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Zhang Q, Yang G, Luo Y, Jiang L, Chi H, Tian G. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: insights from peripheral immune cells. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:38. [PMID: 38877498 PMCID: PMC11177389 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious brain disorder characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques, tau pathology, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular dysfunction. The presence of chronic neuroinflammation, breaches in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and increased levels of inflammatory mediators are central to the pathogenesis of AD. These factors promote the penetration of immune cells into the brain, potentially exacerbating clinical symptoms and neuronal death in AD patients. While microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in AD, recent evidence suggests the infiltration of cerebral vessels and parenchyma by peripheral immune cells, including neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and monocytes in AD. These cells participate in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, which is expected to play a huge role in future immunotherapy. Given the crucial role of peripheral immune cells in AD, this article seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of their contributions to neuroinflammation in the disease. Understanding the role of these cells in the neuroinflammatory response is vital for developing new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Dal N, Bilici S. An Overview of the Potential Role of Nutrition in Mental Disorders in the Light of Advances in Nutripsychiatry. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:69-81. [PMID: 38329691 PMCID: PMC11133159 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As research on the potential impact of nutrition on mental disorders, a significant component of global disability continues to grow the concepts of "nutritional psychiatry, psycho-dietetics/nutripsychiatry" have taken their place in the literature. This review is a comprehensive examination of the literature on the the potential mechanisms between common mental disorders and nutrition and evaluates the effectiveness of dietary interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammation, oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neural plasticity are shown as potential mechanisms in the relationship between mental disorders and nutrition. As a matter of fact, neurotrophic factors, which make important contributions to repair mechanisms throughout life, and neuronal plasticity, which plays a role in mental disorders, are affected by nutritional factors. In metabolism, the antioxidant defense system works with nutritional cofactors and phytochemicals. A balanced, planned diet that provides these components is more likely to provide nutrients that increase resilience against the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Nutrition can be considered a risk factor for mental disorders. Therefore, developing public health strategies focused on improving diet may help reduce the global burden of mental disorders and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursel Dal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yu Q, Qiu X, Zhong J, Cao C, Liao Y, Zeng Z, Zhang D, Yan C. Structural identification and anti-neuroinflammatory effect of a heteropolysaccharide ATP50-3 from Acorus tatarinowii rhizome. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131254. [PMID: 38565362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Acorus tatarinowii, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, is used for the clinical treatment of memory impairment and dementia. In this research, AT50, the crude polysaccharide extracted from A. tatarinowii rhizome, significantly improved the memory and learning ability of mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and exerted excellent anti-neuroinflammatory effects. More importantly, AT50 returned the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE-2, and IL-6 in AD mouse brains to normal levels. To identify the active ingredients in AT50, a heteropolysaccharide ATP50-3 was obtained from AT50. Structural analysis indicated ATP50-3 consisted of α-L-Araf-(1→, →2)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, α-D-Xylp-(1→, →3,4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→, →3)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-4-OAc-α-D-Galp-(1→, →3,4,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →2,3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →3,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→, and →4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1 → residues and terminated with Xyl and Ara. Additionally, ATP50-3 significantly inhibited the release of proinflammatory factors in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells. ATP50-3 may be an active constituent of AT50, responsible for its anti-neuroinflammatory effects, with great potential to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xian Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuechan Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiwei Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Sanabria-Castro A, Alape-Girón A, Flores-Díaz M, Echeverri-McCandless A, Parajeles-Vindas A. Oxidative stress involvement in the molecular pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis: a literature review. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:355-371. [PMID: 38163257 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune debilitating disease of the central nervous system caused by a mosaic of interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The pathological hallmarks of MS are chronic inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress, a state of imbalance between the production of reactive species and antioxidant defense mechanisms, is considered one of the key contributors in the pathophysiology of MS. This review is a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which oxidant species contribute to the initiation and progression of MS including mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of various signaling pathways, and autoimmune response activation. The detrimental effects of oxidative stress on neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, as well as the role of oxidants in promoting and perpetuating inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage, are discussed. Finally, this review also points out the therapeutic potential of various synthetic antioxidants that must be evaluated in clinical trials in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Sanabria-Castro
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
- Departamento de Farmacología, Toxicología y Farmacodependencia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Alberto Alape-Girón
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Dulce Nombre Vázquez de Coronado, 11103, Costa Rica
| | - Marietta Flores-Díaz
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Dulce Nombre Vázquez de Coronado, 11103, Costa Rica
| | - Ann Echeverri-McCandless
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
| | - Alexander Parajeles-Vindas
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínica Bíblica, San José, 10104, Costa Rica
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Afjadi MN, Dabirmanesh B, Uversky VN. Therapeutic approaches in proteinopathies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 206:341-388. [PMID: 38811085 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A family of maladies known as amyloid disorders, proteinopathy, or amyloidosis, are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates containing cross-β-sheet amyloid fibrils in many organs and tissues. Often, proteins that have been improperly formed or folded make up these fibrils. Nowadays, most treatments for amyloid illness focus on managing symptoms rather than curing or preventing the underlying disease process. However, recent advances in our understanding of the biology of amyloid diseases have led to the development of innovative therapies that target the emergence and accumulation of amyloid fibrils. Examples of these treatments include the use of small compounds, monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and others. In the end, even if the majority of therapies for amyloid diseases are symptomatic, greater research into the biology behind these disorders is identifying new targets for potential therapy and paving the way for the development of more effective treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Dabirmanesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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Brown GC, Heneka MT. The endotoxin hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:30. [PMID: 38561809 PMCID: PMC10983749 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes much of the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, and if LPS enters the human body or brain can induce inflammation and act as an endotoxin. We outline the hypothesis here that LPS may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via peripheral infections or gut dysfunction elevating LPS levels in blood and brain, which promotes: amyloid pathology, tau pathology and microglial activation, contributing to the neurodegeneration of AD. The evidence supporting this hypothesis includes: i) blood and brain levels of LPS are elevated in AD patients, ii) AD risk factors increase LPS levels or response, iii) LPS induces Aβ expression, aggregation, inflammation and neurotoxicity, iv) LPS induces TAU phosphorylation, aggregation and spreading, v) LPS induces microglial priming, activation and neurotoxicity, and vi) blood LPS induces loss of synapses, neurons and memory in AD mouse models, and cognitive dysfunction in humans. However, to test the hypothesis, it is necessary to test whether reducing blood LPS reduces AD risk or progression. If the LPS endotoxin hypothesis is correct, then treatments might include: reducing infections, changing gut microbiome, reducing leaky gut, decreasing blood LPS, or blocking LPS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Zheng H, Liu Q, Zhou S, Luo H, Zhang W. Role and therapeutic targets of P2X7 receptors in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345625. [PMID: 38370420 PMCID: PMC10869479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a non-selective cation channel modulated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), localizes to microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons in the central nervous system, with the most incredible abundance in microglia. P2X7R partake in various signaling pathways, engaging in the immune response, the release of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, cell division, and programmed cell death. When neurodegenerative diseases result in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, ATP activates the P2X7R. This activation induces the release of biologically active molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxic glutamate/ATP. Subsequently, this leads to neuroinflammation, which exacerbates neuronal involvement. The P2X7R is essential in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This implies that it has potential as a drug target and could be treated using P2X7R antagonists that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. This review will comprehensively and objectively discuss recent research breakthroughs on P2X7R genes, their structural features, functional properties, signaling pathways, and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Zheng
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Zhao T, Jia J. Polygalacic acid attenuates cognitive impairment by regulating inflammation through PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14581. [PMID: 38421141 PMCID: PMC10851321 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of polygalacic acid (PA) extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Polygala tenuifolia in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the potential targets and pathways of PA. Molecular docking was applied to analyze the combination between PA and core targets. Aβ42 oligomer-induced AD mice model and microglia were used to detect the effect of PA on the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and its further mechanism. In addition, a co-culture system of microglia and neuronal cells was constructed to assess the effect of PA on activating microglia-mediated neuronal apoptosis. RESULTS We predict that PA might regulate inflammation by targeting PPARγ-mediated pathways by using network pharmacology. In vivo study, PA could attenuate cognitive deficits and inhibit the expression levels of inflammation-related factors. In vitro study, PA can also decrease the production of activated microglia-mediated inflammatory cytokines and reduce the apoptosis of N2a neuronal cells. PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 inversed the neuroprotective effect of PA. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed PA might attenuate the inflammation through the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS PA is expected to provide a valuable candidate for new drug development for AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Zhao
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive DisordersBeijingChina
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory ImpairmentCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Alzheimer's DiseaseBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
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Wang XY, He SS, Zhou MM, Li XR, Wang CC, Zhao YC, Xue CH, Che HX. EPA and DHA Alleviated Chronic Dextran Sulfate Sodium Exposure-Induced Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice and Potential Mechanisms Involved. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:76. [PMID: 38393047 PMCID: PMC10890276 DOI: 10.3390/md22020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have higher rates of depression. However, the mechanism of depression development remains unclear. The improvements of EPA and DHA on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC have been verified. Therefore, the present study mainly focused on the effects of EPA and DHA on UC-induced depression in C57BL/6 mice and the possible mechanisms involved. A forced swimming test and tail suspension experiment showed that EPA and DHA significantly improved DSS-induced depressive-like behavior. Further analysis demonstrated that EPA and DHA could significantly suppress the inflammation response of the gut and brain by regulating the NLRP3/ASC signal pathway. Moreover, intestine and brain barriers were maintained by enhancing ZO-1 and occludin expression. In addition, EPA and DHA also increased the serotonin (5-HT) concentration and synaptic proteins. Interestingly, EPA and DHA treatments increased the proportion of dominant bacteria, alpha diversity, and beta diversity. In conclusion, oral administration of EPA and DHA alleviated UC-induced depressive-like behavior in mice by modulating the inflammation, maintaining the mucosal and brain barriers, suppressing neuronal damage and reverting microbiota changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yu Wang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.-Y.W.); (S.-S.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (X.-R.L.)
| | - Shu-Sen He
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.-Y.W.); (S.-S.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (X.-R.L.)
| | - Miao-Miao Zhou
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.-Y.W.); (S.-S.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (X.-R.L.)
