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Stankovic I, Notaras M, Wolujewicz P, Lu T, Lis R, Ross ME, Colak D. Schizophrenia endothelial cells exhibit higher permeability and altered angiogenesis patterns in patient-derived organoids. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:53. [PMID: 38263175 PMCID: PMC10806043 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms in early adulthood. While many research avenues into the origins of SCZ during brain development have been explored, the contribution of endothelial/vascular dysfunction to the disease remains largely elusive. To model the neuropathology of SCZ during early critical periods of brain development, we utilized patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate 3D cerebral organoids and define cell-specific signatures of disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that while SCZ organoids were similar in their macromolecular diversity to organoids generated from healthy controls (CTRL), SCZ organoids exhibited a higher percentage of endothelial cells when normalized to total cell numbers. Additionally, when compared to CTRL, differential gene expression analysis revealed a significant enrichment in genes that function in vessel formation, vascular regulation, and inflammatory response in SCZ endothelial cells. In line with these findings, data from 23 donors demonstrated that PECAM1+ microvascular vessel-like structures were increased in length and number in SCZ organoids in comparison to CTRL organoids. Furthermore, we report that patient-derived endothelial cells displayed higher paracellular permeability, implicating elevated vascular activity. Collectively, our data identified altered gene expression patterns, vessel-like structural changes, and enhanced permeability of endothelial cells in patient-derived models of SCZ. Hence, brain microvascular cells could play a role in the etiology of SCZ by modulating the permeability of the developing blood brain barrier (BBB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Stankovic
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Notaras
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Wolujewicz
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tyler Lu
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Lis
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Ross
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dilek Colak
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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Murlanova K, Pletnikov MV. Modeling psychotic disorders: Environment x environment interaction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105310. [PMID: 37437753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychotic disorder with multifactorial etiology that includes interactions between genetic vulnerability and environmental risk factors. In addition, interplay of multiple environmental adversities affects neurodevelopment and may increase the individual risk of developing schizophrenia. Consistent with the two-hit hypothesis of schizophrenia, we review rodent models that combine maternal immune activation as the first hit with other adverse environmental exposures as the second hit. We discuss the strengths and pitfalls of the current animal models of environment x environment interplay and propose some future directions to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Murlanova
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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3
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Li N, Ma RH, Zhang EF, Ge F, Fang DY, Zhang J, Zhang YN, Gao Y, Hou LC, Jin HX. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 in the hippocampus: a potential novel target for the therapeutic effects of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide on sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1182005. [PMID: 37602193 PMCID: PMC10436203 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1182005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore whether interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is involved in recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP)-mediated effects on sepsis-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. Methods The cellular localization and expression level of IFITM3 in the hippocampus were detected. The IFITM3 overexpression was achieved using an intracranial stereotactic system to inject an adeno-associated virus into the hippocampal CA1 region of mice. Field experiments, an elevated plus maze, and conditioned fear memory tests assessed the cognitive impairment in rhBNP-treated septic mice. Finally, in the hippocampus of septic mice, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and Immunoblot were used to detect changes in the protein expression of cleaved Caspase-8 and cleaved Caspase-3 in apoptosis-related pathways, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 in inflammatory pathways. Results Fourteen days after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery, IFITM3 localized in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the astrocytes in the hippocampus of septic mice, partially attached to the perivascular and neuronal surfaces, but not expressed in the microglia. The expression of IFITM3 was increased in the astrocytes and neurons in the hippocampus of septic mice, which was selectively inhibited by the administration of rhBNP. Overexpression of IFITM3 resulted in elevated anxiety levels and long-term learning and memory dysfunction, completely abolished the therapeutic effect of rhBNP on cognitive impairment in septic mice, and induced an increase in the number of neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region. The expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3 and cleaved Caspase-8 proteins were significantly increased in the hippocampus, but the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 were not increased. Conclusion The activation of IFITM3 may be a potential new target for treating sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), and it may be one of the key anti-apoptotic mechanisms in rhBNP exerting its therapeutic effect, providing new insight into the clinical treatment of SAE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui-Hang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Er-Fei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Ge
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - De-Yu Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Ning Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Chao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hong-Xu Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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4
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Wu Z, Tang W, Ibrahim FEEM, Chen X, Yan H, Tao C, Wang Z, Guo Y, Fu Y, Wang Q, Ge Y. Aβ Induces Neuroinflammation and Microglial M1 Polarization via cGAS-STING-IFITM3 Signaling Pathway in BV-2 Cells. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03945-5. [PMID: 37210413 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, innate immune cells of the brain, constantly monitor the dynamic changes of the brain microenvironment under physiological conditions and respond in time. Growing evidence suggests that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated that the expression of IFITM3 was significantly upregulated in microglia under the Aβ treatment, and knockdown of IFITM3 in vitro suppressed the M1-like polarization of microglia. Moreover, IFITM3 was regulated by cGAS-STING signaling in activated microglia, and inhibition of cGAS-STING signaling reduces IFITM3 expression. Taken together, our findings suggested that the cGAS-STING-IFITM3 axis may be involved in Aβ-induced neuroinflammation in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, China
| | - Fatima Elzahra E M Ibrahim
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuejing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongting Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunmei Tao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yunchu Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yusong Ge
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.
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Matsuura S, Nishimoto Y, Endo A, Shiraki H, Suzuki K, Segi-Nishida E. Hippocampal Inflammation and Gene Expression Changes in Peripheral Lipopolysaccharide Challenged Mice Showing Sickness and Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1176-1183. [PMID: 37661396 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is often associated with the development of depressive and anxiety disorders. The hippocampus is one of the brain regions affected by inflammation that is associated with these symptoms. However, the mechanism of hippocampal inflammation-induced emotional behavior remains unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify temporal changes in the neuroinflammatory responses in the hippocampus and the response of dentate gyrus (DG) neurons using peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice. LPS administration induced anxiety-like activity in the elevated plus maze test and social interaction test after 24 h, at which time the mice had recovered from sickness behavior. We examined the hippocampal inflammation-related gene expression changes over time. The expression of interleukin-1β (Il1b) and tumor necrosis factor α (Tnfa) was rapidly enhanced and sustained until 24 h after LPS administration, whereas the expression of Il6 was transiently induced at approx. 6 h. IL-6-dependent downstream signaling of transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was also activated approx. 3-6 h after LPS treatment. The expression of innate immune genes including interferon-induced transmembrane proteins such as interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (Ifitm1) and Ifitm3 and complement factors such as C1qa and C1qb started to increase approx. 6 h and showed sustained or further increase at 24 h. We also examined changes in the expression of several maturation markers in the DG and found that LPS enhanced the expression of calbindin 1 (Calb1), tryptophan-2,3-dioxigenase 2 (Tdo2), Il1rl, and neurotrophin-3 (Ntf3) at 24 h after LPS treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate temporal changes of inflammation and gene expression in the hippocampus in LPS-induced sickness and anxiety-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire Matsuura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yuki Nishimoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Akane Endo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Hirono Shiraki
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kanzo Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Eri Segi-Nishida
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
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6
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Webster MJ. Infections, Inflammation, and Psychiatric Illness: Review of Postmortem Evidence. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 61:35-48. [PMID: 35505055 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While there is an abundance of epidemiological evidence implicating infectious agents in the etiology of severe mental illnesses, postmortem studies have not yet detected an increased incidence of microbial nucleic acid or proteins in the brains of people with mental illness. Nevertheless, abnormally expressed immune and inflammatory markers have consistently been found in the postmortem brain of patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders. Some of these abnormalities may be the result of an infection in utero or early in life that not only impacted the developing immune system but also the developing neurons of the brain. Some of the immune markers that are consistently found to be upregulated in schizophrenia implicate a possible viral infection and the blood brain barrier in the etiology and neuropathology of the disorder.
