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Van Tatenhove AM, Neill J, Norvell RE, Stuber EF, Rushing CS. Scale-dependent population drivers inform avian management in a declining saline lake ecosystem. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024:e3021. [PMID: 39219158 DOI: 10.1002/eap.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Shrinking saline lakes provide irreplaceable habitat for waterbird species globally. Disentangling the effects of wetland habitat loss from other drivers of waterbird population dynamics is critical for protecting these species in the face of unprecedented changes to saline lake ecosystems, ideally through decision-making frameworks that identify effective management options and their potential outcomes. Here, we develop a framework to assess the effects of hypothesized population drivers and identify potential future outcomes of plausible management scenarios on a saline lake-reliant waterbird species. We use 36 years of monitoring data to quantify the effects of environmental conditions on the population size of a regionally important breeding colony of American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) at Great Salt Lake, Utah, US, then forecast colony abundance under various management scenarios. We found that low lake levels, which allow terrestrial predators access to the colony, are probable drivers of recent colony declines. Without local management efforts, we predicted colony abundance could likely decline approximately 37.3% by 2040, although recent colony observations suggest population declines may be more extreme than predicted. Results from our population projection scenarios suggested that proactive approaches to preventing predator colony access and reversing saline lake declines are crucial for the persistence of the Great Salt Lake pelican colony. Increasing wetland habitat and preventing predator access to the colony together provided the most effective protection, increasing abundance 145.4% above projections where no management actions are taken, according to our population projection scenarios. Given the importance of water levels to the persistence of island-nesting colonial species, proactive approaches to reversing saline lake declines could likely benefit pelicans as well as other avian species reliant on these unique ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee M Van Tatenhove
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - John Neill
- Great Salt Lake Ecosystem Program, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Hooper, Utah, USA
| | | | - Erica F Stuber
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Clark S Rushing
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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2
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Ghosh S, Matthews B, Petchey OL. Temperature and biodiversity influence community stability differently in birds and fishes. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02493-7. [PMID: 39112662 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Determining the factors that affect community stability is crucial to understanding the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the face of global warming. We investigated how four temperature components (that is, median, variability, trend and extremes) affected diversity-synchrony-stability relationships for 1,246 bird and 580 fish communities from temperate regions. We hypothesized a stabilizing effect on the community if the variation in species' response to changing median temperature decreases overall community synchrony (hypothesis H1) and if temperature extremes reduce interspecific synchrony at extreme abundances due to variation in species' thermal tolerance limits (hypothesis H2). We found support for H1 in fish and for H2 in bird communities. Here we showed that the abiotic components (that is, the median, variability, trend and extremes of temperature) had more indirect effects on community stability, predominantly by affecting the biotic components (that is, diversity, synchrony). Considering various temperature components' direct as well as indirect impacts on stability for terrestrial versus aquatic communities will improve our mechanistic understanding of biodiversity change in response to global climatic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamolina Ghosh
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Owen L Petchey
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Harpaz R, Phillips M, Goel R, Fishman MC, Engert F. Experience-dependent modulation of collective behavior in larval zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.02.606403. [PMID: 39149341 PMCID: PMC11326175 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.02.606403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Complex group behavior can emerge from simple inter-individual interactions. Commonly, these interactions are considered static and hardwired and little is known about how experience and learning affect collective group behavior. Young larvae use well described visuomotor transformations to guide interindividual interactions and collective group structure. Here, we use naturalistic and virtual-reality (VR) experiments to impose persistent changes in population density and measure their effects on future visually evoked turning behavior and the resulting changes in group structure. We find that neighbor distances decrease after exposure to higher population densities, and increase after the experience of lower densities. These adaptations develop slowly and gradually, over tens of minutes and remain stable over many hours. Mechanistically, we find that larvae estimate their current group density by tracking the frequency of neighbor-evoked looming events on the retina and couple the strength of their future interactions to that estimate. A time-varying state-space model that modulates agents' social interactions based on their previous visual-social experiences, accurately describes our behavioral observations and predicts novel aspects of behavior. These findings provide concrete evidence that inter-individual interactions are not static, but rather continuously evolve based on past experience and current environmental demands. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms of experience dependent modulation can now be explored in this small and transparent model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Harpaz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, USA
| | - Morgan Phillips
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, USA
| | - Ronan Goel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, USA
| | - Mark C Fishman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Florian Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, USA
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4
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Johnston ASA. Predicting emergent animal biodiversity patterns across multiple scales. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17397. [PMID: 38984852 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Restoring biodiversity-based resilience and ecosystem multi-functionality needs to be informed by more accurate predictions of animal biodiversity responses to environmental change. Ecological models make a substantial contribution to this understanding, especially when they encode the biological mechanisms and processes that give rise to emergent patterns (population, community, ecosystem properties and dynamics). Here, a distinction between 'mechanistic' and 'process-based' ecological models is established to review existing approaches. Mechanistic and process-based ecological models have made key advances to understanding the structure, function and dynamics of animal biodiversity, but are typically designed to account for specific levels of biological organisation and spatiotemporal scales. Cross-scale ecological models, which predict emergent co-occurring biodiversity patterns at interacting scales of space, time and biological organisation, is a critical next step in predictive ecology. A way forward is to first capitalise on existing models to systematically evaluate the ability of scale-explicit mechanisms and processes to predict emergent patterns at alternative scales. Such model intercomparisons will reveal mechanism to process transitions across fine to broad scales, overcome approach-specific barriers to model realism or tractability and identify gaps which necessitate the development of new fundamental principles. Key challenges surrounding model complexity and uncertainty would need to be addressed, and while opportunities from big data can streamline the integration of multiple scale-explicit biodiversity patterns, ambitious cross-scale field studies are also needed. Crucially, overcoming cross-scale ecological modelling challenges would unite disparate fields of ecology with the common goal of improving the evidence-base to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystems under novel environmental change.
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5
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Cauchi M, Mills AR, Lawrie A, Kiely DG, Kadirkamanathan V. Individualized survival predictions using state space model with longitudinal and survival data. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20230682. [PMID: 39081111 PMCID: PMC11289657 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring disease progression often involves tracking biomarker measurements over time. Joint models (JMs) for longitudinal and survival data provide a framework to explore the relationship between time-varying biomarkers and patients' event outcomes, offering the potential for personalized survival predictions. In this article, we introduce the linear state space dynamic survival model for handling longitudinal and survival data. This model enhances the traditional linear Gaussian state space model by including survival data. It differs from the conventional JMs by offering an alternative interpretation via differential or difference equations, eliminating the need for creating a design matrix. To showcase the model's effectiveness, we conduct a simulation case study, emphasizing its performance under conditions of limited observed measurements. We also apply the proposed model to a dataset of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, demonstrating its potential for enhanced survival predictions when compared with conventional risk scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cauchi
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Andrew R. Mills
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Allan Lawrie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - David G. Kiely
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Sheffield and Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Visakan Kadirkamanathan
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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6
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Chadwick FJ, Haydon DT, Husmeier D, Ovaskainen O, Matthiopoulos J. LIES of omission: complex observation processes in ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:368-380. [PMID: 37949794 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in statistics mean that it is now possible to tackle increasingly sophisticated observation processes. The intricacies and ambitious scale of modern data collection techniques mean that this is now essential. Methodological research to make inference about the biological process while accounting for the observation process has expanded dramatically, but solutions are often presented in field-specific terms, limiting our ability to identify commonalities between methods. We suggest a typology of observation processes that could improve translation between fields and aid methodological synthesis. We propose the LIES framework (defining observation processes in terms of issues of Latency, Identifiability, Effort and Scale) and illustrate its use with both simple examples and more complex case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus J Chadwick
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; Centre for Research Into Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK.
