1
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Qarot E, Guan Y, Hanani M. The protective barrier role of satellite glial cells in sensory ganglia. Glia 2024; 72:1054-1066. [PMID: 38450799 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Neurons in sensory ganglia are wrapped completely by satellite glial cells (SGCs). One putative function of SGCs is to regulate the neuronal microenvironment, but this role has received only little attention. In this study we investigated whether the SGC envelope serves a barrier function and how SGCs may control the neuronal microenvironment. We studied this question on short-term (<24 h) cell cultures of dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia from adult mice, which contain neurons surrounded with SGCs, and neurons that are not. Using calcium imaging, we measured neuronal responses to molecules with established actions on sensory neurons. We found that neurons surrounded by SGCs had a smaller response to molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutamate, GABA, and bradykinin than neurons without glial cover. When we inhibited the activity of NTPDases, which hydrolyze the ATP, and also when we inhibited the glutamate and GABA transporters on SGCs, this difference in the neuronal response was no longer observed. We conclude that the SGC envelope does not hinder diffusional passage, but acts as a metabolic barrier that regulates the neuronal microenvironment, and can protect the neurons and modulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Qarot
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Menachem Hanani
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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2
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Luedke KP, Yoshino J, Yin C, Jiang N, Huang JM, Huynh K, Parrish JZ. Dendrite intercalation between epidermal cells tunes nociceptor sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in Drosophila larvae. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011237. [PMID: 38662763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
An animal's skin provides a first point of contact with the sensory environment, including noxious cues that elicit protective behavioral responses. Nociceptive somatosensory neurons densely innervate and intimately interact with epidermal cells to receive these cues, however the mechanisms by which epidermal interactions shape processing of noxious inputs is still poorly understood. Here, we identify a role for dendrite intercalation between epidermal cells in tuning sensitivity of Drosophila larvae to noxious mechanical stimuli. In wild-type larvae, dendrites of nociceptive class IV da neurons intercalate between epidermal cells at apodemes, which function as body wall muscle attachment sites, but not at other sites in the epidermis. From a genetic screen we identified miR-14 as a regulator of dendrite positioning in the epidermis: miR-14 is expressed broadly in the epidermis but not in apodemes, and miR-14 inactivation leads to excessive apical dendrite intercalation between epidermal cells. We found that miR-14 regulates expression and distribution of the epidermal Innexins ogre and Inx2 and that these epidermal gap junction proteins restrict epidermal dendrite intercalation. Finally, we found that altering the extent of epidermal dendrite intercalation had corresponding effects on nociception: increasing epidermal intercalation sensitized larvae to noxious mechanical inputs and increased mechanically evoked calcium responses in nociceptive neurons, whereas reducing epidermal dendrite intercalation had the opposite effects. Altogether, these studies identify epidermal dendrite intercalation as a mechanism for mechanical coupling of nociceptive neurons to the epidermis, with nociceptive sensitivity tuned by the extent of intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kory P Luedke
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington State, United States of America
| | - Jiro Yoshino
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington State, United States of America
| | - Chang Yin
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington State, United States of America
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington State, United States of America
| | - Jessica M Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington State, United States of America
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington State, United States of America
| | - Jay Z Parrish
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington State, United States of America
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3
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Bang S, Jiang C, Xu J, Chandra S, McGinnis A, Luo X, He Q, Li Y, Wang Z, Ao X, Parisien M, Fernandes de Araujo LO, Jahangiri Esfahani S, Zhang Q, Tonello R, Berta T, Diatchenko L, Ji RR. Satellite glial GPR37L1 and its ligand maresin 1 regulate potassium channel signaling and pain homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173537. [PMID: 38530364 PMCID: PMC11060744 DOI: 10.1172/jci173537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 37-like 1 (GPR37L1) is an orphan GPCR with largely unknown functions. Here, we report that Gpr37l1/GRP37L1 ranks among the most highly expressed GPCR transcripts in mouse and human dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and is selectively expressed in satellite glial cells (SGCs). Peripheral neuropathy induced by streptozotoxin (STZ) and paclitaxel (PTX) led to reduced GPR37L1 expression on the plasma membrane in mouse and human DRGs. Transgenic mice with Gpr37l1 deficiency exhibited impaired resolution of neuropathic pain symptoms following PTX- and STZ-induced pain, whereas overexpression of Gpr37l1 in mouse DRGs reversed pain. GPR37L1 is coexpressed with potassium channels, including KCNJ10 (Kir4.1) in mouse SGCs and both KCNJ3 (Kir3.1) and KCNJ10 in human SGCs. GPR37L1 regulates the surface expression and function of the potassium channels. Notably, the proresolving lipid mediator maresin 1 (MaR1) serves as a ligand of GPR37L1 and enhances KCNJ10- or KCNJ3-mediated potassium influx in SGCs through GPR37L1. Chemotherapy suppressed KCNJ10 expression and function in SGCs, which MaR1 rescued through GPR37L1. Finally, genetic analysis revealed that the GPR37L1-E296K variant increased chronic pain risk by destabilizing the protein and impairing the protein's function. Thus, GPR37L1 in SGCs offers a therapeutic target for the protection of neuropathy and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsu Bang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sharat Chandra
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aidan McGinnis
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xin Luo
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qianru He
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zilong Wang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiang Ao
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marc Parisien
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lorenna Oliveira Fernandes de Araujo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sahel Jahangiri Esfahani
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Hanani M. Satellite Glial Cells in Human Disease. Cells 2024; 13:566. [PMID: 38607005 PMCID: PMC11011452 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are the main type of glial cells in sensory ganglia. Animal studies have shown that these cells play essential roles in both normal and disease states. In a large number of pain models, SGCs were activated and contributed to the pain behavior. Much less is known about SGCs in humans, but there is emerging recognition that SGCs in humans are altered in a variety of clinical states. The available data show that human SGCs share some essential features with SGCs in rodents, but many differences do exist. SGCs in DRG from patients suffering from common painful diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia, may contribute to the pain phenotype. It was found that immunoglobulins G (IgG) from fibromyalgia patients can induce pain-like behavior in mice. Moreover, these IgGs bind preferentially to SGCs and activate them, which can sensitize the sensory neurons, causing nociception. In other human diseases, the evidence is not as direct as in fibromyalgia, but it has been found that an antibody from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis binds to mouse SGCs, which leads to the release of pronociceptive factors from them. Herpes zoster is another painful disease, and it appears that the zoster virus resides in SGCs, which acquire an abnormal morphology and may participate in the infection and pain generation. More work needs to be undertaken on SGCs in humans, and this review points to several promising avenues for better understanding disease mechanisms and developing effective pain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menachem Hanani
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; ; Tel.: +972-2-5844721
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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5
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Black BJ, Ghazal RE, Lojek N, Williams V, Rajput JS, Lawson JM. Phenotypic Screening of Prospective Analgesics Among FDA-Approved Compounds using an iPSC-Based Model of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Nociception. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303724. [PMID: 38189546 PMCID: PMC10953557 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Classical target-based drug screening is low-throughput, largely subjective, and costly. Phenotypic screening based on in vitro models is increasingly being used to identify candidate compounds that modulate complex cell/tissue functions. Chronic inflammatory nociception, and subsequent chronic pain conditions, affect peripheral sensory neuron activity (e.g., firing of action potentials) through myriad pathways, and remain unaddressed in regard to effective, non-addictive management/treatment options. Here, a chronic inflammatory nociception model is demonstrated based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) sensory neurons and glia, co-cultured on microelectrode arrays (MEAs). iPSC sensory co-cultures exhibit coordinated spontaneous extracellular action potential (EAP) firing, reaching a stable baseline after ≈27 days in vitro (DIV). Spontaneous and evoked EAP metrics are significantly modulated by 24-h incubation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), representing an inflammatory phenotype. Compared with positive controls (lidocaine), this model is identified as an "excellent" stand-alone assay based on a modified Z' assay quality metric. This model is then used to screen 15 cherry-picked, off-label, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounds; 10 of 15 are identified as "hits". Both hits and "misses" are discussed in turn. In total, this data suggests that iPSC sensory co-cultures on MEAs may represent a moderate-to-high-throughput assay for drug discovery targeting inflammatory nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan James Black
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | - Rasha El Ghazal
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | - Neal Lojek
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | - Victoria Williams
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | - Jai Singh Rajput
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | - Jennifer M. Lawson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFrancis College of EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
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6
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Lataro RM, Brognara F, Iturriaga R, Paton JFR. Inflammation of some visceral sensory systems and autonomic dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. Auton Neurosci 2024; 251:103137. [PMID: 38104365 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The sensitization and hypertonicity of visceral afferents are highly relevant to the development and progression of cardiovascular and respiratory disease states. In this review, we described the evidence that the inflammatory process regulates visceral afferent sensitivity and tonicity, affecting the control of the cardiovascular and respiratory system. Some inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and arginine vasopressin may inhibit baroreceptor afferents and contribute to the baroreflex impairment observed in cardiovascular diseases. Cytokines may act directly on peripheral afferent terminals that transmit information to the central nervous system (CNS). TLR-4 receptors, which recognize lipopolysaccharide, were identified in the nodose and petrosal ganglion and have been implicated in disrupting the blood-brain barrier, which can potentiate the inflammatory process. For example, cytokines may cross the blood-brain barrier to access the CNS. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and some of their receptors have been identified in the nodose ganglion and carotid body. These pro-inflammatory cytokines also sensitize the dorsal root ganglion or are released in the nucleus of the solitary tract. In cardiovascular disease, pro-inflammatory mediators increase in the brain, heart, vessels, and plasma and may act locally or systemically to activate/sensitize afferent nervous terminals. Recent evidence demonstrated that the carotid body chemoreceptor cells might sense systemic pro-inflammatory molecules, supporting the novel proposal that the carotid body is part of the afferent pathway in the central anti-inflammatory reflexes. The exact mechanisms of how pro-inflammatory mediators affects visceral afferent signals and contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases awaits future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Lataro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - F Brognara