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.-Y.W.); (S.-S.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (X.-R.L.)
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-C.Z.)
| | - Ying-Cai Zhao
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-C.Z.)
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-C.Z.)
| | - Hong-Xia Che
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.-Y.W.); (S.-S.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (X.-R.L.)
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Dong H, Dai X, Zhou Y, Shi C, Bhuiyan P, Sun Z, Li N, Jin W. Enhanced meningeal lymphatic drainage ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury in aged mice. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:36. [PMID: 38287311 PMCID: PMC10826026 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is an acute cerebral dysfunction caused by sepsis. Neuroinflammation induced by sepsis is considered a potential mechanism of SAE; however, very little is known about the role of the meningeal lymphatic system in SAE. METHODS Sepsis was established in male C57BL/6J mice by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide, and the function of meningeal lymphatic drainage was assessed. Adeno-associated virus 1-vascular endothelial growth factor C (AAV1-VEGF-C) was injected into the cisterna magna to induce meningeal lymphangiogenesis. Ligation of deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) was performed to induce pre-existing meningeal lymphatic dysfunction. Cognitive function was evaluated by a fear conditioning test, and inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The aged mice with SAE showed a significant decrease in the drainage of OVA-647 into the dCLNs and the coverage of the Lyve-1 in the meningeal lymphatic, indicating that sepsis impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage and morphology. The meningeal lymphatic function of aged mice was more vulnerable to sepsis in comparison to young mice. Sepsis also decreased the protein levels of caspase-3 and PSD95, which was accompanied by reductions in the activity of hippocampal neurons. Microglia were significantly activated in the hippocampus of SAE mice, which was accompanied by an increase in neuroinflammation, as indicated by increases in interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and Iba1 expression. Cognitive function was impaired in aged mice with SAE. However, the injection of AAV1-VEGF-C significantly increased coverage in the lymphatic system and tracer dye uptake in dCLNs, suggesting that AAV1-VEGF-C promotes meningeal lymphangiogenesis and drainage. Furthermore, AAV1-VEGF-C reduced microglial activation and neuroinflammation and improved cognitive dysfunction. Improvement of meningeal lymphatics also reduced sepsis-induced expression of disease-associated genes in aged mice. Pre-existing lymphatic dysfunction by ligating bilateral dCLNs aggravated sepsis-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION The meningeal lymphatic drainage is damaged in sepsis, and pre-existing defects in this drainage system exacerbate SAE-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. Promoting meningeal lymphatic drainage improves SAE. Manipulation of meningeal lymphangiogenesis could be a new strategy for the treatment of SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaonan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chonglong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhaochu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Nana Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Sharo C, Zhai T, Huang Z. Investigation of Potential Drug Targets Involved in Inflammation Contributing to Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:137. [PMID: 38276010 PMCID: PMC10819325 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has become a major public health issue. While extensive research has been conducted in the last few decades, few drugs have been approved by the FDA to treat Alzheimer's disease. There is still an urgent need for understanding the disease pathogenesis, as well as identifying new drug targets for further drug discovery. Alzheimer's disease is known to arise from a build-up of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques as well as tangles of tau proteins. Along similar lines to Alzheimer's disease, inflammation in the brain is known to stem from the degeneration of tissue and build-up of insoluble materials. A minireview was conducted in this work assessing the genes, proteins, reactions, and pathways that link brain inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Existing tools in Systems Biology were implemented to build protein interaction networks, mainly for the classical complement pathway and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), to rank the protein targets according to their interactions. The top 10 protein targets were mainly from the classical complement pathway. With the consideration of existing clinical trials and crystal structures, proteins C5AR1 and GARBG1 were identified as the best targets for further drug discovery, through computational approaches like ligand-protein docking techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zuyi Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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Zhang H, Cai W, Dong L, Yang Q, Li Q, Ran Q, Liu L, Wang Y, Li Y, Weng X, Zhu X, Chen Y. Jiaohong pills attenuate neuroinflammation and amyloid-β protein-induced cognitive deficits by modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa-B pathway. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38177948 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jiaohong pills (JHP) consist of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli (PZ) and Radix Rehmanniae, two herbs that have been extensively investigated over many years due to their potential protective effects against cognitive decline and memory impairment. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects remain elusive. Here, research studies were conducted to investigate and validate the therapeutic effects of JHP on Alzheimer's disease. METHODS BV-2 cell inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide. AD mice were administered amyloid-β (Aβ). Behavioral experiments were used to evaluate learning and memory ability. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the phosphorylation level of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were detected using Western blot. Nissl staining was used to detect neuronal degeneration. RESULTS The results demonstrated that an alcoholic extract of PZ significantly decreased the levels of NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS; increased the expression level of IL-10; and significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of MAPK and NF-κB. These inhibitory effects were further confirmed in the AD mouse model. Meanwhile, JHP improved learning and memory function in AD mice, reduced neuronal damage, and enriched the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus. Moreover, IL-1β and TNF-α in the cortex were significantly downregulated after JHP administration, whereas IL-10 showed increased expression. CONCLUSIONS It was found that JHP reduced neuroinflammatory response in AD mice by targeting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijinchuan Dong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsen Ran
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Yedke NG, Kumar P. The Neuroprotective Role of BCG Vaccine in Movement Disorders: A Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:30-38. [PMID: 36567299 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666221223142813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the first developed vaccine to prevent tuberculosis (TB) and is the world's most widely used vaccine. It has a reconcilable defense in opposition to tuberculosis, meningitis, and miliary disease in children but changeable protection against pulmonary TB. Immune activation is responsible for regulating neural development by activating it. The effect of the BCG vaccine on neuronal disorders due to subordinate immune provocation is useful. BCG vaccine can prevent neuronal degeneration in different neurological disorders by provoking auto-reactive T-cells. In the case of TB, CD4+ T-cells effectively protect the immune response by protecting the central defense. Because of the preceding fact, BCG induces protection by creating precise T-cells like CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells. Hence, vaccination-induced protection generates specific T-cells and CD4+ T-cells, and CD8+ T-cells. The BCG vaccine may have an essential effect on motor disorders and play a crucial role in neuroprotective management. The present review describes how the BCG vaccine might be interrelated with motor disorders and play a key role in such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narhari Gangaram Yedke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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14
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Taheri M, Bahrami A, Asadi KK, Mohammadi M, Molaei P, Hashemi M, Nouri F. A review on nonviral, nonbacterial infectious agents toxicity involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2023; 13:351-369. [PMID: 38357803 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2023-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal death, decreased activity or dysfunction of neurotransmitters are some of the pathophysiological reasons for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis. Also, there is evidence for the role of infections and infectious agents in neurodegenerative diseases and the effect of some metabolites in microorganisms in the pathophysiology of these diseases. In this study, we intend to evaluate the existing studies on the role of infectious agents and their metabolites on the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science search engines were searched. Some infectious agents have been observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Also, isolations of some fungi and microalgae have an improving effect on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taheri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Kiana Kimiaei Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pejman Molaei
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science & Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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15
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Shao S, Li R, Wang K, Xia W, Cui B, Li S. Ilexchinene, a new seco-ursane triterpenoid from the leaves of Ilex chinensis with therapeutic effect on neuroinflammation by attenuating the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155110. [PMID: 37776618 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is a vital factor participating in the whole pathogenetic process of diverse neurodegenerative disorders, but accessible clinical drugs are still insufficient due to their inefficacy and side effects. Triterpenoids are reported to possess potential anti-neuroinflammatory activities, and the leaves of Ilex chinensis are a commonly used herbal medicine containing many ursane-type and oleanane-type triterpenoids. However, the novel triterpenoids from I. chinensis and their underlying mechanisms are still elusive. PURPOSE To isolate novel seco-ursane triterpenoids with anti-neuroinflammatory effects from the leaves of I. chinensis and reveal their underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The novel compound was purified by column chromatography and identified by comprehensive spectroscopic experiments. The LPS-induced BV-2 cell model and LPS-induced acute murine brain inflammation model were used to assess the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of the structure and further understand its underlying mechanisms by cell viability, ELISA, Western blot analysis, qRT‒PCR analysis, behavior analysis, H&E staining, and immunofluorescence staining experiments. RESULTS Ilexchinene is a novel ursane-type triterpenoid with a rare 18,19-seco-ring skeleton that was first isolated and identified from I. chinensis. Ilexchinene evidently reduced the overexpression of inflammatory substances in vitro. A mechanistic study suggested that ilexchinene could decrease NF-κB activation to prevent the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the early neuroinflammatory response; in addition, it could prevent the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. In vivo, ilexchinene remarkably improved LPS-induced mouse behavioral deficits and diminished the number of overactivated microglial cells. Furthermore, ilexchinene evidently diminished the overexpression of inflammatory substances in mouse brains. A mechanistic study confirmed that ilexchinene markedly suppressed the MAPK/NF-κB pathway to relieve the neuroinflammatory response. CONCLUSION We identified a novel 18,19-seco-ursane triterpenoid from the leaves of I. chinensis and revealed its underlying mechanism of neuroinflammation for the first time. These findings suggest that ilexchinene might possess promising therapeutic effects in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ruofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenqi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baosong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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16
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Dong L, Jiang N, Bai J, Li Y, Song Z, Liu X, Zhang C. Neuroprotective Effects of Dammarane Sapogenins Against lipopolysaccharide-induced Cognitive Impairment, Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Dysfunction. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3525-3537. [PMID: 37490197 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a critical driver in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Dammarane sapogenins (DS), a deglycosylated product of ginsenoside, possess a variety of potent biological activities. The present study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of DS in a rat model of neuroinflammation induced by intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our study revealed that DS pretreatment effectively improved LPS-induced associative learning and memory impairments in the active avoidance response test and spatial learning and memory in Morris water maze test. DS also remarkably inhibited LPS-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing microglia overactivation, pro-inflammatory cytok ine release (TNF-α and IL-1β) and reducing neuronal loss in the CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus. Importantly, pretreatment with DS reversed LPS-induced upregulation of HMGB1 and TLR4 and inhibited their downstream NF-κB signaling activation, as evidenced by increased IκBα and decreased p-NF-κB p65 levels. Furthermore, DS ameliorated LPS-induced synaptic dysfunction by decreasing MMP-9 and increasing NMDAR1 expression in the hippocampus. Taken together, this study suggests that DS could be a promising treatment for preventing cognitive impairments caused by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yiman Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhihui Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
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17