| | - Daniel T Haydon
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dirk Husmeier
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jason Matthiopoulos
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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7
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Ponciano JM, Gómez JP, Ravel J, Forney LJ. Inferring stability and persistence in the vaginal microbiome: A stochastic model of ecological dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.02.581600. [PMID: 38464272 PMCID: PMC10925280 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.581600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The interplay of stochastic and ecological processes that govern the establishment and persistence of host-associated microbial communities is not well understood. Here we illustrate the conceptual and practical advantages of fitting stochastic population dynamics models to multi-species bacterial time series data. We show how the stability properties, fluctuation regimes and persistence probabilities of human vaginal microbial communities can be better understood by explicitly accommodating three sources of variability in ecological stochastic models of multi-species abundances: 1) stochastic biotic and abiotic forces, 2) ecological feedback and 3) sampling error. Rooting our modeling tool in stochastic population dynamics modeling theory was key to apply standardized measures of a community's reaction to environmental variation that ultimately depends on the nature and intensity of the intra-specific and inter-specific interaction strengths. Using estimates of model parameters, we developed a Risk Prediction Monitoring (RPM) tool that estimates temporal changes in persistence probabilities for any bacterial group of interest. This method mirrors approaches that are often used in conservation biology in which a measure of extinction risks is periodically updated with any change in a population or community. Additionally, we show how to use estimates of interaction strengths and persistence probabilities to formulate hypotheses regarding the molecular mechanisms and genetic composition that underpin different types of interactions. Instead of seeking a definition of "dysbiosis" we propose to translate concepts of theoretical ecology and conservation biology methods into practical approaches for the management of human-associated bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan P. Gómez
- Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Larry J. Forney
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Science and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
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8
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Dejeante R, Valeix M, Chamaillé-Jammes S. Time-varying habitat selection analysis: A model and applications for studying diel, seasonal, and post-release changes. Ecology 2024; 105:e4233. [PMID: 38180163 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Resource selection functions are commonly used to evaluate animals' habitat selection, for example, the disproportionate use of habitats relative to their availability. While environmental conditions or animal motivations may vary over time, sometimes in an unknown manner, studying changes in habitat selection usually requires an a priori segmentation of time in distinct periods. This limits our ability to precisely answer the question "When is an animal's habitat selection changing?" Here, we present a straightforward and flexible alternative approach based on fitting dynamic logistic models to used/available data. First, using simulated datasets, we demonstrate that dynamic logistic models perform well in recovering temporal variations in habitat selection. We then show real-world applications for studying diel, seasonal, and post-release changes in the habitat selection of the blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). Dynamic logistic models allow the study of temporal changes in habitat selection in a framework consistent with resource selection functions but without the need to segment time in distinct periods, which can be a difficult task when little is known about the process studied or may obscure interindividual variability in timing of change. These models should undoubtedly find their place in the movement ecology toolbox. We provide R scripts to facilitate their adoption. We also encourage future research to focus on how to account for temporal autocorrelation in location data, as this would allow statistical inference from location data collected at a high frequency, an increasingly common situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Dejeante
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Valeix
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Simon Chamaillé-Jammes
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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9
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Huguet A, Barillé L, Soudant D, Petitgas P, Gohin F, Lefebvre A. Identifying the spatial pattern and the drivers of the decline in the eastern English Channel chlorophyll-a surface concentration over the last two decades. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115870. [PMID: 38134868 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
It has been established from previous studies that chlorophyll-a surface concentration has been declining in the eastern English Channel. This decline has been attributed to a decrease in nutrient concentrations in the rivers. However, the decrease in river discharge could also be a cause. In our study, rivers outflows and in-situ data have been compared to time series of satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentrations. Dynamic Linear Model has been used to extract the dynamic and seasonally adjusted trends of several environmental variables. The results showed that, for the 1998-2019 period, chlorophyll-a levels stayed significantly lower than average and satellite images revealed a coast to offshore gradient. Chlorophyll-a concentration of coastal stations appeared to be related to the declining fluxes of phosphate while offshore stations were more related to nitrate-nitrite. Therefore, we can exclude that the climate variability, through river flows alone, has a dominant effect on the decline of chlorophyll-a concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Huguet
- IFREMER, Service Valorisation de l'Information pour la Gestion Intégrée Et la Surveillance, Rue de l'ïle d'Yeu, B.P. 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Laurent Barillé
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, 2 rue de la Houssinière, B.P. 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Dominique Soudant
- IFREMER, Service Valorisation de l'Information pour la Gestion Intégrée Et la Surveillance, Rue de l'ïle d'Yeu, B.P. 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Pierre Petitgas
- IFREMER, Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement, Rue de l'ïle d'Yeu, B.P. 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Francis Gohin
- IFREMER, Laboratoire d'écologie pélagique, DYNECO PELAGOS, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Alain Lefebvre
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement côtier et Ressources Aquacoles, 150 quai Gambetta, BP 699, Boulogne-sur-Mer 62321, France
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10
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Lowman HE, Shriver RK, Hall RO, Harvey JW, Savoy P, Yackulic CB, Blaszczak JR. Macroscale controls determine the recovery of river ecosystem productivity following flood disturbances. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307065121. [PMID: 38266048 PMCID: PMC10835108 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307065121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
River ecosystem function depends on flow regimes that are increasingly modified by changes in climate, land use, water extraction, and flow regulation. Given the wide range of variation in flow regime modifications and autotrophic communities in rivers, it has been challenging to predict which rivers will be more resilient to flow disturbances. To better understand how river productivity is disturbed by and recovers from high-flow disturbance events, we used a continental-scale dataset of daily gross primary production time series from 143 rivers to estimate growth of autotrophic biomass and ecologically relevant flow disturbance thresholds using a modified population model. We compared biomass recovery rates across hydroclimatic gradients and catchment characteristics to evaluate macroscale controls on ecosystem recovery. Estimated biomass accrual (i.e., recovery) was fastest in wider rivers with less regulated flow regimes and more frequent instances of biomass removal during high flows. Although disturbance flow thresholds routinely fell below the estimated bankfull flood (i.e., the 2-y flood), a direct comparison of disturbance flows estimated by our biomass model and a geomorphic model revealed that biomass disturbance thresholds were usually greater than bed disturbance thresholds. We suggest that primary producers in rivers vary widely in their capacity to recover following flow disturbances, and multiple, interacting macroscale factors control productivity recovery rates, although river width had the strongest overall effect. Biomass disturbance flow thresholds varied as a function of geomorphology, highlighting the need for data such as bed slope and grain size to predict how river ecosystems will respond to changing flow regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heili E. Lowman
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV89557
| | - Robert K. Shriver
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV89557
| | - Robert O. Hall
- Division of Biological Sciences, Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT59860
| | - Judson W. Harvey
- U.S. Geological Survey, Earth System Processes Division, Reston, VA20192
| | - Philip Savoy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Earth System Processes Division, Reston, VA20192
| | - Charles B. Yackulic
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ86001
| | - Joanna R. Blaszczak
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV89557
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11
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Botsch JC, Zaveri AN, Nell LA, McCormick AR, Book KR, Phillips JS, Einarsson Á, Ives AR. Disentangling the drivers of decadal body size decline in an insect population. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17014. [PMID: 37943090 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
While climate warming is widely predicted to reduce body size of ectotherms, evidence for this trend is mixed. Body size depends not only on temperature but also on other factors, such as food quality and intraspecific competition. Because temperature trends or other long-term environmental factors may affect population size and food sources, attributing trends in average body size to temperature requires the separation of potentially confounding effects. We evaluated trends in the body size of the midge Tanytarsus gracilentus and potential drivers (water temperature, population size, and food quality) between 1977 and 2015 at Lake Mývatn, Iceland. Although temperatures increased at Mývatn over this period, there was only a slight (non-significant) decrease in midge adult body size, contrary to theoretical expectations. Using a state-space model including multiple predictors, body size was negatively associated with both water temperature and midge population abundance, and it was positively associated with 13 C enrichment of midges (an indicator of favorable food conditions). The magnitude of these effects were similar, such that simultaneous changes in temperature, abundance, and carbon stable isotopic signature could counteract each other in the long-term body size trend. Our results illustrate how multiple factors, all of which could be influenced by global change, interact to affect average ectotherm body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamieson C Botsch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aayush N Zaveri
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lucas A Nell
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amanda R McCormick
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - K Riley Book
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph S Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Árni Einarsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mývatn Research Station, Skútustaðir, Iceland
| | - Anthony R Ives
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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12
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Travis J, Bassar RD, Coulson T, Lopez-Sepulcre A, Reznick D. Population Regulation and Density-Dependent Demography in the Trinidadian Guppy. Am Nat 2023; 202:413-432. [PMID: 37792920 DOI: 10.1086/725796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractClassic theory for density-dependent selection for delayed maturation requires that a population be regulated through some combination of adult fecundity and/or juvenile survival. We tested whether those demographic conditions were met in four experimental populations of Trinidadian guppies in which delayed maturation of males evolved when the densities of those populations became high. We used monthly mark-recapture data to examine population dynamics and demography in these populations. Three of the four populations displayed clear evidence of regulation. In all four populations, monthly adult survival rates were independent of biomass density or actually increased with increased biomass density. Juvenile recruitment, which is a combination of adult fecundity and juvenile survival, decreased as biomass density increased in all four populations. Demography showed marked seasonality, with greater survival and higher recruitment in the dry season than the wet season. Population regulation via juvenile recruitment supports the hypothesis that density-dependent selection was responsible for the evolution of delayed maturity in males. This body of work represents one of the few complete tests of density-dependent selection theory.