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7
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Wang S, Qian W, Chen S, Xian S, Jin M, Liu Y, Zhang H, Qin H, Zhang X, Zhu J, Yue X, Shi C, Yan P, Huang R, Huang Z. Bibliometric analysis of research on gene expression in spinal cord injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1023692. [PMID: 36385766 PMCID: PMC9661966 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1023692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe disease with motor and sensory function being destroyed, which leads to a poor prognosis and a serious financial burden. It is urgent to figure out the molecular and pathological mechanisms of SCI to develop feasible therapeutic strategies. This article aims to review documents focused on gene expression in SCI and summarize research hotspots and the development process in this field. Methods Publications of SCI-related studies from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Biblioshiny was used to evaluate the research performance, core authors, journals and contributed countries, together with trend topics, hotspots in the field, and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Visualized images were obtained to help comprehension. Results Among 351 documents, it was found that the number of annual publications increased in general. The most productive country was China, followed by the United States with the highest influence and the most international cooperation. Plos One was the journal of the maximum publications, while Journal of Neuroscience was the most influential one. According to keyword co-occurrence and trend topics analysis, these articles mainly focused on molecular and pathological mechanisms as well as novel therapies for SCI. Neuropathic pain, axonal regeneration and messenger RNA are significant and promising research areas. Conclusion As the first bibliometric study focused on gene expression in SCI, we demonstrated the evolution of the field and provided future research directions like mechanisms and treatments of SCI with great innovativeness and clinical value. Further studies are recommended to develop more viable therapeutic methods for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijin Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengwei Qin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinkun Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwen Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Penghui Yan,
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Penghui Yan,
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Penghui Yan,
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8
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Glasauer SMK, Goderie SK, Rauch JN, Guzman E, Audouard M, Bertucci T, Joy S, Rommelfanger E, Luna G, Keane-Rivera E, Lotz S, Borden S, Armando AM, Quehenberger O, Temple S, Kosik KS. Human tau mutations in cerebral organoids induce a progressive dyshomeostasis of cholesterol. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2127-2140. [PMID: 35985329 PMCID: PMC9481908 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MAPT gene that encodes tau lead to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with pathology evident in both cerebral neurons and glia. Human cerebral organoids (hCOs) from individuals harboring pathogenic tau mutations can reveal the earliest downstream effects on molecular pathways within a developmental context, generating interacting neurons and glia. We found that in hCOs carrying the V337M and R406W tau mutations, the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in astrocytes was the top upregulated gene set compared with isogenic controls by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The 15 upregulated genes included HMGCR, ACAT2, STARD4, LDLR, and SREBF2. This result was confirmed in a homozygous R406W mutant cell line by immunostaining and sterol measurements. Cholesterol abundance in the brain is tightly regulated by efflux and cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme levels in astrocytes, and dysregulation can cause aberrant phosphorylation of tau. Our findings suggest that cholesterol dyshomeostasis is an early event in the etiology of neurodegeneration caused by tau mutations. Cerebral organoid models of tauopathy caused by MAPT mutations Upregulated cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis genes in MAPT mutant astrocytes Elevation of cholesterol and its precursors in MAPT mutant cerebral organoids
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella M K Glasauer
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Jennifer N Rauch
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Morgane Audouard
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Shona Joy
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Emma Rommelfanger
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Gabriel Luna
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Erica Keane-Rivera
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Steven Lotz
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Susan Borden
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Aaron M Armando
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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9
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Schizophrenia is defined by cell-specific neuropathology and multiple neurodevelopmental mechanisms in patient-derived cerebral organoids. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1416-1434. [PMID: 34789849 PMCID: PMC9095467 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to an inability to ethically access developing human brain tissue as well as identify prospective cases, early-arising neurodevelopmental and cell-specific signatures of Schizophrenia (Scz) have remained unknown and thus undefined. To overcome these challenges, we utilized patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate 3D cerebral organoids to model neuropathology of Scz during this critical period. We discovered that Scz organoids exhibited ventricular neuropathology resulting in altered progenitor survival and disrupted neurogenesis. This ultimately yielded fewer neurons within developing cortical fields of Scz organoids. Single-cell sequencing revealed that Scz progenitors were specifically depleted of neuronal programming factors leading to a remodeling of cell-lineages, altered differentiation trajectories, and distorted cortical cell-type diversity. While Scz organoids were similar in their macromolecular diversity to organoids generated from healthy controls (Ctrls), four GWAS factors (PTN, COMT, PLCL1, and PODXL) and peptide fragments belonging to the POU-domain transcription factor family (e.g., POU3F2/BRN2) were altered. This revealed that Scz organoids principally differed not in their proteomic diversity, but specifically in their total quantity of disease and neurodevelopmental factors at the molecular level. Single-cell sequencing subsequently identified cell-type specific alterations in neuronal programming factors as well as a developmental switch in neurotrophic growth factor expression, indicating that Scz neuropathology can be encoded on a cell-type-by-cell-type basis. Furthermore, single-cell sequencing also specifically replicated the depletion of BRN2 (POU3F2) and PTN in both Scz progenitors and neurons. Subsequently, in two mechanistic rescue experiments we identified that the transcription factor BRN2 and growth factor PTN operate as mechanistic substrates of neurogenesis and cellular survival, respectively, in Scz organoids. Collectively, our work suggests that multiple mechanisms of Scz exist in patient-derived organoids, and that these disparate mechanisms converge upon primordial brain developmental pathways such as neuronal differentiation, survival, and growth factor support, which may amalgamate to elevate intrinsic risk of Scz.
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10
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Chen J, Ma XL, Zhao H, Wang XY, Xu MX, Wang H, Yang TQ, Peng C, Liu SS, Huang M, Zhou YD, Shen Y. Increasing astrogenesis in the developing hippocampus induces autistic-like behavior in mice via enhancing inhibitory synaptic transmission. Glia 2021; 70:106-122. [PMID: 34498776 PMCID: PMC9291003 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized primarily by impaired social communication and rigid, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors. Many studies implicate abnormal synapse development and the resultant abnormalities in synaptic excitatory–inhibitory (E/I) balance may underlie many features of the disease, suggesting aberrant neuronal connections and networks are prone to occur in the developing autistic brain. Astrocytes are crucial for synaptic formation and function, and defects in astrocytic activation and function during a critical developmental period may also contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD. Here, we report that increasing hippocampal astrogenesis during development induces autistic‐like behavior in mice and a concurrent decreased E/I ratio in the hippocampus that results from enhanced GABAergic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Suppressing the aberrantly elevated GABAergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 area rescues autistic‐like behavior and restores the E/I balance. Thus, we provide direct evidence for a developmental role of astrocytes in driving the behavioral phenotypes of ASD, and our results support that targeting the altered GABAergic neurotransmission may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Ma
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Xin Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Qi Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Page NF, Gandal MJ, Estes ML, Cameron S, Buth J, Parhami S, Ramaswami G, Murray K, Amaral DG, Van de Water JA, Schumann CM, Carter CS, Bauman MD, McAllister AK, Geschwind DH. Alterations in Retrotransposition, Synaptic Connectivity, and Myelination Implicated by Transcriptomic Changes Following Maternal Immune Activation in Nonhuman Primates. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:896-910. [PMID: 33386132 PMCID: PMC8052273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a proposed risk factor for multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, the molecular mechanisms through which MIA imparts risk remain poorly understood. A recently developed nonhuman primate model of exposure to the viral mimic poly:ICLC during pregnancy shows abnormal social and repetitive behaviors and elevated striatal dopamine, a molecular hallmark of human psychosis, providing an unprecedented opportunity for studying underlying molecular correlates. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing across psychiatrically relevant brain regions (prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, hippocampus) and primary visual cortex for comparison from 3.5- to 4-year-old male MIA-exposed and control offspring-an age comparable to mid adolescence in humans. RESULTS We identify 266 unique genes differentially expressed in at least one brain region, with the greatest number observed in hippocampus. Co-expression networks identified region-specific alterations in synaptic signaling and oligodendrocytes. Although we observed temporal and regional differences, transcriptomic changes were shared across first- and second-trimester exposures, including for the top differentially expressed genes-PIWIL2 and MGARP. In addition to PIWIL2, several other regulators of retrotransposition and endogenous transposable elements were dysregulated following MIA, potentially connecting MIA to retrotransposition. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results begin to elucidate the brain-level molecular processes through which MIA may impart risk for psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Page
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Michael J Gandal
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California
| | - Myka L Estes
- Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Scott Cameron
- Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jessie Buth
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sepideh Parhami
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gokul Ramaswami
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karl Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - David G Amaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Judy A Van de Water
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Cynthia M Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Melissa D Bauman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - A Kimberley McAllister
- Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Department of Human Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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12
