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Yan C, Liu Z. The role of periaqueductal gray astrocytes in anxiety-like behavior induced by acute stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 720:150073. [PMID: 38754161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes in the central nervous system play a vital role in modulating synaptic transmission and neuronal activation by releasing gliotransmitters. The 5-HTergic neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) are important in anxiety processing. However, it remains uncertain whether the regulation of astrocytic activity on vlPAG 5-HTergic neurons is involved in anxiety processing. Here, through chemogenetic manipulation, we explored the impact of astrocytic activity in the PAG on the regulation of anxiety. To determine the role of astrocytes in the control of anxiety, we induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice through foot shock and investigated their effects on synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability in vlPAG 5-HTergic neurons. Foot shock caused anxiety-like behaviors, which were accompanied with the increase of the amplitude and frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), the area of slow inward currents (SICs), and the spike frequency of action potentials (AP) in vlPAG 5-HTergic neurons. The chemogenetic inhibition of vlPAG astrocytes was found to attenuate stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and decrease the heightened synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability of vlPAG 5-HTergic neurons. Conversely, chemogenetic activation of vlPAG astrocytes triggered anxiety-like behaviors, enhanced synaptic transmission, and increased the excitability of vlPAG 5-HTergic neurons in unstressed mice. In summary, this study has provided initial insights into the pathway by which astrocytes influence behavior through the rapid regulation of associated neurons. This offers a new perspective for the investigation of the biological mechanisms underlying anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanting Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 Chang'an South Road, Xi'an, 710062, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, 555 Qiangye Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 Chang'an South Road, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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2
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Cuautle DG, Donna S, Cieri MB, Villarreal A, Ramos AJ. Pathological remodeling of reactive astrocytes: Involvement of DNA methylation and downregulation of homeostatic genes. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38943350 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes provide metabolic support to neurons, maintain ionic and water homeostasis, and uptake and recycle neurotransmitters. After exposure to the prototypical PAMP lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reactive astrocytes increase the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, facilitating neurodegeneration. In this study, we analyzed the expression of homeostatic genes in astrocytes exposed to LPS and identified the epigenetic factors contributing to the suppression of homeostatic genes in reactive astrocytes. Primary astrocytic cultures were acutely exposed to LPS and allowed to recover for 24, 72 h, and 7 days. As expected, LPS exposure induced reactive astrogliosis and increased the expression of pro-inflammatory IL-1B and IL-6. Interestingly, the acute exposure resulted in persistent hypermethylation of astroglial DNA. Similar hypermethylation was observed in highly reactive astrocytes from the traumatic brain injury (TBI) penumbra in vivo. Hypermethylation was accompanied by decreased expression of homeostatic genes including LDHA and Scl16a1 (MCT1) both involved in the lactate shuttle to neurons; glutamine synthase (GS) responsible for glutamate processing; Kcnj10 (Kir4.1) important for K+ homeostasis, and the water channel aquaporin-4 (Aqp4). Furthermore, the master regulator of DNA methylation, MAFG-1, as well as DNA methyl transferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a were overexpressed. The downregulation of homeostatic genes correlated with increased methylation of CpG islands in their promoters, as assessed by methylation-sensitive PCR and increased DNMT3a binding to the GS promoter. Treatment with decitabine, a DNMT inhibitor, prevented the LPS- and the HMGB-1-induced downregulation of homeostatic genes. Decitabine treatment also prevented the neurotoxic effects of these astrocytes in primary cortical cultures. In summary, our findings reveal that the pathological remodeling of reactive astrocytes encompasses not only the pro-inflammatory response but, significantly, also entails a long-term suppression of homeostatic gene expression with methylation of crucial CpG islands within their promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Gómez Cuautle
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Donna
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Cieri
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Javier Ramos
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Llavero F, Zugaza JL. The importance of muscle glycogen phosphorylase in glial cells function. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1265-1274. [PMID: 38661212 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The three isoforms of glycogen phosphorylase - PYGM, PYGB, and PYGL - are expressed in glial cells. Unlike PYGB and PYGL, PYGM is the only isoform regulated by Rac1. This specific regulation may confer a differential functional role compared with the other glycogen phosphorylases-PYGB and PYGL. The involvement of muscle glycogen phosphorylase in glial cells and its association with post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins through O-glycosylation is indeed a fascinating and emerging area of research. The dual role it plays in metabolic processes and the regulation of PTMs within the brain presents intriguing implications for various neurological conditions. Disruptions in the O-GlcNAcylation cycle and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is particularly noteworthy. The alterations in O-GlcNAcylation levels of specific proteins, such as APP, c-Fos, and tau protein, highlight the intricate relationship between PTMs and AD. Understanding these processes and the regulatory function of muscle glycogen phosphorylase sheds light on its impact on protein function, signaling pathways, cellular homeostasis, neurological health, and potential interventions for brain-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Llavero
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Sede Building, 3rd Floor, Barrio de Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - José L Zugaza
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Sede Building, 3rd Floor, Barrio de Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Barrio de Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Gargiulo MR, Argibay LM, Molina VA, Calfa GD, Bender CL. Role of amygdala astrocytes in different phases of contextual fear memory. Behav Brain Res 2024; 468:115017. [PMID: 38679145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates a critical role of astrocytes in learning and memory. However, little is known about the role of basolateral amygdala complex (BLA-C) astrocytes in contextual fear conditioning (CFC), a paradigm relevant to understand and generate treatments for fear- and anxiety-related disorders. To get insights on the involvement of BLA-C astrocytes in fear memory, fluorocitrate (FLC), a reversible astroglial metabolic inhibitor, was applied at critical moments of the memory processing in order to target the acquisition, consolidation, retrieval and reconsolidation process of the fear memory. Adult Wistar male rats were bilaterally cannulated in BLA-C. Ten days later they were infused with different doses of FLC (0.5 or 1 nmol/0.5 µl) or saline before or after CFC and before or after retrieval. FLC impaired fear memory expression when administered before and shortly after CFC, but not one hour later. Infusion of FLC prior and after retrieval did not affect the memory. Our findings suggest that BLA-C astrocytes are critically involved in the acquisition/early consolidation of fear memory but not in the retrieval and reconsolidation. Furthermore, the extinction process was presumably not affected (considering that peri-retrieval administration could also affect this process).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Riva Gargiulo
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) - Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher (FCQ-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lourdes María Argibay
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) - Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher (FCQ-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Víctor Alejandro Molina
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) - Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher (FCQ-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gastón Diego Calfa
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) - Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher (FCQ-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Crhistian Luis Bender
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) - Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher (FCQ-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Dhureja M, Chaturvedi P, Choudhary A, Kumar P, Munshi A. Molecular Insights of Drug Resistance in Epilepsy: Multi-omics Unveil. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04220-6. [PMID: 38753128 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a devastating neurological disorder mainly associated with impaired synchronic discharge that leads to sensory, motor, and psychomotor impairments. Till now, about 30 anti-seizure medications (ASMs) have been approved for the management of epilepsy, yet one-third of individuals still have uncontrollable epilepsy and develop resistance. Drug resistance epilepsy (DRE) is defined as the condition where two ASMs fail to control the seizure in epileptic patients. The leading cause of the resistance was the extended use of ASMs. According to various studies, alterations in some genes and their expressions, along with specific metabolic impairments, are suggested to be associated with ASMs resistance and DRE pathophysiology. Several factors aid in the pathophysiology of DRE, such as alterations in protein-encoding genes such as neurotransmitter receptors, drug transporters, ion channels, and drug targets. Furthermore, the altered metabolite levels of metabolites implicated in neurotransmitter signaling, energetic pathways, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory signaling differentiate the epileptic patient from the DRE patient. Various DRE biomarkers can be identified using the "integrated omics approach," which includes the study of genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. The current review has been compiled to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of DRE by focusing on genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. An effort has also been made to identify the therapeutic targets based on identifying significant markers by a multi-omics approach. This has the potential to develop novel therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maanvi Dhureja
