1
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Communicating Nitrogen Loss Mechanisms for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency Management, Focused on Global Wheat. NITROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) losses are a major environmental issue. Globally, crop N fertilizer applications are excessive, and N use efficiency (NUE) is low. N loss represents a significant economic loss to the farmer. NUE is difficult to quantify in real time because of the multiple chemical–biological–physical factors interacting. While there is much scientific understanding of N interactions in the plant–soil system, there is little formal expression of scientific knowledge in farm practice. The objective of this study was to clearly define the factors controlling NUE in wheat production, focusing on N inputs, flows, transformations, and outputs from the plant–soil system. A series of focus groups were conducted with professional agronomists and industry experts, and their technical information was considered alongside a structured literature review. To express this understanding, clear graphical representations are provided in the text. The analysis of the NUE processes revealed 16 management interventions which could be prioritized to increase farm nitrogen use efficiency. These management interventions were grouped into three categories—inputs, flow between pools, and outputs—and include management options through the range of application errors, fertilizer input choice, root development, pests and disease, soil structure, harvesting and storage errors, and soil resources of water, micronutrients, carbon, nitrogen, and pH. It was noted that technical solutions such as fertilizer formulation and managing organic matter require significant supply chain upgrades. It was also noted that farm-scale decision support would be best managed using a risk/probability-based recommender system rather than generic guidelines.
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2
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Lim H, Jämtgård S, Oren R, Gruffman L, Kunz S, Näsholm T. Organic nitrogen enhances nitrogen nutrition and early growth of Pinus sylvestris seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:513-522. [PMID: 34580709 PMCID: PMC8919414 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Boreal trees are capable of taking up organic nitrogen (N) as effectively as inorganic N. Depending on the abundance of soil N forms, plants may adjust physiological and morphological traits to optimize N uptake. However, the link between these traits and N uptake in response to soil N sources is poorly understood. We examined Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings' biomass growth and allocation, transpiration and N uptake in response to additions of organic N (the amino acid arginine) or inorganic N (ammonium nitrate). We also monitored in situ soil N fluxes in the pots following an addition of N, using a microdialysis system. Supplying organic N resulted in a stable soil N flux, whereas the inorganic N resulted in a sharp increase of nitrate flux followed by a rapid decline, demonstrating a fluctuating N supply and a risk for loss of nitrate from the growth medium. Seedlings supplied with organic N achieved a greater biomass with a higher N content, thus reaching a higher N recovery compared with those supplied inorganic N. In spite of a higher N concentration in organic N seedlings, root-to-shoot ratio and transpiration per unit leaf area were similar to those of inorganic N seedlings. We conclude that enhanced seedlings' nutrition and growth under the organic N source may be attributed to a stable supply of N, owing to a strong retention rate in the soil medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Jämtgård
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd 17, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SLU, Skogsmarksgränd 17, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ram Oren
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, Grainger Hall, 9 Circuit Drive, NC 27708-0328, USA
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Gruffman
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd 17, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sabine Kunz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SLU, Skogsmarksgränd 17, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd 17, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SLU, Skogsmarksgränd 17, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Liu B, Han F, Xing K, Zhang A, Rengel Z. The Response of Plants and Mycorrhizal Fungi to Nutritionally-Heterogeneous Environments Are Regulated by Nutrient Types and Plant Functional Groups. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734641. [PMID: 34868118 PMCID: PMC8634332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient type and plant functional group are both important in influencing proliferation of roots or hyphae and their benefit to plant growth in nutritionally heterogeneous environments. However, the studies quantifying relative importance of roots vs. hyphae affecting the plant response to nutrient heterogeneity are lacking. Here, we used meta-analysis based on 879 observations from 66 published studies to evaluate response patterns of seven variables related to growth and morphological traits of plants and mycorrhizal fungi in nutritionally heterogeneous environments. We found that phosphorus [P] and organic fertilizer [OF] supply significantly increased shoot (+18.1 and +25.9%, respectively) and root biomass (+31.1 and +23.0%, respectively) and root foraging precision (+11.8 and +20.4%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference among functional groups of herbs (grasses, forbs, and legumes), between herbs and woody species, and between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species in the shoot, root and mycorrhizal fungi responses to nutrient heterogeneity, except for root biomass and root foraging precision among grasses, forbs, and legumes, and mycorrhizal hyphal foraging precision between AM and ECM tree species. Root diameter was uncorrelated with neither root foraging precision nor mycorrhizal hyphal foraging precision, regardless of mycorrhizal type or nutrient type. These results suggest that plant growth and foraging strategies are mainly influenced by nutrient type, among other factors including plant functional type and mycorrhizal type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitao Liu
