1
|
Gilbert JA, Hartmann EM. The indoors microbiome and human health. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01077-3. [PMID: 39030408 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Indoor environments serve as habitat for humans and are replete with various reservoirs and niches for microorganisms. Microorganisms enter indoor spaces with their human and non-human hosts, as well as via exchange with outdoor sources, such as ventilation and plumbing. Once inside, many microorganisms do not survive, especially on dry, barren surfaces. Even reduced, this microbial biomass has critical implications for the health of human occupants. As urbanization escalates, exploring the intersection of the indoor environment with the human microbiome and health is increasingly vital. The indoor microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms influenced by human activities and environmental factors, plays a pivotal role in modulating infectious diseases and fostering healthy immune development. Recent advancements in microbiome research shed light on this unique ecological system, highlighting the need for innovative approaches in creating health-promoting living spaces. In this Review, we explore the microbial ecology of built environments - places where humans spend most of their lives - and its implications for immune, endocrine and neurological health. We further propose strategies to harness the indoor microbiome for better health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Erica M Hartmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kan LLY, Li P, Hon SSM, Lai AYT, Li A, Wong KCY, Huang D, Wong CK. Deciphering the Interplay between the Epithelial Barrier, Immune Cells, and Metabolic Mediators in Allergic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6913. [PMID: 39000023 PMCID: PMC11241838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to harmful pollutants, chemicals, and pathogens from the environment can lead to pathological changes in the epithelial barrier, which increase the risk of developing an allergy. During allergic inflammation, epithelial cells send proinflammatory signals to group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2s) and eosinophils, which require energy and resources to mediate their activation, cytokine/chemokine secretion, and mobilization of other cells. This review aims to provide an overview of the metabolic regulation in allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergic rhinitis (AR), highlighting its underlying mechanisms and phenotypes, and the potential metabolic regulatory roles of eosinophils and ILC2s. Eosinophils and ILC2s regulate allergic inflammation through lipid mediators, particularly cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic acid (AA)-derived metabolites and Sphinosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are significant metabolic markers that indicate immune dysfunction and epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergy. Notably, eosinophils are promoters of allergic symptoms and exhibit greater metabolic plasticity compared to ILC2s, directly involved in promoting allergic symptoms. Our findings suggest that metabolomic analysis provides insights into the complex interactions between immune cells, epithelial cells, and environmental factors. Potential therapeutic targets have been highlighted to further understand the metabolic regulation of eosinophils and ILC2s in allergy. Future research in metabolomics can facilitate the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics for future application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Ling-Yu Kan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiting Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharon Sze-Man Hon
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrea Yin-Tung Lai
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aixuan Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Katie Ching-Yau Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danqi Huang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brownell J, Lee KE, Chasman D, Gangnon R, Bendixsen CG, Barnes K, Grindle K, Pappas T, Bochkov YA, Dresen A, Hou C, Haslam DB, Seroogy CM, Ong IM, Gern JE. Farm animal exposure, respiratory illnesses, and nasal cell gene expression. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1647-1654. [PMID: 38309597 PMCID: PMC11162314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farm exposures in early life reduce the risks for childhood allergic diseases and asthma. There is less information about how farm exposures relate to respiratory illnesses and mucosal immune development. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that children raised in farm environments have a lower incidence of respiratory illnesses over the first 2 years of life than nonfarm children. We also analyzed whether farm exposures or respiratory illnesses were related to patterns of nasal cell gene expression. METHODS The Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort included farm (n = 156) and nonfarm (n = 155) families with children followed to age 2 years. Parents reported prenatal farm and other environmental exposures. Illness frequency and severity were assessed using illness diaries and periodic surveys. Nasopharyngeal cell gene expression in a subset of 64 children at age 2 years was compared to farm exposure and respiratory illness history. RESULTS Farm versus nonfarm children had nominally lower rates of respiratory illnesses (rate ratio 0.82 [95% CI, 0.69, 0.97]) with a stepwise reduction in illness rates in children exposed to 0, 1, or ≥2 animal species, but these trends were nonsignificant in a multivariable model. Farm exposures and preceding respiratory illnesses were positively related to nasal cell gene signatures for mononuclear cells and innate and antimicrobial responses. CONCLUSIONS Maternal and infant exposure to farms and farm animals was associated with nonsignificant trends for reduced respiratory illnesses. Nasal cell gene expression in a subset of children suggests that farm exposures and respiratory illnesses in early life are associated with distinct patterns of mucosal immune expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Brownell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Kristine E Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Deborah Chasman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Ronald Gangnon
