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Kulkarni DH, Starick M, Aponte Alburquerque R, Kulkarni HS. Local complement activation and modulation in mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00047-3. [PMID: 38838816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily conserved arm of innate immunity, which forms one of the first lines of host response to pathogens and assists in the clearance of debris. A deficiency in key activators/amplifiers of the cascade results in recurrent infection, whereas a deficiency in regulating the cascade predisposes to accelerated organ failure, as observed in colitis and transplant rejection. Given that there are over 60 proteins in this system, it has become an attractive target for immunotherapeutics, many of which are United States Food and Drug Administration-approved or in multiple phase 2/3 clinical trials. Moreover, there have been key advances in the last few years in the understanding of how the complement system operates locally in tissues, independent of its activities in circulation. In this review, we will put into perspective the abovementioned discoveries to optimally modulate the spatiotemporal nature of complement activation and regulation at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesha H Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marick Starick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rafael Aponte Alburquerque
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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2
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Wu J, Sun X, Jiang P. Metabolism-inflammasome crosstalk shapes innate and adaptive immunity. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:884-903. [PMID: 38759617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a central component of innate immunity and play a vital role in regulating innate immune response. Activation of inflammasomes is also indispensable for adaptive immunity, modulating the development and response of adaptive immunity. Recently, increasing studies have shown that metabolic alterations and adaptations strongly influence and regulate the differentiation and function of the immune system. In this review, we will take a holistic view of how inflammasomes bridge innate and adaptive (especially T cell) immunity and how inflammasomes crosstalk with metabolic signals during the immune responses. And, special attention will be paid to the metabolic control of inflammasome-mediated interactions between innate and adaptive immunity in disease. Understanding the metabolic regulatory functions of inflammasomes would provide new insights into future research directions in this area and may help to identify potential targets for inflammasome-associated diseases and broaden therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
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3
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Maffia P, Mauro C, Case A, Kemper C. Canonical and non-canonical roles of complement in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01016-y. [PMID: 38600367 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, and atherosclerosis is the major contributor to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Immune responses have a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with the complement system being an acknowledged contributor. Chronic activation of liver-derived and serum-circulating canonical complement sustains endothelial inflammation and innate immune cell activation, and deposition of complement activation fragments on inflamed endothelial cells is a hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques. However, increasing evidence indicates that liver-independent, cell-autonomous and non-canonical complement activities are underappreciated contributors to atherosclerosis. Furthermore, complement activation can also have atheroprotective properties. These specific detrimental or beneficial contributions of the complement system to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are dictated by the location of complement activation and engagement of its canonical versus non-canonical functions in a temporal fashion during atherosclerosis progression. In this Review, we summarize the classical and the emerging non-classical roles of the complement system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and discuss potential strategies for therapeutic modulation of complement for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Maffia
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence (CoRE) in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA) & The Guild, Accra, Ghana
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ayden Case
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Nguyen VD, Hughes TR, Zhou Y. From complement to complosome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: When location matters. Liver Int 2024; 44:316-329. [PMID: 38010880 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health threat and becoming the leading cause of liver transplantation. Nevertheless, no approved specific treatment is currently available for NAFLD. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifaceted and not yet fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant role of the complement system in the development and progression of NAFLD. Here, we provide an overview of the complement system, incorporating the novel concept of complosome, and summarise the up-to-date evidence elucidating the association between complement dysregulation and the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this process, the extracellular complement system is activated through various pathways, thereby directly contributing to, or working together with other immune cells in the disease development and progression. We also introduce the complosome and assess the evidence that implicates its potential influence in NAFLD through its direct impact on hepatocytes or non-parenchymal liver cells. Additionally, we expound upon how complement system and the complosome may exert their effects in relation with hepatic zonation in NAFLD. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the complement system, extracellularly and intracellularly, for NAFLD treatment. Finally, we present future perspectives towards a better understanding of the complement system's contribution to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Dien Nguyen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - You Zhou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Chu L, Bi C, Wang C, Zhou H. The Relationship between Complements and Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Pathogenesis. J Ophthalmol 2024; 2024:6416773. [PMID: 38205100 PMCID: PMC10776198 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6416773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is a retinal disease that causes permanent loss of central vision in people over the age of 65. Its pathogenesis may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, complement, intestinal flora, and lipid disorders. In addition, the patient's genes, age, gender, cardiovascular disease, unhealthy diet, and living habits may also be risk factors for this disease. Complement proteins are widely distributed in serum and tissue fluid. In the early 21st century, a connection was found between the complement cascade and age-related macular degeneration. However, little is known about the effect of complement factors on the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. This article reviews the factors associated with age-related macular degeneration, the relationship between each factor and complement, the related functions, and variants and provides new ideas for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaoran Bi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Caiming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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You D, Nie K, Wu X, Weng M, Yang L, Chen Y, Cui J, Wan J. C3a/C3aR synergies with TGF-β to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells via the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Transl Med 2023; 21:904. [PMID: 38082306 PMCID: PMC10714586 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement component 3a and its receptor (C3a/C3aR) and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contribute to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the relationship between C3a/C3aR and the NLRP3 inflammasome in EMT remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of C3a/C3aR and the NLRP3 inflammasome involved in TGF-β-induced EMT. METHOD Mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (TCMK-1) were exposed to C3a and TGF-β for 48 h. C3aR antagonist, MCC950, an inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome and PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK signaling, were respectively applied to pretreat the cells at 30 min before C3a and TGF-β administration.The cells were collected for western blot, immunofluorescence staining and ELISA. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models were established using male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and age-matched C3aR-deficient mice. MCC950 was intraperitoneally injected in UUO mice. Kidney samples were collected for immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS In vitro, C3a synergized with TGF-β to promote EMT and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Inhibition of C3aR attenuated EMT and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome alleviated EMT but didn't affect the expression of C3aR. Inhibition of ERK signaling inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In vivo, the expression of IL-1β was significantly higher in UUO mice compared to the sham-operated mice. C3aR deficiency and inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome contributed to decreased IL-1β in UUO mice. CONCLUSION Our data revealed that C3a/C3aR synergies with TGF-β to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells through ERK signaling, and the way in which C3aR activates the inflammasome is to promote the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu You
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Kun Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Mengjie Weng
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Liyan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Jiong Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Jianxin Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
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Zaderer V, Abd El Halim H, Wyremblewsky AL, Lupoli G, Dächert C, Muenchhoff M, Graf A, Blum H, Lass-Flörl C, Keppler OT, Huber LA, Posch W, Wilflingseder D. Omicron subvariants illustrate reduced respiratory tissue penetration, cell damage and inflammatory responses in human airway epithelia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258268. [PMID: 37915577 PMCID: PMC10616953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To explore whether the reported lower pathogenicity in infected individuals of variant of concern (VoC) Omicron and its current subvariants compared to VoC Delta may be related to fundamental differences in the initial virus-tissue interaction, we assessed their ability to penetrate, replicate and cause damage in a human 3D respiratory model. Methods For this, we used TEER measurements, real-time PCR, LDH, cytokine and complex confocal imaging analyses. Results and discussion We observed that Delta readily penetrated deep into the respiratory epithelium and this was associated with major tissue destruction, high LDH activity, high viral loads and pronounced innate immune activation as observed by intrinsic C3 activation and IL-6 release at infection sites. In contrast, Omicron subvariants BA.5, BQ.1.1 and BF7 remained superficially in the mucosal layer resulting merely in outward-directed destruction of cells, maintenance of epithelial integrity, minimal LDH activity and low basolateral release of virus at infection sites, as well as significantly smaller areas of complement activation and lower IL-6 secretion. Interestingly, also within Omicron subvariants differences were observed with newer Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and BF.7 illustrating significantly reduced viral loads, IL-6 release and LDH activity compared to BA.5. Our data indicate that earliest interaction events after SARS-CoV-2 transmission may have a role in shaping disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Zaderer
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hussam Abd El Halim
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna-Lena Wyremblewsky
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gaia Lupoli
- Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Dächert
- Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver T. Keppler
- Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- ADSI - Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Kareem S, Jacob A, Mathew J, Quigg RJ, Alexander JJ. Complement: Functions, location and implications. Immunology 2023; 170:180-192. [PMID: 37222083 PMCID: PMC10524990 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an arm of the innate immune system plays a critical role in both health and disease. The complement system is highly complex with dual possibilities, helping or hurting the host, depending on the location and local microenvironment. The traditionally known functions of complement include surveillance, pathogen recognition, immune complex trafficking, processing and pathogen elimination. The noncanonical functions of the complement system include their roles in development, differentiation, local homeostasis and other cellular functions. Complement proteins are present in both, the plasma and on the membranes. Complement activation occurs both extra- and intracellularly, which leads to considerable pleiotropy in their activity. In order to design more desirable and effective therapies, it is important to understand the different functions of complement, and its location-based and tissue-specific responses. This manuscript will provide a brief overview into the complex nature of the complement cascade, outlining some of their complement-independent functions, their effects at different locale, and their implication in disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Kareem
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Alexander Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - John Mathew
- Department of Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Richard J Quigg
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Jessy J Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
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Keane RW, Hadad R, Scott XO, Cabrera Ranaldi EDLRM, Pérez-Bárcena J, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Neural-Cardiac Inflammasome Axis after Traumatic Brain Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1382. [PMID: 37895853 PMCID: PMC10610322 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects not only the brain but also peripheral organs like the heart and the lungs, which influences long-term outcomes. A heightened systemic inflammatory response is often induced after TBI, but the underlying pathomechanisms that contribute to co-morbidities remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether extracellular vehicles (EVs) containing inflammasome proteins are released after severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) in C57BL/6 mice and cause activation of inflammasomes in the heart that result in tissue damage. The atrium of injured mice at 3 days after TBI showed a significant increase in the levels of the inflammasome proteins AIM2, ASC, caspases-1, -8 and -11, whereas IL-1β was increased in the ventricles. Additionally, the injured cortex showed a significant increase in IL-1β, ASC, caspases-1, -8 and -11 and pyrin at 3 days after injury when compared to the sham. Serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from injured patients were characterized with nanoparticle tracking analysis and Ella Simple Plex and showed elevated levels of the inflammasome proteins caspase-1, ASC and IL-18. Mass spectrometry of serum-derived EVs from mice after TBI revealed a variety of complement- and cardiovascular-related signaling proteins. Moreover, adoptive transfer of serum-derived EVs from TBI patients resulted in inflammasome activation in cardiac cells in culture. Thus, TBI elicits inflammasome activation, primarily in the atrium, that is mediated, in part, by EVs that contain inflammasome- and complement-related signaling proteins that are released into serum and contribute to peripheral organ systemic inflammation, which increases inflammasome activation in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.W.K.); (E.d.l.R.M.C.R.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xavier O. Scott
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Erika d. l. R. M. Cabrera Ranaldi
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.W.K.); (E.d.l.R.M.C.R.)