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13
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Barbour N, Shillinger GL, Gurarie E, Hoover AL, Gaspar P, Temple-Boyer J, Candela T, Fagan WF, Bailey H. Incorporating multidimensional behavior into a risk management tool for a critically endangered and migratory species. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14114. [PMID: 37204012 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of migratory species exhibiting wide-ranging and multidimensional behaviors is challenged by management efforts that only utilize horizontal movements or produce static spatial-temporal products. For the deep-diving, critically endangered eastern Pacific leatherback turtle, tools that predict where turtles have high risks of fisheries interactions are urgently needed to prevent further population decline. We incorporated horizontal-vertical movement model results with spatial-temporal kernel density estimates and threat data (gear-specific fishing) to develop monthly maps of spatial risk. Specifically, we applied multistate hidden Markov models to a biotelemetry data set (n = 28 leatherback tracks, 2004-2007). Tracks with dive information were used to characterize turtle behavior as belonging to 1 of 3 states (transiting, residential with mixed diving, and residential with deep diving). Recent fishing effort data from Global Fishing Watch were integrated with predicted behaviors and monthly space-use estimates to create maps of relative risk of turtle-fisheries interactions. Drifting (pelagic) longline fishing gear had the highest average monthly fishing effort in the study region, and risk indices showed this gear to also have the greatest potential for high-risk interactions with turtles in a residential, deep-diving behavioral state. Monthly relative risk surfaces for all gears and behaviors were added to South Pacific TurtleWatch (SPTW) (https://www.upwell.org/sptw), a dynamic management tool for this leatherback population. These modifications will refine SPTW's capability to provide important predictions of potential high-risk bycatch areas for turtles undertaking specific behaviors. Our results demonstrate how multidimensional movement data, spatial-temporal density estimates, and threat data can be used to create a unique conservation tool. These methods serve as a framework for incorporating behavior into similar tools for other aquatic, aerial, and terrestrial taxa with multidimensional movement behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Barbour
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Upwell, Monterey, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Biology, SUNY College of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - George L Shillinger
- Upwell, Monterey, California, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, USA
- MigraMar, Bodega Bay, California, USA
| | - Eliezer Gurarie
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Biology, SUNY College of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tony Candela
- Upwell, Monterey, California, USA
- Mercator Ocean International, Toulouse, France
| | - William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen Bailey
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, USA
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14
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Simpson MJ, Maclaren OJ. Profile-Wise Analysis: A profile likelihood-based workflow for identifiability analysis, estimation, and prediction with mechanistic mathematical models. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011515. [PMID: 37773942 PMCID: PMC10566698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpreting data using mechanistic mathematical models provides a foundation for discovery and decision-making in all areas of science and engineering. Developing mechanistic insight by combining mathematical models and experimental data is especially critical in mathematical biology as new data and new types of data are collected and reported. Key steps in using mechanistic mathematical models to interpret data include: (i) identifiability analysis; (ii) parameter estimation; and (iii) model prediction. Here we present a systematic, computationally-efficient workflow we call Profile-Wise Analysis (PWA) that addresses all three steps in a unified way. Recently-developed methods for constructing 'profile-wise' prediction intervals enable this workflow and provide the central linkage between different workflow components. These methods propagate profile-likelihood-based confidence sets for model parameters to predictions in a way that isolates how different parameter combinations affect model predictions. We show how to extend these profile-wise prediction intervals to two-dimensional interest parameters. We then demonstrate how to combine profile-wise prediction confidence sets to give an overall prediction confidence set that approximates the full likelihood-based prediction confidence set well. Our three case studies illustrate practical aspects of the workflow, focusing on ordinary differential equation (ODE) mechanistic models with both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise models. While the case studies focus on ODE-based models, the workflow applies to other classes of mathematical models, including partial differential equations and simulation-based stochastic models. Open-source software on GitHub can be used to replicate the case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Simpson
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Oliver J. Maclaren
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Blaszczak JR, Yackulic CB, Shriver RK, Hall RO. Models of underlying autotrophic biomass dynamics fit to daily river ecosystem productivity estimates improve understanding of ecosystem disturbance and resilience. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1510-1522. [PMID: 37353910 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Directly observing autotrophic biomass at ecologically relevant frequencies is difficult in many ecosystems, hampering our ability to predict productivity through time. Since disturbances can impart distinct reductions in river productivity through time by modifying underlying standing stocks of biomass, mechanistic models fit to productivity time series can infer underlying biomass dynamics. We incorporated biomass dynamics into a river ecosystem productivity model for six rivers to identify disturbance flow thresholds and understand the resilience of primary producers. The magnitude of flood necessary to disturb biomass and thereby reduce ecosystem productivity was consistently lower than the more commonly used disturbance flow threshold of the flood magnitude necessary to mobilize river bed sediment. The estimated daily maximum percent increase in biomass (a proxy for resilience) ranged from 5% to 42% across rivers. Our latent biomass model improves understanding of disturbance thresholds and recovery patterns of autotrophic biomass within river ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R Blaszczak
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - Charles B Yackulic
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert K Shriver
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Robert O Hall
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
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16
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Wang Q, Loh JM, He X, Wang Y. A latent state space model for estimating brain dynamics from electroencephalogram (EEG) data. Biometrics 2023; 79:2444-2457. [PMID: 36004670 PMCID: PMC10894450 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Modern neuroimaging technologies have substantially advanced the measurement of brain activity. Electroencephalogram (EEG) as a noninvasive neuroimaging technique measures changes in electrical voltage on the scalp induced by brain cortical activity. With its high temporal resolution, EEG has emerged as an increasingly useful tool to study brain connectivity. Challenges with modeling EEG signals of complex brain activity include interactions among unknown sources, low signal-to-noise ratio, and substantial between-subject heterogeneity. In this work, we propose a state space model that jointly analyzes multichannel EEG signals and learns dynamics of different sources corresponding to brain cortical activity. Our model borrows strength from spatially correlated measurements and uses low-dimensional latent states to explain all observed channels. The model can account for patient heterogeneity and quantify the effect of a subject's covariates on the latent space. The EM algorithm, Kalman filtering, and bootstrap resampling are used to fit the state space model and provide comparisons between patient diagnostic groups. We apply the developed approach to a case-control study of alcoholism and reveal significant attenuation of brain activity in response to visual stimuli in alcoholic subjects compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ji Meng Loh
- Department of Statistics, NJIT, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiaofu He
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuanjia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Nareddy VR, Machta J, Abbott K, Esmaeili S, Hastings A. Modeling and prediction of phase shifts in noisy two-cycle oscillations. J Math Biol 2023; 87:33. [PMID: 37493847 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and predicting ecological dynamics in the presence of noise remains a substantial and important challenge. This is particularly true in light of the poor quality of much ecological data and the imprecision of many ecological models. As a first approach to this problem, we focus here on a simple system expressed as a discrete time model with 2-cycle behavior, reflecting alternating high and low population sizes. Such dynamics naturally arise in ecological systems with overcompensatory density dependence. We ask how the amount of detail included in the population estimates affects the ability to forecast the likelihood of changes in the phase of oscillation, meaning whether high populations occur in odd or in even years. We adjust the level of detail by converting continuous population levels to simple, coarse-grained descriptions using two-state and four-state models. We also consider a cubic noisy over-compensatory model with three parameters. The focus on phase changes is what distinguishes the question we are asking and the methods we use from more standard time series approaches. Obviously, adding observation states improves the ability to forecast phase shifts. In particular, the four-state model and cubic model outperform the two-state model because they include a transition state, through which the dynamics typically pass during a phase change. Nonetheless, at high noise levels the improvement in forecast skill is relatively modest. Additionally, the frequency of phase changes depends strongly on the noise level, and is much less affected by the parameter determining amplitude in the population model, so phase shift frequencies could possibly be used to infer noise levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Machta
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Karen Abbott
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Shadisadat Esmaeili
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alan Hastings
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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18
