approaches. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Memories of previous eating-related experiences may contribute to the onset and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). However, research on the role of memory in EDs is limited, and distinct domains of ED memory research are rarely connected. We, therefore, offer a framework for organizing, progressing, and integrating ED memory research, to provide a better foundation for improving ED treatment and intervention going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Forester
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Johnson
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Erin E. Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - E. Caitlin Lloyd
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Johnson
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Lauren M. Schaefer
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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6
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Tanis J, Martijn C, Vroling MS, Maas J, Keijsers GPJ. Reducing binge eating through behavioral-focused versus emotion-focused implementation intentions in patients with binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa: An experimental approach. Behav Res Ther 2023; 169:104399. [PMID: 37672830 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are characterized by recurrent binge eating, episodes of consuming large amounts of food in a discrete period of time associated with a loss of control. Implementation intentions are explicit if-then plans that engender goal-directed action, and rely less on cognitive control than standard treatment options. In a sample with BED and BN, we compared two implementation intention conditions to a control condition. In the behavior-focused condition, implementation intentions targeted binge eating behaviors. In the emotion-focused condition, implementation intentions targeted negative affect preceding binge eating. In the control condition, only goal intentions were set. Each condition comprised three sessions. Participants kept food diaries for four weeks. Compared to the control condition both implementation intention conditions showed significant and large reductions of binge eating that persisted for six months. Effects did not differ between the behavior-focused and emotion-focused implementation intention conditions. These results demonstrate that three sessions on implementation intention formation can lead to long-term reductions in binge eating in patients with BED or BN. Learning how to form implementation intentions seems a recommendable addition to the current standard treatment. Future research could investigate the added value of fully personalized implementation intentions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NL52600.068.15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorg Tanis
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Carolien Martijn
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje S Vroling
- GGNet Amarum, Expert Centre for Eating Disorders, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce Maas
- GGZ Oost-Brabant, Center for Eating Disorders, Helmond, the Netherlands
| | - Ger P J Keijsers
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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7
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Colton E, Wilson KE, Chong TTJ, Verdejo-Garcia A. Dysfunctional decision-making in binge-eating disorder: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105250. [PMID: 37263530 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) involves anticipatory craving and urges, subjective loss-of-control during binge-eating episodes, and post-feeding psychological distress and guilt. Evidence indicates neurocognitive dysfunctions contribute to BED onset, maintenance, and treatment response. However, an integrated understanding of how cognitive processes underpin BED symptomology is lacking. We utilised a multi-stage decision-making model defining ten cognitive processes underpinning Preference Formation, Choice Implementation, Feedback Processing, and Flexibility/Shifting, to comprehensively review research published since 2013. We used preregistered PICOS criteria to assess 1966 articles identified from PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus database searches. This yielded 50 studies reporting behavioural cognitive tasks outcomes, comparing individuals with BED to controls with normal and higher weight. Meta-analyses revealed a unique profile of cognitive dysfunctions that spanned all decision-making stages. Significant deficits were evident in Uncertainty Evaluation, Attentional Inhibition, Choice Consistency, and Cognitive Flexibility/Set-shifting. We propose a novel model of dysfunctional decision-making processes in BED and describe their role in binge-eating behaviour. We further highlight the potential for cognitive interventions to target these processes and address the significant treatment gap in BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Colton
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Kira-Elise Wilson
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor T-J Chong
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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8
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Murray SB, Alba C, Duval CJ, Nagata JM, Cabeen RP, Lee DJ, Toga AW, Siegel SJ, Jann K. Aberrant functional connectivity between reward and inhibitory control networks in pre-adolescent binge eating disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3869-3878. [PMID: 35301976 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral features of binge eating disorder (BED) suggest abnormalities in reward and inhibitory control. Studies of adult populations suggest functional abnormalities in reward and inhibitory control networks. Despite behavioral markers often developing in children, the neurobiology of pediatric BED remains unstudied. METHODS 58 pre-adolescent children (aged 9-10-years) with BED (mBMI = 25.05; s.d. = 5.40) and 66 age, BMI and developmentally matched control children (mBMI = 25.78; s.d. = 0.33) were extracted from the 3.0 baseline (Year 0) release of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. We investigated group differences in resting-state functional MRI functional connectivity (FC) within and between reward and inhibitory control networks. A seed-based approach was employed to assess nodes in the reward [orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), nucleus accumbens, amygdala] and inhibitory control [dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)] networks via hypothesis-driven seed-to-seed analyses, and secondary seed-to-voxel analyses. RESULTS Findings revealed reduced FC between the dlPFC and amygdala, and between the ACC and OFC in pre-adolescent children with BED, relative to controls. These findings indicating aberrant connectivity between nodes of inhibitory control and reward networks were corroborated by the whole-brain FC analyses. CONCLUSIONS Early-onset BED may be characterized by diffuse abnormalities in the functional synergy between reward and cognitive control networks, without perturbations within reward and inhibitory control networks, respectively. The decreased capacity to regulate a reward-driven pursuit of hedonic foods, which is characteristic of BED, may in part, rest on this dysconnectivity between reward and inhibitory control networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Celina Alba
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina J Duval
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan P Cabeen
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Darrin J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kay Jann
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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9
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Russell J, Hunt GE. Oxytocin and eating disorders: Knowledge gaps and future directions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 154:106290. [PMID: 37178641 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders continue to be a major public health issue and important cause of morbidity and premature mortality, particularly for young people. Yet in a concerning dialectic, this occurs in the context of an epidemic of obesity which, with its medical complications, constitutes another vexing public health challenge. While it is not an eating disorder per se obesity is often comorbid with eating disorders. Effective treatment for both eating disorders and obesity has proven to be elusive and in the search for novel therapeutic interventions, the prosocial, anxiolytic, brain plasticity and metabolic effects of oxytocin (OT) have been examined from this perspective. The availability of intranasal oxytocin (IN-OT) has led to a number of interventional treatment studies in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), their atypical and subclinical forms and in medical and psychiatric conditions co-occurring or comorbid with these, obesity with BED would be included here. The aim of this mini review is to collate recent findings on OT as a novel therapeutic intervention in eating disorders and obesity and to identify and address some of the knowledge gaps in the use of IN-OT. The wider clinical perspective utilised here might better address some of the gaps and identify future directions of research. Clearly much remains to be done for OT to fulfil its therapeutic promise in eating disorders. OT might yet be of therapeutic promise and will be appreciated where treatment advances have been hard to come by and prevention challenging for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Russell
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Marie Bashir Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Area Health Service, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Glenn E Hunt
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Speciality of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
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10
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Hildebrandt BA, Fisher H, LaPalombara Z, Young ME, Ahmari SE. Corticostriatal dynamics underlying components of binge-like consumption of palatable food in mice. Appetite 2023; 183:106462. [PMID: 36682623 PMCID: PMC9974784 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating (BE) is a maladaptive repetitive feeding behavior present across nearly all eating disorder diagnoses. Despite the substantial negative impact of BE on psychological and physiological health, its underlying neural mechanisms are largely unknown. Other repetitive behavior disorders (e.g., obsessive compulsive disorder) show dysfunction within corticostriatal circuitry. However, to date, no work has investigated the in vivo neural dynamics underlying corticostriatal activity during BE episodes. The aim of the current study was to longitudinally examine in vivo neural activity within corticostriatal regions - the infralimbic cortex (IL) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS)- in a robust pre-clinical model for BE. Female C57BL6/J mice (N = 32) were randomized to receive: 1) intermittent (daily, 2-h) binge-like access to palatable food (sweetened condensed milk) (BE), or 2) continuous, non-intermittent (24-h) access to palatable food (control). In vivo calcium imaging was performed via fiber photometry at baseline and after chronic (4 weeks) engagement in the model for BE. Specific consummatory behaviors (feeding bout onset/offset) during recordings were captured using lickometers which generated TTL outputs for precise alignment of behavior to neural data. IL showed no specific changes in neural activity related to BE. However, BE animals showed decreased DLS activity at feeding onset and offset at the chronic timepoint when compared to activity at the baseline timepoint. Additionally, BE mice had significantly lower DLS activity at feeding onset and offset at the chronic timepoint compared to control mice. These results point to a role for DLS hypofunction in chronic BE, highlighting a potential target for future treatment intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britny A Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Hayley Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zoe LaPalombara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Michael E Young