| | - Jon Pérez-Bárcena
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.W.K.); (E.d.l.R.M.C.R.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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10
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Schanzenbacher J, Hendrika Kähler K, Mesler E, Kleingarn M, Marcel Karsten C, Leonard Seiler D. The role of C5a receptors in autoimmunity. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152413. [PMID: 37598588 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is an essential component of the innate immune response and plays a vital role in host defense and inflammation. Dysregulation of the complement system, particularly involving the anaphylatoxin C5a and its receptors (C5aR1 and C5aR2), has been linked to several autoimmune diseases, indicating the potential for targeted therapies. C5aR1 and C5aR2 are seven-transmembrane receptors with distinct signaling mechanisms that play both partially overlapping and opposing roles in immunity. Both receptors are expressed on a broad spectrum of immune and non-immune cells and are involved in cellular functions and physiological processes during homeostasis and inflammation. Dysregulated C5a-mediated inflammation contributes to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, antiphospholipid syndrome, and others. Therefore, targeting C5a or its receptors may yield therapeutic innovations in these autoimmune diseases by reducing the recruitment and activation of immune cells that lead to tissue inflammation and injury, thereby exacerbating the autoimmune response. Clinical trials focused on the inhibition of C5 cleavage or the C5a/C5aR1-axis using small molecules or monoclonal antibodies hold promise for bringing novel treatments for autoimmune diseases into practice. However, given the heterogeneous nature of (systemic) autoimmune diseases, there are still several challenges, such as patient selection, optimal dosing, and treatment duration, that require further investigation and development to realize the full therapeutic potential of C5a receptor inhibition, ideally in the context of a personalized medicine approach. Here, we aim to provide a brief overview of the current knowledge on the function of C5a receptors, the involvement of C5a receptors in autoimmune disorders, the molecular mechanisms underlying C5a receptor-mediated autoimmunity, and the potential for targeted therapies to modulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Schanzenbacher
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Hendrika Kähler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Evelyn Mesler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie Kleingarn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Leonard Seiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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11
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Ghosh M, Rana S. The anaphylatoxin C5a: Structure, function, signaling, physiology, disease, and therapeutics. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110081. [PMID: 36989901 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is one of the oldest known tightly regulated host defense systems evolved for efficiently functioning cell-based immune systems and antibodies. Essentially, the complement system acts as a pivot between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The complement system collectively represents a cocktail of ∼50 cell-bound/soluble glycoproteins directly involved in controlling infection and inflammation. Activation of the complement cascade generates complement fragments like C3a, C4a, and C5a as anaphylatoxins. C5a is the most potent proinflammatory anaphylatoxin, which is involved in inflammatory signaling in a myriad of tissues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of human C5a in the context of its structure and signaling under several pathophysiological conditions, including the current and future therapeutic applications targeting C5a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaswini Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Soumendra Rana
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India.
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12
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Ratajczak MZ, Adamiak M, Abdelbaset-Ismail A, Bujko K, Thapa A, Chumak V, Franczak S, Brzezniakiewicz-Janus K, Ratajczak J, Kucia M. Intracellular complement (complosome) is expressed in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and regulates cell trafficking, metabolism and proliferation in an intracrine Nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent manner. Leukemia 2023:10.1038/s41375-023-01894-0. [PMID: 37055506 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Adamiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ahmed Abdelbaset-Ismail
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kamila Bujko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arjun Thapa
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Vira Chumak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephanie Franczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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West EE, Kemper C. Complosome - the intracellular complement system. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1. [PMID: 37055581 PMCID: PMC10100629 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a recognized pillar of host defence against infection and noxious self-derived antigens. Complement is traditionally known as a serum-effective system, whereby the liver expresses and secretes most complement components, which participate in the detection of bloodborne pathogens and drive an inflammatory reaction to safely remove the microbial or antigenic threat. However, perturbations in normal complement function can cause severe disease and, for reasons that are currently not fully understood, the kidney is particularly vulnerable to dysregulated complement activity. Novel insights into complement biology have identified cell-autonomous and intracellularly active complement - the complosome - as an unexpected central orchestrator of normal cell physiology. For example, the complosome controls mitochondrial activity, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, cell survival and gene regulation in innate and adaptive immune cells, and in non-immune cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial and epithelial cells. These unanticipated complosome contributions to basic cell physiological pathways make it a novel and central player in the control of cell homeostasis and effector responses. This discovery, together with the realization that an increasing number of human diseases involve complement perturbations, has renewed interest in the complement system and its therapeutic targeting. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the complosome across healthy cells and tissues, highlight contributions from dysregulated complosome activities to human disease and discuss potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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14
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Thapa A, Ratajczak J, Kucia M, Ratajczak MZ. External Liver-Derived Complement and Intrinsic Present in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Complosome Modulate Cell Metabolism and Response to Stress. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10533-1. [PMID: 36976465 PMCID: PMC10366307 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) express receptors for complement cascade (ComC) cleavage fragments C3a and C5a and may respond to inflammation-related cues by sensing pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) released by pathogens as well as non-infectious danger associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) or alarmin generated during stress/tissue damage sterile inflammation. To facilitate this HSPCs are equipped with C3a and C5a receptors, C3aR and C5aR, respectively, and express on the outer cell membrane and in cytosol pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) that sense PAMPs and DAMPs. Overall, danger-sensing mechanisms in HSPCs mimic those seen in immune cells, which should not surprise as hematopoiesis and the immune system develop from the same common stem cell precursor. This review will focus on the role of ComC-derived C3a and C5a that trigger nitric oxide synthetase-2 (Nox2) complex to release reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activate important cytosolic PRRs-Nlrp3 inflammasome, which orchestrates responsiveness of HSPCs to stress. Moreover, recent data indicate that in addition to circulating in peripheral blood (PB) activated liver-derived ComC proteins, a similar role plays ComC expressed and intrinsically activated in HSPCs known as "complosome". We postulate that ComC triggered Nox2-ROS-Nlrp3 inflammasome responses, if they occur within non-toxic to cells' "hormetic range of activation", positively regulate HSCs migration, metabolism, and proliferation. This sheds a new light on the immune-metabolic regulation of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Thapa
- Stem Cell Program at Division of Hematology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Program at Division of Hematology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Program at Division of Hematology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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15
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Yang Z, Nicholson SE, Cancio TS, Cancio LC, Li Y. Complement as a vital nexus of the pathobiological connectome for acute respiratory distress syndrome: An emerging therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100461. [PMID: 37006238 PMCID: PMC10064147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pathobiology is unchecked inflammation-driven diffuse alveolar damage and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction. Currently, therapeutic interventions for ARDS remain largely limited to pulmonary-supportive strategies, and there is an unmet demand for pharmacologic therapies targeting the underlying pathology of ARDS in patients suffering from the illness. The complement cascade (ComC) plays an integral role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. ComC activation can prime an overzealous cytokine storm and tissue/organ damage. The ARDS and acute lung injury (ALI) have an established relationship with early maladaptive ComC activation. In this review, we have collected evidence from the current studies linking ALI/ARDS with ComC dysregulation, focusing on elucidating the new emerging roles of the extracellular (canonical) and intracellular (non-canonical or complosome), ComC (complementome) in ALI/ARDS pathobiology, and highlighting complementome as a vital nexus of the pathobiological connectome for ALI/ARDS via its crosstalking with other systems of the immunome, DAMPome, PAMPome, coagulome, metabolome, and microbiome. We have also discussed the diagnostic/therapeutic potential and future direction of ALI/ARDS care with the ultimate goal of better defining mechanistic subtypes (endotypes and theratypes) through new methodologies in order to facilitate a more precise and effective complement-targeted therapy for treating these comorbidities. This information leads to support for a therapeutic anti-inflammatory strategy by targeting the ComC, where the arsenal of clinical-stage complement-specific drugs is available, especially for patients with ALI/ARDS due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsheng Yang
- Combat Casualty Care Research Team (CRT) 3, United States (US) Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA)-Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susannah E. Nicholson
- Division of Trauma Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Tomas S. Cancio
- Combat Casualty Care Research Team (CRT) 3, United States (US) Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA)-Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Leopoldo C. Cancio
- United States (US) Army Burn Center, United States (US) Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA)-Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yansong Li
- Division of Trauma Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- The Geneva Foundation, Immunological Damage Control Resuscitation Program, Tacoma, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yansong Li,
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16
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The Role of NLRP3, a Star of Excellence in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054860. [PMID: 36902299 PMCID: PMC10003372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is the most widely investigated inflammasome member whose overactivation can be a driver of several carcinomas. It is activated in response to different signals and plays an important role in metabolic disorders and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. NLRP3 belongs to the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) family, expressed in numerous immune cells, and it plays its primary function in myeloid cells. NLRP3 has a crucial role in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), considered to be the diseases best studied in the inflammasome context. The investigation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex is a new horizon to explore, and inhibiting IL-1β or NLRP3 could be a helpful cancer-related therapeutic strategy to improve the existing protocols.