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Zhu Y, Feng W, Kong Q, Sheng F, Li Z, Xu W, Li Q, Han Y, Wu X, Jia C, Guo J, Zhao Y. Evaluating the effects of S-ketamine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients following total hip or knee arthroplasty under intraspinal anesthesia: a single-center randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pragmatic study protocol. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1298661. [PMID: 38099265 PMCID: PMC10720081 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1298661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Postoperative delirium (POD) is an acute, transient brain disorder associated with decreased postoperative quality of life, dementia, neurocognitive changes, and mortality. A small number of trials have explored the role of S-ketamine in the treatment of POD due to its neuroprotective effects. Surprisingly, these trials have failed to yield supportive results. However, heterogeneity in delirium assessment methodologies, sample sizes, and outcome settings as well as deficiencies in S-ketamine use methods make the evidence provided by these studies less persuasive. Given the severe impact of POD on the health of elderly patients and the potential for S-ketamine to prevent it, we believe that designing a large sample size, and rigorous randomized controlled trial for further evaluation is necessary. Methods This is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pragmatic study. Subjects undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to intervention (n = 186) and placebo (n = 186) groups. This trial aims to explore the potential role of S-ketamine in the prevention of POD. Its primary outcome is the incidence of POD within 3 postoperative days. Secondary outcomes include the number of POD episodes, the onset and duration of POD, the severity and subtype of POD, pain scores and opioid consumption, sleep quality, clinical outcomes, and safety outcomes. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first pragmatic study that proposes to use S-ketamine to prevent POD. We reviewed a large body of literature to identify potential preoperative confounding variables that may bias associations between the intervention and primary outcome. We will use advanced statistical methods to correct potential confounding variables, improving the test's power and external validity of test results. Of note, the patient population included in this trial will undergo intraspinal anesthesia. Although large, multicenter, randomized controlled studies have found no considerable difference in the effects of regional and general anesthesia on POD, patients receiving intraspinal anesthesia have less exposure to at-risk drugs, such as sevoflurane, propofol, and benzodiazepines, than patients receiving general anesthesia. At-risk drugs have been shown to negatively interfere with the neuroprotective effects of S-ketamine, which may be the reason for the failure of a large number of previous studies. There is currently a lack of randomized controlled studies evaluating S-ketamine for POD prevention, and our trial helps to fill a gap in this area.Trial registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300075796.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhuang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qinghan Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fang Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Weilong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Changxin Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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18
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Delaveris C, Wang CL, Riley NM, Li S, Kulkarni RU, Bertozzi CR. Microglia Mediate Contact-Independent Neuronal Network Remodeling via Secreted Neuraminidase-3 Associated with Extracellular Vesicles. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2108-2114. [PMID: 38033791 PMCID: PMC10683476 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurons communicate with each other through electrochemical transmission at synapses. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, modulate this communication through a variety of contact-dependent and -independent means. Microglial secretion of active sialidase enzymes upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli is one unexplored mechanism of modulation. Recent work from our lab showed that treatment of neurons with bacterial sialidases disrupts neuronal network connectivity. Here, we find that activated microglia secrete neuraminidase-3 (Neu3) associated with fusogenic extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, we show that Neu3 mediates contact-independent disruption of neuronal network synchronicity through neuronal glycocalyx remodeling. We observe that NEU3 is transcriptionally upregulated upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli and that a genetic knockout of NEU3 abrogates the sialidase activity of inflammatory microglial secretions. Moreover, we demonstrate that Neu3 is associated with a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles, possibly exosomes, that are secreted by microglia upon inflammatory insult. Finally, we demonstrate that Neu3 is necessary and sufficient to both desialylate neurons and decrease neuronal network connectivity. These results implicate Neu3 in remodeling of the glycocalyx leading to aberrant network-level activity of neurons, with implications in neuroinflammatory diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corleone
S. Delaveris
- Department
of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Catherine L. Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Riley
- Department
of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sherry Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rishikesh U. Kulkarni
- Department
of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department
of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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19
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Chu CH, Chen JS, Chan YL, Lu WJ, Huang YT, Mao PC, Sze CI, Sun HS. TIAM2S-positive microglia enhance inflammation and neurotoxicity through soluble ICAM-1-mediated immune priming. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23242. [PMID: 37801065 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300462rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
TIAM Rac1-associated GEF 2 short form (TIAM2S) as an oncoprotein alters the immunity of peripheral immune cells to construct an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. However, its role in the activation of microglia, the primary innate immune cells of the brain, and neuroinflammation remains unknown. This study investigated the mechanism underlying TIAM2S shapes immune properties of microglia to facilitate neuron damage. Human microglial clone 3 cell line (HMC3) and human brain samples were applied to determine the presence of TIAM2S in microglia by western blots and double immunostaining. Furthermore, TIAM2S transgenic mice combined with multiple reconstituted primary neuron-glial culture systems and a cytokine array were performed to explore how TIAM2S shaped immune priming of microglia and participated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuron damage. TIAM2S protein was detectable in HMC3 cells and presented in a small portion (~11.1%) of microglia in human brains referred to as TIAM2S-positive microglia. With the property of secreted soluble factor-mediated immune priming, TIAM2S-positive microglia enhanced LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neural damage in vivo and in vitro. The gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) participated in neurotoxic immune priming of TIAM2S+ microglia. Together, this study demonstrated a novel TIAM2S-positive microglia subpopulation enhances inflammation and neurotoxicity through sICAM-1-mediated immune priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shing Chen
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Lu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Te Huang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Cheng Mao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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20
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Elguero JE, Liu G, Tiemeyer K, Bandyadka S, Gandevia H, Duro L, Yan Z, McCall K. Defective phagocytosis leads to neurodegeneration through systemic increased innate immune signaling. iScience 2023; 26:108052. [PMID: 37854687 PMCID: PMC10579427 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In nervous system development, disease, and injury, neurons undergo programmed cell death, leaving behind cell corpses that are removed by phagocytic glia. Altered glial phagocytosis has been implicated in several neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease. To untangle the links between glial phagocytosis and neurodegeneration, we investigated Drosophila mutants lacking the phagocytic receptor Draper. Loss of Draper leads to persistent neuronal cell corpses and age-dependent neurodegeneration. Here we investigate whether the phagocytic defects observed in draper mutants lead to chronic increased immune activation that promotes neurodegeneration. We found that the antimicrobial peptide Attacin-A is highly upregulated in the fat body of aged draper mutants and that the inhibition of the Immune deficiency (Imd) pathway in the glia and fat body of draper mutants led to reduced neurodegeneration. Taken together, these findings indicate that phagocytic defects lead to neurodegeneration via increased immune signaling, both systemically and locally in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny E. Elguero
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guangmei Liu
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine Tiemeyer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shruthi Bandyadka
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heena Gandevia
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren Duro
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhenhao Yan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly McCall
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Wu R, Wang Z, Jia Z, Li C, Wang J, Liu L, Dong M. Identification of hybrid amyloid strains assembled from amyloid- βand human islet amyloid polypeptide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:505101. [PMID: 37625382 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf3ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cross-fibrillation of amyloid-β(Aβ) peptides and human islet amyloid polypeptides (hIAPP) has revealed a close correlation between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Importantly, different amyloid strains are likely to lead to the clinical pathological heterogeneity of degenerative diseases due to toxicity. However, given the complicated cross-interactions between different amyloid peptides, it is still challenging to identify the polymorphism of the hybrid amyloid strains and reveal mechanistic insights into aggregation, but highly anticipated due to their significance. In this study, we investigated the cross-fibrillation of Aβpeptides and different hIAPP species (monomers, oligomers, and fibrils) using combined experimental and simulation approaches. Cross-seeding and propagation of different amyloid peptides monitored by experimental techniques proved that the three species of hIAPP aggregates have successively enhanced Aβfibrillation, especially for hIAPP fibrils. Moreover, the polymorphism of these morphologically similar hybrid amyloid strains could be distinguished by testing their mechanical properties using quantitative nanomechanical mapping, where the assemblies of Aβ-hIAPP fibrils exhibited the high Young's modulus. Furthermore, the enhanced internal molecular interactions andβ-sheet structural transformation were proved by exploring the conformational ensembles of Aβ-hIAPP heterodimer and Aβ-hIAPP decamer using molecular dynamic simulations. Our findings pave the way for identifying different hybrid amyloid strains by quantitative nanomechanical mapping and molecular dynamic simulations, which is important not only for the precise classification of neurodegenerative disease subtypes but also for future molecular diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of multiple interrelated degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengkai Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Jia
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Aarhus University, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
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22
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Nutma E, Fancy N, Weinert M, Tsartsalis S, Marzin MC, Muirhead RCJ, Falk I, Breur M, de Bruin J, Hollaus D, Pieterman R, Anink J, Story D, Chandran S, Tang J, Trolese MC, Saito T, Saido TC, Wiltshire KH, Beltran-Lobo P, Phillips A, Antel J, Healy L, Dorion MF, Galloway DA, Benoit RY, Amossé Q, Ceyzériat K, Badina AM, Kövari E, Bendotti C, Aronica E, Radulescu CI, Wong JH, Barron AM, Smith AM, Barnes SJ, Hampton DW, van der Valk P, Jacobson S, Howell OW, Baker D, Kipp M, Kaddatz H, Tournier BB, Millet P, Matthews PM, Moore CS, Amor S, Owen DR. Translocator protein is a marker of activated microglia in rodent models but not human neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5247. [PMID: 37640701 PMCID: PMC10462763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation plays central roles in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) targeting 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is widely used for localising inflammation in vivo, but its quantitative interpretation remains uncertain. We show that TSPO expression increases in activated microglia in mouse brain disease models but does not change in a non-human primate disease model or in common neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory human diseases. We describe genetic divergence in the TSPO gene promoter, consistent with the hypothesis that the increase in TSPO expression in activated myeloid cells depends on the transcription factor AP1 and is unique to a subset of rodent species within the Muroidea superfamily. Finally, we identify LCP2 and TFEC as potential markers of microglial activation in humans. These data emphasise that TSPO expression in human myeloid cells is related to different phenomena than in mice, and that TSPO-PET signals in humans reflect the density of inflammatory cells rather than activation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nutma
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Nurun Fancy
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Weinert
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stergios Tsartsalis
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Marzin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C J Muirhead
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Irene Falk
- Viral Immunology Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joy de Bruin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Hollaus
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Pieterman
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Story
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Jiabin Tang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria C Trolese
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Paula Beltran-Lobo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Phillips
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luke Healy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-France Dorion
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Dylan A Galloway
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Rochelle Y Benoit
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Quentin Amossé
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ceyzériat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Enikö Kövari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jia Hui Wong
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna M Barron
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy M Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Samuel J Barnes
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Owain W Howell
- Institute of Life Science (ILS), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - David Baker
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hannes Kaddatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Millet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - David R Owen
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK.
