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Moyano Salcedo AJ, Prat N, Bertrans-Tubau L, Piñero-Fernandez M, Cunillera-Montcusí D, López-Doval JC, Abril M, Proia L, Cañedo-Argüelles M. What happens when salinization meets eutrophication? A test using stream microcosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168824. [PMID: 38030007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient and salt pollution often co-occur in rivers and streams due to human activities (e.g., agriculture, urbanization). Thus, understanding the interactive effects of nutrients and salinity on freshwater ecosystems is critical for environmental management. We experimentally assessed the interactive effects of nutrient and salt pollution on stream microcosms using biofilm and macroinvertebrates as model systems. Six treatments were performed in triplicate: control (C: N-NH4+ = 0.05; P- PO43- = 0.037; Cl- = 33.5 mg L-1), intermediate nutrient (IN: N-NH4+ = 0.4; P- PO43- = 0.271; Cl- = 33. 5 mg L-1), high nutrient (HN: N-NH4+ = 0.84; P- PO43- = 0.80; Cl- = 33.5 mg L-1), salt (S: N-NH4+ = 0.05; P- PO43- = 0.037; Cl- = 3000 mg L-1), salt with intermediate nutrient (SIN: N-NH4+ = 0.4; P- PO43- = 0.27; Cl- = 3000 mg L-1) and salt with high nutrient (SHN: N-NH4+ = 0.84; P- PO43- = 0.80; Cl- = 3000 mg L-1). After 14 days of exposure, biofilm chlorophyll-a increased across all treatments, with cyanobacteria replacing diatoms and green algae. Treatments with no added nutrients (C and S) had more P uptake capacity than the rest. The indicator species analysis showed 8 significant taxa, with Orthocladius (Orthocladius) gr. Wetterensis and Virganytarsus significantly associated with the salinity treatment. Overall, salt pollution led to a very strong decline in macroinvertebrate richness and diversity. However, salt toxicity seemed to be ameliorated by nutrient addition. Finally, both structural equation models and biotic-abiotic interaction networks showed that complex biological interactions could be modulating the response of the biological communities to our treatments. Thus, our study calls for species-level assessments of salt and nutrient effects on river ecosystems and advocates for better management of co-occurring pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Javier Moyano Salcedo
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Geohazards and Civil Engineering Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Saint Thomas Villavicencio University, C/22 No 1a, 500003 Villavicencio, Colombia; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Narcís Prat
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Bertrans-Tubau
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Piñero-Fernandez
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Cunillera-Montcusí
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Julio C López-Doval
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Abril
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Proia
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Johns M, Deloe K, Beaty LE, Simpson AM, Nutile SA. Avoidance behavior of Hyalella azteca in response to three common-use insecticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140492. [PMID: 37865201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Non-target organisms in aquatic environments may experience lethal or sublethal effects following exposure to contaminants. Most protocols and regulations, however, are designed to provide protection from lethal effects and are thus based on conventional estimates of population lethality. The relative lack of reliable behavioral endpoints makes it challenging to implement regulations that are similarly protective against sublethal toxicity. The objective of this study was to quantify the avoidance behavior of Hyalella azteca when exposed to three insecticides-bifenthrin (B), chlorpyrifos (C), and permethrin (P)-at a range of estimated lethal concentrations. A two-choice behavioral arena was used for each chemical to quantify H. azteca activity and time spent in either uncontaminated sediment or sediment spiked at concentrations reflecting estimated 48-h lethal concentrations (LC50, LC25, and LC10). For all three insecticides, naïve H. azteca demonstrated a preference for the uncontaminated sediment over the contaminated sediment at the LC50 (B: 312 ng/gOC; C: 1265 ng/gOC; P: 5042 ng/gOC) and LC25 (B: 230 ng/gOC; C: 859 ng/gOC; P: 3817 ng/gOC), spending significantly more time in the uncontaminated side of the arena. H. azteca did not avoid sediment at LC10 (B: 204 ng/gOC; C: 609 ng/gOC; P: 1515 ng/gOC) levels, indicating the existence of a potential threshold of detection. Despite the lack of substrate preference at this exposure level, H. azteca were nevertheless more active (i.e., increased zone-switching) when exposed to bifenthrin at the LC10, suggesting a possible irritation response (e.g., movement after exposure) to this chemical. Our results provide evidence that H. azteca exhibit innate avoidance responses to sediments contaminated with common insecticides at concentrations below those represented by traditional toxicological endpoints (e.g., LC50). The sensitivity and ease with which this behavioral endpoint can be assayed demonstrates the potential utility of behavioral endpoints in toxicological assessments using model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Johns
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Kyle Deloe
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Lynne E Beaty
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Adam M Simpson
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Samuel A Nutile
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA.
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3
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Clance LR, Ziegler SL, Fodrie FJ. Contaminants disrupt aquatic food webs via decreased consumer efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160245. [PMID: 36403840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in consumer-resource dynamics due to environmental stressors can alter energy flows or key interactions within food webs, with potential for cascading effects at population, community, and ecosystem levels. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the direction and magnitude of changes in consumption rates following exposure of consumer-resource pairs within freshwater-brackish and marine systems to anthropogenic CO2, heavy metals, microplastics, oil, pesticides, or pharmaceuticals. Across all contaminants, exposure generally decreased consumption rates, likely due to reduced consumer mobility or search efficiency. These negative effects on consumers appeared to outweigh co-occurring reductions in prey vigilance or antipredator behaviors following contaminant exposure. Consumption was particularly dampened in freshwater-brackish systems, for consumers with sedentary prey, and for lower-trophic-level consumers. This synthesis indicates that energy flow up the food web, toward larger - often ecologically and economically prized - taxa may be dampened as aquatic contaminant loads increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Clance
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Shelby L Ziegler
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
| | - F Joel Fodrie
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
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4
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Mooney TJ, Harford AJ, Hanley J, Walker S, Sandgren M, Jansen A, Humphrey C. Seasonal responses of macroinvertebrate assemblages to magnesium in a seasonally flowing stream. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120586. [PMID: 36379293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Macroinvertebrates can be highly sensitive to elevated salinity in freshwater environments, and are known to respond to saline discharges. Magnesium (Mg) is a mine-related contaminant and is a potential environmental risk to a seasonally-flowing, receiving water stream in Kakadu National Park, located in the wet-dry tropics of Australia. The macroinvertebrate assemblage in the stream in the was characterised at four hydrographic phases, from early wet season flow to early dry season pools at flow cessation. On each of the four occasions representing the respective phases, individuals from the most abundant macroinvertebrate species present were collected and acutely exposed to a range (up to 19) of Mg concentrations under laboratory conditions. Sensitivity of taxa to Mg ranged between 39 mg/L Mg (Caenidae: Tasmanocoenis spp.) and 4400 mg/L Mg (Dytiscidae: Clypeodytes feryi), based on the 50% Lethal Concentration (LC50). Characterisation of the macroinvertebrate assemblage at each hydrographic phase indicated the seasons when Mg-sensitive species were present. Whilst no statistical differences in measures of seasonal sensitivity were found, the macroinvertebrate assemblages present during the early flow period had higher Mg-sensitivity than the assemblages present during other hydrographic phases. This could be attributed to the greater relative proportions of Mg-sensitive taxa (e.g. Ephemeroptera) present at early flow compared to greater relative proportions of more Mg-tolerant taxa (C. feryi and Hydacarina spp.) present during later hydrograph phases, especially periods of lower, or no, flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mooney
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Julie Hanley
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Samantha Walker
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Mia Sandgren
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Andrew Jansen
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Chris Humphrey
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Darwin, NT, Australia
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6