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Pragya Chaturvedi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicines, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Anita Choudhary
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicines, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicines, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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6
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of Lactate in Brain Metabolism, Plasticity, and Neurodegeneration? Neurology 2024; 102:e209378. [PMID: 38574305 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
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7
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Rae CD, Baur JA, Borges K, Dienel G, Díaz-García CM, Douglass SR, Drew K, Duarte JMN, Duran J, Kann O, Kristian T, Lee-Liu D, Lindquist BE, McNay EC, Robinson MB, Rothman DL, Rowlands BD, Ryan TA, Scafidi J, Scafidi S, Shuttleworth CW, Swanson RA, Uruk G, Vardjan N, Zorec R, McKenna MC. Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research. J Neurochem 2024; 168:910-954. [PMID: 38183680 PMCID: PMC11102343 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays out major gaps in our knowledge of interrelationships between brain metabolism and brain function, including biochemical, cellular, and subcellular aspects of functional metabolism and its imaging in adult brain, as well as during development, aging, and disease. The focus is on unknowns in metabolism of major brain substrates and associated transporters, the roles of insulin and of lipid droplets, the emerging role of metabolism in microglia, mysteries about the major brain cofactor and signaling molecule NAD+, as well as unsolved problems underlying brain metabolism in pathologies such as traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and metabolic downregulation during hibernation. It describes our current level of understanding of these facets of brain energy metabolism as well as a roadmap for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D. Rae
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052 & Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerald Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Kelly Drew
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - João M. N. Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dasfne Lee-Liu
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Britta E. Lindquist
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ewan C. McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael B. Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and System Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Rowlands
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C. William Shuttleworth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Raymond A. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gökhan Uruk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mary C. McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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McNay EC. Diet-induced diabetes is associated with lower hippocampal glycogen and reduced glycogenolysis following local exogenous insulin. J Neurochem 2024; 168:760-764. [PMID: 37885343 PMCID: PMC11045660 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain fuel (specifically, glucose) supply and metabolism are well-established to be limiting factors for cognitive performance, with the largest body of data being for hippocampally mediated tasks. Consistent with this, disease states such as Alzheimer's disease and insulin-resistant diabetes, that impair cognitive metabolism, impair cognition with this being shown again most prominently for hippocampally mediated processes. In addition to glucose supplied from the blood, brain oxidative metabolism can use local glycogen stores (within astrocytes) as a fuel source via conversion to lactate; both lactate and glycogen have been shown to be important contributors to regulation of cognitive metabolism. Insulin has been shown to be a key regulator of hippocampal cognitive and metabolic processes; in the periphery, insulin facilitates glycogen synthesis and storage, but the impact on brain glycogen is unclear. Furthermore, the impact of diet-induced diabetes on hippocampal glycogen levels and/or metabolism is unknown. Here, we show that in rats with high-fat diet-induced diabetes, hippocampal glycogen is reduced and is less responsive to acute intrahippocampal administration of insulin, which significantly reduces glycogen in the hippocampi of control animals: Our data suggest that impaired fuel availability from glycogen may be a contributing factor to the cognitive impairment seen in disease states that include central insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan C. McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
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Syvänen V, Koistinaho J, Lehtonen Š. Identification of the abnormalities in astrocytic functions as potential drug targets for neurodegenerative disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:603-616. [PMID: 38409817 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2322988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Historically, astrocytes were seen primarily as a supportive cell population within the brain; with neurodegenerative disease research focusing exclusively on malfunctioning neurons. However, astrocytes perform numerous tasks that are essential for maintenance of the central nervous system`s complex processes. Disruption of these functions can have negative consequences; hence, it is unsurprising to observe a growing amount of evidence for the essential role of astrocytes in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting astrocytic functions may serve as a potential disease-modifying drug therapy in the future. AREAS COVERED The present review emphasizes the key astrocytic functions associated with neurodegenerative diseases and explores the possibility of pharmaceutical interventions to modify these processes. In addition, the authors provide an overview of current advancement in this field by including studies of possible drug candidates. EXPERT OPINION Glial research has experienced a significant renaissance in the last quarter-century. Understanding how disease pathologies modify or are caused by astrocyte functions is crucial when developing treatments for brain diseases. Future research will focus on building advanced models that can more precisely correlate to the state in the human brain, with the goal of routinely testing therapies in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtteri Syvänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, and Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Markussen KH, Corti M, Byrne BJ, Kooi CWV, Sun RC, Gentry MS. The multifaceted roles of the brain glycogen. J Neurochem 2024; 168:728-743. [PMID: 37554056 PMCID: PMC10901277 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen is a biologically essential macromolecule that is directly involved in multiple human diseases. While its primary role in carbohydrate storage and energy metabolism in the liver and muscle is well characterized, recent research has highlighted critical metabolic and non-metabolic roles for glycogen in the brain. In this review, the emerging roles of glycogen homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain are discussed with a focus on advancing our understanding of the role of glycogen in the brain. Innovative technologies that have led to novel insights into glycogen functions are detailed. Key insights into how cellular localization impacts neuronal and glial function are discussed. Perturbed glycogen functions are observed in multiple disorders of the brain, including where it serves as a disease driver in the emerging category of neurological glycogen storage diseases (n-GSDs). n-GSDs include Lafora disease (LD), adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD), Cori disease, Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (G1D), GSD0b, and late-onset Pompe disease (PD). They are neurogenetic disorders characterized by aberrant glycogen which results in devastating neurological and systemic symptoms. In the most severe cases, rapid neurodegeneration coupled with dementia results in death soon after diagnosis. Finally, we discuss current treatment strategies that are currently being developed and have the potential to be of great benefit to patients with n-GSD. Taken together, novel technologies and biological insights have resulted in a renaissance in brain glycogen that dramatically advanced our understanding of both biology and disease. Future studies are needed to expand our understanding and the multifaceted roles of glycogen and effectively apply these insights to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia H. Markussen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Manuela Corti
- Department of Pediatrics, Powell Gene Therapy Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA
| | - Barry J. Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, Powell Gene Therapy Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA
| | - Craig W. Vander Kooi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA
- Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida
- Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative
| | - Ramon C. Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA
- Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida
- Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative
| | - Matthew S. Gentry
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA
- Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida
- Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative
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Gil-Sánchez A, Gonzalo H, Canudes M, Nogueras L, González-Mingot C, Valcheva P, Torres P, Serrano JC, Peralta S, Solana MJ, Brieva L. Can Glatiramer Acetate Prevent Cognitive Impairment by Modulating Oxidative Stress in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:459. [PMID: 38675419 PMCID: PMC11053874 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination and neuroinflammation, often accompanied by cognitive impairment. This study aims (1) to investigate the potential of glatiramer acetate (GA) as a therapy for preventing cognitive decline in patients with MS (pwMS) by modulating oxidative stress (OS) and (2) to seek out the differences in cognition between pwMS in a cohort exhibiting good clinical evolution and control subjects (CS). An exploratory, prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional case-control study was conducted, involving three groups at a 1:1:1 ratio-41 GA-treated pwMS, 42 untreated pwMS, and 42 CS. The participants performed a neuropsychological battery and underwent venepuncture for blood sampling. The inclusion criteria required an Expanded Disability Status Scale score of ≤3.0 and a minimum of 5 years of MS disease. Concerning cognition, the CS had a better performance than the pwMS (p = <0.0001), and between those treated and untreated with GA, no statistically significant differences were found. Regarding oxidation, no statistically significant differences were detected. Upon categorizing the pwMS into cognitively impaired and cognitively preserved groups, the lactate was elevated in the pwMS with cognitive preservation (p = 0.038). The pwMS exhibited a worse cognitive performance than the CS. The pwMS treated with GA did not show an improvement in oxidation. Lactate emerged as a potential biomarker for cognitive preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gil-Sánchez
