1
|
Greene E, Green CL, Hurst J, MacIver NJ. Metformin use associated with lower rate of hospitalization for influenza in individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3281-3289. [PMID: 38742467 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate if patients with diabetes taking metformin have better outcomes versus those not taking metformin following an emergency room visit for influenza. METHODS Using electronic medical records, we performed a retrospective chart review of all adult patients with a diagnosis of diabetes seen in any Duke University Medical Center-affiliated emergency department for influenza over a 6-year period. We documented patient characteristics and comorbidities, and compared outcomes for patients taking metformin versus patients not taking metformin using both univariable and multivariable analyses. Our primary outcome was hospital admission rate. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital length of stay and in-hospital death. RESULTS Our cohort included 1023 adult patients with diabetes, of whom 59.9% were female. The mean age was 62.9 years, 58.4% were African American, 36.1% were White, and 81.9% were obese or overweight. Of these patients, 347 (34%) were taking metformin. Patients with diabetes taking metformin were less likely to be hospitalized following an emergency department visit for influenza than patients with diabetes not taking metformin (56.8% vs. 70.1%; p < 0.001). Of those patients admitted, there was no statistically significant difference in length of stay or death. CONCLUSIONS In patients with diabetes, metformin use is associated with lower rate of hospitalization following an emergency department visit for influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Greene
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia L Green
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jillian Hurst
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ye J, Tang C, Wu R, Tang Y, Yin H, Bai Y, Han P. Preoperative blood-based nutritional biomarkers as significant prognostic factors after intravesical BCG therapy in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. World J Urol 2024; 42:428. [PMID: 39037600 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-05148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of blood-based nutritional biomarkers, including red blood cell (RBC count), hemoglobin (Hb), total protein (TP), albumin, the serum albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients who underwent intravesical treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). A total of 501 NMIBC patients who received intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment following transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) were included. The optimal cutoff values for these nutrition-based indicators were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We observed a significantly higher recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate in patients with elevated levels of RBC count, Hb, TP, and albumin. Cox univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that serum albumin (P = 0.002, HR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.33-0.78), RBC count (P = 0.002, HR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.32-0.77), TP (P = 0.028, HR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.41-0.95), Hb (P = 0.004, HR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.33-0.84), AGR (P = 0.003, HR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.27-0.76) and PNI (P = 0.019, HR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.35-0.91) were significant independent factors predicting RFS. These cost-effective and convenient blood-based nutritional biomarkers have the potential to serve as valuable prognostic indicators for predicting recurrence in NMIBC patients undergoing BCG-immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjiang Ye
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cai Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruicheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yin Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hesheng Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjin Bai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han K, Wang T, Zou C, Li T, Zhou L. The associations between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and all-cause, cancer-specific, and cardiovascular mortality in the U.S. population: a large-scale pooled survey. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:48. [PMID: 38997737 PMCID: PMC11245820 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported a close association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and various conditions. However, the association between the GNRI and mortality remains unclear. To examine the correlation between the GNRI and all-cause, cancer-specific, and cardiovascular mortality, this study was performed. METHODS We analyzed elderly participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2016. The GNRI was calculated using body mass index and serum albumin. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were drawn to compare the survival probability between the normal and decreased GNRI groups. Weighted multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were employed to determine the linear and non-linear associations of the GNRI with all-cause, cancer-specific, and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS A total of 3,276 participants were included in the analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the decreased GNRI group had a lower survival probability for all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality (P < 0.001) but not for cardiovascular mortality (P > 0.05). In the full regression models, the decreased group had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.21-2.30, P = 0.002), and cancer-specific mortality (HR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.32-3.67, P = 0.003) than the normal group. For cardiovascular mortality, no significant association with GNRI (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.60-3.22, P = 0.436) was detected. Notably, the RCS analysis identified a linear downward trend between the GNRI and all-cause, alongside cancer-specific mortalities (all P for overall < 0.05). The time-dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis unveiled the predictive power of the GNRI for 5-year all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cardiovascular mortality was 0.754, 0.757, and 0.836, respectively, after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with a decreased GNRI had increased risks of all-cause, and cancer-specific mortality. There were linear associations of the GNRI with all-cause, and cancer-specific mortality. Nutritional status should be carefully monitored, which may improve the overall prognosis for the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tianhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Congcong Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Leng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rajeev D, MacIver NJ. Metformin as a Therapeutic Agent for Obesity-Associated Immune Dysfunction. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00381-X. [PMID: 38972391 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with impaired immune function, characterized by inflammation, and leading to poor response to infection, impaired vaccine response, increased susceptibility to autoimmune disease, and increased risk of cancer and cancer mortality. Worse, there is evidence that weight loss alone may be insufficient to reverse the immune dysfunction caused by obesity. It is therefore critically important to identify alternative therapeutic approaches to decrease the negative effects of obesity-associated inflammation. In this article, we will review evidence that the antidiabetic drug metformin may be considered as a therapeutic agent for obesity-associated immune dysfunction. Metformin has immunomodulatory effects, stimulating or suppressing the immune response in both a cell-specific and disease-specific manner. Although the mechanism of action of metformin on the immune system remains to be fully elucidated, there is strong evidence that metformin enters select immune cells and disrupts electron transport, leading to both AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent effects on immune cell differentiation and cytokine production. These effects of metformin on immune cells have been shown to improve immune responses to infection, autoimmunity, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devika Rajeev
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li TC, Li CI, Liu CS, Lin CH, Yang SY, Lin CC. Comparison of Mini Nutritional Assessment Tool and Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index in Predicting 12-Y Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons. J Nutr 2024; 154:2215-2225. [PMID: 38763266 PMCID: PMC11282499 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is a common and dangerous condition in older adults, which has been associated with increased risk of mortality. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate and compare the abilities of Mini Nutritional Assessment short form (MNA-SF), MNA full form (MNA-FF), and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) to predict all-cause and expanded cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This research was an observational cohort study conducted in a community setting, with a 12-y follow-up involving 1001 community-living older adults aged 65 y or older who were enrolled in 2009 and followed up until 2021. Nutritional status assessment was carried out in 2009 using MNA-SF, MNA-FF, and GNRI. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to determine adjusted hazard ratios of mortality with 95% CIs. RESULTS A total of 368 deaths (36.76%) and 122 expanded CVD-related deaths (12.19%) were observed after a median follow-up of 12 y. Compared with normal nutritional status, poor nutritional status assessed by the MNA-SF, MNA-FF, and GNRI was found to be associated with an increased all-cause mortality in older persons. MNA-SF and MNA-FF, but not GNRI, were associated with expanded CVD-related mortality. The MNA-FF showed better discriminatory accuracy for all-cause (C-statistics: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.79) and expanded CVD-related mortality (C-statistics: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.83) than MNA-SF (C-statistics: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73-0.79; and C-statistics: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.72-0.81, respectively) and GNRI (C-statistics: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.73-0.79; and C-statistics: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.72-0.80, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that MNA-SF, MNA-FF, and GNRI were all independent predictors of all-cause mortality. In particular, the MNA-FF may be the best nutritional assessment tool for predicting all-cause and CVD-related mortality among older persons residing in community, compared with MNA-SF and GNRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ing Li
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Yu Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salehi Z, Askari M, Jafari A, Ghosn B, Surkan PJ, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Pouraram H, Azadbakht L. Dietary patterns and micronutrients in respiratory infections including COVID-19: a narrative review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1661. [PMID: 38907196 PMCID: PMC11193220 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by nCoV-2019, a new beta-coronavirus from Wuhan, China, that mainly affects the respiratory system and can be modulated by nutrition. METHODS This review aims to summarize the current literature on the association between dietary intake and serum levels of micronutrients, malnutrition, and dietary patterns and respiratory infections, including flu, pneumonia, and acute respiratory syndrome, with a focus on COVID-19. We searched for relevant articles in various databases and selected those that met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS Some studies suggest that dietary patterns, malnutrition, and certain nutrients such as vitamins D, E, A, iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber may have a significant role in preventing respiratory diseases, alleviating symptoms, and lowering mortality rates. However, the evidence is not consistent and conclusive, and more research is needed to clarify the mechanisms and the optimal doses of these dietary components. The impact of omega-3 and fiber on respiratory diseases has been mainly studied in children and adults, respectively, and few studies have examined the effect of dietary components on COVID-19 prevention, with a greater focus on vitamin D. CONCLUSION This review highlights the potential of nutrition as a modifiable factor in the prevention and management of respiratory infections and suggests some directions for future research. However, it also acknowledges the limitations of the existing literature, such as the heterogeneity of the study designs, populations, interventions, and outcomes, and the difficulty of isolating the effects of single nutrients from the complex interactions of the whole diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Batoul Ghosn
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Hamed Pouraram
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Conte C, Cipponeri E, Roden M. Diabetes Mellitus, Energy Metabolism, and COVID-19. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:281-308. [PMID: 37934800 PMCID: PMC10911957 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes mellitus (mostly type 2), and COVID-19 show mutual interactions because they are not only risk factors for both acute and chronic COVID-19 manifestations, but also because COVID-19 alters energy metabolism. Such metabolic alterations can lead to dysglycemia and long-lasting effects. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for a further rise of the diabetes pandemic. This review outlines how preexisting metabolic alterations spanning from excess visceral adipose tissue to hyperglycemia and overt diabetes may exacerbate COVID-19 severity. We also summarize the different effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the key organs and tissues orchestrating energy metabolism, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. Last, we provide an integrative view of the metabolic derangements that occur during COVID-19. Altogether, this review allows for better understanding of the metabolic derangements occurring when a fire starts from a small flame, and thereby help reducing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome 00166, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Elisa Cipponeri