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Prasad JD, Gunn KC, Davidson JO, Galinsky R, Graham SE, Berry MJ, Bennet L, Gunn AJ, Dean JM. Anti-Inflammatory Therapies for Treatment of Inflammation-Related Preterm Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4008. [PMID: 33924540 PMCID: PMC8069827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of preterm brain injury, there are no established neuroprotective strategies to prevent or alleviate mild-to-moderate inflammation-related brain injury. Perinatal infection and inflammation have been shown to trigger acute neuroinflammation, including proinflammatory cytokine release and gliosis, which are associated with acute and chronic disturbances in brain cell survival and maturation. These findings suggest the hypothesis that the inhibition of peripheral immune responses following infection or nonspecific inflammation may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce the associated brain injury and neurobehavioral deficits. This review provides an overview of the neonatal immunity, neuroinflammation, and mechanisms of inflammation-related brain injury in preterm infants and explores the safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents as potentially neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya D. Prasad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Katherine C. Gunn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Joanne O. Davidson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Robert Galinsky
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Scott E. Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Mary J. Berry
- Department of Pediatrics and Health Care, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Alistair J. Gunn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Justin M. Dean
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.D.P.); (K.C.G.); (J.O.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
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13
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Tsuneura Y, Sawahata M, Itoh N, Miyajima R, Mori D, Kohno T, Hattori M, Sobue A, Nagai T, Mizoguchi H, Nabeshima T, Ozaki N, Yamada K. Analysis of Reelin signaling and neurodevelopmental trajectory in primary cultured cortical neurons with RELN deletion identified in schizophrenia. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104954. [PMID: 33388358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Reelin, an extracellular matrix protein, is secreted by Cajal-Retzius cells and plays crucial roles in the development of brain structures and neuronal functions. Reductions in Reelin cause the brain dysfunctions associated with mental disorders, such as schizophrenia. A recent genome-wide copy number variation analysis of Japanese schizophrenia patients identified a novel deletion in RELN encoding Reelin. To clarify the pathophysiological role of the RELN deletion, we developed transgenic mice carrying the RELN deletion (Reln-del) and found abnormalities in their brain structures and social behavior. In the present study, we performed an in vitro analysis of Reelin expression, intracellular Reelin signaling, and the morphology of primary cultured cortical neurons from wild-type (WT) and Reln-del mice. Reelin protein levels were lower in Reln-del neurons than in WT neurons. Dab1 expression levels were significantly higher in Reln-del neurons than in WT neurons, suggesting that Reelin signaling was decreased in Reln-del neurons. Reelin was mainly expressed in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic inhibitory neurons, but not in parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons. A small proportion of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α subunit (CaMKIIα)-positive excitatory neurons also expressed Reelin. In comparisons with WT neurons, significant decreases were observed in neurite lengths and branch points as well as in the number of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) immunoreactive puncta in Reln-del neurons. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-3 (ADAMTS-3) is a protease that inactivates Reelin by cleavage at the N-t site. The knockdown of ADAMTS-3 by short hairpin RNAs suppressed Reelin cleavage in conditioned medium and reduced Dab1 expression, indicating that Reelin signaling was enhanced in the primary cultured cortical neurons of WT and heterozygous Reln-del. Accordingly, the inhibition of ADAMTS-3 may be a potential candidate in the clinical treatment of schizophrenia by enhancing Reelin signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Tsuneura
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norimichi Itoh
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryoya Miyajima
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Sobue
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, Project Office for Neuropsychological Research Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizoguchi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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14
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang L, Huang L, Zheng J, Huang X, Qin Q. Grouper interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) inhibits the infectivity of iridovirus and nodavirus by restricting viral entry. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:172-181. [PMID: 32531330 PMCID: PMC7283088 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) have been identified as important host restriction factors in mammals for the control of infection by multiple viruses. However, the antiviral functions of IFITMs against fish viruses remain largely uncertain. In this study, the IFITM3 homolog from orange spotted grouper (EcIFITM3) was cloned and its roles in grouper virus infection were investigated. The full-length cDNA of EcIFITM3 was 737 bp, which was composed of a 16 bp 5'-UTR, a 274 bp 3'-UTR, and a 447 bp ORF. EcIFITM3 encodes a 148-amino-acid polypeptide, which contains five domains, i.e., the N-terminal domain (aa 1-65), TM1 (aa 66-90), the cytoplasmic domain (aa 91-110), TM2 (aa 111-140), and the C-terminal domain (aa 141-148), and shares 78% and 47% identity with IFITM3 of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and human (Homo sapiens), respectively. EcIFITM3 mRNA was detected in 12 tissues of healthy groupers, with the highest expression levels in the head kidney. Additionally, the in vitro mRNA levels of EcIFITM3 were significantly upregulated by infection with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) or red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), or treatment with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subcellular localization analysis showed that EcIFITM3 was mainly distributed in the cell membrane of grouper cells. In vitro, the ectopic expression of EcIFITM3 inhibited SGIV and RGNNV infection, as demonstrated by the reduced severity of the cytopathic effect, decreased virus production, and low levels of viral mRNA and proteins. Consistently, knockdown of EcIFITM3 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) enhanced SGIV and RGNNV replication. EcIFITM3 overexpression and knockdown experiments both suggested that EcIFITM3 inhibits the infection of SGIV and RGNNV by restricting virus entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liwei Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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15
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Keever MR, Zhang P, Bolt CR, Antonson AM, Rymut HE, Caputo MP, Houser AK, Hernandez AG, Southey BR, Rund LA, Johnson RW, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Lasting and Sex-Dependent Impact of Maternal Immune Activation on Molecular Pathways of the Amygdala. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:774. [PMID: 32848554 PMCID: PMC7431923 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolonged and sex-dependent impact of maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation on the molecular pathways of the amygdala, a brain region that influences social, emotional, and other behaviors, is only partially understood. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of viral-elicited MIA during gestation on the amygdala transcriptome of pigs, a species of high molecular and developmental homology to humans. Gene expression levels were measured using RNA-Seq on the amygdala for 3-week-old female and male offspring from MIA and control groups. Among the 403 genes that exhibited significant MIA effect, a prevalence of differentially expressed genes annotated to the neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway, glutamatergic functions, neuropeptide systems, and cilium morphogenesis were uncovered. Genes in these categories included corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2, glutamate metabotropic receptor 4, glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide, parathyroid hormone 1 receptor, vasointestinal peptide receptor 2, neurotensin, proenkephalin, and gastrin-releasing peptide. These categories and genes have been associated with the MIA-related human neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Gene network reconstruction highlighted differential vulnerability to MIA effects between sexes. Our results advance the understanding necessary for the development of multifactorial therapies targeting immune modulation and neurochemical dysfunction that can ameliorate the effects of MIA on offspring behavior later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa R Keever
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Pan Zhang
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Courtni R Bolt
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Adrienne M Antonson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Haley E Rymut
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Megan P Caputo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alexandra K Houser
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alvaro G Hernandez
- High-throughput Sequencing and Genotyping Unit, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Laurie A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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16
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Borsini A, Stangl D, Jeffries AR, Pariante CM, Thuret S. The role of omega-3 fatty acids in preventing glucocorticoid-induced reduction in human hippocampal neurogenesis and increase in apoptosis. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:219. [PMID: 32636362 PMCID: PMC7341841 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been suggested to be involved in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. One of the possible mechanisms through which glucocorticoids contribute to the development of the depressive symptomatology is via regulation of distinct neurogenic mechanisms in the brain. A preventive or protective approach for these patients might be the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are known for they neuroprotective properties. We used the human hippocampal progenitor cell line HPC0A07/03C and pre-treated cells with either EPA or DHA, followed by treatment with the glucocorticoid cortisol either alone, or in co-treatment with the same n-3 PUFA during subsequent 3 days of proliferation and 7 days of differentiation. During proliferation, both EPA and DHA were able to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in proliferation and increase in apoptosis, when used in pre-treatment, and both pre- and co-treatment. During differentiation, EPA was able to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in neurogenesis and increase in apoptosis, when used in pre-treatment, and both pre- and co-treatment only during the proliferation stage; however, DHA required continuous treatment also during the differentiation stage to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in neurogenesis. Using transcriptomic analyses, we showed that both EPA and DHA regulated pathways involved in oxidative stress and immune response [e.g., nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Interferon (IFN) and Interleukin (IL)-1 signaling], whereas DHA also regulated pathways involved in cell development and neuronal formation [e.g., cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling]. We provide the first evidence for treatment with both EPA and DHA to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in human hippocampal neurogenesis, and identify novel molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Borsini
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology & Perinatal Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Doris Stangl
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | | | - Carmine M Pariante
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology & Perinatal Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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17
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Improvement of Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Mice by S-Allylcysteine in Mature Garlic Extract. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061834. [PMID: 32575593 PMCID: PMC7353456 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S-allylcysteine (SAC), a major thioallyl compound contained in mature garlic extract (MGE), is known to be a neuroactive compound. This study was designed to investigate the effects of SAC on primary cultured hippocampal neurons and cognitively impaired senescence-accelerated mice prone 10 (SAMP10). Treatment of these neurons with MGE or SAC significantly increased the total neurite length and number of dendrites. SAMP10 mice fed MGE or SAC showed a significant improvement in memory dysfunction in pharmacological behavioral analyses. The decrease of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and phosphorylated α-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the hippocampal tissue of SAMP10 mice fed MGE or SAC was significantly suppressed, especially in the MGE-fed group. These findings suggest that SAC positively contributes to learning and memory formation, having a beneficial effect on brain function. In addition, multiple components (aside from SAC) contained in MGE could be useful for improving cognitive function by acting as neurotrophic factors.