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Kaixiong Xing
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
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4
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Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska‐Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon‐Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde‐Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:973-1122. [PMID: 34608637 PMCID: PMC8518129 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T. Freschet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSHCentre PACA, site AgroparcINRAE84914Avignon cedex 9France
| | - Colleen M. Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Louise H. Comas
- USDA‐ARS Water Management Research Unit2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320Fort CollinsCO80526USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna1190Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional EcologyInstitute of Botany CASDukelska 13537901TrebonCzech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesParkowa 562‐035KórnikPoland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG‐2)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHD‐52425JülichGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | | | - Thomas S. Adams
- Department of Plant SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska‐Zadworna
- Department of General BotanyInstitute of Experimental BiologyFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 661-614PoznańPoland
| | - A. Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee,DD2 5DAUK
- School of Science and EngineeringUniversity of DundeeDundee,DD1 4HNUK
| | | | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and BiogeochemistrySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1085Amsterdam1081 HVthe Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest DynamicsSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN55108USA
| | - Ina C. Meier
- Functional Forest EcologyUniversity of HamburgHaidkrugsweg 122885BarsbütelGermany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 476700 AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University935 Ramsey Lake RoadSudburyONP3E 2C6Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental SciencesCMLLeiden UniversityLeiden2300 RAthe Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAEAMAPCIRAD, IRDCNRSUniversity of MontpellierMontpellier34000France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Oscar J. Valverde‐Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical BotanyDepartment of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL33199USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 21-23Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia140 E. Green StreetAthensGA30602USA
| | - Larry M. York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sarah A. Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for ClimateUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem StudiesMillbrookNY12545USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of BotanyInstitute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Goiás1974690-900Goiânia, GoiásBrazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley (Perth)WA 6009Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawley (Perth)WAAustralia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - M. Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree ScienceMorton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53LisleIL60532USA
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5
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Henriksson N, Lim H, Marshall J, Franklin O, McMurtrie RE, Lutter R, Magh R, Lundmark T, Näsholm T. Tree water uptake enhances nitrogen acquisition in a fertilized boreal forest - but not under nitrogen-poor conditions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:113-122. [PMID: 34166537 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how plant water uptake interacts with acquisition of soil nitrogen (N) and other nutrients is fundamental for predicting plant responses to a changing environment, but it is an area where models disagree. We present a novel isotopic labelling approach which reveals spatial patterns of water and N uptake, and their interaction, by trees. The stable isotopes 15 N and 2 H were applied to a small area of the forest floor in stands with high and low soil N availability. Uptake by surrounding trees was measured. The sensitivity of N acquisition to water uptake was quantified by statistical modelling. Trees in the high-N stand acquired twice as much 15 N as in the low-N stand and around half of their N uptake was dependent on water uptake (2 H enrichment). By contrast, in the low-N stand there was no positive effect of water uptake on N uptake. We conclude that tree N acquisition was only marginally dependent on water flux toward the root surface under low-N conditions whereas under high-N conditions, the water-associated N uptake was substantial. The results suggest a fundamental shift in N acquisition strategy under high-N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Henriksson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
| | - Hyungwoo Lim
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Oskar Franklin
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
| | - Ross E McMurtrie
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Reimo Lutter
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, EE-510 06, Estonia
| | - Ruth Magh
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