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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11
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Parker MN, Burton Murray H, Piers AD, Muratore A, Lowe MR, Manasse SM, Ayaz H, Juarascio AS. Prefrontal cortex activation by binge-eating status in individuals with obesity while attempting to reappraise responses to food using functional near infrared spectroscopy. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:34. [PMID: 36995567 PMCID: PMC10063505 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Difficulty reappraising drives to consume palatable foods may promote poorer inhibition and binge eating (BE) in adults with obesity, but neural underpinnings of food-related reappraisal are underexamined. METHODS To examine neural correlates of food-related reappraisal, adults with obesity with and without BE wore a portable neuroimaging tool, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). fNIRS measured activity in the prefrontal cortex while participants watched videos of food and attempt to "resist" the food stimuli (i.e., "consider the negative consequences of eating the food"). RESULTS Participants (N = 32, 62.5% female; BMI 38.6 [Formula: see text] 7.1; 43.5 [Formula: see text] 13.4 y) had a BMI > 30 kg/m2. Eighteen adults (67.0% female; BMI 38.2 [Formula: see text] 7.6) reported BE (≥ 12 BE-episodes in preceding 3 months). The control group comprised 14 adults who denied BE (64.0% female; BMI 39.2 [Formula: see text] 6.6). Among the entire sample, mixed models showed significant, small hyperactivation during crave and resist compared to watch (relax) condition bilaterally in the medial superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral areas, and middle frontal gyrus (optodes 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12) in the total sample. No statistically significant differences in neural activation were observed between the BE and control group. Moreover, there were no significant group by condition interactions on neural activation. CONCLUSION Among adults with obesity, BE status was not linked to differential activation in inhibitory prefrontal cortex areas during a food-related reappraisal task. Future research is needed with larger samples, adults without obesity, and inhibition paradigms with both behavioral and cognitive components. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION # NCT03113669, date April 13, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Parker
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The WELL Center, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helen Burton Murray
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- The WELL Center, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amani D Piers
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Lowe
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Hasan Ayaz
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Drexel Solutions Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adrienne S Juarascio
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The WELL Center, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Brassard SL, Laliberte M, MacKillop J, Balodis IM. Disgust sensitivity and behavioural inhibitory systems in binge eating disorder: associations with eating pathology. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:15. [PMID: 36805341 PMCID: PMC9941244 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Disgust sensitivity refers to how unpleasant a disgusting experience is to an individual and is involved in the development of many psychiatric conditions. Given its link with food ingestion, there is an interest in understanding how an individual's susceptibility to disgust relates to dietary habits. One possible mechanism giving rise to this association is through the effects negative emotions have on high-order cognitive processes, but few studies take this model into account. The aim of this study was to characterize general disgust sensitivity in a clinical binge eating disorder (BED) population, and explore whether disgust sensitivity relates to inhibitory control and eating pathology. Following a case-controlled study design, our results show that: (1) disgust sensitivity and its subscales do not differ between BED and healthy controls, (2) higher disgust sensitivity in BED relates to greater behavioural inhibition, (3) inhibitory control reaction times relate to aspects of eating pathology, and (4) inhibitory control does not mediate relationships between disgust sensitivity and BMI among participants with BED. Understanding the role of disgust sensitivity in BED may allow us to understand how negative emotion systems maintain dysregulated eating behaviours with the potential to inform emotion-regulation treatment approaches. Level of evidence: Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Brassard
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michele Laliberte
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada.,Eating Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada. .,Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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13
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An exploratory study of functional brain activation underlying response inhibition in major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280215. [PMID: 36608051 PMCID: PMC9821521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control is associated with impulsive and harmful behaviours, such as substance abuse and suicidal behaviours, as well as major depressive disorder (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The association between MDD and BPD is partially explained by shared pathological personality traits, which may be underpinned by aspects of cognitive control, such as response inhibition. The neural basis of response inhibition in MDD and BPD is not fully understood and could illuminate factors that differentiate between the disorders and that underlie individual differences in cross-cutting pathological traits. In this study, we sought to explore the neural correlates of response inhibition in MDD and BPD, as well as the pathological personality trait domains contained in the ICD-11 personality disorder model. We measured functional brain activity underlying response inhibition on a Go/No-Go task using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 55 female participants recruited into three groups: MDD without comorbid BPD (n = 16), MDD and comorbid BPD (n = 18), and controls with neither disorder (n = 21). Whereas response-inhibition-related activation was observed bilaterally in frontoparietal cognitive control regions across groups, there were no group differences in activation or significant associations between activation in regions-of-interest and pathological personality traits. The findings highlight potential shared neurobiological substrates across diagnoses and suggest that the associations between individual differences in neural activation and pathological personality traits may be small in magnitude. Sufficiently powered studies are needed to elucidate the associations between the functional neural correlates of response inhibition and pathological personality trait domains.
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14
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Sampedro-Piquero P, Zancada-Menéndez C, Bernabéu-Brotons E, Moreno-Fernández RD. The Relationship between Binge Drinking and Binge Eating in Adolescence and Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:232. [PMID: 36612554 PMCID: PMC9819376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence and youth are critical periods in which alcohol consumption is usually initiated, especially in the form of binge drinking. In recent years, it is increasingly common to find adolescents and young people who also present binge behaviors towards unhealthy food with the aim of alleviating their anxiety (emotional eating) and/or because of impulsive personality. Despite the social and health relevance of this issue, it remains scarcely studied and more preventive research needs to be developed. Our meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the relationship and co-occurrence of both binge behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood to clarify the link between binge drinking and eating. Selective literature search on different online databases was performed. We identified discrete but significant results regarding the direct association between binge drinking and binge eating in correlation coefficients and odds ratio. Future research should focus on the common psychological background and motives behind these problematic behaviors owing to their clinical implications for effective prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sampedro-Piquero
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Zancada-Menéndez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Elena Bernabéu-Brotons
- Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Román D. Moreno-Fernández
- Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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15
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Isham EA, Lomayesva S, Teng J. Time estimation and passage of time judgment predict eating behaviors during COVID-19 lockdown. Front Psychol 2022; 13:961092. [PMID: 36081727 PMCID: PMC9444799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor eating habits often lead to health concerns. While mental health conditions such as stress and anxiety have been linked as predictors for eating behaviors, cognitive factors may also contribute to eating practices during the early stages of the mandatory COVID-19 lockdown. In the current study, participants responded to a survey that asked them to judge the passing of time (PoTJ) and to produce short intervals (via a time production task) as an index of the internal clock speed. Additionally, they responded to questions about snacking frequency and the tendency to overeat during lockdown. We observed that those who judged time to pass slowly also reported a greater tendency to snack and overeat during the pandemic. Additional analysis also revealed that the effect of PoTJ on snacking is moderated by the internal clock speed such that those who felt time was passing by slowly, and in combination with a faster internal clock (as indexed by shorter duration production), had a greater tendency to snack. The results suggest that different aspects of temporal cognition play potential roles in influencing different types of eating behaviors. Our findings therefore have implications for eating disorders, along with the potential of time-based intervention or behavioral modification approaches.