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Schweighofer N, Ye D, Luo H, D’Argenio DZ, Winstein C. Long-term forecasting of a motor outcome following rehabilitation in chronic stroke via a hierarchical bayesian dynamic model. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:83. [PMID: 37386512 PMCID: PMC10311775 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the heterogeneity of stroke, it is important to determine the best course of motor therapy for each patient, i.e., to personalize rehabilitation based on predictions of long-term outcomes. Here, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian dynamic (i.e., state-space) model (HBDM) to forecast long-term changes in a motor outcome due to rehabilitation in the chronic phase post-stroke. METHODS The model incorporates the effects of clinician-supervised training, self-training, and forgetting. In addition, to improve forecasting early in rehabilitation, when data are sparse or unavailable, we use the Bayesian hierarchical modeling technique to incorporate prior information from similar patients. We use HBDM to re-analyze the Motor Activity Log (MAL) data of participants with chronic stroke included in two clinical trials: (1) the DOSE trial, in which participants were assigned to a 0, 15, 30, or 60-h dose condition (data of 40 participants analyzed), and (2) the EXCITE trial, in which participants were assigned a 60-h dose, in either an immediate or a delayed condition (95 participants analyzed). RESULTS For both datasets, HBDM accounts well for individual dynamics in the MAL during and outside of training: mean RMSE = 0.28 for all 40 DOSE participants (participant-level RMSE 0.26 ± 0.19-95% CI) and mean RMSE = 0.325 for all 95 EXCITE participants (participant-level RMSE 0.32 ± 0.31), which are small compared to the 0-5 range of the MAL. Bayesian leave-one-out cross-validation shows that the model has better predictive accuracy than static regression models and simpler dynamic models that do not account for the effect of supervised training, self-training, or forgetting. We then showcase model's ability to forecast the MAL of "new" participants up to 8 months ahead. The mean RMSE at 6 months post-training was 1.36 using only the baseline MAL and then decreased to 0.91, 0.79, and 0.69 (respectively) with the MAL following the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd bouts of training. In addition, hierarchical modeling improves prediction for a patient early in training. Finally, we verify that this model, despite its simplicity, can reproduce previous findings of the DOSE trial on the efficiency, efficacy, and retention of motor therapy. CONCLUSIONS In future work, such forecasting models can be used to simulate different stages of recovery, dosages, and training schedules to optimize rehabilitation for each person. Trial registration This study contains a re-analysis of data from the DOSE clinical trial ID NCT01749358 and the EXCITE clinical trial ID NCT00057018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Schweighofer
- Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dongze Ye
- Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Haipeng Luo
- Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David Z. D’Argenio
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Carolee Winstein
- Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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19
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Ledger SEH, Loh J, Almond R, Böhm M, Clements CF, Currie J, Deinet S, Galewski T, Grooten M, Jenkins M, Marconi V, Painter B, Scott-Gatty K, Young L, Hoffmann M, Freeman R, McRae L. Past, present, and future of the Living Planet Index. NPJ BIODIVERSITY 2023; 2:12. [PMID: 39242663 PMCID: PMC11332142 DOI: 10.1038/s44185-023-00017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
As we enter the next phase of international policy commitments to halt biodiversity loss (e.g., Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework), biodiversity indicators will play an important role in forming the robust basis upon which targeted, and time sensitive conservation actions are developed. Population trend indicators are one of the most powerful tools in biodiversity monitoring due to their responsiveness to changes over short timescales and their ability to aggregate species trends from global down to sub-national or even local scale. We consider how the project behind one of the foremost population level indicators - the Living Planet Index - has evolved over the last 25 years, its value to the field of biodiversity monitoring, and how its components have portrayed a compelling account of the changing status of global biodiversity through its application at policy, research and practice levels. We explore ways the project can develop to enhance our understanding of the state of biodiversity and share lessons learned to inform indicator development and mobilise action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E H Ledger
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (ZSL), London, UK.
| | - Jonathan Loh
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Rosamunde Almond
- WWF Netherlands - World Wide Fund for Nature, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Monika Böhm
- Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | - Jessica Currie
- WWF Canada - World Wildlife Fund Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stefanie Deinet
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (ZSL), London, UK
| | - Thomas Galewski
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Tour du Valat, Arles, France
| | - Monique Grooten
- WWF Netherlands - World Wide Fund for Nature, Zeist, Netherlands
| | | | - Valentina Marconi
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (ZSL), London, UK
| | - Brett Painter
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Government of Canada, Gatineau, Canada
| | - Kate Scott-Gatty
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (ZSL), London, UK
| | - Lucy Young
- WWF UK - World Wide Fund for Nature, Woking, UK
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London (ZSL), London, UK
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (ZSL), London, UK
| | - Louise McRae
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (ZSL), London, UK.
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20
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Polansky L, Mitchell L, Newman KB. Combining multiple data sources with different biases in state-space models for population dynamics. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10154. [PMID: 37304369 PMCID: PMC10249046 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution at which animal populations can be modeled can be increased when multiple datasets corresponding to different life stages are available, allowing, for example, seasonal instead of annual descriptions of dynamics. However, the abundance estimates used for model fitting can have multiple sources of error, both random and systematic, namely bias. We focus here on the consequences of, and how to address, differing and unknown observation biases when fitting models.State-space models (SSMs) separate process variation and observation error, thus providing a framework to account for different and unknown estimate biases across multiple datasets. Here we study the effects on the inference of including or excluding bias parameters for a sequential life stage population dynamics SSM using a combination of theory, simulation experiments, and an empirical example.When the data, that is, abundance estimates, are unbiased, including bias parameters leads to increased imprecision compared to a model that correctly excludes bias parameters. But when observations are biased and no bias parameters are estimated, recruitment and survival processes are inaccurately estimated and estimates of process variance become biased high. These problems are substantially reduced by including bias parameters and fixing one of them at even an incorrect value. The primary inferential challenge is that models with bias parameters can show properties of being parameter redundant even when they are not in theory.Combining multiple datasets into a single analysis by using bias parameters to rescale data can offer significant improvements to inference and model diagnostics. Because their estimability in practice is dataset specific and will likely require more precise estimates than might be expected from ecological datasets, we outline some strategies for characterizing process uncertainty when it is confounded by bias parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Polansky
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Ken B. Newman
- School of MathematicsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Biomathematics and Statistics ScotlandEdinburghUK
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21
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Florko KRN, Shuert CR, Cheung WWL, Ferguson SH, Jonsen ID, Rosen DAS, Sumaila UR, Tai TC, Yurkowski DJ, Auger-Méthé M. Linking movement and dive data to prey distribution models: new insights in foraging behaviour and potential pitfalls of movement analyses. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:17. [PMID: 36959671 PMCID: PMC10037791 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal movement data are regularly used to infer foraging behaviour and relationships to environmental characteristics, often to help identify critical habitat. To characterize foraging, movement models make a set of assumptions rooted in theory, for example, time spent foraging in an area increases with higher prey density. METHODS We assessed the validity of these assumptions by associating horizontal movement and diving of satellite-telemetered ringed seals (Pusa hispida)-an opportunistic predator-in Hudson Bay, Canada, to modelled prey data and environmental proxies. RESULTS Modelled prey biomass data performed better than their environmental proxies (e.g., sea surface temperature) for explaining seal movement; however movement was not related to foraging effort. Counter to theory, seals appeared to forage more in areas with relatively lower prey diversity and biomass, potentially due to reduced foraging efficiency in those areas. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the need to validate movement analyses with prey data to effectively estimate the relationship between prey availability and foraging behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R N Florko
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Courtney R Shuert
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - William W L Cheung
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Steven H Ferguson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ian D Jonsen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David A S Rosen
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - U Rashid Sumaila
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Travis C Tai
- Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David J Yurkowski
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marie Auger-Méthé
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Smith JW, Johnson LR, Thomas RQ. Assessing Ecosystem State Space Models: Identifiability and Estimation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL, BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13253-023-00531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHierarchical probability models are being used more often than non-hierarchical deterministic process models in environmental prediction and forecasting, and Bayesian approaches to fitting such models are becoming increasingly popular. In particular, models describing ecosystem dynamics with multiple states that are autoregressive at each step in time can be treated as statistical state space models (SSMs). In this paper, we examine this subset of ecosystem models, embed a process-based ecosystem model into an SSM, and give closed form Gibbs sampling updates for latent states and process precision parameters when process and observation errors are normally distributed. Here, we use simulated data from an example model (DALECev) and study the effects changing the temporal resolution of observations on the states (observation data gaps), the temporal resolution of the state process (model time step), and the level of aggregation of observations on fluxes (measurements of transfer rates on the state process). We show that parameter estimates become unreliable as temporal gaps between observed state data increase. To improve parameter estimates, we introduce a method of tuning the time resolution of the latent states while still using higher-frequency driver information and show that this helps to improve estimates. Further, we show that data cloning is a suitable method for assessing parameter identifiability in this class of models. Overall, our study helps inform the application of state space models to ecological forecasting applications where (1) data are not available for all states and transfers at the operational time step for the ecosystem model and (2) process uncertainty estimation is desired.