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stumpf F, Wunderle C, Ritz J, Bernasconi L, Neyer P, Tribolet P, Stanga Z, Mueller B, Bischoff SC, Schuetz P. Prognostic implications of the arginine metabolism in patients at nutritional risk: A secondary analysis of the randomized EFFORT trial. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:660-673. [PMID: 38309228 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine, a conditionally essential amino acid, is key component in metabolic pathways including immune regulation and protein synthesis. Depletion of arginine contributes to worse outcomes in severely ill and surgical patient populations. We assessed prognostic implications of arginine levels and its metabolites and ratios in polymorbid medical inpatients at nutritional risk regarding clinical outcomes and treatment response. METHODS Within this secondary analysis of the randomized controlled Effect of early nutritional support on Frailty, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of malnourished medical inpatients Trial (EFFORT), we investigated the association of arginine, its metabolites and ratios (i.e., ADMA and SDMA, ratios of arginine/ADMA, arginine/ornithine, and global arginine bioavailability ratio) measured on hospital admission with short-term and long-term mortality by means of regression analysis. RESULTS Among the 231 patients with available measurements, low arginine levels ≤90.05 μmol/l (n = 86; 37 %) were associated with higher all-cause mortality at 30 days (primary endpoint, adjusted HR 3.27, 95 % CI 1.86 to 5.75, p < 0.001) and at 5 years (adjusted HR 1.50, 95 % CI 1.07 to 2.12, p = 0.020). Arginine metabolites and ratios were also associated with adverse outcome, but had lower prognostic value. There was, however, no evidence that treatment response was influenced by admission arginine levels. CONCLUSION This secondary analysis focusing on medical inpatients at nutritional risk confirms a strong association of low plasma arginine levels and worse clinical courses. The potential effects of arginine-enriched nutritional supplements should be investigated in this population of patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02517476 (registered 7 August 2015).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Stumpf
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carla Wunderle
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Ritz
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bernasconi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Peter Neyer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Tribolet
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Falkenplatz 24, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Life Sciences University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zeno Stanga
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vore AS, Marsland P, Barney TM, Varlinskaya EI, Landin JD, Healey KL, Kibble S, Swartzwelder HS, Chandler LJ, Deak T. Adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) produces lasting, sex-specific changes in rat body fat independent of changes in white blood cell composition. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1285376. [PMID: 38332987 PMCID: PMC10851431 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1285376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Early initiation of alcohol use during adolescence, and adolescent binge drinking are risk factors for the development of alcohol use disorder later in life. Adolescence is a time of rapid sex-dependent neural, physiological, and behavioral changes as well as a period of heightened vulnerability to many effects of alcohol. The goal of the present studies was to determine age-related changes in blood (leukocyte populations) and body composition across adolescence and early adulthood, and to investigate whether adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure would alter the trajectory of adolescent development on these broad physiological parameters. We observed significant ontogenetic changes in leukocyte populations that were mirrored by an age-related increase in cytokine expression among mixed populations of circulating leukocytes. Despite these developmental changes, AIE did not significantly alter overall leukocyte numbers or cytokine gene expression. However, AIE led to sex-specific changes in body fat mass and fat percentage, with AIE-exposed male rats showing significantly decreased fat levels and female rats showing significantly increased fat levels relative to controls. These changes suggest that while AIE may not alter overall leukocyte levels, more complex phenotypic changes in leukocyte populations could underlie previously reported differences in cytokine expression. Coupled with long-term shifts in adipocyte levels, this could have long-lasting effects on innate immunity and the capacity of individuals to respond to later immunological and physiological threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Vore
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Paige Marsland
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Thaddeus M. Barney
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Elena I. Varlinskaya
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Justine D. Landin
- Department of Neurosciences, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kati L. Healey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sandra Kibble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - H. S. Swartzwelder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Chandler
- Department of Neurosciences, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Terrence Deak
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma YC, Ju YM, Cao MY, Yang D, Zhang KX, Liang H, Leng JY. Exploring the relationship between malnutrition and the systemic immune-inflammation index in older inpatients: a study based on comprehensive geriatric assessment. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:19. [PMID: 38178005 PMCID: PMC10768166 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is a prevalent and major challenge among senior citizens, possibly due to the continual low-grade inflammatory state of the body. A novel inflammatory parameter, the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), is highly valuable in evaluating and predicting the prognosis of a wide range of diseases. This study aims to explore the significance of the SII in assessing malnutrition in older inpatients. METHODS This retrospective study included 500 senior hospitalized patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment database of the First Hospital of Jilin University. The Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire was used to evaluate the nutritional status of patients. The SII was calculated using complete blood counts, and we performed natural logarithm transformation of the SII [ln(SII)]. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between ln(SII) and malnutrition. To ensure the stability of the findings, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. RESULTS The 500 patients had a mean age of 77.29 ± 9.85 years, and 68.6% were male. In accordance with the MNA, 30.4% of the patients were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, and patients in this group had considerably greater levels of ln(SII) than patients with adequate nutrition (P < 0.001). The optimum ln(SII) cutoff value for patients with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition was 6.46 (SII = 635.87) with 46.7% sensitivity and 80.2% specificity [95% CI: 0.613-0.721, AUC: 0.667, P < 0.001]. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that ln(SII) was an independent risk factor for the risk of malnutrition or malnutrition in older individuals (OR 3.984, 95% CI: 2.426-6.543, P < 0.001). Other metrics from the geriatric comprehensive assessment, including body mass index, calf circumference, fat ratio, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, and geriatric depression scale scores, were also independently correlated with nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS According to our research, a high SII is an independent predictor of older inpatient malnutrition, and the SII aids in screening for malnutrition and may be a potential target for intervention. Comprehensive geriatric assessment parameters such as BMI, calf circumference, fat ratio, activities of daily living and depression were also linked to malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cen Ma
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yan-Min Ju
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Meng-Yu Cao
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhang
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ji-Yan Leng
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marongiu L, Burkard M, Helling T, Biendl M, Venturelli S. Modulation of the replication of positive-sense RNA viruses by the natural plant metabolite xanthohumol and its derivatives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37942943 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2275169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of identifying new potent antiviral agents. Nutrients as well as plant-derived substances are promising candidates because they are usually well tolerated by the human body and readily available in nature, and consequently mostly cheap to produce. A variety of antiviral effects have recently been described for the hop chalcone xanthohumol (XN), and to a lesser extent for its derivatives, making these hop compounds particularly attractive for further investigation. Noteworthy, mounting evidence indicated that XN can suppress a wide range of viruses belonging to several virus families, all of which share a common reproductive cycle. As a result, the purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent research on the antiviral properties of XN and its derivatives, with a particular emphasis on the positive-sense RNA viruses human hepatitis C virus (HCV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marongiu
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- HoLMiR-Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Burkard
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Helling
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Biendl
- HHV Hallertauer Hopfenveredelungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Mainburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Binder AF, Walker CJ, Mark TM, Baljevic M. Impacting T-cell fitness in multiple myeloma: potential roles for selinexor and XPO1 inhibitors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275329. [PMID: 37954586 PMCID: PMC10637355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Competent T-cells with sufficient levels of fitness combat cancer formation and progression. In multiple myeloma (MM), T-cell exhaustion is caused by several factors including tumor burden, constant immune activation due to chronic disease, age, nutritional status, and certain MM treatments such as alkylating agents and proteasome inhibitors. Many currently used therapies, including bispecific T-cell engagers, anti-CD38 antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, and CART-cells, directly or indirectly depend on the anti-cancer activity of T-cells. Reduced T-cell fitness not only diminishes immune defenses, increasing patient susceptibility to opportunistic infections, but can impact effectiveness MM therapy effectiveness, bringing into focus sequencing strategies that could modulate T-cell fitness and potentially optimize overall benefit and clinical outcomes. Certain targeted agents used to treat MM, such as selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) compounds, have the potential to mitigate T-cell exhaustion. Herein referred to as XPO1 inhibitors, SINE compounds inhibit the nuclear export protein exportin 1 (XPO1), which leads to nuclear retention and activation of tumor suppressor proteins and downregulation of oncoprotein expression. The XPO1 inhibitors selinexor and eltanexor reduced T-cell exhaustion in cell lines and animal models, suggesting their potential role in revitalizating these key effector cells. Additional clinical studies are needed to understand how T-cell fitness is impacted by diseases and therapeutic factors in MM, to potentially facilitate the optimal use of available treatments that depend on, and impact, T-cell function. This review summarizes the importance of T-cell fitness and the potential to optimize treatment using T-cell engaging therapies with a focus on XPO1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam F. Binder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant and Hematologic Malignancies, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Walker
- Department of Translational Research, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Tomer M. Mark
- Department of Translational Research, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Muhamed Baljevic