| | - Tomas Lundmark
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
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6
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Luo W, Ni M, Wang Y, Lan R, Eissenstat DM, Cahill JF, Li B, Chu C. Limited evidence of vertical fine-root segregation in a subtropical forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:2308-2318. [PMID: 34110016 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vertical root segregation and the resulting niche partitioning can be a key underpinning of species coexistence. This could result from substantial interspecific variations in root profiles and rooting plasticity in response to soil heterogeneity and neighbours, but they remain largely untested in forest communities. In a diverse forest in subtropical China, we randomly sampled > 4000 root samples from 625 0-30 cm soil profiles. Using morphological and DNA-based methods, we identified 109 woody plant species, determined the degree of vertical fine-root segregation, and examined rooting plasticity in response to soil heterogeneity and neighbour structure. We found no evidence of vertical fine-root segregation among cooccurring species. By contrast, root abundance of different species tended to be positively correlated within soil zones. Underlying these findings was a lack of interspecific variation in fine-root profiles with over 90% of species concentrated in the 0-10 cm soil zone with only one species dominating in the 10-20 cm soil zone. Root profiles exhibited low responsiveness to root neighbours but tended to be shallow in soils with low phosphorus and copper content. These findings suggest that if there is niche differentiation leading to coexistence in this diverse forest, it would be occurring by mechanisms other than vertical fine-root segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ming Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Youshi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Runxuan Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - David M Eissenstat
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - James F Cahill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Buhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chengjin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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7
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Perkowski EA, Waring EF, Smith NG. Root mass carbon costs to acquire nitrogen are determined by nitrogen and light availability in two species with different nitrogen acquisition strategies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5766-5776. [PMID: 34114621 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant nitrogen acquisition requires carbon to be allocated belowground to build roots and sustain microbial associations. This carbon cost to acquire nitrogen varies by nitrogen acquisition strategy; however, the degree to which these costs vary due to nitrogen availability or demand has not been well tested under controlled conditions. We grew a species capable of forming associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Glycine max) and a species not capable of forming such associations (Gossypium hirsutum) under four soil nitrogen levels to manipulate nitrogen availability and four light levels to manipulate nitrogen demand in a full-factorial greenhouse experiment. We quantified carbon costs to acquire nitrogen as the ratio of total root carbon to whole-plant nitrogen within each treatment combination. In both species, light availability increased carbon costs due to a larger increase in root carbon than whole-plant nitrogen, while nitrogen fertilization generally decreased carbon costs due to a larger increase in whole-plant nitrogen than root carbon. Nodulation data indicated that G. max shifted relative carbon allocation from nitrogen fixation to direct uptake with increased nitrogen fertilization. These findings suggest that carbon costs to acquire nitrogen are modified by changes in light and nitrogen availability in species with and without associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Perkowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Waring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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8
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Rasmussen CR, Kulmatiski A. Improving Inferences from Hydrological Isotope Techniques. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:206-209. [PMID: 33454210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant water isotopic compositions are widely used to describe patterns of soils water uptake. Although valuable, the technique only provides relative uptake distributions, which can be misleading. Without information on total transpiration, the technique cannot address central questions on drought response, competition, and species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ruø Rasmussen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Croix du Sud L7.05.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Andrew Kulmatiski
- Utah State University, Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Logan, UT 84322-5230, USA
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9