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23
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Matsui T, Mitsuma S, Nagata A, Matsushita S, Asahi T. Accelerated cognitive decline after the COVID-19 pandemic in a community population of older persons with cognitive impairment: A 4-year time series analysis in the Tokyo Metropolis area. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:200-204. [PMID: 36697372 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to lifestyle restrictions and might be associated with long-term changes in cognitive function. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the overall effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cognitive trajectory of a cohort of patients with cognitive impairment. METHODS We enrolled 160 patients who had been making regular visits to a medical center for dementia. Cognitive function was assessed based on changes in scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination before and during the COVID-19 pandemic throughout a 4-year period. The trajectory of cognitive decline was determined by carrying out a time series analysis using a state-space model. RESULTS Crude analysis showed that the Mini-Mental State Examination scores decreased from 20.9 ± 4.4 points (mean ± SD) at the time of the initial cognitive assessments to 17.5 ± 5.6 points at the time of the final assessments, and the decline rate was 1.15 ± 1.78 points per year (P < 0.0001). The time series analysis showed an accelerated cognitive trajectory after the COVID-19 outbreak, and the average decline in the Mini-Mental State Examination scores was 0.46 points (95% confidence interval 0.034-0.91) per year before the COVID-19 pandemic, and a steeper decline of 1.87 points (95% confidence interval 1.34-2.67) per year after the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the rate of cognitive decline in patients with cognitive impairment fourfold in comparison with before the pandemic. Specific strategies designed for cognitively older people in the "new normal" will reconcile both requirements, reducing the risk of infection, and maintaining their physical and psychological well-being. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 200-204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Matsui
- Medical Center for Dementia in the Northeastern Wards of Tokyo Metropolis, Oouchi Hospital, Heisei Medical Welfare Group, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Mitsuma
- Medical Center for Dementia in the Northeastern Wards of Tokyo Metropolis, Oouchi Hospital, Heisei Medical Welfare Group, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akane Nagata
- Medical Center for Dementia in the Northeastern Wards of Tokyo Metropolis, Oouchi Hospital, Heisei Medical Welfare Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachio Matsushita
- Medical Center for Dementia in Kanagawa Prefecture, National Hospital Organization, Kurihama Alcoholism Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiomi Asahi
- Medical Center for Dementia in Chiba Prefecture, Asahi Neurology and Rehabilitation Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
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24
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Integrated Population Models: Achieving Their Potential. JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42519-022-00302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrecise and accurate estimates of abundance and demographic rates are primary quantities of interest within wildlife conservation and management. Such quantities provide insight into population trends over time and the associated underlying ecological drivers of the systems. This information is fundamental in managing ecosystems, assessing species conservation status and developing and implementing effective conservation policy. Observational monitoring data are typically collected on wildlife populations using an array of different survey protocols, dependent on the primary questions of interest. For each of these survey designs, a range of advanced statistical techniques have been developed which are typically well understood. However, often multiple types of data may exist for the same population under study. Analyzing each data set separately implicitly discards the common information contained in the other data sets. An alternative approach that aims to optimize the shared information contained within multiple data sets is to use a “model-based data integration” approach, or more commonly referred to as an “integrated model.” This integrated modeling approach simultaneously analyzes all the available data within a single, and robust, statistical framework. This paper provides a statistical overview of ecological integrated models, with a focus on integrated population models (IPMs) which include abundance and demographic rates as quantities of interest. Four main challenges within this area are discussed, namely model specification, computational aspects, model assessment and forecasting. This should encourage researchers to explore further and develop new practical tools to ensure that full utility can be made of IPMs for future studies.