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Nederstigt TAP, Peijnenburg WJGM, Schrama M, van Ommen JR, Vijver MG. Impacts of a novel controlled-release TiO 2-coated (nano-) formulation of carbendazim and its constituents on freshwater macroinvertebrate communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156554. [PMID: 35691359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the delivery of pesticides through novel controlled-release (nano-)formulations has been proposed intending to reduce (incidental) pesticide translocation to non-target sites. Concerns have however been raised with regards to the potentially enhanced toxicity of controlled-release (nano-)formulations to non-target organisms and ecosystems. We evaluated long-term (i.e. 1 and 3 month-) impacts of a novel controlled-release pesticide formulation (nano-TiO2-coated carbendazim) and its individual and combined constituents (i.e. nano-sized TiO2 and carbendazim) on naturally established freshwater macroinvertebrate communities. In doing so, we simultaneously assessed impacts of nano-sized TiO2 (nTiO2), currently one of the most used and emitted engineered nanomaterials world-wide. We determined ecological impacts on diversity (i.e. β-diversity), structure (i.e. rank abundance parameters), and functional composition (i.e. feeding guilds & trophic groups) of communities and underlying effects at lower organizational levels (i.e. population dynamics of individual taxa). Freshwater macroinvertebrate communities were negligibly impacted by nTiO2 at environmentally realistic concentrations. The controlled-release (nano-)formulation significantly delayed release of carbendazim to the water column. Nevertheless, conventional- (i.e. un-coated-) and nTiO2-coated carbendazim induced a similar set of adverse impacts at all investigated levels of ecological organization and time points. Our findings show fundamental restructuring of the taxonomic- and functional composition of macroinvertebrate communities as a result of low-level pesticide exposure, and thereby highlight the need for mitigating measures to reduce pesticide-induced stress on freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A P Nederstigt
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Schrama
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Ruud van Ommen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, TU Delft Process & Product Technology Institute, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Pelletier TA, Stefaniak KR, Vigilante TE, Reavis D, Mekus A, Mohamed DA, Lau JK. Documenting Emerging Insects, Environmental DNA, and Metal Concentrations in a Small Appalachian Stream. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2022. [DOI: 10.1656/045.029.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Drew Reavis
- Department of Biology, Radford University, Radford, VA 24142
| | - Alex Mekus
- Department of Chemistry, Radford University, Radford, VA 24142
| | | | - Jamie K. Lau
- Department of Biology, Radford University, Radford, VA 24142
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Pirotta E, Thomas L, Costa DP, Hall AJ, Harris CM, Harwood J, Kraus SD, Miller PJO, Moore MJ, Photopoulou T, Rolland RM, Schwacke L, Simmons SE, Southall BL, Tyack PL. Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: A new perspective on a longstanding challenge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153322. [PMID: 35074373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife populations and their habitats are exposed to an expanding diversity and intensity of stressors caused by human activities, within the broader context of natural processes and increasing pressure from climate change. Estimating how these multiple stressors affect individuals, populations, and ecosystems is thus of growing importance. However, their combined effects often cannot be predicted reliably from the individual effects of each stressor, and we lack the mechanistic understanding and analytical tools to predict their joint outcomes. We review the science of multiple stressors and present a conceptual framework that captures and reconciles the variety of existing approaches for assessing combined effects. Specifically, we show that all approaches lie along a spectrum, reflecting increasing assumptions about the mechanisms that regulate the action of single stressors and their combined effects. An emphasis on mechanisms improves analytical precision and predictive power but could introduce bias if the underlying assumptions are incorrect. A purely empirical approach has less risk of bias but requires adequate data on the effects of the full range of anticipated combinations of stressor types and magnitudes. We illustrate how this spectrum can be formalised into specific analytical methods, using an example of North Atlantic right whales feeding on limited prey resources while simultaneously being affected by entanglement in fishing gear. In practice, case-specific management needs and data availability will guide the exploration of the stressor combinations of interest and the selection of a suitable trade-off between precision and bias. We argue that the primary goal for adaptive management should be to identify the most practical and effective ways to remove or reduce specific combinations of stressors, bringing the risk of adverse impacts on populations and ecosystems below acceptable thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Pirotta
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Len Thomas
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Ailsa J Hall
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Catriona M Harris
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - John Harwood
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Scott D Kraus
- Anderson-Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Patrick J O Miller
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Michael J Moore
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
| | - Theoni Photopoulou
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Rosalind M Rolland
- Anderson-Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lori Schwacke
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, Johns Island, SC, USA.
| | | | - Brandon L Southall
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Southall Environmental Associates, Inc., Aptos, CA, USA.
| | - Peter L Tyack
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
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9
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Fair H, Lanno R, Smiley PC. Tolerance of glacial-melt stoneflies (Plecoptera) and morphological responses of chloride cells to stream salinity. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133655. [PMID: 35051519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic insects within glacial-melt streams are adapted to low dissolved inorganic ion concentrations. Increases in ion concentrations in glacial-melt streams are predicted with increasing air temperatures, which may impact future aquatic insect survival in these streams. We hypothesized that stonefly (Plecoptera) naiads from glacial-melt streams acclimated to different conductivity would differ in survival, median lethal concentrations, and chloride cell responses to elevated conductivity above that expected in our study streams. We conducted field bioassays in remote glacial-melt streams in southwestern China in 2015 and exposed representative stonefly naiads (Chloroperlidae, Nemouridae, Taeniopterygidae) from stream sites differing in conductivity to experimental conductivity ranging from 11 to 20,486 μS/cm for up to 216 h. We examined survivorship, calculated 96-h median lethal concentrations, and measured chloride cell responses with scanning electron microscopy. Chloroperlidae survival after 120 and 216 h did not differ (P > 0.05) among conductivity treatments. The combined Nemouridae/Taeniopterygidae survival after 120 and 216 h was the least (P < 0.05) in conductivity treatments >16,349 μS/cm. Taeniopterygidae survival after 120 h was also the least (P < 0.05) in conductivity treatments >16,349 μS/cm. The 96-h median lethal concentrations did not differ (P > 0.05) between the combined Nemouridae/Taeniopterygidae group (2306 μS/cm) and Taeniopterigydae (2002 μS/cm) and were lower (P < 0.05) than the 96-h median lethal concentration for Chloroperlidae (8167 μS/cm). Chloroperlidae caviform cell number, density, and area decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing conductivity. Taeniopterygidae caviform cell count decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing conductivity, but cell density and area did not. Chloroperlidae and Taeniopterygidae coniform cell characteristics and Nemouridae bulbiform cell characteristics were not affected by conductivity. Our results suggest that Chloroperlidae, Nemouridae, and Taeniopterygidae from glacial-melt streams in China may be able to tolerate moderate increases in conductivity (i.e., 100 to 200 μS/cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fair
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Roman Lanno
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter C Smiley
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Soil Drainage Research Unit, Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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Experimental evidence for neonicotinoid driven decline in aquatic emerging insects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105692118. [PMID: 34697235 PMCID: PMC8612350 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105692118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Survey data show a large-scale decline in insects. This global decline is often linked to human actions in intensive agricultural areas. To investigate whether this decline has a causal relationship with neonicotinoid insecticides, we performed an outdoor experiment with representative surface water concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. We exposed naturally formed aquatic communities to increasing neonicotinoid concentrations and monitored insect emergence during a 3-mo period. We show that increasing neonicotinoid concentrations strongly decreased the abundance and biomass of five major insect orders that together comprised >99% of the 55,574 collected insects as well as the diversity of the most species-rich freshwater family, thus showing a causal relation between insect decline and neonicotinoids. There is an ongoing unprecedented loss in insects, both in terms of richness and biomass. The usage of pesticides, especially neonicotinoid insecticides, has been widely suggested to be a contributor to this decline. However, the risks of neonicotinoids to natural insect populations have remained largely unknown due to a lack of field-realistic experiments. Here, we used an outdoor experiment to determine effects of field-realistic concentrations of the commonly applied neonicotinoid thiacloprid on the emergence of naturally assembled aquatic insect populations. Following application, all major orders of emerging aquatic insects (Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, and Trichoptera) declined strongly in both abundance and biomass. At the highest concentration (10 µg/L), emergence of most orders was nearly absent. Diversity of the most species-rich family, Chironomidae, decreased by 50% at more commonly observed concentrations (1 µg/L) and was generally reduced to a single species at the highest concentration. Our experimental findings thereby showcase a causal link of neonicotinoids and the ongoing insect decline. Given the urgency of the insect decline, our results highlight the need to reconsider the mass usage of neonicotinoids to preserve freshwater insects as well as the life and services depending on them.