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Burridge JD, Black CK, Nord EA, Postma JA, Sidhu JS, York LM, Lynch JP. An Analysis of Soil Coring Strategies to Estimate Root Depth in Maize ( Zea mays) and Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris). PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:3252703. [PMID: 33313549 PMCID: PMC7706327 DOI: 10.34133/2020/3252703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A soil coring protocol was developed to cooptimize the estimation of root length distribution (RLD) by depth and detection of functionally important variation in root system architecture (RSA) of maize and bean. The functional-structural model OpenSimRoot was used to perform in silico soil coring at six locations on three different maize and bean RSA phenotypes. Results were compared to two seasons of field soil coring and one trench. Two one-sided T-test (TOST) analysis of in silico data suggests a between-row location 5 cm from plant base (location 3), best estimates whole-plot RLD/D of deep, intermediate, and shallow RSA phenotypes, for both maize and bean. Quadratic discriminant analysis indicates location 3 has ~70% categorization accuracy for bean, while an in-row location next to the plant base (location 6) has ~85% categorization accuracy in maize. Analysis of field data suggests the more representative sampling locations vary by year and species. In silico and field studies suggest location 3 is most robust, although variation is significant among seasons, among replications within a field season, and among field soil coring, trench, and simulations. We propose that the characterization of the RLD profile as a dynamic rhizo canopy effectively describes how the RLD profile arises from interactions among an individual plant, its neighbors, and the pedosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Burridge
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Science, Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Christopher K. Black
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Science, Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Eric A. Nord
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Science, Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, Greenville University, 315 E. College Ave, Greenville, IL 62246, USA
| | - Johannes A. Postma
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio-and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jagdeep S. Sidhu
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Science, Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Larry M. York
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Science, Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Lynch
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Science, Tyson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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10
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Zeng W, Xiang W, Zhou B, Ouyang S, Zeng Y, Chen L, Freschet GT, Valverde‐Barrantes OJ, Milcu A. Positive tree diversity effect on fine root biomass: via density dependence rather than spatial root partitioning. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Zeng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South Univ. of Forestry and Technology CN‐410004 Changsha Hunan Province PR China
| | - Wenhua Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South Univ. of Forestry and Technology CN‐410004 Changsha Hunan Province PR China
- Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province CN‐438107 Huitong PR China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South Univ. of Forestry and Technology CN‐410004 Changsha Hunan Province PR China
| | - Shuai Ouyang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South Univ. of Forestry and Technology CN‐410004 Changsha Hunan Province PR China
- Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province CN‐438107 Huitong PR China
| | - Yelin Zeng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South Univ. of Forestry and Technology CN‐410004 Changsha Hunan Province PR China
- Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province CN‐438107 Huitong PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South Univ. of Forestry and Technology CN‐410004 Changsha Hunan Province PR China
- Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province CN‐438107 Huitong PR China
| | - Grégoire T. Freschet
- Centre Ecologie Fonctionnelle Evolutive, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Univ. Paul Valéry, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
| | | | - Alexandru Milcu
- Centre Ecologie Fonctionnelle Evolutive, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Univ. Paul Valéry, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
- Ecotron Européen de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS Montferrier sur Lez France
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11
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Kulmatiski A, Beard KH, Holdrege MC, February EC. Small differences in root distributions allow resource niche partitioning. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9776-9787. [PMID: 33005344 PMCID: PMC7520225 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep roots have long been thought to allow trees to coexist with shallow-rooted grasses. However, data demonstrating how root distributions affect water uptake and niche partitioning are uncommon.We describe tree and grass root distributions using a depth-specific tracer experiment six times over two years in a subtropical savanna, Kruger National Park, South Africa. These point-in-time measurements were then used in a soil water flow model to simulate continuous water uptake by depth and plant growth form (trees and grasses) across two growing seasons. This allowed estimates of the total amount of water a root distribution could absorb as well as the amount of water a root distribution could absorb in excess of the other rooting distribution (i.e., unique hydrological niche).Most active tree and grass roots were in shallow soils: The mean depth of water uptake was 22 cm for trees and 17 cm for grasses. Slightly deeper rooting distributions provided trees with 5% more soil water than the grasses in a drier season, but 13% less water in a wetter season. Small differences also provided each rooting distribution (tree or grass) with unique hydrological niches of 4 to 13 mm water.The effect of rooting distributions has long been inferred. By quantifying the depth and timing of water uptake, we demonstrated how even small differences in rooting distributions can provide plants with resource niches that can contribute to species coexistence. Differences in total water uptake and unique hydrological niche sizes were small in this system, but they indicated that tradeoffs in rooting strategies can be expected to contribute to tree and grass coexistence because 1) competitive advantages change over time and 2) plant growth forms always have access to a soil resource pool that is not available to the other plant growth form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kulmatiski