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Casper G Bendixsen
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Katherine Barnes
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Kristine Grindle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Tressa Pappas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Amy Dresen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Christine Hou
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - David B Haslam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Irene M Ong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Möbs C, Jung AL. Extracellular vesicles: Messengers of allergic immune responses and novel therapeutic strategy. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350392. [PMID: 38361213 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles released by nearly every cell type across all kingdoms of life. As a result, EVs are ubiquitously present in various human body fluids. Composed of a lipid bilayer, EVs encapsulate proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, thus playing a crucial role in immunity, for example, by enabling intercellular communication. More recently, there has been increasing evidence that EVs can also act as key regulators of allergic immune responses. Their ability to facilitate cell-to-cell contact and to transport a variety of different biomolecules enables active modulation of both innate and adaptive immune processes associated with allergic reactions. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying the interactions among allergens, immune cells, and EVs is imperative to develop innovative strategies for controlling allergic responses. This review highlights the recent roles of host cell- and bacteria-derived EVs in allergic diseases, presenting experimental and clinical evidence that underscores their significance. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of EVs in allergy management is outlined, along with the challenges associated with targeted delivery and cargo stability for clinical use. Optimization of EV composition and targeting strategies holds promise for advancing translational applications and establishing EVs as biomarkers or safe therapeutics for assessing allergic reactions. For these reasons, EVs represent a promising avenue for advancing both our understanding and management of allergic immune processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Jung
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry - Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Groot J, Keller A, Sigsgaard T, Loft S, Nybo Andersen AM. Residential exposure to mold, dampness, and indoor air pollution and risk of respiratory tract infections: a study among children ages 11 and 12 in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:299-311. [PMID: 38393605 PMCID: PMC10994992 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-024-01101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is high in childhood. Several residential exposures may affect relative rates. OBJECTIVES To determine risk of RTIs in children ages 11 and 12 by residential exposures. METHODS We included children in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) at ages 11 and 12. We estimated incidence risk ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for counts of RTIs within the last year by exposure to mold/dampness, gas stove usage, summer and winter candle-burning, fireplace usage, cats and dogs indoors, and farmhouse living. We also estimated IRR and 95% CI for RTIs for predicted scores of four extracted factors ('owned house', 'mold and dampness', 'candles', and 'density') from exploratory factor analyses (EFA). RESULTS We included 42 720 children with complete data. Mold/dampness was associated with all RTIs (common cold: IRRadj 1.09[1.07, 1.12]; influenza: IRRadj 1.10 [1.05, 1.15]; tonsillitis: IRRadj 1.19 [1.10, 1.28]; conjunctivitis: IRRadj 1.16 [1.02, 1.32]; and doctor-diagnosed pneumonia: IRRadj 1.05 [0.90, 1.21]), as was the EFA factor 'mold/dampness' for several outcomes. Gas stove usage was associated with conjunctivitis (IRRadj 1.25 [1.05, 1.49]) and with doctor-diagnosed pneumonia (IRRadj 1.14 [0.93, 1.39]). Candle-burning during summer, but not winter, was associated with several RTIs, for tonsillitis in a dose-dependent fashion (increasing weekly frequencies vs. none: [IRRadj 1.06 [0.98, 1.14], IRRadj 1.16 [1.04, 1.30], IRRadj 1.23 [1.06, 1.43], IRRadj 1.29 [1.00, 1.67], and IRRadj 1.41 [1.12, 1.78]). CONCLUSION Residential exposures, in particular to mold and dampness and to a lesser degree to indoor combustion sources, are related to the occurrence of RTIs in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Groot
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Amélie Keller
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Environment, Work and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martín-Cruz L, Benito-Villalvilla C, Sirvent S, Angelina A, Palomares O. The Role of Regulatory T Cells in Allergic Diseases: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum (CIA) Update 2024. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:503-518. [PMID: 38408438 DOI: 10.1159/000536335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy represents a major health problem of increasing prevalence worldwide with a high socioeconomic impact. Our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying allergic diseases and their treatments has significantly improved over the last years. The generation of allergen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) is crucial in the induction of healthy immune responses to allergens, preventing the development and worsening of allergic diseases. SUMMARY In the last decades, intensive research has focused on the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in Treg development and Treg-mediated suppression. These mechanisms are essential for the induction of sustained tolerance by allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) after treatment discontinuation. Compelling experimental evidence demonstrated altered suppressive capacity of Tregs in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, or atopic dermatitis, as well as the restoration of their numbers and functionality after