1
|
Hummel R, Dorochow E, Zander S, Ritter K, Hahnefeld L, Gurke R, Tegeder I, Schäfer MKE. Valproic Acid Treatment after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice Alleviates Neuronal Death and Inflammation in Association with Increased Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholines. Cells 2024; 13:734. [PMID: 38727269 PMCID: PMC11083124 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) valproic acid (VPA) has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), which have been partially attributed to the epigenetic disinhibition of the transcription repressor RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor/Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor (REST/NRSF). Additionally, VPA changes post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) brain metabolism to create a neuroprotective environment. To address the interconnection of neuroprotection, metabolism, inflammation and REST/NRSF after TBI, we subjected C57BL/6N mice to experimental TBI and intraperitoneal VPA administration or vehicle solution at 15 min, 1, 2, and 3 days post-injury (dpi). At 7 dpi, TBI-induced an up-regulation of REST/NRSF gene expression and HDACi function of VPA on histone H3 acetylation were confirmed. Neurological deficits, brain lesion size, blood-brain barrier permeability, or astrogliosis were not affected, and REST/NRSF target genes were only marginally influenced by VPA. However, VPA attenuated structural damage in the hippocampus, microgliosis and expression of the pro-inflammatory marker genes. Analyses of plasma lipidomic and polar metabolomic patterns revealed that VPA treatment increased lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), which were inversely associated with interleukin 1 beta (Il1b) and tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) gene expression in the brain. The results show that VPA has mild neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects likely originating from favorable systemic metabolic changes resulting in increased plasma LPCs that are known to be actively taken up by the brain and function as carriers for neuroprotective polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hummel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.H.); (K.R.)
| | - Erika Dorochow
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (E.D.); (L.H.); (R.G.)
| | - Sonja Zander
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.H.); (K.R.)
| | - Katharina Ritter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.H.); (K.R.)
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (E.D.); (L.H.); (R.G.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (E.D.); (L.H.); (R.G.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (E.D.); (L.H.); (R.G.)
| | - Michael K. E. Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.H.); (K.R.)
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Szaflarski JP, Szaflarski M. Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes After Recreational Cannabis Use. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:809-821. [PMID: 38586307 PMCID: PMC10999198 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s453616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Basic science data indicate potential neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids in traumatic brain injury (TBI). We aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-TBI recreational cannabis use on TBI outcomes. Patients and Methods We used i2b2 (a scalable informatics framework; www.i2b2.org) to identify all patients presenting with acute TBI between 1/1/2014 and 12/31/2016, then conducted a double-abstraction medical chart review to compile basic demographic, urine drug screen (UDS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and available outcomes data (mortality, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), duration of stay, disposition (home, skilled nursing facility, inpatient rehabilitation, other)) at discharge and at specific time points thereafter. We conducted multivariable nested ordinal and logistic regression analyses to estimate associations between cannabis use, other UDS results, demographic factors, and selected outcomes. Results i2b2 identified 6396 patients who acutely presented to our emergency room with TBI. Of those, 3729 received UDS, with 22.2% of them testing positive for cannabis. Mortality was similar in patients who tested positive vs negative for cannabis (3.9% vs 4.8%; p = 0.3) despite more severe GCS on admission in the cannabis positive group (p = 0.045). Several discharge outcome measures favored the cannabis positive group who had a higher rate of discharge home vs other care settings (p < 0.001), lower discharge mRS (p < 0.001), and shorter duration of hospital stay (p < 0.001) than the UDS negative group. Multivariable analyses confirmed mostly independent associations between positive cannabis screen and these post-TBI short- and long-term outcomes. Conclusion This study adds evidence about the potentially neuroprotective effects of recreational cannabis for short- and long-term post-TBI outcomes. These results need to be confirmed via prospective data collections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Magdalena Szaflarski
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lentilhas-Graça J, Santos DJ, Afonso J, Monteiro A, Pinho AG, Mendes VM, Dias MS, Gomes ED, Lima R, Fernandes LS, Fernandes-Amorim F, Pereira IM, de Sousa N, Cibrão JR, Fernandes AM, Serra SC, Rocha LA, Campos J, Pinho TS, Monteiro S, Manadas B, Salgado AJ, Almeida RD, Silva NA. The secretome of macrophages has a differential impact on spinal cord injury recovery according to the polarization protocol. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354479. [PMID: 38444856 PMCID: PMC10912310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The inflammatory response after spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important contributor to secondary damage. Infiltrating macrophages can acquire a spectrum of activation states, however, the microenvironment at the SCI site favors macrophage polarization into a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which is one of the reasons why macrophage transplantation has failed. Methods In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the macrophage secretome for SCI recovery. We investigated the effect of the secretome in vitro using peripheral and CNS-derived neurons and human neural stem cells. Moreover, we perform a pre-clinical trial using a SCI compression mice model and analyzed the recovery of motor, sensory and autonomic functions. Instead of transplanting the cells, we injected the paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles that they secrete, avoiding the loss of the phenotype of the transplanted cells due to local environmental cues. Results We demonstrated that different macrophage phenotypes have a distinct effect on neuronal growth and survival, namely, the alternative activation with IL-10 and TGF-β1 (M(IL-10+TGF-β1)) promotes significant axonal regeneration. We also observed that systemic injection of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles derived from M(IL-10+TGF-β1) macrophages promotes significant functional recovery after compressive SCI and leads to higher survival of spinal cord neurons. Additionally, the M(IL-10+TGF-β1) secretome supported the recovery of bladder function and decreased microglial activation, astrogliosis and fibrotic scar in the spinal cord. Proteomic analysis of the M(IL-10+TGF-β1)-derived secretome identified clusters of proteins involved in axon extension, dendritic spine maintenance, cell polarity establishment, and regulation of astrocytic activation. Discussion Overall, our results demonstrated that macrophages-derived soluble factors and extracellular vesicles might be a promising therapy for SCI with possible clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Lentilhas-Graça
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo J. Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Afonso
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia G. Pinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Vera M. Mendes
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta S. Dias
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- iBiMED- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo D. Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui Lima
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís S. Fernandes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando Fernandes-Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Inês M. Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nídia de Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge R. Cibrão
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Aline M. Fernandes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sofia C. Serra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Rocha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Tiffany S. Pinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António J. Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ramiro D. Almeida
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- iBiMED- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno A. Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan D, Ouyang W, Lin J, Liu Z. Smart coating by thermo-sensitive Pluronic F-127 for enhanced corneal healing via delivery of biological macromolecule progranulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127586. [PMID: 37866564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
As a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness, corneal alkali burns lead to long-term visual deterioration or even permanent visual impairment while effective treatment strategies remain a challenge. Herein, a thermo-sensitive hydrogel with the combination of multi-functional protein progranulin (PGRN), a biological macromolecule consisting of several hundred amino acids and possessing a high molecular weight, is efficiently prepared through a convenient stirring and mixing at the low temperature. The hydrogel can be easily administrated to the ocular surface contacting with the cornea, which can be immediately transformed into gel-like state due to the thermo-responsive behavior, realizing a site-specific coating to isolate further external stimulation. The smart coating not only exhibits excellent transparency and biocompatibility, but also presents a constant delivery of PGRN, creating a nutritious and supportive micro-environment for the ocular surface. The results show that the prepared functional hydrogel can efficiently suppress inflammation, accelerate re-epithelization, and intriguingly enhance axonal regeneration via modulation of multiple signaling pathways, indicating the novel designed HydrogelPGRN is a promising therapy option for serious corneal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Weijie Ouyang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jinyou Lin
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gillett DA, Wallings RL, Uriarte Huarte O, Tansey MG. Progranulin and GPNMB: interactions in endo-lysosome function and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:286. [PMID: 38037070 PMCID: PMC10688479 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in progranulin (PGRN) expression are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Recently, the loss of PGRN was shown to result in endo-lysosomal system dysfunction and an age-dependent increase in the expression of another protein associated with NDs, glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB). MAIN BODY It is unclear what role GPNMB plays in the context of PGRN insufficiency and how they interact and contribute to the development or progression of NDs. This review focuses on the interplay between these two critical proteins within the context of endo-lysosomal health, immune function, and inflammation in their contribution to NDs. SHORT CONCLUSION PGRN and GPNMB are interrelated proteins that regulate disease-relevant processes and may have value as therapeutic targets to delay disease progression or extend therapeutic windows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew A Gillett
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca L Wallings
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Szczygielski J, Hubertus V, Kruchten E, Müller A, Albrecht LF, Schwerdtfeger K, Oertel J. Prolonged course of brain edema and neurological recovery in a translational model of decompressive craniectomy after closed head injury in mice. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1308683. [PMID: 38053795 PMCID: PMC10694459 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1308683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a matter of debate. According to the DECRA trial, craniectomy may have a negative impact on functional outcome, while the RescueICP trial revealed a positive effect of surgical decompression, which is evolving over time. This ambivalence of craniectomy has not been studied extensively in controlled laboratory experiments. Objective The goal of the current study was to investigate the prolonged effects of decompressive craniectomy (both positive and negative) in an animal model. Methods Male mice were assigned to the following groups: sham, decompressive craniectomy, TBI and TBI followed by craniectomy. The analysis of functional outcome was performed at time points 3d, 7d, 14d and 28d post trauma according to the Neurological Severity Score and Beam Balance Score. At the same time points, magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and brain edema was analyzed. Results Animals subjected to both trauma and craniectomy presented the exacerbation of the neurological impairment that was apparent mostly in the early course (up to 7d) after injury. Decompressive craniectomy also caused a significant increase in brain edema volume (initially cytotoxic with a secondary shift to vasogenic edema and gliosis). Notably, delayed edema plus gliosis appeared also after decompression even without preceding trauma. Conclusion In prolonged outcomes, craniectomy applied after closed head injury in mice aggravates posttraumatic brain edema, leading to additional functional impairment. This effect is, however, transient. Treatment options that reduce brain swelling after decompression may accelerate neurological recovery and should be explored in future experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Szczygielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
- Instutute of Neuropathology, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Vanessa Hubertus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Kruchten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
- Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Department of Radiology, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Franziska Albrecht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Oertel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Boylan MA, Pincetic A, Romano G, Tatton N, Kenkare-Mitra S, Rosenthal A. Targeting Progranulin as an Immuno-Neurology Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15946. [PMID: 37958929 PMCID: PMC10647331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immuno-neurology is an emerging therapeutic strategy for dementia and neurodegeneration designed to address immune surveillance failure in the brain. Microglia, as central nervous system (CNS)-resident myeloid cells, routinely perform surveillance of the brain and support neuronal function. Loss-of-function (LOF) mutations causing decreased levels of progranulin (PGRN), an immune regulatory protein, lead to dysfunctional microglia and are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia caused by the progranulin gene (GRN) mutation (FTD-GRN), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), limbic-predominant age-related transactivation response deoxyribonucleic acid binding protein 43 (TDP-43) encephalopathy (LATE), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Immuno-neurology targets immune checkpoint-like proteins, offering the potential to convert aging and dysfunctional microglia into disease-fighting cells that counteract multiple disease pathologies, clear misfolded proteins and debris, promote myelin and synapse repair, optimize neuronal function, support astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and maintain brain vasculature. Several clinical trials are underway to elevate PGRN levels as one strategy to modulate the function of microglia and counteract neurodegenerative changes associated with various disease states. If successful, these and other immuno-neurology drugs have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders by harnessing the brain's immune system and shifting it from an inflammatory/pathological state to an enhanced physiological/homeostatic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Arnon Rosenthal
- Alector, Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 600, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaplelach AK, Fox SN, Cook AK, Hall JA, Dannemiller RS, Jaunarajs KL, Arrant AE. Regulation of extracellular progranulin in medial prefrontal cortex. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106326. [PMID: 37838007 PMCID: PMC10682954 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Progranulin is a secreted pro-protein that has anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects and is necessary for maintaining lysosomal function. Mutations in progranulin (GRN) are a major cause of frontotemporal dementia. Most pathogenic GRN mutations cause progranulin haploinsufficiency, so boosting progranulin levels is a promising therapeutic strategy. Progranulin is constitutively secreted, then taken up and trafficked to lysosomes. Before being taken up from the extracellular space, progranulin interacts with receptors that may mediate anti-inflammatory and growth factor-like effects. Modifying progranulin trafficking is a viable approach to boosting progranulin, but progranulin secretion and uptake by cells in the brain is poorly understood and may involve distinct mechanisms from other parts of the body. Understanding the cell types and processes that regulate extracellular progranulin in the brain could provide insight into progranulin's mechanism of action and inform design of progranulin-boosting therapies. To address this question we used microdialysis to measure progranulin in interstitial fluid (ISF) of mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Grn+/- mice had approximately 50% lower ISF progranulin than wild-type mice, matching the reduction of progranulin in cortical tissue. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence confirmed that microglia and neurons are the major progranulin-expressing cell types in the mPFC. Studies of conditional microglial (Mg-KO) and neuronal (N-KO) Grn knockout mice revealed that loss of progranulin from either cell type results in approximately 50% reduction in ISF progranulin. LPS injection (i.p.) produced an acute increase in ISF progranulin in mPFC. Depolarizing cells with KCl increased ISF progranulin, but this response was not altered in N-KO mice, indicating progranulin secretion by non-neuronal cells. Increasing neuronal activity with picrotoxin did not increase ISF progranulin. These data indicate that microglia and neurons are the source of most ISF progranulin in mPFC, with microglia likely secreting more progranulin per cell than neurons. The acute increase in ISF progranulin after LPS treatment is consistent with a role for extracellular progranulin in regulating inflammation, and may have been driven by microglia or peripheral immune cells. Finally, these data indicate that mPFC neurons engage in constitutive progranulin secretion that is not acutely changed by neuronal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azariah K Kaplelach
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephanie N Fox
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna K Cook
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Justin A Hall
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ryan S Dannemiller
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karen L Jaunarajs
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew E Arrant
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao Y, Wang Y, Li X, Yang X, Zeng B, Guo Z. MCC950 ameliorates cognitive function by reducing white matter microstructure damage in rats after SAH. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110743. [PMID: 37591025 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and white matter microstructure damage are important causes of cognitive impairment after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) plays an important role in neuroinflammation after SAH and may be a potential therapeutic target for treatment of white matter microstructure injury. In this study, we observed whether MCC950, a specific inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, exerted a therapeutic effect after SAH. The SAH model was induced by endovascular perforation in SpragueDawley rats. MCC950 was injected intraperitoneally 1 h after SAH at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The results showed that MCC950 significantly attenuated white matter microstructure damage in some brain regions, and behavioral experiments confirmed that MCC950 ameliorated cognitive function in rats after SAH, which may provide a new method for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in SAH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoguo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kobayashi M, Moro N, Yoshino A, Kumagawa T, Shijo K, Maeda T, Oshima H. Inhibition of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors improves histological and behavioral outcomes after experimental traumatic brain injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:378. [PMID: 37456165 PMCID: PMC10347371 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Release of large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a gliotransmitter, into the extracellular space by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered to activate the microglia followed by release of inflammatory cytokines resulting in excessive inflammatory response that induces secondary brain injury. The present study investigated whether antagonists of ATP receptors (P2X4 and/or P2X7) on microglia are beneficial for reducing the post-injury inflammatory response that leads to secondary injury, a prognostic aggravation factor of TBI. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to cortical contusion injury (CCI) and randomly assigned to injury and drug treatment conditions, as follows: i) No surgical intervention (naïve group); ii) dimethyl sulfoxide treatment after CCI (CCI-control group); iii) 5-BDBD (antagonist of P2X4 receptor) treatment after CCI (CCI-5-BDBD group); iv) CCI-AZ11645373 (antagonist of P2X7 receptor) treatment after CCI (CCI-AZ11645373 group); v) or 5-BDBD and AZ11645373 treatment after CCI (CCI-5-BDBD + AZ11645373 group). In the CCI-5-BDBD, CCI-AZ11645373, and CCI-5-BDBD + AZ11645373 groups, expression of activated microglia was suppressed in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus 3 days after the CCI. Western blotting with ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 antibody revealed that administration of CCI-5-BDBD and/or CCI-AZ11645373 suppressed expression of microglia and reduced expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNA 3 days after the CCI. Furthermore, the plus maze test, which reflects the spatial memory function and involves the hippocampal function, showed improvement 28 days after secondary injury to the hippocampus. These findings confirmed that blocking the P2X4 and P2X7 receptors, which are ATP receptors central in gliotransmission, suppresses microglial activation and subsequent cytokine expression after brain injury, and demonstrates the potential as an effective treatment for reducing secondary brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kobayashi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Moro
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Honjo-General Hospital, Saitama 367-0031, Japan
| | - Atsuo Yoshino
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kumagawa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Katsunori Shijo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hideki Oshima
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ritter K, Vetter D, Wernersbach I, Schwanz T, Hummel R, Schäfer MKE. Pre-traumatic antibiotic-induced microbial depletion reduces neuroinflammation in acute murine traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2023:109648. [PMID: 37385435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The connection between dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and diseases and injuries of the brain has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Interestingly, antibiotic-induced microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI), while early administration of antibiotics associates with improved survival in TBI patients. In animal models of TBI, short- or long-term administration of antibiotics, both peri- or post-operatively, were shown to induce gut microbiome dysbiosis but also anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the acute consequences of microbial dysbiosis on TBI pathogenesis after discontinuation of antibiotic treatment are elusive. In this study, we tested whether pre-traumatic antibiotic-induced microbial depletion by vancomycin, amoxicillin, and clavulanic acid affects pathogenesis during the acute phase of TBI in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Pre-traumatic microbiome depletion did not affect neurological deficits over 72 h post injury (hpi) and brain histopathology, including numbers of activated astrocytes and microglia, at 72 hpi. However, astrocytes and microglia were smaller after pre-traumatic microbiome depletion compared to vehicle treatment at 72hpi, indicating less inflammatory activation. Accordingly, TBI-induced gene expression of the inflammation markers Interleukin-1β, complement component C3, translocator protein TSPO and the major histocompatibility complex MHC2 was attenuated in microbiome-depleted mice along with reduced Immunoglobulin G extravasation as a proxy of blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment. These results suggest that the gut microbiome contributes to early neuroinflammatory responses to TBI but does not have a significant impact on brain histopathology and neurological deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ritter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Diana Vetter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Isa Wernersbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schwanz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Regina Hummel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Germany; Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Krämer TJ, Pickart F, Pöttker B, Gölz C, Neulen A, Pantel T, Goetz H, Ritter K, Schäfer MKE, Thal SC. Early DNase-I therapy delays secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury in adult mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4348. [PMID: 36928073 PMCID: PMC10018640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) from damaged or dead cells, which contribute to secondary brain damage after TBI. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a DAMP known to cause disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), promote procoagulant processes, brain edema, and neuroinflammation. This study tested the hypothesis that administration of deoxyribonuclease-I (DNase-I) has a beneficial effect after TBI. Mice (n = 84) were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) and posttraumatic intraperitoneal injections of low dose (LD) or high dose (HD) of DNase-I or vehicle solution at 30 min and 12 h after CCI. LD was most effective to reduce lesion volume (p = 0.003), brain water content (p < 0.0001) and to stabilize BBB integrity (p = 0.019) 1 day post-injury (dpi). At 6 h post injury LD-treated animals showed less cleavage of fibrin (p = 0.0014), and enhanced perfusion as assessed by micro-computer-tomography (p = 0.027). At 5 dpi the number of Iba1-positive cells (p = 0.037) were reduced, but the number of CD45-positive cells, motoric function and brain lesion volume was not different. Posttraumatic-treatment with DNase-I therefore stabilizes the BBB, reduces the formation of brain edema, immune response, and delays secondary brain damage. DNase-I might be a new approach to extend the treatment window after TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J Krämer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
| | - Florian Pickart
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bruno Pöttker
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Gölz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel Neulen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Pantel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hermann Goetz
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Ritter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Molecular Surgical Research, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Serge C Thal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Molecular Surgical Research, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jia Y, Hui L, Sun L, Guo D, Shi M, Zhang K, Yang P, Wang Y, Liu F, Shen O, Zhu Z. Association Between Human Blood Metabolome and the Risk of Psychiatric Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:428-443. [PMID: 36124769 PMCID: PMC10016401 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS To identify promising drug targets for psychiatric disorders, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) design to systematically screen blood metabolome for potential mediators of psychiatric disorders and further predict target-mediated side effects. STUDY DESIGN We selected 92 unique blood metabolites from 3 metabolome genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with totally 147 827 participants. Summary statistics for bipolar disorder (BIP), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), panic disorder (PD), autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and anorexia nervosa (AN) originated from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, involving 1 143 340 participants. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to estimate associations of blood metabolites with psychiatric disorders. Phenome-wide MR analysis was further performed to predict side effects mediated by metabolite-targeted interventions. RESULTS Eight metabolites were identified associated with psychiatric disorders, including five established mediators: N-acetylornithine (BIP: OR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66-0.79]; SCZ: OR, 0.74 [0.64-0.84]), glycine (BIP: OR, 0.62 [0.50-0.77]), docosahexaenoic acid (MDD: OR, 0.96 [0.94-0.97]), 3-Hydroxybutyrate (MDD: OR, 1.14 [1.08-1.21]), butyrylcarnitine (SCZ: OR, 1.22 [1.12-1.32]); and three novel mediators: 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine (1-arachidonoyl-GPC)(BIP: OR, 0.31 [0.23-0.41]), glycoproteins (BIP: OR, 0.94 [0.92-0.97]), sphingomyelins (AN: OR, 1.12 [1.06-1.19]). Phenome-wide MR analysis showed that all identified metabolites except for N-acetylornithine and 3-Hydroxybutyrate had additional effects on nonpsychiatric diseases, while glycine, 3-Hydroxybutyrate, N-acetylornithine, and butyrylcarnitine had no adverse side effects. CONCLUSIONS This MR study identified five established and three novel mediators for psychiatric disorders. N-acetylornithine, glycine, 3-Hydroxybutyrate, and butyrylcarnitine might be promising targets against psychiatric disorders with no predicted adverse side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Hui