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18
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Voigt AP, Binkley E, Flamme-Wiese MJ, Zeng S, DeLuca AP, Scheetz TE, Tucker BA, Mullins RF, Stone EM. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Human Retinal Degeneration Reveals Distinct Glial Cell Populations. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020438. [PMID: 32069977 PMCID: PMC7072666 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases affecting retinal photoreceptor cells have numerous etiologies and clinical presentations. We clinically and molecularly studied the retina of a 70-year-old patient with retinal degeneration attributed to autoimmune retinopathy. The patient was followed for 19 years for progressive peripheral visual field loss and pigmentary changes. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on foveal and peripheral retina from this patient and four control patients, and cell-specific gene expression differences were identified between healthy and degenerating retina. Distinct populations of glial cells, including astrocytes and Müller cells, were identified in the tissue from the retinal degeneration patient. The glial cell populations demonstrated an expression profile consistent with reactive gliosis. This report provides evidence that glial cells have a distinct transcriptome in the setting of human retinal degeneration and represents a complementary clinical and molecular investigation of a case of progressive retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Voigt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Elaine Binkley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Miles J. Flamme-Wiese
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shemin Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adam P. DeLuca
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Todd E. Scheetz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Budd A. Tucker
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robert F. Mullins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Edwin M. Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Velmeshev D, Magistri M, Mazza EMC, Lally P, Khoury N, D'Elia ER, Bicciato S, Faghihi MA. Cell-Type-Specific Analysis of Molecular Pathology in Autism Identifies Common Genes and Pathways Affected Across Neocortical Regions. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2279-2289. [PMID: 32008165 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite its heterogeneity, autism is characterized by a defined behavioral phenotype, suggesting that the molecular pathology affects specific neural substrates to cause behavioral dysfunction. Previous studies identified genes dysregulated in autism cortex but did not address their cell-type specificity. Moreover, it is unknown whether there is a core of genes dysregulated across multiple neocortical regions. We applied RNA sequencing to postmortem brain tissue samples from autism patients and neurologically normal controls and combined our data with previously published datasets. We then identified genes, pathways, and alternative splicing events which are dysregulated in five neocortical regions in autism. To gain information about cell-type specificity of the dysregulated genes, we analyzed single-nuclei RNA sequencing data of adult human cortex and intersected cell-type-specific gene signatures with genes dysregulated in autism in specific cortical regions. We found that autism-associated gene expression changes across 4 frontal and temporal cortex regions converge on 27 genes related to immune response and enriched in human astrocytes, microglia, and brain endothelium. Shared splicing changes, however, are found in genes predominantly associated with synaptic function and adult interneurons and projection neurons. Finally, we demonstrate that regions of DNA differentially methylated in autism overlap genes associated with development and enriched in human cortical oligodendrocytes. Our study identifies signatures of autism molecular pathology shared across neocortical regions, as well as neural cell types enriched for common dysregulated genes, thus paving way for assessing cell-type-specific mechanisms of autism pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Velmeshev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33137, USA
| | - Marco Magistri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33137, USA
| | - Emilia Maria Cristina Mazza
- Center for Genome Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121, Modena, Italy
| | - Patrick Lally
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33137, USA
| | - Nathalie Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33137, USA
| | - Evan Ross D'Elia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33137, USA
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121, Modena, Italy
| | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33137, USA. .,Center for Therapeutic Innovation & Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB 508, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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20
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Paternal valproic acid exposure in mice triggers behavioral alterations in offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 76:106837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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21
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Pharmacological and proteomic analyses of neonatal polyI:C-treated adult mice. Neurosci Res 2018; 147:39-47. [PMID: 31446906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal virus infection is an environmental risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. We previously demonstrated that neonatal treatment with a viral mimetic, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (polyI:C), in mice leads to emotional and cognitive deficits in adolescence. Here, we investigated the effects of antipsychotics on polyI:C-induced behavioral abnormalities. We also performed a proteomic analysis in the hippocampus of polyI:C-treated adult mice using two-dimensional electrophoresis to understand the changes in protein expression following neonatal immune activation. Neonatal mice were subcutaneously injected with polyI:C for 5 days (postnatal day 2-6). At 10 weeks, sensorimotor gating, emotional and cognitive function were analyzed in behavioral tests. Clozapine improved PPI deficit and emotional and cognitive dysfunction in polyI:C-treated mice. However, haloperidol improved only PPI deficit. Proteomic analysis revealed that two candidate proteins were obtained in the hippocampus of polyI:C-treated mice, including aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member L1 (ALDH1L1) and collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5). These data suggest that the neonatal polyI:C-treated mouse model may be useful for evaluating antipsychotic activity of compounds. Moreover, changes in the protein expression of ALDH1L1 and CRMP5 support our previous findings that astrocyte-neuron interaction plays a role in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders induced by neonatal immune activation.
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22
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Yamada S, Itoh N, Nagai T, Nakai T, Ibi D, Nakajima A, Nabeshima T, Yamada K. Innate immune activation of astrocytes impairs neurodevelopment via upregulation of follistatin-like 1 and interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:295. [PMID: 30348171 PMCID: PMC6198367 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (polyI:C) triggers a strong innate immune response that mimics immune activation by viral infections. Induction of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (Ifitm3) in astrocytes has a crucial role in polyI:C-induced neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Through a quantitative proteomic screen, we previously identified candidate astroglial factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp3) and follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1), in polyl:C-induced neurodevelopmental impairment. Here, we characterized the Ifitm3-dependent inflammatory processes focusing on astrocyte-derived Fstl1 following polyI:C treatment to assess the neuropathologic role of Fstl1. METHODS Astrocytes were treated with PBS (control) or polyI:C (10 μg/mL). The conditioned medium was collected 24 h after the polyI:C treatment and used as astrocyte condition medium (ACM). The expression of Fstl1 mRNA and extracellular Fstl1 protein levels were analyzed by quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. For functional studies, neurons were treated with ACM and the effects of ACM on dendritic elongation were assayed. To examine the role of Fstl1, recombinant Fstl1 protein and siRNA for Fstl1 were used. To investigate the expression of Fstl1 in vivo, neonatal mice were treated with vehicle or polyI:C on postnatal day 2 to 6. RESULTS ACM prepared with polyI:C (polyI:C ACM) contained significantly higher Fstl1 protein than control ACM, but no increase in Fstl1 was observed in polyI:C ACM derived from Ifitm3-deficient astrocytes. We found that the production of Fstl1 involves the inflammatory responsive molecule Ifitm3 in astrocytes and influences neuronal differentiation. In agreement, the levels of Fstl1 increased in the hippocampus of polyI:C-treated neonatal mice. COS7 cells co-transfected with both Fstl1 and Ifitm3 had higher extracellular levels of Fstl1 than the cells transfected with Fstl1 alone. Treatment of primary cultured hippocampal neurons with recombinant Fstl1 impaired dendritic elongation, and the deleterious effect of polyI:C ACM on dendritic elongation was attenuated by knockdown of Fstl1 in astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS The extracellular level of Fstl1 is regulated by Ifitm3 in astrocytes, which could be involved in polyI:C-induced neurodevelopmental impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Norimichi Itoh
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Science and Aino University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan.