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
| | - Karen H. Beard
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
| | - Martin C. Holdrege
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
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12
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Kühnhammer K, Kübert A, Brüggemann N, Deseano Diaz P, van Dusschoten D, Javaux M, Merz S, Vereecken H, Dubbert M, Rothfuss Y. Investigating the root plasticity response of Centaurea jacea to soil water availability changes from isotopic analysis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:98-110. [PMID: 31792975 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Root water uptake is a key ecohydrological process for which a physically based understanding has been developed in the past decades. However, due to methodological constraints, knowledge gaps remain about the plastic response of whole plant root systems to a rapidly changing environment. We designed a laboratory system for nondestructive monitoring of stable isotopic composition in plant transpiration of a herbaceous species (Centaurea jacea) and of soil water across depths, taking advantage of newly developed in situ methods. Daily root water uptake profiles were obtained using a statistical Bayesian multisource mixing model. Fast shifts in the isotopic composition of both soil and transpiration water could be observed with the setup and translated into dynamic and pronounced shifts of the root water uptake profile, even in well watered conditions. The incorporation of plant physiological and soil physical information into statistical modelling improved the model output. A simple exercise of water balance closure underlined the nonunique relationship between root water uptake profile on the one hand, and water content and root distribution profiles on the other, illustrating the continuous adaption of the plant water uptake as a function of its root hydraulic architecture and soil water availability during the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kühnhammer
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelika Kübert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Paulina Deseano Diaz
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dagmar van Dusschoten
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mathieu Javaux
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Steffen Merz
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Youri Rothfuss
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
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13
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Zaiats A, Lazarus BE, Germino MJ, Serpe MD, Richardson BA, Buerki S, Caughlin TT. Intraspecific variation in surface water uptake in a perennial desert shrub. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Zaiats
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
| | - Brynne E. Lazarus
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise ID USA
| | - Matthew J. Germino
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise ID USA
| | - Marcelo D. Serpe
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
| | | | - Sven Buerki
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
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14
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Yang B, Gong J, Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhu C, Shi J, Liu M, Liu Y, Li X. Stabilization of carbon sequestration in a Chinese desert steppe benefits from increased temperatures and from precipitation outside the growing season. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:263-277. [PMID: 31323572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The carbon (C) dynamics of desert steppes play an important role in the C budget of temperate steppes. Using the Terrestrial Ecosystem Regional model (TECO-R) model for desert steppes, we examined the dynamics and potential driving mechanisms for C stocks at different temporal and spatial scales from 2000 to 2017 in northern China. The ecosystem C density averaged 2.73 kg C m-2 and soil organic C accounted for 91.6%. The grassland biome stored 2.85 kg C m-2, which is higher than the shrub biome (2.19 kg C m-2). The ecosystem storage increased by an average of 27.75 g C m-2 yr-1, with the fastest increase in the southeastern part of the study area. The grassland biome storage increased by an average of 33.54 g C m-2 yr-1, versus 25.74 g C m-2 yr-1 for the shrub biome. The desert steppe C stock totaled 288.29 Tg C, and increased at 3.09 Tg C yr-1. An average of >45% of the aboveground biomass was browsed by livestock. The growing season precipitation was significantly positively correlated with changes in the C stock. Increasing temperature was negatively correlated with the C stock, especially for soil carbon. Precipitation was an important driving factor, but warming interacted with precipitation to affect C sequestration during the growing season. Outside the growing season, the increased precipitation and temperature stabilized C sequestration in the desert steppe. This improved understanding of feedbacks between the desert steppe's C cycle and climate will improve predictions of C dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems and of the impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jirui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiayu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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15