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pinni Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ouxi Shen
- Department of Occupational Health, Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu Y, Hong W, Gong P, Qi G, Wang X, Kang S, Tang H, Qin S. Specific knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes reduces reactive astrocyte formation and promotes recovery after early postnatal traumatic brain injury in mouse cortex. Glia 2023; 71:602-615. [PMID: 36353976 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In response to central nervous system (CNS) injury, astrocytes go through a series of alterations, referred to as reactive astrogliosis, ranging from changes in gene expression and cell hypertrophy to permanent astrocyte borders around stromal cell scars in CNS lesions. The mechanisms underlying injury-induced reactive astrocytes in the adult CNS have been extensively studied. However, little is known about injury-induced reactive astrocytes during early postnatal development. Astrocytes in the mouse cortex are mainly produced through local proliferation during the first 2 weeks after birth. Here we show that Sox2, a transcription factor critical for stem cells and brain development, is expressed in the early postnatal astrocytes and its expression level was increased in reactive astrocytes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) at postnatal day (P) 7 in the cortex. Using a tamoxifen-induced hGFAP-CreERT2; Sox2flox/flox ; Rosa-tdT mouse model, we found that specific knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes greatly inhibited the proliferation of reactive astrocytes, the formation of glia limitans borders and subsequently promoted the tissue recovery after postnatal TBI at P7 in the cortex. In addition, we found that injury-induced glia limitans borders were still formed at P2 in the wild-type mouse cortex, and knockout of Sox2 in astrocytes inhibited the reactivity of both astrocytes and microglia. Together, these findings provide evidence that Sox2 is essential for the reactivity of astrocytes in response to the cortical TBI during the early postnatal period and suggest that Sox2-dependent astrocyte reactivity is a potential target for therapeutic treatment after TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentong Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pifang Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guibo Qi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siying Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Lai S, Zhou T, Xia Z, Li W, Sha W, Liu J, Chen Y. Progranulin from different gliocytes in the nucleus accumbens exerts distinct roles in FTD- and neuroinflammation-induced depression-like behaviors. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:318. [PMID: 36581897 PMCID: PMC9798954 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is well known to influence the progression of depression. However, the molecular mechanisms triggering NAc neuroinflammation in depression have not been fully elucidated. Progranulin (PGRN) is a multifunctional growth factor that is linked to the innate immune response and inflammation, and PGRN plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, the purpose of this study was to validate whether PGRN was involved in the NAc neuroinflammation-promoted depressive-like phenotype. METHODS A NAc neuroinflammation-relevant depression-like model was established using wild-type (WT) and PGRN-knockout (KO) mice after NAc injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and various behavioral tests related to cognition, social recognition, depression and anxiety were performed with WT and PGRNKO mice with or without NAc immune challenge. RT‒PCR, ELISA, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine the expression and function of PGRN in the neuroinflammatory reaction in the NAc after LPS challenge. The morphology of neurons in the NAc from WT and PGRNKO mice under conditions of NAc neuroinflammation was analyzed using Golgi-Cox staining, followed by Sholl analyses. The potential signaling pathways involved in NAc neuroinflammation in PGRNKO mice were investigated by western blotting. RESULTS Under normal conditions, PGRN deficiency induced FTD-like behaviors in mice and astrocyte activation in the NAc, promoted the release of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 and increased dendritic complexity and synaptic protein BDNF levels in the NAc. However, NAc neuroinflammation enhanced PGRN expression, which was located in astrocytes and microglia within the NAc, and PGRN deficiency in mice alleviated NAc neuroinflammation-elicited depression-like behaviors, seemingly inhibiting astrocyte- and microglia-related inflammatory reactions and neuroplasticity complexity in the NAc via the p38 and nuclear factor of kappa (NF-κB) signaling pathways present in the NAc after neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PGRN exerts distinct function on different behaviors, showing protective roles in the FTD-like behavior and detrimental effects on the neuroinflammation-related depression-like behavior, resulting from mediating astrocyte and microglial functions from the NAc in different status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Lai
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Xia
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Weina Li
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Sha
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiong Chen
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Timaru-Kast R, Garcia Bardon A, Luh C, Coronel-Castello SP, Songarj P, Griemert EV, Krämer TJ, Sebastiani A, Steckelings UM, Thal SC. AT2 activation does not influence brain damage in the early phase after experimental traumatic brain injury in male mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14280. [PMID: 35995819 PMCID: PMC9395341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) improves neurological function and reduces brain damage after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), which may be partly a result of enhanced indirect angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) stimulation. AT2 stimulation was demonstrated to be neuroprotective via anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and neuroregenerative mechanisms in experimental cerebral pathology models. We recently demonstrated an upregulation of AT2 after TBI suggesting a protective mechanism. The present study investigated the effect of post-traumatic (5 days after TBI) AT2 activation via high and low doses of a selective AT2 agonist, compound 21 (C21), compared to vehicle-treated controls. No differences in the extent of the TBI-induced lesions were found between both doses of C21 and the controls. We then tested AT2-knockdown animals for secondary brain damage after experimental TBI. Lesion volume and neurological outcomes in AT2-deficient mice were similar to those in wild-type control mice at both 24 h and 5 days post-trauma. Thus, in contrast to AT1 antagonism, AT2 modulation does not influence the initial pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI in the first 5 days after the insult, indicating that AT2 plays only a minor role in the early phase following trauma-induced brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Timaru-Kast
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Garcia Bardon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Clara Luh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shila P Coronel-Castello
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Phuriphong Songarj
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Eva-Verena Griemert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias J Krämer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Anne Sebastiani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal University of Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ulrike Muscha Steckelings
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Serge C Thal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal University of Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Neurovascular dysfunction in GRN-associated frontotemporal dementia identified by single-nucleus RNA sequencing of human cerebral cortex. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1034-1048. [PMID: 35879464 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most prevalent form of early-onset dementia, affecting predominantly frontal and temporal cerebral lobes. Heterozygous mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) cause autosomal-dominant FTD (FTD-GRN), associated with TDP-43 inclusions, neuronal loss, axonal degeneration and gliosis, but FTD-GRN pathogenesis is largely unresolved. Here we report single-nucleus RNA sequencing of microglia, astrocytes and the neurovasculature from frontal, temporal and occipital cortical tissue from control and FTD-GRN brains. We show that fibroblast and mesenchymal cell numbers were enriched in FTD-GRN, and we identified disease-associated subtypes of astrocytes and endothelial cells. Expression of gene modules associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction was significantly enriched in FTD-GRN endothelial cells. The vasculature supportive function and capillary coverage by pericytes was reduced in FTD-GRN tissue, with increased and hypertrophic vascularization and an enrichment of perivascular T cells. Our results indicate a perturbed BBB and suggest that the neurovascular unit is severely affected in FTD-GRN.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ribonuclease-1 treatment after traumatic brain injury preserves blood-brain barrier integrity and delays secondary brain damage in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5731. [PMID: 35388024 PMCID: PMC8986812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) involves primary mechanical damage and delayed secondary damage caused by vascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Intracellular components released into the parenchyma and systemic circulation, termed danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are major drivers of vascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation. These DAMPs include cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs), which damage the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thereby promoting edema, procoagulatory processes, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. We tested the hypothesis that intraperitoneal injection of Ribonuclease-1 (RNase1, two doses of 20, 60, or 180 µg/kg) at 30 min and 12 h after controlled-cortical-impact (CCI) can reduce secondary lesion expansion compared to vehicle treatment 24 h and 120 h post-CCI. The lowest total dose (40 µg/kg) was most effective at reducing lesion volume (- 31% RNase 40 µg/kg vs. vehicle), brain water accumulation (- 5.5%), and loss of BBB integrity (- 21.6%) at 24 h post-CCI. RNase1 also reduced perilesional leukocyte recruitment (- 53.3%) and microglial activation (- 18.3%) at 120 h post-CCI, but there was no difference in lesion volume at this time and no functional benefit. Treatment with RNase1 in the early phase following TBI stabilizes the BBB and impedes leukocyte immigration, thereby suppressing neuroinflammation. RNase1-treatment may be a novel approach to delay brain injury to extend the window for treatment opportunities after TBI.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zheng X, Mi T, Wang R, Zhang Z, Li W, Zhao J, Yang P, Xia H, Mao Q. Progranulin deficiency promotes persistent neuroinflammation and causes regional pathology in the hippocampus following traumatic brain injury. Glia 2022; 70:1317-1336. [PMID: 35362178 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be progressive and can lead to the development of a long-term complication termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The mechanisms underlying the progressive changes are still unknown; however, studies have suggested that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in response to TBI may play a fundamental role. This study aimed to determine whether progranulin (PGRN), a major modulator of microglial activity, plays a role in the progressive damage following TBI. PGRN-deficient and wild-type mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact and were observed neuropathologically after 3 days, 7 days, and 5 months. Compared to sham and wild-type mice, the PGRN-deficient mice showed overall stronger microgliosis and astrocytosis. The astrocytosis involved broader areas than the microgliosis and was more prominent in the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and internal capsule in PGRN-deficient mice. Ongoing neuronal death was uniquely observed in the hippocampal CA3 region of PGRN-deficient mice at 5 months after TBI, accompanying the regional chronic microgliosis and astrocytosis involving the CA3 commissural pathway. In addition, there was M1 microglial polarization in the pericontusional area with activated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling; however, the hippocampus showed only mild M1 polarization 7 days after TBI. Lastly, Morris water maze tests showed PGRN-deficient mice had poorer spatial learning and memory 5 months after TBI than wild-type or sham mice. The data indicated the PGRN deficiency caused TBI progression by promoting persistent microgliosis with microglial polarization and astrocytosis, as well as regional pathology in the hippocampus. The study suggests that PGRN should be evaluated as a potential therapy for TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zheng
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Mi
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junli Zhao
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyan Yang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibin Xia
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rhinn H, Tatton N, McCaughey S, Kurnellas M, Rosenthal A. Progranulin as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:641-652. [PMID: 35039149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN, encoded by the GRN gene) plays a key role in the development, survival, function, and maintenance of neurons and microglia in the mammalian brain. It regulates lysosomal biogenesis, inflammation, repair, stress response, and aging. GRN loss-of-function mutations cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis or frontotemporal dementia-GRN (FTD-GRN) in a gene dosage-dependent manner. Mutations that reduce PGRN levels increase the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and limbic-predominant age-related transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 encephalopathy, as well as exacerbate the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and FTD caused by the hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene. Elevating and/or restoring PGRN levels is an attractive therapeutic strategy and is being investigated for neurodegenerative diseases through multiple mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herve Rhinn