successful AIT. KEY MESSAGE The better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in Treg generation during allergen tolerance induction might well contribute to the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Martín-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Sirvent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cuthbertson L, Löber U, Ish-Horowicz JS, McBrien CN, Churchward C, Parker JC, Olanipekun MT, Burke C, McGowan A, Davies GA, Lewis KE, Hopkin JM, Chung KF, O'Carroll O, Faul J, Creaser-Thomas J, Andrews M, Ghosal R, Piatek S, Willis-Owen SAG, Bartolomaeus TUP, Birkner T, Dwyer S, Kumar N, Turek EM, William Musk A, Hui J, Hunter M, James A, Dumas ME, Filippi S, Cox MJ, Lawley TD, Forslund SK, Moffatt MF, Cookson WOC. Genomic attributes of airway commensal bacteria and mucosa. Commun Biol 2024; 7:171. [PMID: 38347162 PMCID: PMC10861553 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities at the airway mucosal barrier are conserved and highly ordered, in likelihood reflecting co-evolution with human host factors. Freed of selection to digest nutrients, the airway microbiome underpins cognate management of mucosal immunity and pathogen resistance. We show here the initial results of systematic culture and whole-genome sequencing of the thoracic airway bacteria, identifying 52 novel species amongst 126 organisms that constitute 75% of commensals typically present in heathy individuals. Clinically relevant genes encode antimicrobial synthesis, adhesion and biofilm formation, immune modulation, iron utilisation, nitrous oxide (NO) metabolism and sphingolipid signalling. Using whole-genome content we identify dysbiotic features that may influence asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We match isolate gene content to transcripts and metabolites expressed late in airway epithelial differentiation, identifying pathways to sustain host interactions with microbiota. Our results provide a systematic basis for decrypting interactions between commensals, pathogens, and mucosa in lung diseases of global significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cuthbertson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ulrike Löber
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, 10785, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan S Ish-Horowicz
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claire N McBrien
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Colin Churchward
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy C Parker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Conor Burke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling McGowan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gwyneth A Davies
- Population Data Science and Health Data Research UK BREATHE Hub, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Keir E Lewis
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Hywel Dda University Health Board, Llanelli, UK
| | - Julian M Hopkin
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Orla O'Carroll
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Faul
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joy Creaser-Thomas
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Mark Andrews
- Respiratory Medicine, Hywel Dda University Health Board, Llanelli, UK
| | - Robin Ghosal
- Respiratory Medicine, Hywel Dda University Health Board, Llanelli, UK
| | - Stefan Piatek
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Theda U P Bartolomaeus
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, 10785, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Birkner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Dwyer
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Elena M Turek
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A William Musk
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Hunter
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alan James
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- U1283 INSERM / UMR8199 CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, University of Lille, Lille, France
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Filippi
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Cox
- University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, 150183, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, Birmingham, UK
| | - Trevor D Lawley
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, 10785, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bácsi A, Ágics B, Pázmándi K, Kocsis B, Sándor V, Bertók L, Bruckner G, Sipka S. Radiation-Detoxified Form of Endotoxin Effectively Activates Th 1 Responses and Attenuates Ragweed-Induced Th 2-Type Airway Inflammation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1581. [PMID: 38338861 PMCID: PMC10855154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Urbanization with reduced microbial exposure is associated with an increased burden of asthma and atopic symptoms. Conversely, environmental exposure to endotoxins in childhood can protect against the development of allergies. Our study aimed to investigate whether the renaturation of the indoor environment with aerosolized radiation-detoxified lipopolysaccharide (RD-LPS) has a preventative effect against the development of ragweed-induced Th2-type airway inflammation. To explore this, cages of six-week-old BALB/c mice were treated daily with aerosolized native LPS (N-LPS) or RD-LPS. After a 10-week treatment period, mice were sensitized and challenged with ragweed pollen extract, and inflammatory cell infiltration into the airways was observed. As dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the polarization of T-cell responses, in our in vitro experiments, the effects of N-LPS and RD-LPS were compared on human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). Mice in RD-LPS-rich milieu developed significantly less allergic airway inflammation than mice in N-LPS-rich or common environments. The results of our in vitro experiments demonstrate that RD-LPS-exposed moDCs have a higher Th1-polarizing capacity than moDCs exposed to N-LPS. Consequently, we suppose that the aerosolized, non-toxic RD-LPS applied in early life for the renaturation of urban indoors may be suitable for the prevention of Th2-mediated allergies in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.B.); (B.Á.); (K.P.)