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16
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Likhitweerawong N, Louthrenoo O, Boonchooduang N, Tangwijitsakul H, Srisurapanont M. Bidirectional prediction between weight status and executive function in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13458. [PMID: 35508917 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the predictability of child weight status on executive function (EF) and vice versa. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and EMBASE for longitudinal studies conducted in children and adolescents on October 31, 2021. A pairwise meta-analysis was performed using a frequentist random-effects approach. The quality of all included studies was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and GRADE assessments. This study included 18 longitudinal studies (N = 30,101). Overall executive functioning was a significant negative predictor of child weight status (pooled beta coefficient = -0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.22 to -0.07]; I2 = 97%). The pooled odds ratio also revealed that high EF children had a significant lower risk for developing overweight/obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% CI [0.59 to 0.87]; I2 = 72%). Conversely, child weight status was a significant negative predictor of overall executive functioning (pooled beta coefficient = -0.06; 95% CI [-0.12 to -0.01]; I2 = 81%). These results suggest a bidirectional prediction between child weight status and EF. These predictabilities are low but potentially beneficial for implementation in childcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narueporn Likhitweerawong
- Division of Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Orawan Louthrenoo
- Division of Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nonglak Boonchooduang
- Division of Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hathaipohn Tangwijitsakul
- Division of Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Manit Srisurapanont
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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17
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Executive Functions in Overweight and Obese Treatment-Seeking Patients: Cross-Sectional Data and Longitudinal Perspectives. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060777. [PMID: 35741662 PMCID: PMC9220982 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that a higher body weight may be linked to cognitive impairment in different domains involving executive/frontal functioning. However, challenging results are also available. Accordingly, our study was designed to verify whether (i) poor executive functions are related to a higher body weight and (ii) executive functioning could contribute to weight loss in treatment-seeking overweight and obese patients. METHODS We examined general executive functioning, inhibitory control, verbal fluency, and psychomotor speed in a sample including 104 overweight and obese patients. Forty-eight normal-weight subjects participated in the study as controls. RESULTS Univariate Analysis of Variance showed that obese patients obtained lower scores than overweight and normal-weight subjects in all executive measures, except for errors in the Stroop test. However, when sociodemographic variables entered the model as covariates, no between-group difference was detected. Furthermore, an adjusted multiple linear regression model highlighted no relationship between weight loss and executive scores at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further evidence for the lack of association between obesity and the executive domains investigated. Conflicting findings from previous literature may likely be due to the unchecked confounding effects exerted by sociodemographic variables and inclusion/exclusion criteria.
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18
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French EN, Eneva K, Arlt JM, Yiu A, Chen EY. Negative mood induction effects on problem-solving task in women with eating disorders: a multi-method examination. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:73. [PMID: 35598002 PMCID: PMC9123706 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of negative affect on problem-solving and its psychophysiological correlates are poorly understood in eating disorder populations. METHODS This study examined respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and skin conductance responses of women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED: n = 56), Anorexia Nervosa (AN: n = 12), Bulimia Nervosa (BN: n = 32), and 24 healthy controls (HCs) at baseline, and then during: a negative mood induction task, an adapted Means Ends Problem-Solving (MEPS) task, and recovery. The MEPS task included four interpersonal scenarios: (1) binge-eating as a solution to stress, (2) job loss, (3) rejection by friends, and (4) by a significant other. RESULTS We found that individuals with eating disorders reported less positive mood than HCs and individuals with BN and BED reported more negative mood and greater urges to binge than HCs. After a negative mood induction, women with BED provided significantly less effective problem-solving strategies compared to HCs and women with BN for the binge-eating MEPS scenario. Relative to baseline and the negative mood induction, all participants exhibited significantly higher skin conductance measures throughout the MEPS scenarios and recovery. BED showed significantly lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) levels than individuals with BN and HCs throughout the protocol. CONCLUSIONS The multimethod findings suggest individuals with BED are likely to have disorder-specific problem-solving difficulties after a negative mood induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan N French
- Temple Eating Disorders Program, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Kalina Eneva
- Temple Eating Disorders Program, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Jean M Arlt
- Temple Eating Disorders Program, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Angelina Yiu
- Temple Eating Disorders Program, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Eunice Y Chen
- Temple Eating Disorders Program, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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19
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Arend I, Beeri MS, Yuen K. Choices of (in)action in obesity: Implications for research on treatment and prevention. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:988495. [PMID: 36304561 PMCID: PMC9592758 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.988495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has crossed social-demographic barriers and is a matter of significant concern. Why do individuals fail to restrain from eating high-calorie foods and fail to follow treatment routines that reduce the risk of health complications? These questions have been addressed through behavioral and brain imaging studies on prefrontal cortex inhibitory mechanisms. Failure to inhibit undesirable behaviors has become a hallmark of obesity. In many life situations, obesity risk is increased by inaction (e.g., not taking blood pressure medication, not following a healthy diet). Risk by inaction has been defined as passive risk-taking, and it is correlated with traits such as procrastination, future time perspective, and cognitive avoidance. To the present, passive tendencies, specifically in the context of risk-taking behaviors, have not been addressed in the obesity literature. We introduce a framework in which active and passive risk-taking behaviors are integrated within the scope of bidirectional models of obesity that describe the brain as both the cause and the consequence of obesity vulnerability. The present perspective aims to foster new research on treatment and prevention, and also on the neurobiology of passive behaviors in obesity and other metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Arend
- The Joseph Sagol Center for Neuroscience, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Center for Neuroscience, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth Yuen
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Iceta S, Rodrigue C, Legendre M, Daoust J, Flaudias V, Michaud A, Bégin C. Cognitive function in binge eating disorder and food addiction: A systematic review and three-level meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110400. [PMID: 34256024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An extensive body of recent research has focused on the contribution of cognitive functioning to eating behaviors. In binge eating disorder (BED) and food addiction (FA), the extent of cognitive impairment is still unclear. This study aimed to characterize, among those with BED and FA, neurocognitive functions using performances based on neuropsychological tasks in the context of neutral stimuli in adults. METHOD MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL and gray literature (ProQuest and OpenGrey) were used to identify studies that reported neurocognitive assessments in BED or FA up to December 2019. A three-level meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS A significant overall effect was found for global cognitive impairments, suggesting that individuals with BED or FA have poorer performances when completing cognitive tasks. Analyses for specific cognitive domains revealed that individuals with BED showed poorer performances at tasks assessing cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, attention and planning. Analyses regarding FA were inconclusive due to a lack of studies. Thus, the results were described qualitatively. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis highlighted the cognitive weaknesses that seem to come with BED and the necessity to integrate them in the assessment and treatment of this condition. It also stressed the lack of quality studies surrounding the cognitive features of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Iceta
- Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Integrated Center of Obesity, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, France; CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Christopher Rodrigue
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Maxime Legendre
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Justine Daoust
- Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Andreanne Michaud
- Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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21
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Brassard SL, Balodis IM. A review of effort-based decision-making in eating and weight disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110333. [PMID: 33905755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Effort-based decision-making provides a framework to understand the mental computations estimating the amount of work ("effort") required to obtain a reward. The aim of the current review is to systematically synthesize the available literature on effort-based decision-making across the spectrum of eating and weight disorders. More specifically, the current review summarises the literature examining whether 1) individuals with eating disorders and overweight/obesity are willing to expend more effort for rewards compared to healthy controls, 2) if particular components of effort-based decision-making (i.e. risk, discounting) relate to specific binge eating conditions, and 3) how individual differences in effort and reward -processing measures relate to eating pathology and treatment measures. A total of 96 studies were included in our review, following PRISMA guidelines. The review suggests that individuals with binge eating behaviours 1) are more likely to expend greater effort for food rewards, but not monetary rewards, 2) demonstrate greater decision-making impairments under risk and uncertainty, 3) prefer sooner rather than delayed rewards for both food and money, and 4) demonstrate increased implicit 'wanting' for high fat sweet foods. Finally, individual differences in effort and reward -processing measures relating to eating pathology and treatment measures are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Brassard
- Department of Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada; Peter Boris Center for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Department of Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada; Peter Boris Center for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada.