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (C.G.-M.); (P.V.); (S.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Hugo Gonzalo
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (C.G.-M.); (P.V.); (S.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Marc Canudes
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (C.G.-M.); (P.V.); (S.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Lara Nogueras
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (C.G.-M.); (P.V.); (S.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Cristina González-Mingot
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (C.G.-M.); (P.V.); (S.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida (HUAVLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Medicine, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Petya Valcheva
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (C.G.-M.); (P.V.); (S.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Pascual Torres
- Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Medicine, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Jose Carlos Serrano
- NUTREN-Nutrigenomics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Silvia Peralta
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (C.G.-M.); (P.V.); (S.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida (HUAVLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria José Solana
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (C.G.-M.); (P.V.); (S.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida (HUAVLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Luis Brieva
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (C.G.-M.); (P.V.); (S.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida (HUAVLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Medicine, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
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12
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Wu Y, Hu H, Liu W, Zhao Y, Xie F, Sun Z, Zhang L, Dong H, Wang X, Qian L. Hippocampal Lactate-Infusion Enhances Spatial Memory Correlated with Monocarboxylate Transporter 2 and Lactylation. Brain Sci 2024; 14:327. [PMID: 38671979 PMCID: PMC11048250 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate has emerged as a key player in regulating neural functions and cognitive processes. Beyond its function as an energy substrate and signal molecule, recent research has revealed lactate to serve as an epigenetic regulator in the brain. However, the molecular mechanisms by which lactate regulates spatial memory and its role in the prevention of cognitive disorders remain unclear. Herein, we injected L-lactate (10 μmol/kg/d for 6 d) into the mouse's hippocampus, followed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test and molecular analyses. Improved spatial memory performances were observed in mice injected with lactate. Besides, lactate upregulated the expression of synaptic proteins post-synaptic density 95 (PSD95), synaptophysin (SYP), and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) in hippocampal tissues and HT22 cells, suggesting a potential role in synaptic transmission and memory formation. The facilitative role of monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2), a neuron-specific lactate transporter, in this process was confirmed, as MCT2 antagonists attenuated the lactate-induced upregulation of synaptic proteins. Moreover, lactate induced protein lactylation, a post-translational modification, which could be suppressed by MCT2 inhibition. RNA sequencing of lactated-injected hippocampal tissues revealed a comprehensive gene expression profile influenced by lactate, with significant changes in genes associated with transcriptional progress. These data demonstrate that hippocampal lactate injection enhances spatial memory in mice, potentially through the upregulation of synaptic proteins and induction of protein lactylation, with MCT2 playing a crucial role in these processes. Our findings shed light on the multi-faceted role of lactate in neural function and memory regulation, opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.X.); (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Hui Hu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.X.); (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.X.); (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (H.D.)
- College of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.X.); (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Fang Xie
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.X.); (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.X.); (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Ling Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.X.); (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Huafeng Dong
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.X.); (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lingjia Qian
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; (Y.W.); (H.H.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.X.); (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (H.D.)
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13
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Mochel F. What can pediatricians learn from adult inherited metabolic diseases? J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38520225 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The field of inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) has initially emerged and developed over decades in pediatric departments. Still, today, about 50% of patients with IMD are adults, and adult metabolic medicine (AMM) is getting more structured at national and international levels. There are several domains in which pediatricians can learn from AMM. First, long-term evolution of IMD patients, especially those treated since childhood, is critical to determine nutritional and neuropsychiatric outcomes in adults so that these outcomes can be better monitored, and patient care adjusted as much as possible from childhood. Conversely, the observation of attenuated phenotypes in adults of IMD known to present with severe phenotypes in children calls for caution in the development of newborn screening programs and, more largely, in the interpretation of next-generation sequencing data. Third, it is important for pediatricians to be familiar with adult-onset IMD as they expand our understanding of metabolism, including in children, such as oxysterols and glycogen metabolism. Last, the identification of common molecular and cellular mechanisms in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration opens the way to synergistic therapeutic developments that will benefit both fields of pediatric and adult medicine. Overall, these observations underline the need of strong interdisciplinarity between pediatricians and adult specialists for the diagnosis and the treatment of IMD well beyond the issues of patient transition from pediatric to adult medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Mochel
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Centers for Adult Neurometabolic Diseases and Adult Leukodystrophies, Paris, France
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Paris, France
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14
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Chamaa F, Magistretti PJ, Fiumelli H. Astrocyte-derived lactate in stress disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106417. [PMID: 38296112 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress disorders are psychiatric disorders arising following stressful or traumatic events. They could deleteriously affect an individual's health because they often co-occur with mental illnesses. Considerable attention has been focused on neurons when considering the neurobiology of stress disorders. However, like other mental health conditions, recent studies have highlighted the importance of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. In addition to their structural and homeostatic support role, astrocytes actively serve several functions in regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity, protecting neurons from toxic compounds, and providing metabolic support for neurons. The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle model sets forth the importance of astrocytes in providing lactate for the metabolic supply of neurons under intense activity. Lactate also plays a role as a signaling molecule and has been recently studied regarding its antidepressant activity. This review discusses the involvement of astrocytes and brain energy metabolism in stress and further reflects on the importance of lactate as an energy supply in the brain and its emerging antidepressant role in stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Chamaa
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hubert Fiumelli