| | - Beatrix Ágics
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.B.); (B.Á.); (K.P.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.B.); (B.Á.); (K.P.)
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Viktor Sándor
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Lóránd Bertók
- National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Geza Bruckner
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Sándor Sipka
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Järvinen KM, Jain N, Munblit D, van Neerven RJJ. Editorial: Allergic sensitization in infants. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1339678. [PMID: 38111749 PMCID: PMC10726116 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1339678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi M. Järvinen
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Nitya Jain
- Department of PediatricsMass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Munblit
- Division of Care in Long Term Conditions, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Täubel M, Jalanka J, Kirjavainen PV, Tuoresmäki P, Hyvärinen A, Skevaki C, Piippo-Savolainen E, Pekkanen J, Karvonen AM. Fungi in Early-Life House Dust Samples and the Development of Asthma: A Birth Cohort Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:1456-1464. [PMID: 37535826 PMCID: PMC10559140 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202303-187oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Fungal exposure has been associated with predisposing and protective effects on the development of childhood asthma. Objectives: To study whether early-life house dust mycobiota composition is associated with the development of asthma. Methods: Mycobiota were determined by amplicon sequencing from 382 dust samples collected from living room floors 2 months after birth in homes of the LUKAS cohort. Asthma status by 10.5 years of age was defined from questionnaires and assigned as ever asthma (n = 68) or current asthma (n = 27). Inhalant atopy was clinically determined at the same age. β-composition was analyzed using PERMANOVA-S, and asthma and atopy analyses were performed using discrete time hazard models and logistic regression, respectively. Results: The house dust mycobiota composition based on Bray-Curtis distance was different in the homes of children who later did or did not develop asthma. The first and the fourth axes scores of principal coordinates analysis based on Bray-Curtis were associated with ever asthma. Of the genera with the strongest correlation with these axes, the relative abundance of Boeremia, Cladosporium, Microdochium, Mycosphaerella, and Pyrenochaetopsis showed protective associations with asthma. None of these associations remained significant after mutual adjustment among the five genera or when mutually adjusted for other microbial cell wall markers and previously identified asthma-protective bacterial indices. Neither fungal α-diversity nor load was associated with asthma in the whole population, but higher fungal richness was a risk factor among children on farms. Higher fungal loads (measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction) in house dust were associated with the risk of inhalant atopy. Conclusions: The results of our analyses from this well-characterized birth cohort suggest that the early-life house dust mycobiota in Finnish homes, characterized via DNA amplicon sequencing, do not have strong predisposing or protective effects on asthma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Täubel
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonna Jalanka
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V. Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pauli Tuoresmäki
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Hyvärinen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M. Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Steininger H, Moltzau-Anderson J, Lynch SV. Contributions of the early-life microbiome to childhood atopy and asthma development. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101795. [PMID: 37379671 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid rise in atopy and asthma in industrialized nations has led to the identification of early life environmental factors that promote these conditions and spurred research into how such exposures may mediate the trajectory to childhood disease development. Over the past decade, the human microbiome has emerged as a key determinant of human health. This is largely due to the increasing appreciation for the myriad of non-mutually exclusive mechanisms by which microbes tune and train host immunity. Microbiomes, particularly those in early life, are shaped by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, including many of the exposures known to influence allergy and asthma risk. This has led to the over-arching hypothesis that such exposures mediate their effect on childhood atopy and asthma by altering the functions and metabolic productivity of microbiomes that shape immune function during this critical developmental period. The capacity to study microbiomes at the genetic and molecular level in humans from the pre-natal period into childhood with well-defined clinical outcomes, offers an unprecedented opportunity to identify early-life and inter-generational determinants of atopy and asthma outcomes. Moreover, such studies provide an integrative microbiome research framework that can be applied to other chronic inflammatory conditions. This review attempts to capture key studies in the field that offer insights into the developmental origins of childhood atopy and asthma, providing novel insights into microbial mediators of maladaptive immunity and chronic inflammatory disease in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Steininger