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22
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Carr MM, Wiedemann AA, Macdonald-Gagnon G, Potenza MN. Impulsivity and compulsivity in binge eating disorder: A systematic review of behavioral studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110318. [PMID: 33794320 PMCID: PMC8222068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating disorder (BED) often includes impulsive and compulsive behaviors related to eating behavior and food. Impulsivity and compulsivity generally may contribute to the etiology and maintenance of multiple psychiatric disorders including BED. This review aimed to identify and synthesize available behavioral studies of impulsivity and compulsivity among individuals with BED. METHOD A systematic search was performed focusing on BED and specific facets of impulsivity (rapid response and choice) and compulsivity (set-shifting, cognitive flexibility, and/or habit learning). All case-control studies comparing adults with either full-threshold or subthreshold BED to individuals with normal weight, overweight/obesity, or other eating disorders (e.g., bulimia nervosa) were included. RESULTS Thirty-two studies representing 29 unique samples met inclusion criteria. Increased choice impulsivity was observed among individuals with BED relative to individuals with normal weight. There were mixed findings and/or a lack of available evidence regarding rapid response impulsivity and compulsivity. The presence of between-group differences was not dependent on sample characteristics (e.g., full or sub threshold BED diagnosis, or treatment-seeking status). Heterogeneity relating to covariates, task methodologies, and power limited conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Literature supports a postive association between choice impulsivity and BED. More research is needed to determine if individuals with BED demonstrate elevated levels of either rapid response impulsivity or types of compulsivity. Careful selection of covariates and consideration of task methodologies and power would aid future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan M Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Ashley A Wiedemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Grace Macdonald-Gagnon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, 100 Great Meadow Rd, Wethersfield, CT 06109, United States of America; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, One Church Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America.
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23
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Bickel WK, Freitas-Lemos R, Tomlinson DC, Craft WH, Keith DR, Athamneh LN, Basso JC, Epstein LH. Temporal discounting as a candidate behavioral marker of obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:307-329. [PMID: 34358579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although obesity is a result of processes operating at multiple levels, most forms result from decision-making behavior. The aim of this review was to examine the candidacy of temporal discounting (TD) (i.e. the reduction in the value of a reinforcer as a function of the delay to its receipt) as a behavioral marker of obesity. For this purpose, we assessed whether TD has the ability to: identify risk for obesity development, diagnose obesity, track obesity progression, predict treatment prognosis/outcomes, and measure treatment effectiveness. Three databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched using a combination of terms related to TD and obesity. A total of 153 papers were reviewed. Several areas show strong evidence of TD's predictive utility as a behavioral marker of obesity (e.g., distinguishing obese from non obese). However, other areas have limited and/or mixed evidence (e.g., predicting weight change). Given the positive relationship for TD in the majority of domains examined, further consideration for TD as a behavioral marker of obesity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren K Bickel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | | | - Devin C Tomlinson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - William H Craft
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Diana R Keith
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Liqa N Athamneh
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Julia C Basso
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Leonard H Epstein
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Waltmann M, Herzog N, Horstmann A, Deserno L. Loss of control over eating: A systematic review of task based research into impulsive and compulsive processes in binge eating. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:330-350. [PMID: 34280427 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recurring episodes of excessive food intake in binge eating disorder can be understood through the lens of behavioral control systems: patients repeat maladaptive behaviors against their explicit intent. Self-report measures show enhanced impulsivity and compulsivity in binge eating (BE) but are agnostic as to the processes that might lead to impulsive and compulsive behavior in the moment. Task-based neurocognitive investigations can tap into those processes. In this systematic review, we synthesize neurocognitive research on behavioral impulsivity and compulsivity in BE in humans and animals, published between 2010-2020. Findings on impulsivity are heterogeneous. Findings on compulsivity are sparse but comparatively consistent, indicating an imbalance of goal-directed and habitual control as well as deficits in reversal learning. We urge researchers to address heterogeneity related to mood states and the temporal dynamics of symptoms, to systematically differentiate contributions of body weight and BE, and to ascertain the validity and reliability of tasks. Moreover, we propose to further scrutinize the compulsivity findings to unravel the computational mechanisms of a potential reinforcement learning deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Waltmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz1, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nadine Herzog
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lorenz Deserno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz1, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Rania M, Aloi M, de Filippis R, Carbone EA, Caroleo M, De Fazio P, Segura-Garcia C. Executive functions and depressive symptoms interplay in binge eating disorder: A structural equation model analysis. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2021; 29:811-819. [PMID: 34254393 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Executive functions (EF) have been so far investigated as potential endophenotypes for binge eating disorder (BED). However, major critical limitations in previous research, such as the influence of obesity and comorbid depression, prevented any consensus to be reached. The present study investigated the association between depressive symptoms, a broad range of EF and binge eating severity in individuals with obesity and with/without BED, and whether this association may be explained by a mediation or independency model. METHOD One hundred and seven participants completed clinical and psychometric examination. Associations between EF, depressive symptoms and binge eating severity were assessed through bivariate correlation analysis, and the magnitude, as well as the direction of associations between variables, was estimated with structural equation model. RESULTS Two reliable models were tested; results showed that depressive symptoms exhibited significant direct and indirect effects on the severity of binge eating; conversely, EF did not show either significant direct or indirect effect on binge eating severity. CONCLUSION Depression contributes more than EF to psychopathology of BED. Thus, clinicians should routinely assess and, eventually, tailor depressive symptoms in treatment to improve the outcomes of patients with BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Rania
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Aloi
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Renato de Filippis
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariarita Caroleo
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Segura-Garcia
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Mestre-Bach G, Fernández-Aranda F, Jiménez-Murcia S, Potenza MN. Decision-Making in Gambling Disorder, Problematic Pornography Use, and Binge-Eating Disorder: Similarities and Differences. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2021; 7:97-108. [PMID: 33585161 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-020-00212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The present review attempts to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the neurocognitive mechanisms of gambling disorder (GD), problematic pornography use (PPU) and binge-eating disorder (BED), focusing specifically on decision-making processes. Recent findings GD, PPU and BED have been associated with decision-making impairments both under risk and ambiguity. Features such as intelligence, emotions, social variables, cognitive distortions, comorbidities, or arousal may condition decision-making processes in these individuals. Summary Impairments in decision-making seem to be a shared transdiagnostic feature of these disorders We also hypothesized the EG relative to the NEG group would demonstrate weaker relationships between problem-gambling severity and health/functioning measures (e.g., substance use) and gambling behaviors (e.g., more time spent gambling) given that EG would account for some of the variance in the relationships between ARPG and these measures. However, there is varying support for the degree to which different features may affect decision-making. Therefore, the study of decision-making processes can provide crucial evidence for understanding addictions and other disorders with addiction-like symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry. Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry. Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry. Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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27
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Gowey MA, Neumeier WH, Henry S, Wadley VG, Phillips J, Hayden KM, Espeland MA, Coday M, Lewis CE, Dutton GR. Executive function in individuals with clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention. Obes Sci Pract 2021; 7:25-34. [PMID: 33680489 PMCID: PMC7909588 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive function (EF) is associated with obesity development and self-management. Individuals who demonstrate or self-report poorer EF performance tend to have poorer short-term outcomes in obesity treatment. There may be distinct behavioral self-management strategies and EF domains related to initial weight loss as compared to weight loss maintenance. OBJECTIVE To characterize EF in individuals who achieved clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention and examine potential differences in EF between those who maintained versus regained lost weight. METHODS Participants who previously achieved ≥5% weight loss via lifestyle intervention were included (N = 44). "Maintainers" (n = 16) maintained this minimum level of weight loss for ≥1 year. "Regainers" (n = 28) regained some or all initially lost weight. Performance-based EF, intelligence quotient, health literacy, depression, anxiety, binge eating, demographics, and medical/weight history were assessed using a cross-sectional design. Descriptive statistics and age-, gender-, education-adjusted reference ranges were used to characterize EF. Analyses of covariance were conducted to examine EF differences between maintainers and regainers. RESULTS The sample consisted primarily of females with obesity over age 50. Approximately half self-identified as African-American. Decision-making performance was better in maintainers than regainers (p = 0.003, partη2 = 0.19). There were no differences between maintainers and regainers in inhibitory control, verbal fluency, planning/organization, cognitive flexibility, or working memory (ps > 0.05, partη2s = 0.003-0.07). At least 75% of the sample demonstrated average-above average EF test performance, indicated by scaled scores ≥13 or t-scores > 60. CONCLUSIONS Most individuals with obesity who achieved clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention had average to above average EF. Individuals who maintained (vs. regained) their lost weight performed better on tests of decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William H. Neumeier
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusettsUSA
| | - Samantha Henry
- Department of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mace Coday
- University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
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La Barrie D, Hardy RA, Clendinen C, Jain J, Bradley B, Teer AP, Michopoulos V, Vance LA, Hinrichs R, Jovanovic T, Fani N. Maternal influences on binge eating behaviors in children. Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113600. [PMID: 33290943 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating in childhood has been linked to adverse future health outcomes. Parental factors, such as parents' emotion regulation and executive functioning, are likely to influence children's self-regulatory behaviors, including eating. Executive functioning describes a range of higher-order cognitive functions such as planning, abstraction, inhibitory control and working memory, which involves the ability to learn, update and manipulate new information while managing distractions. No studies have examined associations between maternal emotion regulation and executive functioning and the child's maladaptive eating patterns, which was the goal of the present study. Forty-eight mother and child pairs completed self-report clinical measures of emotion dysregulation and attentional control, and mothers completed a brief neuropsychological battery, which included executive functioning measures. Child's disordered eating was measured with the Child Binge Eating Disorder Scale. Linear regression results indicated that mother's performance on a working memory task and child's emotion dysregulation was significantly associated with child's binge eating symptoms (R 2 = 0.34). These data, which reveal that maternal executive functioning is associated with self-regulatory behaviors in children, indicate a possible mechanism through which maladaptive eating behaviors may emerge early in development. This relationship merits further exploration in larger-scale prospective intergenerational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique La Barrie
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States.