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23
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Abstract
Rapamycin and its derivatives are specific inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and, as a result, are well-established immunosuppressants and antitumorigenic agents. Additionally, this class of drug promotes gene delivery by facilitating lentiviral vector entry into cells, revealing its potential to improve gene therapy efforts. However, the precise mechanism was unknown. Here, we report that mTOR inhibitor treatment results in down-regulation of the IFN-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins. IFITM proteins, especially IFITM3, are potent inhibitors of virus-cell fusion and are broadly active against a range of pathogenic viruses. We found that the effect of rapamycin treatment on lentiviral transduction is diminished upon IFITM silencing or knockout in primary and transformed cells, and the extent of transduction enhancement depends on basal expression of IFITM proteins, with a major contribution from IFITM3. The effect of rapamycin treatment on IFITM3 manifests at the level of protein, but not mRNA, and is selective, as many other endosome-associated transmembrane proteins are unaffected. Rapamycin-mediated degradation of IFITM3 requires endosomal trafficking, ubiquitination, endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, and lysosomal acidification. Since IFITM proteins exhibit broad antiviral activity, we show that mTOR inhibition also promotes infection by another IFITM-sensitive virus, Influenza A virus, but not infection by Sendai virus, which is IFITM-resistant. Our results identify the molecular basis by which mTOR inhibitors enhance virus entry into cells and reveal a previously unrecognized immunosuppressive feature of these clinically important drugs. In addition, this study uncovers a functional convergence between the mTOR pathway and IFITM proteins at endolysosomal membranes.
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24
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Sobue A, Kushima I, Nagai T, Shan W, Kohno T, Aleksic B, Aoyama Y, Mori D, Arioka Y, Kawano N, Yamamoto M, Hattori M, Nabeshima T, Yamada K, Ozaki N. Genetic and animal model analyses reveal the pathogenic role of a novel deletion of RELN in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13046. [PMID: 30158644 PMCID: PMC6115412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin protein (RELN), an extracellular matrix protein, plays multiple roles that range from embryonic neuronal migration to spine formation in the adult brain. Results from genetic studies have suggested that RELN is associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ). We previously identified a novel exonic deletion of RELN in a patient with SCZ. High-resolution copy number variation analysis revealed that this deletion included exons 52 to 58, which truncated the RELN in a similar manner to the Reln Orleans mutation (Relnrl-Orl). We examined the clinical features of this patient and confirmed a decreased serum level of RELN. To elucidate the pathophysiological role of the exonic deletion of RELN in SCZ, we conducted behavioral and neurochemical analyses using heterozygous Relnrl-Orl/+ mice. These mice exhibited abnormalities in anxiety, social behavior, and motor learning; the deficits in motor learning were ameliorated by antipsychotics. Methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity and dopamine release were significantly reduced in the Relnrl-Orl/+ mice. In addition, the levels of GABAergic markers were decreased in the brain of these mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the exonic deletion of RELN plays a pathological role, implicating functional changes in the dopaminergic and GABAergic systems, in the pathophysiology of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sobue
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoyama
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoko Kawano
- Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Maeri Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Aino University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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25
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Effect of AceK (acesulfame potassium) on brain function under dietary restriction in mice. Physiol Behav 2018; 188:291-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Shao Q, Lin Z, Wu X, Tang J, Lu S, Feng D, Cheng C, Qing L, Yao K, Chen Y. Transcriptome sequencing of neurologic diseases associated genes in HHV-6A infected human astrocyte. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48070-48080. [PMID: 27344170 PMCID: PMC5217001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has been involved in the development of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and glioma. In order to identify the pathogenic mechanism of HHV-6A infection, we carried out mRNA-seq study of human astrocyte HA1800 cell with HHV-6A GS infection. Using mRNA-seq analysis of HA1800-control cells with HA1800-HHV-6A GS cells, we identified 249 differentially expressed genes. After investigating these candidate genes, we found seven genes associated with two or more CNS diseases: CTSS, PTX3, CHI3L1, Mx1, CXCL16, BIRC3, and BST2. This is the first transcriptome sequencing study which showed the significant association of these genes between HHV-6A infection and neurologic diseases. We believe that our findings can provide a new perspective to understand the pathogenic mechanism of HHV-6A infection and neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Lin
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Genetic Data Analysis Group, Shanghai Biotechnology Corporation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Tang
- Liver Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongju Feng
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ci Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanqun Qing
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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27
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Sobue A, Ito N, Nagai T, Shan W, Hada K, Nakajima A, Murakami Y, Mouri A, Yamamoto Y, Nabeshima T, Saito K, Yamada K. Astroglial major histocompatibility complex class I following immune activation leads to behavioral and neuropathological changes. Glia 2018; 66:1034-1052. [PMID: 29380419 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecules are mainly expressed in neurons, and neuronal MHCI have roles in synapse elimination and plasticity. However, the pathophysiological significance of astroglial MHCI remains unclear. We herein demonstrate that MHCI expression is up-regulated in astrocytes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) following systemic immune activation by an intraperitoneal injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) or hydrodynamic interferon (IFN)-γ gene delivery in male C57/BL6J mice. In cultured astrocytes, MHCI/H-2D largely co-localized with exosomes. To investigate the role of astroglial MHCI, H-2D, or sH-2D was expressed in the mPFC of male C57/BL6J mice using an adeno-associated virus vector under the control of a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter. The expression of astroglial MHCI in the mPFC impaired sociability and recognition memory in mice. Regarding neuropathological changes, MHCI expression in astrocytes significantly activated microglial cells, decreased parvalbumin-positive cell numbers, and reduced dendritic spine density in the mPFC. A treatment with GW4869 that impairs exosome synthesis ameliorated these behavioral and neuropathological changes. These results suggest that the overexpression of MHCI in astrocytes affects microglial proliferation as well as neuronal numbers and spine densities, thereby leading to social and cognitive deficits in mice, possibly via exosomes created by astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sobue
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norimichi Ito
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation and Development of Pharmaceuticals and Devices, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control Prevention, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences & Aino University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Disease Control Prevention, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Japan.,Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences & Aino University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
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28
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Correani V, Di Francesco L, Mignogna G, Fabrizi C, Leone S, Giorgi A, Passeri A, Casata R, Fumagalli L, Maras B, Schininà ME. Plasma Membrane Protein Profiling in Beta-Amyloid-Treated Microglia Cell Line. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28815942 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the responsiveness of microglia to toxic stimuli, plasma membrane proteins play a key role. In this study we treated with a synthetic beta amyloid peptide murine microglial cells metabolically differently labelled with stable isotope amino acids (SILAC). The plasma membrane was selectively enriched by a multi-stage aqueous two-phase partition system. We were able to identify by 1D-LC-MS/MS analyses 1577 proteins, most of them are plasma membrane proteins according to the Gene Ontology annotation. An unchanged level of amyloid receptors in this data set suggests that microglia preserve their responsiveness capability to the environment even after 24-h challenge with amyloid peptides. On the other hand, 14 proteins were observed to change their plasma membrane abundance to a statistically significant extent. Among these, we proposed as reliable biomarkers of the inflammatory microglia phenotype in AD damaged tissues MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3 (MARK3), Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), Annexins A5 and A7 (ANXA5, ANXA7) and Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), all proteins known to be involved in the inflammation processes and in microtubule network assembly rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Correani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mignogna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fabrizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche Istologiche, Medico-Legali e dell'Apparato Locomotore, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Leone
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Passeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Casata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche Istologiche, Medico-Legali e dell'Apparato Locomotore, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Maras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - M Eugenia Schininà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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29
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Shi G, Schwartz O, Compton AA. More than meets the I: the diverse antiviral and cellular functions of interferon-induced transmembrane proteins. Retrovirology 2017; 14:53. [PMID: 29162141 PMCID: PMC5697417 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-017-0377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The first responders of human antiviral immunity are components of the intrinsic immune response that reside within each and every one of our cells. This cell-autonomous arsenal consists of nucleic acid sensors and antiviral effectors strategically placed by evolution to detect and restrict invading viruses. While some factors are present at baseline to allow for constant surveillance of the cell interior, others are upregulated by cytokines (such as interferons) that signal a viral infection underway in neighboring cells. In this review, we highlight the multiple roles played by the interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins during viral infection, with focuses on IFITM3 and HIV-1. Moreover, we discuss the cellular pathways in which IFITM proteins are intertwined and the various functions they have been ascribed outside the context of infection. While appreciated as broadly-acting, potent restriction factors that prevent virus infection and pathogenesis in cell culture and in vivo, questions remain regarding their precise mode of action and importance in certain viral contexts. Continued efforts to study IFITM protein function will further cement their status as critical host determinants of virus susceptibility and prioritize them in the development of new antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Shi
- Antiviral Immunity and Resistance Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - Alex A Compton