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Meng X, Wu W, Tang Y, Peng M, Yang J, Yuan S, Hu Z, Liu W. Lactate/Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications-Exercise Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04067-x. [PMID: 38427215 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lactate has a novel function different from previously known functions despite its traditional association with hypoxia in skeletal muscle. It plays various direct and indirect physiological functions. It is a vital energy source within the central nervous system (CNS) and a signal transmitter regulating crucial processes, such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Activating lactate and its associated receptors elicits effects like synaptic plasticity and angiogenesis alterations. These effects can significantly influence the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, potentially impacting cognitive performance. Decreased cognitive function relates to different neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), ischemic brain injury, and frontotemporal dementia. Therefore, lactic acid has significant potential for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Exercise is a method that induces the production of lactic acid, which is similar to the effect of lactate injections. It is a harmless and natural way to achieve comparable results. Animal experiments demonstrate that high-intensity intermittent exercise can increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, thus promoting angiogenesis. In vivo, lactate receptor-hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activation can occur by various stimuli, including variations in ion concentrations, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level elevations, and fluctuations in the availability of energy substrates. While several articles have been published on the benefits of physical activity on developing Alzheimer's disease in the CNS, could lactic acid act as a bridge? Understanding how HCAR1 responds to these signals and initiates associated pathways remains incomplete. This review comprehensively analyzes lactate-induced signaling pathways, investigating their influence on neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Consequently, this study describes the unique role of lactate in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Meng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Weijia Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Yingzhe Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Mei Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Jialun Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Shunling Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Zelin Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Han S, Jiang B, Ren J, Gao F, Wen J, Zhou T, Wang L, Wei X. Impaired Lactate Release in Dorsal CA1 Astrocytes Contributed to Nociceptive Sensitization and Comorbid Memory Deficits in Rodents. Anesthesiology 2024; 140:538-557. [PMID: 37651459 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory deficits are a common comorbid disorder in patients suffering from neuropathic pain. The mechanisms underlying the comorbidities remain elusive. The hypothesis of this study was that impaired lactate release from dysfunctional astrocytes in dorsal hippocampal CA1 contributed to memory deficits. METHODS A spared nerve injury model was established to induce both pain and memory deficits in rats and mice of both sexes. von Frey tests, novel object recognition, and conditioned place preference tests were applied to evaluate the behaviors. Whole-cell recording, fiber photometry, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry combined with intracranial injections were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Animals with spared sciatic nerve injury that had displayed nociception sensitization or memory deficit comorbidities demonstrated a reduction in the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal neurons, accompanied by reduced Ca2+ activation in astrocytes (ΔF/F, sham: 6 ± 2%; comorbidity: 2 ± 0.4%) and a decrease in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and lactate levels in the dorsal CA1. Exogenous lactate supply or increasing endogenous lactate release by chemogenetic activation of astrocytes alleviated this comorbidity by enhancing the cell excitability (129 ± 4 vs. 88 ± 10 for 3.5 mM lactate) and potentiating N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials of pyramidal neurons. In contrast, inhibition of lactate synthesis, blocking lactate transporters, or chemogenetic inhibition of astrocytes resulted in comorbidity-like behaviors in naive animals. Notably, β2-adrenergic receptors in astrocytes but not neurons were downregulated in dorsal CA1 after spared nerve injury. Microinjection of a β2 receptor agonist into dorsal CA1 or activation of the noradrenergic projections onto the hippocampus from the locus coeruleus alleviated the comorbidity, possibly by increasing lactate release. CONCLUSIONS Impaired lactate release from dysfunctional astrocytes, which could be rescued by activation of the locus coeruleus, led to nociception and memory deficits after peripheral nerve injury. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjian Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taihe Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Laijian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Yang C, Pan RY, Guan F, Yuan Z. Lactate metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:69-74. [PMID: 37488846 PMCID: PMC10479854 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate, a byproduct of glycolysis, was thought to be a metabolic waste until the discovery of the Warburg effect. Lactate not only functions as a metabolic substrate to provide energy but can also function as a signaling molecule to modulate cellular functions under pathophysiological conditions. The Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle has clarified that lactate plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system. Moreover, protein lactylation highlights the novel role of lactate in regulating transcription, cellular functions, and disease development. This review summarizes the recent advances in lactate metabolism and its role in neurodegenerative diseases, thus providing optimal perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoguang Yang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui-Yuan Pan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Yin J, Cheng L, Hong Y, Li Z, Li C, Ban X, Zhu L, Gu Z. A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Glycemic Carbohydrates on the Neurocognitive Functions Based on Gut Microenvironment Regulation and Glycemic Fluctuation Control. Nutrients 2023; 15:5080. [PMID: 38140339 PMCID: PMC10745758 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Improper glycemic carbohydrates (GCs) consumption can be a potential risk factor for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, which may lead to cognitive impairment. Although several potential mechanisms have been studied, the biological relationship between carbohydrate consumption and neurocognitive impairment is still uncertain. In this review, the main effects and mechanisms of GCs' digestive characteristics on cognitive functions are comprehensively elucidated. Additionally, healthier carbohydrate selection, a reliable research model, and future directions are discussed. Individuals in their early and late lives and patients with metabolic diseases are highly susceptible to dietary-induced cognitive impairment. It is well known that gut function is closely related to dietary patterns. Unhealthy carbohydrate diet-induced gut microenvironment disorders negatively impact cognitive functions through the gut-brain axis. Moreover, severe glycemic fluctuations, due to rapidly digestible carbohydrate consumption or metabolic diseases, can impair neurocognitive functions by disrupting glucose metabolism, dysregulating calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and accumulating advanced glycation end products. Unstable glycemic status can lead to more severe neurological impairment than persistent hyperglycemia. Slow-digested or resistant carbohydrates might contribute to better neurocognitive functions due to stable glycemic response and healthier gut functions than fully gelatinized starch and nutritive sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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19
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Tian Q, Li J, Wu B, Wang J, Xiao Q, Tian N, Yi L, Luo M, Li Z, Pang Y, Shi X, Dong Z. Hypoxia-sensing VGLL4 promotes LDHA-driven lactate production to ameliorate neuronal dysfunction in a cellular model relevant to Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23290. [PMID: 37921465 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301173rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease where abnormal amyloidogenic processing of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) occurs and has been linked to neuronal dysfunction. Hypometabolism of glucose in the brain can lead to synaptic loss and neuronal death, which in turn exacerbates energy deficiency and amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation. Lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis serves as an energy substrate supporting neuronal function and facilitating neuronal repair. Vestigial-like family member 4 (VGLL4) has been recognized as a key regulator of the hypoxia-sensing pathway. However, the role of VGLL4 in AD remains unexplored. Here, we reported that the expression of VGLL4 protein was significantly decreased in the brain tissue of AD model mice and AD model cells. We further found that overexpression of VGLL4 reduced APP amyloidogenic processing and ameliorated neuronal synaptic damage. Notably, we identified a compromised hypoxia-sensitive capability of LDHA regulated by VGLL4 in the context of AD. Upregulation of VGLL4 increased the response of LDHA to hypoxia and enhanced the expression levels of LDHA and lactate by inhibiting the ubiquitination and degradation of LDHA. Furthermore, the inhibition of lactate production by using sodium oxamate, an inhibitor of LDHA, suppressed the neuroprotective function of VGLL4 by increasing APP amyloidogenic processing. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that VGLL4 exerts a neuroprotective effect by upregulating LDHA expression and consequently promoting lactate production. Thus, this study suggests that VGLL4 may be a novel player involved in molecular mechanisms relevant for ameliorating neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Tian
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Tian
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lilin Yi
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Man Luo
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaolun Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yayan Pang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuyu Shi
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Câmara BO, Guimarães JG, Pereira Junior ML. Analog neuromorphic circuit for spontaneous Ca 2+ oscillations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20107. [PMID: 37973824 PMCID: PMC10654768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes an innovative analog neuromorphic circuit design to mimic spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations observed in astrocytes. Unlike traditional models, this approach does not rely on synaptic stimulation, suggesting that astrocytes may play a key role in generating neuronal activity. The circuit is built using transistor differential pairs to approximate the nonlinear sigmoidal biological functions, and its performance is validated through simulation and compared against mathematical models using phase diagram analysis. Results indicate a good fit between the circuit and the mathematical model. Finally, the circuit's ability to simulate the release of glutamate and ATP through spontaneous oscillations is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz O Câmara
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Janaina G Guimarães
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Control Engineering, Automation and Computer Science, 89036-256, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Pereira Junior
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil.