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11
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Janssens L, Verberk W, Stoks R. The pace-of life explains whether gills improve or exacerbate pesticide sensitivity in a damselfly larva. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 282:117019. [PMID: 33823312 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trait-based approaches are promising to make generalizations about the sensitivity of species and populations to pesticides. Two traits that may shape the sensitivity to pesticides are the surface area (related to pesticide uptake) and the metabolic rate (related to pesticide elimination). We compared the sensitivity of damselfly larvae to the pesticide chlorpyrifos and how this was modified by loss of external gills (autotomy, reducing the surface area) in both fast pace-of-life (high metabolic rate) and slow pace-of-life (low metabolic rate) populations of Ischnura elegans. The slow-paced populations were more sensitive to the pesticide than the fast-paced populations in terms of survival, growth and energy metabolism. This suggests the higher metabolic rate of fast-paced populations enabled a faster pesticide elimination. Pesticide exposure also reduced heat tolerance, especially in slow-paced larvae under hypoxia. Gill loss had opposite effects on pesticide sensitivity in slow- and fast-paced populations. In slow-paced larvae, gill loss lowered the sensitivity to the pesticide, while in fast-paced larvae, gill loss increased the sensitivity. This difference likely reflects the balance between the roles of the gills in pesticide uptake (more detrimental in slow-paced populations) and oxygen uptake (more important in fast-paced populations). Our results highlight the need to consider trait interactions when applying trait-based approaches to predict the sensitivity to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wilco Verberk
- Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Koch A, Jonsson M, Yeung LWY, Kärrman A, Ahrens L, Ekblad A, Wang T. Quantification of Biodriven Transfer of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from the Aquatic to the Terrestrial Environment via Emergent Insects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7900-7909. [PMID: 34029071 PMCID: PMC8277127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Emergent aquatic insects are important food subsidies to riparian food webs but can also transfer waterborne contaminants to the terrestrial environment. This study aimed to quantitatively assess this biodriven transfer for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Aquatic insect larvae, emergent aquatic insects, terrestrial consumers, sediment, and water were collected from a contaminated lake and stream and an uncontaminated pond, and analyzed for PFAS and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. Top predators in this study were spiders, which showed the highest average ∑24PFAS concentration of 1400 ± 80 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) at the lake and 630 ng g-1 dw at the stream. The transfer of PFAS from the lake to the riparian zone, via deposition of emergent aquatic insects, was 280 ng ∑24PFAS m-2 d-1 in 2017 and only 23 ng ∑24PFAS m-2 d-1 in 2018. Because of higher production of emergent aquatic insects, the lake had higher PFAS transfer and higher concentrations in terrestrial consumers compared to the stream, despite the stream having higher PFAS concentration in water and aquatic insect larvae. Our results indicate that biodriven transfer of PFAS from the aquatic systems and subsequent uptake in terrestrial food webs depend more on emergence amounts, i.e., aquatic prey availability, rather than on PFAS concentrations in water and aquatic prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Koch
- Man-Technology-Environment
Research Centre, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Micael Jonsson
- Department
of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå
University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leo W. Y. Yeung
- Man-Technology-Environment
Research Centre, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Kärrman
- Man-Technology-Environment
Research Centre, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department
of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alf Ekblad
- Man-Technology-Environment
Research Centre, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Thanh Wang
- Man-Technology-Environment
Research Centre, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
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13
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Assessment of Advanced Oxidation Processes Using Zebrafish in a Non-Forced Exposure System: A Proof of Concept. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Water bodies and aquatic ecosystems are threatened by discharges of industrial waters. Ecotoxicological effects of components occurring in untreated and treated wastewaters are often not considered. The use of a linear, multi-compartmented, non-forced, static system constructed with PET bottles is proposed for the quality assessment of treated waters, to deal with such limitations. Two synthetic waters, one simulating wastewater from the textile industry and the other one simulating wastewater from the cassava starch industry, were prepared and treated by homogeneous Fenton process and heterogeneous photocatalysis, respectively. Untreated and treated synthetic waters and their dilutions were placed into compartments of the non-forced exposure system, in which zebrafish (Danio rerio), the indicator organism, could select the environment of its preference. Basic physical–chemical and chemical parameters of untreated and treated synthetic waters were measured. The preference and avoidance responses allowed verification of whether or not the quality of the water was improved due to the treatment. The results of these assays can be a complement to conventional parameters of water quality.
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14
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Araújo CVM, Laissaoui A, Silva DCVR, Ramos-Rodríguez E, González-Ortegón E, Espíndola ELG, Baldó F, Mena F, Parra G, Blasco J, López-Doval J, Sendra M, Banni M, Islam MA, Moreno-Garrido I. Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms' Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? TOXICS 2020; 8:E118. [PMID: 33322739 PMCID: PMC7768353 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of aquatic organisms to sense the surrounding environment chemically and interpret such signals correctly is crucial for their ecological niche and survival. Although it is an oversimplification of the ecological interactions, we could consider that a significant part of the decisions taken by organisms are, to some extent, chemically driven. Accordingly, chemical contamination might interfere in the way organisms behave and interact with the environment. Just as any environmental factor, contamination can make a habitat less attractive or even unsuitable to accommodate life, conditioning to some degree the decision of organisms to stay in, or move from, an ecosystem. If we consider that contamination is not always spatially homogeneous and that many organisms can avoid it, the ability of contaminants to repel organisms should also be of concern. Thus, in this critical review, we have discussed the dual role of contamination: toxicity (disruption of the physiological and behavioral homeostasis) vs. repellency (contamination-driven changes in spatial distribution/habitat selection). The discussion is centered on methodologies (forced exposure against non-forced multi-compartmented exposure systems) and conceptual improvements (individual stress due to the toxic effects caused by a continuous exposure against contamination-driven spatial distribution). Finally, we propose an approach in which Stress and Landscape Ecology could be integrated with each other to improve our understanding of the threat contaminants represent to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano V. M. Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain; (E.G.-O.); (J.B.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Abdelmourhit Laissaoui
- National Centre for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology, BP 1381, Rabat RP 10001, Morocco;
| | - Daniel C. V. R. Silva
- Institute of Xingu Studies, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, São Félix do Xingu, PA 68507-590, Brazil;
| | - Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
| | - Enrique González-Ortegón
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain; (E.G.-O.); (J.B.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Evaldo L. G. Espíndola
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP 13.560-970, Brazil;
| | - Francisco Baldó
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, 11006 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Freylan Mena
- Regional Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, 86-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica;
| | - Gema Parra
- Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain; (E.G.-O.); (J.B.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Julio López-Doval
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Sendra
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, 1349-017 Chott-Mariem, Tunisia;
| | - Mohammed Ariful Islam
- Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh;
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Garrido
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain; (E.G.-O.); (J.B.); (I.M.-G.)
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15
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Pham HT, Dinh KV, Nguyen CC, Quoc LB. Changes in the Magnitude of the Individual and Combined Effects of Contaminants, Warming, and Predators on Tropical Cladocerans across 11 Generations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15287-15295. [PMID: 33200939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A massive challenge in ecotoxicology is assessing how the interaction of contaminants, climate change, and biotic stressors shapes the structure and functions of natural populations. Furthermore, it is not known whether contemporary evolutionary responses to multiple stressors across multigenerations may alter the interaction of these stressors. To address these issues, we exposed Moina dubia to lead (Pb, 50 μg/L) under two temperatures (25 and 28 °C) with/without predator cues from climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) for 11 generations (F1-F11). We assessed changes in M. dubia fitness, including development time, adult size, lifespan, fecundity, and neonate production. We found strong negative effects of Pb, elevated temperature, and predator cues on the fitness of M. dubia. Strikingly, Pb-induced reduction in the performance of M. dubia was stronger at 25 °C and in the absence of predator cues. The individual and interactive effects of Pb, temperature, and predator cues on M. dubia were stronger across F1-F9 and generally leveled off in F10-F11. Our results highlight the high vulnerability of M. dubia to multiple stressors, thus weakening top-down control on algal blooms in eutrophic lakes. Our study underscores the importance of integrating evolutionary responses in realistic ecotoxicological risk assessments of contaminants interacting with climatic and biotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong T Pham
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi 116705, Vietnam
| | - Khuong V Dinh
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Cuong C Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi 116705, Vietnam
| | - Lap B Quoc
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi 116705, Vietnam
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16
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Silva DCVR, Queiroz LG, Marassi RJ, Araújo CVM, Bazzan T, Cardoso-Silva S, Silva GC, Müller M, Silva FT, Montagner CC, Paiva TCB, Pompêo MLM. Predicting zebrafish spatial avoidance triggered by discharges of dairy wastewater: An experimental approach based on self-purification in a model river. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115325. [PMID: 32814178 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater discharges from dairy industries can cause a range of harmful effects in aquatic ecosystems, including a decline in biodiversity due to species evasion. Therefore, it is important to know the purification potential of rivers for the removal of pollutants released in dairy wastewater (DWW). The hypothesis adopted in this work was that the release of DWW into stretches of the Ribeirão dos Pombos River (São Paulo State, Brazil) might trigger an avoidance response, resulting in fish migrating to other regions, with the response being greater when the self-cleaning potential of the river is smaller. Therefore, the goals of the present study were to: (i) investigate how land use and seasonality of the rainfall regime influence the quality of the water in different areas of the river (P1: river source; P2: urban region; P3: rural region); (ii) assess the potential of the river to purify DWW; and (iii) evaluate the potential toxicity and repellency of DWW to the freshwater fish Danio rerio, using acute toxicity (mortality) and non-forced avoidance tests, respectively. P1 was shown to be the most preserved area. The chemical composition of the river varied seasonally, with higher concentrations of Cl- and SO42- at P3 during the rainy period. The river purification potential for DWW was higher at P2, due to greater microbiological activity (associated with higher BOD). The DWW was more acutely toxic in water from P2. The avoidance response was strongly determined by the concentration of DWW, especially for water from P2. The high capacity for self-cleaning at P2 did not seem sufficient to maintain the stability of the ecosystem. Finally, the non-forced exposure system proved to be a suitable approach that can assist in predicting how contaminants may affect the spatial distributions of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C V R Silva
- Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, Institute of Xingu Studies, São Félix Do Xingu, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Lucas G Queiroz
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo J Marassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Río S. Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Thiago Bazzan
- National Institute for Space Research, São José Dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sheila Cardoso-Silva
- Program in Ecology and Natural Resource Management, UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil; Institute of Oceanography, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilmar C Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Müller
- Technological Institute of Aeronautics, São José Dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio T Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassiana C Montagner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas State University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teresa C B Paiva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Gerig BS, Janetski DJ, Chaloner DT, Lamberti GA. Contaminant Biotransport by Pacific Salmon in the Great Lakes. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Sievers M, Hale R, Parris KM, Melvin SD, Lanctôt CM, Swearer SE. Contaminant-induced behavioural changes in amphibians: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133570. [PMID: 31369889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination contributes to the threatened status of many amphibian populations. Many contaminants alter behaviour at concentrations commonly experienced in the environment, with negative consequences for individual fitness, populations and communities. A comprehensive, quantitative evaluation of the behavioural sensitivity of amphibians is warranted to better understand the population-level and resultant ecological impacts of contaminants. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating behavioural changes following exposure to contaminants. Most studies were conducted in North America and Europe on larval stages, and 64% of the 116 studies focussed on the effects of insecticides. We found that a suite of contaminants influence a wide range of behaviours in amphibians, with insecticides typically invoking the strongest responses. In particular, insecticides increased rates of abnormal swimming, and reduced escape responses to simulated predator attacks. Our analysis identified five key needs for future research, in particular the need: (1) for researchers to provide more details of experimental protocols and results (2) to develop a strong research base for future quantitative reviews, (3) to broaden the suite of contaminants tested, (4) to better study and thus understand the effects of multiple stressors, and (5) to establish the ecological importance of behavioural alterations. Behavioural endpoints provide useful sub-lethal indicators of how contaminants influence amphibians, and coupled with standard ecotoxicological endpoints, can provide valuable information for population models assessing the broader ecological consequences of environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sievers
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute - Coast & Estuaries, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Robin Hale
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kirsten M Parris
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Chantal M Lanctôt
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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19
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Clements WH, Cadmus P, Kotalik CJ, Wolff BA. Context-Dependent Responses of Aquatic Insects to Metals and Metal Mixtures: A Quantitative Analysis Summarizing 24 Yr of Stream Mesocosm Experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2486-2496. [PMID: 31403735 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modernizing water quality criteria to predict how contaminants affect natural aquatic communities requires that we utilize data obtained across multiple lines of evidence, including laboratory, mesocosm, and field studies. We report the results of 29 mesocosm experiments conducted from 1994 to 2017 at the Colorado State University Stream Research Laboratory (Fort Collins, CO, USA). The primary goal of the present study was to quantify responses of aquatic insect communities collected from 8 different locations to different combinations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). Treatments that included Cu or Fe, either alone or in combination with other metals, were especially toxic to aquatic insects. The results showed that effects of metals were context dependent and varied significantly among the 8 sites where communities were collected. In particular, effects on communities from smaller streams were significantly greater than those from larger streams. Our analyses also showed that several morphological (body size, shape, gills, degree of sclerotization) and life history (voltinism) traits were significantly correlated with sensitivity to metals. Across all taxa and experiments, aquatic insects broadly classified as small (maximum body length <8 mm) were significantly more sensitive to metals than medium or large individuals. These findings demonstrate the advantages of integrating results of mesocosm experiments with species traits to develop a mechanistic understanding of biotic and abiotic factors that influence community responses to contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2486-2496. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Clements
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Pete Cadmus
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Christopher J Kotalik
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Brian A Wolff
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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20
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Walker RH, Walters AW. A mechanistic understanding of ecological responses to land‐use change in headwater streams. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard H. Walker
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Zoology and Physiology Department University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
- U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Zoology and Physiology Department University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Annika W. Walters
- U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Zoology and Physiology Department University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
- Program in Ecology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
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21
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Mor JR, Dolédec S, Acuña V, Sabater S, Muñoz I. Invertebrate community responses to urban wastewater effluent pollution under different hydro-morphological conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:483-492. [PMID: 31158676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urban wastewater effluents bring large amounts of nutrients, organic matter and organic microcontaminants into freshwater ecosystems. The effects of this complex mixture of pollutants on freshwater invertebrates have been studied mainly in temperate rivers and streams with high dilution capacities. In contrast, Mediterranean streams and rivers have lower dilution capacities especially during the seasonal drought, and are therefore exposed to high concentrations of pollutants. Here, we assess the effects of urban wastewater pollution on invertebrate communities from Mediterranean streams under different hydrological conditions. Specifically, we assessed the invertebrates taxonomic composition and functional biological traits in 12 streams, differing in stream and substrate size (sand or cobbles), under low (2 surveys) and baseflow (1 survey) conditions. In each stream, we selected reaches both upstream and downstream of the wastewater discharge point. Our results indicate that urban wastewater pollution favours the most tolerant invertebrate taxa and homogenises functional trait composition over time. Changes in functional traits were more evident during the seasonal drought, when the low flow conditions at the upstream and downstream sites were more severe and, pollutant concentrations downstream were at their highest. However, the effects of urban wastewater pollution were not uniform in the downstream sites; as local invertebrate communities differed in according to the river substrate and stream size (i.e., width and discharge). Overall, urban pollution caused by wastewater enhanced both, taxonomic and functional differences between the invertebrate communities. Such an absence of homogenisation among wastewater pollution impacted sites was probably related to the relevant role of stream substrate-size as well flow conditions in the rivers receiving the impact. These are attributes that need to be considered when setting the pollutant discharge limits in rivers and streams receiving effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi-René Mor
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sylvain Dolédec
- UMR 5023 - LEHNA, Biodiversité et Plasticité dans les Hydrosystèmes, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Barmentlo SH, Vriend LM, Grunsven RHA, Vijver MG. Environmental levels of neonicotinoids reduce prey consumption, mobility and emergence of the damselfly
Ischnura elegans. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Laura M. Vriend
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Martina G. Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
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23
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Weathered J, Hammill E. Adaptation to agricultural pesticides may allow mosquitoes to avoid predators and colonize novel ecosystems. Oecologia 2019; 190:219-227. [PMID: 31098774 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human activities such as the application of agrochemicals may detrimentally disturb natural ecosystems, generating novel selection pressures. Here we examine how pesticides may influence community composition using the aquatic communities within bromeliad phytotelmata, and how adaptive responses to pesticides may influence community-level patterns. We first quantified the composition of macroinvertebrate communities from pesticide-free and pesticide-exposed locations. Complementary manipulative experiments where bromeliads were transplanted between pesticide-free and pesticide-exposed sites were then performed. Finally, pesticide bioassays on the most common predators (Mecistogaster modesta damselflies) and prey (Wyeomyia abebela mosquitoes) assessed a potential evolutionary mechanism that may influence community compositional differences. Our field survey revealed differences in W. abebela and M. modesta abundances between pesticide-free and pesticide-exposed areas. Our transplant experiment suggested compositional differences were not due to physical differences between bromeliads from different locations. Pesticide bioassays revealed that M. modesta from pesticide-free locations had higher innate pesticide tolerances than W. abebela from pesticide-free areas, but M. modesta larvae showed no evidence of adapted resistance as none were found where pesticides were used. Conversely, W. abebela larvae from pesticide-exposed locations had higher pesticide tolerances than individuals from pesticide-free sites, suggesting an adaptive response. This evolved resistance to pesticides may, therefore, allow W. abebela to colonize habitats free of the dominant predator in the system, explaining the higher W. abebela abundances in pesticide-exposed areas than in pesticide-free locations. We suggest that the total effect of novel stressors is driven by interactions between ecological and evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Weathered
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Edd Hammill
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84341, USA.