- Alector, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumagawa T, Moro N, Maeda T, Kobayashi M, Furukawa Y, Shijo K, Yoshino A. Anti-inflammatory effect of P2Y1 receptor blocker MRS2179 in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2022; 181:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
22
|
Tsai CY, Fang C, Wu JCC, Wu CJ, Dai KY, Chen SM. Neuroinflammation and Microglial Activation at Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Underpin Cadmium-Induced Cardiovascular Dysregulation in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3863-3877. [PMID: 34408468 PMCID: PMC8364915 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s325528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cadmium is a heavy metal and environmental toxicant known to act on the central cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms, and one of its brain targets is the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a brainstem site that maintains blood pressure and sympathetic vasomotor tone. The present study assessed the hypothesis that cadmium elicits cardiovascular dysregulation by inducing neuroinflammation and microglial activation, two potential cellular mechanisms, in RVLM. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for measuring cardiovascular responses after intravenous administration of cadmium. We further conducted real-time PCR, immunofluorescence staining, in situ determination of mitochondrial superoxide, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression, microglia activation, superoxide production, and necrotic and apoptotic cell death in RVLM. Results We found animals maintained under propofol anesthesia, intravenous administration of cadmium acetate (4 mg/kg) resulted in an increase, followed by a rebound and a secondary decrease in spontaneous baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone, a progressive reduction in mean arterial pressure and heart rate, alongside augmentation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine in RVLM. All those cardiovascular and neuroinflammatory events were reversed by pretreatment with an anti-inflammatory drug, pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg, i.p.). There were also concurrent microglial activation, reactive oxygen species production, hypoxia, reduced blood flow, and necrotic and apoptotic cell death in RVLM. Conclusion Based on these biochemical, pharmacological and morphological observations, we conclude that neuroinflammation and microglial activation at RVLM, and their downstream cellular mechanisms, causally underpin cadmium-induced cardiovascular dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi Fang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline C C Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ju Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yu Dai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mi Chen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Davis SE, Roth JR, Aljabi Q, Hakim AR, Savell KE, Day JJ, Arrant AE. Delivering progranulin to neuronal lysosomes protects against excitotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100993. [PMID: 34298019 PMCID: PMC8379502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in progranulin (GRN) are a major genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), possibly due to loss of progranulin’s neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory effects. Progranulin promotes neuronal growth and protects against excitotoxicity and other forms of injury. It is unclear if these neurotrophic effects are mediated through cellular signaling or through promotion of lysosomal function. Progranulin is a secreted proprotein that may activate neurotrophic signaling through cell-surface receptors. However, progranulin is efficiently trafficked to lysosomes and is necessary for maintaining lysosomal function. To determine which of these mechanisms mediates progranulin’s protection against excitotoxicity, we generated lentiviral vectors expressing progranulin (PGRN) or lysosome-targeted progranulin (L-PGRN). L-PGRN was generated by fusing the LAMP-1 transmembrane and cytosolic domains to the C-terminus of progranulin. L-PGRN exhibited no detectable secretion, but was delivered to lysosomes and processed into granulins. PGRN and L-PGRN protected against NMDA excitotoxicity in rat primary cortical neurons, but L-PGRN had more consistent protective effects than PGRN. L-PGRN’s protective effects were likely mediated through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. In control neurons, an excitotoxic dose of NMDA stimulated autophagy, and inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine reduced excitotoxic cell death. L-PGRN blunted the autophagic response to NMDA and occluded the protective effect of 3-methyladenine. This was not due to a general impairment of autophagy, as L-PGRN increased basal autophagy and did not alter autophagy after nutrient starvation. These data show that progranulin’s protection against excitotoxicity does not require extracellular progranulin, but is mediated through lysosomes, providing a mechanistic link between progranulin’s lysosomal and neurotrophic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Skylar E Davis
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jonathan R Roth
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Qays Aljabi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ahmad R Hakim
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Katherine E Savell
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrew E Arrant
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hanscom M, Loane DJ, Shea-Donohue T. Brain-gut axis dysfunction in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143777. [PMID: 34128471 PMCID: PMC8203445 DOI: 10.1172/jci143777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic and progressive disease, and management requires an understanding of both the primary neurological injury and the secondary sequelae that affect peripheral organs, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The brain-gut axis is composed of bidirectional pathways through which TBI-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration impact gut function. The resulting TBI-induced dysautonomia and systemic inflammation contribute to the secondary GI events, including dysmotility and increased mucosal permeability. These effects shape, and are shaped by, changes in microbiota composition and activation of resident and recruited immune cells. Microbial products and immune cell mediators in turn modulate brain-gut activity. Importantly, secondary enteric inflammatory challenges prolong systemic inflammation and worsen TBI-induced neuropathology and neurobehavioral deficits. The importance of brain-gut communication in maintaining GI homeostasis highlights it as a viable therapeutic target for TBI. Currently, treatments directed toward dysautonomia, dysbiosis, and/or systemic inflammation offer the most promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hanscom
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David J. Loane
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Terez Shea-Donohue
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fu X, Zhou G, Zhuang J, Xu C, Zhou H, Peng Y, Cao Y, Zeng H, Li J, Yan F, Wang L, Chen G. White Matter Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2021; 12:562090. [PMID: 34177751 PMCID: PMC8222731 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.562090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 15% of all stroke cases. ICH is a devastating form of stroke associated with high morbidity, mortality, and disability. Preclinical studies have explored the mechanisms of neuronal death and gray matter damage after ICH. However, few studies have examined the development of white matter injury (WMI) following ICH. Research on WMI indicates that its pathophysiological presentation involves axonal damage, demyelination, and mature oligodendrocyte loss. However, the detailed relationship and mechanism between WMI and ICH remain unclear. Studies of other acute brain insults have indicated that WMI is strongly correlated with cognitive deficits, neurological deficits, and depression. The degree of WMI determines the short- and long-term prognosis of patients with ICH. This review demonstrates the structure and functions of the white matter in the healthy brain and discusses the pathophysiological mechanism of WMI following ICH. Our review reveals that the development of WMI after ICH is complex; therefore, comprehensive treatment is essential. Understanding the relationship between WMI and other brain cells may reveal therapeutic targets for the treatment of ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanhai Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang XM, Zeng P, Fang YY, Zhang T, Tian Q. Progranulin in neurodegenerative dementia. J Neurochem 2021; 158:119-137. [PMID: 33930186 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-term or severe lack of protective factors is important in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative dementia. Progranulin (PGRN), a neurotrophic factor expressed mainly in neurons and microglia, has various neuroprotective effects such as anti-inflammatory effects, promoting neuron survival and neurite growth, and participating in normal lysosomal function. Mutations in the PGRN gene (GRN) have been found in several neurodegenerative dementias, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, PGRN deficiency and PGRN hydrolytic products (GRNs) in the pathological changes related to dementia, including aggregation of tau and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), amyloid-β (Aβ) overproduction, neuroinflammation, lysosomal dysfunction, neuronal death, and synaptic deficit have been summarized. Furthermore, as some therapeutic strategies targeting PGRN have been developed in various models, we highlighted PGRN as a potential anti-neurodegeneration target in dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Yan Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxian Central Hospital, The Affiliated Huxi Hospital of Jining Medical College, Heze, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Microglia: A Potential Drug Target for Traumatic Axonal Injury. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:5554824. [PMID: 34093701 PMCID: PMC8163545 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5554824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a major cause of death and disability among patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, no effective therapies have been developed to treat this disorder. Neuroinflammation accompanying microglial activation after TBI is likely to be an important factor in TAI. In this review, we summarize the current research in this field, and recent studies suggest that microglial activation plays an important role in TAI development. We discuss several drugs and therapies that may aid TAI recovery by modulating the microglial phenotype following TBI. Based on the findings of recent studies, we conclude that the promotion of active microglia to the M2 phenotype is a potential drug target for the treatment of TAI.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hummel R, Lang M, Walderbach S, Wang Y, Tegeder I, Gölz C, Schäfer MKE. Single intracerebroventricular progranulin injection adversely affects the blood-brain barrier in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2021; 158:342-357. [PMID: 33899947 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factor with protective effects in animal models of ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Administration of recombinant (r) PGRN prevents exaggerated brain pathology after TBI in Grn-deficient mice, suggesting that local injection of recombinant progranulin (rPGRN) provides therapeutic benefit in the acute phase of TBI. To test this hypothesis, we subjected adult male C57Bl/6N mice to the controlled cortical impact model of TBI, administered a single dose of rPGRN intracerebroventricularly (ICV) shortly before the injury, and examined behavioral and biological effects up to 5 days post injury (dpi). The anti-inflammatory bioactivity of rPGRN was confirmed by its capability to inhibit the inflammation-induced hypertrophy of murine primary microglia and astrocytes in vitro. In C57Bl/6N mice, however, ICV administration of rPGRN failed to attenuate behavioral deficits over the 5-day observation period. (Immuno)histological gene and protein expression analyses at 5 dpi did not reveal a therapeutic benefit in terms of brain injury size, brain inflammation, glia activation, cell numbers in neurogenic niches, and neuronal damage. Instead, we observed a failure of TBI-induced mRNA upregulation of the tight junction protein occludin and increased extravasation of serum immunoglobulin G into the brain parenchyma at 5 dpi. In conclusion, single ICV administration of rPGRN had not the expected protective effects in the acute phase of murine TBI, but appeared to cause an aggravation of blood-brain barrier disruption. The data raise questions about putative PGRN-boosting approaches in other types of brain injuries and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hummel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuel Lang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simona Walderbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Gölz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nikam RM, Yue X, Kandula VV, Paudyal B, Langhans SA, Averill LW, Choudhary AK. Unravelling neuroinflammation in abusive head trauma with radiotracer imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:966-970. [PMID: 33999238 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-04995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in child abuse, with a mortality rate of approximately 25%. In survivors, the prognosis remains dismal, with high prevalence of cerebral palsy, epilepsy and neuropsychiatric disorders. Early and accurate diagnosis of AHT is challenging, both clinically and radiologically, with up to one-third of cases missed on initial examination. Moreover, most of the management in AHT is supportive, reflective of the lack of clear understanding of specific pathogenic mechanisms underlying secondary insult, with approaches targeted toward decreasing intracranial hypertension and reducing cerebral metabolism, cell death and excitotoxicity. Multiple studies have elucidated the role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines with upregulation/recruitment of microglia/macrophages, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). In addition, recent studies in animal models of AHT have demonstrated significant upregulation of microglia, with a potential role of inflammatory cascade contributing to secondary insult. Despite the histological and biochemical evidence, there is a significant dearth of specific imaging approaches to identify this neuroinflammation in AHT. The primary motivation for development of such imaging approaches stems from the need to therapeutically target neuroinflammation and establish its utility in monitoring and prognostication. In the present paper, we discuss the available data suggesting the potential role of neuroinflammation in AHT and role of radiotracer imaging in aiding diagnosis and patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul M Nikam
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA. .,Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.