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21
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Cha H, Choi JH, Jeon H, Kim JH, Kim M, Kim SJ, Park W, Lim JS, Lee E, Ahn JS, Kim JH, Hong SH, Park JE, Jung JH, Yoo HJ, Lee S. Aquaporin-4 Deficiency is Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Alterations in astrocyte-neuron Lactate Shuttle. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6212-6226. [PMID: 37436602 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment refers to notable declines in cognitive abilities including memory, language, and emotional stability leading to the inability to accomplish essential activities of daily living. Astrocytes play an important role in cognitive function, and homeostasis of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) system is essential for maintaining cognitive functions. Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) is a water channel expressed in astrocytes and has been shown to be associated with various brain disorders, but the direct relationship between learning, memory, and AQP-4 is unclear. We examined the relationship between AQP-4 and cognitive functions related to learning and memory. Mice with genetic deletion of AQP-4 showed significant behavioral and emotional changes including hyperactivity and instability, and impaired cognitive functions such as spatial learning and memory retention. 18 F-FDG PET imaging showed significant metabolic changes in the brains of AQP-4 knockout mice such as reductions in glucose absorption. Such metabolic changes in the brain seemed to be the direct results of changes in the expression of metabolite transporters, as the mRNA levels of multiple glucose and lactate transporters in astrocytes and neurons were significantly decreased in the cortex and hippocampus of AQP-4 knockout mice. Indeed, AQP-4 knockout mice showed significantly higher accumulation of both glucose and lactate in their brains compared with wild-type mice. Our results show that the deficiency of AQP-4 can cause problems in the metabolic function of astrocytes and lead to cognitive impairment, and that the deficiency of AQP4 in astrocyte endfeet can cause abnormalities in the ANLS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeuk Cha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanwool Jeon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Moinay Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyoung Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seo Lim
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyeup Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ahn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ho Hong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuroradiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Jung
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoo Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Li Y, Wang Z, Li J, Yu Y, Wang Y, Jin X, Dong Y, Liu Q, Duan X, Yan N. Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Fluorosis-Induced Neurotoxicity by Regulating Hippocampal Glycolysis In Vivo. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5230-5241. [PMID: 36710293 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis can induce neurotoxicity. Sodium butyrate (SB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has important research potential in correcting glucose metabolism disorders and is widely used in a variety of neurological diseases and metabolic diseases, but it is not yet known whether it plays a role in combating fluoride-induced neurotoxicity. This study aims to evaluate the effect of SB on fluoride neurotoxicity and the possible associated mechanisms. The results of HE staining and Morris water maze showed that, in mice exposed to 100 mg/L fluoride for 3 months, the hippocampal cells arranged in loosely with large cell gaps and diminished in number. One thousand milligram per kilogram per day SB treatment improved fluoride-induced neuronal cell damage and spatial learning memory impairment. Western blot results showed that the abundance of malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in the hippocampus of fluorosis mice was increased, the abundance of pyruvate kinase M (PKM), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated Akt (P-AKT), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was inhibited, and the content of lactate and ATP was decreased. SB treatment reversed the decreased glycolysis in the hippocampus of fluorosis mice. These results suggested that SB could ameliorate fluorosis-induced neurotoxicity, which might be linked with its function in regulating glycolysis as well as inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway. Sodium butyrate ameliorates fluorosis-induced neurotoxicity by regulating hippocampal glycolysis in vivo (created with MedPeer (www.medpeer.cn)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| | - Nan Yan
- School of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China.
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23
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Chen Y, Joo J, Chu JMT, Chang RCC, Wong GTC. Downregulation of the glucose transporter GLUT 1 in the cerebral microvasculature contributes to postoperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:237. [PMID: 37858199 PMCID: PMC10588063 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is essential for glucose transport into the brain and is predominantly expressed in the cerebral microvasculature. Downregulation of GLUT1 precedes the development of cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative conditions. Surgical trauma induces blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuroinflammation, neuronal mitochondria dysfunction, and acute cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that surgery reduces the expression of GLUT1 in the BBB that in turn disrupts its integrity and contributes to metabolic dysregulation in the brain that culminates in postoperative cognitive impairment. METHODOLOGY Using an abdominal surgery model in aged WT mice, we assessed the perioperative changes in cognitive performance, tight junction proteins expression, GLUT1 expression, and the associated metabolic effects in the hippocampus. Thereafter, we evaluated the effects of these parameters in aged mice with conditional overexpression of GLUT1, and then again in aged mice with conditional overexpression of GLUT1 with or without prior exposure to the GLUT1 inhibitor ST-31. RESULTS We showed a significant decline in cognitive performance, along with GLUT1 reduction and diminished glucose metabolism, especially in the ATP level in the postoperative mice compared with controls. Overexpression of GLUT1 expression alleviated postoperative cognitive decline and improved metabolic profiles, especially in adenosine, but did not directly restore ATP generation to control levels. GLUT1 inhibition ameliorated the postoperative beneficial effects of GLUT1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Surgery-induced GLUT1 reduction significantly contributes to postoperative cognitive deficits in aged mice by affecting glucose metabolism in the brain. It indicates the potential of targeting GLUT1 to ameliorate perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room K424, 4Th Floor, K Block, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, L4-49, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Joo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room K424, 4Th Floor, K Block, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - John Man-Tak Chu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room K424, 4Th Floor, K Block, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, L4-49, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Gordon Tin-Chun Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room K424, 4Th Floor, K Block, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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24
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Zhang YM, Qi YB, Gao YN, Chen WG, Zhou T, Zang Y, Li J. Astrocyte metabolism and signaling pathways in the CNS. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1217451. [PMID: 37732313 PMCID: PMC10507181 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1217451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes comprise half of the cells in the central nervous system and play a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic dysfunction in astrocytes has been indicated as the primary cause of neurological diseases, such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. Although the metabolic functionalities of astrocytes are well known, their relationship to neurological disorders is poorly understood. The ways in which astrocytes regulate the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids have all been implicated in neurological diseases. Metabolism in astrocytes has also exhibited a significant influence on neuron functionality and the brain's neuro-network. In this review, we focused on metabolic processes present in astrocytes, most notably the glucose metabolic pathway, the fatty acid metabolic pathway, and the amino-acid metabolic pathway. For glucose metabolism, we focused on the glycolysis pathway, pentose-phosphate pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation pathway. In fatty acid metabolism, we followed fatty acid oxidation, ketone body metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. For amino acid metabolism, we summarized neurotransmitter metabolism and the serine and kynurenine metabolic pathways. This review will provide an overview of functional changes in astrocyte metabolism and provide an overall perspective of current treatment and therapy for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-mei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-bei Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-nan Gao
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-gang Chen
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Mrad Y, El Jammal R, Hajjar H, Alturk S, Salah H, Chehade HD, Dandash F, Mallah Z, Kobeissy F, Habib A, Hamade E, Obeid M. Lestaurtinib (CEP-701) reduces the duration of limbic status epilepticus in periadolescent rats. Epilepsy Res 2023; 195:107198. [PMID: 37467703 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timely abortion of status epilepticus (SE) is essential to avoid brain damage and long-term neurodevelopmental sequalae. However, available anti-seizure treatments fail to abort SE in 30% of children. Given the role of the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor in hyperexcitability, we investigated if TrkB blockade with lestaurtinib (CEP-701) enhances the response of SE to a standard treatment protocol and reduces SE-related brain injury. METHODS SE was induced with intra-amygdalar kainic acid in postnatal day 45 rats under continuous electroencephalogram (EEG). Fifteen min post-SE onset, rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) CEP-701 (KCEP group) or its vehicle (KV group). Controls received CEP-701 or its vehicle following intra-amygdalar saline. All groups received two i.p. doses of diazepam, followed by i.p. levetiracetam at 15 min intervals post-SE onset. Hippocampal TrkB dimer to monomer ratios were assessed by immunoblot 24 hr post-SE, along with neuronal densities and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) levels. RESULTS SE duration was 50% shorter in the KCEP group compared to KV (p < 0.05). Compared to controls, SE induced a 1.5-fold increase in TrkB dimerization in KV rats (p < 0.05), but not in KCEP rats which were comparable to controls (p > 0.05). The KCEP group had lower GFAP levels than KV (p < 0.05), and both were higher than controls (p < 0.05). KCEP and KV rats had comparable hippocampal neuronal densities (p > 0.05), and both were lower than controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Given its established human safety, CEP-701 is a promising adjuvant drug for the timely abortion of SE and the attenuation of SE-related brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Mrad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Reem El Jammal