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiao H, Wang L, Zhou X, Wu J, Li T. Prognostic Ability of Nutritional Indices for Outcomes of Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Urol Int 2023; 107:886-894. [PMID: 37643581 DOI: 10.1159/000531884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition has become an important parameter influencing the prognosis of several cancers. However, its impact on outcomes for bladder cancer (BC) is still unclear. This review examines the association between three commonly used nutritional indices, namely, the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), controlling nutritional status (CONUT), and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and outcomes of BC. METHODS PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar were explored for studies published up to April 13, 2023. Data from studies were pooled to examine the association between PNI, CONUT, or GNRI and overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS Thirteen studies were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated significantly poor OS with low PNI versus high PNI in BC patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37, 2.14; I2 = 0%). This result remained significant in various subgroup analyses. However, no association was noted between PNI and RFS (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.67, 2.24; I2 = 84%). Meta-analysis showed that patients with high CONUT scores had significantly poor OS (HR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.82, 3.25; I2 = 0%) as well as RFS (HR: 2.90; 95% CI: 2.10, 4.01; I2 = 0%). Data on GNRI were scarce and conflicting. CONCLUSION Limited data show that PNI and CONUT are predictive of outcomes in BC. Low PNI was associated with poor OS, while high CONUT was associated with poor OS and RFS. Data on GNRI are too scarce to obtain conclusions. Further studies are needed to supplement the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Jiao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang Y, Wang X, Wang S, Chen Q, Li M, Lu S. Identification of Potential Sex-Specific Biomarkers in Pigs with Low and High Intramuscular Fat Content Using Integrated Bioinformatics and Machine Learning. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1695. [PMID: 37761835 PMCID: PMC10531182 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a key determinant of pork quality. Controlling the genetic and physiological factors of IMF and the expression patterns of various genes is important for regulating the IMF content and improving meat quality in pig breeding. Growing evidence has suggested the role of genetic factors and breeds in IMF deposition; however, research on the sex factors of IMF deposition is still lacking. The present study aimed to identify potential sex-specific biomarkers strongly associated with IMF deposition in low- and high-IMF pig populations. The GSE144780 expression dataset of IMF deposition-related genes were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Initially, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in male and female low-IMF (162 DEGs, including 64 up- and 98 down-regulated genes) and high-IMF pigs (202 DEGs, including 147 up- and 55 down-regulated genes). Moreover, hub genes were screened via PPI network construction. Furthermore, hub genes were screened for potential sex-specific biomarkers using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator machine learning algorithm, and sex-specific biomarkers in low-IMF (troponin I (TNNI1), myosin light chain 9(MYL9), and serpin family C member 1(SERPINC1)) and high-IMF pigs (CD4 molecule (CD4), CD2 molecule (CD2), and amine oxidase copper-containing 2(AOC2)) were identified, and then verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in semimembranosus muscles. Additionally, the gene set enrichment analysis and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis of hallmark gene sets were collectively performed on the identified biomarkers. Finally, the transcription factor-biomarker and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA (biomarker) networks were predicted. The identified potential sex-specific biomarkers may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of IMF deposition and the beneficial foundation for improving meat quality in pig breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shaoxiong Lu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (Q.C.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Z, Zhu G, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Zang W, Shen Z. Comprehensive comparative analysis of the prognostic impact of systemic inflammation biomarkers for patients underwent cardiac surgery. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190380. [PMID: 37646036 PMCID: PMC10461628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays an integral role in the development of cardiovascular disease, and few studies have identified different biomarkers to predict the prognosis of cardiac surgery. But there is a lack of reliable and valid evidence to determine the optimal systemic inflammatory biomarkers to predict prognosis. Methods From December 2015 and March 2021, we collected 10 systemic inflammation biomarkers among 820 patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) curve at different time points and C-index was compared at different time points. Kaplan-Meier method was performed to analyze overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to assess independent risk factors for OS. A random internal validation was conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the biomarkers. Results The area under the ROC of lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) was 0.655, 0.620 and 0.613 at 1-, 2- and 3-year respectively, and C-index of LCR for OS after cardiac surgery was 0.611, suggesting that LCR may serve as a favorable indicator for predicting the prognosis of cardiac surgery. Patients with low LCR had a higher risk of postoperative complications. Besides, Cox proportional hazard regression analyses indicated that LCR was considered as an independent risk factor of OS after cardiac surgery. Conclusion LCR shows promise as a noteworthy representative among the systemic inflammation biomarkers in predicting the prognosis of cardiac surgery. Screening for low LCR levels may help surgeons identify high-risk patients and guide perioperative management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Zhu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonggui Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangfu Zang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zile Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xia H, Zhang W, Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Mu X, Wei C, Wang X, Liu Y. Predictive value of the prognostic nutritional index in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17400. [PMID: 37520982 PMCID: PMC10374926 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), which is derived from the albumin concentration and absolute lymphocyte number, is an effective indicator of cancer patients' nutritional and immunological status. According to multiple studies, PNI was strongly linked to the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The predictive value of PNI for survival outcomes in NSCLC patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still in dispute at present. This meta-analysis is devoted to fill this information gap and investigate the predictive ability of PNI in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and conference proceedings were searched for eligible studies without language restriction. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were included. The predictive value of PNI was estimated using hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Results Thirteen relevant retrospective cohort studies were included and these studies included 1119 patients with stage III-IV NSCLC. Lower PNI status was found to be an independent risk factor for worse survival outcomes in patients with NSCLC (OS HR = 2.68; 95%CI: 1.76-4.06; P < 0.0001; PFS HR = 1.84; 95%CI: 1.39-2.42; P < 0.0001). According to the subgroup analysis, PNI was similarly connected to OS in most subgroups of NSCLC patients receiving ICIs, except for those receiving chemoimmunotherapy or first-line treatment, and those with a cut-off value < 45. Conclusion Our findings indicated that lower PNI was associated with poorer prognosis in NSCLC patients undergoing ICI therapy. Further prospective research with bigger patient groups is required. Systematic Review Registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), identifier CRD42022327528.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Handai Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wengang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Mu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Third People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chenxi Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanguo Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
He J, Huang F, Liao X, Zhang J, Wei S, Xiao Y, Zheng X, Zhu Z, Chen D, Chen J. TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 2395 promotes the immune response against Leishmania donovani in obesity and undernutrition mice. Acta Trop 2023; 242:106921. [PMID: 37030488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
As important immunomodulators, CpG ODNs have broad application prospects in the treatment and prevention of leishmaniasis. In order to explore the immunomodulatory effect of CpG ODNs on mice infected with Leishmania parasites in different nutritional status, TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 2395 or TLR9 antagonist CpG ODN 2088 was injected into normal, obesity and undernutrition BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani, respectively. Subsequently, spleen and liver parasite loads, spleen and liver immune gene expression, spleen T cell subsets proportion and PD-1 expression, serum lipids, serum cytokines, and anti-Leishmania antibodies were measured to assess the immune response of mice with different nutritional status. The results displayed that at the 8th week after infection, the spleen parasite load of obesity and undernutrition mice was significantly higher than that of normal mice, but the liver parasite load showed no statistical difference among the three groups. The treatment of CpG ODN 2395 or CpG ODN 2088 significantly reduced the spleen parasite load of obesity and undernutrition infected mice, but did not reduce that of normal infected mice. In obesity infected mice, CpG ODN 2395 promoted the up-regulation of TCR, ICOS and TLR4 in spleen, promoted the secretion of IFN-γ and anti-Leishmania total IgG and IgG1 antibodies, and increased the content of serum HDL-C. In undernutrition infected mice, CpG ODN 2395 promoted the up-regulation of spleen CD28 and TLR9, increased the proportion of spleen CD3+ T cells, and decreased the content of serum IL-10. Our results demonstrated that CpG ODN 2395 enhanced the immune response and clearance of Leishmania parasites in obesity and undernutrition mice, which might be used as a therapeutic agent for obesity and undernutrition leishmaniasis patients in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Huang
- First Surgical Department, Chengdu Shuangliu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuechun Liao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shulan Wei
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuying Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meng Y, Zhang Z, Zhao T, Zhang D. Prognostic Significance of Nutrition-Associated Markers in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20220523. [PMID: 37162076 PMCID: PMC10263396 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of nutrition indicators in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unclear. OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prognostic value of serum albumin (SA), the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with HFpEF. METHODS Databases of PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched for all studies published up to January 2022. The prognostic significance of SA, GNRI, and PNI for HFpEF was explored. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the STATA 15.0 software. The Quality of Prognosis Studies tool was used to assess the quality of studies. RESULTS Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, and 5603 adults with HFpEF were included in the meta-analysis. The analyses showed that a decreased SA or GNRI was significantly related to high all-cause mortality (HR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.282-3.057; p = 0.002; and HR: 1.812;95% CI: 1.064-3.086; p = 0.029, respectively). Furthermore, a lower SA indicates a bad composite outcome of all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization (HR: 1.768; 95% CI: 1.483-2.108; p = 0.000), and a lower GNRI was significantly associated with high cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.922; 95% CI: 1.504-2.457;p = 0.000). However, a lower PNI did not correlate with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.176; 95% CI: 0.858-1.612, p=0.314). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicates that SA and GNRI may be useful indicators to predict the prognosis of patients with HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- Departamento de Medicina GeralSegundo HospitalUniversidade de LanzhouLanzhouGansuChinaDepartamento de Medicina Geral, Segundo Hospital da Universidade de Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu – China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Departamento de Medicina GeralSegundo HospitalUniversidade de LanzhouLanzhouGansuChinaDepartamento de Medicina Geral, Segundo Hospital da Universidade de Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu – China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Departamento de OrtopediaPrimer HospitalUniversidade de LanzhouLanzhouGansuChinaDepartamento de Ortopedia, Primer Hospital da Universidade de Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu – China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Departamento de GastroenterologiaSegundo HospitalUniversidade de LanzhouLanzhouGansuChinaDepartamento de Gastroenterologia, Segundo Hospital da Universidade de Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu – China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effect of Cancer-Related Cachexia and Associated Changes in Nutritional Status, Inflammatory Status, and Muscle Mass on Immunotherapy Efficacy and Survival in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041076. [PMID: 36831431 PMCID: PMC9953791 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based immunotherapy has significantly improved the survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, a significant percentage of patients do not benefit from this approach, and predictive biomarkers are needed. Increasing evidence demonstrates that cachexia, a complex syndrome driven by cancer-related chronic inflammation often encountered in patients with NSCLC, may impair the immune response and ICI efficacy. Herein, we carried out a prospective study aimed at evaluating the prognostic and predictive role of cachexia with the related changes in nutritional, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters (assessed by the multidimensional miniCASCO tool) on the survival and clinical response (i.e., disease control rate) to ICI-based immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. We included 74 consecutive patients. Upon multivariate regression analysis, we found a negative association between IL-6 levels (odds ratio (OR) = 0.9036; 95%CI = 0.8408-0.9711; p = 0.0025) and the miniCASCO score (OR = 0.9768; 95%CI = 0.9102-0.9999; p = 0.0310) with the clinical response. As for survival outcomes, multivariate COX regression analysis found that IL-6 levels and miniCASCO-based cachexia severity significantly affected PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.0388; 95%CI = 1.0230-1.0548; p < 0.001 and HR = 1.2587; 95%CI = 1.0850-1.4602; p = 0.0024, respectively) and OS (HR = 1.0404; 95%CI = 1.0221-1.0589; p < 0.0001 and HR = 2.3834; 95%CI = 1.1504-4.9378; p = 0.0194, respectively). A comparison of the survival curves by Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly lower OS in patients with cachexia versus those without cachexia (p = 0.0323), as well as higher miniCASCO-based cachexia severity (p = 0.0428), an mGPS of 2 versus those with a lower mGPS (p = 0.0074), and higher IL-6 levels (>6 ng/mL) versus those with lower IL-6 levels (≤6 ng/mL) (p = 0.0120). In conclusion, our study supports the evidence that cachexia, with its related changes in inflammatory, body composition, and nutritional parameters, is a key prognostic and predictive factor for ICIs. Further larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore the potential benefit of counteracting cachexia to improve immunotherapy efficacy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Endo K, Sawa T, Kitamura H, Umezawa K, Makabe H, Tanaka S. Procyanidin B2 3,3″-di-O-gallate suppresses IFN-γ production in murine CD4 + T cells through the regulation of glutamine influx via direct interaction with ASCT2. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109617. [PMID: 36566519 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Excessive activation of CD4+ T cells increases cytokine production substantially and induces immune-mediated diseases. Procyanidins are polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties. Procyanidin B2 (PCB2) gallate [specifically, PCB2 3,3''-di-O-gallate (PCB2DG)] inhibits cytokine production through the suppression of glycolysis via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in T cells. Several amino acids play critical roles in T cell activation, especially glutamine, which is important in mTOR signaling and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in CD4+ T cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of PCB2DG, including its interaction partners, have yet to be clarified. In the present study, the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of PCB2DG on IFN-γ through glutamine metabolism regulation were investigated. We found that PCB2DG treatment reduced intracellular glutamine levels in CD4+ T cells, whereas the addition of glutamine abrogated the inhibitory effects of PCB2DG on IFN-γ production. The PCB2DG-induced reduction in intracellular glutamine accumulation led to the upregulated expression of activating transcription factor 4, which was induced by the cytoprotective signaling pathway in the amino acid response. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of alanine serine cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2), a major glutamine transporter in CD4+ T cells, were not altered by PCB2DG treatment. Further analysis using a target identification strategy revealed that PCB2DG binds to ASCT2, suggesting that PCB2DG interacts directly with this major glutamine transporter to inhibit glutamine influx. Overall, this study indicates that ASCT2 is a novel target protein of a dietary polyphenol and provides new insights into the mechanism underlying the immunomodulatory effects of polyphenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Endo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Toko Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Kitamura
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 090-0815, Japan
| | - Koji Umezawa
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge, Division of Innovative Biomolecular Science, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Makabe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge, Division of Innovative Biomolecular Science, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Sachi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nutraceuticals as Potential Therapeutic Modulators in Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020411. [PMID: 36678282 PMCID: PMC9865834 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals act as cellular and functional modulators, contributing to the homeostasis of physiological processes. In an inflammatory microenvironment, these functional foods can interact with the immune system by modulating or balancing the exacerbated proinflammatory response. In this process, immune cells, such as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), identify danger signals and, after interacting with T lymphocytes, induce a specific effector response. Moreover, this conditions their change of state with phenotypical and functional modifications from the resting state to the activated and effector state, supposing an increase in their energy requirements that affect their intracellular metabolism, with each immune cell showing a unique metabolic signature. Thus, nutraceuticals, such as polyphenols, vitamins, fatty acids, and sulforaphane, represent an active option to use therapeutically for health or the prevention of different pathologies, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. To regulate the inflammation associated with these pathologies, intervention in metabolic pathways through the modulation of metabolic energy with nutraceuticals is an attractive strategy that allows inducing important changes in cellular properties. Thus, we provide an overview of the link between metabolism, immune function, and nutraceuticals in chronic inflammatory processes associated with obesity and diabetes, paying particular attention to nutritional effects on APC and T cell immunometabolism, as well as the mechanisms required in the change in energetic pathways involved after their activation.
Collapse
|
22
|
汪 晓, 张 伶, 成 果. [Nutrition Plays a Vital Role in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:108-113. [PMID: 36647652 PMCID: PMC10409020 DOI: 10.12182/20230160303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Proper nutritional support helps boost the immunity of the human body, strengthen the high-risk populations' defense against SARS-CoV-2, reduce the prevalence of COVID-19, prevent mild cases from developing into severe cases, and reduce the occurrence of adverse symptoms during recovery. Nutritional support is an important guarantee to provide protection against virus infection, promote patient recovery, and improve patient prognosis. Whole nutritional food formulas designed according to the characteristic clinical symptoms of COVID-19 provide patients with comprehensive nutritional support of appropriate nutritional content, which effectively improves the nutritional status of patients and provides strong technical support to improve their quality of survival. During the critical period of COVID-19 prevention and control, more emphasis should be placed on the essential role of nutritional support and the clinical efficacy of nutritional support should be given full play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 晓语 汪
- 四川大学华西第二医院 营养中心 (成都 610041)Nutrition Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 伶俐 张
- 四川大学华西第二医院 营养中心 (成都 610041)Nutrition Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 果 成
- 四川大学华西第二医院 营养中心 (成都 610041)Nutrition Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dong S, Li W, Li X, Wang Z, Chen Z, Shi H, He R, Chen C, Zhou W. Glucose metabolism and tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: A key link in cancer progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038650. [PMID: 36578477 PMCID: PMC9792100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC) remain challenging endeavors globally. Late diagnosis lag, high invasiveness, chemical resistance, and poor prognosis are unresolved issues of PC. The concept of metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells. Increasing evidence shows that PC cells alter metabolic processes such as glucose, amino acids, and lipids metabolism and require continuous nutrition for survival, proliferation, and invasion. Glucose metabolism, in particular, regulates the tumour microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, the link between glucose metabolism and TME also plays an important role in the targeted therapy, chemoresistance, radiotherapy ineffectiveness, and immunosuppression of PC. Altered metabolism with the TME has emerged as a key mechanism regulating PC progression. This review shed light on the relationship between TME, glucose metabolism, and various aspects of PC. The findings of this study provide a new direction in the development of PC therapy targeting the metabolism of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Dong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wancheng Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaqing Shi
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ru He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wence Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Paloma T, Claudia CR, Naise R, Patricia B, Clevio F, Marcel Q, Pedro B, Abelardo A, Adriana B. Evaluation of nutritional status and adherence to dietary monitoring among patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:198-207. [PMID: 36513454 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The nutritional status of people infected with Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is rarely studied. Malnutrition affects the immune system, but the consequences of this remain unknown in HTLV-1 infection. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional status, food intake, and ability to adhere to dietary counseling in people with symptomatic HTLV-1 infection. METHODS This was a longitudinal, prospective, observational study in which the nutritional status of people with symptomatic HTLV-1 was monitored between June 2016 and August 2019 at a referral center. At the baseline (day 0) and last stage (day 90) anthropometric, bioimpedance, and dietary assessments were performed. RESULTS In total, 71 participants with symptomatic HTLV-1 infection were enrolled, the majority (43, 60.6%) of whom were female. The mean age was 59.2 (±11.1) years. Participants were often overweight or obese (40, 56.3%) had a BMI above 25 kg/m2. The average consumption of recommended fibers and liquids was positively associated with percent lean body mass (%LM). Most participants who were overweight (36.6%) or obese (19.70%) and their nutritional status and eating behavior did not change during the follow-up period. Dietary counseling was unable to promote a change in the monotony of the existing eating habits. Participants with good adherence to nutritional guidelines had higher dietary diversity scores. CONCLUSION A high proportion of participants were overweight or obese. Adherence to dietary counseling was low, and its success was limited in improving dietary diversity/nutritional status. Loss to follow-up was a limitation of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torres Paloma
- Nutrition Service, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Cople-Rodrigues Claudia
- Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, 12th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Rocha Naise
- Nutrition Service, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Brito Patricia
- Nutrition Service, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Fonseca Clevio
- COVID-19 Hospital Center to Combat Pandemic, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Quintana Marcel
- Clinical Research Platform, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Brasil Pedro
- Research Laboratory on Immunization and Health Surveillance, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Araújo Abelardo
- Clinical Research Laboratory in Neuroinfections, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Bacelo Adriana
- Nutrition Service, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Davern M, Donlon NE, O’Connell F, Gaughan C, O’Donovan C, McGrath J, Sheppard AD, Hayes C, King R, Temperley H, MacLean M, Bulter C, Bhardwaj A, Moore J, Donohoe C, Ravi N, Conroy MJ, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J. Nutrient deprivation and hypoxia alter T cell immune checkpoint expression: potential impact for immunotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04440-0. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Use of immune checkpoint blockade to enhance T cell-mediated immunity within the hostile tumour microenvironment (TME) is an attractive approach in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). This study explored the effects of the hostile TME, including nutrient deprivation and hypoxia, on immune checkpoint (IC) expression and T cell phenotypes, and the potential use of nivolumab to enhance T cell function under such conditions.
Methods and Results
ICs were upregulated on stromal immune cells within the tumour including PD-L2, CTLA-4 and TIGIT. OAC patient-derived PBMCs co-cultured with OE33 OAC cells upregulated LAG-3 and downregulated the co-stimulatory marker CD27 on T cells, highlighting the direct immunosuppressive effects of tumour cells on T cells. Hypoxia and nutrient deprivation altered the secretome of OAC patient-derived PBMCs, which induced upregulation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on OE33 OAC cells thus enhancing an immune-resistant phenotype. Importantly, culturing OAC patient-derived PBMCs under dual hypoxia and glucose deprivation, reflective of the conditions within the hostile TME, upregulated an array of ICs on the surface of T cells including PD-1, CTLA-4, A2aR, PD-L1 and PD-L2 and decreased expression of IFN-γ by T cells. Addition of nivolumab under these hostile conditions decreased the production of pro-tumorigenic cytokine IL-10.