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23
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Delaveris CS, Wang CL, Riley NM, Li S, Kulkarni RU, Bertozzi CR. Microglia mediate contact-independent neuronal pruning via secreted Neuraminidase-3 associated with extracellular vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.554214. [PMID: 37662421 PMCID: PMC10473657 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.554214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurons communicate with each other through electrochemical transmission at synapses. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, can prune these synapses through a variety of contact-dependent and -independent means. Microglial secretion of active sialidase enzymes upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli is one unexplored mechanism of pruning. Recent work from our lab showed that treatment of neurons with bacterial sialidases disrupts neuronal network connectivity. Here, we find that activated microglia secrete Neuraminidase-3 (Neu3) associated with fusogenic extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, we show Neu3 mediates contact-independent pruning of neurons and subsequent disruption of neuronal networks through neuronal glycocalyx remodeling. We observe that NEU3 is transcriptionally upregulated upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, and that a genetic knock-out of NEU3 abrogates the sialidase activity of inflammatory microglial secretions. Moreover, we demonstrate that Neu3 is associated with a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles, possibly exosomes, that are secreted by microglia upon inflammatory insult. Finally, we demonstrate that Neu3 is both necessary and sufficient to both desialylate neurons and decrease neuronal network connectivity. These results implicate Neu3 in remodeling of the glycocalyx leading to aberrant network-level activity of neurons, with implications in neuroinflammatory diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corleone S. Delaveris
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine L. Wang
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Riley
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sherry Li
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rishikesh U. Kulkarni
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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24
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Saresella M, Marventano I, Piancone F, Bolognesi E, Hernis A, Zanzottera M, La Rosa F, Agliardi C, Giraldo S, Chiappedi M, Guerini FR, Clerici M. Alterations of natural killer cells activatory molecules phenotype and function in mothers of ASD children: a pilot study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190925. [PMID: 37545517 PMCID: PMC10398568 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is accompanied by complex immune alterations and inflammation, and the possible role played by Natural Killer (NK) in such alterations is only barely understood. Methods To address this question we analysed activating and inhibitory NK receptors, as well as NK cells phenotype and function in a group of mothers of children who developed ASD (ASD-MO; N=24) comparing results to those obtained in mothers of healthy children who did not develop (HC-MO; N=25). Results Results showed that in ASD-MO compared to HC-MO: 1) NK cells expressing the inhibitory receptor ILT2 are significantly decreased; 2) the activating HLA-G14bp+ polymorphism is more frequently observed and is correlated with the decrease of ILT2-expressing cells; 3) the CD56bright and CD56dim NK subsets are increased; 4) IFNγ and TNF production is reduced; and 5) perforin- and granzymes-releasing NK cells are increased even in unstimulated conditions and could not be upregulated by mitogenic stimulation. Discussion Results herein reinforce the hypothesis that ASD relatives present traits similar to, but not as severe as the defining features of ASD (Autism endophenotype) and identify a role for NK cells impairment in generating the inflammatory milieu that is observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ambra Hernis
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Matteo Chiappedi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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25
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Fulop T, Ramassamy C, Lévesque S, Frost EH, Laurent B, Lacombe G, Khalil A, Larbi A, Hirokawa K, Desroches M, Rodrigues S, Bourgade K, Cohen AA, Witkowski JM. Viruses - a major cause of amyloid deposition in the brain. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:775-790. [PMID: 37551672 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2244162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a syndrome with a spectrum of various cognitive disorders. There is a complete dissociation between the pathology and the clinical presentation. Therefore, we need a disruptive new approach to be able to prevent and treat AD. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors extensively discuss the evidence why the amyloid beta is not the pathological cause of AD which makes therefore the amyloid hypothesis not sustainable anymore. They review the experimental evidence underlying the role of microbes, especially that of viruses, as a trigger/cause for the production of amyloid beta leading to the establishment of a chronic neuroinflammation as the mediator manifesting decades later by AD as a clinical spectrum. In this context, the emergence and consequences of the infection/antimicrobial protection hypothesis are described. The epidemiological and clinical data supporting this hypothesis are also analyzed. EXPERT OPINION For decades, we have known that viruses are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. This discovery was ignored and discarded for a long time. Now we should accept this fact, which is not a hypothesis anymore, and stimulate the research community to come up with new ideas, new treatments, and new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Simon Lévesque
- CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie Et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et des Sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric H Frost
- Département de Microbiologie Et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et des Sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Lacombe
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Abedelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo Medical Dental University, Tokyo and Nito-Memory Nakanosogo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, Biot, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, BCAM, the Basque Foundation for Science and BCAM - The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karine Bourgade
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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26
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Brown GC, Camacho M, Williams‐Gray CH. The Endotoxin Hypothesis of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1143-1155. [PMID: 37157885 PMCID: PMC10947365 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The endotoxin hypothesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the idea that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of this disorder. LPS endotoxins are found in, and released from, the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, for example in the gut. It is proposed that gut dysfunction in early PD leads to elevated LPS levels in the gut wall and blood, which promotes both α-synuclein aggregation in the enteric neurons and a peripheral inflammatory response. Communication to the brain via circulating LPS and cytokines in the blood and/or the gut-brain axis leads to neuroinflammation and spreading of α-synuclein pathology, exacerbating neurodegeneration in brainstem nuclei and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and manifesting in the clinical symptoms of PD. The evidence supporting this hypothesis includes: (1) gut dysfunction, permeability, and bacterial changes occur early in PD, (2) serum levels of LPS are increased in a proportion of PD patients, (3) LPS induces α-synuclein expression, aggregation, and neurotoxicity, (4) LPS causes activation of peripheral monocytes leading to inflammatory cytokine production, and (5) blood LPS causes brain inflammation and specific loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, mediated by microglia. If the hypothesis is correct, then treatment options might include: (1) changing the gut microbiome, (2) reducing gut permeability, (3) reducing circulating LPS levels, or (4) blocking the response of immune cells and microglia to LPS. However, the hypothesis has a number of limitations and requires further testing, in particular whether reducing LPS levels can reduce PD incidence, progression, or severity. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C. Brown
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marta Camacho
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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27
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Mueller C, Szaflarski JP. White matter microstructure and serum biomarkers of inflammation in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 39:103462. [PMID: 37413772 PMCID: PMC10509528 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). However, it is unclear whether and to what degree comorbid psychiatric symptoms explain this association. In this study, we investigated the neuroinflammatory signature of PNES and how it compares to that of people with psychiatric conditions (PwPCs). METHODS We prospectively assessed differences in neurite density (NDI), orientation dispersion (ODI), and isotropic diffusion (F-ISO) in 23 participants with PNES and 27 PwPCs, and their relationships to serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interleukin (IL)-6, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 using voxelwise multiple linear regressions. Pearson correlations between serum biomarkers and clinical symptoms were also obtained. RESULTS There were no white matter (WM) microstructural differences between groups. In PNES, TNF-R1 was negatively associated with NDI in the right uncinate fasciculus (UF) and positively associated with F-ISO in the left UF. IL-6 was positively associated with NDI and negatively with F-ISO in the left UF. ICAM-1 was positively associated with ODI in the left UF. TNF-α was negatively associated with ODI in the left cingulum bundle. The opposite relationships were observed in PwPCs. Higher TNF-R1 was associated with higher depression, anxiety, lower emotional quality of life, and higher levels of disability in PNES. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we report relationships between peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and WM integrity in PNES, including abnormalities in the UF and cingulum bundle. Our results suggest that serum biomarkers of inflammation may, with additional studies, become a useful aid to PNES diagnosis, especially in settings where video-EEG is not available. The lack of group differences in WM microstructure suggests that previously identified WM abnormalities in PNES versus healthy controls may be related to psychological comorbidities of PNES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mueller
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA; Departments of Neurobiology and Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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28
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Danziger R, Fuchs DT, Koronyo Y, Rentsendorj A, Sheyn J, Hayden EY, Teplow DB, Black KL, Fuchs S, Bernstein KE, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. The effects of enhancing angiotensin converting enzyme in myelomonocytes on ameliorating Alzheimer's-related disease and preserving cognition. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1179315. [PMID: 37427403 PMCID: PMC10326285 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1179315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its potential therapeutic value. ACE is known to degrade the neurotoxic 42-residue long alloform of amyloid β-protein (Aβ42), a peptide strongly associated with AD. Previous studies in mice, demonstrated that targeted overexpression of ACE in CD115+ myelomonocytic cells (ACE10 models) improved their immune responses to effectively reduce viral and bacterial infection, tumor growth, and atherosclerotic plaque. We further demonstrated that introducing ACE10 myelomonocytes (microglia and peripheral monocytes) into the double transgenic APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 murine model of AD (AD+ mice), diminished neuropathology and enhanced the cognitive functions. These beneficial effects were dependent on ACE catalytic activity and vanished when ACE was pharmacologically blocked. Moreover, we revealed that the therapeutic effects in AD+ mice can be achieved by enhancing ACE expression in bone marrow (BM)-derived CD115+ monocytes alone, without targeting central nervous system (CNS) resident microglia. Following blood enrichment with CD115+ ACE10-monocytes versus wild-type (WT) monocytes, AD+ mice had reduced cerebral vascular and parenchymal Aβ burden, limited microgliosis and astrogliosis, as well as improved synaptic and cognitive preservation. CD115+ ACE10-versus WT-monocyte-derived macrophages (Mo/MΦ) were recruited in higher numbers to the brains of AD+ mice, homing to Aβ plaque lesions and exhibiting a highly Aβ-phagocytic and anti-inflammatory phenotype (reduced TNFα/iNOS and increased MMP-9/IGF-1). Moreover, BM-derived ACE10-Mo/MΦ cultures had enhanced capability to phagocytose Aβ42 fibrils, prion-rod-like, and soluble oligomeric forms that was associated with elongated cell morphology and expression of surface scavenger receptors (i.e., CD36, Scara-1). This review explores the emerging evidence behind the role of ACE in AD, the neuroprotective properties of monocytes overexpressing ACE and the therapeutic potential for exploiting this natural mechanism for ameliorating AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Danziger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dieu-Trang Fuchs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric Y. Hayden