- Antiviral Immunity and Resistance Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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Mottahedin A, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Riebe I, Ek J, Mallard C. Effect of Neuroinflammation on Synaptic Organization and Function in the Developing Brain: Implications for Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:190. [PMID: 28744200 PMCID: PMC5504097 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is a plastic organ where both the intrinsic CNS milieu and extrinsic cues play important roles in shaping and wiring neural connections. The perinatal period constitutes a critical time in central nervous system development with extensive refinement of neural connections, which are highly sensitive to fetal and neonatal compromise, such as inflammatory challenges. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells in the brain such as microglia and astrocytes are pivotal in regulating synaptic structure and function. In this article, we will review the role of glia cells in synaptic physiology and pathophysiology, including microglia-mediated elimination of synapses. We propose that activation of the immune system dynamically affects synaptic organization and function in the developing brain. We will discuss the role of neuroinflammation in altered synaptic plasticity following perinatal inflammatory challenges and potential implications for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mottahedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ilse Riebe
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Ek
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
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31
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Noristani HN, Gerber YN, Sabourin JC, Le Corre M, Lonjon N, Mestre-Frances N, Hirbec HE, Perrin FE. RNA-Seq Analysis of Microglia Reveals Time-Dependent Activation of Specific Genetic Programs following Spinal Cord Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:90. [PMID: 28420963 PMCID: PMC5376598 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons have inherent competence to regrow following injury, although not spontaneously. Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a pronounced neuroinflammation driven by resident microglia and infiltrating peripheral macrophages. Microglia are the first reactive glial population after SCI and participate in recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages to the lesion site. Both positive and negative influence of microglia and macrophages on axonal regeneration had been reported after SCI, raising the issue whether their response depends on time post-lesion or different lesion severity. We analyzed molecular alterations in microglia at several time-points after different SCI severities using RNA-sequencing. We demonstrate that activation of microglia is time-dependent post-injury but is independent of lesion severity. Early transcriptomic response of microglia after SCI involves proliferation and neuroprotection, which is then switched to neuroinflammation at later stages. Moreover, SCI induces an autologous microglial expression of astrocytic markers with over 6% of microglia expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin from as early as 72 h post-lesion and up to 6 weeks after injury. We also identified the potential involvement of DNA damage and in particular tumor suppressor gene breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (Brca1) in microglia after SCI. Finally, we established that BRCA1 protein is specifically expressed in non-human primate spinal microglia and is upregulated after SCI. Our data provide the first transcriptomic analysis of microglia at multiple stages after different SCI severities. Injury-induced microglia expression of astrocytic markers at RNA and protein levels demonstrates novel insights into microglia plasticity. Finally, increased microglia expression of BRCA1 in rodents and non-human primate model of SCI, suggests the involvement of oncogenic proteins after CNS lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun N Noristani
- MMDN, University of Montpellier; EPHE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1198Montpellier, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1051Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick N Gerber
- MMDN, University of Montpellier; EPHE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1198Montpellier, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1051Montpellier, France.,"Integrative Biology of Neurodegeneration", IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science and Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque CountryBilbao, Spain
| | - Jean-Charles Sabourin
- "Integrative Biology of Neurodegeneration", IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science and Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque CountryBilbao, Spain
| | - Marine Le Corre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1051Montpellier, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac HospitalMontpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Lonjon
- MMDN, University of Montpellier; EPHE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1198Montpellier, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac HospitalMontpellier, France
| | - Nadine Mestre-Frances
- MMDN, University of Montpellier; EPHE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1198Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène E Hirbec
- Institute for Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR5203, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1191Montpellier, France
| | - Florence E Perrin
- MMDN, University of Montpellier; EPHE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1198Montpellier, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1051Montpellier, France.,"Integrative Biology of Neurodegeneration", IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science and Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque CountryBilbao, Spain
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32
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Sanders AR, Drigalenko EI, Duan J, Moy W, Freda J, Göring HHH, Gejman PV. Transcriptome sequencing study implicates immune-related genes differentially expressed in schizophrenia: new data and a meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1093. [PMID: 28418402 PMCID: PMC5416689 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We undertook an RNA sequencing (RNAseq)-based transcriptomic profiling study on lymphoblastoid cell lines of a European ancestry sample of 529 schizophrenia cases and 660 controls, and found 1058 genes to be differentially expressed by affection status. These differentially expressed genes were enriched for involvement in immunity, especially the 697 genes with higher expression in cases. Comparing the current RNAseq transcriptomic profiling to our previous findings in an array-based study of 268 schizophrenia cases and 446 controls showed a highly significant positive correlation over all genes. Fifteen (18%) of the 84 genes with significant (false discovery rate<0.05) expression differences between cases and controls in the previous study and analyzed here again were differentially expressed by affection status here at a genome-wide significance level (Bonferroni P<0.05 adjusted for 8141 analyzed genes in total, or P<~6.1 × 10-6), all with the same direction of effect, thus providing corroborative evidence despite each sample of fully independent subjects being studied by different technological approaches. Meta-analysis of the RNAseq and array data sets (797 cases and 1106 controls) showed 169 additional genes (besides those found in the primary RNAseq-based analysis) to be differentially expressed, and provided further evidence of immune gene enrichment. In addition to strengthening our previous array-based gene expression differences in schizophrenia cases versus controls and providing transcriptomic support for some genes implicated by other approaches for schizophrenia, our study detected new genes differentially expressed in schizophrenia. We highlight RNAseq-based differential expression of various genes involved in neurodevelopment and/or neuronal function, and discuss caveats of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA. E-mail:
| | - E I Drigalenko
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J Duan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W Moy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - J Freda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - H H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - P V Gejman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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33
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Magistri M, Khoury N, Mazza EMC, Velmeshev D, Lee JK, Bicciato S, Tsoulfas P, Faghihi MA. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of astrocytes differentiation from human neural progenitor cells. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2858-2870. [PMID: 27564458 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a morphologically and functionally heterogeneous population of cells that play critical roles in neurodevelopment and in the regulation of central nervous system homeostasis. Studies of human astrocytes have been hampered by the lack of specific molecular markers and by the difficulties associated with purifying and culturing astrocytes from adult human brains. Human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with self-renewal and multipotent properties represent an appealing model system to gain insight into the developmental genetics and function of human astrocytes, but a comprehensive molecular characterization that confirms the validity of this cellular system is still missing. Here we used an unbiased transcriptomic analysis to characterize in vitro culture of human NPCs and to define the gene expression programs activated during the differentiation of these cells into astrocytes using FBS or the combination of CNTF and BMP4. Our results demonstrate that in vitro cultures of human NPCs isolated during the gliogenic phase of neurodevelopment mainly consist of radial glial cells (RGCs) and glia-restricted progenitor cells. In these cells the combination of CNTF and BMP4 activates the JAK/STAT and SMAD signaling cascades, leading to the inhibition of oligodendrocytes lineage commitment and activation of astrocytes differentiation. On the other hand, FBS-derived astrocytes have properties of reactive astrocytes. Our work suggests that in vitro culture of human NPCs represents a valuable cellular system to study human disorders characterized by impairment of astrocytes development and function. Our datasets represent an important resource for researchers studying human astrocytes development and might set the basis for the discovery of novel human-specific astrocyte markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Magistri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB 508, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nathalie Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB 508, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Emilia Maria Cristina Mazza
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Dmitry Velmeshev
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB 508, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB 508, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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34
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Salmina AB, Komleva YK, Lopatina OL, Kuvacheva NV, Gorina YV, Panina YA, Uspenskaya YA, Petrova MM, Demko IV, Zamay AS, Malinovskaya NA. Astroglial control of neuroinflammation: TLR3-mediated dsRNA-sensing pathways are in the focus. Rev Neurosci 2016; 26:143-59. [PMID: 25528762 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is as an important component of pathogenesis in many types of brain pathology. Immune mechanisms regulate neuroplasticity, memory formation, neurogenesis, behavior, brain development, cognitive functions, and brain metabolism. It is generally believed that essential homeostatic functions of astrocytes - astroglia-neuron metabolic coupling, gliovascular control, regulation of proliferation, and migration of cells in the neurogenic niches - are compromised in neuroinflammation resulting in excitotoxicity, neuronal and glial cell death, and alterations of intercellular communication. Viral neuroinfection, release of non-coding RNAs from the cells at the sites of brain injury or degeneration, and application of siRNA or RNA aptamers as therapeutic agents would require dsRNA-sensing pathways in the cells of neuronal and non-neuronal origin. In this review, we analyze the data regarding the role of astrocytes in dsRNA-initiated innate immune response in neuroinflammation and their contribution to progression of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental pathology.