| | - Raven A Hardy
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States.
| | - Cherita Clendinen
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States.
| | - Jahnvi Jain
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States.
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States; Atlanta VA Medical Center, United States.
| | - Andrew P Teer
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States.
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - L Alexander Vance
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Rebecca Hinrichs
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States.
| | | | - Negar Fani
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States.
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Using virtual reality to train inhibitory control and reduce binge eating: A proof-of-concept study. Appetite 2020; 157:104988. [PMID: 33049341 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One reason for limited efficacy of treatments for binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) is a failure to directly target deficits in inhibitory control (i.e., the ability to withhold a pre-potent response). Inhibitory control trainings (ICTs; computerized tasks meant to improve inhibitory control) have shown promise but appear not to be powerful enough to generalize to real-word eating behavior or engaging enough for to sustain long-term compliance. Delivering an ICT through virtual reality (VR) technology should increase intervention power because 3D imagery and actual real hand/arm movements are lifelike and may improve compliance because the VR environment is highly engaging. Thus, we created the first-ever VR-based ICT to test its initial feasibility, acceptability, and impact on binge eating. METHOD We recruited participants (N = 14) with once-weekly loss-of-control (LOC) eating to use the VR ICT daily, at home, for two weeks, and measured feasibility, acceptability and change in LOC eating at post-intervention and 2-week follow-up. RESULTS The VR ICT was feasible to construct and deploy, and demonstrated high acceptability and compliance (i.e., 86.8% of daily trainings completed). Users of the VR ICT experienced large decreases in LOC eating at post-intervention and 2-week follow-up. DISCUSSION Results from this initial pilot indicate that delivering ICT through VR is feasible, acceptable, and is associated with reductions in binge eating. Future study is warranted and should examine whether a VR ICT can serve as a useful adjunct to standard treatment for BN and BED.
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30
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Butryn ML, Martinelli MK, Remmert JE, Roberts SR, Zhang F, Forman EM, Manasse SM. Executive Functioning as a Predictor of Weight Loss and Physical Activity Outcomes. Ann Behav Med 2020; 53:909-917. [PMID: 30689688 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive functioning, which is fundamental for carrying out goal-directed behaviors, may be an underappreciated predictor of outcomes in lifestyle modification programs for adults with obesity. PURPOSE This study tested the hypotheses that higher levels of baseline executive functioning would predict greater weight loss and physical activity after 6 months of behavioral treatment. METHODS Participants (N = 320) were recruited from the community and provided with 16 treatment sessions. Executive functioning was measured with the tower task component of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). At months 0 and 6, weight was measured in the clinic and physical activity was measured with tri-axial accelerometers. RESULTS Baseline D-KEFS achievement score, rule violations, and completion time significantly predicted weight loss at 6 months. For example, among participants without any rule violations (n = 162), weight loss averaged 11.0%, while those with rule violations (n = 158) averaged 8.7% weight loss. Rule violations also significantly predicted physical activity at 6 months. Among participants without any rule violations, physical activity at 6 months averaged 169.8 min/week, versus 127.2 min/week among those with rule violations. CONCLUSIONS Particular aspects of executive functioning may predict the relative ease or difficulty of changing eating and exercise-related behaviors, albeit with small effect sizes. This study is the first to our knowledge to detect a predictive relationship between components of executive functioning and objectively measured physical activity in adult lifestyle modification, and one of the first to predict weight loss in adults using an objective measure of executive functioning. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02363010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Butryn
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fengqing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evan M Forman
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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31
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Cerolini S, Ballesio A, Ferlazzo F, Lucidi F, Lombardo C. Decreased inhibitory control after partial sleep deprivation in individuals reporting binge eating: preliminary findings. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9252. [PMID: 32523814 PMCID: PMC7263292 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor executive functions are associated with dysregulated eating and greater caloric intake in healthy samples. In parallel, findings suggested that sleep deprivation impairs executive functions. Methods We investigated whether partial sleep deprivation impairs executive functions in individuals reporting binge eating (BE, N = 14) and healthy controls (C, N = 13). Switch cost and backward inhibition were measured using the Task Switching Paradigm after a habitual night of sleep and after a night of partial sleep deprivation. Results Results showed a Night by Group interaction on the backward inhibition. The two groups differed in the habitual night, evidencing higher inhibitory control in BE compared to C. Additionally, after partial sleep deprivation, compared to the habitual night, backward inhibition decreased in BE group. This preliminary study was the first to explore the impact of sleep deprivation on executive functions in participants reporting binge eating and healthy controls, thus highlighting their potential role in influencing eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferlazzo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Manasse SM, Lampe EW, Gillikin L, Payne-Reichert A, Zhang F, Juarascio AS, Forman EM. The project REBOOT protocol: Evaluating a personalized inhibitory control training as an adjunct to cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:1007-1013. [PMID: 32221989 PMCID: PMC7283009 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED) are suboptimal. One potential explanation is that CBT fails to adequately target inhibitory control (i.e., the ability to withhold an automatic response), which is a key maintenance factor for binge eating. Computerized inhibitory control training (ICT) is a promising method for improving inhibitory control but is relatively untested in BN/BED. The present study will evaluate a computer-based ICT as an adjunct to CBT for BN/BED. Participants with BN (n = 30) or BED (n = 30) will be randomized to 12 weeks of either CBT + ICT or CBT + a sham training. Trainings will be completed daily for 4 weeks and weekly for 8 weeks. Primary aims include the following: (a) confirm target engagement (evaluate whether ICT improves inhibitory control), (b) test target validation (evaluate whether improvements in inhibitory control are associated with improvements in binge eating), and (c) evaluate the incremental efficacy of ICT on binge eating. Secondary aims include the following: (a) evaluate ICT feasibility and acceptability and (b) assess the moderating effects of approach tendencies on highly palatable food, dietary restraint, and diagnosis. Data will be used to shape a fully powered clinical trial designed to assess efficacy and dose-response effects of ICT for BN/BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Manasse
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth W. Lampe
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lindsay Gillikin
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Payne-Reichert
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fengqing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrienne S. Juarascio
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan M. Forman
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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A review of binge eating disorder and obesity. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT ÖSTERREICHISCHER NERVENÄRZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2020; 35:57-67. [PMID: 32346850 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-020-00346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is a mental illness characterised by recurrent binge eating episodes in the absence of appropriate compensatory behaviours. Consequently, BED is strongly associated with obesity. The current review aims to provide an update of the most relevant aspects of BED (e.g., clinical profile, aetiology and treatment approaches), in order not only to facilitate a better understanding of the disorder and its clinical consequences, but also to identify potential targets of prevention and intervention. Patients with BED often present high comorbidity with other medical conditions and psychiatric disorders. Numerous risk factors have been associated with the development and maintenance of the disorder. Moreover, although some treatments for BED have proven to be effective in addressing different key aspects of the disorder, the rates of patients that have ever received specific treatment for BED are very low. The factors involved and how to implement effective treatments will be discussed for the purpose of addressing the eating symptomatology and comorbid obesity.