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17
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Yang Z, Nunn MA, Le TD, Simovic MO, Edsall PR, Liu B, Barr JL, Lund BJ, Hill-Pryor CD, Pusateri AE, Cancio LC, Li Y. Immunopathology of terminal complement activation and complement C5 blockade creating a pro-survival and organ-protective phenotype in trauma. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:422-440. [PMID: 36251578 PMCID: PMC10100417 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traumatic haemorrhage (TH) is the leading cause of potentially preventable deaths that occur during the prehospital phase of care. No effective pharmacological therapeutics are available for critical TH patients yet. Here, we identify terminal complement activation (TCA) as a therapeutic target in combat casualties and evaluate the efficacy of a TCA inhibitor (nomacopan) on organ damage and survival in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Complement activation products and cytokines were analysed in plasma from 54 combat casualties. The correlations between activated complement pathway(s) and the clinical outcomes in trauma patients were assessed. Nomacopan was administered to rats subjected to lethal TH (blast injury and haemorrhagic shock). Effects of nomacopan on TH were determined using survival rate, organ damage, physiological parameters, and laboratory profiles. KEY RESULTS Early TCA was associated with systemic inflammatory responses and clinical outcomes in this trauma cohort. Lethal TH in the untreated rats induced early TCA that correlated with the severity of tissue damage and mortality. The addition of nomacopan to a damage-control resuscitation (DCR) protocol significantly inhibited TCA, decreased local and systemic inflammatory responses, improved haemodynamics and metabolism, attenuated tissue and organ damage, and increased survival. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Previous findings of our and other groups revealed that early TCA represents a rational therapeutic target for trauma patients. Nomacopan as a pro-survival and organ-protective drug, could emerge as a promising adjunct to DCR that may significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality in severe TH patients while awaiting transport to critical care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsheng Yang
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Tuan D Le
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Milomir O Simovic
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Peter R Edsall
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Johnny L Barr
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Brian J Lund
- 59th Medical Wing Operational Medicine, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Anthony E Pusateri
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Leopoldo C Cancio
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yansong Li
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA
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18
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Gain C, Song S, Angtuaco T, Satta S, Kelesidis T. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of infections with coronaviruses. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1111930. [PMID: 36713204 PMCID: PMC9880066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses can cause serious respiratory tract infections and may also impact other end organs such as the central nervous system, the lung and the heart. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a devastating impact on humanity. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of coronavirus infections, will set the foundation for development of new treatments to attenuate the impact of infections with coronaviruses on host cells and tissues. During infection of host cells, coronaviruses trigger an imbalance between increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant host responses that leads to increased redox stress. Subsequently, increased redox stress contributes to reduced antiviral host responses and increased virus-induced inflammation and apoptosis that ultimately drive cell and tissue damage and end organ disease. However, there is limited understanding how different coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, manipulate cellular machinery that drives redox responses. This review aims to elucidate the redox mechanisms involved in the replication of coronaviruses and associated inflammation, apoptotic pathways, autoimmunity, vascular dysfunction and tissue damage that collectively contribute to multiorgan damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Gibson BG, Cox TE, Marchbank KJ. Contribution of animal models to the mechanistic understanding of Alternative Pathway and Amplification Loop (AP/AL)-driven Complement-mediated Diseases. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:194-216. [PMID: 36203396 PMCID: PMC10092198 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to capture the key findings that animal models have provided around the role of the alternative pathway and amplification loop (AP/AL) in disease. Animal models, particularly mouse models, have been incredibly useful to define the role of complement and the alternative pathway in health and disease; for instance, the use of cobra venom factor and depletion of C3 provided the initial insight that complement was essential to generate an appropriate adaptive immune response. The development of knockout mice have further underlined the importance of the AP/AL in disease, with the FH knockout mouse paving the way for the first anti-complement drugs. The impact from the development of FB, properdin, and C3 knockout mice closely follows this in terms of mechanistic understanding in disease. Indeed, our current understanding that complement plays a role in most conditions at one level or another is rooted in many of these in vivo studies. That C3, in particular, has roles beyond the obvious in innate and adaptive immunity, normal physiology, and cellular functions, with or without other recognized AP components, we would argue, only extends the reach of this arm of the complement system. Humanized mouse models also continue to play their part. Here, we argue that the animal models developed over the last few decades have truly helped define the role of the AP/AL in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth G. Gibson
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group and Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical ScienceNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics CentreaHUS ServiceNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Thomas E. Cox
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group and Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical ScienceNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics CentreaHUS ServiceNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Kevin J. Marchbank
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group and Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical ScienceNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics CentreaHUS ServiceNewcastle upon TyneUK
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20
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Wu EY, Alexander JJ, Fukui S. Editorial: The complement system in autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1085525. [PMID: 36466859 PMCID: PMC9709489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Y. Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jessy J. Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Shoichi Fukui
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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21
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Tan SM, Snelson M, Østergaard JA, Coughlan MT. The Complement Pathway: New Insights into Immunometabolic Signaling in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:781-801. [PMID: 34806406 PMCID: PMC9587781 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus, results in microvascular complications, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is partly believe to involve disrupted energy generation in the kidney, leading to injury that is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. An increasing body of evidence indicates that the innate immune complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of DKD; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Recent Advances: Complement, traditionally thought of as the prime line of defense against microbial intrusion, has recently been recognized to regulate immunometabolism. Studies have shown that the complement activation products, Complement C5a and C3a, which are potent pro-inflammatory mediators, can mediate an array of metabolic responses in the kidney in the diabetic setting, including altered fuel utilization, disrupted mitochondrial respiratory function, and reactive oxygen species generation. In diabetes, the lectin pathway is activated via autoreactivity toward altered self-surfaces known as danger-associated molecular patterns, or via sensing altered carbohydrate and acetylation signatures. In addition, endogenous complement inhibitors can be glycated, whereas diet-derived glycated proteins can themselves promote complement activation, worsening DKD, and lending support for environmental influences as an additional avenue for propagating complement-induced inflammation and kidney injury. Critical Issues: Recent evidence indicates that conventional renoprotective agents used in DKD do not target the complement, leaving this web of inflammatory stimuli intact. Future Directions: Future studies should focus on the development of novel pharmacological agents that target the complement pathway to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and kidney fibrosis, thereby reducing the burden of microvascular diseases in diabetes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 781-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sih Min Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jakob A Østergaard
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Jimenez-Duran G, Kozole J, Peltier-Heap R, Dickinson ER, Kwiatkowski CR, Zappacosta F, Annan RS, Galwey NW, Nichols EM, Modis LK, Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K, Booty LM. Complement membrane attack complex is an immunometabolic regulator of NLRP3 activation and IL-18 secretion in human macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918551. [PMID: 36248901 PMCID: PMC9554752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an ancient and critical part of innate immunity. Recent studies have highlighted novel roles of complement beyond lysis of invading pathogens with implications in regulating the innate immune response, as well as contributing to metabolic reprogramming of T-cells, synoviocytes as well as cells in the CNS. These findings hint that complement can be an immunometabolic regulator, but whether this is also the case for the terminal step of the complement pathway, the membrane attack complex (MAC) is not clear. In this study we focused on determining whether MAC is an immunometabolic regulator of the innate immune response in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Here, we uncover previously uncharacterized metabolic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction occurring downstream of MAC deposition. These alterations in glycolytic flux and mitochondrial morphology and function mediate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine release and gasdermin D formation. Together, these data elucidate a novel signalling cascade, with metabolic alterations at its center, in MAC-stimulated human macrophages that drives an inflammatory consequence in an immunologically relevant cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Jimenez-Duran
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Institute ofInfection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Kozole
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rachel Peltier-Heap
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor R. Dickinson
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francesca Zappacosta
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roland S. Annan
- Discovery Analytical, Medicinal Science and Technology (MST), GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas W. Galwey
- Research Statistics, Development Biostatistics, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Martha Triantafilou
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Institute ofInfection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kathy Triantafilou
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Institute ofInfection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Kathy Triantafilou, TriantafilouK@cardiff. ac. uk; Lee M. Booty,
| | - Lee M. Booty
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Kathy Triantafilou, TriantafilouK@cardiff. ac. uk; Lee M. Booty,
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23