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24
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Rizzi C, Finizio A, Maggi V, Villa S. Spatial-temporal analysis and risk characterisation of pesticides in Alpine glacial streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:659-666. [PMID: 30849583 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of a selection of pesticides in Alpine glaciers used on the Po Plain in Northern Italy, near the Alps. By analysing a 102-m ice core taken from the Lys Glacier (Monte Rosa massif, Italy), we highlight historical contamination from the insecticide chlorpyrifos and the herbicide terbuthylazine, confirming the role of alpine glaciers as temporal sinks. In addition, we collected meltwater samples from six glaciers distributed along the Alpine Arc during the summer of 2016, which showed widespread contamination by pesticides. Overall, chlorpyrifos and terbuthylazine dominated the contaminant fingerprint of all of the studied glaciers, with contamination peaks occurring at the beginning of the melting season. This highlights the importance of the medium-range atmospheric transport of these pesticides in connection with agricultural practices in the areas beneath the Italian Alps, where they are widely applied. The release of pesticides in meltwater can lead to potential risks to the aquatic ecosystems of headwater streams, as we demonstrate for chlorpyrifos. This suggests that the medium-range atmospheric transport of pesticides should be considered as part of regulations to protect the water quality of these pristine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rizzi
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - A Finizio
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - V Maggi
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - S Villa
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
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25
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Pauletto M, Lopparelli RM, Pegolo S, Armani M, Zorzan E, Giantin M, Bertotto D, Gallocchio F, Zancanella V, Capolongo F, Binato G, Mutinelli F, Dacasto M. Significance of the goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus as a sentinel species for Venice Lagoon contamination: Combining biomarker responses and bioaccumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:959-973. [PMID: 30743980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Venice Lagoon is an interesting example of an ecosystem suffering for a considerable anthropogenic impact, resulting in high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in lagoon sediments and seafood. In this context, biomonitoring is a crucially important task. The present study aimed at evaluating the validity of a multiple biomarker approach in a benthic fish species. A total of 567 Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Gobiidae) fish were collected in spring and autumn from three areas of Venice Lagoon (Porto Marghera, Val di Brenta, and Cà Roman) showing high, intermediate and low amounts of POPs, respectively. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) mRNA levels, CYP1A protein amount and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity (EROD) were measured in pooled liver and gills (mRNA levels only). Such biological data were then compared with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residues, measured in grass goby muscle by gas chromatography. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and CYP1A mRNAs, protein and EROD were upregulated in accordance with PCB amounts measured in Z. ophiocephalus muscles. In fact, the highest AHR and CYP1A induction was observed in fish sampled in close proximity of the industrial area of Porto Marghera. Overall, the present study confirm the grass goby as a reliable sentinel species for Venice Lagoon, and AHR/CYP1A/EROD as a sensitive set of biomarkers of exposure for AHR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Rosa M Lopparelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Sara Pegolo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Mariachiara Armani
- Veterinary and Public Health Institute, viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Zorzan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Daniela Bertotto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Federica Gallocchio
- Veterinary and Public Health Institute, viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Zancanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Capolongo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Binato
- Veterinary and Public Health Institute, viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Franco Mutinelli
- Veterinary and Public Health Institute, viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
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26
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Zubrod JP, Bundschuh M, Arts G, Brühl CA, Imfeld G, Knäbel A, Payraudeau S, Rasmussen JJ, Rohr J, Scharmüller A, Smalling K, Stehle S, Schulz R, Schäfer RB. Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3347-3365. [PMID: 30835448 PMCID: PMC6536136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides are indispensable to global food security and their use is forecasted to intensify. Fungicides can reach aquatic ecosystems and occur in surface water bodies in agricultural catchments throughout the entire growing season due to their frequent, prophylactic application. However, in comparison to herbicides and insecticides, the exposure to and effects of fungicides have received less attention. We provide an overview of the risk of fungicides to aquatic ecosystems covering fungicide exposure (i.e., environmental fate, exposure modeling, and mitigation measures) as well as direct and indirect effects of fungicides on microorganisms, macrophytes, invertebrates, and vertebrates. We show that fungicides occur widely in aquatic systems, that the accuracy of predicted environmental concentrations is debatable, and that fungicide exposure can be effectively mitigated. We additionally demonstrate that fungicides can be highly toxic to a broad range of organisms and can pose a risk to aquatic biota. Finally, we outline central research gaps that currently challenge our ability to predict fungicide exposure and effects, promising research avenues, and shortcomings of the current environmental risk assessment for fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen P. Zubrod
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal
Ecosystem Research Station, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße
13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Department
of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SWE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gertie Arts
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, Wageningen University
and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten A. Brühl
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Laboratoire
d’Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Anja Knäbel
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sylvain Payraudeau
- Laboratoire
d’Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jes J. Rasmussen
- Aarhus
University, Dept. of Bioscience, Vejlsoevej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jason Rohr
- University
of South Florida, Department of Integrative
Biology, Tampa, Florida, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, and Eck Institute
for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United
States
| | - Andreas Scharmüller
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Kelly Smalling
- U.S.
Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science
Center, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, United States
| | - Sebastian Stehle
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal
Ecosystem Research Station, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße
13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal
Ecosystem Research Station, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße
13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Ralf B. Schäfer
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
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27
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Schmidt TS, Van Metre PC, Carlisle DM. Linking the Agricultural Landscape of the Midwest to Stream Health with Structural Equation Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:452-462. [PMID: 30532975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple physical and chemical stressors can simultaneously affect the biological condition of streams. To better understand the complex interactions of land-use practices, water quality, and ecological integrity of streams, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Project is conducting regional-scale assessments of stream condition across the United States. In the summer of 2013, weekly water samples were collected from 100 streams in the Midwestern United States. Employing watershed theory, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to represent a general hypothesis for how 16 variables (previously identified to be important to stream condition) might be inter-related. Again, using SEM, we evaluated the ability of this "stressor network" to explain variations in multimetrics of algal, invertebrate, and fish community health, trimming away any environmental variables not contributing to an explanation of the ecological responses. Seven environmental variables-agricultural and urban land use, sand content of soils, basin area, percent riparian area as forest, channel erosion, and relative bed stability-were found to be important for all three-community metrics. The algal and invertebrate models included water-chemistry variables not included in the fish model. Results suggest that ecological integrity of Midwest streams are affected by both agricultural and urban land uses and by the natural geologic setting, as indicated by the sand content of soils. Chemicals related to crops (pesticides and nutrients) and residential uses (pyrethroids) were found to be more strongly related to ecological integrity than were natural factors (riparian forest, watershed soil character).
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S Schmidt
- U.S. Geological Survey , Colorado Water Science Center , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Peter C Van Metre
- U.S. Geological Survey Texas Water Science Center , Austin , Texas 78754 , United States
| | - Daren M Carlisle
- U.S. Geological Survey Earth Systems Processes Division , Lawrence , Kansas 66049 , United States
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28
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Schmidt TS, Rogers HA, Miller JL, Mebane CA, Balistrieri LS. Understanding the captivity effect on invertebrate communities transplanted into an experimental stream laboratory. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2820-2834. [PMID: 30035388 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how design and testing methodologies affect the macroinvertebrate communities that are held captive in mesocosms. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a 32-d test to determine how seeded invertebrate communities changed once removed from the natural stream and introduced to the laboratory. We evaluated larvae survival and adult emergence in controls from 4 subsequent studies, as well as corresponding within-river community changes. The experimental streams maintained about 80% of the invertebrates that originally colonized the introduced substrates. Many macroinvertebrate populations experienced changes in numbers through time, suggesting that these taxa are unlikely to maintain static populations throughout studies. For example, some taxa (Tanytarsini, Simuliidae, Cinygmula sp.) increased in number, grew (Simuliidae), and possibly recruited new individuals (Baetidae) as larvae, while several also completed other life history events (pupation and emergence) during the 30- to 32-d studies. Midges and mayflies dominated emergence, further supporting the idea that conditions are conducive for many taxa to complete their life cycles while held captive in the experimental streams. However, plecopterans were sensitive to temperature changes >2 °C between river and laboratory. Thus, this experimental stream testing approach can support diverse larval macroinvertebrate communities for durations consistent with some chronic criterion development and life cycle assessments (i.e., 30 d). The changes in communities held captive in the experimental streams were mostly consistent with the parallel changes observed from in situ river samples, indicating that mesocosm results are reasonably representative of real river insect communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2820-2834. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laurie S Balistrieri
- Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, US Geological Survey, Grafton, Wisconsin
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29
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Merriam ER, Petty JT, Maloney KO, Young JA, Faulkner SP, Slonecker ET, Milheim LE, Hailegiorgis A, Niles J. Brook trout distributional response to unconventional oil and gas development: Landscape context matters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:338-349. [PMID: 29444486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a large-scale assessment of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) development effects on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distribution. We compiled 2231 brook trout collection records from the Upper Susquehanna River Watershed, USA. We used boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis to predict occurrence probability at the 1:24,000 stream-segment scale as a function of natural and anthropogenic landscape and climatic attributes. We then evaluated the importance of landscape context (i.e., pre-existing natural habitat quality and anthropogenic degradation) in modulating the effects of UOG on brook trout distribution under UOG development scenarios. BRT made use of 5 anthropogenic (28% relative influence) and 7 natural (72% relative influence) variables to model occurrence with a high degree of accuracy [Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUC)=0.85 and cross-validated AUC=0.81]. UOG development impacted 11% (n=2784) of streams and resulted in a loss of predicted occurrence in 126 (4%). Most streams impacted by UOG had unsuitable underlying natural habitat quality (n=1220; 44%). Brook trout were predicted to be absent from an additional 26% (n=733) of streams due to pre-existing non-UOG land uses (i.e., agriculture, residential and commercial development, or historic mining). Streams with a predicted and observed (via existing pre- and post-disturbance fish sampling records) loss of occurrence due to UOG tended to have intermediate natural habitat quality and/or intermediate levels of non-UOG stress. Simulated development of permitted but undeveloped UOG wells (n=943) resulted in a loss of predicted occurrence in 27 additional streams. Loss of occurrence was strongly dependent upon landscape context, suggesting effects of current and future UOG development are likely most relevant in streams near the probability threshold due to pre-existing habitat degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Merriam
- School of Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6125, USA.