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Weight and age do not account for a worse executive functioning among BED-obese patients. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:373-377. [PMID: 30382543 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Research has demonstrated impaired executive functioning among Binge Eating Disorder (BED) patients that could be influenced by age and weight. We aim to compare decision-making, set-shifting and central coherence between BED-obese patients (BED-Ob), non-BED-obese patients (non-BED-Ob), and normal-weight healthy controls (NW-HC) without the influence of these variables. METHODS Overall, 35 BED-Ob, 32 non-BED-Ob and 26 NW-HC participants completed the Iowa Gambling Task, the Trail Making Test and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test. RESULTS BED-Ob patients showed higher cognitive impairment compared to NW-HC on decision-making, set-shifting, visual attention and memory. CONCLUSIONS BED-Ob patients have an impaired cognitive profile on decision-making, set-shifting, visual attention and memory but not impaired central coherence. As all groups were aged-matched and no significant differences between BED-Ob and non-BED-Ob participants were evident, our results demonstrate that this impairment is independent from weight/age, pointing out that it is BED itself to account for inefficiencies in cognitive functioning. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control study.
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Cury MEG, Berberian A, Scarpato BS, Kerr-Gaffney J, Santos FH, Claudino AM. Scrutinizing Domains of Executive Function in Binge Eating Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:288. [PMID: 32362845 PMCID: PMC7181673 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are implicated in theoretical explanatory models for binge eating disorder (BED). Furthermore, evidence suggest that alterations in executive function may underlie symptoms in BED. The current systematic review and meta-analysis provides an update on executive functioning in individuals with BED. METHODS Literature searches (up to November 2019) were conducted in electronic databases combining binge eating or BED with executive functions. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines was used. Studies of any design comparing adults with BED with those without BED in executive function domains were selected. Methodological quality of studies was based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Of 1,983 citations identified, 28 case-control studies met inclusion criteria for this review. Six meta-analyses that examined four domains (decision-making, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory) were conducted. The only meta-analysis to show a significant difference in executive functioning between BED and obese controls was working memory (SMD = 0.32, 95% IC: -0.60, -0.03; p = 0.028), with an effect size of small magnitude. Qualitative inspection of the literature indicated mixed findings for control inhibition, decision making and cognitive flexibility in individuals with BED compared to controls (obese or normal weight). In addition, people with BED showed poorer problem solving performance, but similar planning abilities to obese controls. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with BED were found to show worse performance on working memory tasks compared to obese individuals without the disorder. The findings did not provide definitive evidence of alterations in other aspects of executive functioning. Interest in executive functioning in people with BED is increasing but is limited by insufficient data from small studies with varied methodology. Future studies should focus on using similar tests and outcome measures, in order to enable more pertinent comparisons across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Gisbert Cury
- Eating Disorders Program (PROATA), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur Berberian
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Sini Scarpato
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jess Kerr-Gaffney
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia H Santos
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Angélica Medeiros Claudino
- Eating Disorders Program (PROATA), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Amlung M, Marsden E, Holshausen K, Morris V, Patel H, Vedelago L, Naish KR, Reed DD, McCabe RE. Delay Discounting as a Transdiagnostic Process in Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:1176-1186. [PMID: 31461131 PMCID: PMC6714026 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Delay discounting is a behavioral economic index of impulsive preferences for smaller-immediate or larger-delayed rewards that is argued to be a transdiagnostic process across health conditions. Studies suggest some psychiatric disorders are associated with differences in discounting compared with controls, but null findings have also been reported. OBJECTIVE To conduct a meta-analysis of the published literature on delay discounting in people with psychiatric disorders. DATA SOURCES PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched through December 10, 2018. The psychiatric keywords used were based on DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnostic categories. Collected data were analyzed from December 10, 2018, through June 1, 2019. STUDY SELECTION Following a preregistered Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol, 2 independent raters reviewed titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. English-language articles comparing monetary delay discounting between participants with psychiatric disorders and controls were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Hedges g effect sizes were computed and random-effects models were used for all analyses. Heterogeneity statistics, one-study-removed analyses, and publication bias indices were also examined. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Categorical comparisons of delay discounting between a psychiatric group and a control group. RESULTS The sample included 57 effect sizes from 43 studies across 8 diagnostic categories. Significantly steeper discounting for individuals with a psychiatric disorder compared with controls was observed for major depressive disorder (Hedges g = 0.37; P = .002; k = 7), schizophrenia (Hedges g = 0.46; P = .004; k = 12), borderline personality disorder (Hedges g = 0.60; P < .001; k = 8), bipolar disorder (Hedges g = 0.68; P < .001; k = 4), bulimia nervosa (Hedges g = 0.41; P = .001; k = 4), and binge-eating disorder (Hedges g = 0.34; P = .001; k = 7). In contrast, anorexia nervosa exhibited statistically significantly shallower discounting (Hedges g = -0.30; P < .001; k = 10). Modest evidence of publication bias was indicated by a statistically significant Egger test for schizophrenia and at the aggregate level across studies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this study appear to provide empirical support for delay discounting as a transdiagnostic process across most of the psychiatric disorders examined; the literature search also revealed limited studies in some disorders, notably posttraumatic stress disorder, which is a priority area for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amlung
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Marsden
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine Holshausen
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Morris
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Herry Patel
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lana Vedelago
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine R. Naish
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek D. Reed
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas,Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Randi E. McCabe
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Van Malderen E, Goossens L, Verbeken S, Boelens E, Kemps E. The interplay between self-regulation and affectivity in binge eating among adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1447-1460. [PMID: 30852724 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating among adolescents is associated with negative developmental outcomes. From a cognitive perspective, the role of impaired self-regulation is increasingly emphasized as an underlying factor in binge eating, whereas the affect regulation model proposes that affectivity is a key factor in explaining binge eating. Studies combining both perspectives are scarce, but necessary to add to the understanding of this pathological eating behavior. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate unique and joint contributions of both factors in understanding binge eating among adolescents. Participants were 301 adolescents (10-17 years; 67.2% girls; Mage = 13.46 years; SD = 1.99) from the general community. Adolescents self-reported on different types of binge eating episodes (loss of control over eating in general, objective and subjective binge eating in particular), self-regulation (general self-regulation and inhibitory control) and affectivity (positive and negative). The parents were questioned about their children's self-regulatory capacities. Results revealed main effects of self-regulatory capacities (adolescent report) and negative affectivity in predicting objective binge eating. In addition, negative affectivity interacted with self-regulation (parent report) to predict objective binge eating, whereas positive affectivity interacted with self-regulation (adolescent report) to predict subjective binge eating. No significant effects were found for loss of control over eating specifically. Both self-regulation and affectivity each make unique as well as joint contributions to binge eating among adolescents, with results differing across types of binge eating episodes and informants. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Van Malderen
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lien Goossens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Verbeken
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisa Boelens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Kemps
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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38