- Department of Nursing, General and Specialized, Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Iturriaga
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina en Altura - FIMEDALT, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - J F R Paton
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Llorián-Salvador M, Cabeza-Fernández S, Gomez-Sanchez JA, de la Fuente AG. Glial cell alterations in diabetes-induced neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:47. [PMID: 38236305 PMCID: PMC10796438 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic that due to its increasing prevalence worldwide will likely become the most common debilitating health condition. Even if diabetes is primarily a metabolic disorder, it is now well established that key aspects of the pathogenesis of diabetes are associated with nervous system alterations, including deleterious chronic inflammation of neural tissues, referred here as neuroinflammation, along with different detrimental glial cell responses to stress conditions and neurodegenerative features. Moreover, diabetes resembles accelerated aging, further increasing the risk of developing age-linked neurodegenerative disorders. As such, the most common and disabling diabetic comorbidities, namely diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive decline, are intimately associated with neurodegeneration. As described in aging and other neurological disorders, glial cell alterations such as microglial, astrocyte, and Müller cell increased reactivity and dysfunctionality, myelin loss and Schwann cell alterations have been broadly described in diabetes in both human and animal models, where they are key contributors to chronic noxious inflammation of neural tissues within the PNS and CNS. In this review, we aim to describe in-depth the common and unique aspects underlying glial cell changes observed across the three main diabetic complications, with the goal of uncovering shared glial cells alterations and common pathological mechanisms that will enable the discovery of potential targets to limit neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegeneration in all three diabetic complications. Diabetes and its complications are already a public health concern due to its rapidly increasing incidence, and thus its health and economic impact. Hence, understanding the key role that glial cells play in the pathogenesis underlying peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and cognitive decline in diabetes will provide us with novel therapeutic approaches to tackle diabetic-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Llorián-Salvador
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
| | - Sonia Cabeza-Fernández
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Alerie G de la Fuente
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
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8
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Zhao Q, Jiang C, Zhao L, Dai X, Yi S. Unleashing Axonal Regeneration Capacities: Neuronal and Non-neuronal Changes After Injuries to Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Central and Peripheral Axonal Branches. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:423-433. [PMID: 37620687 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves obtain remarkable regenerative capacity while central nerves can hardly regenerate following nerve injury. Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are widely used to decipher the dissimilarity between central and peripheral axonal regeneration as axons of DRG neurons bifurcate into the regeneration-incompetent central projections and the regeneration-competent peripheral projections. A conditioning peripheral branch injury facilitates central axonal regeneration and enables the growth and elongation of central axons. Peripheral axonal injury stimulates neuronal calcium influx, alters the start-point chromatin states, increases chromatin accessibility, upregulates the expressions of regeneration-promoting genes and the synthesis of proteins, and supports axonal regeneration. Following central axonal injury, the responses of DRG neurons are modest, resulting in poor intrinsic growth ability. Some non-neuronal cells in DRGs, for instance satellite glial cells, also exhibit diminished injury responses to central axon injury as compared with peripheral axon injury. Moreover, DRG central and peripheral axonal branches are respectively surrounded by inhibitory glial scars generated by central glial cells and a permissive microenvironment generated by Schwann cells and macrophages. The aim of this review is to look at changes of DRG neurons and non-neuronal cells after peripheral and central axon injuries and summarize the contributing roles of both neuronal intrinsic regenerative capacities and surrounding microenvironments in axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Bang S, Jiang C, Xu J, Chandra S, McGinnis A, Luo X, He Q, Li Y, Wang Z, Ao X, Parisien M, Fernandes de Araujo LO, Esfahan SJ, Zhang Q, Tonello R, Berta T, Diatchenko L, Ji RR. Satellite glial GPR37L1 regulates maresin and potassium channel signaling for pain control. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.03.569787. [PMID: 38106084 PMCID: PMC10723316 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.03.569787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptor 37-like 1 (GPR37L1) is an orphan GPCR and its function remains largely unknown. Here we report that GPR37L1 transcript is highly expressed compared to all known GPCRs in mouse and human dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and selectively expressed in satellite glial cells (SGCs). Peripheral neuropathy following diabetes and chemotherapy by streptozotocin and paclitaxel resulted in downregulations of surface GPR37L1 in mouse and human DRGs. Transgenic mice with Gpr37l1 deficiency exhibited impaired resolution of neuropathic pain symptom (mechanical allodynia), whereas overexpression of Gpr37l1 in mouse DRGs can reverse neuropathic pain. Notably, GPR37L1 is co-expressed and coupled with potassium channels in SGCs. We found striking species differences in potassium channel expression in SGCs, with predominant expression of KCNJ10 and KCNJ3 in mouse and human SGCs, respectively. GPR37L1 regulates the surface expression and function of KCNJ10 and KCNJ3. We identified the pro-resolving lipid mediator maresin 1 (MaR1) as a GPR37L1 ligand. MaR1 increases KCNJ10/KCNJ3-mediated potassium influx in SGCs via GPR37L1. MaR1 protected chemotherapy-induced suppression of KCNJ13/KCNJ10 expression and function in SGCs. Finally, genetic analysis revealed that the GPR37L1-E296K variant is associated with increased chronic pain risk by destabilizing the protein. Thus, GPR37L1 in SGCs offers a new target for neuropathy protection and pain control.
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10
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Wang H, Chen L, Xing J, Shi X, Xu C. Naringin inhibits P2X4 receptor expression on satellite glial cells in the neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion. J Appl Biomed 2023; 21:193-199. [PMID: 38112458 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2023.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringin inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress, the P2 purinoreceptor X4 receptor (P2X4R) is associated with glial cell activation and inflammation, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of naringin on P2X4 receptor expression on satellite glial cells (SGCs) and its possible mechanisms. ATP promoted the SGC activation and upregulated P2X4R expression; naringin inhibited SGC activation, decreased expression of P2X4R, P38 MAPK/ERK, and NF-κB, and reduced levels of Ca2+, TNF-α, and IL-1β in SGCs in an ATP-containing environment. These findings suggest that naringin attenuates the ATP-induced SGC activation and reduces P2X4R expression via the Ca2+-P38 MAPK/ERK-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Wang
- Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Department of Physiology, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Chen
- Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Department of Physiology, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Juping Xing
- Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Department of Physiology, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiangchao Shi
- Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Department of Physiology, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Department of Physiology, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Medical College, School of Clinical Medicine, Shangrao, 334000, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shangrao, 334000, P.R. China
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11
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Mecklenburg J, Shein SA, Malmir M, Hovhannisyan AH, Weldon K, Zou Y, Lai Z, Jin YF, Ruparel S, Tumanov AV, Akopian AN. Transcriptional profiles of non-neuronal and immune cells in mouse trigeminal ganglia. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1274811. [PMID: 38028432 PMCID: PMC10644122 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1274811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-neuronal cells constitute 90%-95% of sensory ganglia. These cells, especially glial and immune cells, play critical roles in the modulation of sensory neurons. This study aimed to identify, profile, and summarize the types of trigeminal ganglion (TG) non-neuronal cells in naïve male mice using published and our own data generated by single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. TG has five types of non-neuronal cells, namely, glial, fibroblasts, smooth muscle, endothelial, and immune cells. There is an agreement among publications for glial, fibroblasts, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Based on gene profiles, glial cells were classified as myelinated and non-myelinated Schwann cells and satellite glial cells. Mpz has dominant expression in Schwann cells, and Fabp7 is specific for SCG. Two types of Col1a2+ fibroblasts located throughout TG were distinguished. TG smooth muscle and endothelial cells in the blood vessels were detected using well-defined markers. Our study reported three types of macrophages (Mph) and four types of neutrophils (Neu) in TG. Mph were located in the neuronal bodies and nerve fibers and were sub-grouped by unique transcriptomic profiles with Ccr2, Cx3cr1, and Iba1 as markers. A comparison of databases showed that type 1 Mph is similar to choroid plexus-low (CPlo) border-associated Mph (BAMs). Type 2 Mph has the highest prediction score with CPhi BAMs, while type 3 Mph is distinct. S100a8+ Neu were located in the dura surrounding TG and were sub-grouped by clustering and expressions of Csf3r, Ly6G, Ngp, Elane, and Mpo. Integrative analysis of published datasets indicated that Neu-1, Neu-2, and Neu-3 are similar to the brain Neu-1 group, while Neu-4 has a resemblance to the monocyte-derived cells. Overall, the generated and summarized datasets on non-neuronal TG cells showed a unique composition of myeloid cell types in TG and could provide essential and fundamental information for studies on cell plasticity, interactomic networks between neurons and non-neuronal cells, and function during a variety of pain conditions in the head and neck regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mecklenburg
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sergey A. Shein
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics Departments, School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mostafa Malmir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Anahit H. Hovhannisyan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Korri Weldon
- Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yi Zou
- Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Zhao Lai
- Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yu-Fang Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Shivani Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics Departments, School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Armen N. Akopian
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, United States
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12