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Barry KE, van Ruijven J, Mommer L, Bai Y, Beierkuhnlein C, Buchmann N, de Kroon H, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Guimarães-Steinicke C, Hildebrandt A, Isbell F, Milcu A, Neßhöver C, Reich PB, Roscher C, Sauheitl L, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Tilman D, von Felten S, Weigelt A. Limited evidence for spatial resource partitioning across temperate grassland biodiversity experiments. Ecology 2019; 101:e02905. [PMID: 31560129 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Locally, plant species richness supports many ecosystem functions. Yet, the mechanisms driving these often-positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are not well understood. Spatial resource partitioning across vertical resource gradients is one of the main hypothesized causes for enhanced ecosystem functioning in more biodiverse grasslands. Spatial resource partitioning occurs if species differ in where they acquire resources and can happen both above- and belowground. However, studies investigating spatial resource partitioning in grasslands provide inconsistent evidence. We present the results of a meta-analysis of 21 data sets from experimental species-richness gradients in grasslands. We test the hypothesis that increasing spatial resource partitioning along vertical resource gradients enhances ecosystem functioning in diverse grassland plant communities above- and belowground. To test this hypothesis, we asked three questions. (1) Does species richness enhance biomass production or community resource uptake across sites? (2) Is there evidence of spatial resource partitioning as indicated by resource tracer uptake and biomass allocation above- and belowground? (3) Is evidence of spatial resource partitioning correlated with increased biomass production or community resource uptake? Although plant species richness enhanced community nitrogen and potassium uptake and biomass production above- and belowground, we found that plant communities did not meet our criteria for spatial resource partitioning, though they did invest in significantly more aboveground biomass in higher canopy layers in mixture relative to monoculture. Furthermore, the extent of spatial resource partitioning across studies was not positively correlated with either biomass production or community resource uptake. Our results suggest that spatial resource partitioning across vertical resource gradients alone does not offer a general explanation for enhanced ecosystem functioning in more diverse temperate grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Barry
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, NL-6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, NL-6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Yongfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research, Universitätstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, NL-6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Burgweg 11, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Claudia Guimarães-Steinicke
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Anke Hildebrandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Burgweg 11, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Alexandru Milcu
- The European Ecotron of Montpellier (UPS-3248), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Campus Bailarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.,Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (UMR 5175), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EPHE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Carsten Neßhöver
- Department of Conservation Biology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, 2753, Australia
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Leopold Sauheitl
- Institute of Soil Science, University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, Hannover, 30419, Germany.,Department of Soil Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.,Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106-5131, USA
| | - Stefanie von Felten
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Oikostat GmbH, Ettiswil, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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16
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Bueno A, Pritsch K, Simon J. Species-Specific Outcome in the Competition for Nitrogen Between Invasive and Native Tree Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:337. [PMID: 30984215 PMCID: PMC6449475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of competition for nitrogen (N) between native and invasive tree species is a major concern when considering increasing anthropogenic N deposition. Our study investigated whether three native (i.e., Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, and Pinus sylvestris) and two invasive woody species (i.e., Prunus serotina and Robinia pseudoacacia) showed different responses regarding morphological and physiological parameters (i.e., biomass and growth indices, inorganic vs. organic N acquisition strategies, and N allocation to N pools) depending on the identity of the competing species, and whether these responses were mediated by soil N availability. In a greenhouse experiment, tree seedlings were planted either single or in native-invasive competition at low and high soil N availability. We measured inorganic and organic N acquisition using 15N labeling, total biomass, growth indices, as well as total soluble amino acid-N and protein-N levels in the leaves and fine roots of the seedlings. Our results indicate that invasive species have a competitive advantage via high growth rates, whereas native species could avoid competition with invasives via their higher organic N acquisition suggesting a better access to organic soil N sources. Moreover, native species responded to competition with distinct species- and parameter-specific strategies that were partly mediated by soil N availability. Native tree seedlings in general showed a stronger response to invasive P. serotina than R. pseudoacacia, and their strategies to cope with competition reflect the different species' life history strategies and physiological traits. Considering the responses of native and invasive species, our results suggest that specifically Q. robur seedlings have a competitive advantage over those of R. pseudoacacia but not P. serotina. Furthermore, native and invasive species show stronger responses to higher soil N availability under competition compared to when growing single. In conclusion, our study provides insights into the potential for niche differentiation between native and invasive species by using different N forms available in the soil, the combined effects of increased soil N availability and competition on tree seedling N nutrition, as well as the species-specific nature of competition between native and invasive tree seedlings which could be relevant for forest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bueno