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David B. Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sebastien Fuchs
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth E. Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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29
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Ruhnau J, Müller J, Nowak S, Strack S, Sperlich D, Pohl A, Dilz J, Saar A, Veser Y, Behr F, Rehberg S, Usichenko T, Hahnenkamp K, Ehler J, Flöel A, Schroeder HWS, Müller JU, Fleischmann R, Vogelgesang A. Serum Biomarkers of a Pro-Neuroinflammatory State May Define the Pre-Operative Risk for Postoperative Delirium in Spine Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10335. [PMID: 37373482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in spine surgery enable technically safe interventions in older patients with disabling spine disease, yet postoperative delirium (POD) poses a serious risk for postoperative recovery. This study investigates biomarkers of pro-neuroinflammatory states that may help objectively define the pre-operative risk for POD. This study enrolled patients aged ≥60 scheduled for elective spine surgery under general anesthesia. Biomarkers for a pro-neuroinflammatory state included S100 calcium-binding protein β (S100β), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Gasdermin D, and the soluble ectodomain of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2). Postoperative changes of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed as markers of systemic inflammation preoperatively, intraoperatively, and early postoperatively (up to 48 h). Patients with POD (n = 19, 75.7 ± 5.8 years) had higher pre-operative levels of sTREM2 (128.2 ± 69.4 pg/mL vs. 97.2 ± 52.0 pg/mL, p = 0.049) and Gasdermin D (2.9 ± 1.6 pg/mL vs. 2.1 ± 1.4 pg/mL, p = 0.29) than those without POD (n = 25, 75.6 ± 5.1 years). STREM2 was additionally a predictor for POD (OR = 1.01/(pg/mL) [1.00-1.03], p = 0.05), moderated by IL-6 (Wald-χ2 = 4.06, p = 0.04). Patients with POD additionally showed a significant increase in IL-6, IL-1β, and S100β levels on the first postoperative day. This study identified higher levels of sTREM2 and Gasdermin D as potential markers of a pro-neuroinflammatory state that predisposes to the development of POD. Future studies should confirm these results in a larger cohort and determine their potential as an objective biomarker to inform delirium prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Ruhnau
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonas Müller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Nowak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sarah Strack
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Denise Sperlich
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Pohl
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jasmin Dilz
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Angelika Saar
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yannick Veser
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frederik Behr
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rehberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Taras Usichenko
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Hahnenkamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Ehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henry W S Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Uwe Müller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Fleischmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Antje Vogelgesang
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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Schlotterose L, Pravdivtseva MS, Ellermann F, Jansen O, Hövener JB, Sönnichsen FD, Cossais F, Lucius R, Hattermann K. Resveratrol Mitigates Metabolism in Human Microglia Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1248. [PMID: 37371977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of the role of microglia cells in neurodegenerative diseases has steadily increased over the past few years. There is growing evidence that the uncontrolled and persisting activation of microglial cells is involved in the progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. The inflammatory activation of microglia cells is often accompanied by a switch in metabolism to higher glucose consumption and aerobic glycolysis. In this study, we investigate the changes induced by the natural antioxidant resveratrol in a human microglia cell line. Resveratrol is renowned for its neuroprotective properties, but little is known about its direct effect on human microglia cells. By analyzing a variety of inflammatory, neuroprotective, and metabolic aspects, resveratrol was observed to reduce inflammasome activity, increase the release of insulin-like growth factor 1, decrease glucose uptake, lower mitochondrial activity, and attenuate cellular metabolism in a 1H NMR-based analysis of whole-cell extracts. To this end, studies were mainly performed by analyzing the effect of exogenous stressors such as lipopolysaccharide or interferon gamma on the metabolic profile of microglial cells. Therefore, this study focuses on changes in metabolism without any exogenous stressors, demonstrating how resveratrol might provide protection from persisting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariya S Pravdivtseva
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olav Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank D Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Lucius
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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31
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Li LM, Heslegrave A, Soreq E, Nattino G, Rosnati M, Garbero E, Zimmerman KA, Graham NSN, Moro F, Novelli D, Gradisek P, Magnoni S, Glocker B, Zetterberg H, Bertolini G, Sharp DJ. Investigating the characteristics and correlates of systemic inflammation after traumatic brain injury: the TBI-BraINFLAMM study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069594. [PMID: 37221026 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A significant environmental risk factor for neurodegenerative disease is traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it is not clear how TBI results in ongoing chronic neurodegeneration. Animal studies show that systemic inflammation is signalled to the brain. This can result in sustained and aggressive microglial activation, which in turn is associated with widespread neurodegeneration. We aim to evaluate systemic inflammation as a mediator of ongoing neurodegeneration after TBI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS TBI-braINFLAMM will combine data already collected from two large prospective TBI studies. The CREACTIVE study, a broad consortium which enrolled >8000 patients with TBI to have CT scans and blood samples in the hyperacute period, has data available from 854 patients. The BIO-AX-TBI study recruited 311 patients to have acute CT scans, longitudinal blood samples and longitudinal MRI brain scans. The BIO-AX-TBI study also has data from 102 healthy and 24 non-TBI trauma controls, comprising blood samples (both control groups) and MRI scans (healthy controls only). All blood samples from BIO-AX-TBI and CREACTIVE have already been tested for neuronal injury markers (GFAP, tau and NfL), and CREACTIVE blood samples have been tested for inflammatory cytokines. We will additionally test inflammatory cytokine levels from the already collected longitudinal blood samples in the BIO-AX-TBI study, as well as matched microdialysate and blood samples taken during the acute period from a subgroup of patients with TBI (n=18).We will use this unique dataset to characterise post-TBI systemic inflammation, and its relationships with injury severity and ongoing neurodegeneration. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for this study has been granted by the London-Camberwell St Giles Research Ethics Committee (17/LO/2066). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-review journals, presented at conferences and inform the design of larger observational and experimental medicine studies assessing the role and management of post-TBI systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Li
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
- UKDRI Centre for Care Research & Technology, London, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UKDRI at UCL, London, UK
| | - Eyal Soreq
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
- UKDRI Centre for Care Research & Technology, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Nattino
- IRCCS-"Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Margherita Rosnati
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
- BioMedIA Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elena Garbero
- Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Ranica, Italy
| | - Karl A Zimmerman
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
- DRI Centre for Care Research and Technology, London, UK
| | - Neil S N Graham
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
- UKDRI Centre for Care Research & Technology, London, UK
| | - Federico Moro
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Novelli
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Primoz Gradisek
- Clinical Dpt of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Magnoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Ben Glocker
- BioMedIA Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UKDRI at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Guido Bertolini
- Public Health, Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS-"Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Ranica, Italy
| | - David J Sharp
- UKDRI Centre for Care Research & Technology, London, UK
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
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Chen Y, Chen J, Wei H, Gong K, Meng J, Long T, Guo J, Hong J, Yang L, Qiu J, Xiong K, Wang Z, Xu Q. Akkermansia muciniphila-Nlrp3 is involved in the neuroprotection of phosphoglycerate mutase 5 deficiency in traumatic brain injury mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172710. [PMID: 37287985 PMCID: PMC10242175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut-microbiota-brain axis is a potential treatment to decrease the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), a mitochondrial serine/threonine protein phosphatase, resides in mitochondrial membrane and regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolism. Mitochondria mediates intestinal barrier and gut microbiome. Objectives This study investigated the association between PGAM5 and gut microbiota in mice with TBI. Methods The controlled cortical impact injury was established in mice with genetically-ablated Pgam5 (Pgam5-/-) or wild type, and WT male mice were treated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from male Pgam5-/- mice or Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila). Then the gut microbiota abundance, blood metabolites, neurological function, and nerve injury were detected. Results Treated with antibiotics for suppressing gut microbiota in Pgam5-/- mice partially relieved the role of Pgam5 deficiency in the improvement of initial inflammatory factors and motor dysfunction post-TBI. Pgam5 knockout exhibited an increased abundance of A. muciniphila in mice. FMT from male Pgam5-/- mice enabled better maintenance of amino acid metabolism and peripherial environment than that in TBI-vehicle mice, which suppressed neuroinflammation and improved neurological deficits, and A. muciniphila was negatively associated with intestinal mucosal injury and neuroinflammation post-TBI. Moreover, A. muciniphila treatment ameliorated neuroinflammation and nerve injury by regulating Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in cerebral cortex with TBI. Conclusion Thus, the present study provides evidence that Pgam5 is involved in gut microbiota-mediated neuroinflammation and nerve injury, with A. muciniphila-Nlrp3 contributing to peripheral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Teaching and Research, Xi’an Siyuan University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kai Gong
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianlin Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingjian Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ankang University, Ankang, China
| | - Junling Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Northwestern University, Shannxi, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Quanhua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