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jacqueline Moltzau-Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martikainen MV, Huttunen K, Tossavainen T, Nordberg ME, Roponen M. Cattle farm dust alters cytokine levels in human airway construct model. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 88:105559. [PMID: 36681285 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed some alterations in systemic immunity that associate with farm exposure and the risk of respiratory diseases, but in vitro studies focusing on immunological responses in the airways are scarce. Our aim was to assess how cowshed dust affects the integrity and inflammation of human airway tissue in vitro. Cowshed dust samples were collected from four different dairy farms. Lung tissue constructs were exposed to dust samples in air-liquid interface. Transepithelial resistance of the tissue, secreted proteins, and a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines were analysed. Cowshed dust stimulation was associated mainly with increased production of IL-13, IL-15, IP-10 and IFN-γ. Some differences between farms were seen. Only one farm dust sample induced a significant change in transepithelial resistance, whereas dust from two of the farms induced the secretion of proteins. The exposure to cowshed dust affected protein and cytokine secretion, but the response profiles were not uniform between farms. The effect on tight junction dynamics was less pronounced, suggesting the relevance of soluble factors in induced responses in the airways. Our results indicate that in addition to farm type, the contribution of cowshed characteristics to dust composition and its immunomodulatory properties should be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Viola Martikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kati Huttunen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarleena Tossavainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria-Elisa Nordberg
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cooper PJ, Figueiredo CA, Rodriguez A, Dos Santos LM, Ribeiro-Silva RC, Carneiro VL, Costa G, Magalhães T, Dos Santos de Jesus T, Rios R, da Silva HBF, Costa R, Chico ME, Vaca M, Alcantara-Neves N, Rodrigues LC, Cruz AA, Barreto ML. Understanding and controlling asthma in Latin America: A review of recent research informed by the SCAALA programme. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12232. [PMID: 36973960 PMCID: PMC10041090 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an important health concern in Latin America (LA) where it is associated with variable prevalence and disease burden between countries. High prevalence and morbidity have been observed in some regions, particularly marginalized urban populations. Research over the past 10 years from LA has shown that childhood disease is primarily non-atopic. The attenuation of atopy may be explained by enhanced immune regulation induced by intense exposures to environmental factors such as childhood infections and poor environmental conditions of the urban poor. Non-atopic symptoms are associated with environmental and lifestyle factors including poor living conditions, respiratory infections, psychosocial stress, obesity, and a diet of highly processed foods. Ancestry (particularly African) and genetic factors increase asthma risk, and some of these factors may be specific to LA settings. Asthma in LA tends to be poorly controlled and depends on access to health care and medications. There is a need to improve management and access to medication through primary health care. Future research should consider the heterogeneity of asthma to identify relevant endotypes and underlying causes. The outcome of such research will need to focus on implementable strategies relevant to populations living in resource-poor settings where the disease burden is greatest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Cooper
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Camila A Figueiredo
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo Costa
- Center for Data Knowledge and Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thiago Magalhães
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Raimon Rios
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Ryan Costa
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Martha E Chico
- Fundacion Ecuatoriana para la Investigacion en Salud (FEPIS), Esmeraldas, Ecuador
| | - Maritza Vaca
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Fundacion Ecuatoriana para la Investigacion en Salud (FEPIS), Esmeraldas, Ecuador
| | | | - Laura C Rodrigues
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alvaro A Cruz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia and Fundação ProAR, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mauricio L Barreto
- Center for Data Knowledge and Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kantomaa MT, Tolvanen M, Halonen M, Svanes C, Järvelin MR, Sebert S. Influence of Farm Environment on Asthma during the Life Course: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study in Northern Finland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2128. [PMID: 36767494 PMCID: PMC9916010 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of a farming environment on asthma at three time points from birth to 46 years using the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 10,926). The prevalence of asthma was investigated by postal questionnaires at 14, 31 and 46 years of age. Exposure to a farming environment was assessed by a postal questionnaire at birth and at 31 and 46 years of age. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the prevalence of asthma were obtained from multinomial logistic regression, stratified by sex. Being born in a farmer family was potentially causally associated with lower risk of asthma in males at 31 years of age (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.37, 0.85) and in females at 46 years of age (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44, 0.95). Working as a farmer was not associated with asthma. Exposure to a farming environment in childhood may have a lifelong impact on developing asthma from birth through young adulthood and until middle age, indicating that 'immune deviation' may persist throughout life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko T. Kantomaa