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35
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Bernstein HG, Piontkewitz Y, Keilhoff G. Commentary: Maternal immune activation evoked by polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid does not evoke microglial cell activation in the embryo. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:41. [PMID: 26941606 PMCID: PMC4763168 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yael Piontkewitz
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Strauss Center for Computational Neuroimaging, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
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36
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Ibi D, Yamada K. Therapeutic Targets for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Emerging from Animal Models with Perinatal Immune Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28218-29. [PMID: 26633355 PMCID: PMC4691039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing epidemiological evidence indicates that perinatal infection with various viral pathogens enhances the risk for several psychiatric disorders. The pathophysiological significance of astrocyte interactions with neurons and/or gut microbiomes has been reported in neurodevelopmental disorders triggered by pre- and postnatal immune insults. Recent studies with the maternal immune activation or neonatal polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid models of neurodevelopmental disorders have identified various candidate molecules that could be responsible for brain dysfunction. Here, we review the functions of several candidate molecules in neurodevelopment and brain function and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
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37
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Wee YS, Weis JJ, Gahring LC, Rogers SW, Weis JH. Age-related onset of obesity corresponds with metabolic dysregulation and altered microglia morphology in mice deficient for Ifitm proteins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123218. [PMID: 25856311 PMCID: PMC4391874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The IfitmDel mouse lacks all five of the Ifitm genes via LoxP deletion. This animal breeds normally with no obvious defect in development. The IfitmDel animals exhibit a steady and significantly enhanced weight gain relative to wild-type controls beginning about three months of age and under normal feeding conditions. The increased weight corresponds with elevated fat mass, and in tolerance tests they are hyporesponsive to insulin but respond normally to glucose. Both young (4 mo) and older (12 mo) IfitmDel mice have enhanced levels of serum leptin suggesting a defect in leptin/leptin receptor signaling. Analysis of the gene expression profiles in the hypothalamus of IfitmDel animals, compared to WT, demonstrated an altered ratio of Pomc and Npy neuropeptide expression, which likely impairs the satiation response of the IfitmDel animal leading to an increased eating behavior. Also elevated in hypothalamus of IfitmDel mice were pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and reduced IL-10. Anatomical analysis of the hypothalamus using immunohistochemistry revealed that microglia exhibit an abnormal morphology in IfitmDel animals and respond abnormally to Poly:IC challenge. These abnormalities extend the phenotype of the IfitmDel mouse beyond abnormal responses to viral challenge to include a metabolic phenotype and weight gain. Further, this novel phenotype for the IfitmDel mouse could be related to abnormal neuropeptide production, inflammatory status and microglia status in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shen Wee
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Janis J. Weis
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lorise C. Gahring
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Rogers
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - John H. Weis
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Girdin phosphorylation is crucial for synaptic plasticity and memory: a potential role in the interaction of BDNF/TrkB/Akt signaling with NMDA receptor. J Neurosci 2015; 34:14995-5008. [PMID: 25378165 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2228-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons has been thought to represent a variety of memories. Although accumulating evidence indicates a crucial role of BDNF/TrkB/Akt signaling in the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus, the mechanism by which Akt, a serine/threonine kinase, controls activity-dependent neuronal plasticity remains unclear. Girdin (also known as APE, GIV, and HkRP1), an actin-binding protein involved both in the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and in cell migration, has been identified as a substrate of Akt. Previous studies have demonstrated that deficit of neuronal migration in the hippocampus of Girdin-deficient (Girdin(-/-)) mice is independent on serine phosphorylation of Girdin at S1416 (Girdin S1416) by Akt. In the present study, we focused on the role of Girdin S1416 phosphorylation in BDNF/TrkB/Akt signaling associated with synaptic plasticity. We found that Girdin in the hippocampus was phosphorylated at S1416 in an activity-dependent manner. Phosphorylation-deficient knock-in mice (Girdin(SA/SA) mice), in which S1416 is replaced with alanine, exhibited shrinkage of spines, deficit of hippocampal long-term potentiation, and memory impairment. These phenotypes of Girdin(SA/SA) mice resembled those of Girdin(+/-) mice, which have 50% loss of Girdin expression. Furthermore, Girdin interacted with Src kinase and NR2B subunit of NMDA receptor, leading to phosphorylation of the NR2B subunit and NMDA receptor activation. Our findings suggest that Girdin has two different functions in the hippocampus: Akt-independent neuronal migration and Akt-dependent NR2B phosphorylation through the interaction with Src, which is associated with synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus underlying memory formation.
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Schmidt MJ, Mirnics K. Neurodevelopment, GABA system dysfunction, and schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:190-206. [PMID: 24759129 PMCID: PMC4262918 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The origins of schizophrenia have eluded clinicians and researchers since Kraepelin and Bleuler began documenting their findings. However, large clinical research efforts in recent decades have identified numerous genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia. The combined data strongly support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia and underscore the importance of the common converging effects of diverse insults. In this review, we discuss the evidence that genetic and environmental risk factors that predispose to schizophrenia disrupt the development and normal functioning of the GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Karoly Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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40
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Horváth S, Mirnics K. Schizophrenia as a disorder of molecular pathways. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:22-8. [PMID: 24507510 PMCID: PMC4092052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, transcriptome studies of postmortem tissue from subjects with schizophrenia revealed that synaptic, mitochondrial, immune system, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic, and oligodendrocytic changes are all integral parts of the disease process. The combined genetic and transcriptomic studies argue that the molecular underpinnings of the disease are even more varied than the symptomatic diversity of schizophrenia. Ultimately, to decipher the pathophysiology of human disorders in general, we will need to understand the function of hundreds of genes and regulatory elements in our genome and the consequences of their overexpression and reduced expression in a developmental context. Furthermore, integration of knowledge from various data sources remains a monumental challenge that has to be systematically addressed in the upcoming decades. In the end, our success in interpreting the molecular changes in schizophrenia will depend on our ability to understand the biology using innovative ideas and cannot depend on the hope of developing novel, more powerful technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szatmár Horváth
- Department of Psychiatry; Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Károly Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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41
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Nagai T. [Effects of genetic and environmental factors on neuropsychological development]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 134:1029-35. [PMID: 25274212 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in early brain development contribute to the etiology of many neurological disorders in later life. Recent advances in genome analysis indicate that large numbers of common gene variants shape any individual's disease risk, including that for major mental illnesses. Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (polyI:C) is known to induce strong innate immune responses that mimic immune activation by viral infections. Our previous findings suggest that activation of the innate immune system in astrocytes results in impairments of neurite outgrowth and spine formation, which lead to behavioral abnormalities in adulthood. Although glial cells are classically thought to provide structural and metabolic support to neurons, they are now widely recognized as essential regulators of neuronal development including neuronal migration, axon and dendrite growth, formation of synapses, and synaptic plasticity. Astrocytes also play critical roles in regulating CNS immune function by responding to inflammatory mediators and producing additional cytokines and chemokines. Most of the functions of astrocytes are mediated by the release of humoral factors through a close interaction with neurons. However, the mechanism by which innate immune activation of astrocytes affects neuronal development remains to be determined. To explore the alteration in proteins secreted from murine astrocytes after polyI:C stimulation, astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) was analyzed by 2-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). We identified matrix metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp3) as a potential mediator of polyI:C/ACM-induced neurodevelopmental impairment. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanism of neurodevelopmental impairment following polyI:C-induced innate immune activation of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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42
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Nakajima A, Ibi D, Nagai T, Yamada S, Nabeshima T, Yamada K. Induction of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 gene expression by lipopolysaccharide in astrocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 745:166-75. [PMID: 25218983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are important modulators of the immune and inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system. We have recently demonstrated the role of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) in long-lasting neuronal impairments in mice following neonatal immune challenge by injections of the double-stranded RNA analog polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid. Here, we show that IFITM3 is induced after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in cultured astrocytes. The induction of IFITM3 by LPS was completely suppressed by the addition of anti-interferon-β (IFN-β) antibody. In addition, neutralization of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with its antibody partially inhibited the induction of IFITM3, suggesting that LPS induces IFITM3 through autocrine secretion of IFN-β and TNF-α. Furthermore, experiments using pharmacological inhibitors suggest that LPS induces IFITM3 through activation of TANK-binding kinase 1, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB pathways. Together, these findings may provide new insight into the role of IFITM3 in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental diseases associated with immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; Department of Regional Pharmaceutical Care and Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