| | - J Todd Petty
- School of Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6125, USA
| | - Kelly O Maloney
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - John A Young
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Stephen P Faulkner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - E Terrence Slonecker
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Geographic Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, 521 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Lesley E Milheim
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Geographic Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, 521 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Niles
- Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
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30
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Barmentlo SH, Parmentier EM, de Snoo GR, Vijver MG. Thiacloprid-induced toxicity influenced by nutrients: Evidence from in situ bioassays in experimental ditches. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1907-1915. [PMID: 29600525 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies show that neonicotinoid insecticides cause toxicity to aquatic invertebrates. Some studies report that insecticide toxicity may differ in combination with other agrochemicals under realistic field conditions. To explore such altered toxicity further, we aimed to determine the single and combined effects of environmentally relevant levels of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid and nutrients on different endpoints of 4 aquatic invertebrate species. Animals were exposed to these agrochemicals using a caged experiment within experimental ditches. We observed thiacloprid-induced toxicity for 2 crustaceans, Daphnia magna and Asellus aquaticus, and for 1 out of 2 tested insect species, Cloeon dipterum. We observed no toxic effects for Chironomus riparius at the time-weighted average test concentration of 0.51 μg thiacloprid/L. For D. magna, the observed toxicity, expressed as the lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC), on growth and reproduction was present at thiacloprid concentrations that were 2456-fold lower than laboratory-derived LOEC values. This shows that these species, when exposed under natural conditions, may exhibit neonicotinoid-induced toxic stress. Contrary to the low nutrient treatment, such toxicity was often not observed under nutrient-enriched conditions. This was likely attributable to the increased primary production that allowed for compensatory feeding. These findings warrant the inclusion of different feeding regimes in laboratory experiments to retrieve the best estimates of neonicotinoid-induced toxicity in the natural environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1907-1915. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elinor M Parmentier
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R de Snoo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Cadmus P, Guasch H, Herdrich AT, Bonet B, Urrea G, Clements WH. Structural and functional responses of periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities to ferric Fe, Cu, and Zn in stream mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1320-1329. [PMID: 29278661 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two mesocosm experiments were conducted to examine effects of ferric iron (Fe) and mixtures of ferric Fe with aqueous metals (Cu, Zn) on stream benthic communities. Naturally colonized benthic communities were exposed to a gradient of ferric Fe (0, 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, 6.2, and 15.6 mg/L) that bracketed the current US Environmental Protection Agency water quality criterion value (1.0 mg/L). After 10 d of exposure to ferric Fe, total macroinvertebrate abundance, number of taxa, and abundance of all major macroinvertebrate groups (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, and Diptera) were significantly reduced. Heptageniid mayflies and chironomids were especially sensitive to Fe oxide deposition and were significantly reduced at 0.4 and 1.0 mg/L total Fe, respectively. In a second mesocosm experiment, periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities were exposed to ferric Fe (0.60 mg/L) with or without aqueous Cu and Zn at 2 treatment levels: low (0.01 mg/L Cu + 0.1 mg/L Zn) and high (0.05 mg/L Cu + 0.5 mg/L Zn). In contrast to previous research, we observed no evidence of a protective effect of Fe on toxicity of metals. Growth rates and protein content of periphyton were significantly reduced by both ferric Fe and aqueous metals, whereas abundance of heptageniid mayflies (Cinygmula) and whole community metabolism were significantly reduced by ferric Fe alone. We hypothesize that Fe oxides inhibited algal growth and enhanced metal accumulation, leading to a reduction in the quantity and quality of food resources for grazers. Mesocosm experiments conducted using natural benthic communities provide a unique opportunity to quantify the relative importance of indirect physical effects and to develop a better understanding of the relationship between basal food resources and consumers in natural stream ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1320-1329. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Cadmus
- Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Aquatic Research, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Helena Guasch
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain
| | - Adam T Herdrich
- Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Berta Bonet
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Urrea
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain
| | - William H Clements
- Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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32
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Gerig BS, Chaloner DT, Janetski DJ, Moerke AH, Rediske RR, O'Keefe JP, de Alwis Pitts DA, Lamberti GA. Environmental context and contaminant biotransport by Pacific salmon interact to mediate the bioaccumulation of contaminants by stream-resident fish. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S. Gerig
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
- Department of Biology; Northern Michigan University; Marquette MI USA
| | - Dominic T. Chaloner
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
| | - David J. Janetski
- Department of Biology; Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Indiana PA USA
| | - Ashley H. Moerke
- School of Biological Sciences; Lake Superior State University; Sault Ste. Marie MI USA
| | - Richard R. Rediske
- Annis Water Resource Institute; Grand Valley State University; Muskegon MI USA
| | - James P. O'Keefe
- Annis Water Resource Institute; Grand Valley State University; Muskegon MI USA
| | - Dilkushi A. de Alwis Pitts
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
| | - Gary A. Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
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33
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Allen Burton G. Breaking from tradition: establishing more realistic sediment quality guidelines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3047-3052. [PMID: 28054270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sediment quality guidelines vary wildly across nations. The approaches to derive these guidelines range from crude percentile rankings of total concentrations of single chemicals to theoretical approaches that are driven by biological available effect levels. This results in a range of orders of magnitude for "safe" or threshold levels by chemical. Even the more scientifically advanced approaches using theoretical approaches are problematic in that they do not consider chemical mixtures, alternate routes of exposure, and other ligands that limit bioavailability. In the end, all that matters is that desirable resident biota are protected and with no significant ecological impacts. Complicating this determination is the role of habitat, flow, sedimentation, and nutrients-all of which are common in human-dominated waterways. A possible effective way forward is to consider the common, relevant stressors that may influence biotic communities associated with sediments. This approach would consider relevant sensitive species in terms of their ecological context and dominant exposure pathway (considering habitat, overlying water, sediment, periphyton, and hyporheos). In addition, the sum of water column (and pore water) and sediment probable effect concentration vs probable no effect concentrations ratios would be summed and considered for mixtures. Since this non-scientific mixture effect assessment may be overly conservative, in situ caged toxicity tests with benthic and water column organisms exposed to sediments, pore waters, and overlying water would be conducted for field validations along with comparisons of indigenous biota to BioCriteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Allen Burton
- School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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34
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Klapstein SJ, O'Driscoll NJ. Methylmercury Biogeochemistry in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Review Focusing on DOM and Photodemethylation. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:14-25. [PMID: 29248954 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury contamination is a growing concern for freshwater food webs in ecosystems without point sources of mercury. Methylmercury (MeHg) is of particular concern, as this is the form of mercury that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is neurotoxic to organisms. Wetlands and benthic sediments have high organic content and low oxygen availability. Anaerobic bacteria drive the metabolic function in these ecosystems and subsequently can methylate mercury. The bioavailability of MeHg is controlled by physicochemical characteristics such as pH, binding affinities, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Similarly, photodemethylation is influenced by similar characteristics and thereby the two processes should be studied in tandem. The degradation of MeHg through photochemistry is an effective destruction mechanism in freshwater lakes. This review will highlight the uncertainties and known effects of DOM on subsequent photoreactions that lead to the occurrence of mercury photodemethylation and reduction in mercury bioavailability in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Klapstein
- Environmental Sciences Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada.