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Ruan Y, Cheng J, Dai J, Ma Z, Luo S, Yan R, Wang L, Zhou J, Yu B, Tong X, Shen H, Zhou L, Yuan TF, Han Q. Chronic stress hinders sensory axon regeneration via impairing mitochondrial cristae and OXPHOS. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0183. [PMID: 37801508 PMCID: PMC10558127 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to physical limitations, persistent pain, and major lifestyle shifts, enhancing the likelihood of prolonged psychological stress and associated disorders such as anxiety and depression. The mechanisms linking stress with regeneration remain elusive, despite understanding the detrimental impact of chronic stress on SCI recovery. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic stress on primary sensory axon regeneration using a preconditioning lesions mouse model. Our data revealed that chronic stress-induced mitochondrial cristae loss and a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) within primary sensory neurons, impeding central axon regrowth. Corticosterone, a stress hormone, emerged as a pivotal player in this process, affecting satellite glial cells by reducing Kir4.1 expression. This led to increased neuronal hyperactivity and reactive oxygen species levels, which, in turn, deformed mitochondrial cristae and impaired OXPHOS, crucial for axonal regeneration. Our study underscores the need to manage psychological stress in patients with SCI for effective sensory-motor rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ruan
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jiafeng Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhengwen Ma
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Run Yan
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Lizhao Wang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jinrui Zhou
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoping Tong
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qi Han
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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13
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Jurczak A, Sandor K, Bersellini Farinotti A, Krock E, Hunt MA, Agalave NM, Barbier J, Simon N, Wang Z, Rudjito R, Vazquez-Mora JA, Martinez-Martinez A, Raoof R, Eijkelkamp N, Grönwall C, Klareskog L, Jimenéz-Andrade JM, Marchand F, Svensson CI. Insights into FcγR involvement in pain-like behavior induced by an RA-derived anti-modified protein autoantibody. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:212-227. [PMID: 37437817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Joint pain is one of the most debilitating symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients frequently rate improvements in pain management as their priority. RA is hallmarked by the presence of anti-modified protein autoantibodies (AMPA) against post-translationally modified citrullinated, carbamylated and acetylated proteins. It has been suggested that autoantibody-mediated processes represent distinct mechanisms contributing to pain in RA. In this study, we investigated the pronociceptive properties of monoclonal AMPA 1325:01B09 (B09 mAb) derived from the plasma cell of an RA patient. We found that B09 mAb induces pain-like behavior in mice that is not associated with any visual, histological or transcriptional signs of inflammation in the joints, and not alleviated by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Instead, we found that B09 mAb is retained in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and alters the expression of several satellite glia cell (SGC), neuron and macrophage-related factors in DRGs. Using mice that lack activating FcγRs, we uncovered that FcγRs are critical for the development of B09-induced pain-like behavior, and partially drive the transcriptional changes in the DRGs. Finally, we observed that B09 mAb binds SGC in vitro and in combination with external stimuli like ATP enhances transcriptional changes and protein release of pronociceptive factors from SGCs. We propose that certain RA antibodies bind epitopes in the DRG, here on SGCs, form immune complexes and activate resident macrophages via FcγR cross-linking. Our work supports the growing notion that autoantibodies can alter nociceptor signaling via mechanisms that are at large independent of local inflammatory processes in the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jurczak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Alex Bersellini Farinotti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Emerson Krock
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Matthew A Hunt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Nilesh M Agalave
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Julie Barbier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Clermont-Ferrand 38-63001, France
| | - Nils Simon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Zhenggang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Resti Rudjito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Juan Antonio Vazquez-Mora
- Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa Aztlan, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Arisai Martinez-Martinez
- Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa Aztlan, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Ramin Raoof
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Eijkelkamp
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Grönwall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Juan Miguel Jimenéz-Andrade
- Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa Aztlan, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Fabien Marchand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Clermont-Ferrand 38-63001, France
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Sweden.
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14
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Luedke KP, Yoshino J, Yin C, Jiang N, Huang JM, Huynh K, Parrish JZ. Dendrite intercalation between epidermal cells tunes nociceptor sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in Drosophila larvae. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.14.557275. [PMID: 37745567 PMCID: PMC10515945 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
An animal's skin provides a first point of contact with the sensory environment, including noxious cues that elicit protective behavioral responses. Nociceptive somatosensory neurons densely innervate and intimately interact with epidermal cells to receive these cues, however the mechanisms by which epidermal interactions shape processing of noxious inputs is still poorly understood. Here, we identify a role for dendrite intercalation between epidermal cells in tuning sensitivity of Drosophila larvae to noxious mechanical stimuli. In wild-type larvae, dendrites of nociceptive class IV da neurons intercalate between epidermal cells at apodemes, which function as body wall muscle attachment sites, but not at other sites in the epidermis. From a genetic screen we identified miR-14 as a regulator of dendrite positioning in the epidermis: miR-14 is expressed broadly in the epidermis but not in apodemes, and miR-14 inactivation leads to excessive apical dendrite intercalation between epidermal cells. We found that miR-14 regulates expression and distribution of the epidermal Innexins ogre and Inx2 and that these epidermal gap junction proteins restrict epidermal dendrite intercalation. Finally, we found that altering the extent of epidermal dendrite intercalation had corresponding effects on nociception: increasing epidermal intercalation sensitized larvae to noxious mechanical inputs and increased mechanically evoked calcium responses in nociceptive neurons, whereas reducing epidermal dendrite intercalation had the opposite effects. Altogether, these studies identify epidermal dendrite intercalation as a mechanism for mechanical coupling of nociceptive neurons to the epidermis, with nociceptive sensitivity tuned by the extent of intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kory P. Luedke
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Campus Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jiro Yoshino
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Campus Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chang Yin
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Campus Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Campus Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica M. Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Campus Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Campus Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jay Z. Parrish
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Campus Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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15
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Brandt JP, Smith CJ. Piezo1-mediated spontaneous calcium transients in satellite glia impact dorsal root ganglia development. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002319. [PMID: 37747915 PMCID: PMC10564127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous Ca2+ transients of neural cells is a hallmark of the developing nervous system. It is widely accepted that chemical signals, like neurotransmitters, contribute to spontaneous Ca2+ transients in the nervous system. Here, we reveal an additional mechanism of spontaneous Ca2+ transients that is mechanosensitive in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) using intravital imaging of growing dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in zebrafish embryos. GCaMP6s imaging shows that developing DRG satellite glia contain distinct spontaneous Ca2+ transients, classified into simultaneous, isolated, and microdomains. Longitudinal analysis over days in development demonstrates that as DRG satellite glia become more synchronized, isolated Ca2+ transients remain constant. Using a chemical screen, we identify that Ca2+ transients in DRG glia are dependent on mechanical properties, which we confirmed using an experimental application of mechanical force. We find that isolated spontaneous Ca2+ transients of the glia during development is altered by manipulation of mechanosensitive protein Piezo1, which is expressed in the developing ganglia. In contrast, simultaneous Ca2+ transients of DRG satellite glia is not Piezo1-mediated, thus demonstrating that distinct mechanisms mediate subtypes of spontaneous Ca2+ transients. Activating Piezo1 eventually impacts the cell abundance of DRG cells and behaviors that are driven by DRG neurons. Together, our results reveal mechanistically distinct subtypes of Ca2+ transients in satellite glia and introduce mechanobiology as a critical component of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in the developing PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Brandt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- The Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Cody J. Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- The Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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16
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Mecklenburg J, Shein SA, Hovhannisyan AH, Zou Y, Lai Z, Ruparel S, Tumanov AV, Akopian AN. Transcriptional Profiles of Non-neuronal and Immune Cells in Mouse Trigeminal Ganglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.18.553897. [PMID: 37645736 PMCID: PMC10462109 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.18.553897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Non-neuronal cells constitute 90-95% of sensory ganglia. These cells play critical roles in modulation of nociceptive signal transmissions by sensory neurons. Accordingly, the aim of this review-study was to identify, profile and summarize TG non-neuronal cell types in naïve male mice using published and our own data generated by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry (FC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). TG contains 5 types of non-neuronal cells: glial, fibroblasts, smooth muscle, endothelial and immune cells. There is agreement among publications for glial, fibroblasts, smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Based on gene profiles, glial cells were classified as Schwann cells and satellite glial cells (SGC). Mpz had dominant expression in Schwann cells, and Fabp7 is specific for SCG. Two types of Col1a2 + fibroblasts located throughout TG were distinguished using gene profiles. TG smooth muscle and endothelial cells representing blood vessels were detected with well recognized markers. Our study split reported single TG immune cell group into 3 types of macrophages and 4 types of neutrophils. Macrophages were located among neuronal bodies and nerve fibers, and were sub-grouped by unique transcriptomic profiles and using Ccr2 , Cx3cr1 and Iba1 as markers. S100a8 + neutrophils were located in dura surrounding TG and were sub-grouped by clustering and expressions of Csf3r , Ly6G, Ngp, Elane and Mpo . Overall, generated and summarized here dataset on non-neuronal TG cells could provide essential and fundamental information for studies on cell plasticity, interactomic network between neurons and non-neuronal cells and function during variety of pain conditions in the head and neck region.