| | - Xuyi Yue
- Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Vinay V Kandula
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Bishnuhari Paudyal
- Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Sigrid A Langhans
- Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Lauren W Averill
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Arabinda K Choudhary
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Y, Ren J, Kang M, Zhai C, Cheng Q, Li J, Wu Y, Ruan X, Zhou J, Fan J, Tian Y. Progranulin promotes functional recovery and neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of adult mice after cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2021; 1757:147312. [PMID: 33539798 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN), a secreted glycosylated protein, has been reported to attenuate ischemia-induced cerebral injury through anti-inflammation, attenuation of blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroprotection. However, the effect of PGRN on neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) after cerebral ischemia remains unclear. In this study, adult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), and different doses of recombinant mouse PGRN (r-PGRN, 0.3 ng, 1 ng, 5 ng) were intracerebroventricularly administered 30 min after pMCAO. Results showed that 1 ng r-PGRN markedly reduced infarct volume and rescued functional deficits 24 h after pMCAO. Meanwhile, 1 ng r-PGRN increased SVZ cell proliferation, as shown by a high number of bromodeoxyuridine-positive (BrdU+) cells and Ki-67+ cells in the ischemic ipsilateral SVZ 7 d after pMCAO. Additionally, PGRN increased the percentage of BrdU+/Doublecortin (DCX)+ cells in the ipsilateral SVZ 14 d after pMCAO and increased the percentage of new neurons (BrdU+/NeuN+ cells) in the peri-infarct striatum 28 d after pMCAO, suggesting that PGRN promotes neuronal differentiation. PGRN also upregulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in the ipsilateral SVZ 3 d after pMCAO. Our data indicate that PGRN treatment promotes acute functional recovery; most importantly, it also stimulates neurogenesis in the SVZ, which could be beneficial for long-term recovery after cerebral ischemia. The increase in neurogenesis could be associated with activation of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. These results suggest a potential new strategy utilizing PGRN in ischemic stroke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Junrong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Mengsi Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Chenyang Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Qiangqiang Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yuzi Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Xiaofei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Juan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Yingfang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Appel D, Hummel R, Weidemeier M, Endres K, Gölz C, Schäfer MKE. Pharmacologic Inhibition of ADAM10 Attenuates Brain Tissue Loss, Axonal Injury and Pro-inflammatory Gene Expression Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661462. [PMID: 33791311 PMCID: PMC8005610 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-secretase A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) regulates various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Despite its broad functional implications during development, plasticity, and disease, no pharmacological approaches to inhibit ADAM10 in acute brain injury have been reported. Here, we examined the effects of the ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X on the neurological and histopathological outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). C57BL/6N mice were subjected to the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI or sham procedure and received GI254023X or vehicle during the acute phase of injury (n = 40, 100 mg/kg, 25% DMSO, 0.1 M Na2CO3, intraperitoneal, 30 min and 24 h after TBI). GI254023X treatment did not improve neurological deficits from 1 to 7 days post-injury (dpi) but animals treated with GI254023X exhibited smaller brain lesions compared to vehicle treatment. Determination of brain mRNA expression by quantitative PCR showed that TBI-induced up-regulation of Adam10 and Adam17 was not influenced by GI254023X but the up-regulation of the matrix metalloproteinase genes Mmp2 and Mmp9 was attenuated. GI254023X treatment further increased the T cell marker Cd247 but did not affect blood brain barrier integrity, as assessed by Occludin mRNA expression and IgG brain extravasation. However, in agreement with neuroprotective effects of ADAM10 inhibition, GI254023X treatment attenuated axonal injury, as indicated by decreased generation of spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs) and decreased immunostaining using anti-non-phosphorylated neurofilament (SMI-32). Interestingly, reduced axonal injury in GI254023X-treated animals coincided with subtle mRNA dysregulation in the glutamate receptor subunit genes Gria1 and Grin2b. Quantitative PCR also revealed that GI254023X mitigated up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory markers Il6, Tnfa, and Lcn2 but not the up-regulation of the pan-microglia marker Aif1, the M2 microglia marker Arg1 and the reactive astrocyte marker Gfap. Taken together, the ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X attenuates brain tissue loss, axonal injury and pro-inflammatory gene expression in the CCI model of TBI. These results suggest that ADAM10 may represent a therapeutic target in the acute phase of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Appel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Regina Hummel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Weidemeier
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Gölz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K. E. Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Human progranulin-expressing mice as a novel tool for the development of progranulin-modulating therapeutics. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 153:105314. [PMID: 33636385 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The granulin protein (also known as, and hereafter referred to as, progranulin) is a secreted glycoprotein that contributes to overall brain health. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the progranulin protein (Granulin Precursor, GRN) are a common cause of familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Gene therapy approaches that aim to increase progranulin expression from a single wild-type allele, an area of active investigation for the potential treatment of GRN-dependent FTD, will benefit from the availability of a mouse model that expresses a genomic copy of the human GRN gene. Here we report the development and characterization of a novel mouse model that expresses the entire human GRN gene in its native genomic context as a single copy inserted into a defined locus (Hprt) in the mouse genome. We show that human and mouse progranulin are expressed in a similar tissue-specific pattern, suggesting that the two genes are regulated by similar mechanisms. Human progranulin rescues a phenotype characteristic of progranulin-null mice, the exaggerated and early deposition of the aging pigment lipofuscin in the brain, indicating that the two proteins are functionally similar. Longitudinal behavioural and neuropathological analyses revealed no significant differences between wild-type and human progranulin-overexpressing mice up to 18 months of age, providing evidence that long-term increase of progranulin levels is well tolerated in mice. Finally, we demonstrate that human progranulin expression can be increased in the brain using an antisense oligonucleotide that inhibits a known GRN-regulating micro-RNA, demonstrating that the transgene is responsive to potential gene therapy drugs. Human progranulin-expressing mice represent a novel and valuable tool to expedite the development of progranulin-modulating therapeutics.
Collapse
|
33
|
Early Reciprocal Effects in a Murine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Femoral Fracture. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:8835730. [PMID: 33531878 PMCID: PMC7834824 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8835730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major cause of death and disability in early adulthood. Concomitant extracranial injury such as long bone fracture was reported to exacerbate TBI pathology. However, early reciprocal effects and mechanisms have been barely investigated. To address this issue, C57BL/6N mice were subjected to either the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI, fracture of the left femur (FF), combined injury (CCI+FF), or sham procedure. Behavioral alterations were monitored until 5 days post injury (dpi), followed by (immuno-)histology, gene and protein expression analyses using quantitative PCR, western blot, and ELISA. We found that CCI+FF mice exhibited increased neurological impairments, reduced recovery, and altered anxiety-related behavior compared to single injury groups. At 5 dpi, cerebral lesion size was not affected by combined injury but exaggerated hippocampal substance loss and increased perilesional astrogliosis were observed in CCI+FF mice compared to isolated CCI. Bone gene expression of the osteogenic markers Runx2, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and bone sialoprotein was induced by fracture injury but attenuated by concomitant TBI. Plasma concentrations of the biomarkers osteopontin and progranulin were elevated in CCI+FF mice compared to other experimental groups. Taken together, using a murine model of TBI and femoral fracture, we report early reciprocal impairments of brain tissue maintenance, behavioral recovery, and bone repair gene expression. Increased circulating levels of the biomarkers osteopontin and progranulin indicate ongoing tissue inflammation and repair. Our results may have implications for future therapeutic approaches to interfere with the pathological crosstalk between TBI and concomitant bone fracture.