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25
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Pirotta E, Schick RS, Hamilton PK, Harris CM, Hewitt J, Knowlton AR, Kraus SD, Meyer‐Gutbrod E, Moore MJ, Pettis HM, Photopoulou T, Rolland RM, Tyack PL, Thomas L. Estimating the effects of stressors on the health, survival and reproduction of a critically endangered, long‐lived species. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Pirotta
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Robert S. Schick
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke Univ. Durham NC USA
| | - Philip K. Hamilton
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium Boston MA USA
| | - Catriona M. Harris
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Joshua Hewitt
- Dept of Statistical Science, Duke Univ. Durham NC USA
| | - Amy R. Knowlton
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium Boston MA USA
| | - Scott D. Kraus
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium Boston MA USA
| | - Erin Meyer‐Gutbrod
- School of Earth, Ocean and Environment, Univ. of South Carolina Columbia SC USA
| | | | - Heather M. Pettis
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium Boston MA USA
| | - Theoni Photopoulou
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | | | - Peter L. Tyack
- School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Inst., Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Len Thomas
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews UK
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Slingsby JA, Wilson AM, Maitner B, Moncrieff GR. Regional ecological forecasting across scales: A manifesto for a biodiversity hotspot. Methods Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper A. Slingsby
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Cape Town South Africa
| | - Adam M. Wilson
- Department of Geography, Department of Environment and Sustainability University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Geography, Department of Environment and Sustainability University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
| | - Glenn R. Moncrieff
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Cape Town South Africa
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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27
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Schuhmann F, Ryvkin L, McLaren JD, Gerhards L, Solov'yov IA. Across atoms to crossing continents: Application of similarity measures to biological location data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284736. [PMID: 37186599 PMCID: PMC10184918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological processes involve movements across all measurable scales. Similarity measures can be applied to compare and analyze these movements but differ in how differences in movement are aggregated across space and time. The present study reviews frequently-used similarity measures, such as the Hausdorff distance, Fréchet distance, Dynamic Time Warping, and Longest Common Subsequence, jointly with several measures less used in biological applications (Wasserstein distance, weak Fréchet distance, and Kullback-Leibler divergence), and provides computational tools for each of them that may be used in computational biology. We illustrate the use of the selected similarity measures in diagnosing differences within two extremely contrasting sets of biological data, which, remarkably, may both be relevant for magnetic field perception by migratory birds. Specifically, we assess and discuss cryptochrome protein conformational dynamics and extreme migratory trajectories of songbirds between Alaska and Africa. We highlight how similarity measures contrast regarding computational complexity and discuss those which can be useful in noise elimination or, conversely, are sensitive to spatiotemporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schuhmann
- Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Ryvkin
- Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Department of Computer Science, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - James D McLaren
- Institute of Chemistry and Marine Biology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ilia A Solov'yov
- Department of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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28
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McCrea R, King R, Graham L, Börger L. Realising the promise of large data and complex models. Methods Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel McCrea
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Ruth King
- School of Mathematics and Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Laura Graham
- Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Biodiversity, Ecology & Conservation Group International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Vienna Austria
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences Swansea University Swansea UK
- Centre for Biomathematics Swansea University Swansea UK
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29
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Dean CB, El‐Shaarawi AH, Esterby SR, Mills Flemming J, Routledge RD, Taylor SW, Woolford DG, Zidek JV, Zwiers FW. Canadian contributions to environmetrics. CAN J STAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjs.11743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine B. Dean
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Abdel H. El‐Shaarawi
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Sylvia R. Esterby
- Department of Computer Science Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus 3187, University Way, Kelowna British Columbia Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Joanna Mills Flemming
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics Dalhousie University 6316 Coburg Road ‐ PO BOX 15000, Halifax Nova Scotia Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Richard D. Routledge
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive, Burnaby British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Stephen W. Taylor
- Pacific Forestry Centre 506 Burnside Road West, Victoria British Columbia Canada V8Z 1M5
| | - Douglas G. Woolford
- Department of Statistical & Actuarial Sciences The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street, London Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
| | - James V. Zidek
- Department of Statistics University of British Columbia 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver British Columbia Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Francis W. Zwiers
- Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC) University of Victoria University House 1, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 2Y2
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30
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Decadal migration phenology of a long-lived Arctic icon keeps pace with climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121092119. [PMID: 36279424 PMCID: PMC9659343 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121092119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals migrate in response to seasonal environments, to reproduce, to benefit from resource pulses, or to avoid fluctuating hazards. Although climate change is predicted to modify migration, only a few studies to date have demonstrated phenological shifts in marine mammals. In the Arctic, marine mammals are considered among the most sensitive to ongoing climate change due to their narrow habitat preferences and long life spans. Longevity may prove an obstacle for species to evolutionarily respond. For species that exhibit high site fidelity and strong associations with migration routes, adjusting the timing of migration is one of the few recourses available to respond to a changing climate. Here, we demonstrate evidence of significant delays in the timing of narwhal autumn migrations with satellite tracking data spanning 21 y from the Canadian Arctic. Measures of migration phenology varied annually and were explained by sex and climate drivers associated with ice conditions, suggesting that narwhals are adopting strategic migration tactics. Male narwhals were found to lead the migration out of the summering areas, while females, potentially with dependent young, departed later. Narwhals are remaining longer in their summer areas at a rate of 10 d per decade, a similar rate to that observed for climate-driven sea ice loss across the region. The consequences of altered space use and timing have yet to be evaluated but will expose individuals to increasing natural changes and anthropogenic activities on the summering areas.
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31
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Investigating the effect of pesticides on Daphnia population dynamics by inferring structure and parameters of a stochastic model. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Clark NJ, Wells K. Dynamic generalised additive models (
DGAMs
) for forecasting discrete ecological time series. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Clark
- School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton QLD Australia
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33
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Simmons OM, Britton JR, Gillingham PK, Nevoux M, Riley WD, Rivot E, Gregory SD. Predicting how environmental conditions and smolt body length when entering the marine environment impact individual Atlantic salmon Salmo salar adult return rates. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:378-388. [PMID: 34773399 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Populations of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar have experienced precipitous declines in abundance since the 1970s. This decline has been associated with reduced numbers of adult salmon returning to fresh water from their marine migration, i.e., their marine return rates (MRR). Thus, understanding the factors that affect MRR is of crucial conservation importance. The authors used a state-space model with a 13-year time series of individually tagged salmon mark-recapture histories on the River Frome, southern England, to test the effect of smolt body length on their MRR. In addition to smolt length, the model tested for the influence of environmental covariates that were representative of the conditions experienced by the smolts in the early stages of their seaward migration, i.e., from the lower river to the estuary exit. The model indicated that, even when accounting for environmental covariates, smolt body length was an important predictor of MRR. Although larger smolts have a higher probability of returning to their natal river as adults than smaller smolts, and one-sea-winter salmon have a survival rate twice as high as multi-sea-winter salmon, the actual biological mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon remain uncertain. These results have important applications for salmon conservation, as efforts to bolster salmon populations in the freshwater environment should consider methods to improve smolt quality (i.e., body size) as well as smolt quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Meredith Simmons
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
- Salmon and Trout Research Centre, Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Wareham, UK
| | - J Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Phillipa K Gillingham
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Marie Nevoux
- DECOD, Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability, Institut Agro, INRAE, Ifremer, Rennes, France
- MIAME-Management of Diadromous Fish in Their Environment, OFB, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S Uppa, Rennes, France
| | - William D Riley
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Etienne Rivot
- DECOD, Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability, Institut Agro, INRAE, Ifremer, Rennes, France
- MIAME-Management of Diadromous Fish in Their Environment, OFB, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S Uppa, Rennes, France
| | - Stephen D Gregory
- Salmon and Trout Research Centre, Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Wareham, UK
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
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34
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Dynamic and Heterogeneity of Urban Heat Island: A Theoretical Framework in the Context of Urban Ecology. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11081155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic and heterogeneity of the urban heat island (UHI) is the result of the interactions between biotic, physical, social, and built components. Urban ecology as a transdisciplinary science can provide a context to understand the complex social–biophysical issues such as the thermal environment in cities. This study aimed at developing a theoretical framework to elucidate the interactions between the social–biophysical patterns and processes mediating UHI. To do it, we conducted a theoretical review to delineate UHI complexity using the concept of dynamic heterogeneity of pattern, process, and function in UHI phenomenon. Furthermore, a hypothetical heterogeneity spiral (i.e., driver-outcome spiral) related to the UHI was conceived as a model template. The adopted theoretical framework can provide a holistic vision of the UHI, contributing to a better understanding of UHI’s spatial variations in long-term studies. Through the developed framework, we can devise appropriate methodological approaches (i.e., statistic-based techniques) to develop prediction models of UHI’s spatial heterogeneity.