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Galasso L, Montaruli A, Mulè A, Castelli L, Bruno E, Caumo A, Esposito F, Roveda E. The multidisciplinary therapy in binge eating disorder is able to influence the interdaily stability and sleep quality? Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1311-1315. [PMID: 31401875 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1650059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that rest-activity circadian rhythm significantly differed in women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) compared to the Ctrl group. In details, patients with BED exhibited significantly reduced levels of MESOR and Amplitude with respect to the Ctrl group. In addition, in this previous study, the results of the actigraphic sleep monitoring provided no evidence of differences in sleep parameters between the two groups. We expanded the original sample obtaining a total of 28 volunteered women, 14 BED women, and 14 Ctrl. We recorded in all 28 participants a 5-day actigraphic monitoring to detect the rhythmometric parameters, interdaily stability, intradaily variability, L5, M10, and sleep parameters. During the study, BED's women group kept an individual multidisciplinary therapy lasting five weekly days, from Monday to Friday, consisting in cognitive-behavioral therapy and nutritional program, administered in outpatient care from 8:00 a.m. at 5:00 p.m. The combination of both our previous and current study supports the conclusion that the sleep quality of the BED group is significantly better compared to Ctrl. The non-parametric indexes showed how interdaily stability, significantly correlated to sleep efficiency, was higher in BED group compared to the Ctrl group, indicating a better synchronization of rest-activity circadian rhythm. In conclusion, the maintenance of a regular lifestyle, such as imposed by the multidisciplinary therapy, is important to avoid alterations in the sleep-wake cycle, particularly in patients with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi , Milan , Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Eleonora Bruno
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Andrea Caumo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi , Milan , Italy
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi , Milan , Italy
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Leslie M, Leppanen J, Paloyelis Y, Nazar BP, Treasure J. The influence of oxytocin on risk-taking in the balloon analogue risk task among women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12771. [PMID: 31283053 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous theoretical models of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) have implicated cross-domain risk-taking behaviour as a significant maintenance factor in both disorders. The present study aimed to test this hypothesis by administering the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) to 25 women with BN or BED and 27 healthy comparison women without a history of an eating disorder. Furthermore, we tested the effect of a divided dose of 64 IU of oxytocin on risk-taking behaviour in the BART. Contrary to our hypothesis, women with BN or BED did not exhibit baseline differences in performance on the BART in the placebo condition (t = 1.42, df = 50, P = 0.161, d = 0.39). Oxytocin did not have a main effect on performance in the BART (F = 0.01, df = 1, P = .907, η2partial < 0.001); however, there was an interaction, such that participants in the BN/BED participant group, compared to the healthy comparison group, demonstrated safer behaviour on the BART in the oxytocin condition, but not in the placebo condition (F = 4.29, df = 1, P = 0.044, η2partial = 0.082). These findings cast doubt on the common assumption that individuals with BN and BED exhibit greater risk-taking behaviour in all domains and add to the evidence that oxytocin plays a functional role in modulating behaviours that entail trade-offs between reward approach and risk in humans. We recommend that future dose-response studies investigate the effect of oxytocin on reward approach behaviour further in women with recurrent binge eating behaviour, as well as the clinical significance of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Leslie
- King's College London (KCL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, UK
| | - Jenni Leppanen
- King's College London (KCL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, UK
| | - Yannis Paloyelis
- King's College London (KCL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, UK
| | - Bruno Palazzo Nazar
- King's College London (KCL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Janet Treasure
- King's College London (KCL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, UK
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40
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Wollenhaupt C, Wilke L, Erim Y, Rauh M, Steins-Loeber S, Paslakis G. The association of leptin secretion with cognitive performance in patients with eating disorders. Psychiatry Res 2019; 276:269-277. [PMID: 31125904 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study is an investigation of neuropsychological performance in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder and hormonal secretion patterns for ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and glucose. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in a cohort of n = 30 female patients suffering from eating disorders as well as n = 20 control females. All participants underwent the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Trail Making Test (TMT), and a go/no-go task using food vs. neutral stimuli. Patients with anorexia nervosa differed from controls in their leptin response to the OGTT. While the four groups under investigation did not differ in neuropsychological performance, we found leptin responses to the OGTT to be associated with performance in the food-specific go/no-go task. These preliminary results may indicate a putative association between leptin concentrations and neuropsychological performance, particularly in measures of inhibitory control. Further studies investigating the role of leptin in impulsive behaviors in eating disorders would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Wollenhaupt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Leonhard Wilke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Manfred Rauh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, Bamberg 96047, Germany
| | - Georgios Paslakis
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8 Canada.
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41
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Dahlgren CL, Hage TW, Wonderlich JA, Stedal K. General and Eating Disorder Specific Flexibility: Development and Validation of the Eating Disorder Flexibility Index (EDFLIX) Questionnaire. Front Psychol 2019; 10:663. [PMID: 31024374 PMCID: PMC6454114 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Findings from studies investigating cognitive flexibility in eating disorders (EDs) are inconsistent, and although neuropsychological tests are commonly used to measure these skills, they may not be particularly effective in predicting everyday functioning. Also, extant studies have largely focused on flexibility in anorexia nervosa (AN), with assessments targeting general rather than specific flexibility, and cognitive, rather than behavioral flexibility. Knowledge regarding ED specific flexibility and flexibility in bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) is still scarce. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel measure assessing general and ED specific flexibility in a diagnostically diverse sample, and in healthy controls (HCs). A sample of 207 adult individuals with EDs (55% AN, 29% BN, 16% BED) and 288 HCs responded to an online, 51-item, pilot questionnaire on ED specific and general flexibility. In addition, participants completed the shift subscale from the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Adult version (BRIEF-A), and the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS). A principal component analysis (PCA) in the clinical sample yielded a 36-item, three-factor solution capturing general flexibility, flexibility related to food and exercise, and flexibility concerning body shape and weight. Results showed that the measure had good to excellent internal consistency, and good convergent validity. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using data from HCs revealed good fit indexes, supporting the original factor solution. A receiver operating characteristics analysis (ROC) demonstrated excellent accuracy in distinguishing scores from those with and without EDs. A cutoff score of 136 yielded the most balanced sensitivity and specificity. Significant differences in general and ED specific flexibility were found between individuals with and without EDs. Overall, HCs achieved the highest flexibility scores, followed by those with BED, BN, and AN. In sum this novel measure, the Eating Disorder Flexibility Index (EDFLIX) questionnaire, was found to be reliable and valid in the assessment of cognitive and behavioral flexibility, with results offering support for the conceptual distinction between general and ED related flexibility. The study also provides strong evidence for the discriminant validity of the EDFLIX with results revealing significant differences in flexibility in people with and without EDs. In addition, significant differences in flexibility also emerged when comparing diagnostic groups, indicating the utility of the assessment instrument for classification purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Lindvall Dahlgren
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Wiig Hage
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kristin Stedal
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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The influence of depressive symptoms on executive functioning in binge eating disorder: A comparison of patients and non-obese healthy controls. Psychiatry Res 2019; 274:138-145. [PMID: 30784782 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Executive functions are a set of cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior. They play a role in mediating self-control, self-regulation and decision-making. It has been suggested that the inability to control eating behavior in binge eating disorder (BED) may indicate deficits in executive functioning. This may be worsened by depressive symptoms. The aim of the present study was to compare executive functioning of patients with BED and no-to-mild depressive symptoms (n = 25), patients with BED and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (n = 66), and healthy controls (Body Mass Index <30) (n = 56), matched on age, educational level and gender. The participants were assessed by means of neuropsychological tests and questionnaires. The neuropsychological tests did not show significant differences in executive functioning between the groups. However, eating disorder psychopathology and depressive symptoms are associated with self-reported difficulties in executive functioning in daily life. A self-report questionnaire which evaluates the functional, real-world impact of executive dysfunction expressed in everyday activities seems to be more useful in this population than neuropsychological tests. This study highlights the importance of taking depressive symptoms into account when studying executive functioning in patients with (binge) eating disorders.