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Helene Hajjar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sana Alturk
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Houssein Salah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba-Douja Chehade
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Fatima Dandash
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa Mallah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Makram Obeid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Shang H, Li P, Lin X, Cai Q, Li Z, Deng L, Song Y, Chen JF, Zhou J. Neuronal and astrocytic CB1R signaling differentially modulates goal-directed behavior and working memory by distinct temporal mechanisms. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1520-1531. [PMID: 36694040 PMCID: PMC10425374 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Several cognitive processes, including instrumental behavior and working memory, are controlled by endocannabinoids acting on cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in the brain through retrograde and presynaptic inhibition of GABA or glutamate release. However, the temporal mechanisms underlying the control of these cognitive processes by CB1Rs remain largely unknown. Here, we have developed a light-sensitive CB1R chimera (optoCB1R) by replacing the intracellular domains of bovine rhodopsin with those of human CB1R. We demonstrated that light stimulation of optoCB1R triggered canonical CB1R signaling by inhibiting cAMP (but not cGMP or IP1) signaling and activating the MAPK pathway in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, light stimulation of optoCB1R in corticostriatal glutamatergic neurons could temporally inhibit excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) at the level of seconds. Importantly, transient (3 s) and "time-locked", but not random, activation of optoCB1R signaling in corticostriatal neurons at the time of reward affected animal sensitivity to outcome devaluation and inhibited goal-directed behavior. However, prolonged (~30 min) but not transient (10 or 30 s) activation of astrocytic CB1R signaling in the hippocampus impaired working memory. Consequently, neuronal and astrocytic CB1R signaling differentially regulate working memory and goal-directed behavior through distinct temporal and cellular mechanisms. Ultimately, the pharmacological blockade of adenosine A2AR improved the neuronal and astrocytic CB1R-induced impairments in goal-directed behavior and working memory, possibly through modulation of EPSCs and c-Fos, respectively. Therefore, A2AR may represent a promising target for managing cognitive dysfunction resulting from the use of CB1R drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Lin
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qionghui Cai
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Song
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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27
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Ramires Júnior OV, Silveira JS, Dos Santos TM, Ferreira FS, Vizuete AFK, Gonçalves CA, Wyse ATS. Homocysteine May Decrease Glucose Uptake and Alter the Akt/GSK3β/GLUT1 Signaling Pathway in Hippocampal Slices: Neuroprotective Effects of Rivastigmine and Ibuprofen. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5468-5481. [PMID: 37314655 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease, and is related to cellular and tissue damage. In the present study, we verified the effect of Hcy on neurochemical parameters (redox homeostasis, neuronal excitability, glucose, and lactate levels) and the Serine/Threonine kinase B (Akt), Glucose synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) signaling pathway in hippocampal slices, as well as the neuroprotective effects of ibuprofen and rivastigmine alone or in combination in such effects. Male Wistar rats (90 days old) were euthanized and the brains were dissected. The hippocampus slices were pre-treated for 30 min [saline medium or Hcy (30 µM)], then the other treatments were added to the medium for another 30 min [ibuprofen, rivastigmine, or ibuprofen + rivastigmine]. The dichlorofluorescein formed, nitrite and Na+, K+-ATPase activity was increased by Hcy at 30 µM. Ibuprofen reduced dichlorofluorescein formation and attenuated the effect of Hcy. The reduced glutathione content was reduced by Hcy. Treatments with ibuprofen and Hcy + ibuprofen increased reduced glutathione. Hcy at 30 µM caused a decrease in hippocampal glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression, and an increase in Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-protein expression. Phosphorylated GSK3β and Akt levels were reduced by Hcy (30 µM) and co-treatment with Hcy + rivastigmine + ibuprofen reversed these effects. Hcy toxicity on glucose metabolism can promote neurological damage. The combination of treatment with rivastigmine + ibuprofen attenuated such effects, probably by regulating the Akt/GSK3β/GLUT1 signaling pathway. Reversal of Hcy cellular damage by these compounds may be a potential neuroprotective strategy for brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar Vieira Ramires Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fernanda K Vizuete
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Proteínas Ligantes de Cálcio no SNC, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Proteínas Ligantes de Cálcio no SNC, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases (Wyse´s Lab), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil.
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Suthard RL, Senne RA, Buzharsky MD, Pyo AY, Dorst KE, Diep AH, Cole RH, Ramirez S. Basolateral Amygdala Astrocytes Are Engaged by the Acquisition and Expression of a Contextual Fear Memory. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4997-5013. [PMID: 37268419 PMCID: PMC10324998 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1775-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are key cellular regulators within the brain. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is implicated in fear memory processing, yet most research has entirely focused on neuronal mechanisms, despite a significant body of work implicating astrocytes in learning and memory. In the present study, we used in vivo fiber photometry in C57BL/6J male mice to record from amygdalar astrocytes across fear learning, recall, and three separate periods of extinction. We found that BLA astrocytes robustly responded to foot shock during acquisition, their activity remained remarkably elevated across days in comparison to unshocked control animals, and their increased activity persisted throughout extinction. Further, we found that astrocytes responded to the initiation and termination of freezing bouts during contextual fear conditioning and recall, and this behavior-locked pattern of activity did not persist throughout the extinction sessions. Importantly, astrocytes do not display these changes while exploring a novel context, suggesting that these observations are specific to the original fear-associated environment. Chemogenetic inhibition of fear ensembles in the BLA did not affect freezing behavior or astrocytic calcium dynamics. Overall, our work presents a real-time role for amygdalar astrocytes in fear processing and provides new insight into the emerging role of these cells in cognition and behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that basolateral amygdala astrocytes are robustly responsive to negative experiences, like shock, and display changed calcium activity patterns through fear learning and memory. Additionally, astrocytic calcium responses become time locked to the initiation and termination of freezing behavior during fear learning and recall. We find that astrocytes display calcium dynamics unique to a fear-conditioned context, and chemogenetic inhibition of BLA fear ensembles does not have an impact on freezing behavior or calcium dynamics. These findings show that astrocytes play a key real-time role in fear learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Suthard
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Ryan A Senne
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Michelle D Buzharsky
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Angela Y Pyo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Kaitlyn E Dorst
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Anh H Diep
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Rebecca H Cole
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Steve Ramirez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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29
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Spalloni A, de Stefano S, Gimenez J, Greco V, Mercuri NB, Chiurchiù V, Longone P. The Ying and Yang of Hydrogen Sulfide as a Paracrine/Autocrine Agent in Neurodegeneration: Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:1691. [PMID: 37443723 PMCID: PMC10341301 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since its presence was reported in the brain, the nature and role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the Central Nervous System (CNS) have changed. Consequently, H2S has been elected as the third gas transmitter, along with carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, and a number of studies have focused on its neuromodulatory and protectant functions in physiological conditions. The research on H2S has highlighted its many facets in the periphery and in the CNS, and its role as a double-faced compound, switching from protective to toxic depending on its concentration. In this review, we will focus on the bell-shaped nature of H2S as an angiogenic factor and as a molecule released by glial cells (mainly astrocytes) and non-neuronal cells acting on the surrounding environment (paracrine) or on the releasing cells themselves (autocrine). Finally, we will discuss its role in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a paradigm of a neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Spalloni
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.d.S.); (J.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Susanna de Stefano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.d.S.); (J.G.); (P.L.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Juliette Gimenez
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.d.S.); (J.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Longone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.d.S.); (J.G.); (P.L.)