Collapse
|
34
|
Li W, Liu J, Tan W, Zhou Y. The role and mechanisms of Microglia in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3059-3065. [PMID: 34400876 PMCID: PMC8364446 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.61153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune neurological disease that can cause blindness and disability. As the major mediators in the central nervous system, microglia plays key roles in immunological regulation in neuroinflammatory diseases, including NMOSD. Microglia can be activated by interleukin (IL)-6 and type I interferons (IFN-Is) during NMOSD, leading to signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation. Moreover, complement C3a secreted from activated astrocytes may induce the secretion of complement C1q, inflammatory cytokines and progranulin (PGRN) by microglia, facilitating injury to microglia, neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in an autocrine or paracrine manner. These processes involving activated microglia ultimately promote the pathological course of NMOSD. In this review, recent research progress on the roles of microglia in NMOSD pathogenesis is summarized, and the mechanisms of microglial activation and microglial-mediated inflammation, and the potential research prospects associated with microglial activation are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaqin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Arrant AE, Davis SE, Vollmer RM, Murchison CF, Mobley JA, Nana AL, Spina S, Grinberg LT, Karydas AM, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Roberson ED. Elevated levels of extracellular vesicles in progranulin-deficient mice and FTD-GRN Patients. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:2433-2449. [PMID: 33197149 PMCID: PMC7732244 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of progranulin insufficiency on extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous population of vesicles that may contribute to progression of neurodegenerative disease. Loss‐of‐function mutations in progranulin (GRN) are a major cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and brains from GRN carriers with FTD (FTD‐GRN) exhibit signs of lysosomal dysfunction. Lysosomal dysfunction may induce compensatory increases in secretion of exosomes, EVs secreted from the endolysosomal system, so we hypothesized that progranulin insufficiency would increase EV levels in the brain. Methods We analyzed levels and protein contents of brain EVs from Grn–/– mice, which model the lysosomal abnormalities of FTD‐GRN patients. We then measured brain EVs in FTD‐GRN patients. To assess the relationship of EVs with symptomatic disease, we measured plasma EVs in presymptomatic and symptomatic GRN mutation carriers. Results Grn–/– mice had elevated brain EV levels and altered EV protein contents relative to wild‐type mice. These changes were age‐dependent, occurring only after the emergence of pathology in Grn–/– mice. FTD‐GRN patients (n = 13) had elevated brain EV levels relative to controls (n = 5). Symptomatic (n = 12), but not presymptomatic (n = 7), GRN carriers had elevated plasma EV levels relative to controls (n = 8). Interpretation These data show that symptomatic FTD‐GRN patients have elevated levels of brain and plasma EVs, and that this effect is modeled in the brain of Grn–/– mice after the onset of pathology. This increase in EVs could influence FTD disease progression, and provides further support for EVs as potential FTD biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Arrant
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Skylar E Davis
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rachael M Vollmer
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Charles F Murchison
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alissa L Nana
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anna M Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hummel R, Ulbrich S, Appel D, Li S, Hirnet T, Zander S, Bobkiewicz W, Gölz C, Schäfer MK. Administration of all-trans retinoic acid after experimental traumatic brain injury is brain protective. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5208-5223. [PMID: 32964418 PMCID: PMC7588818 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A metabolite, important in the developing and mature brain. Pre-injury ATRA administration ameliorates ischaemic brain insults in rodents. This study examined the effects of post-traumatic ATRA treatment in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male adult mice were subjected to the controlled cortical impact model of TBI or sham procedure and killed at 7 or 30 days post-injury (dpi). ATRA (10 mg kg-1, i.p.) was given immediately after the injury and 1, 2 and 3 dpi. Neurological function and sensorimotor coordination were evaluated. Brains were processed for (immuno-) histological, mRNA and protein analyses (qPCR and western blot). KEY RESULTS ATRA treatment reduced brain lesion size, reactive astrogliosis and axonal injury at 7 dpi, and hippocampal granule cell layer (GCL) integrity was protected at 7 and 30 dpi, independent of cell proliferation in neurogenic niches and blood-brain barrier damage. Neurological and motor deficits over time and the brain tissue loss at 30 dpi were not affected by ATRA treatment. ATRA decreased gene expression of markers for damage-associated molecular pattern (HMGB1), apoptosis (caspase-3 and Bax), activated microglia (TSPO), and reactive astrogliosis (GFAP, SerpinA3N) at 7 dpi and a subset of markers at 30 dpi (TSPO, GFAP). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In experimental TBI, post-traumatic ATRA administration exerted brain protective effects, including long-term protection of GCL integrity, but did not affect neurological and motor deficits. Further investigations are required to optimize treatment regimens to enhance ATRA's brain protective effects and improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hummel
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Sebastian Ulbrich
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Dominik Appel
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Shuailong Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Tobias Hirnet
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Sonja Zander
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Wieslawa Bobkiewicz
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Christina Gölz
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Michael K.E. Schäfer
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN)Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
- Research Center for ImmunotherapyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Low brain endocannabinoids associated with persistent non-goal directed nighttime hyperactivity after traumatic brain injury in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14929. [PMID: 32913220 PMCID: PMC7483739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent cause of chronic headache, fatigue, insomnia, hyperactivity, memory deficits, irritability and posttraumatic stress disorder. Recent evidence suggests beneficial effects of pro-cannabinoid treatments. We assessed in mice levels of endocannabinoids in association with the occurrence and persistence of comparable sequelae after controlled cortical impact in mice using a set of long-term behavioral observations in IntelliCages, motor and nociception tests in two sequential cohorts of TBI/sham mice. TBI mice maintained lower body weights, and they had persistent low levels of brain ethanolamide endocannabinoids (eCBs: AEA, OEA, PEA) in perilesional and subcortical ipsilateral brain tissue (6 months), but rapidly recovered motor functions (within days), and average nociceptive responses were within normal limits, albeit with high variability, ranging from loss of thermal sensation to hypersensitivity. TBI mice showed persistent non-goal directed nighttime hyperactivity, i.e. they visited rewarding and non-rewarding operant corners with high frequency and random success. On successful visits, they made more licks than sham mice resulting in net over-licking. The lower the eCBs the stronger was the hyperactivity. In reward-based learning and reversal learning tasks, TBI mice were not inferior to sham mice, but avoidance memory was less stable. Hence, the major late behavioral TBI phenotype was non-goal directed nighttime hyperactivity and "over-licking" in association with low ipsilateral brain eCBs. The behavioral phenotype would agree with a "post-TBI hyperactivity disorder". The association with persistently low eCBs in perilesional and subcortical regions suggests that eCB deficiency contribute to the post-TBI psychopathology.
Collapse
|
38
|
Padilla-Zambrano HS, Deora H, Arnout M, Mendoza-Florez R, Cardenas-Chavez WE, Herrera-Martinez MP, Ortega-Sierra MG, Agrawal A, Moscote-Salazar LR. The Role of Microglia in Cerebral Traumatic Injury and its Therapeutic Implications. INDIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicroglia have a variety of functions in the brain such as synaptic remodeling, damage repair of the central nervous system (CNS), and CNS’ inflammatory response to peripheral infections. The response depends on the type of insult and infection and includes a range of variety of activation states, the duration of which will decide the outcome. In response to traumatic brain injury (TBI), early activation can lead to early restoration of function, while prolonged and continuous activation can cause neurodegeneration states. Current evidence, however, states that this may not be the case. In this article, we discuss this seldom understood topic of microglia response to TBI, and analyze their distribution, function and possible sites of manipulation. Animal studies have allowed genetic and pharmacological manipulations of microglia activation, in order to define their role. Microglia activation can be remote to the site of injury, and thus their manipulation may play a significant role in the response to any trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huber S. Padilla-Zambrano
- Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Harsh Deora
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Romario Mendoza-Florez
- Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Wiston Eduardo Cardenas-Chavez
- Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Monica Patricia Herrera-Martinez
- Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar
- Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kempuraj D, Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Thangavel R, Dhaliwal AS, Dubova I, Mentor S, Premkumar K, Saeed D, Zahoor H, Raikwar SP, Zaheer S, Iyer SS, Zaheer A. Brain Injury-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Response and Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscientist 2020; 26:134-155. [PMID: 31092147 PMCID: PMC7274851 DOI: 10.1177/1073858419848293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem in the United States, which affects about 1.7 million people each year. Glial cells, T-cells, and mast cells perform specific protective functions in different regions of the brain for the recovery of cognitive and motor functions after central nervous system (CNS) injuries including TBI. Chronic neuroinflammatory responses resulting in neuronal death and the accompanying stress following brain injury predisposes or accelerates the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in high-risk individuals. About 5.7 million Americans are currently living with AD. Immediately following brain injury, mast cells respond by releasing prestored and preactivated mediators and recruit immune cells to the CNS. Blood-brain barrier (BBB), tight junction and adherens junction proteins, neurovascular and gliovascular microstructural rearrangements, and dysfunction associated with increased trafficking of inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cells from the periphery across the BBB leads to increase in the chronic neuroinflammatory reactions following brain injury. In this review, we advance the hypothesis that neuroinflammatory responses resulting from mast cell activation along with the accompanying risk factors such as age, gender, food habits, emotional status, stress, allergic tendency, chronic inflammatory diseases, and certain drugs can accelerate brain injury-associated neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Arshdeep S. Dhaliwal
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Iuliia Dubova
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Shireen Mentor
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Keerthivaas Premkumar
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Daniyal Saeed
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Haris Zahoor
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P. Raikwar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Shankar S. Iyer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Heller C, Foiani MS, Moore K, Convery R, Bocchetta M, Neason M, Cash DM, Thomas D, Greaves CV, Woollacott IO, Shafei R, Van Swieten JC, Moreno F, Sanchez-Valle R, Borroni B, Laforce R, Masellis M, Tartaglia MC, Graff C, Galimberti D, Rowe JB, Finger E, Synofzik M, Vandenberghe R, de Mendonca A, Tagliavini F, Santana I, Ducharme S, Butler CR, Gerhard A, Levin J, Danek A, Frisoni G, Sorbi S, Otto M, Heslegrave AJ, Zetterberg H, Rohrer JD. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein is raised in progranulin-associated frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:263-270. [PMID: 31937580 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-321954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few validated fluid biomarkers in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a measure of astrogliosis, a known pathological process of FTD, but has yet to be explored as potential biomarker. METHODS Plasma GFAP and neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentration were measured in 469 individuals enrolled in the Genetic FTD Initiative: 114 C9orf72 expansion carriers (74 presymptomatic, 40 symptomatic), 119 GRN mutation carriers (88 presymptomatic, 31 symptomatic), 53 MAPT mutation carriers (34 presymptomatic, 19 symptomatic) and 183 non-carrier controls. Biomarker measures were compared between groups using linear regression models adjusted for age and sex with family membership included as random effect. Participants underwent standardised clinical assessments including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration-Clinical Dementia Rating scale and MRI. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship of plasma GFAP to clinical and imaging measures. RESULTS Plasma GFAP concentration was significantly increased in symptomatic GRN mutation carriers (adjusted mean difference from controls 192.3 pg/mL, 95% CI 126.5 to 445.6), but not in those with C9orf72 expansions (9.0, -61.3 to 54.6), MAPT mutations (12.7, -33.3 to 90.4) or the presymptomatic groups. GFAP concentration was significantly positively correlated with age in both controls and the majority of the disease groups, as well as with NfL concentration. In the presymptomatic period, higher GFAP concentrations were correlated with a lower cognitive score (MMSE) and lower brain volume, while in the symptomatic period, higher concentrations were associated with faster rates of atrophy in the temporal lobe. CONCLUSIONS Raised GFAP concentrations appear to be unique to GRN-related FTD, with levels potentially increasing just prior to symptom onset, suggesting that GFAP may be an important marker of proximity to onset, and helpful for forthcoming therapeutic prevention trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Heller
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martha S Foiani
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katrina Moore
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rhian Convery
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mollie Neason