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35
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Ravel G, Bergmann M, Trubuil A, Deschamps J, Briandet R, Labarthe S. Inferring characteristics of bacterial swimming in biofilm matrix from time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy. eLife 2022; 11:76513. [PMID: 35699414 PMCID: PMC9273218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are spatially organized communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced organic matrix, conferring to the population emerging properties such as an increased tolerance to the action of antimicrobials. It was shown that some bacilli were able to swim in the exogenous matrix of pathogenic biofilms and to counterbalance these properties. Swimming bacteria can deliver antimicrobial agents in situ, or potentiate the activity of antimicrobial by creating a transient vascularization network in the matrix. Hence, characterizing swimmer trajectories in the biofilm matrix is of particular interest to understand and optimize this new biocontrol strategy in particular, but also more generally to decipher ecological drivers of population spatial structure in natural biofilms ecosystems. In this study, a new methodology is developed to analyze time-lapse confocal laser scanning images to describe and compare the swimming trajectories of bacilli swimmers populations and their adaptations to the biofilm structure. The method is based on the inference of a kinetic model of swimmer populations including mechanistic interactions with the host biofilm. After validation on synthetic data, the methodology is implemented on images of three different species of motile bacillus species swimming in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The fitted model allows to stratify the swimmer populations by their swimming behavior and provides insights into the mechanisms deployed by the micro-swimmers to adapt their swimming traits to the biofilm matrix. Anyone who has ever cleaned a bathroom probably faced biofilms, the dark, slimy deposits that lurk around taps and pipes. These structures are created by bacteria which abandon their solitary lifestyle to work together as a community, secreting various substances that allow the cells to organise themselves in 3D and to better resist external aggression. Unwanted biofilms can impair industrial operations or endanger health, for example when they form inside medical equipment or water supplies. Removing these structures usually involves massive application of substances which can cause long-term damage to the environment. Recently, researchers have observed that a range of small rod-shaped bacteria – or ‘bacilli’ – can penetrate a harmful biofilm and dig transient tunnels in its 3D structure. These ‘swimmers’ can enhance the penetration of anti-microbial agents, or could even be modified to deliver these molecules right inside the biofilm. However, little is known about how the various types of bacilli, which have very different shapes and propelling systems, can navigate the complex environment that is a biofilm. This knowledge would be essential for scientists to select which swimmers could be the best to harness for industrial and medical applications. To investigate this question, Ravel et al. established a way to track how three species of bacilli swim inside a biofilm compared to in a simple fluid. A mathematical model was created which integrated several swimming behaviors such as speed adaptation and direction changes in response to the structure and density of the biofilm. This modelling was then fitted on microscopy images of the different species navigating the two types of environments. Different motion patterns for the three bacilli emerged, each showing different degrees of adapting to moving inside a biofilm. One species, in particular, was able to run straight in and out of this environment because it could adapt its speed to the biofilm density as well as randomly change direction. The new method developed by Ravel et al. can be redeployed to systematically study swimmer candidates in different types of biofilms. This would allow scientists to examine how various swimming characteristics impact how bacteria-killing chemicals can penetrate the altered biofilms. In addition, as the mathematical model can predict trajectories, it could be used in computational studies to examine which species of bacilli would be best suited in industrial settings.
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36
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You H, Zhang J, Xia S, Wu S. Farmland transfer and esophageal cancer incidence rate: mediation of pollution-related agricultural input intensity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43826-43844. [PMID: 35119636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a growing global health threat. Examining the determinants of cancer incidence can benefit for cancer treatment and prevention. Farmland transfer relates to the risk factors of esophageal cancer including environmental pollution, services access, and habits. This study characterizes the associations between farmland transfer and esophageal cancer incidence rate (ECI) that integrate mediated effect of pollution-related agricultural input intensity in Xiaoshan District, China. The state-space model is employed to quantify the relationships among farmland transfer, pollution-related agricultural input intensity, and ECI. The results showed that (1) Total effects of the proportion of transferred farmland (TFA) area cause a reduction in the ECI. Besides, the total positive effects of the proportion of transferred farmland cultivated non-grain crop (NGC) and proportion of farmland transferred to non-farmer users (NFU) show a downward trend. (2) The raise of TFA can result in the reduction of chemical fertilizer use intensity. Meanwhile, the raise of NGC and NFU can result in the growth of pollution-related agricultural input intensity. But these increasing effects generally show a downward trend. (3) Increasing chemical fertilizer use intensity and pesticide use intensity results in the rise of esophageal cancer incidence rate as a whole. (4) In general, farmland transfer has positive direct effects on esophageal cancer incidence rate. (5) The average proportions of mediated effects in all state-space models are larger than 10%. These findings can raise land reform policy designers' awareness of the risk of public health since the land transfer markets are emerging rapidly in land reform in many developing countries to improve agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyuan You
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jinrong Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Xia
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenyan Wu
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
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37
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Pirotta E, Thomas L, Costa DP, Hall AJ, Harris CM, Harwood J, Kraus SD, Miller PJO, Moore MJ, Photopoulou T, Rolland RM, Schwacke L, Simmons SE, Southall BL, Tyack PL. Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: A new perspective on a longstanding challenge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153322. [PMID: 35074373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife populations and their habitats are exposed to an expanding diversity and intensity of stressors caused by human activities, within the broader context of natural processes and increasing pressure from climate change. Estimating how these multiple stressors affect individuals, populations, and ecosystems is thus of growing importance. However, their combined effects often cannot be predicted reliably from the individual effects of each stressor, and we lack the mechanistic understanding and analytical tools to predict their joint outcomes. We review the science of multiple stressors and present a conceptual framework that captures and reconciles the variety of existing approaches for assessing combined effects. Specifically, we show that all approaches lie along a spectrum, reflecting increasing assumptions about the mechanisms that regulate the action of single stressors and their combined effects. An emphasis on mechanisms improves analytical precision and predictive power but could introduce bias if the underlying assumptions are incorrect. A purely empirical approach has less risk of bias but requires adequate data on the effects of the full range of anticipated combinations of stressor types and magnitudes. We illustrate how this spectrum can be formalised into specific analytical methods, using an example of North Atlantic right whales feeding on limited prey resources while simultaneously being affected by entanglement in fishing gear. In practice, case-specific management needs and data availability will guide the exploration of the stressor combinations of interest and the selection of a suitable trade-off between precision and bias. We argue that the primary goal for adaptive management should be to identify the most practical and effective ways to remove or reduce specific combinations of stressors, bringing the risk of adverse impacts on populations and ecosystems below acceptable thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Pirotta
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Len Thomas
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Ailsa J Hall
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Catriona M Harris
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - John Harwood
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Scott D Kraus
- Anderson-Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Patrick J O Miller
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Michael J Moore
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
| | - Theoni Photopoulou
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Rosalind M Rolland
- Anderson-Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lori Schwacke
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, Johns Island, SC, USA.
| | | | - Brandon L Southall
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Southall Environmental Associates, Inc., Aptos, CA, USA.
| | - Peter L Tyack
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
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38
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Randon M, Dowd M, Joy R. A real-time data assimilative forecasting system for animal tracking. Ecology 2022; 103:e3718. [PMID: 35405019 PMCID: PMC9541799 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring technologies now provide real‐time animal location information, which opens up the possibility of developing forecasting systems to fuse these data with movement models to predict future trajectories. State‐space modeling approaches are well established for retrospective location estimation and behavioral inference through state and parameter estimation. Here we use a state‐space model within a comprehensive data assimilative framework for probabilistic animal movement forecasting. Real‐time location information is combined with stochastic movement model predictions to provide forecasts of future animal locations and trajectories, as well as estimates of key behavioral parameters. Implementation uses ensemble‐based sequential Monte Carlo methods (a particle filter). We first apply the framework to an idealized case using a nondimensional animal movement model based on a continuous‐time random walk process. A set of numerical forecasting experiments demonstrates the workflow and key features, such as the online estimation of behavioral parameters using state augmentation, the use of potential functions for habitat preference, and the role of observation error and sampling frequency on forecast skill. For a realistic demonstration, we adapt the framework to short‐term forecasting of the endangered southern resident killer whale (SRKW) in the Salish Sea using visual sighting information wherein the potential function reflects historical habitat utilization of SRKW. We successfully estimate whale locations up to 2.5 h in advance with a moderate prediction error (<5 km), providing reasonable lead‐in time to mitigate vessel–whale interactions. It is argued that this forecasting framework can be used to synthesize diverse data types and improve animal movement models and behavioral understanding and has the potential to lead to important advances in movement ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Randon
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Dowd
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, 6316 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ruth Joy
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,School of Environmental Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Newman K, King R, Elvira V, de Valpine P, McCrea RS, Morgan BJT. State‐space Models for Ecological Time Series Data: Practical Model‐fitting. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Newman
- School of Mathematics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland Edinburgh UK
| | - Ruth King
- School of Mathematics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Víctor Elvira
- School of Mathematics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Perry de Valpine
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Rachel S. McCrea
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Byron J. T. Morgan
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Kent Canterbury UK