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Fernandez-Ruiz R, Belmont HM. The role of anticomplement therapy in lupus nephritis. Transl Res 2022; 245:1-17. [PMID: 35158097 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The complement system plays crucial roles in homeostasis and host defense against microbes. Deficiency of early complement cascade components has been associated with increased susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whereas excessive complement consumption is a hallmark of this disease. Although enhanced classical pathway activation by immune complexes was initially thought to be the main contributor to lupus nephritis (LN) pathogenesis, an increasing body of evidence has suggested the alternative and the lectin pathways are also involved. Therapeutic agents targeting complement activation have been used in LN patients and clinical trials are ongoing. We review the mechanisms by which complement system dysregulation contributes to renal injury in SLE and summarize the latest evidence on the use of anticomplement agents to manage this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Fernandez-Ruiz
- Division of Rheumatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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24
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Ebeling MC, Fisher CR, Kapphahn RJ, Stahl MR, Shen S, Qu J, Montezuma SR, Ferrington DA. Inflammasome Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium from Human Donors with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cells 2022; 11:2075. [PMID: 35805159 PMCID: PMC9265516 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly, is characterized by the death of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors. One of the risk factors associated with developing AMD is the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) found within the gene encoding complement factor H (CFH). Part of the innate immune system, CFH inhibits alternative complement pathway activation. Multi-protein complexes called inflammasomes also play a role in the innate immune response. Previous studies reported that inflammasome activation may contribute to AMD pathology. In this study, we used primary human adult RPE cell cultures from multiple donors, with and without AMD, that were genotyped for the Y402H CFH risk allele. We found complement and inflammasome-related genes and proteins at basal levels in RPE tissue and cell cultures. Additionally, treatment with rotenone, bafilomycin A, and ATP led to inflammasome activation. Overall, the response to priming and activation was similar, irrespective of disease state or CFH genotype. While these data show that the inflammasome is present and active in RPE, our results suggest that inflammasome activation may not contribute to early AMD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara C. Ebeling
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.C.E.); (C.R.F.); (R.J.K.); (M.R.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Cody R. Fisher
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.C.E.); (C.R.F.); (R.J.K.); (M.R.S.); (S.R.M.)
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Kapphahn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.C.E.); (C.R.F.); (R.J.K.); (M.R.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Madilyn R. Stahl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.C.E.); (C.R.F.); (R.J.K.); (M.R.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Sandra R. Montezuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.C.E.); (C.R.F.); (R.J.K.); (M.R.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Deborah A. Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.C.E.); (C.R.F.); (R.J.K.); (M.R.S.); (S.R.M.)
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA
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25
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Gaboriaud C, Lorvellec M, Rossi V, Dumestre-Pérard C, Thielens NM. Complement System and Alarmin HMGB1 Crosstalk: For Better or Worse. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869720. [PMID: 35572583 PMCID: PMC9095977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our immune system responds to infectious (PAMPs) and tissue damage (DAMPs) signals. The complement system and alarmin High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) are two powerful soluble actors of human host defense and immune surveillance. These systems involve molecular cascades and amplification loops for their signaling or activation. Initially activated as alarm raising systems, their function can be finally switched towards inflammation resolution, where they sustain immune maturation and orchestrate repair mechanisms, opening the way back to homeostasis. However, when getting out of control, these defense systems can become deleterious and trigger serious cellular and tissue damage. Therefore, they can be considered as double-edged swords. The close interaction between the complement and HMGB1 pathways is described here, as well as their traditional and non-canonical roles, their functioning at different locations and their independent and collective impact in different systems both in health and disease. Starting from these systems and interplay at the molecular level (when elucidated), we then provide disease examples to better illustrate the signs and consequences of their roles and interaction, highlighting their importance and possible vicious circles in alarm raising and inflammation, both individually or in combination. Although this integrated view may open new therapeutic strategies, future challenges have to be faced because of the remaining unknowns regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the fragile molecular balance which can drift towards disease or return to homeostasis, as briefly discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chantal Dumestre-Pérard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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26
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Kremlitzka M, Colineau L, Nowacka AA, Mohlin FC, Wozniak K, Blom AM, King BC. Alternative translation and retrotranslocation of cytosolic C3 that detects cytoinvasive bacteria. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:291. [PMID: 35546365 PMCID: PMC9095555 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Complement C3 was originally regarded as a serum effector protein, although recent data has emerged suggesting that intracellular C3 can also regulate basic cellular processes. Despite the growing interest in intracellular C3 functions, the mechanism behind its generation has not been demonstrated. In this study we show that C3 can be expressed from an alternative translational start site, resulting in C3 lacking the signal peptide, which is therefore translated in the cytosol. In contrast to the secreted form, alternatively translated cytosolic C3 is not glycosylated, is present mainly in a reduced state, and is turned over by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. C3 can also be retrotranslocated from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol, structurally resembling secreted C3. Finally, we demonstrate that intracellular cytosolic C3 can opsonize invasive Staphylococcus aureus within epithelial cell, slowing vacuolar escape as well as impacting bacterial survival on subsequent exposure to phagocytes. Our work therefore reveals the existence and origin of intracellular, cytosolic C3, and demonstrates functions for cytosolic C3 in intracellular detection of cytoinvasive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Kremlitzka
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lucie Colineau
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alicja A Nowacka
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frida C Mohlin
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Wozniak
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Ben C King
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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27
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Chaudhary N, Jayaraman A, Reinhardt C, Campbell JD, Bosmann M. A single-cell lung atlas of complement genes identifies the mesothelium and epithelium as prominent sources of extrahepatic complement proteins. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:927-939. [PMID: 35672453 PMCID: PMC9173662 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand functional duality of the complement system in host defense and lung injury, a more comprehensive view of its localized production in the lung, and the impact of age on complement production are essential. Here, we explored the expression of complement genes through computational analysis of preexisting single cell RNA sequencing data from lung transcriptomes of healthy young (3 months) and old C57BL/6 mice (24 months), and humans. We characterized the distribution of 48 complement genes. Across 28 distinct immune and non-immune cell types in mice, mesothelial cells expressed the greatest number of complement genes (e.g., C1ra, C2, C3), and regulators (e.g., Serping1, Cfh). C5 was abundant in type II alveolar epithelial cells and C1q in interstitial lung macrophages. There were only moderate differences in gene expression between young and old mice. Among 57 human lung cell types, mesothelial cells showed abundant complement expression. A few differences in gene expression (e.g., FCN1, CFI, C6, C7) were also evident between mice and human lung cells. Our findings present a novel perspective on the expression patterns of complement genes in normal lungs. These findings highlight the potential functions of complement in tissue-specific homeostasis and immunity and may foster a mechanistic understanding of its role in lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chaudhary
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Archana Jayaraman
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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28
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Torp MK, Ranheim T, Schjalm C, Hjorth M, Heiestad C, Dalen KT, Nilsson PH, Mollnes TE, Pischke SE, Lien E, Vaage J, Yndestad A, Stensløkken KO. Intracellular Complement Component 3 Attenuated Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Isolated Buffer-Perfused Mouse Heart and Is Associated With Improved Metabolic Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870811. [PMID: 35432387 PMCID: PMC9011808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is rapidly activated during myocardial infarction and blockade of extracellular complement system reduces infarct size. Intracellular complement, however, appears to be closely linked to metabolic pathways and its role in ischemia-reperfusion injury is unknown and may be different from complement activation in the circulation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of intracellular complement in isolated, retrogradely buffer-perfused hearts and cardiac cells from adult male wild type mice (WT) and from adult male mice with knockout of complement component 3 (C3KO). Main findings: (i) Intracellular C3 protein was expressed in isolated cardiomyocytes and in whole hearts, (ii) after ischemia-reperfusion injury, C3KO hearts had larger infarct size (32 ± 9% in C3KO vs. 22 ± 7% in WT; p=0.008) and impaired post-ischemic relaxation compared to WT hearts, (iii) C3KO cardiomyocytes had lower basal oxidative respiration compared to WT cardiomyocytes, (iv) blocking mTOR decreased Akt phosphorylation in WT, but not in C3KO cardiomyocytes, (v) after ischemia, WT hearts had higher levels of ATP, but lower levels of both reduced and oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH and NAD+, respectively) compared to C3KO hearts. Conclusion: intracellular C3 protected the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury, possibly due to its role in metabolic pathways important for energy production and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-K. Torp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: M-K. Torp,
| | - T. Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C. Schjalm
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C.M. Heiestad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K. T. Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P. H. Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, and the Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - T. E. Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen (K.G. Jebsen) Inflammation Research Center (IRC), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen (K.G. Jebsen) Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S. E. Pischke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research & Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E. Lien
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, UMass Medical School, Worchester, MA, United States
| | - J. Vaage
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research & Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A. Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K-O. Stensløkken
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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29