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30
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Garcia CP, Licht-Murava A, Orr AG. Effects of adenosine A 2A receptors on cognitive function in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:121-154. [PMID: 37741689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors have been studied extensively in the context of motor function and movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. In addition to these roles, A2A receptors have also been increasingly implicated in cognitive function and cognitive impairments in diverse conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, acute brain injury, and stress. We review the roles of A2A receptors in cognitive processes in health and disease, focusing primarily on the effects of reducing or enhancing A2A expression levels or activities in animal models. Studies reveal that A2A receptors in neurons and astrocytes modulate multiple aspects of cognitive function, including memory and motivation. Converging evidence also indicates that A2A receptor levels and activities are aberrantly increased in aging, acute brain injury, and chronic disorders, and these increases contribute to neurocognitive impairments. Therapeutically targeting A2A receptors with selective modulators may alleviate cognitive deficits in diverse neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. Further research on the exact neural mechanisms of these effects as well as the efficacy of selective A2A modulators on cognitive alterations in humans are important areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia P Garcia
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Avital Licht-Murava
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna G Orr
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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31
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Schiera G, Cancemi P, Di Liegro CM, Naselli F, Volpes S, Cruciata I, Cardinale PS, Vaglica F, Calligaris M, Carreca AP, Chiarelli R, Scilabra SD, Leone O, Caradonna F, Di Liegro I. An In Vitro Model of Glioma Development. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14050990. [PMID: 37239349 DOI: 10.3390/genes14050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the prevalent forms of brain cancer and derive from glial cells. Among them, astrocytomas are the most frequent. Astrocytes are fundamental for most brain functions, as they contribute to neuronal metabolism and neurotransmission. When they acquire cancer properties, their functions are altered, and, in addition, they start invading the brain parenchyma. Thus, a better knowledge of transformed astrocyte molecular properties is essential. With this aim, we previously developed rat astrocyte clones with increasing cancer properties. In this study, we used proteomic analysis to compare the most transformed clone (A-FC6) with normal primary astrocytes. We found that 154 proteins are downregulated and 101 upregulated in the clone. Moreover, 46 proteins are only expressed in the clone and 82 only in the normal cells. Notably, only 11 upregulated/unique proteins are encoded in the duplicated q arm of isochromosome 8 (i(8q)), which cytogenetically characterizes the clone. Since both normal and transformed brain cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which might induce epigenetic modifications in the neighboring cells, we also compared EVs released from transformed and normal astrocytes. Interestingly, we found that the clone releases EVs containing proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), that can modify the extracellular matrix, thus allowing invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cancemi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flores Naselli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Volpes
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Sofia Cardinale
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabiola Vaglica
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Calligaris
- Proteomics Group, Department of Research, ISMETT-IRCCS, Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Carreca
- Proteomics Group, Department of Research, ISMETT-IRCCS, Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiarelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Dario Scilabra
- Proteomics Group, Department of Research, ISMETT-IRCCS, Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Olga Leone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palerm, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palerm, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Zorec R, Vardjan N. Adrenergic regulation of astroglial aerobic glycolysis and lipid metabolism: Towards a noradrenergic hypothesis of neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106132. [PMID: 37094775 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a key factor in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, an increasing and challenging problem of the modern world. The most commonly diagnosed cognitive decline is related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), the pathophysiology of which is poorly understood. Several hypotheses have been proposed. The cholinergic hypothesis is the oldest, however, recently the noradrenergic system has been considered to have a role as well. The aim of this review is to provide evidence that supports the view that an impaired noradrenergic system is causally linked to AD. Although dementia is associated with neurodegeneration and loss of neurons, this likely develops due to a primary failure of homeostatic cells, astrocytes, abundant and heterogeneous neuroglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The many functions that astrocytes provide to maintain the viability of neural networks include the control of ionic balance, neurotransmitter turnover, synaptic connectivity and energy balance. This latter function is regulated by noradrenaline, released from the axon varicosities of neurons arising from the locus coeruleus (LC), the primary site of noradrenaline release in the CNS. The demise of the LC is linked to AD, whereby a hypometabolic CNS state is observed clinically. This is likely due to impaired release of noradrenaline in the AD brain during states of arousal, attention and awareness. These functions controlled by the LC are needed for learning and memory formation and require activation of the energy metabolism. In this review, we address first the process of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, highlighting the function of astrocytes. Cholinergic and/or noradrenergic deficits lead to impaired astroglial function. Then, we focus on adrenergic control of astroglial aerobic glycolysis and lipid droplet metabolism, which play a protective role but also promote neurodegeneration under some circumstances, supporting the noradrenergic hypothesis of cognitive decline. We conclude that targeting astroglial metabolism, glycolysis and/or mitochondrial processes may lead to important new developments in the future when searching for medicines to prevent or even halt cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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33
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Dion-Albert L, Dudek KA, Russo SJ, Campbell M, Menard C. Neurovascular adaptations modulating cognition, mood, and stress responses. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:276-292. [PMID: 36805768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a dynamic center for substance exchange between the blood and the brain, making it an essential gatekeeper for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Recent evidence supports a role for the NVU in modulating brain function and cognition. In addition, alterations in NVU processes are observed in response to stress, although the mechanisms via which they can affect mood and cognitive functions remain elusive. Here, we summarize recent studies of neurovascular regulation of emotional processes and cognitive function, including under stressful conditions. We also highlight relevant RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) databases aiming to profile the NVU along with innovative tools to study and manipulate NVU function that can be exploited in the context of cognition and stress research throughout development, aging, or brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Katarzyna A Dudek
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Scott J Russo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Center for Affective Neuroscience, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place Gate, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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34
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Khaspekov LG, Frumkina LE. Molecular Mechanisms of Astrocyte Involvement in Synaptogenesis and Brain Synaptic Plasticity. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:502-514. [PMID: 37080936 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes perform a wide range of important functions in the brain. As structural and functional components of synapses, astrocytes secrete various factors (proteins, lipids, small molecules, etc.) that bind to neuronal receptor and contribute to synaptogenesis and regulation of synaptic contacts. Astrocytic factors play a key role in the formation of neural networks undergoing short- and long-term synaptic morphological and functional rearrangements essential in the memory formation and behavior. The review summarizes the data on the molecular mechanisms mediating the involvement of astrocyte-secreted factors in synaptogenesis in the brain and provides up-to-date information on the role of astrocytes and astrocytic synaptogenic factors in the long-term plastic rearrangements of synaptic contacts.