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David M Cash
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Thomas
- Neuradiological Academic Unit, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Caroline V Greaves
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ione Oc Woollacott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rachelle Shafei
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John C Van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, País Vasco, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire du CHU de Québec, Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Santana
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Alex Gerhard
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Amanda J Heslegrave
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen Y, Qin C, Huang J, Tang X, Liu C, Huang K, Xu J, Guo G, Tong A, Zhou L. The role of astrocytes in oxidative stress of central nervous system: A mixed blessing. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12781. [PMID: 32035016 PMCID: PMC7106951 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) maintains a high level of metabolism, which leads to the generation of large amounts of free radicals, and it is also one of the most vulnerable organs to oxidative stress. Emerging evidences have shown that, as the key homeostatic cells in CNS, astrocytes are deeply involved in multiple aspects of CNS function including oxidative stress regulation. Besides, the redox level in CNS can in turn affect astrocytes in morphology and function. The complex and multiple roles of astrocytes indicate that their correct performance is crucial for the normal functioning of the CNS, and its dysfunction may result in the occurrence and progression of various neurological disorders. To date, the influence of astrocytes in CNS oxidative stress is rarely reviewed. Therefore, in this review we sum up the roles of astrocytes in redox regulation and the corresponding mechanisms under both normal and different pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keru Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moore KM, Nicholas J, Grossman M, McMillan CT, Irwin DJ, Massimo L, Van Deerlin VM, Warren JD, Fox NC, Rossor MN, Mead S, Bocchetta M, Boeve BF, Knopman DS, Graff-Radford NR, Forsberg LK, Rademakers R, Wszolek ZK, van Swieten JC, Jiskoot LC, Meeter LH, Dopper EG, Papma JM, Snowden JS, Saxon J, Jones M, Pickering-Brown S, Le Ber I, Camuzat A, Brice A, Caroppo P, Ghidoni R, Pievani M, Benussi L, Binetti G, Dickerson BC, Lucente D, Krivensky S, Graff C, Öijerstedt L, Fallström M, Thonberg H, Ghoshal N, Morris JC, Borroni B, Benussi A, Padovani A, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Fumagalli GG, Mackenzie IR, Hsiung GYR, Sengdy P, Boxer AL, Rosen H, Taylor JB, Synofzik M, Wilke C, Sulzer P, Hodges JR, Halliday G, Kwok J, Sanchez-Valle R, Lladó A, Borrego-Ecija S, Santana I, Almeida MR, Tábuas-Pereira M, Moreno F, Barandiaran M, Indakoetxea B, Levin J, Danek A, Rowe JB, Cope TE, Otto M, Anderl-Straub S, de Mendonça A, Maruta C, Masellis M, Black SE, Couratier P, Lautrette G, Huey ED, Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Laforce R, Tremblay MPL, Vandenberghe R, Damme PV, Rogalski EJ, Weintraub S, Gerhard A, Onyike CU, Ducharme S, Papageorgiou SG, Ng ASL, Brodtmann A, Finger E, Guerreiro R, Bras J, Rohrer JD. Age at symptom onset and death and disease duration in genetic frontotemporal dementia: an international retrospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:145-156. [PMID: 31810826 PMCID: PMC7007771 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal dementia is a heterogenous neurodegenerative disorder, with about a third of cases being genetic. Most of this genetic component is accounted for by mutations in GRN, MAPT, and C9orf72. In this study, we aimed to complement previous phenotypic studies by doing an international study of age at symptom onset, age at death, and disease duration in individuals with mutations in GRN, MAPT, and C9orf72. METHODS In this international, retrospective cohort study, we collected data on age at symptom onset, age at death, and disease duration for patients with pathogenic mutations in the GRN and MAPT genes and pathological expansions in the C9orf72 gene through the Frontotemporal Dementia Prevention Initiative and from published papers. We used mixed effects models to explore differences in age at onset, age at death, and disease duration between genetic groups and individual mutations. We also assessed correlations between the age at onset and at death of each individual and the age at onset and at death of their parents and the mean age at onset and at death of their family members. Lastly, we used mixed effects models to investigate the extent to which variability in age at onset and at death could be accounted for by family membership and the specific mutation carried. FINDINGS Data were available from 3403 individuals from 1492 families: 1433 with C9orf72 expansions (755 families), 1179 with GRN mutations (483 families, 130 different mutations), and 791 with MAPT mutations (254 families, 67 different mutations). Mean age at symptom onset and at death was 49·5 years (SD 10·0; onset) and 58·5 years (11·3; death) in the MAPT group, 58·2 years (9·8; onset) and 65·3 years (10·9; death) in the C9orf72 group, and 61·3 years (8·8; onset) and 68·8 years (9·7; death) in the GRN group. Mean disease duration was 6·4 years (SD 4·9) in the C9orf72 group, 7·1 years (3·9) in the GRN group, and 9·3 years (6·4) in the MAPT group. Individual age at onset and at death was significantly correlated with both parental age at onset and at death and with mean family age at onset and at death in all three groups, with a stronger correlation observed in the MAPT group (r=0·45 between individual and parental age at onset, r=0·63 between individual and mean family age at onset, r=0·58 between individual and parental age at death, and r=0·69 between individual and mean family age at death) than in either the C9orf72 group (r=0·32 individual and parental age at onset, r=0·36 individual and mean family age at onset, r=0·38 individual and parental age at death, and r=0·40 individual and mean family age at death) or the GRN group (r=0·22 individual and parental age at onset, r=0·18 individual and mean family age at onset, r=0·22 individual and parental age at death, and r=0·32 individual and mean family age at death). Modelling showed that the variability in age at onset and at death in the MAPT group was explained partly by the specific mutation (48%, 95% CI 35-62, for age at onset; 61%, 47-73, for age at death), and even more by family membership (66%, 56-75, for age at onset; 74%, 65-82, for age at death). In the GRN group, only 2% (0-10) of the variability of age at onset and 9% (3-21) of that of age of death was explained by the specific mutation, whereas 14% (9-22) of the variability of age at onset and 20% (12-30) of that of age at death was explained by family membership. In the C9orf72 group, family membership explained 17% (11-26) of the variability of age at onset and 19% (12-29) of that of age at death. INTERPRETATION Our study showed that age at symptom onset and at death of people with genetic frontotemporal dementia is influenced by genetic group and, particularly for MAPT mutations, by the specific mutation carried and by family membership. Although estimation of age at onset will be an important factor in future pre-symptomatic therapeutic trials for all three genetic groups, our study suggests that data from other members of the family will be particularly helpful only for individuals with MAPT mutations. Further work in identifying both genetic and environmental factors that modify phenotype in all groups will be important to improve such estimates. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, and Alzheimer's Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Moore
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Nicholas
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Department of Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Massimo
- Department of Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin N Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Lize C Jiskoot
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lieke H Meeter
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elise Gp Dopper
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janne M Papma
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julie S Snowden
- Cerebral Function Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer Saxon
- Cerebral Function Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Jones
- Cerebral Function Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Cerebral Function Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière & Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou précoces, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Camuzat
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière & Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou précoces, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière & Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou précoces, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Paola Caroppo
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière & Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou précoces, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Pievani
- Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane Lucente
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Krivensky
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Graff
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Linn Öijerstedt
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marie Fallström
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Håkan Thonberg
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nupur Ghoshal
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Benussi
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Centro Dino Ferrari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centro Dino Ferrari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio G Fumagalli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centro Dino Ferrari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ian R Mackenzie
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ging-Yuek R Hsiung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pheth Sengdy
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howie Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanne B Taylor
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carlo Wilke
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Sulzer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Borrego-Ecija
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Miguel Tábuas-Pereira
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain; Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Disease, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Myriam Barandiaran
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain; Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Disease, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Indakoetxea
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain; Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Disease, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas E Cope
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Mario Masellis
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Couratier
- Centre de Compétence Démences Rares, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Geraldine Lautrette
- Centre de Compétence Démences Rares, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Edward D Huey
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier L Tremblay
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emily J Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Adeline Su Lyn Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jose Bras
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tian G, Jin X, Wang Q, Ye T, Li G, Liu J. Recent advances in the study of progranulin and its role in sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106090. [PMID: 31869774 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The mortality rate of in-hospital patients whose conditions are complicated by sepsis remains high in spite of intensive-care treatment, therefore placing a significant financial burden on the health care system. In recent years, progranulin (PGRN), a cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP), has been found to play a crucial role in sepsis. PGRN participates in the pathogenesis of sepsis via diverse pathways, including bacterial clearance, cell growth and survival, tissue repair, and the regulation of inflammation. PGRN knockout mice suffer from serious infectious processes, whereas therapeutic administration of recombinant PGRN to such mice enhances bacterial clearance and reduces organ injury and mortality rate. Even though PGRN plays an important role in regulating sepsis, its potential mechanisms have not been completely clarified. In this review, we summarize the most recent research advances in the study of PGRN and its role in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinrui Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases (Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University), Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Guangrong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang C, Zhang L, Ndong JDLC, Hettinghouse A, Sun G, Chen C, Zhang C, Liu R, Liu CJ. Progranulin deficiency exacerbates spinal cord injury by promoting neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:238. [PMID: 31775776 PMCID: PMC6882111 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in significant and catastrophic dysfunction and disability and imposes a huge economic burden on society. This study aimed to determine whether progranulin (PGRN) plays a role in the progressive damage following SCI and evaluate the potential for development of a PGRN derivative as a new therapeutic target in SCI. METHODS PGRN-deficient (Gr-/-) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice were subjected to SCI using a weight-drop technique. Local PGRN expression following injury was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), inclined grid walking test, and inclined plane test were conducted at indicated time points to assess neurological recovery. Inflammation and apoptosis were examined by histology (Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and Nissl staining, TUNEL assays, and immunofluorescence), Western blotting (from whole tissue protein for iNOS/p-p65/Bax/Bcl-2), and ex vivo ELISA (for TNFα/IL-1β/IL-6/IL-10). To identify the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of targeting PGRN, a PGRN derived small protein, Atsttrin, was conjugated to PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermosensitive hydrogel and injected into intrathecal space prior to SCI. BMS was recorded for neurological recovery and Western blotting was applied to detect the inflammatory and apoptotic proteins. RESULTS After SCI, PGRN was highly expressed in activated macrophage/microglia and peaked at day 7 post-injury. Grn-/- mice showed a delayed neurological recovery after SCI at day 21, 28, 35, and 42 post-injury relative to WT controls. Histology, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and ELISA all indicated that Grn-/- mice manifested uncontrolled and expanded inflammation and apoptosis. Administration of control-released Atsttrin could improve the neurological recovery and the pro-inflammatory/pro-apoptotic effect of PGRN deficiency. CONCLUSION PGRN deficiency exacerbates SCI by promoting neuroinflammation and cellular apoptosis, which can be alleviated by Atsttrin. Collectively, our data provide novel evidence of using PGRN derivatives as a promising therapeutic approach to improve the functional recovery for patients with spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jean De La Croix Ndong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Guodong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Changhong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ronghan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schmitz K, Wilken-Schmitz A, Vasic V, Brunkhorst R, Schmidt M, Tegeder I. Progranulin deficiency confers resistance to autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:1077-1091. [PMID: 31467413 PMCID: PMC7609649 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin is a secreted neurotrophin that assists in the autophagolysosomal pathways that contribute to MHC-mediated antigen processing, pathogen removal, and autoimmunity. We showed that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have high levels of circulating progranulin and that its depletion in a mouse model by a monoclonal antibody aggravates MS-like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, unexpectedly, progranulin-deficient mice (Grn−/−) were resistant to EAE, and this resistance was fully restored by wild-type bone marrow transplantation. FACS analyses revealed a loss of MHC-II-positive antigen-presenting cells in Grn−/− mice and a reduction in the number of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells along with a strong increase in the number of scavenger receptor class B (CD36+) phagocytes, suggesting defects in antigen presentation along with a compensatory increase in phagocytosis. Indeed, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from Grn−/− mice showed stronger uptake of antigens but failed to elicit antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. An increase in the number of CD36+ phagocytes was associated with increased local inflammation at the site of immunization, stronger stimulation-evoked morphological transformation of bone marrow-derived macrophages to phagocytes, an increase in the phagocytosis of E. coli particles and latex beads and defects in the clearance of the material. Hence, the outcomes in the EAE model reflect the dichotomy of progranulin-mediated immune silencing and autoimmune mechanisms of antigen recognition and presentation, and our results reveal a novel progranulin-dependent pathway in autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Annett Wilken-Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Verica Vasic