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Jenkins AJ, Grant MB, Busik JV. Lipids, hyperreflective crystalline deposits and diabetic retinopathy: potential systemic and retinal-specific effect of lipid-lowering therapies. Diabetologia 2022; 65:587-603. [PMID: 35149880 PMCID: PMC9377536 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolically active retina obtains essential lipids by endogenous biosynthesis and from the systemic circulation. Clinical studies provide limited and sometimes conflicting evidence as to the relationships between circulating lipid levels and the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetes. Cardiovascular-system-focused clinical trials that also evaluated some retinal outcomes demonstrate the potential protective power of lipid-lowering therapies in diabetic retinopathy and some trials with ocular primary endpoints are in progress. Although triacylglycerol-lowering therapies with fibrates afforded some protection against diabetic retinopathy, the effect was independent of changes in traditional blood lipid classes. While systemic LDL-cholesterol lowering with statins did not afford protection against diabetic retinopathy in most clinical trials, and none of the trials focused on retinopathy as the main outcome, data from very large database studies suggest the possible effectiveness of statins. Potential challenges in these studies are discussed, including lipid-independent effects of fibrates and statins, modified lipoproteins and retinal-specific effects of lipid-lowering drugs. Dysregulation of retinal-specific cholesterol metabolism leading to retinal cholesterol accumulation and potential formation of cholesterol crystals are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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30
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Dutta K, Friscic J, Hoffmann MH. Targeting the tissue-complosome for curbing inflammatory disease. Semin Immunol 2022; 60:101644. [PMID: 35902311 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivated local tissue is a cardinal feature of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of various organs such as the joints, the gut, the skin, or the lungs. Tissue-resident structural and stromal cells, which get primed during repeated or long-lasting bouts of inflammation form the basis of this sensitization of the tissue. During priming, cells change their metabolism to make them fit for the heightened energy demands that occur during persistent inflammation. Epigenetic changes and, curiously, an activation of intracellularly expressed parts of the complement system drive this metabolic invigoration and enable tissue-resident cells and infiltrating immune cells to employ an arsenal of inflammatory functions, including activation of inflammasomes. Here we provide a current overview on complement activation and inflammatory transformation in tissue-occupying cells, focusing on fibroblasts during arthritis, and illustrate ways how therapeutics directed at complement C3 could potentially target the complosome to unprime cells in the tissue and induce long-lasting abatement of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuheli Dutta
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jasna Friscic
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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31
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HMGB1 Inhibition to Ameliorate Organ Failure and Increase Survival in Trauma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010101. [PMID: 35053249 PMCID: PMC8773879 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several preclinical and clinical reports have demonstrated that levels of circulating high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) are increased early after trauma and are associated with systemic inflammation and clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms of the interaction between HMGB1 and inflammatory mediators that lead to the development of remote organ damage after trauma remain obscure. HMGB1 and inflammatory mediators were analyzed in plasma from 54 combat casualties, collected on admission to a military hospital in Iraq, and at 8 and 24 h after admission. In total, 45 (83%) of these patients had traumatic brain injury (TBI). Nine healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. HMGB1 plasma levels were significantly increased in the first 8 h after admission, and were found to be associated with systemic inflammatory responses, injury severity score, and presence of TBI. These data provided the rationale for designing experiments in rats subjected to blast injury and hemorrhage, to explore the effect of HMGB1 inhibition by CX-01 (2-O, 3-O desulfated heparin). Animals were cannulated, then recovered for 5–7 days before blast injury in a shock tube and volume-controlled hemorrhage. Blast injury and hemorrhage induced an early increase in HMGB1 plasma levels along with severe tissue damage and high mortality. CX-01 inhibited systemic HMGB1 activity, decreased local and systemic inflammatory responses, significantly reduced tissue and organ damage, and tended to increase survival. These data suggest that CX-01 has potential as an adjuvant treatment for traumatic hemorrhage.
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32
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Xing Z, Zhen T, Jie F, Jie Y, Shiqi L, Kaiyi Z, Zhicui O, Mingyan H. Early Toll-like receptor 4 inhibition improves immune dysfunction in the hippocampus after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:142-151. [PMID: 34975308 PMCID: PMC8692118 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.66494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is implicated in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that TLR4 mediates brain damage after hypoxic ischemia (HI) by inducing abnormal neuroimmune responses, including activation of immune cells and expression disorder of immune factors, while early inhibition of TLR4 can alleviate the neuroimmune dysfunction. Method: Postnatal day 7 rats were randomized into control, HI, and HI+TAK-242 (TAK-242) groups. The HIBD model was developed using the Rice-Vannucci method (the left side was the ipsilateral side of HI). TAK-242 (0.5 mg/kg) was given to rat pups in the TAK-242 group at 30 min before modeling. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to determine the TLR4 expression; the number of Iba-1+, GFAP+, CD161+, MPO+, and CD3+ cells; ICAM-1 and C3a expression; and interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-10 expression in the hippocampal CA1 region. Result: Significantly increased TLR4 expression was observed in the left hippocampus, and was alleviated by TAK-242. The significant increases in Iba-1+, MPO+, and CD161+ cells at 24 h and 7 days after HI and in GFAP+ and CD3+ T cells at 7 days after HI were also counteracted by TAK-242, but no significant differences were observed among groups at 24 h after HI. ICAM-1 expression increased 24 h after HI, while C3a expression decreased; TAK-242 also alleviated these changes. TNF-α and IL-1β expression increased, while IL-10 expression decreased at 24 h and 7 days after HI; TAK-242 counteracted the increased TNF-α and IL-1β expression at 24 h and the changes in IL-1β and IL-10 at 7 days, but induced no significant differences in IL-10 expression at 24 h and TNF-α expression at 7 days. Conclusion: Early TLR4 inhibition can alleviate hippocampal immune dysfunction after neonatal HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Xing
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Tang Zhen
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001 China.,Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013 China
| | - Fan Jie
- Department of Neonatology, East Hospital of Shaoyang Central Hospital, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000 China
| | - Yu Jie
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Liu Shiqi
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Zhu Kaiyi
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - OuYang Zhicui
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001 China
| | - Hei Mingyan
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045 China
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Zhang YY, Ning BT. Signaling pathways and intervention therapies in sepsis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:407. [PMID: 34824200 PMCID: PMC8613465 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection. Over decades, advanced understanding of host-microorganism interaction has gradually unmasked the genuine nature of sepsis, guiding toward new definition and novel therapeutic approaches. Diverse clinical manifestations and outcomes among infectious patients have suggested the heterogeneity of immunopathology, while systemic inflammatory responses and deteriorating organ function observed in critically ill patients imply the extensively hyperactivated cascades by the host defense system. From focusing on microorganism pathogenicity, research interests have turned toward the molecular basis of host responses. Though progress has been made regarding recognition and management of clinical sepsis, incidence and mortality rate remain high. Furthermore, clinical trials of therapeutics have failed to obtain promising results. As far as we know, there was no systematic review addressing sepsis-related molecular signaling pathways and intervention therapy in literature. Increasing studies have succeeded to confirm novel functions of involved signaling pathways and comment on efficacy of intervention therapies amid sepsis. However, few of these studies attempt to elucidate the underlining mechanism in progression of sepsis, while other failed to integrate preliminary findings and describe in a broader view. This review focuses on the important signaling pathways, potential molecular mechanism, and pathway-associated therapy in sepsis. Host-derived molecules interacting with activated cells possess pivotal role for sepsis pathogenesis by dynamic regulation of signaling pathways. Cross-talk and functions of these molecules are also discussed in detail. Lastly, potential novel therapeutic strategies precisely targeting on signaling pathways and molecules are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Tao Ning
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
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34
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Moderate Beer Intake Downregulates Inflammasome Pathway Gene Expression in Human Macrophages. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111159. [PMID: 34827151 PMCID: PMC8614923 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Moderate consumption of fermented beverages is associated with prevention against diseases involving inflammation and immunity. Conversely, for high drinking levels, an increase of inflammatory mediators and the susceptibility to infections occur, which tend to offset the benefits in terms of health. Unfortunately, this area remains poorly understood. Inflammation is now recognized as an overwhelming burden for public health. Thus, subcellular molecular complexes such as the “inflammasomes” have been identified as key players in cellular stress and tissue damage, and as regulators of immune and inflammatory responses. Here, we investigated the impact of moderate intake of alcohol-free and traditional beer in humans on the inflammasome pathway of activated pro-inflammatory human macrophages. The results of this study showed that macrophages submitted to a pro-inflammatory stimulus to activate the inflammosome had a mitigated inflammatory response in the presence of blood serum obtained from healthy volunteers after consuming alcohol-free or traditional beer for four weeks (women one can and men two cans per day) compared to the response found in the presence of blood serum obtained before beer intake. This was shown by a decrease in end components of the inflammasome cascade (IL-1β and TNF) at gene expression and protein level as found with alcohol-free and traditional beer, respectively. Abstract Inflammasomes are key components of the innate immunity system that trigger the inflammatory response. Inappropriate activity of the inflammasome system has been linked to onset and perpetuation of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques and cardiovascular disease. Low-to-moderate beer consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular event presentation, while high levels of alcohol intake are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Although fermented beverages have been suggested to exert their beneficial effects through their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, little is known regarding the capacity of beer to modulate innate immunity cell responses. To this aim, primed or activated THP-1 macrophages were conditioned with human serum obtained from a prospective two-arms longitudinal crossover study to investigate the effect of a moderate and regular daily intake of beer, either alcohol-free or traditional, in the regulation of TLR-mediated inflammatory responses in healthy but overweight individuals. Conditioned macrophages with serum obtained after four-week intervention with alcohol-free beer significantly reduced the transcription of pro-inflammatory interleukins such as IL-1β and TNF. The serum of traditional beer consumers did not exhibit the same capacity as the serum of alcohol-free beer consumers to reduce gene expression of pro-inflammatory interleukins; however, serum from traditional beer consumers showed a regulatory effect at the protein level by significantly decreasing the intracellular protein levels of pro-IL-1β in primed macrophages and preventing cleaved-IL-1β protein release.