Conclusion
Collectively, these findings highlight the immunosuppressive crosstalk between tumour cells and T cells within the OAC TME. The ability of nivolumab to suppress pro-tumorigenic T cell phenotypes within the hostile TME supports a rationale for the use of immune checkpoint blockade to promote anti-tumour immunity in OAC.
Graphical abstract
Study schematic: (A) IC expression profiles were assessed on CD45+ cells in peripheral whole blood and infiltrating tumour tissue from OAC patients in the treatment-naïve setting. (B) PBMCs were isolated from OAC patients and expanded ex vivo for 5 days using anti-CD3/28 + IL-2 T cell activation protocol and then co-cultured for 48 h with OE33 cells. T cell phenotypes were then assessed by flow cytometry. (C) PBMCs were isolated from OAC patients and expanded ex vivo for 5 days using anti-CD3/28 + IL-2 T cell activation protocol and then further cultured under conditions of nutrient deprivation or hypoxia for 48 h and T cell phenotypes were then assessed by flow cytometry. Key findings: (A) TIGIT, CTLA-4 and PD-L2 were upregulated on CD45+ immune cells and CTLA-4 expression on CD45+ cells correlated with a subsequent decreased response to neoadjuvant regimen. (B) Following a 48 h co-culture with OE33 cells, T cells upregulated LAG-3 and decreased CD27 co-stimulatory marker. (C) Nutrient deprivation and hypoxia upregulated a range of ICs on T cells and decreased IFN-γ production by T cells. Nivolumab decreased IL-10 production by T cells under nutrient deprivation-hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu Q, Brouwers B, Dalmasso B, Kenis C, Vuylsteke P, Debrock G, Smeets A, Laenen A, Wildiers H, Hatse S. Dynamic alterations of immunosenescence-related genes in older women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy: A prospective study. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101527. [PMID: 36067542 PMCID: PMC9460834 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact impact of chemotherapy on the immune system of older patients with breast cancer is not well known. A longitudinal study was performed investigating the evolution of the blood immune profile during and after chemotherapy in this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 39 patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (chemotherapy group, CTG) and 32 patients receiving only hormone therapy (control group, CG). A 10-gene panel associated with immunosenescence was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before (T1), at 3 months (T2) and at 12 months (T3) after initiation of adjuvant therapy. Nutrition status was assessed by using a mini nutritional assessment scale. Linear mixed model analyses were performed for trajectory evolution, with or without adjusting for age, tumor stage, breast cancer phenotype, and/or corresponding baseline gene levels. RESULTS Six genes relating to T cell activation (CD28, CD27, CD86, LCK, GRAP, LRRN3), and two genes relating to oxidative stress (PRDX6, HMOX1) exhibited a significant group-by-time effect, even after adjusting covariates(p≤ 0.01). In CTG, the T cell activation genes substantially declined from T1 to T2 and bounced back to a level higher than baseline at T3 (p<0.03), which was not observed in CG (p>0.26). Patients with malnutrition detected at T1 experienced more pronounced perturbation regarding CD27, LCK, CD69, VAMP5, and LRRN3 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Chemotherapy leads to transient perturbation of immune-related gene expression and potentially stimulates immunity in the long term. Well-nourished patients experience less impact of chemotherapy on immune-related gene expression profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Barbara Brouwers
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Bruna Dalmasso
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cindy Kenis
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vuylsteke
- Department of Medical Oncology, UCLouvain, CHU UCL Namur, Site Sainte-Elisabeth, Place Louise Godin 15, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Guy Debrock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ziekenhuizen Oost Limburg (ZOL), Schiepse Bos 6, Genk 3000, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Interuniversity Centre for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Prognostic Nutritional Index and Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography: A Clinical Retrospective Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101679. [PMID: 36294818 PMCID: PMC9604840 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine whether prognostic nutritional index (PNI) could serve as an auxiliary predictor for major cardiovascular events (MCEs) in patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA). A total of 485 participants were enrolled, divided into low-PNI (≥47.40) and high-PNI (<47.40) groups. ICA determined the stenotic vessels of coronary artery disease. The primary outcome was incidental MCEs, a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or rehospitalization of in-stent restenosis. There were 47 (9.69%) MCEs during the 3.78-years follow-up. The cumulative incidence of MCEs was significantly higher in the low-PNI patients compared with the high-PNI patients (17.07% vs. 7.18%, p = 0.001). Malnutrition risk (low PNI) was significantly and independently associated with a higher risk of MCEs (hazard ratios: 2.593, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.418−4.742). Combined use of the number of stenotic vessels with malnutrition risk showed a higher capacity to predict the MCEs than the presence of stenotic vessels alone (areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve: 0.696 [95% CI, 0.618−0.775] vs. 0.550 [95% CI, 0.466−0.633], p = 0.013). In conclusion, lower PNI levels may predict a higher risk of cardiovascular events in patients undergoing ICA, which supports the necessity of the risk assessment of nutrition status and guide the clinical treatment on strengthening nutritional support before ICA is performed, as well as nutritional intervention after ICA.
Collapse
|
28
|
Greene E, MacIver NJ. Targeting T cell (oxidative) metabolism to improve immunity to viral infection in the context of obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025495. [PMID: 36275776 PMCID: PMC9583400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of systemic metabolism can influence immunity. Individuals with obesity are known to have increased inflammation, increased risk to select autoimmune diseases, impaired response to several infections, and impaired vaccine response. For example, over the last decade, it has become clear that individuals with obesity have increased risk of morbidity and mortality from influenza infection. Unsurprisingly, this finding is also observed in the current COVID-19 pandemic: individuals with obesity, particularly severe obesity, have increased risk of poor outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection, including increased rates of hospitalization, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death. Several studies have now demonstrated a critical role for T cells in the context of obesity-associated immune dysfunction in response to viral infection, and one mechanism for this may be altered T cell metabolism. Indeed, recent studies have shown that activated T cells from obese mice have an altered metabolic profile characterized by increased glucose oxidation, both in vitro and in vivo following viral infection. For that reason, treatments that target abnormal immune cell metabolism in obesity may improve outcomes to viral infection. To that end, several recent studies have shown that use of the metabolic drug, metformin, can reverse abnormal T cell metabolism and restore T cell immunity, as well as survival, in response to viral infection. These findings will be discussed in detail here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Greene
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nancie J. MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Nancie J. MacIver,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
López JF, Bel Imam M, Satitsuksanoa P, Lems S, Yang M, Hwang YK, Losol P, Choi JP, Kim SH, Chang YS, Akdis M, Akdis CA, van de Veen W. Mechanisms and biomarkers of successful allergen-specific immunotherapy. Asia Pac Allergy 2022; 12:e45. [PMID: 36452016 PMCID: PMC9669467 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2022.12.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is considered the only curative treatment for allergic diseases mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Currently, the route of administration depends both on the different types of causal allergens and on its effectiveness and safety profile. Several studies have reported the mechanisms and changes in humoral and cellular response underlying AIT; however, the full picture remains unknown. Knowledge of who can benefit from this type of treatment is urgently needed due to the patient safety risks and costs of AIT. In vivo or in vitro biomarkers have become a strategy to predict clinical outcomes in precision medicine. There are currently no standardized biomarkers that allow determining successful responses to AIT, however, some studies have found differences between responders and nonresponders. In addition, different candidates have been postulated that may have the potential to become biomarkers. In this review, we aim to summarize the findings to date related to biomarkers in different IgE-mediated allergic diseases (respiratory, food, and venom allergy) with the potential to define who will benefit from AIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Felipe López
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Manal Bel Imam
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophieke Lems
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Minglin Yang
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Kyoung Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Purevsuren Losol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alley JR, Valentine RJ, Kohut ML. Mitochondrial Mass of Naïve T Cells Is Associated with Aerobic Fitness and Energy Expenditure of Active and Inactive Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1288-1299. [PMID: 35389948 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic exercise training is known to induce metabolic changes, but whether these adaptations extend to lymphocytes and how this may affect immune function remains largely unknown. This study was conducted to determine the extent to which mitochondrial characteristics of naïve T cells differ according to fitness status and to further examine the energy production pathways of cells from aerobically trained and inactive participants. METHODS Blood was collected from 30 aerobically active (>6 h·wk -1 ) or inactive (<90 min·wk -1 ) men and women. Naïve T cell mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and biogenesis were assessed with flow cytometry. Participants completed a treadmill maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O 2peak ) test and wore a physical activity monitor for 1 wk. In a subset of participants, naïve CD8 + T cell activation-induced glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP production was measured. RESULTS Active participants exhibited 16.7% more naïve CD8 + T cell mitochondrial mass ( P = 0.046), 34% greater daily energy expenditure ( P < 0.001), and 39.6% higher relative V̇O 2peak ( P < 0.001), along with 33.9% lower relative body fatness ( P < 0.001). Among all participants, naïve CD8 + T cell mitochondrial mass was correlated with estimated energy expenditure ( r = 0.36, P = 0.048) and V̇O 2peak ( r = 0.47, P = 0.009). There were no significant differences in ATP production, mitochondrial biogenesis, or mitochondrial membrane potential between active and inactive groups. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine the effects of aerobic exercise training status on metabolic parameters within human naïve T cells. Findings suggest that mitochondrial adaptations in certain immune cell types are positively associated with aerobic fitness and energy expenditure. This study provides a foundation for future development of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions targeting specific immune cell subsets to improve the immune response and overall health.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tsuda S, Nakayama M, Tanaka S, Haruyama N, Yoshitomi R, Fukui A, Tsuruya K, Nakano T, Kitazono T. The Association of Controlling Nutritional Status Score and Prognostic Nutritional Index with Cardiovascular Diseases: the Fukuoka Kidney Disease Registry Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022; 30:390-407. [PMID: 35811136 PMCID: PMC10067341 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) reflect the immunonutritional status of patients. However, the associations of these two indices with cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been characterized in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, the current study aimed to determine whether the CONUT score or PNI was associated with prior CVD in patients with CKD. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 2,751 patients with CKD who were not on dialysis was performed. The patients were grouped into tertiles (T1-T3) of PNI and placed into three groups following their CONUT score: low- (CONUT score, 0), mild- (CONUT score, 1-2), and moderate-to-high- (CONUT score, ≥ 3) risk groups. RESULTS Prior CVD was present in 655 (24%) of the participants. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, with adjustment for potential confounders, showed that high CONUT score was associated with prior CVD than the low score (mild-risk group: odds ratio [OR]=1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04-1.76; moderate-to-high-risk group: OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.19-2.30). In addition, the lower PNI tertiles were independently associated with prior CVD compared with T3 of PNI (T1: OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.09-1.92; T2: OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.01-1.72). CONCLUSIONS Both CONUT score and PNI were found to be independently associated with prior CVD in patients with CKD in the present cross-sectional study. A longitudinal study is needed to elucidate whether these two indices are associated with subsequent cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tsuda
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center
| | - Masaru Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Naoki Haruyama
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center
| | - Ryota Yoshitomi
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center
| | - Akiko Fukui
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center
| | | | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sakamoto T, Makinoya M, Sunaguchi T, Goto K, Morimoto M, Murakami Y, Miyatani K, Hanaki T, Shishido Y, Kihara K, Matsunaga T, Yamamoto M, Tokuyasu N, Fujiwara Y. Geriatric nutritional risk index as a prognostic factor in patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271073. [PMID: 35797279 PMCID: PMC9262175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic significance of geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) at the time of recurrence in patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer, and the relationship between GNRI and skeletal muscle mass for survival outcomes after recurrence. This study enrolled 77 patients who developed postoperative recurrence. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was used in this study. The patients were divided into a high-GNRI group (n = 36) and a low-GNRI group (n = 41) for the GNRI, and were divided into a high-SMI group (n = 38) and a low-SMI group (n = 39) for SMI. The 2-year post-recurrence overall survival of patients in the high-GNRI group was significantly longer than that of patients in the low-GNRI group (P = 0.001). No significant difference for the 2-year post-recurrence OS curves between the high-SMI group and the low-SMI group was observed (P = 0.125). Upon stratifying the patients with high GNRI or low GNRI according to SMI, There was no significant difference in the 2-year post-recurrence OS curves between the patients with both high GNRI and high SMI and the patients with high GNRI and low SMI (P = 0.399). Similarly, There was no significant difference in the 2-year post-recurrence OS curves between the patients with low GNRI and high SMI and the patients with both low GNRI and low SMI (P = 0.256). Multivariate analysis revealed that the GNRI at the time of recurrence was an independent prognostic risk factor in patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer (P = 0.019). The GNRI at the time of recurrence is useful for predicting the prognosis in patients with recurrence pancreatic cancer. Skeletal muscle mass at the time of recurrence is not contributed to predict post-recurrence survival of patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Sakamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Masahiro Makinoya
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Teppei Sunaguchi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Masaki Morimoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Kozo Miyatani
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Takehiko Hanaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Yuji Shishido
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kihara
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsunaga
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Naruo Tokuyasu
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fujiwara
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bowen L, Manlove K, Roug A, Waters S, LaHue N, Wolff P. Using transcriptomics to predict and visualize disease status in bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac046. [PMID: 35795016 PMCID: PMC9252122 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing risk of pathogen spillover coupled with overall declines in wildlife population abundance in the Anthropocene make infectious disease a relevant concern for species conservation worldwide. While emerging molecular tools could improve our diagnostic capabilities and give insight into mechanisms underlying wildlife disease risk, they have rarely been applied in practice. Here, employing a previously reported gene transcription panel of common immune markers to track physiological changes, we present a detailed analysis over the course of both acute and chronic infection in one wildlife species where disease plays a critical role in conservation, bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). Differential gene transcription patterns distinguished between infection statuses over the course of acute infection and differential correlation (DC) analyses identified clear changes in gene co-transcription patterns over the early stages of infection, with transcription of four genes-TGFb, AHR, IL1b and MX1-continuing to increase even as transcription of other immune-associated genes waned. In a separate analysis, we considered the capacity of the same gene transcription panel to aid in differentiating between chronically infected animals and animals in other disease states outside of acute disease events (an immediate priority for wildlife management in this system). We found that this transcription panel was capable of accurately identifying chronically infected animals in the test dataset, though additional data will be required to determine how far this ability extends. Taken together, our results showcase the successful proof of concept and breadth of potential utilities that gene transcription might provide to wildlife disease management, from direct insight into mechanisms associated with differential disease response to improved diagnostic capacity in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kezia Manlove
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Annette Roug
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Shannon Waters
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nate LaHue
- Nevada Department of Wildlife, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tang R, Zhong T, Fan L, Xie Y, Li J, Li X. Enhanced T Cell Glucose Uptake Is Associated With Progression of Beta-Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897047. [PMID: 35677051 PMCID: PMC9168918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal intracellular glucose/fatty acid metabolism of T cells has tremendous effects on their immuno-modulatory function, which is related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, the association between the status of intracellular metabolism of T cells and type 1 diabetes is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the uptake of glucose and fatty acids in T cells and its relationship with disease progression in type 1 diabetes. Methods A total of 86 individuals with type 1 diabetes were recruited to detect the uptake of glucose and fatty acids in T cells. 2-NBDG uptake and expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1); or BODIPY uptake and expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A(CPT1A) were used to assess the status of glucose or fatty acid uptake in T cells. Patients with type 1 diabetes were followed up every 3-6 months for 36 months, the progression of beta-cell function was assessed using generalized estimating equations, and survival analysis was performed to determine the status of beta-cell function preservation (defined as 2-hour postprandial C-peptide >200 pmol/L). Results Patients with type 1 diabetes demonstrated enhanced intracellular glucose uptake of T cells as indicated by higher 2NBDG uptake and GLUT1 expression, while no significant differences in fatty acid uptake were observed. The increased T cells glucose uptake is associated with lower C-peptide and higher hemoglobin A1c levels. Notably, patients with low T cell glucose uptake at onset maintained high levels of C-peptide within 36 months of the disease course [fasting C-petite and 2-hour postprandial C-peptide are 60.6 (95%CI: 21.1-99.8) pmol/L and 146.3 (95%CI: 14.1-278.5) pmol/L higher respectively], And they also have a higher proportion of beta-cell function preservation during this follow-up period (P<0.001). Conclusions Intracellular glucose uptake of T cells is abnormally enhanced in type 1 diabetes and is associated with beta-cell function and its progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071388. [PMID: 35406000 PMCID: PMC9002648 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to this. The ensuing consequence is a delayed but over-reactive immune response, characterized by high-grade inflammation (e.g., cytokine storm), endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation, thus leading to severe COVID-19. Superimposing an acute disturbance, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection, on metaflammation severely tests resilience. In the long run, metaflammation causes the “typical western” conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Severe COVID-19 and other serious infectious diseases can be added to the list of its short-term consequences. Therefore, preventive measures should include not only vaccination and the well-established actions intended to avoid infection, but also dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing or reversing metaflammation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gálvez I, Navarro MC, Martín-Cordero L, Otero E, Hinchado MD, Ortega E. The Influence of Obesity and Weight Loss on the Bioregulation of Innate/Inflammatory Responses: Macrophages and Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030612. [PMID: 35276970 PMCID: PMC8840693 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation and more susceptibility to infection, particularly viral infections, as clearly demonstrated in COVID-19. In this context, immunometabolism and metabolic flexibility of macrophages play an important role. Since inflammation is an inherent part of the innate response, strategies for decreasing the inflammatory response must avoid immunocompromise the innate defenses against pathogen challenges. The concept “bioregulation of inflammatory/innate responses” was coined in the context of the effects of exercise on these responses, implying a reduction in excessive inflammatory response, together with the preservation or stimulation of the innate response, with good transitions between pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages adapted to each individual’s inflammatory set-point in inflammatory diseases, particularly in obesity. The question now is whether these responses can be obtained in the context of weight loss by dietary interventions (low-fat diet or abandonment of the high-fat diet) in the absence of exercise, which can be especially relevant for obese individuals with difficulties exercising such as those suffering from persistent COVID-19. Results from recent studies are controversial and do not point to a clear anti-inflammatory effect of these dietary interventions, particularly in the adipose tissue. Further research focusing on the innate response is also necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gálvez
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Carmen Navarro
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Leticia Martín-Cordero
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Nursing Department, University Center of Plasencia, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Otero
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Dolores Hinchado
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ortega
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-924-289-300
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shinjyo N, Kita K. Infection and Immunometabolism in the Central Nervous System: A Possible Mechanistic Link Between Metabolic Imbalance and Dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:765217. [PMID: 34795562 PMCID: PMC8592913 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.765217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes are frequently associated with dementia, suggesting that the dysregulation of energy metabolism can increase the risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. In addition, growing evidence suggests the link between infections and brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The immune system and energy metabolism are in an intricate relationship. Infection triggers immune responses, which are accompanied by imbalance in cellular and organismal energy metabolism, while metabolic disorders can lead to immune dysregulation and higher infection susceptibility. In the brain, the activities of brain-resident immune cells, including microglia, are associated with their metabolic signatures, which may be affected by central nervous system (CNS) infection. Conversely, metabolic dysregulation can compromise innate immunity in the brain, leading to enhanced CNS infection susceptibility. Thus, infection and metabolic imbalance can be intertwined to each other in the etiology of brain disorders, including dementia. Insulin and leptin play pivotal roles in the regulation of immunometabolism in the CNS and periphery, and dysfunction of these signaling pathways are associated with cognitive impairment. Meanwhile, infectious complications are often comorbid with diabetes and obesity, which are characterized by insulin resistance and leptin signaling deficiency. Examples include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and periodontal disease caused by an oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This review explores potential interactions between infectious agents and insulin and leptin signaling pathways, and discuss possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between infection, metabolic dysregulation, and brain disorders, particularly focusing on the roles of insulin and leptin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nutritional Status as a Predictive Biomarker for Immunotherapy Outcomes in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225772. [PMID: 34830929 PMCID: PMC8616447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between pretreatment nutritional status and immunotherapy response in patients with advanced head and neck cancer is unclear. We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 99 patients who underwent treatment with anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies (or both) for stage IV HNSCC between 2014 and 2020 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were retrieved from electronic medical records. Baseline prognostic nutritional index (PNI) scores and pretreatment body mass index (BMI) trends were calculated. Associations between PNI and BMI were correlated with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and immunotherapy response. In univariate analysis, there was a significant correlation between OS and PFS with baseline PNI (OS: HR: 0.464; 95% CI: 0.265-0.814; PFS: p = 0.007 and HR: 0.525; 95% CI: 0.341-0.808; p = 0.003). Poor OS was also associated with a greater decrease in pretreatment BMI trend (HR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.229-0.77; p = 0.005). In multivariate analysis, baseline PNI but not BMI trend was significantly associated with OS and PFS (OS: log (HR) = -0.79, CI: -1.6, -0.03, p = 0.041; PFS: log (HR) = -0.78, CI: -1.4, -0.18, p = 0.011). In conclusion, poor pretreatment nutritional status is associated with negative post-immunotherapy outcomes.