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Miia Halonen
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Frei R, Heye K, Roduit C. Environmental influences on childhood allergies and asthma - The Farm effect. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13807. [PMID: 35754122 PMCID: PMC9327508 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and allergies are major health problems and exert an enormous socioeconomic burden. Besides genetic predisposition, environmental factors play a crucial role in the development of these diseases in childhood. Multiple worldwide epidemiological studies have shown that children growing up on farms are immune to allergic diseases and asthma. Farm-related exposures shape children's immune homeostasis, via mediators such as N-glycolylneuraminic acid or arabinogalactan, or by diverse environmental microbes. Moreover, nutritional factors, such as breastfeeding or farm milk and food diversity, inducing short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria in the intestine, contribute to farm-related effects. All farm-related exposures induce an anti-inflammatory response of the innate immunity and increase the differentiation of regulatory T cells and T helper cell type 1. A better understanding of the components of the farm environment, that are protective to the development of allergy and asthma, and their underlying mechanisms, will help to develop new strategies for the prevention of allergy and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remo Frei
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Heye
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Haahtela T. Biodiversity for resilience-What is needed for allergic children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13779. [PMID: 35616890 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
What is needed for our children facing unprecedented challenges of modern time? Biodiversity, both for immunological and psychological well-being and resilience. That is also the keyword for the children with allergies and asthma. The cultural evolution with advanced technology and medicine along with major move to urban environment has profoundly changed our lifestyle and surroundings. We are increasingly disconnected from our evolutionary home, soil, natural waters, and air we used to breathe. The ecosystem of human body and mind has been tested, survived, and evolved closely in relation with other ecosystems. For balance and tolerance, immune regulatory circuits need training by microbes, biogenic chemicals, and close relation to natural environment throughout life. This is addressed by the biodiversity hypothesis of tolerance/resilience for health, supported by the pioneering real-world interventions and a few controlled studies. No need to go "back to nature," but we must take natural elements back to our everyday life to breathe, eat, drink, and touch. The change for better is plausible and cost-effective, as shown by the Finnish and other European initiatives, but needs contribution of the whole society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hebbandi Nanjundappa R, Sokke Umeshappa C, Geuking MB. The impact of the gut microbiota on T cell ontogeny in the thymus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:221. [PMID: 35377005 PMCID: PMC11072498 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is critical for the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues, including Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, and is instrumental in educating the local as well as systemic immune system. In addition, it also impacts the development and function of peripheral organs, such as liver, lung, and the brain, in health and disease. However, whether and how the intestinal microbiota has an impact on T cell ontogeny in the hymus remains largely unclear. Recently, the impact of molecules and metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota on T cell ontogeny in the thymus has been investigated in more detail. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings in the emerging field of the gut-thymus axis and we will highlight the current questions and challenges in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Hebbandi Nanjundappa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wahn U, Lau S, Eigenmann P, Melen E, Krauss-Etschmann S, Lex C, Matricardi P, Schaub B, Halken S, Ege M, Jackson D, Hamelmann E, Szépfalusi Z, Garcia AN, von Mutius E. Early priming of asthma and respiratory allergies: Future aspects of prevention: A statement by the European Forum for Education and Research in Allergy and Airway Disease (EUFOREA) and the EAACI-Clemens von Pirquet Foundation. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13773. [PMID: 35470937 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to summarize recent research on the prevention of allergies-particularly asthma-and stimulate new activities for future initiatives, a virtual workshop sponsored by the EAACI Clemens von Pirquet foundation and EUFOREA was held in October 2021. The determinants of the "allergic march" as well as the key messages from intervention studies were reviewed by an international faculty of experts. Several unmet needs were identified, and a number of priorities for future studies were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wahn