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Peng SJ, Feng Y, Li X, Wang XX, Wang Y, Zhou BT, Liu Y, Liu T, Wu YC. Thymopentin (TP-5) prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuron injury by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110109. [PMID: 37121113 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke, and is accompanied by excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and mediators by activated microglia. Microglial inflammatory response inhibition may be an effective strategy for preventing inflammatory disorders. However, the reciprocal connections between the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system have not been elucidated. Thus far, these links have been proven to mainly involve immuno- and neuropeptides. The pentapeptide thymopentin (TP-5) exerts a significant immunomodulatory effect; however, its antineuroinflammatory effects and underlying mechanism are still unclear. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish an inflammation model, and the therapeutic effect of TP-5 was evaluated. Behavioral tests showed that TP-5 treatment could improve the performance of LPS-treated mice in the open field and pole test, but not hanging wire test. TP-5 also attenuated neuronal lesions in the brains of LPS-treated mice. TP-5 reduced cytotoxicity and morphological changes in activated microglia. Label-free quantitative analysis indicated that the expression of multiple proteins and the activation of associated signaling pathways were altered by TP-5. Moreover, TP-5 could inhibit LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the brain and BV2 microglia and the expression of major genes in the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Additionally, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression downregulation was rescued in the LPS + TP-5 group compared with the LPS group. We conclude that TP-5 exerts neuroprotection by alleviating LPS-induced inflammatory damage and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. The protective effect of TP-5 may involve the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Peng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Ya Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Xi-Xi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Bu-Tian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
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De Lorenzi E, Seghetti F, Tarozzi A, Pruccoli L, Contardi C, Serra M, Bisi A, Gobbi S, Vistoli G, Gervasoni S, Argentini C, Ghirardo G, Guarato G, Orso G, Belluti F, Di Martino RMC, Zusso M. Targeting the multifaceted neurotoxicity of Alzheimer's disease by tailored functionalisation of the curcumin scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115297. [PMID: 36996713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous modulation of multifaceted toxicity arising from neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction represents a valuable therapeutic strategy to tackle Alzheimer's disease. Among the significant hallmarks of the disorder, Aβ protein and its aggregation products are well-recognised triggers of the neurotoxic cascade. In this study, by tailored modification of the curcumin-based lead compound 1, we aimed at developing a small library of hybrid compounds targeting Aβ protein oligomerisation and the consequent neurotoxic events. Interestingly, from in vitro studies, analogues 3 and 4, bearing a substituted triazole moiety, emerged as multifunctional agents able to counteract Aβ aggregation, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. In vivo proof-of-concept evaluations, performed in a Drosophila oxidative stress model, allowed us to identify compound 4 as a promising lead candidate.
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35
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Brier LM, Chen S, Sherafati A, Bice AR, Lee JM, Culver JP. Transient disruption of functional connectivity and depression of neural fluctuations in a mouse model of acute septic encephalopathy. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3548-3561. [PMID: 35972424 PMCID: PMC10068285 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic encephalopathy leads to major and costly burdens for a large percentage of admitted hospital patients. Elderly patients are at an increased risk, especially those with dementia. Current treatments are aimed at sedation to combat mental status changes and are not aimed at the underlying cause of encephalopathy. Indeed, the underlying pathology linking together peripheral infection and altered neural function has not been established, largely because good, acutely accessible readouts of encephalopathy in animal models do not exist. Behavioral testing in animals lasts multiple days, outlasting the time frame of acute encephalopathy. Here, we propose optical fluorescent imaging of neural functional connectivity (FC) as a readout of encephalopathy in a mouse model of acute sepsis. Imaging and basic behavioral assessment were performed at baseline, Hr8, Hr24, and Hr72 following injection of either lipopolysaccharide or phosphate buffered saline. Neural FC strength decreased at Hr8 and returned to baseline by Hr72 in motor, somatosensory, parietal, and visual cortical regions. Additionally, neural fluctuations transiently declined at Hr8 and returned to baseline by Hr72. Both FC strength and fluctuation tone correlated with neuroscore indicating this imaging methodology is a sensitive and acute readout of encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - S Chen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - A Sherafati
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Arts and Science, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - A R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J M Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Arts and Science, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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36
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Ramírez-Carreto RJ, Rodríguez-Cortés YM, Torres-Guerrero H, Chavarría A. Possible Implications of Obesity-Primed Microglia that Could Contribute to Stroke-Associated Damage. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01329-5. [PMID: 36935429 PMCID: PMC10025068 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are essential players during physiological and pathological processes. Although they participate in synaptic pruning and maintenance of neuronal circuits, microglia are mainly studied by their activity modulating inflammatory environment and adapting their phenotype and mechanisms to insults detected in the brain parenchyma. Changes in microglial phenotypes are reflected in their morphology, membrane markers, and secreted substances, stimulating neighbor glia and leading their responses to control stimuli. Understanding how microglia react in various microenvironments, such as chronic inflammation, made it possible to establish therapeutic windows and identify synergic interactions with acute damage events like stroke. Obesity is a low-grade chronic inflammatory state that gradually affects the central nervous system, promoting neuroinflammation development. Obese patients have the worst prognosis when they suffer a cerebral infarction due to basal neuroinflammation, then obesity-induced neuroinflammation could promote the priming of microglial cells and favor its neurotoxic response, potentially worsening patients' prognosis. This review discusses the main microglia findings in the obesity context during the course and resolution of cerebral infarction, involving the temporality of the phenotype changes and balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, which is lost in the swollen brain of an obese subject. Obesity enhances proinflammatory responses during a stroke. Obesity-induced systemic inflammation promotes microglial M1 polarization and priming, which enhances stroke-associated damage, increasing M1 and decreasing M2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Jair Ramírez-Carreto
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yesica María Rodríguez-Cortés
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Haydee Torres-Guerrero
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Caruso G, Di Pietro L, Caraci F. Gap Junctions and Connexins in Microglia-Related Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation: Perspectives for Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030505. [PMID: 36979440 PMCID: PMC10046203 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia represent the immune system of the brain. Their role is central in two phenomena, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are at the roots of different pathologies related to the central nervous system (CNS). In order to maintain the homeostasis of the brain and re-establish the equilibrium after a threatening imbalance, microglia communicate with each other and other cells within the CNS by receiving specific signals through membrane-bound receptors and then releasing neurotrophic factors into either the extracellular milieu or directly into the cytoplasm of nearby cells, such as astrocytes and neurons. These last two mechanisms rely on the activity of protein structures that enable the formation of channels in the membrane, namely, connexins and pannexins, that group and form gap junctions, hemichannels, and pannexons. These channels allow the release of gliotransmitters, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate, together with calcium ion (Ca2+), that seem to play a pivotal role in inter-cellular communication. The aim of the present review is focused on the physiology of channel protein complexes and their contribution to neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress-related phenomena, which play a central role in neurodegenerative disorders. We will then discuss how pharmacological modulation of these channels can impact neuroinflammatory phenomena and hypothesize that currently available nutraceuticals, such as carnosine and N-acetylcysteine, can modulate the activity of connexins and pannexins in microglial cells and reduce oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0957385036
| | - Lucia Di Pietro
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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Leone GM, Mangano K, Petralia MC, Nicoletti F, Fagone P. Past, Present and (Foreseeable) Future of Biological Anti-TNF Alpha Therapy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041630. [PMID: 36836166 PMCID: PMC9963154 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the key role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of immunoinflammatory diseases, TNF-α inhibitors have been successfully developed and used in the clinical treatment of autoimmune disorders. Currently, five anti-TNF-α drugs have been approved: infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, certolizumab pegol and etanercept. Anti-TNF-α biosimilars are also available for clinical use. Here, we will review the historical development as well as the present and potential future applications of anti-TNF-α therapies, which have led to major improvements for patients with several autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), psoriasis (PS) and chronic endogenous uveitis. Other therapeutic areas are under evaluation, including viral infections, e.g., COVID-19, as well as chronic neuropsychiatric disorders and certain forms of cancer. The search for biomarkers able to predict responsiveness to anti-TNF-α drugs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Leone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Watne LO, Pollmann CT, Neerland BE, Quist-Paulsen E, Halaas NB, Idland AV, Hassel B, Henjum K, Knapskog AB, Frihagen F, Raeder J, Godø A, Ueland PM, McCann A, Figved W, Selbæk G, Zetterberg H, Fang EF, Myrstad M, Giil LM. Cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid is strongly associated with delirium and mortality in hip-fracture patients. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163472. [PMID: 36409557 PMCID: PMC9843060 DOI: 10.1172/jci163472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe kynurenine pathway (KP) has been identified as a potential mediator linking acute illness to cognitive dysfunction by generating neuroactive metabolites in response to inflammation. Delirium (acute confusion) is a common complication of acute illness and is associated with increased risk of dementia and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying delirium, particularly in relation to the KP, remain elusive.METHODSWe undertook a multicenter observational study with 586 hospitalized patients (248 with delirium) and investigated associations between delirium and KP metabolites measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum by targeted metabolomics. We also explored associations between KP metabolites and markers of neuronal damage and 1-year mortality.RESULTSIn delirium, we found concentrations of the neurotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid in CSF (CSF-QA) (OR 2.26 [1.78, 2.87], P < 0.001) to be increased and also found increases in several other KP metabolites in serum and CSF. In addition, CSF-QA was associated with the neuronal damage marker neurofilament light chain (NfL) (β 0.43, P < 0.001) and was a strong predictor of 1-year mortality (HR 4.35 [2.93, 6.45] for CSF-QA ≥ 100 nmol/L, P < 0.001). The associations between CSF-QA and delirium, neuronal damage, and mortality remained highly significant following adjustment for confounders and multiple comparisons.CONCLUSIONOur data identified how systemic inflammation, neurotoxicity, and delirium are strongly linked via the KP and should inform future delirium prevention and treatment clinical trials that target enzymes of the KP.FUNDINGNorwegian Health Association and South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and
| | | | | | | | | | - Ane-Victoria Idland
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Anesthesiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Hassel
- Department of Neurohabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristi Henjum
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Frede Frihagen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Johan Raeder
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Anesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aasmund Godø
- Department of Anesthesiology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Wender Figved
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Orthopaedic Department, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Myrstad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Lasse M. Giil