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Fang CT, Chen VCH, Ma HT, Chao HH, Ho MC, Gossop M. Attentional Bias, "Cool" and "Hot" Executive Functions in Obese Patients: Roles of Body Mass Index, Binge Eating, and Eating Style. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2019; 39:145-152. [PMID: 30742591 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND Obesity is recognized as an important risk factor for many chronic diseases and is a major health issue. The current study examined attentional bias to food and the "cool" (inhibitory control and mental flexibility) and "hot" (affective decision making) executive functions (EFs) in obese patients preparing for bariatric surgery. In addition to body mass index (BMI), this study examined the impact of the binge-eating tendency and eating styles. METHODS The study population comprised 21 morbidly obese patients preparing to undergo bariatric surgery (BMI ≥30 kg/m) and 21 normal-weight controls (24 kg/m > BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m). The Visual Probe Task was adopted to examine attentional bias toward food-related cues. The Stop-Signal Task and the Color Trails Test were used to assess inhibitory control and mental flexibility, respectively. The Iowa Gambling Task was administered to assess the affective decision making. RESULTS (1) The obese patients showed poorer performances on cool EFs (for Color Trails Test, P = 0.016, ηp = 0.136; for Stop-Signal Task, P = 0.049, ηp = 0.093) and hot EF (for Iowa Gambling Task, normal controls showed progressed performance, P = 0.012, ηp = 0.077, but obese patients did not show this progress, P = 0.111, ηp = 0.089) compared with the normal controls; (2) participants with low binge-eating tendency had larger attentional biases at 2000 milliseconds than at 200 milliseconds on food-related cues (P = 0.003, ηp = 0.363); and (3) low-restrained participants exhibited attentional bias toward the low-calorie food cues, compared with the high-restrained group (P = 0.009, ηp = 0.158). CONCLUSIONS The current study contributes to the development of a different therapeutic focus on obese patients and binge eaters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hsiang-Ting Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi
| | - Hse-Huang Chao
- Taiwan Center for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Jen-Ai Hospital
| | | | - Michael Gossop
- National Addiction Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Goldschmidt AB, Smith KE, Lavender JM, Engel SG, Haedt-Matt A. Trait-level facets of impulsivity and momentary, naturalistic eating behavior in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 110:24-30. [PMID: 30580080 PMCID: PMC6360116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity, and specific subdomains of inhibitory control and reward sensitivity, are trait-level factors that have been implicated in the onset and maintenance of pediatric obesity and disordered eating, but their associations with real-world eating behavior are unknown. We investigated associations of these trait-level constructs with naturalistic, momentary measures of loss of control (LOC) eating and overeating severity in a heterogeneous sample of youth (n = 40), aged 8-14y, with overweight/obesity. Self-report, parent-report, and behavioral data on trait-level impulsivity, reward sensitivity, and inhibitory control, respectively, were collected in the context of a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol in which participants reported on their eating behavior, mood, hunger, and palatability of foods consumed in real-time. Generalized estimating equations revealed that more perseverative errors on a behavioral measure of visuomotor processing speed and a lower self-reported tendency to act without thinking (at a trend level) were related to greater overall LOC severity. Momentary associations between negative affect and LOC severity were stronger among individuals with greater perseverative errors. Results suggest that trait-level facets of impulsivity may directly influence an individual's tendency to engage in dysregulated eating behaviors, and may also impact susceptibility to state-level factors associated with occurrence of these behaviors. Momentary interventions for LOC eating may require tailoring to address temperamental factors related to impulsivity and inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, 196 Richmond St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Sanford Research, 120 8th St. South, Fargo, ND, 58103, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1919 Elm St. North, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3424 South State St., Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Scott G Engel
- Sanford Research, 120 8th St. South, Fargo, ND, 58103, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1919 Elm St. North, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Alissa Haedt-Matt
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3424 South State St., Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
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Symptoms of ‘food addiction’ in binge eating disorder using the Yale Food Addiction Scale version 2.0. Appetite 2019; 133:362-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kakoschke N, Aarts E, Verdejo-García A. The Cognitive Drivers of Compulsive Eating Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 12:338. [PMID: 30705625 PMCID: PMC6344462 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compulsivity is a central feature of obsessive-compulsive and addictive disorders, which share considerable overlap with excessive eating in terms of repetitive behavior despite negative consequences. Excessive eating behavior is characteristic of several eating-related conditions, including eating disorders [bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED)], obesity, and food addiction (FA). Compulsivity is proposed to be driven by four distinct cognitive components, namely, contingency-related cognitive flexibility, task/attentional set-shifting, attentional bias/disengagement and habit learning. However, it is unclear whether repetitive behavior in eating-related conditions is underpinned by deficits in these cognitive components. The current mini-review synthesizes the available evidence for performance on compulsivity-related cognitive tasks for each cognitive domain among populations with excessive eating behavior. In three of the four cognitive domains, i.e., set-shifting, attentional bias and habit learning, findings were mixed. Evidence more strongly pointed towards impaired contingency-related cognitive flexibility only in obesity and attentional bias/disengagement deficits only in obesity and BED. Overall, the findings of the reviewed studies support the idea that compulsivity-related cognitive deficits are common across a spectrum of eating-related conditions, although evidence was inconsistent or lacking for some disorders. We discuss the theoretical and practical importance of these results, and their implications for our understanding of compulsivity in eating-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kakoschke
- Monash Institute for Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Monash Institute for Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Blume M, Schmidt R, Hilbert A. Executive Functioning in Obesity, Food Addiction, and Binge-Eating Disorder. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010054. [PMID: 30597858 PMCID: PMC6356459 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate food addiction (FA) and binge-eating disorder (BED) in their association to executive dysfunctions in adults with obesity. Data on response inhibition, attention, decision-making, and impulsivity were derived from four groups of adults with obesity: obesity and FA (n = 23), obesity and BED (n = 19), obesity and FA plus BED (FA/BED, n = 23), and a body mass index-, age-, and sex-stratified control group of otherwise healthy individuals with obesity (n = 23, OB), using established computerized neuropsychological tasks. Overall, there were few group differences in neuropsychological profiles. Individuals of the FA group did not differ from the OB group regarding executive functioning. Individuals with BED presented with significantly higher variability in their reaction times and a deficient processing of feedback for performance improvement compared to individuals of the OB group. Strikingly, individuals with FA/BED did not present neuropsychological impairments, but higher levels of depression than all other groups. The results indicated the presence of a BED-specific neuropsychological profile in the obesity spectrum. The additional trait FA was not related to altered executive functioning compared to the OB or BED groups. Future research is needed to discriminate FA and BED further using food-specific tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Blume
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ricarda Schmidt
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Blume M, Schmidt R, Hilbert A. Abnormalities in the EEG power spectrum in bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and obesity: A systematic review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 27:124-136. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Blume
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; University of Leipzig Medical Center; Leipzig Germany
| | - Ricarda Schmidt
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; University of Leipzig Medical Center; Leipzig Germany
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Departments of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology and Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; University of Leipzig Medical Center; Leipzig Germany
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Christensen SS, Bentz M, Clemmensen L, Strandberg‐Larsen K, Olsen EM. Disordered eating behaviours and autistic traits—Are there any associations in nonclinical populations? A systematic review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 27:8-23. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mette Bentz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health CenterMental Health Services Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lars Clemmensen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health CenterMental Health Services Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for TelepsychiatryMental Health Services Region of Southern Denmark
| | | | - Else Marie Olsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Forman EM, Goldstein SP, Flack D, Evans BC, Manasse SM, Dochat C. Promising technological innovations in cognitive training to treat eating-related behavior. Appetite 2018; 124:68-77. [PMID: 28414042 PMCID: PMC5641227 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
One potential reason for the suboptimal outcomes of treatments targeting appetitive behavior, such as eating and alcohol consumption, is that they do not target the implicit cognitive processes that may be driving these behaviors. Two groups of related neurocognitive processes that are robustly associated with dysregulated eating and drinking are attention bias (AB; selective attention to specific stimuli) and executive function (EF; a set of cognitive control processes such as inhibitory control, working memory, set shifting, that govern goal-directed behaviors). An increasing body of work suggests that EF and AB training programs improve regulation of appetitive behaviors, especially if trainings are frequent and sustained. However, several key challenges, such as adherence to the trainings in the long term, and overall potency of the training, remain. The current manuscript describes five technological innovations that have the potential to address difficulties related to the effectiveness and feasibility of EF and AB trainings: (1) deployment of training in the home, (2) training via smartphone, (3) gamification, (4) virtual reality, and (5) personalization. The drawbacks of these innovations, as well as areas for future research, are also discussed. The above-mentioned innovations are likely to be instrumental in the future empirical work to develop and evaluate effective EF and AB trainings for appetitive behaviors.
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