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Lau
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Eigenmann
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Erik Melen
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södershjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian Alberts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christiane Lex
- Department for Paediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paolo Matricardi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's University Hospital, LMU Munich-Member of the German Center for Lung Research-DZL-LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Halken
- Hans Cristian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Markus Ege
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's University Hospital, LMU Munich-Member of the German Center for Lung Research-DZL-LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Center Bethel, University Medicine, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Zsolt Szépfalusi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Comprehensive Center Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio N Garcia
- Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario La Fe., Valencia, Spain
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's University Hospital, LMU Munich-Member of the German Center for Lung Research-DZL-LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guryanova SV, Gigani OB, Gudima GO, Kataeva AM, Kolesnikova NV. Dual Effect of Low-Molecular-Weight Bioregulators of Bacterial Origin in Experimental Model of Asthma. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:192. [PMID: 35207480 PMCID: PMC8879587 DOI: 10.3390/life12020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, affecting over 200 million people. A large number of drugs control asthma attacks, but there is no effective therapy. Identification of reasons for asthma and preventing this disease is a relevant task. The influence of bacterial components is necessary for the normal development of the immune system and the formation of an adequate immune response to antigens. In the absence of microorganisms or their insufficient exposure, the prerequisites are formed for excessive reactivity to harmless antigens. In the present study, we analyzed cellular and humoral factors in a standard mouse model of OVA-induced asthma modified by 5-fold intraperitoneal injection of bacterial cell wall fragments of glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP) 5 μg/animal or 1 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) per animal for 5 days before sensitization by ovalbumin (OVA). Preliminary administration of LPS or GMDP to animals significantly reduced goblet cells as well as the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage, wherein GMDP corrected neutrophilia to a 2-fold degree, and LPS reduced the severity of eosinophilia by 1.9 times. With OVA administration of GMDP or LPS at the sensitization stage, an increase in the total number of bronchoalveolar lavage cells due to neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils in relation to the group with asthma without GMDP or LPS was observed. The administration of GMDP or LPS to normal mice without asthma for 5 days had no statistically significant effect on the change in the number and population composition of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in comparison with the control group receiving PBS. As a result of a study in a mouse model of asthma, a dual effect of LPS and GMDP was established: the introduction of LPS or GMDP before sensitization reduces neutrophilia and eosinophilia, while the introduction of LPS or GMDP together with an allergen significantly increases neutrophilia and eosinophilia. The study of the immunoglobulin status shows that in normal-asthma mice, GMDP and LPS slightly increase IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage; at the same time, in the asthma model, injections of GMDP or LPS before sensitization contribute to a significant decrease in IgA (2.6 times and 2.1 times, respectively) in BALF and IgE (2.2 times and 2.0 times, respectively) in blood serum. In an experimental model of asthma, the effect of GMDP and LPS was multidirectional: when they are repeatedly administered before sensitization, the bacterial components significantly reduce the severity of the allergic process, while in the case of a joint injection with an allergen, they increase the influx of macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils into the lungs, which can aggravate the course of pathological process. Thus, the insufficient effect of antigens of a bacterial nature, in particular, with prolonged use of antibiotics can be compensated for by substances based on low-molecular-weight bioregulators of bacterial origin to establish the missing signals for innate immunity receptors, whose constant activation at a certain level is necessary to maintain homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Guryanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.G.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Olga B. Gigani
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.G.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Georgii O. Gudima
- National Research Center-Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasiya M. Kataeva
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.G.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Natalya V. Kolesnikova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Kuban State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 350063 Krasnodar, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|