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Essadek S, Gondcaille C, Savary S, Samadi M, Vamecq J, Lizard G, Kebbaj RE, Latruffe N, Benani A, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Andreoletti P. Two Argan Oil Phytosterols, Schottenol and Spinasterol, Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Restore LPS-Dysregulated Peroxisomal Functions in Acox1-/- and Wild-Type BV-2 Microglial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:168. [PMID: 36671029 PMCID: PMC9854540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are the key players in neuroinflammation, in which microglia dysfunction plays a central role. Previous studies suggest that argan oil attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and peroxisome dysfunction in mouse brains. In this study, we explored the effects of two major argan oil (AO) phytosterols, Schottenol (Schot) and Spinasterol (Spina), on oxidative stress, inflammation, and peroxisomal dysfunction in two murine microglial BV-2 cell lines, wild-ype (Wt) and Acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (Acox1)-deficient cells challenged with LPS treatment. Herein, we used an MTT test to reveal no cytotoxicity for both phytosterols with concentrations up to 5 µM. In the LPS-activated microglial cells, cotreatment with each of these phytosterols caused a significant decrease in intracellular ROS production and the NO level released in the culture medium. Additionally, Schot and Spina were able to attenuate the LPS-dependent strong induction of Il-1β and Tnf-α mRNA levels, as well as the iNos gene and protein expression in both Wt and Acox1-/- microglial cells. On the other hand, LPS treatment impacted both the peroxisomal antioxidant capacity and the fatty acid oxidation pathway. However, both Schot and Spina treatments enhanced ACOX1 activity in the Wt BV-2 cells and normalized the catalase activity in both Wt and Acox1-/- microglial cells. These data suggest that Schot and Spina can protect cells from oxidative stress and inflammation and their harmful consequences for peroxisomal functions and the homeostasis of microglial cells. Collectively, our work provides a compelling argument for the protective mechanisms of two major argan oil phytosterols against LPS-induced brain neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Essadek
- Laboratory of Biochimistry, Neuroscience, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan I, Settat 26000, Morocco
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Gondcaille
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Savary
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm and HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, and RADEME EA 7364, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille 2, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Riad El Kebbaj
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan 1st University, Settat 26000, Morocco
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- CSGA—Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRAE—Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement, Institut Agro Dijon, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochimistry, Neuroscience, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan I, Settat 26000, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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Zhao P, Li X, Yang Q, Lu Y, Wang G, Yang H, Dong J, Zhang H. Malvidin alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation through activating AMPK-α/UCP2 axis, thereby resisting inflammation and apoptosis in SAE mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1038802. [PMID: 36699054 PMCID: PMC9868257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the protective roles of malvidin in life-threatened sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and illustrate the underlying mechanism. SAE mice models were developed and treated with malvidin for subsequently protective effects evaluation. Malvidin restored neurobehavioral retardation, declined serum S100β and NSE levels, sustained cerebrum morphological structure, improved blood-brain barrier integrity with elevated tight junction proteins, and decreased evans blue leakage, and finally protect SAE mice from brain injury. Mechanistically, malvidin prevented cerebrum from mitochondrial dysfunction with enhanced JC-1 aggregates and ATP levels, and ROS accumulation with decreased lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzymes. UCP2 protein levels were found to be decreased after LPS stimulation in the cerebrum and BV-2 cells, and malvidin recovered its levels in a ROS dependent manner. In vivo inhibition of UCP2 with genipin or in vitro interference with siRNA UCP2 both disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased ATP levels and intensified DCF signals, being a key target for malvidin. Moreover, dorsomorphin block assays verified that malvidin upregulated UCP2 expression through phosphorylating AMPK in SAE models. Also, malvidin alleviated SAE progression through inhibition of ROS-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and mitochondrial pathway mediated apoptosis with weakened apoptosis body formation and tunel positive signals, and decreased Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-3 and increased Bcl-2 protein levels. Overall, this study illustrated that malvidin targeted AMPK-α/UCP2 axis to restore LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and alleviate ROS accumulation, which further inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial apoptosis in a ROS dependent way, and ultimately protected SAE mice, providing a reference for the targeted development of SAE prophylactic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yingzhi Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guanglu Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China,*Correspondence: Honggang Zhang,
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Elguero JE, Liu G, Tiemeyer K, Gandevia H, Duro L, McCall K. Defective phagocytosis leads to neurodegeneration through systemic increased innate immune signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.08.523170. [PMID: 36711924 PMCID: PMC9881959 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.08.523170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In nervous system development, disease and injury, neurons undergo programmed cell death, leaving behind cell corpses that are removed by phagocytic glia. Altered glial phagocytosis has been implicated in several neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury. To untangle the links between glial phagocytosis and neurodegeneration, we investigated Drosophila mutants lacking the phagocytic receptor Draper. Loss of Draper leads to persistent neuronal cell corpses and age-dependent neurodegeneration. Here we investigate whether the phagocytic defects observed in draper mutants lead to chronic increased immune activation that promotes neurodegeneration. A major immune response in Drosophila is the activation of two NFκB signaling pathways that produce antimicrobial peptides, primarily in the fat body. We found that the antimicrobial peptide Attacin-A is highly upregulated in the fat body of aged draper mutants and that inhibition of the Immune deficiency (Imd) pathway in the glia and fat body of draper mutants led to reduced neurodegeneration, indicating that immune activation promotes neurodegeneration in draper mutants. Taken together, these findings indicate that phagocytic defects lead to neurodegeneration via increased immune signaling, both systemically and locally in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guangmei Liu
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Heena Gandevia
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lauren Duro
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115
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Cardona M, Andrés P. Are social isolation and loneliness associated with cognitive decline in ageing? Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1075563. [PMID: 36909946 PMCID: PMC9995915 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1075563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Social isolation and loneliness are associated with poor health (immunity, inflammation, etc.) in ageing. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the link between social isolation, loneliness (as distinct constructs, in contrast to previous published work) and cognition in cognitively healthy older adults. Method We followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Our search, conducted between January 2017 and April 2021, yielded 2,673 articles, of which, twelve longitudinal studies were finally identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Multiple cognitive functions (short-term and episodic memory, attention, and global cognitive functioning) were measured. Results The results showed that both social isolation and loneliness were associated with poor cognition in ageing, with depression as a possible mediator between loneliness and poor cognition. Some studies also suggested that the link between social isolation, loneliness and cognitive decline may be bidirectional. Conclusion We conclude that both social isolation and loneliness may have a different impact on cognition. While depression may be an important mediator between loneliness and cognitive decline, the lack of cognitive stimulation may be a greater mediator between social isolation and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Cardona
- Neuropsychology and Cognition Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pilar Andrés
- Neuropsychology and Cognition Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Bathini P, Dupanloup I, Zenaro E, Terrabuio E, Fischer A, Ballabani E, Doucey MA, Alberi L. Systemic Inflammation Causes Microglial Dysfunction With a Vascular AD phenotype. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 28:100568. [PMID: 36704658 PMCID: PMC9871075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in rodents and humans have indicated that inflammation outside CNS (systemic inflammation) affects brain homeostasis contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders. Itis becoming increasingly evident that such early insults may also belinked to neurodegenerative diseases like late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Importantly, lifestyle and stress, such as viral or bacterial infection causing chronic inflammation, may contribute to neurodegenerative dementia. Systemic inflammatory response triggers a cascade of neuroinflammatory responses, altering brain transcriptome, cell death characteristic of AD, and vascular dementia. Our study aimed to assess the temporal evolution of the pathological impact of systemic inflammation evoked by prenatal and early postnatal peripheral exposure of viral mimetic Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) and compare the hippocampal transcriptomic changes with the profiles of human post-mortem AD and vascular dementia brain specimens. Methods We have engineered the PolyI:C sterile infection model in wildtype C57BL6 mice to achieve chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. We have conducted a cross-sectional analysis of aging PolyI:C and Saline control mice (3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 16 months), taking the hippocampus as a reference brain region, and compared the brain aging phenotype to AD progression in humans with mild AD, severe AD, and Controls (CTL), in parallel to Vascular dementia (VaD) patients' specimens. Results We found that PolyI:C mice display both peripheral and central inflammation with a peak at 6 months, associated with memory deficits. The hippocampus is characterized by a pronounced and progressive tauopathy. In PolyI:C brains, microglia undergo aging-dependent morphological shifts progressively adopting a phagocytic phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a profound change in gene expression throughout aging, with a peak in differential expression at 9 months. We show that the proinflammatory marker Lcn2 is one of the genes with the strongest upregulation in PolyI:C mice upon aging. Validation in brains from patients with increasing severity of AD and VaD shows the reproducibility of some gene targets in vascular dementia specimens as compared to AD ones. Conclusions The PolyI:C model of sterile infection demonstrates that peripheral chronic inflammation causes progressive tau hyperphosphorylation, changes in microglia morphology, astrogliosis and gene reprogramming reflecting increased neuroinflammation, vascular remodeling, and the loss of neuronal functionality seen to some extent in human AD and Vascular dementia suggesting early immune insults could be crucial in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bathini
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Terrabuio
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amrei Fischer
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edona Ballabani
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Lavinia Alberi