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17
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Elfarnawany A, Dehghani F. Time- and Concentration-Dependent Adverse Effects of Paclitaxel on Non-Neuronal Cells in Rat Primary Dorsal Root Ganglia. TOXICS 2023; 11:581. [PMID: 37505547 PMCID: PMC10385404 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat a wide range of malignant tumors. Although it has anti-tumoral properties, paclitaxel also shows significant adverse effects on the peripheral nervous system, causing peripheral neuropathy. Paclitaxel has previously been shown to exert direct neurotoxic effects on primary DRG neurons. However, little is known about paclitaxel's effects on non-neuronal DRG cells. They provide mechanical and metabolic support and influence neuronal signaling. In the present study, paclitaxel effects on primary DRG non-neuronal cells were analyzed and their concentration or/and time dependence investigated. DRGs of Wister rats (6-8 weeks old) were isolated, and non-neuronal cell populations were separated by the density gradient centrifugation method. Different concentrations of Paclitaxel (0.01 µM-10 µM) were tested on cell viability by MTT assay, cell death by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and propidium iodide (PI) assay, as well as cell proliferation by Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-treatment. Furthermore, phenotypic effects have been investigated by using immunofluorescence techniques. Paclitaxel exhibited several toxicological effects on non-neuronal cells, including a reduction in cell viability, an increase in cell death, and an inhibition of cell proliferation. These effects were concentration- and time-dependent. Cellular and nuclear changes such as shrinkage, swelling of cell bodies, nuclear condensation, chromatin fragmentation, retraction, and a loss in processes were observed. Paclitaxel showed adverse effects on primary DRG non-neuronal cells, which might have adverse functional consequences on sensory neurons of the DRG, asking for consideration in the management of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Elfarnawany
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
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18
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Bennet BM, Pardo ID, Assaf BT, Buza E, Cramer SD, Crawford LK, Engelhardt JA, Galbreath EJ, Grubor B, Morrison JP, Osborne TS, Sharma AK, Bolon B. Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Technical Review: Biology and Pathology of Ganglia in Animal Species Used for Nonclinical Safety Testing. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:278-305. [PMID: 38047294 DOI: 10.1177/01926233231213851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglia (DRG), trigeminal ganglia (TG), other sensory ganglia, and autonomic ganglia may be injured by some test article classes, including anti-neoplastic chemotherapeutics, adeno-associated virus-based gene therapies, antisense oligonucleotides, nerve growth factor inhibitors, and aminoglycoside antibiotics. This article reviews ganglion anatomy, cytology, and pathology (emphasizing sensory ganglia) among common nonclinical species used in assessing product safety for such test articles (TAs). Principal histopathologic findings associated with sensory ganglion injury include neuron degeneration, necrosis, and/or loss; increased satellite glial cell and/or Schwann cell numbers; and leukocyte infiltration and/or inflammation. Secondary nerve fiber degeneration and/or glial reactions may occur in nerves, dorsal spinal nerve roots, spinal cord (dorsal and occasionally lateral funiculi), and sometimes the brainstem. Ganglion findings related to TA administration may result from TA exposure and/or trauma related to direct TA delivery into the central nervous system or ganglia. In some cases, TA-related effects may need to be differentiated from a spectrum of artifactual and/or spontaneous background changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Buza
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James P Morrison
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Bennet BM, Pardo ID, Assaf BT, Buza E, Cramer S, Crawford LK, Engelhardt JA, Grubor B, Morrison JP, Osborne TS, Sharma AK, Bolon B. Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Sampling, Processing, Evaluation, Interpretation, and Reporting of Test Article-Related Ganglion Pathology for Nonclinical Toxicity Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:176-204. [PMID: 37489508 DOI: 10.1177/01926233231179707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Certain biopharmaceutical products consistently affect dorsal root ganglia, trigeminal ganglia, and/or autonomic ganglia. Product classes targeting ganglia include antineoplastic chemotherapeutics, adeno-associated virus-based gene therapies, antisense oligonucleotides, and anti-nerve growth factor agents. This article outlines "points to consider" for sample collection, processing, evaluation, interpretation, and reporting of ganglion findings; these points are consistent with published best practices for peripheral nervous system evaluation in nonclinical toxicity studies. Ganglion findings often occur as a combination of neuronal injury (e.g., degeneration, necrosis, and/or loss) and/or glial effects (e.g., increased satellite glial cell cellularity) with leukocyte accumulation (e.g., mononuclear cell infiltration or inflammation). Nerve fiber degeneration and/or glial reactions may be seen in nerves, dorsal spinal nerve roots, spinal cord, and occasionally brainstem. Interpretation of test article (TA)-associated effects may be confounded by incidental background changes or experimental procedure-related changes and limited historical control data. Reports should describe findings at these sites, any TA relationship, and the criteria used for assigning severity grades. Contextualizing adversity of ganglia findings can require a weight-of-evidence approach because morphologic changes of variable severity occur in ganglia but often are not accompanied by observable overt in-life functional alterations detectable by conventional behavioral and neurological testing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Buza
- University of Pennsylvania, Gene Therapy Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - LaTasha K Crawford
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - James P Morrison
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Yang R, Du J, Li L, Xu X, Liang S. Central role of purinergic receptors with inflammation in neuropathic pain-related macrophage-SGC-neuron triad. Neuropharmacology 2023; 228:109445. [PMID: 36740014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts on P2 purinergic receptors as an extracellular signaling molecule. P2 purinergic receptors include P2X ionotropic receptors and P2Y metabotropic receptors. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) and macrophages express P2X and P2Y receptors. Inflammatory cytokines and pro-nociceptive mediators are released by activated macrophages and SGCs, which can act on neurons to promote excitability and firing. In the primary sensory ganglia, in response to signals of injury, SGCs and macrophages accumulate around primary sensory neurons, forming a macrophage-SGC-neuron triad. In addition to affecting the pathological alterations of inflammation-related neuropathic pain, inflammatory cytokines and pro-nociceptive mediators are released by the action of ATP on P2X and P2Y receptors in macrophages and SGCs. Macrophages and SGCs work together to enhance and prolong neuropathic pain. The macrophage-SGC-neuron triad communicates with each other through ATP and other inflammatory mediators and maintains and promotes the initiation and development of inflammation related-neuropathic pain. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Yang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpei Du
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Wang F, Ruppell KT, Zhou S, Qu Y, Gong J, Shang Y, Wu J, Liu X, Diao W, Li Y, Xiang Y. Gliotransmission and adenosine signaling promote axon regeneration. Dev Cell 2023; 58:660-676.e7. [PMID: 37028426 PMCID: PMC10173126 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
How glia control axon regeneration remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate glial regulation of regenerative ability differences of closely related Drosophila larval sensory neuron subtypes. Axotomy elicits Ca2+ signals in ensheathing glia, which activates regenerative neurons through the gliotransmitter adenosine and mounts axon regenerative programs. However, non-regenerative neurons do not respond to glial stimulation or adenosine. Such neuronal subtype-specific responses result from specific expressions of adenosine receptors in regenerative neurons. Disrupting gliotransmission impedes axon regeneration of regenerative neurons, and ectopic adenosine receptor expression in non-regenerative neurons suffices to activate regenerative programs and induce axon regeneration. Furthermore, stimulating gliotransmission or activating the mammalian ortholog of Drosophila adenosine receptors in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) promotes axon regrowth after optic nerve crush in adult mice. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that gliotransmission orchestrates neuronal subtype-specific axon regeneration in Drosophila and suggest that targeting gliotransmission or adenosine signaling is a strategy for mammalian central nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Program of Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kendra Takle Ruppell
- Department of Neurobiology, Program of Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Qu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, Program of Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ye Shang
- Department of Neurobiology, Program of Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jinglin Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlin Diao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Program of Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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22
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Amani H, Soltani Khaboushan A, Terwindt GM, Tafakhori A. Glia Signaling and Brain Microenvironment in Migraine. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3911-3934. [PMID: 36995514 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a complicated neurological disorder affecting 6% of men and 18% of women worldwide. Various mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, altered mitochondrial function, neurotransmitter disturbances, cortical hyperexcitability, genetic factors, and endocrine system problems, are responsible for migraine. However, these mechanisms have not completely delineated the pathophysiology behind migraine, and they should be further studied. The brain microenvironment comprises neurons, glial cells, and vascular structures with complex interactions. Disruption of the brain microenvironment is the main culprit behind various neurological disorders. Neuron-glia crosstalk contributes to hyperalgesia in migraine. In the brain, microenvironment and related peripheral regulatory circuits, microglia, astrocytes, and satellite cells are necessary for proper function. These are the most important cells that could induce migraine headaches by disturbing the balance of the neurotransmitters in the nervous system. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are the prominent reactions glial cells drive during migraine. Understanding the role of cellular and molecular components of the brain microenvironment on the major neurotransmitters engaged in migraine pathophysiology facilitates the development of new therapeutic approaches with higher effectiveness for migraine headaches. Investigating the role of the brain microenvironment and neuroinflammation in migraine may help decipher its pathophysiology and provide an opportunity to develop novel therapeutic approaches for its management. This review aims to discuss the neuron-glia interactions in the brain microenvironment during migraine and their potential role as a therapeutic target for the treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Amani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Soltani Khaboushan
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gisela M Terwindt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Tian SX, Xu T, Shi RY, Cai YQ, Wu MH, Zhen SJ, Wang W, Zhou Y, Du JY, Fang JF, Shao XM, Liu BY, Jiang YL, He XF, Fang JQ, Liang Y. Analgesic effect of electroacupuncture on bone cancer pain in rat model: the role of peripheral P2X3 receptor. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:13-27. [PMID: 35478452 PMCID: PMC9984641 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of P2X3 receptor (P2X3R) has been strongly implicated in nociceptive signaling including bone cancer pain (BCP). The present study, using rat bone cancer model, aimed to explore the role of P2X3R in regulating rat pain behavior under the intervention of electroacupuncture (EA). The BCP model was successfully established by injection with MRMT-1 breast cancer cell into the medullary cavity of left tibia for 3 × 104 cells/3 μL PBS in rats as revealed by obvious bone destruction, decreased paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs), and reduced paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs). Western blot analyses showed that P2X3R expression was significantly upregulated in ipsilateral lumbar 4-6 (L4-6) dorsal root ganglia (DRG), but the difference not seen in spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH). With the in-depth study of P2X3R activation, we observed that intrathecal injection of P2X3R agonist α,β-meATP aggravated MRMT-1 induced BCP, while injection of P2X3R inhibitor A-317491 alleviated pain. Subsequently, we demonstrated that BCP induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were attenuated after EA treatment. Under EA treatment, total P2X3R protein expression in ipsilateral DRGs was decreased, and it is worth mentioning that decreased expression of P2X3R membrane protein, which indicated that both the expression and membrane trafficking of P2X3R were inhibited by EA. The immunofluorescence assay showed that EA stimulation exerted functions by reducing the expression of P2X3R-positive cells in ipsilateral DRGs of BCP rats. Ca2+ imaging analysis revealed that the EA stimulation decreased the percentage of α,β-meATP responsive neurons in DRGs and inhibited calcium influx. Notably, the inhibitory effect of EA on mechanical allodynia and nociceptive flinches was abolished by intrathecal injection of α,β-meATP. These findings demonstrated EA stimulation ameliorated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rat model of MRMT-1-induced BCP. EA exerts analgesic effect on BCP by reducing the overexpression and functional activity of P2X3R in ipsilateral DRGs of BCP rats. Our work first demonstrates the critical and overall role of P2X3R in EA's analgesia against peripheral sensitization of MRMT-1-induced BCP and further supports EA as a potential therapeutic option for cancer pain in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xin Tian
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ren-Yi Shi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Sanya Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Yang-Qian Cai
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Hui Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhen
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun-Fan Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fen He
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China.