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Liszewski MK, Atkinson JP. Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46): deficiency states and pathogen connections. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:126-134. [PMID: 34004375 PMCID: PMC8123722 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46), a ubiquitously expressed complement regulatory protein, serves as a cofactor for serine protease factor I to cleave and inactivate C3b and C4b deposited on host cells. However, CD46 also plays roles in human reproduction, autophagy, modulating T cell activation and effector functions and is a member of the newly identified intracellular complement system (complosome). CD46 also is a receptor for 11 pathogens ('pathogen magnet'). While CD46 deficiencies contribute to inflammatory disorders, its overexpression in cancers and role as a receptor for some adenoviruses has led to its targeting by oncolytic agents and adenoviral-based therapeutic vectors, including coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. This review focuses on recent advances in identifying disease-causing CD46 variants and its pathogen connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kathryn Liszewski
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - John P Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Shinge SAU, Zhang D, Achu Muluh T, Nie Y, Yu F. Mechanosensitive Piezo1 Channel Evoked-Mechanical Signals in Atherosclerosis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3621-3636. [PMID: 34349540 PMCID: PMC8328000 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s319789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, more and more works have focused and used extensive resources on atherosclerosis research, which is one of the major causes of death globally. Alongside traditional risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, smoking, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, mechanical forces, including shear stress, pressure and stretches exerted on endothelial cells by flow, is proved to be crucial in atherosclerosis development. Studies have recognized the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel as a special sensor and transducer of various mechanical forces into biochemical signals, and recent studies report its role in atherosclerosis through different mechanical forces in pressure, stretching and turbulent shear stress. Based on our expertise in this field and considering the recent advancement of atherosclerosis research, we will be focusing on the function of Piezo1 and its involvement in various cellular mechanisms and consequent involvement in the development of atherosclerosis in this review. Also, we will discuss various functions of Piezo1 involvement in atherosclerosis and come up with new mechanistic insight for future research. Based on the recent findings, we suggest Piezo1 as a valid candidate for novel therapeutic innovations, in which deep exploration and translating its findings into the clinic will be a new therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiu A Umar Shinge
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daifang Zhang
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tobias Achu Muluh
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Nie
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Sterling JP, Lombardi VC. Decreasing the Likelihood of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Burn Injury with Early Antioxidant Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081192. [PMID: 34439439 PMCID: PMC8389021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Major burn trauma initiates a cascade of physiological events that cause profound stress on the body, resulting in significant complications which often lead to death. An understanding of these events may afford earlier and more precise interventions which, in turn, may reduce these complications, thus, improving patient outcomes. Burn trauma is associated with numerous inflammatory events that result in the release of free radicals, which promote oxidative stress and subsequent tissue damage. These mass-inflammatory events affect the body systemically, leading to several detrimental responses including complement activation, excessive histamine release, decrease in blood pressure, release of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). However, recent studies conducted on the use of antioxidants as a part of a burn treatment protocol have shown promising results. In this review, we will discuss the current research and advancements in the treatment of burn trauma with the use of antioxidants, and how the early administration of antioxidant can possibly reduce the risk of developing MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent C. Lombardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-775-682-8278
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Ratajczak MZ, Kucia M. The Nlrp3 inflammasome - the evolving story of its positive and negative effects on hematopoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:251-261. [PMID: 33901136 PMCID: PMC8169640 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoiesis is co-regulated by innate immunity, which is an ancient evolutionary defense mechanism also involved in the development and regeneration of damaged tissues. This review seeks to shed more light on the workings of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, which is an intracellular innate immunity pattern recognition receptor and sensor of changes in the hematopoietic microenvironment, and focus on its role in hematopoieisis. RECENT FINDINGS Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) are exposed to several external mediators of innate immunity. Moreover, since hemato/lymphopoietic cells develop from a common stem cell, their behavior and fate are coregulated by intracellular innate immunity pathways. Therefore, the Nlrp3 inflammasome is functional both in immune cells and in HSPCs and affects hematopoiesis in either a positive or negative way, depending on its activity level. Specifically, while a physiological level of activation regulates the trafficking of HSPCs and most likely maintains their pool in the bone marrow, hyperactivation may lead to irreversible cell damage by pyroptosis and HSPC senescence and contribute to the origination of myelodysplasia and hematopoietic malignancies. SUMMARY Modulation of the level of Nrp3 inflammasome activation will enable improvements in HSPC mobilization, homing, and engraftment strategies. It may also control pathological activation of this protein complex during HSPC senescence, graft-versus-host disease, the induction of cytokine storms, and the development of hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Ma L, Sahu SK, Cano M, Kuppuswamy V, Bajwa J, McPhatter J, Pine A, Meizlish ML, Goshua G, Chang CH, Zhang H, Price C, Bahel P, Rinder H, Lei T, Day A, Reynolds D, Wu X, Schriefer R, Rauseo AM, Goss CW, O’Halloran JA, Presti RM, Kim AH, Gelman AE, Dela Cruz CS, Lee AI, Mudd PA, Chun HJ, Atkinson JP, Kulkarni HS. Increased complement activation is a distinctive feature of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabh2259. [PMID: 34446527 PMCID: PMC8158979 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abh2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Complement activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it remains to be determined whether increased complement activation is a broad indicator of critical illness (and thus, no different in COVID-19). It is also unclear which pathways are contributing to complement activation in COVID-19, and if complement activation is associated with certain features of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as endothelial injury and hypercoagulability. To address these questions, we investigated complement activation in the plasma from patients with COVID-19 prospectively enrolled at two tertiary care centers: Washington University School of Medicine (n=134) and Yale School of Medicine (n=49). We compared our patients to two non-COVID cohorts: (a) patients hospitalized with influenza (n=54), and (b) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV, n=22). We demonstrate that circulating markers of complement activation are elevated in patients with COVID-19 compared to those with influenza and to patients with non-COVID-19 respiratory failure. Further, the results facilitate distinguishing those who are at higher risk of worse outcomes such as requiring ICU admission, or IMV. Moreover, the results indicate enhanced activation of the alternative complement pathway is most prevalent in patients with severe COVID-19 and is associated with markers of endothelial injury (i.e., angiopoietin-2) as well as hypercoagulability (i.e., thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor). Our findings identify complement activation to be a distinctive feature of COVID-19, and provide specific targets that may be utilized for risk prognostication, drug discovery and personalized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Sanjaya K. Sahu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Marlene Cano
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Vasanthan Kuppuswamy
- Division of Hospital Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Jamal Bajwa
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
- Marian University; Indianapolis, USA
| | - Ja’Nia McPhatter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
- University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Alexander Pine
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, USA
| | | | - George Goshua
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, USA
| | - C-Hong Chang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, USA
| | - Hanming Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, USA
| | - Christina Price
- Section of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, USA
| | | | | | - Tingting Lei
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Aaron Day
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Daniel Reynolds
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Rebecca Schriefer
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Adriana M. Rauseo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Charles W. Goss
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Jane A. O’Halloran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Rachel M. Presti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Alfred H. Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, USA
| | - Alfred I. Lee
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, USA
| | - Philip A. Mudd
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Hyung J. Chun