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40
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Whoriskey K, Baktoft H, Field C, Lennox RJ, Babyn J, Lawler E, Mills Flemming J. Predicting aquatic animal movements and behavioural states from acoustic telemetry arrays. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Whoriskey
- Department of Statistics Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Henrik Baktoft
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Chris Field
- Department of Statistics Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Babyn
- Department of Statistics Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Ethan Lawler
- Department of Statistics Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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41
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Li X, Tian H, Piao Z, Wang G, Xiao Z, Sun Y, Gao E, Holyoak M. cameratrapR: An R package for estimating animal density using camera trapping data. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Glennie R, Adam T, Leos‐Barajas V, Michelot T, Photopoulou T, McClintock BT. Hidden Markov Models: Pitfalls and Opportunities in Ecology. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Glennie
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9LZ UK
| | - Timo Adam
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9LZ UK
| | | | - Théo Michelot
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9LZ UK
| | - Theoni Photopoulou
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9LZ UK
| | - Brett T. McClintock
- Marine Mammal Laboratory NOAA‐NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center Seattle USA
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Tourani M. A review of spatial capture-recapture: Ecological insights, limitations, and prospects. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8468. [PMID: 35127014 PMCID: PMC8794757 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
First described by Efford (2004), spatial capture-recapture (SCR) has become a popular tool in ecology. Like traditional capture-recapture, SCR methods account for imperfect detection when estimating ecological parameters. In addition, SCR methods use the information inherent in the spatial configuration of individual detections, thereby allowing spatially explicit estimation of population parameters, such as abundance, survival, and recruitment. Paired with advances in noninvasive survey methods, SCR has been applied to a wide range of species across different habitats, allowing for population- and landscape-level inferences with direct consequences for conservation and management. I conduct a literature review of SCR studies published since the first description of the method and provide an overview of their scope in terms of the ecological questions answered with this tool, taxonomic groups targeted, geography, spatio-temporal extent of analyses, and data collection methods. In addition, I review approaches for analytical implementation and provide an overview of parameters targeted by SCR studies and conclude with current limitations and future directions in SCR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Tourani
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
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Baak JE, Mallory ML, Anderson CM, Auger-Méthé M, Macdonald CA, Janssen MH, Gilchrist HG, Provencher JF, Gutowsky SE. Inter-individual variation in the migratory behaviour of a generalist seabird, the herring gull (Larus smithsoniansus), from the Canadian Arctic. ANIMAL MIGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ami-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The Arctic is warming three times faster than the rest of the globe, causing rapid transformational changes in Arctic ecosystems. As these changes increase, understanding seabird movements will be important for predicting how they respond to climate change, and thus how we plan for conservation. Moreover, as most Arctic-breeding seabirds only spend the breeding season in the Arctic, climate change may also affect them through habitat changes in their non-breeding range. We used Global Location Sensors (GLS) to provide new insights on the movement of Arctic-breeding herring gulls (Larus smithsoniansus) in North America. We tracked gulls that wintered in the Gulf of Mexico (n = 7) or the Great Lakes (n = 1), and found that migratory routes and stopover sites varied between individuals, and between southbound and northbound migration. This inter-individual variation suggests that herring gulls, as a generalist species, can make use of an array of regions during migration, but may be more susceptible to climate change impacts in their overwintering locations than during migration. However, due to our limited sample size, future, multi-year studies are recommended to better understand the impacts of climate change on this Arctic-breeding seabird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Baak
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences , McGill University , Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9 , Canada
| | - Mark L. Mallory
- Department of Biology , Acadia University , Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 , Canada
| | - Christine M. Anderson
- Department of Biology , Carleton University , 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6
| | - Marie Auger-Méthé
- Department of Statistics, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries , University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | | | - Michael H. Janssen
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre , Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3 , Canada
| | - H. Grant Gilchrist
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre , Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3 , Canada
| | - Jennifer F. Provencher
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre , Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3 , Canada
| | - Sarah E. Gutowsky
- Department of Biology , Acadia University , Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 , Canada
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Ward EJ, Anderson SC, Hunsicker ME, Litzow MA. Smoothed dynamic factor analysis for identifying trends in multivariate time series. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Ward
- Conservation Biology Division Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2725 Montlake Blvd E Seattle WA 98112 USA
| | - Sean C. Anderson
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada Nanaimo BC V6T 6N7 Canada
| | - Mary E. Hunsicker
- Fish Ecology Division Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2725 Montlake Blvd E Seattle WA 98112 USA
| | - Michael A. Litzow
- Shellfish Assessment Program Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 301 Research Court. Kodiak AK 99615 USA
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46
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Lennox RJ, Westrelin S, Souza AT, Šmejkal M, Říha M, Prchalová M, Nathan R, Koeck B, Killen S, Jarić I, Gjelland K, Hollins J, Hellstrom G, Hansen H, Cooke SJ, Boukal D, Brooks JL, Brodin T, Baktoft H, Adam T, Arlinghaus R. A role for lakes in revealing the nature of animal movement using high dimensional telemetry systems. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2021; 9:40. [PMID: 34321114 PMCID: PMC8320048 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-021-00244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Movement ecology is increasingly relying on experimental approaches and hypothesis testing to reveal how, when, where, why, and which animals move. Movement of megafauna is inherently interesting but many of the fundamental questions of movement ecology can be efficiently tested in study systems with high degrees of control. Lakes can be seen as microcosms for studying ecological processes and the use of high-resolution positioning systems to triangulate exact coordinates of fish, along with sensors that relay information about depth, temperature, acceleration, predation, and more, can be used to answer some of movement ecology's most pressing questions. We describe how key questions in animal movement have been approached and how experiments can be designed to gather information about movement processes to answer questions about the physiological, genetic, and environmental drivers of movement using lakes. We submit that whole lake telemetry studies have a key role to play not only in movement ecology but more broadly in biology as key scientific arenas for knowledge advancement. New hardware for tracking aquatic animals and statistical tools for understanding the processes underlying detection data will continue to advance the potential for revealing the paradigms that govern movement and biological phenomena not just within lakes but in other realms spanning lands and oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lennox
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (LFI) at NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Nygårdsporten 112, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Samuel Westrelin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, Pôle R&D ECLA, RECOVER, 3275 Route de Cézanne - CS 40061, 13182 Cedex 5, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Allan T Souza
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Šmejkal
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Říha
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Prchalová
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Lab, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 102 Berman Bldg, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barbara Koeck
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shaun Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Karl Gjelland
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jack Hollins
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Gustav Hellstrom
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henry Hansen
- Karlstads University, Universitetsgatan 2, 651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Bergen, Germany
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David Boukal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jill L Brooks
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Baktoft
- Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, Building Silkeborg-039, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Timo Adam
- Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Bergen, Germany
- Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Bergen, Germany
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Caughlin TT, Barber C, Asner GP, Glenn NF, Bohlman SA, Wilson CH. Monitoring tropical forest succession at landscape scales despite uncertainty in Landsat time series. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02208. [PMID: 32627902 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting rates of forest succession at landscape scales will aid global efforts to restore tree cover to millions of hectares of degraded land. While optical satellite remote sensing can detect regional land cover change, quantifying forest structural change is challenging. We developed a state-space modeling framework that applies Landsat satellite data to estimate variability in rates of natural regeneration between sites in a tropical landscape. Our models work by disentangling measurement error in Landsat-derived spectral reflectance from process error related to successional variability. We applied our modeling framework to rank rates of forest succession between 10 naturally regenerating sites in Southwestern Panama from about 2001 to 2015 and tested how different models for measurement error impacted forecast accuracy, ecological inference, and rankings of successional rates between sites. We achieved the greatest increase in forecasting accuracy by adding intra-annual phenological variation to a model based on Landsat-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The best-performing model accounted for inter- and intra-annual noise in spectral reflectance and translated NDVI to canopy height via Landsat-lidar fusion. Modeling forest succession as a function of canopy height rather than NDVI also resulted in more realistic estimates of forest state during early succession, including greater confidence in rank order of successional rates between sites. These results establish the viability of state-space models to quantify ecological dynamics from time series of space-borne imagery. State-space models also provide a statistical approach well-suited to fusing high-resolution data, such as airborne lidar, with lower-resolution data that provides better temporal and spatial coverage, such as the Landsat satellite record. Monitoring forest succession using satellite imagery could play a key role in achieving global restoration targets, including identifying sites that will regain tree cover with minimal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Trevor Caughlin
- Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
| | - Cristina Barber
- Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
| | - Gregory P Asner
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Hilo, Hawaii, 96720, USA
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
| | - Nancy F Glenn
- Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie A Bohlman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Chris H Wilson
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
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