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24
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Wang Y, Li C, Xing J, Zhu Y, Sun M, Yin S, Liu J, Zou L, Liang S, Liu S. Neohesperidin Alleviates the Neuropathic Pain Behavior of Rats by Downregulating the P2X4 Receptor. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:781-790. [PMID: 36331667 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a type of chronic pain affecting 6-8% of human health as no effective drug exists. The purinergic 2X4 receptor (P2X4R) is involved in NP. Neohesperidin (NH) is a dihydroflavonoside compound, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. This study aimed to investigate whether NH has an effect on P2X4R-mediated NP induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. In this study, the CCI rat model was established to observe the changes of pain behaviors, P2X4R, and satellite glial cells (SGCs) activation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after NH treatment by using RT-PCR, immunofluorescence double labeling and Western blotting. Our results showed CCI rats had mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia with an increased level of P2X4R. Furthermore, SGCs were activated as indicated by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1and interleukin-1β. In addition, phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases and interferon regulatory factor 5 in CCI rats increased. After NH treatment in CCI rats, the levels of above protein decreased, and the pain reduced. Overall, NH can markedly alleviate NP by reducing P2X4R expression and SGCs activation in DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingming Xing
- Department of Basical Medicine, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui Yin
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Academy of Clinical Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Pakkarato S, Sakagami H, Watanabe M, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W, Chomphoo S. Discrete localization patterns of PIP5Kγ and PLCβ3 working sequentially in phosphoinositide-cycle within mouse sensory neuron somata. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:351-358. [PMID: 36579633 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is known that phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5 kinase (PIP5K) γ and phospholipase C (PLC) β3, working sequentially in the phosphoinositide cycle, are localized in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) somata and are involved in the regulation of pain and related sensations. However, the sites of their involvement have remained to be clarified. In the present study, immunoreactivity for PLCβ3 was distinct only in the central process of mouse DRG, but not in its peripheral process, in contrast to distinct PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity in both peripheral and central DRG processes. No nerve terminals showing immunoreactivity for PLCβ3 were detected in any peripheral sensory fields, similar to PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity. In DRG somata, PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity was rather confined to the neurolemma in which dots and threads were discerned in 3D bright field light microscopy. This feature well corresponded to its discontinuous localization along the plasma membranes in immuno-electron microscopy. In contrast, PLCβ3-immunoreactivity occurred diffusely throughout the somata, but did not take distinct appearance of immunoreaction on neurolemma or plasma membranes, unlike PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity. In addition, satellite glial cells were immunonegative for PLCβ3, but immunopositive for PIP5Kγ. The involvement of PLCβ3 in regulation of pain and related sensations is thus suggested to be mainly exerted at levels of the DRG soma and its upstream, but to be less significant in the peripheral sensory fields, similar to PIP5Kγ. The possibility is also suggested that PIP, PIP5Kγ-target, is localized heterogeneously, but PIP2, PLCβ3-target, is localized homogenously over the plane of the neuronal plasma membranes. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: PIP5Kγ, different from PLCβ3, was localized heterogeneously on neuronal membranes, and this difference was demonstrated in 3D-bright field immuno-light and electron microscopy. Either PIP5Kγ or PLCβ3 was not detected in peripheral nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawetree Pakkarato
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surang Chomphoo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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26
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Chu Y, Jia S, Xu K, Liu Q, Mai L, Liu J, Fan W, Huang F. Single-cell transcriptomic profile of satellite glial cells in trigeminal ganglion. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1117065. [PMID: 36818656 PMCID: PMC9932514 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) play an important role in regulating the function of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. Multiple mediators are involved in the bidirectional communication between SGCs and neurons in different physiological and pathological states. However, molecular insights into the transcript characteristics of SGCs are limited. Moreover, little is known about the heterogeneity of SGCs in TG, and a more in-depth understanding of the interactions between SGCs and neuron subtypes is needed. Here we show the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profile of SGCs in TG under physiological conditions. Our results demonstrate TG includes nine types of cell clusters, such as neurons, SGCs, myeloid Schwann cells (mSCs), non-myeloid Schwann cells (nmSCs), immune cells, etc., and the corresponding markers are also presented. We reveal the signature gene expression of SGCs, mSCs and nmSCs in the TG, and analyze the ligand-receptor pairs between neuron subtypes and SGCs in the TG. In the heterogeneity analysis of SGCs, four SGCs subtypes are identified, including subtypes enriched for genes associated with extracellular matrix organization, immediate early genes, interferon beta, and cell adhesion molecules, respectively. Our data suggest the molecular characteristics, heterogeneity of SGCs, and bidirectional interactions between SGCs and neurons, providing a valuable resource for studying SGCs in the TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Chu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilin Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijia Mai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wenguo Fan, ; Fang Huang,
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wenguo Fan, ; Fang Huang,
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27
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Gala DS, Titlow JS, Teodoro RO, Davis I. Far from home: the role of glial mRNA localization in synaptic plasticity. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:153-169. [PMID: 36442969 PMCID: PMC9891262 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079422.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurons and glia are highly polarized cells, whose distal cytoplasmic functional subdomains require specific proteins. Neurons have axonal and dendritic cytoplasmic extensions containing synapses whose plasticity is regulated efficiently by mRNA transport and localized translation. The principles behind these mechanisms are equally attractive for explaining rapid local regulation of distal glial cytoplasmic projections, independent of their cell nucleus. However, in contrast to neurons, mRNA localization has received little experimental attention in glia. Nevertheless, there are many functionally diverse glial subtypes containing extensive networks of long cytoplasmic projections with likely localized regulation that influence neurons and their synapses. Moreover, glia have many other neuron-like properties, including electrical activity, secretion of gliotransmitters and calcium signaling, influencing, for example, synaptic transmission, plasticity and axon pruning. Here, we review previous studies concerning glial transcripts with important roles in influencing synaptic plasticity, focusing on a few cases involving localized translation. We discuss a variety of important questions about mRNA transport and localized translation in glia that remain to be addressed, using cutting-edge tools already available for neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia S Gala
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua S Titlow
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Rita O Teodoro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Ilan Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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28
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Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) that surround sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system ganglia originate from neural crest cells. Although several studies have focused on SGCs, the origin and characteristics of SGCs are unknown, and their lineage remains unidentified. Traditionally, it has been considered that SGCs regulate the environment around neurons under pathological conditions, and perform functions of supporting, nourishing, and protecting neurons. However, recent studies demonstrated that SGCs may have the characteristics of stem cells. After nerve injury, SGCs up-regulate the expression of stem cell markers and can differentiate into functional sensory neurons. Moreover, SGCs express several markers of Schwann cell precursors and Schwann cells, such as CDH19, MPZ, PLP1, SOX10, ERBB3, and FABP7. Schwann cell precursors have also been proposed as a potential source of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. The similarity in function and markers suggests that SGCs may represent a subgroup of Schwann cell precursors. Herein, we discuss the roles and functions of SGCs, and the lineage relationship between SGCs and Schwann cell precursors. We also describe a new perspective on the roles and functions of SGCs. In the DRG located on the posterior root of spinal nerves, satellite glial cells wrap around each sensory neuron to form an anatomically and functionally distinct unit with the sensory neurons. Following nerve injury, satellite glial cells up-regulate the expression of progenitor markers, and can differentiate into neurons.