Collapse
|
39
|
Boudou-Rouquette P, Arrondeau J, Gervais C, Durand JP, Fabre E, De Percin S, Villeminey CV, Piketty AC, Rassy N, Ulmann G, Damotte D, Mansuet-Lupo A, Giraud F, Alifano M, Wislez M, Alexandre J, Jouinot A, Goldwasser F. Development and validation of a host-dependent, PDL1-independent, biomarker to predict 6-month progression-free survival in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients treated with anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in the CERTIM Cohort: The ELY study. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103630. [PMID: 34688030 PMCID: PMC8536532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are dramatically active in a minority of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We studied here the relationship between patients's metabolism and outcome under ICI. Methods Metastatic NSCLC patients underwent a nutritional assessment prior to initiating immunotherapy. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured (mREE) using ambulatory indirect calorimetry and compared with the theoretical value (tREE) provided by the Harris and Benedict formula. The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) based on investigator review per RECIST v1.1. and overall survival (OS). The association of patient's metabolism with 6-month PFS was first explored in a single-center training cohort to estimate the effect size. The relationship between patient's metabolism and 6-month PFS was then tested in an independent non interventional observational prospective cohort (ELY) of 100 patients recruited in two tertiary university centers. Findings In the entire cohort, the ORR was 14% for the hypermetabolic group (n = 10/74) vs 38% for the normometabolic group (n = 26/68), respectively (estimated difference 25%, 95CI 9–40%, p = 0.001). The DCR was 28% for the hypermetabolic group (n = 21/74) vs 53% for the normometabolic group (n = 36/68), respectively (estimated difference 25%, 95CI 7–42%, p = 0.005). In the validation cohort (100 patients, 2 centers), normometabolic patients (defined as mREE/tREE < 110%) had increased 6-month PFS (57% versus 22%; odds ratio: 4.76; IC95 [1.87 – 12.89]; p<0.001) and improved overall survival (HR 2.20; IC95: 1.41–3.44; p<0.001). The positive and negative predictive values of normometabolism to identify non-progressive patients at 6 months, were 57% and 78% respectively, sensitivity was 72% and specificity was 66%. In multivariate analysis including PD-L1 tumor status, basal metabolism was an independent predictive factor for 6-month PFS. Interpretation Normometabolism is a new independent parameter to identify mNSCLC patients who will benefit from ICI, with both improved tumor response, 6-month PFS, and survival. Funding This work was supported by Baxter (04012016).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France; Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jennifer Arrondeau
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France; Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Claire Gervais
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Durand
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France; Thoracic Oncology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM); Paris University, France
| | - Elizabeth Fabre
- Thoracic Oncology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM); Paris University, France
| | - Sixtine De Percin
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France; Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Vaquin Villeminey
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France; Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Piketty
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France; Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rassy
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Ulmann
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Clinical Chemistry, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris University, France; URP 4466 PRETRAM, AP-HP, Paris University, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Pathology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris University, France; Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris University, France
| | - Audrey Mansuet-Lupo
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Pathology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris University, France; Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris University, France
| | - Frédérique Giraud
- Molecular Genetics Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris University, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris University, France
| | - Marie Wislez
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Pneumology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris University, France
| | - Jérôme Alexandre
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France; Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Anne Jouinot
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France; Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - François Goldwasser
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP; Cancer Research for PErsonalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France; Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; URP 4466 PRETRAM, AP-HP, Paris University, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang F, Zhang J, Zhou G. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose impedes T cell-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes in oral lichen planus. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10257-10267. [PMID: 34672419 PMCID: PMC8572795 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell–mediated immunoinflammatory disease. Glycolysis plays an essential role in T‐cell immune responses. Blocking glycolytic pathway in activated T cells represents a therapeutic strategy for restraint of immunologic process in autoimmune disorders. 2‐Deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) has been widely used to probe into glycolysis in immune cells. This study was aimed to explore the role of glycolysis inhibition by 2‐DG on regulating immune responses of OLP‐derived T cells. We observed that lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA) expression was elevated in OLP lesions and local T cells. 2‐DG inhibited the expression of LDHA, p‐mTOR, Hif1α and PLD2 in T cells; meanwhile, it decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of T cells. T cells treated by 2‐DG showed lower LDHA expression and elevated apoptosis, resulting in a reduced apoptotic population of keratinocytes that were co‐cultured with them, which was related to the decreased levels of IFN‐γ in co‐culture system. Rapamycin enhanced the effects of 2‐DG on immune responses between T cells and keratinocytes. Thus, these findings indicated that OLP‐derived T cells might be highly dependent upon high glycolysis for proliferation, and 2‐DG treatment combined with rapamycin might be an option to alleviate T‐cell responses, contributing to reducing apoptosis of keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HubeiMOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HubeiMOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HubeiMOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Alterations in Leptin Signaling in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910305. [PMID: 34638645 PMCID: PMC8508891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin has been suggested to play a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease. This adipokine has previously been shown to be associated with a lower risk of ALS and to confer a survival advantage in ALS patients. However, the role of leptin in the progression of ALS is unknown. Indeed, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying leptin's effects in the pathogenesis of ALS is very limited, and it is fundamental to determine whether alterations in leptin's actions take place in this neurodegenerative disease. To characterize the association between leptin signaling and the clinical course of ALS, we assessed the mRNA and protein expression profiles of leptin, the long-form of the leptin receptor (Ob-Rb), and leptin-related signaling pathways at two different stages of the disease (onset and end-stage) in TDP-43A315T mice compared to age-matched WT littermates. In addition, at selected time-points, an immunoassay analysis was conducted to characterize plasma levels of total ghrelin, the adipokines resistin and leptin, and metabolic proteins (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), insulin and glucagon) in TDP-43A315T mice compared to WT controls. Our results indicate alterations in leptin signaling in the spinal cord and the hypothalamus on the backdrop of TDP-43-induced deficits in mice, providing new evidence about the pathways that could link leptin signaling to ALS.