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, USA
| | - John P. Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
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Friščić J, Böttcher M, Reinwald C, Bruns H, Wirth B, Popp SJ, Walker KI, Ackermann JA, Chen X, Turner J, Zhu H, Seyler L, Euler M, Kirchner P, Krüger R, Ekici AB, Major T, Aust O, Weidner D, Fischer A, Andes FT, Stanojevic Z, Trajkovic V, Herrmann M, Korb-Pap A, Wank I, Hess A, Winter J, Wixler V, Distler J, Steiner G, Kiener HP, Frey B, Kling L, Raza K, Frey S, Kleyer A, Bäuerle T, Hughes TR, Grüneboom A, Steffen U, Krönke G, Croft AP, Filer A, Köhl J, Klein K, Buckley CD, Schett G, Mougiakakos D, Hoffmann MH. The complement system drives local inflammatory tissue priming by metabolic reprogramming of synovial fibroblasts. Immunity 2021; 54:1002-1021.e10. [PMID: 33761330 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arthritis typically involves recurrence and progressive worsening at specific predilection sites, but the checkpoints between remission and persistence remain unknown. Here, we defined the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this inflammation-mediated tissue priming. Re-exposure to inflammatory stimuli caused aggravated arthritis in rodent models. Tissue priming developed locally and independently of adaptive immunity. Repeatedly stimulated primed synovial fibroblasts (SFs) exhibited enhanced metabolic activity inducing functional changes with intensified migration, invasiveness and osteoclastogenesis. Meanwhile, human SF from patients with established arthritis displayed a similar primed phenotype. Transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses as well as genetic and pharmacological targeting demonstrated that inflammatory tissue priming relies on intracellular complement C3- and C3a receptor-activation and downstream mammalian target of rapamycin- and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-mediated metabolic SF invigoration that prevents activation-induced senescence, enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and in consequence sensitizes tissue for inflammation. Our study suggests possibilities for therapeutic intervention abrogating tissue priming without immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Friščić
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Reinwald
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wirth
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Samantha-Josefine Popp
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kellie Irene Walker
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen A Ackermann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jason Turner
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lisa Seyler
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) ands Universitäts-klinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilien Euler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - René Krüger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Triin Major
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Aust
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Weidner
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anita Fischer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian T Andes
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zeljka Stanojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adelheid Korb-Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D3, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Isabel Wank
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johnathan Winter
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, UK
| | - Viktor Wixler
- Institute of Molecular Virology (IMV), Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfaelische Wilhelms University Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jörg Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Günter Steiner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans P Kiener
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lasse Kling
- Innovations-Institut für Nanotechnologie und korrelative Mikroskopie, 91301 Forchheim, Germany
| | - Karim Raza
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham, B18 7QH Birmingham, UK
| | - Silke Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) ands Universitäts-klinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adam P Croft
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Filer
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 45229-3026 Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kerstin Klein
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7FY Oxford, UK
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum fuer Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Jimenez-Duran G, Triantafilou M. Metabolic regulators of enigmatic inflammasomes in autoimmune diseases and crosstalk with innate immune receptors. Immunology 2021; 163:348-362. [PMID: 33682108 PMCID: PMC8274167 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat receptor (NLR)‐mediated inflammasome activation is important in host response to microbes, danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and metabolic disease. Some NLRs have been shown to interact with distinct cell metabolic pathways and cause negative regulation, tumorigenesis and autoimmune disorders, interacting with multiple innate immune receptors to modulate disease. NLR activation is therefore crucial in host response and in the regulation of metabolic pathways that can trigger a wide range of immunometabolic diseases or syndromes. However, the exact mode by which some of the less well‐studied NLR inflammasomes are activated, interact with other metabolites and immune receptors, and the role they play in the progression of metabolic diseases is still not fully elucidated. In this study, we review up‐to‐date evidence regarding NLR function in metabolic pathways and the interplay with other immune receptors involved in GPCR signalling, gut microbiota and the complement system, in order to gain a better understanding of its link to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Jimenez-Duran
- Immunology Network, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Martha Triantafilou
- Immunology Network, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Lu P, Ma Y, Wei S, Liang X. The dual role of complement in cancers, from destroying tumors to promoting tumor development. Cytokine 2021; 143:155522. [PMID: 33849765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Complement is an important branch of innate immunity; however, its biological significance goes far beyond the scope of simple nonspecific defense and involves a variety of physiological functions, including the adaptive immune response. In this review, to unravel the complex relationship between complement and tumors, we reviewed the high diversity of complement components in cancer and the heterogeneity of their production and activation pathways. In the tumor microenvironment, complement plays a dual regulatory role in the occurrence and development of tumors, affecting the outcomes of the immune response. We explored the differential expression levels of various complement components in human cancers via the Oncomine database. The gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) tool and Kaplan-Meier plotter (K-M plotter) confirmed the correlation between differentially expressed complement genes and tumor prognosis. The tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database was used to statistically analyze the effect of complement on tumor immune infiltration. Finally, with a view to the role of complement in regulating T cell metabolism, complement could be a potential target for immunotherapies. Targeting complement to regulate the antitumor immune response seems to have potential for future treatment strategies. However, there are still many complex problems, such as who will benefit from this therapy and how to select the right therapeutic target and determine the appropriate drug concentration. The solutions to these problems depend on a deeper understanding of complement generation, activation, and regulatory and control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaozhong Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
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Ebeling MC, Geng Z, Kapphahn RJ, Roehrich H, Montezuma SR, Dutton JR, Ferrington DA. Impaired Mitochondrial Function in iPSC-Retinal Pigment Epithelium with the Complement Factor H Polymorphism for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040789. [PMID: 33918210 PMCID: PMC8066149 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly, is characterized by loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). While the disease mechanism remains unclear, prior studies have linked AMD with RPE mitochondrial defects and genetic polymorphisms in the complement pathway. This study used RPE generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-RPE), which were derived from human donors with or without AMD and genotyped for the complement factor H (CFH) AMD high-risk allele (rs1061170, Y402H) to investigate whether donor disease state or genotype had a detrimental effect on mitochondrial function and inflammation. Results show that cells derived from donors with AMD display decreased mitochondrial function under conditions of stress and elevated expression of inflammatory markers compared to iPSC-RPE from individuals without AMD. A more pronounced reduction in mitochondrial function and increased inflammatory markers was observed in CFH high-risk cells, irrespective of disease state. These results provide evidence for a previously unrecognized link between CFH and mitochondrial function that could contribute to RPE loss in AMD patients harboring the CFH high-risk genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara C. Ebeling
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.C.E.); (R.J.K.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Zhaohui Geng
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Kapphahn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.C.E.); (R.J.K.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Heidi Roehrich
- Histology Core for Vision Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Sandra R. Montezuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.C.E.); (R.J.K.); (S.R.M.)
| | - James R. Dutton
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: (J.R.D.); (D.A.F.); Tel.: +1-612-626-2762 (J.R.D.); +1-612-624-8267 (D.A.F.)
| | - Deborah A. Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.C.E.); (R.J.K.); (S.R.M.)
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.R.D.); (D.A.F.); Tel.: +1-612-626-2762 (J.R.D.); +1-612-624-8267 (D.A.F.)