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Siegel BI, Sengupta EJ, Edelson JR, Lewis DA, Volk DW. Elevated viral restriction factor levels in cortical blood vessels in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:160-7. [PMID: 24209773 PMCID: PMC3969896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher tissue transcript levels of immune-related markers-including the recently discovered viral restriction factor interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM), which inhibits viral entry and replication-have been reported in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Interestingly, mouse models of neuroinflammation have higher IFITM levels and deficits in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-related markers that are similar to findings in schizophrenia, suggesting that a shared pathogenetic process might underlie diverse cortical pathology in the disorder. However, the cell types that overexpress IFITM messenger RNA (mRNA) in schizophrenia are unknown, and it is unclear whether higher IFITM mRNA levels are associated with lower GABA-related marker levels in the same schizophrenia subjects. METHODS We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization with film and grain counting analyses to quantify IFITM mRNA levels in prefrontal cortex area 9 of 57 schizophrenia and 57 healthy comparison subjects and in antipsychotic-exposed monkeys. RESULTS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization film analysis revealed markedly elevated IFITM mRNA levels (+114% and +117%, respectively) in prefrontal gray matter in schizophrenia. Interestingly, emulsion-dipped, Nissl-stained sections from schizophrenia and comparison subjects revealed IFITM mRNA expression in pia mater and blood vessels. The IFITM grain density over blood vessels was 71% higher in schizophrenia. The IFITM mRNA levels were negatively correlated with GABA-related mRNAs in the same schizophrenia subjects. CONCLUSIONS The finding that schizophrenia subjects with higher IFITM mRNA levels in cortical blood vessels have greater disturbances in cortical GABA neurons suggests that these cell-type distinct pathological disturbances might be influenced by a shared upstream insult that involves immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jessica R Edelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David W Volk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Yamada S, Nagai T, Nakai T, Ibi D, Nakajima A, Yamada K. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 is a possible mediator of neurodevelopmental impairment due to polyI:C-induced innate immune activation of astrocytes. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 38:272-82. [PMID: 24594387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing epidemiological evidence indicates that prenatal infection and childhood central nervous system infection with various viral pathogens enhance the risk for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (polyI:C) is known to induce strong innate immune responses that mimic immune activation by viral infections. Our previous findings suggested that activation of the innate immune system in astrocytes results in impairments of neurite outgrowth and spine formation, which lead to behavioral abnormalities in adulthood. To identify candidates of astrocyte-derived humoral factors that affect neuronal development, we analyzed astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) from murine astrocyte cultures treated with polyI:C (polyI:C-ACM) by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Through a quantitative proteomic screen, we found that 13 protein spots were differentially expressed compared with ACM from vehicle-treated astrocytes (control-ACM), and characterized one of the candidates, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp3). PolyI:C treatment significantly increased the expression levels of Mmp3 mRNA and protein in astrocytes, but not microglia. PolyI:C-ACM was associated with significantly higher Mmp3 protein level and enzyme activity than control-ACM. The addition of recombinant Mmp3 into control-ACM impaired dendritic elongation of primary cultured hippocampal neurons, while the deleterious effect of polyI:C-ACM on neurite elongation was attenuated by knockdown of Mmp3 in astrocytes. These results suggest that Mmp3 is a possible mediator of polyI:C-ACM-induced neurodevelopmental impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
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Horváth S, Mirnics K. Immune system disturbances in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:316-23. [PMID: 23890736 PMCID: PMC3841236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological, genetic, transcriptome, postmortem, peripheral biomarker, and therapeutic studies of schizophrenia all point to a dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems in the disease, and it is likely that these immune changes actively contribute to disease symptoms. Gene expression disturbances in the brain of subjects with schizophrenia show complex, region-specific changes with consistently replicated and potentially interdependent induction of serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 3 (SERPINA3) and interferon inducible transmembrane protein (IFITM) family transcripts in the prefrontal cortex. Recent data suggest that IFITM3 expression is a critical mediator of maternal immune activation. Because the IFITM gene family is primarily expressed in the endothelial cells and meninges, and because the meninges play a critical role in interneuron development, we suggest that these two non-neuronal cell populations might play an important role in the disease pathophysiology. Finally, we propose that IFITM3 in particular might be a novel, appealing, knowledge-based drug target for treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szatmár Horváth
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Károly Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
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Smyth AM, Lawrie SM. The neuroimmunology of schizophrenia. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 11:107-17. [PMID: 24465246 PMCID: PMC3897758 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2013.11.3.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a polygenic, multi-factorial disorder and a definitive understanding of its pathophysiology has been lacking since it was first described more than a century ago. The predominant pharmacological approach used to treat SCZ is the use of dopamine receptor antagonists. The fact that many patients remain symptomatic, despite complying with medication regimens, emphasises the need for a more encompassing explanation for both the causes and treatment of SCZ. Recent neuroanatomical, neurobiological, environmental and genetic studies have revived the idea that inflammatory pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of SCZ. These new insights have emerged from multiple lines of evidence, including the levels of inflammatory proteins in the central nervous system of patients with SCZ and animal models. This review focuses on aberrant inflammatory mechanisms present both before and during the onset of the psychotic symptoms that characterise SCZ and discusses recent research into adjunctive immune system modulating therapies for its more effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annya M. Smyth
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Lawrie
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Gene expression profiling by mRNA sequencing reveals increased expression of immune/inflammation-related genes in the hippocampus of individuals with schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e321. [PMID: 24169640 PMCID: PMC3818014 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome expression profiling in postmortem brain tissue has recently provided insight into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous microarray and RNA-Seq studies identified several biological processes including synaptic function, mitochondrial function and immune/inflammation response as altered in the cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. Now using RNA-Seq data from the hippocampus, we have identified 144 differentially expressed genes in schizophrenia cases as compared with unaffected controls. Immune/inflammation response was the main biological process over-represented in these genes. The upregulation of several of these genes, IFITM1, IFITM2, IFITM3, APOL1 (Apolipoprotein L1), ADORA2A (adenosine receptor 2A), IGFBP4 and CD163 were validated in the schizophrenia subjects using data from the SNCID database and with quantitative RT-PCR. We identified a co-expression module associated with schizophrenia that includes the majority of differentially expressed genes related to immune/inflammation response as well as with the density of parvalbumin-containing neurons in the hippocampus. The results indicate that abnormal immune/inflammation response in the hippocampus may underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and may be associated with abnormalities in the parvalbumin-containing neurons that lead to the cognitive deficits of the disease.
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Hida H, Mouri A, Ando Y, Mori K, Mamiya T, Iwamoto K, Ozaki N, Yamada K, Nabeshima T, Noda Y. Combination of neonatal PolyI:C and adolescent phencyclidine treatments is required to induce behavioral abnormalities with overexpression of GLAST in adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2013; 258:34-42. [PMID: 24060653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative incidences of multiple risk factors are related to pathology of psychiatric disorders. The present study was designed to examine combinative effects of a neonatal immune challenge with adolescent abused substance treatment on the psychological behaviors and molecular expressions in the adult. C57BL/6J mice were neonatally treated, with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (PolyI:C: 5mg/kg) during postnatal days (PD) 2-6, then with phencyclidine (PCP: 10mg/kg) during adolescence (PD35-41). Locomotor activity was analyzed to evaluate sensitivity to PCP on PD35 and PD41. Emotional and cognitive tests were carried out on PD42-48. Neonatal PolyI:C treatment markedly enhanced sensitivity to PCP- and methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity in the adolescent. Mice treated with both neonatal PolyI:C and adolescent PCP (PolyI:C/PCP) showed social deficit and object recognition memory impairment. The expression of glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly increased in the (PolyI:C/PCP)-treated mice. Infusion of glutamate transporter inhibitor (DL-TBOA: 1 nmol/bilaterally) into the PFC reversed the object recognition impairment in the (PolyI:C/PCP)-treated mice. These results indicate that the combined treatment of neonatal PolyI:C with adolescent PCP leads to behavioral abnormalities, which were associated with increase of GLAST expression in the adult PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Hida
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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