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Brunkhorst
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mirko Schmidt
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Krämer TJ, Hack N, Brühl TJ, Menzel L, Hummel R, Griemert EV, Klein M, Thal SC, Bopp T, Schäfer MKE. Depletion of regulatory T cells increases T cell brain infiltration, reactive astrogliosis, and interferon-γ gene expression in acute experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:163. [PMID: 31383034 PMCID: PMC6683516 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. T cells were shown to infiltrate the brain during the first days after injury and to exacerbate tissue damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the hitherto unresolved role of immunosuppressive, regulatory T cells (Tregs) in experimental TBI. Methods “Depletion of regulatory T cell” (DEREG) and wild type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice, treated with diphtheria toxin (DTx) to deplete Tregs or to serve as control, were subjected to the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI. Neurological and motor deficits were examined until 5 days post-injury (dpi). At the 5 dpi endpoint, (immuno-) histological, protein, and gene expression analyses were carried out to evaluate the consequences of Tregs depletion. Comparison of parametric or non-parametric data between two groups was done using Student’s t test or the Mann-Whitney U test. For multiple comparisons, p values were calculated by one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by specific post hoc tests. Results The overall neurological outcome at 5 dpi was not different between DEREG and WT mice but more severe motor deficits occurred transiently at 1 dpi in DEREG mice. DEREG and WT mice did not differ in the extent of brain damage, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, or neuronal excitotoxicity, as examined by lesion volumetry, immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation, or calpain-generated αII-spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs), respectively. In contrast, increased protein levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and GFAP+ astrocytes in the ipsilesional brain tissue indicated exaggerated reactive astrogliosis in DEREG mice. T cell counts following anti-CD3 immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses of Cd247 (CD3 subunit zeta) and Cd8a (CD8a) further indicated an increased number of T cells infiltrating the brain injury sites of DEREG mice compared to WT. These changes coincided with increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory interferon-γ (Ifng) in DEREG mice compared to WT in the injured brain. Conclusions The results show that the depletion of Tregs attenuates T cell brain infiltration, reactive astrogliosis, interferon-γ gene expression, and transiently motor deficits in murine acute traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J Krämer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1 (Bld. 505), 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathalia Hack
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1 (Bld. 505), 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Till J Brühl
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lutz Menzel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1 (Bld. 505), 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Regina Hummel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1 (Bld. 505), 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva-Verena Griemert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1 (Bld. 505), 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Serge C Thal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1 (Bld. 505), 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1 (Bld. 505), 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tsuruma K, Saito Y, Okuyoshi H, Yamaguchi A, Shimazawa M, Goldman D, Hara H. Granulin 1 Promotes Retinal Regeneration in Zebrafish. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:6057-6066. [PMID: 30577041 PMCID: PMC6314112 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal degenerative diseases can progress to severe reductions of vision. In general, the changes are permanent in higher vertebrates, including humans; however, retinal regeneration can occur in lower vertebrates, such as amphibians and teleost fish. Progranulin is a secreted growth factor that is involved in normal development and wound-healing processes. We have shown that progranulin promotes the proliferation of retinal precursor cells in mouse retinas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role played by granulin 1 (grn1) in the retinal regeneration in zebrafish. Methods We injured the retina of zebrafish with needle puncturing, and the retinas were examined at different times after the injury. We also checked the proliferation and the expression of retinal regeneration–related genes after knockdown of grn1 by electroporation with morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) and intravitreal injection of recombinant grn1. Results Our results showed that the level of grn1 was highly increased after retinal injury, and it was expressed in various types of retinal cells. A knockdown of grn1 reduced the proliferation of Müller glial cells in zebrafish eyes undergoing retinal regeneration. The knockdown of grn1 also reduced the expression of achaete-scute homolog 1a (ascl1a), an important factor in retinal regeneration. An intravitreal injection of recombinant grn1 led to a proliferation of Müller glial cells and an increase in the expression of retinal regeneration–related genes, such as ascl1a and lin28. Conclusions These findings suggested that grn1 should be considered as a target for stimulating the dedifferentiation of Müller glial cells and retinal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.,Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okuyoshi
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
McConnell HL, Li Z, Woltjer RL, Mishra A. Astrocyte dysfunction and neurovascular impairment in neurological disorders: Correlation or causation? Neurochem Int 2019; 128:70-84. [PMID: 30986503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit, consisting of neurons, astrocytes, and vascular cells, has become the focus of much discussion in the last two decades and emerging literature now suggests an association between neurovascular dysfunction and neurological disorders. In this review, we synthesize the known and suspected contributions of astrocytes to neurovascular dysfunction in disease. Throughout the brain, astrocytes are centrally positioned to dynamically mediate interactions between neurons and the cerebral vasculature, and play key roles in blood-brain barrier maintenance and neurovascular coupling. It is increasingly apparent that the changes in astrocytes in response to a variety of insults to brain tissue -collectively referred to as "reactive astrogliosis" - are not just an epiphenomenon restricted to morphological alterations, but comprise functional changes in astrocytes that contribute to the phenotype of neurological diseases with both beneficial and detrimental effects. In the context of the neurovascular unit, astrocyte dysfunction accompanies, and may contribute to, blood-brain barrier impairment and neurovascular dysregulation, highlighting the need to determine the exact nature of the relationship between astrocyte dysfunction and neurovascular impairments. Targeting astrocytes may represent a new strategy in combinatorial therapeutics for preventing the mismatch of energy supply and demand that often accompanies neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L McConnell
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Zhenzhou Li
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, China
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Neuropathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gölz C, Kirchhoff FP, Westerhorstmann J, Schmidt M, Hirnet T, Rune GM, Bender RA, Schäfer MKE. Sex hormones modulate pathogenic processes in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2019; 150:173-187. [PMID: 30790293 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and animal studies have revealed sex-specific differences in histopathological and neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The impact of perioperative administration of sex steroid inhibitors on TBI is still elusive. Here, we subjected male and female C57Bl/6N mice to the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI and applied pharmacological inhibitors of steroid hormone synthesis, that is, letrozole (LET, inhibiting estradiol synthesis by aromatase) and finasteride (FIN, inhibiting dihydrotestosterone synthesis by 5α-reductase), respectively, starting 72 h prior CCI, and continuing for a further 48 h after CCI. Initial gene expression analyses showed that androgen (Ar) and estrogen receptors (Esr1) were sex-specifically altered 72 h after CCI. When examining brain lesion size, we found larger lesions in male than in female mice, but did not observe effects of FIN or LET treatment. However, LET treatment exacerbated neurological deficits 24 and 72 h after CCI. On the molecular level, FIN administration reduced calpain-dependent spectrin breakdown products, a proxy of excitotoxicity and disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, specifically in males, whereas LET increased the reactive astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acid protein specifically in females. Examination of neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal growth factor, NT-3) and their receptors (p75NTR , TrkA, TrkB, TrkC) revealed CCI-induced down-regulation of TrkB and TrkC protein expression, which was reduced by LET in both sexes. Interestingly, FIN decreased neuronal growth factor mRNA expression and protein levels of its receptor TrkA only in males. Taken together, our data suggest a sex-specific impact on pathogenic processes in the injured brain after TBI. Sex hormones may thus modulate pathogenic processes in experimental TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gölz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Paul Kirchhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Hirnet
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabriele M Rune
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland A Bender
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu L, Qu Y, Liu Y, Zhao H, Ma HC, Noor AF, Ji CJ, Nie L, Si M, Cheng L. Atsttrin reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1994-2002. [PMID: 31290458 PMCID: PMC6676886 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progranulin is closely related to neuronal survival in a neuroinflammatory mouse model and attenuates inflammatory reactions. Atsttrin is an engineered protein composed of three progranulin fragments and has been shown to have an effect similar to that of progranulin. Atsttrin has anti-inflammatory actions in multiple arthritis mouse models, and it protects against further arthritis development. However, whether Atsttrin has a role in neuroinflammation remains to be elucidated. In this study, we produced a neuroinflammatory mouse model by intracerebroventricular injection of 1 μL lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/μL). Atsttrin (2.5 mg/kg) was administered via intraperitoneal injection every 3 days over a period of 7 days before intracerebroventricular injection of 1 μL lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/μL). In addition, astrocyte cultures were treated with 0, 100 or 300 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide, with 200 ng/mL Atsttrin simultaneously. Immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to examine the protein and mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators and to assess activation of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Progranulin expression in the brain of wild-type mice and in astrocyte cultures was increased after lipopolysaccharide administration. The protein and mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase were increased in the brain of progranulin knockout mice after lipopolysaccharide administration. Atsttrin treatment reduced the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in the protein and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brain of progranulin knockout mice. Atsttrin also reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinase 3 mRNA in lipopolysaccharide-treated astrocytes in vitro, and decreased the concentration of tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-1β in the supernatant. Furthermore, Atsttrin significantly reduced the levels of phospho-nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor a in the brain of lipopolysaccharide-treated progranulin knockout mice and astrocytes, and it decreased the expression of nuclear factor kappa B2 in astrocytes. Collectively, our findings show that the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of Atsttrin involves inhibiton of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway, and they suggest that Atsttrin may have clinical potential in neuroinflammatory therapy. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China (approval No. KYLL-2015(KS)-088) on February 10, 2015.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - He-Cheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ahmed Fayyaz Noor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Chang-Jiao Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng Si
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|