Collapse
|
42
|
Nutrition and cellular senescence in obesity-related disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108861. [PMID: 34517097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is vital for immune homeostasis. However, the incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide due to the adoption of the Western diet and a sedentary lifestyle. Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation which alters the function of adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and the nervous system. Inflammation is related to cellular senescence, distinguished by irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells secrete the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which contains pro-inflammatory factors. Targeting processes in senescence might have a salutary approach to obesity. The present review highlights the impact of an unhealthy diet on tissues affected by obesity, and the mechanisms that promote the consequent inflammation and senescence.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao L, Sun J, Wang K, Tai S, Hua R, Yu Y, Fan Y, Huang J. Development of a New Recurrence-Free Survival Prediction Nomogram for Patients with Primary Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Based on Preoperative Controlling Nutritional Status Score. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6473-6487. [PMID: 34429654 PMCID: PMC8379392 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s323844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is the second most prevalent neoplasm in the urogenital system in terms of morbidity and mortality, and there is an urgent need for a more accurate assessment of individual prognosis in patients with primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is an emerging biomarker score which has been confirmed to have prognostic value in various malignant tumors. The study attempted to systematically identify the prognostic role of preoperative CONUT score on posttreatment recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with NMIBC, and determine the predictive value and feasibility of the new prognostic prediction model. Methods A total of 94 patients with NMIBC were analyzed retrospectively between January 2011 and December 2015. Statistical analysis was conducted using the nonparametric method. The Kaplan-–Meier method was used to assess recurrence-free survival (RFS), and Log rank tests was used to analyze the equivalences of survival curves. We used univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model to identify important predictors of RFS. Discrimination of nomogram was measured by the concordance index. Predictive accuracy of the model was evaluated using the internal validation. Results In univariate analysis, age, history of smoking, pathological T stage, tumor grade, tumor size, and CONUT score were significantly correlated with RFS. Multivariate analysis indicated that CONUT score (HR =3.855, 95% CI 1.242–11.970, p=0.020) was an independent predictor of RFS in patients with NMIBC. Based on significant parameters in multivariate analysis and reliable recurrence predictors determined in predictive models and relevant guidelines, a new age-, history of smoking-, pathologic factors- and the CONUT score-based scoring model was developed to predict recurrence of NMBIC. In addition, we internally validated the nomogram using the consistency index and calibration plots, which demonstrated that the model has high prediction accuracy (c-index= 0.851). Conclusion The development of a new nomogram based on CONUT score could increase the accuracy of recurrence prediction and improve individualized treatment plans for patients with NMIBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengcheng Tai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Runmiao Hua
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufu Yu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaguo Huang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dailey-Chwalibóg T, Freemark M, Muehlbauer M, Roberfroid D, Kemokai IA, Mostak MR, Alim MA, Khan MMST, Khan MAH, Bawo L, Dunbar NK, Taylor CH, Fouillet H, Huneau JF, Kolsteren P, Guesdon B. Clinical and Biochemical Markers of Risk in Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-027003. [PMID: 34021063 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-027003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Use of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as a single screening tool for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) assumes that children with a low weight-for-height z score (WHZ) and normal MUAC have lower risks of morbidity and mortality. However, the pathophysiology and functional severity associated with different anthropometric phenotypes of SAM have never been well characterized. We compared clinical characteristics, biochemical features, and health and nutrition histories of nonedematous children with SAM who had (1) low WHZ only, (2) both low WHZ and low MUAC, or (3) low MUAC only. METHODS In Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, and Liberia, we conducted a multicentric cohort study in uncomplicated, nonedematous children with SAM and low MUAC only (n = 161), low WHZ only (n = 138), or a combination of low MUAC and low WHZ (n = 152). Alongside routine anthropometric measurements, we collected a wide range of critical indicators of clinical and nutritional status and viability; these included serum leptin, an adipocytokine negatively associated with mortality risk in SAM. RESULTS Median leptin levels at diagnosis were lower in children with low WHZ only (215.8 pg/mL; P < .001) and in those with combined WHZ and MUAC deficits (180.1 pg/mL; P < .001) than in children with low MUAC only (331.50 pg/mL). The same pattern emerged on a wide range of clinical indicators, including signs of severe wasting, dehydration, serum ferritin levels, and caretaker-reported health deterioration, and was replicated across study sites. CONCLUSIONS Illustrative of the likely heterogeneous functional severity of the different anthropometric phenotypes of SAM, our results confirm the need to retain low WHZ as an independent diagnostic criterion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg
- Department of Expertise and Advocacy, Action Contre la Faim, Paris, France; .,Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France.,Department of Food Technology, Safety, and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Freemark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dominique Roberfroid
- Department of Food Technology, Safety, and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre, Brussels, Belgium.,Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Md Rayhan Mostak
- Action Contre la Faim, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- National Nutrition Service, Institute of Public Health Nutrition, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Luke Bawo
- Ministry of Health, Monrovia, Liberia; and
| | | | - Curtis H Taylor
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Helene Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Technology, Safety, and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Guesdon
- Department of Expertise and Advocacy, Action Contre la Faim, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Leptin Deficiency, Caused by Malnutrition, Makes You Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection but Could Offer Protection from Severe COVID-19. mSphere 2021; 6:6/3/e00031-21. [PMID: 33980671 PMCID: PMC8125045 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00031-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In much of the developing world, severe malnutrition is the most prevalent cause of immunodeficiency and affects up to 50% of the population in some impoverished communities. As yet, we do not know how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will behave in populations with immunodeficiency caused by malnourishment. In much of the developing world, severe malnutrition is the most prevalent cause of immunodeficiency and affects up to 50% of the population in some impoverished communities. As yet, we do not know how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will behave in populations with immunodeficiency caused by malnourishment. Interestingly, researchers are now speculating that, in some instances, a defective cellular immune system could paradoxically be a protective factor against severe disease in certain patients contracting SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. This could be linked to the absence of T-cell activation. Based on available information presented here, it is plausible that the hyperimmune response, and subsequent cytokine storm often associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), could be “counteracted” by the defective immune response seen in individuals with malnutrition-induced leptin deficiency. In this paper, we proposed a theory that although those with malnutrition-linked leptin deficiency are at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, they are at lower risk of developing severe COVID-19.
Collapse
|
46
|
Golden TN, Simmons RA. Immune dysfunction in developmental programming of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:235-245. [PMID: 33526907 PMCID: PMC7969450 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common complication of pregnancy and increases the risk of the offspring developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life. Alterations in the immune system are implicated in the pathogenesis of IUGR-induced T2DM. The development of the fetal immune system is a delicate balance as it must remain tolerant of maternal antigens whilst also preparing for the post-birth environment. In addition, the fetal immune system is susceptible to an altered intrauterine milieu caused by maternal and placental inflammatory mediators or secondary to nutrient and oxygen deprivation. Pancreatic-resident macrophages populate the pancreas during fetal development, and their phenotype is dynamic through the neonatal period. Furthermore, macrophages in the islets are instrumental in islet development as they influence β-cell proliferation and islet neogenesis. In addition, cytokines, derived from β-cells and macrophages, are important to islet homeostasis in the fetus and adult and, when perturbed, can cause islet dysfunction. Several activated immune pathways have been identified in the islets of people who experienced IUGR, with alternations in the levels of IL-1β and IL-4 as well as changes in TGFβ signalling. Leptin levels are also altered. Immunomodulation has shown therapeutic benefit in T2DM and might be particularly useful in IUGR-induced T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thea N Golden
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
De Angulo A, Travis P, Galvan GC, Jolly C, deGraffenried L. Obesity-Modified CD4+ T-Cells Promote an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype in Prostate Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:650-659. [PMID: 33715540 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1898649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. Evidence shows that chronic inflammation inhibits protective immunity mediated by CD4+ T cells. Additionally, obesity-induced inflammation affects prostate cancer progression. However, the effect of obesity on CD4+ T-cell- response to prostate cancer is not well understood. To investigate whether obesity induces changes in CD4+ T cell cytokine profile, cytokine expression was measured in splenic CD4+ T-cells from 10-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice exposed to conditioned media (CM) from macrophages grown in sera from obese subjects. Additionally, expression levels of key regulators of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) were measure in prostate cancer epithelial cells exposed to conditioned media from obesity-modified T-cells. Cell migration and invasion was measured in prostate cancer epithelial cells exposed to CM from obesity-modified CD4+ T-cells. Obesity suppressed the expression of IFNγ and IL-2 in CD4+ T-cells but up-regulated the expression of IL-6. Prostate epithelial cancer cells exposed to conditioned media from obesity-modified T cell increased the expression of EMT markers and showed a higher invasive and migratory capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra De Angulo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Peyton Travis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Gloria Cecilia Galvan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Jolly
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Linda deGraffenried
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rad S. M. AH, Halpin JC, Mollaei M, Smith Bell SWJ, Hirankarn N, McLellan AD. Metabolic and Mitochondrial Functioning in Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1229. [PMID: 33799768 PMCID: PMC8002030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized adoptive cell therapy with impressive therapeutic outcomes of >80% complete remission (CR) rates in some haematological malignancies. Despite this, CAR T cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumours has invariably been unsuccessful in the clinic. Immunosuppressive factors and metabolic stresses in the tumour microenvironment (TME) result in the dysfunction and exhaustion of CAR T cells. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the importance of the mitochondrial and metabolic state of CAR T cells prior to infusion into patients. The different T cell subtypes utilise distinct metabolic pathways to fulfil their energy demands associated with their function. The reprogramming of CAR T cell metabolism is a viable approach to manufacture CAR T cells with superior antitumour functions and increased longevity, whilst also facilitating their adaptation to the nutrient restricted TME. This review discusses the mitochondrial and metabolic state of T cells, and describes the potential of the latest metabolic interventions to maximise CAR T cell efficacy for solid tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosseini Rad S. M.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Joshua Colin Halpin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
| | - Mojtaba Mollaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran;
| | - Samuel W. J. Smith Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Alexander D. McLellan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Baldessari C, Guaitoli G, Valoriani F, Bonacini R, Marcheselli R, Reverberi L, Pecchi A, Menozzi R, Torricelli P, Bertolini F, Barbieri F, Dominici M. Impact of body composition, nutritional and inflammatory status on outcome of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:64-75. [PMID: 34024567 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Body composition and balance of nutritional and inflammatory status are important for the immune system. Alterations of these aspects may impact on response, outcome and toxicities of immunotherapy. In this review we try to clarify some definitions and tools used for the assessment of the different aspects of nutritional disorders, body composition and inflammatory status with a focus on lung cancer. METHODS We primary investigate the definitions of malnutrition, cachexia, sarcopenia and overweight. Secondary, tools used to measure body composition, nutritional and inflammatory status, mainly in lung cancer are reviewed. RESULTS All these features, in the time of precision medicine may improve assessment and selection of patients, incorporating also early palliative care in standard therapy. CONCLUSIONS A multimodal approach based on nutrition assessment and physical exercise should be evaluated to improve aspects of the immune response against cancer and to propose the best treatment to every patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Baldessari
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Modena, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Guaitoli
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Valoriani
- Unit of Metabolic Disorder and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Specialist Medicines, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bonacini
- Department of Radiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Modena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Marcheselli
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Linda Reverberi
- Unit of Metabolic Disorder and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Specialist Medicines, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Modena, Italy
| | - Annarita Pecchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Modena, Italy
| | - Renata Menozzi
- Unit of Metabolic Disorder and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Specialist Medicines, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Modena, Italy
| | - Pietro Torricelli
- Department of Radiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Bertolini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Modena, Italy
| | - Fausto Barbieri
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria of Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kiernan K, MacIver NJ. The Role of the Adipokine Leptin in Immune Cell Function in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622468. [PMID: 33584724 PMCID: PMC7878386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a critical mediator of the immune response to changes in overall nutrition. Leptin is produced by adipocytes in proportion to adipose tissue mass and is therefore increased in obesity. Despite having a well-described role in regulating systemic metabolism and appetite, leptin displays pleiotropic actions, and it is now clear that leptin has a key role in influencing immune cell function. Indeed, many immune cells have been shown to respond to leptin directly via the leptin receptor, resulting in a largely pro-inflammatory phenotype. Understanding the role of adipose-tissue derived mediators in inflammation is critical to determining the pathophysiology of multiple obesity-associated diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, autoimmune disease, and infection. This review, therefore, focuses on the latest data regarding the role of leptin in modulating inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Kiernan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nancie J. MacIver
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|