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Fang XX, Zhai MN, Zhu M, He C, Wang H, Wang J, Zhang ZJ. Inflammation in pathogenesis of chronic pain: Foe and friend. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231178176. [PMID: 37220667 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231178176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a refractory health disease worldwide causing an enormous economic burden on individuals and society. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) is the major factor in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. The inflammation in the early- and late phase may have distinctive effects on the initiation and resolution of pain, which can be viewed as friend or foe. On the one hand, painful injuries lead to the activation of glial cells and immune cells in the PNS, releasing pro-inflammatory mediators, which contribute to the sensitization of nociceptors, leading to chronic pain; neuroinflammation in the CNS drives central sensitization and promotes the development of chronic pain. On the other hand, macrophages and glial cells of PNS and CNS promote pain resolution via anti-inflammatory mediators and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of inflammation in the deterioration and resolution of pain. Further, we summarize a number of novel strategies that can be used to prevent and treat chronic pain by controlling inflammation. This comprehensive view of the relationship between inflammation and chronic pain and its specific mechanism will provide novel targets for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meng-Nan Zhai
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meixuan Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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30
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Schwann cell functions in peripheral nerve development and repair. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105952. [PMID: 36493976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glial cell of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the Schwann cell (SC), counts among the most multifaceted cells of the body. During development, SCs secure neuronal survival and participate in axonal path finding. Simultaneously, they orchestrate the architectural set up of the developing nerves, including the blood vessels and the endo-, peri- and epineurial layers. Perinatally, in rodents, SCs radially sort and subsequently myelinate individual axons larger than 1 μm in diameter, while small calibre axons become organised in non-myelinating Remak bundles. SCs have a vital role in maintaining axonal health throughout life and several specialized SC types perform essential functions at specific locations, such as terminal SC at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) or SC within cutaneous sensory end organs. In addition, neural crest derived satellite glia maintain a tight communication with the soma of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic neurons and neural crest derivatives are furthermore an indispensable part of the enteric nervous system. The remarkable plasticity of SCs becomes evident in the context of a nerve injury, where SC transdifferentiate into intriguing repair cells, which orchestrate a regenerative response that promotes nerve repair. Indeed, the multiple adaptations of SCs are captivating, but remain often ill-resolved on the molecular level. Here, we summarize and discuss the knowns and unknowns of the vast array of functions that this single cell type can cover in peripheral nervous system development, maintenance, and repair.
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31
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Calvin-Cejudo L, Martin F, Mendez LR, Coya R, Castañeda-Sampedro A, Gomez-Diaz C, Alcorta E. Neuron-glia interaction at the receptor level affects olfactory perception in adult Drosophila. iScience 2022; 26:105837. [PMID: 36624835 PMCID: PMC9823236 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some types of glia play an active role in neuronal signaling by modifying their activity although little is known about their role in sensory information signaling at the receptor level. In this research, we report a functional role for the glia that surround the soma of the olfactory receptor neurons (OSNs) in adult Drosophila. Specific genetic modifications have been targeted to this cell type to obtain live individuals who are tested for olfactory preference and display changes both increasing and reducing sensitivity. A closer look at the antenna by Ca2+ imaging shows that odor activates the OSNs, which subsequently produce an opposite and smaller effect in the glia that partially counterbalances neuronal activation. Therefore, these glia may play a dual role in preventing excessive activation of the OSNs at high odorant concentrations and tuning the chemosensory window for the individual according to the network structure in the receptor organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calvin-Cejudo
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Martin
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis R. Mendez
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ruth Coya
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Castañeda-Sampedro
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carolina Gomez-Diaz
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Esther Alcorta
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Corresponding author
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32
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Cisplatin-induced changes in calcitonin gene-related peptide or TNF-α release in rat dorsal root ganglia in vitro model of neurotoxicity are not reverted by rosiglitazone. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:211-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Avraham O, Chamessian A, Feng R, Yang L, Halevi AE, Moore AM, Gereau RW, Cavalli V. Profiling the molecular signature of satellite glial cells at the single cell level reveals high similarities between rodents and humans. Pain 2022; 163:2348-2364. [PMID: 35503034 PMCID: PMC9522926 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Peripheral sensory neurons located in dorsal root ganglia relay sensory information from the peripheral tissue to the brain. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are unique glial cells that form an envelope completely surrounding each sensory neuron soma. This organization allows for close bidirectional communication between the neuron and its surrounding glial coat. Morphological and molecular changes in SGC have been observed in multiple pathological conditions such as inflammation, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, viral infection, and nerve injuries. There is evidence that changes in SGC contribute to chronic pain by augmenting the neuronal activity in various rodent pain models. Satellite glial cells also play a critical role in axon regeneration. Whether findings made in rodent model systems are relevant to human physiology have not been investigated. Here, we present a detailed characterization of the transcriptional profile of SGC in mice, rats, and humans at the single cell level. Our findings suggest that key features of SGC in rodent models are conserved in humans. Our study provides the potential to leverage rodent SGC properties and identify potential targets in humans for the treatment of nerve injuries and alleviation of painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshri Avraham
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexander Chamessian
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Lite Yang
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexandra E. Halevi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Amy M. Moore
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - Robert W. Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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34
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Pathophysiology of Post-Traumatic Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121753. [PMID: 36551181 PMCID: PMC9775491 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal nerve injury is one of the causes of chronic orofacial pain. Patients suffering from this condition have a significantly reduced quality of life. The currently available management modalities are associated with limited success. This article reviews some of the common causes and clinical features associated with post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain (PTNP). A cascade of events in the peripheral and central nervous system function is involved in the pathophysiology of pain following nerve injuries. Central and peripheral processes occur in tandem and may often be co-dependent. Due to the complexity of central mechanisms, only peripheral events contributing to the pathophysiology have been reviewed in this article. Future investigations will hopefully help gain insight into trigeminal-specific events in the pathophysiology of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain secondary to nerve injury and enable the development of new therapeutic modalities.
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35
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KC E, Islam J, Park YS. Trigeminal ganglion itself can be a viable target to manage trigeminal neuralgia. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:150. [PMID: 36424545 PMCID: PMC9686102 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excruciating trigeminal neuralgia (TN) management is very difficult and severely affects the patient's quality of life. Earlier studies have shown that the trigeminal ganglion (TG) comprises several receptors and signal molecules that are involved in the process of peripheral sensitization, which influences the development and persistence of neuropathic pain. Targeting TG can modulate this sensitization pathway and mediate the pain-relieving effect. So far,there are few studies in which modulation approaches to TG itself have been suggested so far. "Trigeminal ganglion modulation" and "trigeminal neuralgia" were used as search phrases in the Scopus Index and PubMed databases to discover articles that were pertinent to the topic. In this review, we address the role of the trigeminal ganglion in TN and underlying molecules and neuropeptides implicated in trigeminal pain pathways in processing pathological orofacial pain. We also reviewed different modulation approaches in TG for TN management. Furthermore, we discuss the prospect of targeting trigeminal ganglion to manage such intractable pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina KC
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jaisan Islam
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Seok Park
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea ,grid.411725.40000 0004 1794 4809Department of Neurosurgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
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36
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Liu J, Jia S, Huang F, He H, Fan W. Peripheral role of glutamate in orofacial pain. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:929136. [PMID: 36440288 PMCID: PMC9682037 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.929136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. In the periphery, glutamate acts as a transmitter and involves in the signaling and processing of sensory input. Glutamate acts at several types of receptors and also interacts with other transmitters/mediators under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions including chronic pain. The increasing amount of evidence suggests that glutamate may play a role through multiple mechanisms in orofacial pain processing. In this study, we reviewed the current understanding of how peripheral glutamate mediates orofacial pain, how glutamate is regulated in the periphery, and how these findings are translated into therapies for pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilin Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Reed CB, Feltri ML, Wilson ER. Peripheral glia diversity. J Anat 2022; 241:1219-1234. [PMID: 34131911 PMCID: PMC8671569 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen an evolving appreciation for the role of glial cells in the nervous system. As we move away from the typical neurocentric view of neuroscience, the complexity and variability of central nervous system glia is emerging, far beyond the three main subtypes: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Yet the diversity of the glia found in the peripheral nervous system remains rarely discussed. In this review, we discuss the developmental origin, morphology, and function of the different populations of glia found in the peripheral nervous system, including: myelinating Schwann cells, Remak Schwann cells, repair Schwann cells, satellite glia, boundary cap-derived glia, perineurial glia, terminal Schwann cells, glia found in the skin, olfactory ensheathing cells, and enteric glia. The morphological and functional heterogeneity of glia found in the periphery reflects the diverse roles the nervous system performs throughout the body. Further, it highlights a complexity that should be appreciated and considered when it comes to a complete understanding of the peripheral nervous system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey B Reed
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State, University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State, University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Emma R Wilson
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State, University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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38