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Annamalai B, Parsons N, Nicholson C, Obert E, Jones B, Rohrer B. Subretinal Rather Than Intravitreal Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Delivery of a Complement Alternative Pathway Inhibitor Is Effective in a Mouse Model of RPE Damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:11. [PMID: 33830174 PMCID: PMC8039473 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The risk for age-related macular degeneration has been tied to an overactive complement system. Despite combined attempts by academia and industry to develop therapeutics that modulate the complement response, particularly in the late geographic atrophy form of advanced AMD, to date, there is no effective treatment. We have previously demonstrated that pathology in the smoke-induced ocular pathology (SIOP) model, a model with similarities to dry AMD, is dependent on activation of the alternative complement pathway and that a novel complement activation site targeted inhibitor of the alternative pathway can be delivered to ocular tissues via an adeno-associated virus (AAV). Methods Two different viral vectors for specific tissue targeting were compared: AAV5-VMD2-CR2-fH for delivery to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and AAV2YF-smCBA-CR2-fH for delivery to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Efficacy was tested in SIOP (6 months of passive smoke inhalation), assessing visual function (optokinetic responses), retinal structure (optical coherence tomography), and integrity of the RPE and Bruch's membrane (electron microscopy). Protein chemistry was used to assess complement activation, CR2-fH tissue distribution, and CR2-fH transport across the RPE. Results RPE- but not RGC-mediated secretion of CR2-fH was found to reduce SIOP and complement activation in RPE/choroid. Bioavailability of CR2-fH in RPE/choroid could be confirmed only after AAV5-VMD2-CR2-fH treatment, and inefficient, adenosine triphosphate-dependent transport of CR2-fH across the RPE was identified. Conclusions Our results suggest that complement inhibition for AMD-like pathology is required basal to the RPE and argues in favor of AAV vector delivery to the RPE or outside the blood-retina barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramaniam Annamalai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Nathaniel Parsons
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Crystal Nicholson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Elisabeth Obert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Bryan Jones
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Research, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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Lage SL, Wong CS, Amaral EP, Sturdevant D, Hsu DC, Rupert A, Wilson EMP, Qasba SS, Naqvi NS, Laidlaw E, Lisco A, Manion M, Sereti I. Classical complement and inflammasome activation converge in CD14highCD16- monocytes in HIV associated TB-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009435. [PMID: 33788899 PMCID: PMC8041190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome-derived cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and complement cascade have been independently implicated in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB)-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS), a complication affecting HIV+ individuals starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although sublytic deposition of the membrane attack complex (MAC) has been shown to promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation, it is unknown whether these pathways may cooperatively contribute to TB-IRIS. To evaluate the activation of inflammasome, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV-TB co-infected patients prior to ART and at the IRIS or equivalent timepoint were incubated with a probe used to assess active caspase-1/4/5 followed by screening of ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD domain) specks as a readout of inflammasome activation by imaging flow cytometry. We found higher numbers of monocytes showing spontaneous caspase-1/4/5+ASC-speck formation in TB-IRIS compared to TB non-IRIS patients. Moreover, numbers of caspase-1/4/5+ASC-speck+ monocytes positively correlated with IL-1β/IL-18 plasma levels. Besides increased systemic levels of C1q and C5a, TB-IRIS patients also showed elevated C1q and C3 deposition on monocyte cell surface, suggesting aberrant classical complement activation. A clustering tSNE analysis revealed TB-IRIS patients are enriched in a CD14highCD16- monocyte population that undergoes MAC deposition and caspase-1/4/5 activation compared to TB non-IRIS patients, suggesting complement-associated inflammasome activation during IRIS events. Accordingly, PBMCs from patients were more sensitive to ex-vivo complement-mediated IL-1β secretion than healthy control cells in a NLRP3-dependent manner. Therefore, our data suggest complement-associated inflammasome activation may fuel the dysregulated TB-IRIS systemic inflammatory cascade and targeting this pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach for IRIS or related inflammatory syndromes. Tuberculosis (TB) associated-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is a clinical complication affecting HIV+ individuals previously co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), upon antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. TB-IRIS is characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory response and can be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in resource-limited countries with high TB prevalence. So far, there is no targeted TB-IRIS therapy, and corticosteroids are frequently used to prevent or alleviate IRIS related-symptoms. Here we found inflammasome activation (i.e. caspase1/4/5+ASC speck complex formation) on circulating classical CD14highCD16- monocytes may contribute to TB-IRIS immunopathology, since it correlates with pro-inflammatory cytokine plasma levels and its decay is associated with dampening in IRIS-related symptoms promoted by anti-inflammatory therapy. We also found TB-IRIS monocytes display higher surface complement deposition, being more sensitive to external complement-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation than healthy control cells. In fact, complement MAC molecule C9 and caspase-1/4/5 activation were associated on classical monocytes in TB-IRIS patients, suggesting complement-mediated inflammasome activation may lead to a positive feedback loop in the inflammatory responses observed in TB-IRIS. Therefore, our findings support that complement-NLRP3/ASC/caspase1/4/5 axis may be considered as a potential target for host-directed therapy of TB-IRIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lucena Lage
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SLL); (IS)
| | - Chun-Shu Wong
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Pinheiro Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Daniel Sturdevant
- RML Genomics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Denise C. Hsu
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Adam Rupert
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, AIDS Monitoring Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Eleanor M. P. Wilson
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - S. Sonia Qasba
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Nuha Sultana Naqvi
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Laidlaw
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Andrea Lisco
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Maura Manion
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Irini Sereti
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SLL); (IS)
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Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Depression: Effects on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010065. [PMID: 33466877 PMCID: PMC7830381 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems are two critical biological systems in the pathogenesis of depression. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that the activation of the neuroinflammatory response of the immune system and hyperactivity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis of the neuroendocrine system commonly coexist in patients with depression and that these two systems bidirectionally regulate one another through neural, immunological, and humoral intersystem interactions. The neuroendocrine-immune network poses difficulties associated with the development of antidepressant agents directed toward these biological systems for the effective treatment of depression. On the other hand, multidrug and multitarget Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) has great potential to assist in the development of novel medications for the systematic pharmacotherapy of depression. In this narrative essay, we conclusively analyze the mechanisms of action of CHM antidepressant constituents and formulas, specifically through the modulation of the neuroendocrine-immune network, by reviewing recent preclinical studies conducted using depressive animal models. Some CHM herbal constituents and formulas are highlighted as examples, and their mechanisms of action at both the molecular and systems levels are discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the crosstalk of these two biological systems and the systems pharmacology approach for understanding the system-wide mechanism of action of CHM on the neuroendocrine-immune network in depression treatment. The holistic, multidrug, and multitarget nature of CHM represents an excellent example of systems medicine in the effective treatment of depression.
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Li L, Wei T, Liu S, Wang C, Zhao M, Feng Y, Ma L, Lu Y, Fu P, Liu J. Complement C5 activation promotes type 2 diabetic kidney disease via activating STAT3 pathway and disrupting the gut-kidney axis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:960-974. [PMID: 33280239 PMCID: PMC7812276 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe DM complication. While complement C5 up-regulation and gut dysbiosis are found in T2DM, their roles in DKD are unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of C5 on the gut microbiota during DKD development. Renal C5a/C5a receptor (C5aR) expression changes were measured in T2DM patients and db/db mice. Db/db mice were treated with a C5aR antagonist (C5aRA), and renal function, gut microbiota and renal genome changes were analysed. The effects of C5a and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway were examined in vitro. C5a was up-regulated in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) of T2DM patients and db/db mice. Although glucose and lipid metabolism were unchanged, C5aR blockade alleviated renal dysfunction, ECM deposition, macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory factor expression in db/db mice. C5aRA partly reversed the declines in gut microbiota diversity and abundance and gut SCFA levels in db/db mice. C5aRA down-regulated the expression of many immune response-related genes, such as STAT3, in db/db mouse kidneys. C5aRA and SCFAs suppressed C5a-induced STAT3 activation in human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs). Based on our results, C5 hyperactivation promotes DKD by activating STAT3 in GECs and impairing the gut-kidney axis, suggesting that this hyperactivation is a potential target for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Wei
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhuan Feng
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Qiao S, Lv C, Tao Y, Miao Y, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Sun D, Yun X, Xia Y, Wei Z, Dai Y. Arctigenin disrupts NLRP3 inflammasome assembly in colonic macrophages via downregulating fatty acid oxidation to prevent colitis-associated cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 491:162-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lo MW, Kemper C, Woodruff TM. COVID-19: Complement, Coagulation, and Collateral Damage. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:1488-1495. [PMID: 32699160 PMCID: PMC7484432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory infection that is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although most people are immunocompetent to the virus, a small group fail to mount an effective antiviral response and develop chronic infections that trigger hyperinflammation. This results in major complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiorgan failure, which all carry poor prognoses. Emerging evidence suggests that the complement system plays a key role in this inflammatory reaction. Indeed, patients with severe COVID-19 show prominent complement activation in their lung, skin, and sera, and those individuals who were treated with complement inhibitors all recovered with no adverse reactions. These and other studies hint at complement's therapeutic potential in these sequalae, and thus, to support drug development, in this review, we provide a summary of COVID-19 and review complement's role in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome and coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
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Vinaik R, Barayan D, Auger C, Abdullahi A, Jeschke MG. Regulation of glycolysis and the Warburg effect in wound healing. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138949. [PMID: 32750036 PMCID: PMC7526439 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant adverse postburn responses is abnormal scar formation, such as keloids. Despite its prolificacy, the underlying pathophysiology of keloid development is unknown. We recently demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome, the master regulator of inflammatory and metabolic responses (e.g., aerobic glycolysis), is essential for physiological wound healing. Therefore, burn patients who develop keloids may exhibit altered immunometabolic responses at the site of injury, which interferes with normal healing and portends keloid development. Here, we confirmed keloid NLRP3 activation (cleaved caspase-1 [P < 0.05], IL-1β [P < 0.05], IL-18 [P < 0.01]) and upregulation in Glut1 (P < 0.001) and glycolytic enzymes. Burn skin similarly displayed enhanced glycolysis and Glut1 expression (P < 0.01). However, Glut1 was significantly higher in keloid compared with nonkeloid burn patients (>2 SD above mean). Targeting aberrant glucose metabolism with shikonin, a pyruvate kinase M2 inhibitor, dampened NLRP3-mediated inflammation (cleaved caspase-1 [P < 0.05], IL-1β [P < 0.01]) and improved healing in vivo. In summary, burn skin exhibited evidence of Warburg-like metabolism, similar to keloids. Targeting this altered metabolism could change the trajectory toward normal scarring, indicating the clinical possibility of shikonin for abnormal scar prevention. Burn skin exhibits Warburg-like metabolism, similar to keloids, and targeting altered glucose metabolism could mitigate scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, and.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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