- Plant Interactions Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judy Simon
- Plant Interactions Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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17
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Dybzinski R, Kelvakis A, McCabe J, Panock S, Anuchitlertchon K, Vasarhelyi L, McCormack ML, McNickle GG, Poorter H, Trinder C, Farrior CE. How are nitrogen availability, fine-root mass, and nitrogen uptake related empirically? Implications for models and theory. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:885-899. [PMID: 30536492 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of global change in terrestrial communities requires an understanding of how limiting resources interact with plant traits to affect productivity. Here, we focus on nitrogen and ask whether plant community nitrogen uptake rate is determined (a) by nitrogen availability alone or (b) by the product of nitrogen availability and fine-root mass. Surprisingly, this is not empirically resolved. We performed controlled microcosm experiments and reanalyzed published pot experiments and field data to determine the relationship between community-level nitrogen uptake rate, nitrogen availability, and fine-root mass for 46 unique combinations of species, nitrogen levels, and growing conditions. We found that plant community nitrogen uptake rate was unaffected by fine-root mass in 63% of cases and saturated with fine-root mass in 29% of cases (92% in total). In contrast, plant community nitrogen uptake rate was clearly affected by nitrogen availability. The results support the idea that although plants may over-proliferate fine roots for individual-level competition, it comes without an increase in community-level nitrogen uptake. The results have implications for the mechanisms included in coupled carbon-nitrogen terrestrial biosphere models (CN-TBMs) and are consistent with CN-TBMs that operate above the individual scale and omit fine-root mass in equations of nitrogen uptake rate but inconsistent with the majority of CN-TBMs, which operate above the individual scale and include fine-root mass in equations of nitrogen uptake rate. For the much smaller number of CN-TBMs that explicitly model individual-based belowground competition for nitrogen, the results suggest that the relative (not absolute) fine-root mass of competing individuals should be included in the equations that determine individual-level nitrogen uptake rates. By providing empirical data to support the assumptions used in CN-TBMs, we put their global climate change predictions on firmer ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Dybzinski
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Angelo Kelvakis
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John McCabe
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samantha Panock
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Leah Vasarhelyi
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Gordon G McNickle
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Trinder
- School of Biological Sciences, Cruickshank Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Caroline E Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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18
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Antunes C, Chozas S, West J, Zunzunegui M, Diaz Barradas MC, Vieira S, Máguas C. Groundwater drawdown drives ecophysiological adjustments of woody vegetation in a semi-arid coastal ecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4894-4908. [PMID: 30030867 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Predicted droughts and anthropogenic water use will increase groundwater lowering rates and intensify groundwater limitation, particularly for Mediterranean semi-arid ecosystems. These hydrological changes may be expected to elicit differential functional responses of vegetation either belowground or aboveground. Yet, our ability to predict the impacts of groundwater changes on these ecosystems is still poor. Thus, we sought to better understand the impact of falling water table on the physiology of woody vegetation. We specifically ask (a) how is woody vegetation ecophysiological performance affected by water table depth during the dry season? and (b) does the vegetation response to increasing depth to groundwater differ among water-use functional types? We examined a suite of physiological parameters and water-uptake depths of the dominant, functionally distinct woody vegetation along a water-table depth gradient in a Mediterranean semi-arid coastal ecosystem that is currently experiencing anthropogenic groundwater extraction pressure. We found that groundwater drawdown did negatively affect the ecophysiological performance of the woody vegetation. Across all studied environmental factors, depth to groundwater was the most important driver of ecophysiological adjustments. Plant functional types, independent of groundwater dependence, showed consistent declines in water content and generally reduced C and N acquisition with increasing depths to groundwater. Functional types showed distinct operating physiological ranges, but common physiological sensitivity to greater water table depth. Thus, although differences in water-source use exist, a physiological convergence appeared to happen among different functional types. These results strongly suggest that hydrological drought has an important impact on fundamental physiological processes, constraining the performance of woody vegetation under semi-arid conditions. By disentangling the functional responses and vulnerability of woody vegetation to groundwater limitation, our study establishes the basis for predicting the physiological responses of woody vegetation in semi-arid coastal ecosystems to groundwater drawdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Antunes
- Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- PPG - Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sergio Chozas
- Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jason West
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Maria Zunzunegui
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Simone Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Tredennick AT, Kleinhesselink AR, Taylor JB, Adler PB. Ecosystem functional response across precipitation extremes in a sagebrush steppe. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4485. [PMID: 29576958 PMCID: PMC5855887 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Precipitation is predicted to become more variable in the western United States, meaning years of above and below average precipitation will become more common. Periods of extreme precipitation are major drivers of interannual variability in ecosystem functioning in water limited communities, but how ecosystems respond to these extremes over the long-term may shift with precipitation means and variances. Long-term changes in ecosystem functional response could reflect compensatory changes in species composition or species reaching physiological thresholds at extreme precipitation levels. Methods We conducted a five year precipitation manipulation experiment in a sagebrush steppe ecosystem in Idaho, United States. We used drought and irrigation treatments (approximately 50% decrease/increase) to investigate whether ecosystem functional response remains consistent under sustained high or low precipitation. We recorded data on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), species abundance, and soil moisture. We fit a generalized linear mixed effects model to determine if the relationship between ANPP and soil moisture differed among treatments. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling to quantify community composition over the five years. Results Ecosystem functional response, defined as the relationship between soil moisture and ANPP, was similar among irrigation and control treatments, but the drought treatment had a greater slope than the control treatment. However, all estimates for the effect of soil moisture on ANPP overlapped zero, indicating the relationship is weak and uncertain regardless of treatment. There was also large spatial variation in ANPP within-years, which contributes to the uncertainty of the soil moisture effect. Plant community composition was remarkably stable over the course of the experiment and did not differ among treatments. Discussion Despite some evidence that ecosystem functional response became more sensitive under sustained drought conditions, the response of ANPP to soil moisture was consistently weak and community composition was stable. The similarity of ecosystem functional responses across treatments was not related to compensatory shifts at the plant community level, but instead may reflect the insensitivity of the dominant species to soil moisture. These species may be successful precisely because they have evolved life history strategies that buffer them against precipitation variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America
| | - Andrew R Kleinhesselink
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - J Bret Taylor
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID, United States of America
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America
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Guderle M, Bachmann D, Milcu A, Gockele A, Bechmann M, Fischer C, Roscher C, Landais D, Ravel O, Devidal S, Roy J, Gessler A, Buchmann N, Weigelt A, Hildebrandt A. Dynamic niche partitioning in root water uptake facilitates efficient water use in more diverse grassland plant communities. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Guderle
- Friedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaInstitute of Geosciences Jena Germany
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem ManagementTechnische Universität München Freising Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Biogeochemical Processes Jena Germany
| | - Dörte Bachmann
- Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alexandru Milcu
- CNRS, Ecotron ‐ UPS 3248 Montferrier‐sur‐Lez France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et EvolutiveCEFE‐CNRSUMR 5175Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry – EPHE Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Annette Gockele
- Department of GeobotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Marcel Bechmann
- Friedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaInstitute of Geosciences Jena Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Biogeochemical Processes Jena Germany
| | - Christine Fischer
- Friedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaInstitute of Geosciences Jena Germany
- Department of Conservation BiologyUFZHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany
| | - Christiane Roscher
- Department of Physiological DiversityUFZHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jacques Roy
- CNRS, Ecotron ‐ UPS 3248 Montferrier‐sur‐Lez France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Anke Hildebrandt
- Friedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaInstitute of Geosciences Jena Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Biogeochemical Processes Jena Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
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