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Rey S, Ohm H, Klämbt C. Axonal ion homeostasis and glial differentiation. FEBS J 2022. [PMID: 35943294 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the ultimate control unit of the body. It conducts accurate, fast and reproducible calculations to control motor actions affecting mating, foraging and flight or fight decisions. Therefore, during evolution, better and more efficient brains have emerged. However, even simple brains are complex organs. They are formed by glial cells and neurons that establish highly intricate networks to enable information collection, processing and eventually, a precise motor control. Here, we review and connect some well-established and some hidden pieces of information to set the focus on ion homeostasis as a driving force in glial differentiation promoting signalling speed and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rey
- Institut für Neuro‐ und Verhaltensbiologie Münster Germany
| | - Henrike Ohm
- Institut für Neuro‐ und Verhaltensbiologie Münster Germany
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39
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Chen Z, Huang Q, Song X, Ford NC, Zhang C, Xu Q, Lay M, He SQ, Dong X, Hanani M, Guan Y. Purinergic signaling between neurons and satellite glial cells of mouse dorsal root ganglia modulates neuronal excitability in vivo. Pain 2022; 163:1636-1647. [PMID: 35027518 PMCID: PMC9771604 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Primary sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are wrapped by satellite glial cells (SGCs), and neuron-SGC interaction may affect somatosensation, especially nociceptive transmission. P2-purinergic receptors (P2Rs) are key elements in the two-way interactions between DRG neurons and SGCs. However, because the cell types are in such close proximity, conventional approaches such as in vitro culture and electrophysiologic recordings are not adequate to investigate the physiologically relevant responses of these cells at a population level. Here, we performed in vivo calcium imaging to survey the activation of hundreds of DRG neurons in Pirt-GCaMP6s mice and to assess SGC activation in GFAP-GCaMP6s mice in situ. By combining pharmacologic and electrophysiologic techniques, we investigated how ganglionic purinergic signaling initiated by α,β-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate (α,β-MeATP) modulates neuronal activity and excitability at a population level. We found that α,β-MeATP induced robust activation of small neurons-likely nociceptors-through activation of P2X3R. Large neurons, which are likely non-nociceptive, were also activated by α,β-MeATP, but with a delay. Blocking pannexin 1 channels attenuated the late phase response of DRG neurons, indicating that P2R stimulation may subsequently induce paracrine ATP release, which could further activate cells in the ganglion. Moreover, ganglionic α,β-MeATP treatment in vivo sensitized small neurons and enhanced responses of spinal wide-dynamic-range neurons to subsequent C-fiber inputs, suggesting that modulation via ganglionic P2R signaling could significantly affect nociceptive neuron excitability and pain transmission. Therefore, targeting functional P2Rs within ganglia may represent an important new strategy for pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaodan Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neil C. Ford
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Qian Xu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark Lay
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shao-Qiu He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Menachem Hanani
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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40
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BzATP Activates Satellite Glial Cells and Increases the Excitability of Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons In Vivo. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152280. [PMID: 35892578 PMCID: PMC9330736 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purinergic system plays an important role in pain transmission. Recent studies have suggested that activation of P2-purinergic receptors (P2Rs) may be involved in neuron-satellite glial cell (SGC) interactions in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), but the details remain unclear. In DRG, P2X7R is selectively expressed in SGCs, which closely surround neurons, and is highly sensitive to 3’-O-(4-Benzoyl) benzoyl-ATP (BzATP). Using calcium imaging in intact mice to survey a large number of DRG neurons and SGCs, we examined how intra-ganglionic purinergic signaling initiated by BzATP affects neuronal activities in vivo. We developed GFAP-GCaMP6s and Pirt-GCaMP6s mice to express the genetically encoded calcium indicator GGCaM6s in SGCs and DRG neurons, respectively. The application of BzATP to the ganglion induced concentration-dependent activation of SGCs in GFAP-GCaMP6s mice. In Pirt-GCaMP6s mice, BzATP initially activated more large-size neurons than small-size ones. Both glial and neuronal responses to BzATP were blocked by A438079, a P2X7R-selective antagonist. Moreover, blockers to pannexin1 channels (probenecid) and P2X3R (A317491) also reduced the actions of BzATP, suggesting that P2X7R stimulation may induce the opening of pannexin1 channels, leading to paracrine ATP release, which could further excite neurons by acting on P2X3Rs. Importantly, BzATP increased the responses of small-size DRG neurons and wide-dynamic range spinal neurons to subsequent peripheral stimuli. Our findings suggest that intra-ganglionic purinergic signaling initiated by P2X7R activation could trigger SGC-neuron interaction in vivo and increase DRG neuron excitability.
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41
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Chase R, de la Peña JB, Smith PR, Lawson J, Lou TF, Stanowick AD, Black BJ, Campbell ZT. Global analyses of mRNA expression in human sensory neurons reveal eIF5A as a conserved target for inflammatory pain. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22422. [PMID: 35747924 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101933rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptors are a type of sensory neuron that are integral to most forms of pain. Targeted disruption of nociceptor sensitization affords unique opportunities to prevent pain. An emerging model for nociceptors are sensory neurons derived from human stem cells. Here, we subjected five groups to high-throughput sequencing: human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) prior to differentiation, mature hiPSC-derived sensory neurons, mature co-cultures containing hiPSC-derived astrocytes and sensory neurons, mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues, and mouse DRG cultures. Co-culture of nociceptors and astrocytes promotes expression of transcripts enriched in DRG tissues. Comparisons of the hiPSC models to tissue samples reveal that many key transcripts linked to pain are present. Markers indicative of a range of neuronal subtypes present in the DRG were detected in mature hiPSCs. Intriguingly, translation factors were maintained at consistently high expression levels across species and culture systems. As a proof of concept for the utility of this resource, we validated expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in DRG tissues and hiPSC samples. eIF5A is subject to a unique posttranslational hypusine modification required for its activity. Inhibition of hypusine biosynthesis prevented hyperalgesic priming by inflammatory mediators in vivo and diminished hiPSC activity in vitro. Collectively, our results illuminate the transcriptomes of hiPSC sensory neuron models. We provide a demonstration for this resource through our investigation of eIF5A. Our findings reveal hypusine as a potential target for inflammation associated pain in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Chase
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - June Bryan de la Peña
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick R Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer Lawson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tzu-Fang Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander D Stanowick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan J Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary T Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.,Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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42
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Fang XX, Wang H, Song HL, Wang J, Zhang ZJ. Neuroinflammation Involved in Diabetes-Related Pain and Itch. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921612. [PMID: 35795572 PMCID: PMC9251344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic with increasing incidence, which results in diverse complications, seriously affects the patient quality of life, and brings huge economic burdens to society. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common chronic complication of DM, resulting in neuropathic pain and chronic itch. The precise mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy have not been fully clarified, hindering the exploration of novel therapies for diabetic neuropathy and its terrible symptoms such as diabetic pain and itch. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiologic process of neuropathic pain and chronic itch. Indeed, researchers have currently made significant progress in knowing the role of glial cells and the pro-inflammatory mediators produced from glial cells in the modulation of chronic pain and itch signal processing. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of neuroinflammation in contributing to the sensitization of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). In addition, we also summarize the inflammation mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic itch, including activation of glial cells, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory factors. Targeting excessive neuroinflammation may provide potential and effective therapies for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain and itch in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Medical Functional Laboratory, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hao-Lin Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Jun Zhang,
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43
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Impact of Cultured Neuron Models on α-Herpesvirus Latency Research. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061209. [PMID: 35746680 PMCID: PMC9228292 DOI: 10.3390/v14061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A signature trait of neurotropic α-herpesviruses (α-HV) is their ability to establish stable non-productive infections of peripheral neurons termed latency. This specialized gene expression program is the foundation of an evolutionarily successful strategy to ensure lifelong persistence in the host. Various physiological stresses can induce reactivation in a subset of latently-infected neurons allowing a new cycle of viral productive cycle gene expression and synthesis of infectious virus. Recurring reactivation events ensure transmission of the virus to new hosts and contributes to pathogenesis. Efforts to define the molecular basis of α-HV latency and reactivation have been notoriously difficult because the neurons harboring latent virus in humans and in experimentally infected live-animal models, are rare and largely inaccessible to study. Increasingly, researchers are turning to cultured neuron infection models as simpler experimental platforms from which to explore latency and reactivation at the molecular level. In this review, I reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of existing neuronal models and briefly summarize the important mechanistic insights these models have provided. I also discuss areas where prioritization will help to ensure continued progress and integration.
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44
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Cui X, Liu K, Gao X, Zhu B. Advancing the Understanding of Acupoint Sensitization and Plasticity Through Cutaneous C-Nociceptors. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:822436. [PMID: 35620665 PMCID: PMC9127573 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.822436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupoint is the key area for needling treatment, but its physiology is not yet understood. Nociceptors, one of the responders in acupoints, are responsible for acupuncture manipulation and delivering acupuncture signals to the spinal or supraspinal level. Recent evidence has shown that various diseases led to sensory hypersensitivity and functional plasticity in sensitized acupoints, namely, acupoint sensitization. Neurogenic inflammation is the predominant pathological characteristic for sensitized acupoints; however, the underlying mechanism in acupoint sensitization remains unclear. Recent studies have reported that silent C-nociceptors (SNs), a subtype of C nociceptors, can be “awakened” by inflammatory substances released by sensory terminals and immune cells under tissue injury or visceral dysfunction. SNs can transform from mechano-insensitive nociceptors in a healthy state to mechanosensitive nociceptors. Activated SNs play a vital role in sensory and pain modulation and can amplify sensory inputs from the injured tissue and then mediate sensory hyperalgesia. Whether activated SNs is involved in the mechanism of acupoint sensitization and contributes to the delivery of mechanical signals from needling manipulation remains unclear? In this review, we discuss the known functions of cutaneous C nociceptors and SNs and focus on recent studies highlighting the role of activated SNs in acupoint functional plasticity.