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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35
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Schäfer RB, Kühn B, Hauer L, Kattwinkel M. Assessing recovery of stream insects from pesticides using a two-patch metapopulation model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:788-798. [PMID: 28768211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can exert lethal and sublethal effects on streams organisms. Field studies have shown that non-polluted upstream patches promote population recovery from such effects. Nevertheless, the dynamics and potential carryover effects on the upstream patch are largely unknown. We used a metapopulation model with 2 patches to simulate lethal and sublethal effects on the downstream population of an insect with one generation per year, which was structured into early and late instars aquatic life stages, and an adult terrestrial life stage. We examined the implications for the recovery time of a range of scenarios covering different pesticide effect combinations, migration and exposure types. We found that recovery time responded most strongly to a reduction in reproduction in terms of the reduction of the intrinsic growth rate during the early instar aquatic life stage. For 60 of 96 scenarios with pesticide exposure in consecutive years, no recovery occurred within one year if the intrinsic growth rate was reduced by 50% or more. Without migration between patches (32 scenarios), the polluted downstream population went extinct in 5 of these scenarios. Migration lead overall to slightly faster recovery, albeit this was scenario dependent, but also to a carryover of the pesticide effect from the polluted downstream to the non-polluted upstream patch (up to 25% reduction in the minimal population size). A sensitivity analysis revealed that recovery time was most sensitive to the parameters length of the intrinsic growth phase during early instar aquatic life stage and to migration mortality of the late instar aquatic larvae, and least sensitive to the adult emigration rate and timing of pesticide application. Our study highlights the important role of sublethal effects for population responses to pesticides and that migration buffers against effects, but also carries effects over to non-polluted patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany; Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Hauer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany; UDATA GmbH, Hindenburgstrasse 1, D-67433 Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Mira Kattwinkel
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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Tüzün N, Müller S, Koch K, Stoks R. Pesticide-induced changes in personality depend on the urbanization level. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Echeveste P, Silva JC, Lombardi AT. Cu and Cd affect distinctly the physiology of a cosmopolitan tropical freshwater phytoplankton. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:228-235. [PMID: 28551580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper and Cd are natural constituents of freshwater ecosystems, both cycling influenced by microbial communities. The present research examined the impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu and Cd on the growth, viability, cell size, chlorophyll a (Chl a) content and photochemical efficiency of the tropical freshwater phytoplankton Chlorolobion braunii. Cell growth was significantly impaired by Cu and Cd, with EC50 occurring at 33.6 and 1.6µM, respectively. At sublethal levels (< EC50), cell death was already induced at 5µM Cu and 1µMCd. Average cell volume significantly increased as metal concentrations increased, as did the Chl a content per cell, although the Chl a content per unit volume decreased. Copper did not affect both the photosystem II (PSII) maximum quantum yield (ΦM) or the operational quantum yield (ΦE), while Cd significantly impacted ΦE, with EC50 occurring at 18.4µM. Different responses for Cu and Cd were obtained whether the photochemical fluorescence quenching (Qp) or non-photochemical quenching (Qn) were considered. Qp decreased after Cd addition, but was not altered after Cu addition. Qn values significantly increased after the addition of either metal. Non-photochemical quenching due to heat dissipation (NPQ) significantly increased in response to both metals, but it was more pronounced in the case of Cd. Overall, Cd was more toxic to C. braunii than Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Echeveste
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline C Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Ana T Lombardi
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil
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38
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Op de Beeck L, Verheyen J, Olsen K, Stoks R. Negative effects of pesticides under global warming can be counteracted by a higher degradation rate and thermal adaptation. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Op de Beeck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; University of Leuven; Charles Deberiotstraat 32 B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; University of Leuven; Charles Deberiotstraat 32 B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Kent Olsen
- Natural History Museum Aarhus; Wilhelm Meyers Allé 210 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; University of Leuven; Charles Deberiotstraat 32 B-3000 Leuven Belgium
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Sniegula S, Janssens L, Stoks R. Integrating multiple stressors across life stages and latitudes: Combined and delayed effects of an egg heat wave and larval pesticide exposure in a damselfly. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:113-122. [PMID: 28282618 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effects of pollutants in a changing world we need multistressor studies that combine pollutants with other stressors associated with global change such as heat waves. We tested for the delayed and combined impact of a heat wave during the egg stage and subsequent sublethal exposure to the pesticide esfenvalerate during the larval stage on life history and physiology in the larval and adult stage of the damselfly Lestes sponsa. We studied this in a common garden experiment with replicated central- and high latitude populations to explore potential effects of local thermal adaptation and differences in life history shaping the multistressor responses. Exposure of eggs to the heat wave had no effect on larval traits, yet had delayed costs (lower fat and flight muscle mass) in the adult stage thereby crossing two life history transitions. These delayed costs were only present in central-latitude populations potentially indicating their lower heat tolerance. Exposure of larvae to the pesticide reduced larval growth rate and prolonged development time, and across metamorphosis reduced the adult fat content and the flight muscle mass, yet did not affect the adult heat tolerance. The pesticide-induced delayed emergence was only present in the slower growing central-latitude larvae, possibly reflecting stronger selection to keep development fast in the more time-constrained high-latitude populations. We observed no synergistic interactions between the egg heat wave and the larval pesticide exposure. Instead the pesticide-induced reduction in fat content was only present in animals that were not exposed to the egg heat wave. Our results based on laboratory conditions highlight that multistressor studies should integrate across life stages to fully capture cumulative effects of pollutants with other stressors related to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Sniegula
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland; Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lizanne Janssens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Debecker S, Dinh KV, Stoks R. Strong Delayed Interactive Effects of Metal Exposure and Warming: Latitude-Dependent Synergisms Persist Across Metamorphosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2409-2417. [PMID: 28146353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As contaminants are often more toxic at higher temperatures, predicting their impact under global warming remains a key challenge for ecological risk assessment. Ignoring delayed effects, synergistic interactions between contaminants and warming, and differences in sensitivity across species' ranges could lead to an important underestimation of the risks. We addressed all three mechanisms by studying effects of larval exposure to zinc and warming before, during, and after metamorphosis in Ischnura elegans damselflies from high- and low-latitude populations. By integrating these mechanisms into a single study, we could identify two novel patterns. First, during exposure zinc did not affect survival, whereas it induced mild to moderate postexposure mortality in the larval stage and at metamorphosis, and very strongly reduced adult lifespan. This severe delayed effect across metamorphosis was especially remarkable in high-latitude animals, as they appeared almost insensitive to zinc during the larval stage. Second, the well-known synergism between metals and warming was manifested not only during the larval stage but also after metamorphosis, yet notably only in low-latitude damselflies. These results highlight that a more complete life-cycle approach that incorporates the possibility of delayed interactions between contaminants and warming in a geographical context is crucial for a more realistic risk assessment in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Debecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven/University of Leuven , Charles Deberiotstraat 32 bus 2439, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Khuong V Dinh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven/University of Leuven , Charles Deberiotstraat 32 bus 2439, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark , Jægersborg Alle 1D, Charlottenlund 2920, Denmark
- Department of Freshwater Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University , No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Nha Trang, 650000, Vietnam
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven/University of Leuven , Charles Deberiotstraat 32 bus 2439, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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41
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Wolff BA, Johnson BM, Lepak JM. Changes in Sport Fish Mercury Concentrations from Food Web Shifts Suggest Partial Decoupling from Atmospheric Deposition in Two Colorado Reservoirs. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 72:167-177. [PMID: 28064370 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Partial decoupling of mercury (Hg) loading and observed Hg concentrations ([Hg]) in biotic and abiotic samples has been documented in aquatic systems. We studied two Colorado reservoirs to test whether shifts in prey for sport fish would lead to changes in [Hg] independent of external atmospheric Hg deposition. We compared sport fish total mercury concentrations ([T-Hg]) and macroinvertebrate (chironomids and crayfish) methylmercury concentrations ([MeHg]) before and after food web shifts occurred in both reservoirs. We also monitored wet atmospheric Hg deposition and sediment [T-Hg] and [MeHg] at each reservoir. We found rapid shifts in Hg bioaccumulation in each reservoir's sport fish, and these changes could not be attributed to atmospheric Hg deposition. Our study shows that trends in atmospheric deposition, environmental samples (e.g., sediments), and samples of species at the low trophic levels (e.g., chironomids and crayfish) may not accurately reflect conditions that result in fish consumption advisories for high trophic level sport fish. We suggest that in the short-term, monitoring fish [Hg] is necessary to adequately protect human health because natural and anthropogenic perturbations to aquatic food-webs that affect [Hg] in sport fish will continue regardless of trends in atmospheric deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Wolff
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 1474 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Brett M Johnson
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 1474 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jesse M Lepak
- New York Sea Grant Extension, SUNY Oswego, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA
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42
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Rico A, Van den Brink PJ, Leitner P, Graf W, Focks A. Relative influence of chemical and non-chemical stressors on invertebrate communities: a case study in the Danube River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:1370-82. [PMID: 27450262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for the ecological risk assessment of chemicals has been to evaluate the relative contribution of chemical pollution to the variability observed in biological communities, as well as to identify multiple stressor groups. In this study we evaluated the toxic pressure exerted by >200 contaminants to benthic macroinvertebrates in the Danube River using the Toxic Unit approach. Furthermore, we evaluated correlations between several stressors (chemical and non-chemical) and biological indices commonly used for the ecological status assessment of aquatic ecosystems. We also performed several variation partitioning analyses to evaluate the relative contribution of contaminants and other abiotic parameters (i.e. habitat characteristics, hydromorphological alterations, water quality parameters) to the structural and biological trait variation of the invertebrate community. The results of this study show that most biological indices significantly correlate to parameters related to habitat and physico-chemical conditions, but showed limited correlation with the calculated toxic pressure. The calculated toxic pressure, however, showed little variation between sampling sites, which complicates the identification of pollution-induced effects. The results of this study show that the variation in the structure and trait composition of the invertebrate community are mainly explained by habitat and water quality parameters, whereas hydromorphological alterations play a less important role. Among the water quality parameters, physico-chemical parameters such as suspended solids, nutrients or dissolved oxygen explained a larger part of the variation in the invertebrate community as compared to metals or organic contaminants. Significant correlations exist between some physico-chemical measurements (e.g. nutrients) and some chemical classes (i.e. pharmaceuticals, chemicals related to human presence) which constitute important multiple stressor groups. This study demonstrates that, in large rivers like the Danube, the variation in the invertebrate community seems to be more related to varying habitat and physico-chemical conditions than to chemical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Leitner