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author. Swiss Integrative Centre of Human Health, Passage du Cardinal 13B, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Eschbacher KL, Larsen RA, Moyer AM, Majumdar R, Reichard RR. Neuropathological findings in COVID-19: an autopsy cohort. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 82:21-28. [PMID: 36355625 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature regarding the neuropathological findings in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is expanding. We identified 72 patients who died of COVID-19 (n = 48) or had recovered shortly before death (n = 24) and had autopsies performed at our institution (49 males, 23 females; median age at death 76.4 years, range: 0.0-95.0 years). Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 was performed (n = 58) in multiple brain regions. In cases the assay was successfully completed (n = 50), 98.0% were negative (n = 49) and 2% were indeterminate (n = 1). Most histologic findings were typical of the patient age demographic, such as neurodegenerative disease and arteriolosclerosis. A subset of cases demonstrated findings which may be associated with sequelae of critical illness. We identified 3 cases with destructive perivascular lesions with axonal injury, one of which also harbored perivascular demyelinating lesions. These rare cases may represent a parainfectious process versus sequelae of vascular injury. The lack of detectable SARS-CoV-2 by ddPCR or significant histologic evidence of direct infection suggests that active encephalitis is not a feature of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Eschbacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rachel A Larsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ann M Moyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ramanath Majumdar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Ross Reichard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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McDowell B, Marr C, Holmes C, Edwards CJ, Cardwell C, McHenry M, Meenagh G, McGuinness B. Prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:777. [PMID: 36494656 PMCID: PMC9733399 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on cognition. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Six hundred sixty-one men and women aged ≥55 years who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria for RA were recruited from three healthcare trusts in the United Kingdom (UK) between May 2018 and March 2020. Study participants took part in interviews which captured sociodemographic information, followed by an assessment of cognition. RA specific clinical characteristics were obtained from hospital medical records. Participants were cognitively assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and were classified as cognitively impaired if they scored ≤27/30 points. Linear regression analyses were conducted to identify which demographic and clinical variables were potential predictors of cognitive impairment. RESULTS The average age of participants was 67.6 years and 67% (444/661) were women. 72% (458/634; 95% CI 0.69 to 0.76) of participants were classified as cognitively impaired (MoCA≤27). Greater cognitive impairment was associated with older age (p = .006), being male (p = .041) and higher disease activity score (DAS28) (with moderate (DAS28 > 3.1) (p = 0.008) and high (DAS28 > 5.1) (p = 0.008)) compared to those in remission (DAS28 ≤ 2.6). There was no association between MoCA score and education, disease duration, RF status, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) status, RA medication type or use of glucocorticoids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests that cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in older adults with RA. This impairment appears to be associated with higher RA disease activity and supports the concept that chronic systemic inflammation might accelerate cognitive decline. This underlines the importance of controlling the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany McDowell
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Calum Marr
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Clive Holmes
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297University of Southampton, Southampton, England ,grid.467048.90000 0004 0465 4159Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England
| | - Christopher J. Edwards
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297University of Southampton, Southampton, England ,NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility, Southampton, England ,grid.430506.40000 0004 0465 4079University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England
| | - Christopher Cardwell
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Michelle McHenry
- grid.412915.a0000 0000 9565 2378Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Gary Meenagh
- grid.413824.80000 0000 9566 1119Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland
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Bolognesi E, Guerini FR, Sotgiu S, Chiappedi M, Carta A, Mensi MM, Agliardi C, Zanzottera M, Clerici M. GC1f Vitamin D Binding Protein Isoform as a Marker of Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235153. [PMID: 36501185 PMCID: PMC9740250 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical, behavioral, and cognitive manifestations. It is, therefore, crucial to investigate possible biomarkers associated with specific ASD phenotypes. Ample literature suggests a possible role for vitamin D (VD) in influencing ASD clinical phenotypes. We analyzed three vitamin D binding protein gene (DBP) functional polymorphisms (rs2282679, rs7041, and rs4588), which are involved in the modulation of vitamin D serum concentration in 309 ASD children and 831 healthy controls. Frequency comparisons of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) alleles, genotypes, and GC isoforms (GC1f, G1s, and GC2)—generated by the combination of rs7041 and rs4588 alleles—were correlated with ASD diagnostic, behavioral, and functioning scales. The GC1f isoform was significantly more frequent in ASD compared with controls (18.6% vs. 14.5% pc = 0.02). Significantly higher scores for item 15 of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and lower ones for the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) functioning scales were seen in ASD carrying the GC1f isoform. In GC phenotype analysis, a gradient of severity for overall CARS scores and CARS item 15 was observed, with scores decreasing according to the presence of GC1f-GC1f > GC1f-GC1s > GC1s-GC1s > GC1f-GC2 > GC2-GC2 isoforms. Similarly, lower CGAS scores were seen in carriers of the GC1f-GC1f isoform, whereas higher scores were present in those carrying GC2-GC2 (p = 0.028). This is the first study to evaluate possible relationships between GC variants and the different aspects of ASD in Italian ASD children. Results, although needing to be validated in ampler cohorts, suggest that the GC1f isoform could be a marker of severity in ASD that may be useful in establishing the intensity of therapeutic and rehabilitative protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-4030-8342; Fax: +39-02-4030-8438
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiappedi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Bronisz E, Cudna A, Wierzbicka A, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I. Serum Proteins Associated with Blood-Brain Barrier as Potential Biomarkers for Seizure Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314712. [PMID: 36499038 PMCID: PMC9740683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As 30% of epileptic patients remain drug-resistant, seizure prediction is vital. Induction of epileptic seizure is a complex process that can depend on factors such as intrinsic neuronal excitability, changes in extracellular ion concentration, glial cell activity, presence of inflammation and activation of the blood−brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we aimed to assess if levels of serum proteins associated with BBB can predict seizures. Serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, S100B, CCL-2, ICAM-1, P-selectin, and TSP-2 were examined in a group of 49 patients with epilepsy who were seizure-free for a minimum of seven days and measured by ELISA. The examination was repeated after 12 months. An extensive medical history was taken, and patients were subjected to a follow-up, including a detailed history of seizures. Serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, CCL-2, and P-selectin differed between the two time points (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0035, respectively). General linear model analyses determined the predictors of seizures. Levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and CCL-2 were found to influence seizure count in 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of observation. Serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and CCL-2 may be considered potential biomarkers for seizure prediction and may indicate BBB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Bronisz
- Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Cudna
- Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wierzbicka
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
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Lim JS, Bae J, Lee S, Lee DY, Yao L, Cho N, Bach TT, Yun N, Park SJ, Cho YC. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Symplocos sumuntia Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don Extract via Blockage of the NF-κB/JNK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Activated Microglial Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3095. [PMID: 36432823 PMCID: PMC9693526 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Symplocos sumuntia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (S. sumuntia) is a traditional medicinal herb used in Asia to treat various pathologies, including cough, stomachache, tonsillitis, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Although the anti-inflammatory activity of S. sumuntia has been reported, little is known about its anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanisms in microglial cells. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effects of S. sumuntia methanol extract (SSME) on the inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV2 cells. The SSME significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, as well as the production of nitric oxide (NO), a proinflammatory mediator. The production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β, was suppressed by the SSME in the LPS-induced BV2 cells. The mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of SSME involves the suppression of the LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as JNK. Moreover, we showed that the LPS-stimulated nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65 protein, followed by IκB degradation, was decreased by the SSME treatment. Collectively, these results showed that the SSME induced anti-inflammatory effects via the suppression of the MAPK signaling pathways, accompanied by changes in the NF-κB translocation into the nucleus. Therefore, SSME may be employed as a potential therapeutic candidate for various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Bae
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research, Lab Technology System Co., Ltd., Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Lulu Yao
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Namki Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran The Bach
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 122000, Vietnam
| | - Narae Yun
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Immunosenescence and Aging: Neuroinflammation Is a Prominent Feature of Alzheimer's Disease and Is a Likely Contributor to Neurodegenerative Disease Pathogenesis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111817. [PMID: 36579548 PMCID: PMC9698256 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic multifactorial and complex neuro-degenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment and the loss of cognitive ability, which is a problem affecting the elderly. The pathological intracellular accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated Tau proteins, forming neurofibrillary tangles, and extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, forming senile plaques, as well as neural disconnection, neural death and synaptic dysfunction in the brain, are hallmark pathologies that characterize AD. The prevalence of the disease continues to increase globally due to the increase in longevity, quality of life, and medical treatment for chronic diseases that decreases the mortality and enhance the survival of elderly. Medical awareness and the accurate diagnosis of the disease also contribute to the high prevalence observed globally. Unfortunately, no definitive treatment exists that can be used to modify the course of AD, and no available treatment is capable of mitigating the cognitive decline or reversing the pathology of the disease as of yet. A plethora of hypotheses, ranging from the cholinergic theory and dominant Aβ cascade hypothesis to the abnormally excessive phosphorylated Tau protein hypothesis, have been reported. Various explanations for the pathogenesis of AD, such as the abnormal excitation of the glutamate system and mitochondrial dysfunction, have also been suggested. Despite the continuous efforts to deliver significant benefits and an effective treatment for this distressing, globally attested aging illness, multipronged approaches and strategies for ameliorating the disease course based on knowledge of the underpinnings of the pathogenesis of AD are urgently needed. Immunosenescence is an immune deficit process that appears with age (inflammaging process) and encompasses the remodeling of the lymphoid organs, leading to alterations in the immune function and neuroinflammation during advanced aging, which is closely linked to the outgrowth of infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignant cancers. It is well known that long-standing inflammation negatively influences the brain over the course of a lifetime due to the senescence of the immune system. Herein, we aim to trace the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, we explore alternative avenues, such as neuroimmune involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. We determine the initial triggers of neuroinflammation, which is an early episode in the pre-symptomatic stages of AD and contributes to the advancement of the disease, and the underlying key mechanisms of brain damage that might aid in the development of therapeutic strategies that can be used to combat this devastating disease. In addition, we aim to outline the ways in which different aspects of the immune system, both in the brain and peripherally, behave and thus to contribute to AD.
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