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45
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Okuda H, Ishikawa T, Hori K, Kwankaew N, Ozaki N. Hedgehog signaling plays a crucial role in hyperalgesia associated with neuropathic pain in mice. J Neurochem 2022; 162:207-220. [PMID: 35437761 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic syndrome of the nervous system caused by nerve injury. In Drosophila, the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is related to increased pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia) but does not affect the baseline nociceptive threshold. In general, the contribution of the Hh signaling pathway to neuropathic pain in vertebrates is a highly debated issue. Alternatively, we investigated the potential role of Hh signaling in mechanical allodynia using a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Seven days after spinal nerve-transection (SNT) surgery, microglial activation increased in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn compared with that in the sham group; however, 21 days after surgery, microglial activation decreased. Contrastingly, astrocyte activation in the spinal cord did not differ between the groups. On day 21 of postsurgery, the SNT group showed marked upregulation of sonic hedgehog expression in peripheral glial cells but not in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Intrathecal administration of the Hh signaling inhibitor vismodegib attenuated the mechanical allodynia observed on day 21 postsurgery. Conversely, intrathecal treatment with the Hh signaling activator smoothened agonist in naive mice induced mechanical allodynia, which was abolished by the ATP transporter inhibitor clodronate. Moreover, inhibition of Hh signaling by pretreatment with vismodegib significantly reduced ATP secretion and the frequency/number of spontaneous elevations of intracellular calcium ion levels in cultured DRG cells. Thus, the Hh signaling pathway appears to modulate the neural activity of DRG neurons via ATP release, and it plays an important role in sustaining mechanical allodynia and hypersensitivity in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Okuda
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hori
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nichakarn Kwankaew
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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46
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Exercise Reduces Pain Behavior and Pathological Changes in Dorsal Root Ganglia Induced by Systemic Inflammation in Mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 778:136616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Veríssimo CP, Acosta Filha LG, Moreira da Silva FJ, Westgarth H, Coelho Aguiar JDM, Pontes B, Moura-Neto V, Gazerani P, DosSantos MF. Short-Term Functional and Morphological Changes in the Primary Cultures of Trigeminal Ganglion Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1257-1272. [PMID: 35723307 PMCID: PMC8946888 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have proved that glial cells, as well as neurons, play a role in pain pathophysiology. Most of these studies have focused on the contribution of central glial cells (e.g., microglia and astrocytes) to neuropathic pain. Likewise, some works have suggested that peripheral glial cells, particularly satellite glial cells (SGCs), and the crosstalk between these cells and the sensory neurons located in the peripheral ganglia, play a role in the phenomenon that leads to pain. Nonetheless, the study of SGCs may be challenging, as the validity of studying those cells in vitro is still controversial. In this study, a research protocol was developed to examine the potential use of primary mixed neuronal–glia cell cultures obtained from the trigeminal ganglion cells (TGCs) of neonate mice (P10–P12). Primary cultures were established and analyzed at 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h. To this purpose, phase contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry with antibodies against anti-βIII-tubulin and Sk3, scanning electron microscopy, and time-lapse photography were used. The results indicated the presence of morphological changes in the cultured SGCs obtained from the TGCs. The SGCs exhibited a close relationship with neurons. They presented a round shape in the first 4 h, and a more fusiform shape at 24 h and 48 h of culture. On the other hand, neurons changed from a round shape to a more ramified shape from 4 h to 48 h. Intriguingly, the expression of SK3, a marker of the SGCs, was high in all samples at 4 h, with some cells double-staining for SK3 and βIII-tubulin. The expression of SK3 decreased at 24 h and increased again at 48 h in vitro. These results confirm the high plasticity that the SGCs may acquire in vitro. In this scenario, the authors hypothesize that, at 4 h, a group of the analyzed cells remained undifferentiated and, therefore, were double-stained for SK3 and βIII-tubulin. After 24 h, these cells started to differentiate into SCGs, which was clearer at 48 h in the culture. Mixed neuronal–glial TGC cultures might be implemented as a platform to study the plasticity and crosstalk between primary sensory neurons and SGCs, as well as its implications in the development of chronic orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pires Veríssimo
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular (LMC), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.P.V.); (L.G.A.F.); (F.J.M.d.S.); (J.D.M.C.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.-N.)
- Laboratório de Biologia Tumoral (LBT), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lionete Gall Acosta Filha
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular (LMC), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.P.V.); (L.G.A.F.); (F.J.M.d.S.); (J.D.M.C.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.-N.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Neurociência Translacional (INNT-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Fábio Jorge Moreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular (LMC), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.P.V.); (L.G.A.F.); (F.J.M.d.S.); (J.D.M.C.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.-N.)
| | - Harrison Westgarth
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Juliana De Mattos Coelho Aguiar
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular (LMC), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.P.V.); (L.G.A.F.); (F.J.M.d.S.); (J.D.M.C.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.-N.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pontes
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular (LMC), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.P.V.); (L.G.A.F.); (F.J.M.d.S.); (J.D.M.C.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.-N.)
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular (LMC), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.P.V.); (L.G.A.F.); (F.J.M.d.S.); (J.D.M.C.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.-N.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Neurociência Translacional (INNT-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Parisa Gazerani
- Department of Life Sciences & Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Health Science & Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marcos F. DosSantos
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular (LMC), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.P.V.); (L.G.A.F.); (F.J.M.d.S.); (J.D.M.C.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.-N.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Neurociência Translacional (INNT-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
- Departamento de Prótese e Materiais Dentários, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (PPGO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(21)-3938-6465
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Satellite Glial Cells and Neurons in Trigeminal Ganglia Are Altered in an Itch Model in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050886. [PMID: 35269508 PMCID: PMC8909456 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch (pruritus) is a common chronic condition with a lifetime prevalence of over 20%. The mechanisms underlying itch are poorly understood, and its therapy is difficult. There is recent evidence that following nerve injury or inflammation, intercellular communications in sensory ganglia are augmented, which may lead to abnormal neuronal activity, and hence to pain, but there is no information whether such changes take place in an itch model. We studied changes in neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs) in trigeminal ganglia in an itch model in mice using repeated applications of 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene (TNCB) to the external ear over a period of 11 days. Treated mice showed augmented scratching behavior as compared with controls during the application period and for several days afterwards. Immunostaining for the activation marker glial fibrillary acidic protein in SGCs was greater by about 35% after TNCB application, and gap junction-mediated coupling between neurons increased from about 2% to 13%. The injection of gap junction blockers reduced scratching behavior, suggesting that gap junctions contribute to itch. Calcium imaging studies showed increased responses of SGCs to the pain (and presumed itch) mediator ATP. We conclude that changes in both neurons and SGCs in sensory ganglia may play a role in itch.
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49
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How Is Peripheral Injury Signaled to Satellite Glial Cells in Sensory Ganglia? Cells 2022; 11:cells11030512. [PMID: 35159321 PMCID: PMC8833977 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury or inflammation in the peripheral branches of neurons of sensory ganglia causes changes in neuronal properties, including excessive firing, which may underlie chronic pain. The main types of glial cell in these ganglia are satellite glial cells (SGCs), which completely surround neuronal somata. SGCs undergo activation following peripheral lesions, which can enhance neuronal firing. How neuronal injury induces SGC activation has been an open question. Moreover, the mechanisms by which the injury is signaled from the periphery to the ganglia are obscure and may include electrical conduction, axonal and humoral transport, and transmission at the spinal level. We found that peripheral inflammation induced SGC activation and that the messenger between injured neurons and SGCs was nitric oxide (NO), acting by elevating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in SGCs. These results, together with work from other laboratories, indicate that a plausible (but not exclusive) mechanism for neuron-SGCs interactions can be formulated as follows: Firing due to peripheral injury induces NO formation in neuronal somata, which diffuses to SGCs. This stimulates cGMP synthesis in SGCs, leading to their activation and to other changes, which contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability and pain. Other mediators such as proinflammatory cytokines probably also contribute to neuron-SGC communications.
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50
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Graham RD, Sankarasubramanian V, Lempka SF. Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for Chronic Pain: Hypothesized Mechanisms of Action. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:196-211. [PMID: 34425252 PMCID: PMC8943693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) is a neuromodulation therapy for chronic pain that is refractory to conventional medical management. Currently, the mechanisms of action of DRGS-induced pain relief are unknown, precluding both our understanding of why DRGS fails to provide pain relief to some patients and the design of neurostimulation technologies that directly target these mechanisms to maximize pain relief in all patients. Due to the heterogeneity of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), the analgesic mechanisms could be attributed to the modulation of one or many cell types within the DRG and the numerous brain regions that process sensory information. Here, we summarize the leading hypotheses of the mechanisms of DRGS-induced analgesia, and propose areas of future study that will be vital to improving the clinical implementation of DRGS. PERSPECTIVE: This article synthesizes the evidence supporting the current hypotheses of the mechanisms of action of DRGS for chronic pain and suggests avenues for future interdisciplinary research which will be critical to fully elucidate the analgesic mechanisms of the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Graham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Vishwanath Sankarasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Scott F. Lempka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States,Corresponding author: Scott F. Lempka, PhD, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC 14-184, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800,
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