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Focks
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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43
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The impact of regional landscape context on local maladaptive trait divergence: a field test using freshwater copepod acid tolerance. Evol Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-016-9853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dinh KV, Janssens L, Therry L, Gyulavári HA, Bervoets L, Stoks R. Rapid evolution of increased vulnerability to an insecticide at the expansion front in a poleward-moving damselfly. Evol Appl 2016; 9:450-61. [PMID: 26989436 PMCID: PMC4778112 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many species are too slow to track their poleward-moving climate niche under global warming. Pesticide exposure may contribute to this by reducing population growth and impairing flight ability. Moreover, edge populations at the moving range front may be more vulnerable to pesticides because of the rapid evolution of traits to enhance their rate of spread that shunt energy away from detoxification and repair. We exposed replicated edge and core populations of the poleward-moving damselfly Coenagrion scitulum to the pesticide esfenvalerate at low and high densities. Exposure to esfenvalerate had strong negative effects on survival, growth rate, and development time in the larval stage and negatively affected flight-related adult traits (mass at emergence, flight muscle mass, and fat content) across metamorphosis. Pesticide effects did not differ between edge and core populations, except that at the high concentration the pesticide-induced mortality was 17% stronger in edge populations. Pesticide exposure may therefore slow down the range expansion by lowering population growth rates, especially because edge populations suffered a higher mortality, and by negatively affecting dispersal ability by impairing flight-related traits. These results emphasize the need for direct conservation efforts toward leading-edge populations for facilitating future range shifts under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuong Van Dinh
- Institute of Aquaculture Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam; Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Lizanne Janssens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Lieven Therry
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Hajnalka A Gyulavári
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research Group University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Institute of Aquaculture Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam
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Arambourou H, Stoks R. Warmer winters modulate life history and energy storage but do not affect sensitivity to a widespread pesticide in an aquatic insect. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 167:38-45. [PMID: 26261878 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increased attention for the effects of pesticides under global warming no studies tested how winter warming affects subsequent sensitivity to pesticides. Winter warming is expected to cause delayed negative effects when it increases metabolic rates and thereby depletes energy reserves. Using a common-garden experiment, we investigated the combined effect of a 4 °C increase in winter temperature and subsequent exposure to chlorpyrifos in the aquatic larvae of replicated low- and high-latitude European populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. The warmer winter (8 °C) resulted in a higher winter survival and higher growth rates compared to the cold winter (4 °C) commonly experienced by European high-latitude populations. Low-latitude populations were better at coping with the warmer winter, indicating thermal adaptation to the local winter temperatures. Subsequent chlorpyrifos exposure at 20 °C induced strong negative effects on survival, growth rate, lipid content and acetylcholinesterase activity while phenoloxidase activity increased. These pesticide effects were not affected by winter warming. Our results suggest that for species where winter warming has positive effects on life history, no delayed effects on the sensitivity to subsequent pesticide exposure should be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Arambourou
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, IRSTEA Lyon-Villeurbanne, MAEP Research Unit, CS70077, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France; Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Debériotstraat 32, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Debériotstraat 32, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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46
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Voß K, Fernández D, Schäfer RB. Organic matter breakdown in streams in a region of contrasting anthropogenic land use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 527-528:179-184. [PMID: 25958365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Streams provide ecosystem services to humans that depend on ecosystem functions, such as organic matter breakdown (OMB). OMB can be affected by land use-related disturbance. We measured OMB in 29 low-order streams in a region of contrasting land use in south-west Germany to quantify land use effects on OMB. We deployed fine and coarse mesh leaf bags in streams of forest, agricultural, vinicultural and urban catchments to determine the microbial and invertebrate-mediated OMB, respectively. Furthermore, we monitored physicochemical, geographical and habitat parameters to explain potential differences in OMB among land use types and sites. Only microbial OMB differed between land use types. Microbial OMB was negatively correlated with pH and invertebrate-mediated OMB was positively correlated with tree cover. Generally, OMB responded to stressor gradients rather than directly to land use. Therefore, the monitoring of specific stressors may be more relevant than land use to detect effects on ecosystem functions, and to extrapolate effects on functions, e.g. in the context of assessing ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Voß
- Quantitative Landscape Ecology, Institute for Environmental Science, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - D Fernández
- Quantitative Landscape Ecology, Institute for Environmental Science, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - R B Schäfer
- Quantitative Landscape Ecology, Institute for Environmental Science, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
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47
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Tüzün N, Debecker S, Op de Beeck L, Stoks R. Urbanisation shapes behavioural responses to a pesticide. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 163:81-88. [PMID: 25863029 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The degree of urbanisation is rapidly increasing worldwide. Due to anthropogenic impact, urban populations are exposed to higher levels of contaminants and higher temperatures. Despite this, urbanisation is a largely overlooked spatial component in ecotoxicology. We tested in a common garden rearing experiment whether replicated urban and rural populations of the damselfly Coenagrion puella differ in their vulnerability to sublethal levels of a widespread pesticide, chlorpyrifos, in terms of ecologically relevant behaviours (exploration behaviour, activity, boldness and food intake), and to what extent these patterns are affected by temperature (20 and 24°C). Except boldness, all behaviours were affected by previous pesticide exposure. While the pesticide did not affect exploration behaviour at 20°C, it was associated with increased exploration at 24°C, which may reflect an increased toxicity of chlorpyrifos at higher temperatures. Importantly, rural and urban larvae showed consistently different, sometimes even opposite behavioural responses to pesticide exposure. When exposed to the pesticide, rural larvae decreased activity and food intake at both temperatures; urban larvae instead increased activity at both temperatures and only reduced food intake at the high temperature. This suggests that urban larvae were less affected by the pesticide, which would be consistent with a scenario of local adaptation to higher contaminant levels. Our results highlight that urbanisation may be an important factor to arrive at a spatially explicit ecological risk assessment, and may be an ignored reason why studies on the same species may generate widely different vulnerabilities to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tüzün
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sara Debecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lin Op de Beeck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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48
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Kidd KA. In Response: environmental and biological considerations for active pharmaceutical ingredients in the environment and their effects across multiple biological scales: an academic perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:461-463. [PMID: 25711442 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Kidd
- University of New Brunswick Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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49
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Johnson BM, Lepak JM, Wolff BA. Effects of prey assemblage on mercury bioaccumulation in a piscivorous sport fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 506-507:330-337. [PMID: 25460967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a persistent global contaminant that biomagnifies, often reaching maximum levels in apex predators. Mercury contamination in piscivorous fish is a serious health risk for anglers and other fish consumers. We used data collected from a reservoir in Colorado to develop bioenergetics-based simulations of Hg bioaccumulation to estimate Hg concentrations in walleye (Sander vitreus), a popular sport fish. We evaluated how changes in the prey available to walleye might affect walleye Hg concentrations. Our simulations showed that such changes could result in almost a 10-fold range in walleye Hg concentration. Walleye consuming invertebrates had low growth, low growth efficiency, and high Hg concentrations. Conversely, when walleye diet contained only fish prey their growth and growth efficiency were higher and Hg concentrations were about 85% lower. These predictions were consistent with independent measurements in the study system observed under two different prey regimes in 2008 and 2013. Because prey assemblages in freshwaters can exhibit high natural and anthropogenic variability, understanding variation in predator Hg and providing accurate fish consumption advice to anglers and their families will require frequent monitoring of both predator and prey species. Further, manipulation of prey assemblages is a routine fishery management strategy that could be applied to reduce Hg contamination in piscivorous fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Johnson
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, 1474 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474, USA.
| | - Jesse M Lepak
- Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Aquatic Research Section, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
| | - Brian A Wolff
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, 1474 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1474, USA.
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Wu B, Song J, Li X. Evaluation of potential relationships between benthic community structure and toxic metals in Laizhou Bay. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 87:247-256. [PMID: 25113101 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the relationships between benthic community structure and toxic metals using bivariate/multivariate techniques at 17 sediment locations in Laizhou Bay, North China. Sediment chemical data were evaluated against geochemical background values and sediment quality guidelines, which identified Cu and As as contaminants of concern with a moderate potential for adverse effects. Benthic community data were subjected to non-metric multidimensional scaling, which generated four groups of stations. Spearman rank correlation was then employed to explore the relationships between the major axes of heavy metals and benthic community structure. However, weak and insignificant correlations were found between these axes, indicating that contaminants of concern may not be the primary explanatory factors. Polychaeta were abundant in southern Laizhou Bay, serving as a warning regarding the health status of the ecosystem. Integrated sediment quality assessment showed sediments from northern central locations were impaired, displaying less diverse benthos and higher metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinming Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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