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35
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St-Pierre MK, Carrier M, González Ibáñez F, Khakpour M, Wallman MJ, Parent M, Tremblay MÈ. Astrocytes display ultrastructural alterations and heterogeneity in the hippocampus of aged APP-PS1 mice and human post-mortem brain samples. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:73. [PMID: 36918925 PMCID: PMC10015698 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed increasing evidence for a crucial role played by glial cells, notably astrocytes, in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To provide novel insights into the roles of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of AD, we performed a quantitative ultrastructural characterization of their intracellular contents and parenchymal interactions in an aged mouse model of AD pathology, as aging is considered the main risk factor for developing AD. We compared 20-month-old APP-PS1 and age-matched C57BL/6J male mice, among the ventral hippocampus CA1 strata lacunosum-moleculare and radiatum, two hippocampal layers severely affected by AD pathology. Astrocytes in both layers interacted more with synaptic elements and displayed more ultrastructural markers of increased phagolysosomal activity in APP-PS1 versus C57BL6/J mice. In addition, we investigated the ultrastructural heterogeneity of astrocytes, describing in the two examined layers a dark astrocytic state that we characterized in terms of distribution, interactions with AD hallmarks, and intracellular contents. This electron-dense astrocytic state, termed dark astrocytes, was observed throughout the hippocampal parenchyma, closely associated with the vasculature, and possessed several ultrastructural markers of cellular stress. A case study exploring the hippocampal head of an aged human post-mortem brain sample also revealed the presence of a similar electron-dense, dark astrocytic state. Overall, our study provides the first ultrastructural quantitative analysis of astrocytes among the hippocampus in aged AD pathology, as well as a thorough characterization of a dark astrocytic state conserved from mouse to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Kim St-Pierre
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Départment de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Fernando González Ibáñez
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Départment de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Mohammadparsa Khakpour
- Division of Medical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Wallman
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Parent
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Départment de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Division of Medical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. .,Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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36
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Astrocytes in memory formation and maintenance. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:107-117. [PMID: 36148596 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory are fundamental but highly complex functions of the brain. They rely on multiple mechanisms including the processing of sensory information, memory formation, maintenance of short- and long-term memory, memory retrieval and memory extinction. Recent experiments provide strong evidence that, besides neurons, astrocytes crucially contribute to these higher brain functions. However, the complex interplay of astrocytes and neurons in local neuron-glia assemblies is far from being understood. Although important basic cellular principles that govern and link neuronal and astrocytic cellular functions have been established, additional mechanisms clearly continue to emerge. In this short essay, we first review current technologies allowing the experimenter to explore the role of astrocytes in behaving animals, with focus on spatial memory. We then discuss astrocytic signaling mechanisms and their role in learning and memory. We also reveal gaps in our knowledge that currently prevent a comprehensive understanding of how astrocytes contribute to acquisition, storage and retrieval of memory by modulating neuronal signaling in local circuits.
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Loss of brain energy metabolism control as a driver for memory impairment upon insulin resistance. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:287-301. [PMID: 36606696 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms intersecting metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders include insulin resistance, which has a strong involvement of environmental factors. Besides central regulation of whole-body homeostasis, insulin in the central nervous system controls molecular signalling that is critical for cognitive performance, namely signalling through pathways that modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, and metabolism in neurons and astrocytes. This review provides an overview on how insulin signalling in the brain might regulate brain energy metabolism, and further identified molecular mechanisms by which brain insulin resistance might impair synaptic fuelling, and lead to cognitive deterioration.
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Yoon JH, Hwang J, Son SU, Choi J, You SW, Park H, Cha SY, Maeng S. How Can Insulin Resistance Cause Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043506. [PMID: 36834911 PMCID: PMC9966425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline. Despite worldwide efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and the only effective countermeasure is to prevent the disease progression by early diagnosis. The reason why new drug candidates fail to show therapeutic effects in clinical studies may be due to misunderstanding the cause of AD. Regarding the cause of AD, the most widely known is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in which the deposition of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau is the cause. However, many new hypotheses were suggested. Among them, based on preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a connection between AD and diabetes, insulin resistance has been pointed out as an important factor in the development of AD. Therefore, by reviewing the pathophysiological background of brain metabolic insufficiency and insulin insufficiency leading to AD pathology, we will discuss how can insulin resistance cause AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - JooHyun Hwang
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Un Son
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Choi
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won You
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Health Park Co., Ltd., Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Cha
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
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Shen Z, Li ZY, Yu MT, Tan KL, Chen S. Metabolic perspective of astrocyte dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes brains. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114206. [PMID: 36916433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term type III diabetes (T3DM) has been proposed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the shared molecular and cellular features between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and insulin resistance-associated memory deficits and cognitive decline in elderly individuals. Astrocytes elicit neuroprotective or deleterious effects in AD progression and severity. Patients with T2DM are at a high risk of cognitive impairment, and targeting astrocytes might be promising in alleviating neurodegeneration in the diabetic brain. Recent studies focusing on cell-specific activities in the brain have revealed the important role of astrocytes in brain metabolism (e.g., glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism), neurovascular coupling, synapses, and synaptic plasticity. In this review, we discuss how astrocytes and their dysfunction result in multiple pathological and clinical features of AD and T2DM from a metabolic perspective and the potential comorbid mechanism in these two diseases from the perspective of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Shen
- Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Li
- Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China
| | - Meng-Ting Yu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China
| | - Kai-Leng Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Si Chen
- Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China.
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40
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E G, Sun B, Liu B, Xu G, He S, Wang Y, Feng L, Wei H, Zhang J, Chen J, Gao Y, Zhang E. Enhanced BPGM/2,3-DPG pathway activity suppresses glycolysis in hypoxic astrocytes via FIH-1 and TET2. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:36-46. [PMID: 36334804 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) is expressed in human erythrocytes and responsible for the production of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). However, the expression and role of BPGM in other cells have not been reported. In this work, we found that BPGM was significantly upregulated in astrocytes upon acute hypoxia, and the role of this phenomenon will be clarified in the following report. METHODS The mRNA and protein expression levels of BPGM and the content of 2,3-DPG with hypoxia treatment were determined in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, glycolysis was evaluated upon in hypoxic astrocytes with BPGM knockdown and in normoxic astrocytes with BPGM overexpression or 2,3-DPG treatment. To investigate the mechanism by which BPGM/2,3-DPG regulated glycolysis in hypoxic astrocytes, we detected the expression of HIF-1α, FIH-1 and TET2 with silencing or overexpression of BPGM and 2,3-DPG treatment. RESULTS The expression of glycolytic genes and the capacity of lactate markedly increased with 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h 1 % O2 hypoxic treatment in astrocytes. The expression of BPGM was upregulated, and the production of 2,3-DPG was accelerated upon hypoxia. Moreover, when BPGM expression was knocked down, glycolysis was promoted in HEB cells. However, overexpression of BPGM and addition of 2,3-DPG to the cellular medium in normoxic cells could downregulate glycolytic genes. Furthermore, HIF-1α and TET2 exhibited higher expression levels and FIH-1 showed a lower expression level upon BPGM silencing, while these changes were reversed under BPGM overexpression and 2,3-DPG treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that the BPGM/2,3-DPG pathway presented a suppressive effect on glycolysis in hypoxic astrocytes by negatively regulating HIF-1α and TET2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoji E
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Binda Sun
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bao Liu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shu He
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lan Feng
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hannan Wei
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianyang Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Erlong Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
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Bigbee JW. Cells of the Central Nervous System: An Overview of Their Structure and Function. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:41-64. [PMID: 36255671 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system is the last major organ system in the vertebrate body to yield its cellular structure, due to the complexity of its cells and their interactions. The fundamental unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which forms complex circuits that receive and integrate information and generate adaptive responses. Each neuron is composed of an input domain consisting of multiple dendrites along with the cell body, which is also responsible for the majority of macromolecule synthesis for the cell. The output domain is the axon which is a singular extension from the cell body that propagates the action potential to the synapse, where signals pass from one neuron to another. Facilitating these functions are cohorts of supporting cells consisting of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia along with NG2 cells and ependymal cells. Astrocytes have a dazzling array of functions including physical support, maintenance of homeostasis, development and integration of synaptic activity. Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath which surrounds axons and enables rapid conduction of the nerve impulse. Microglia are the resident immune cells, providing immune surveillance and remodeling of neuronal circuits during development and trauma. All these cells function in concert with each other, producing the remarkably diverse functions of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Bigbee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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42
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He DL, Fan YG, Wang ZY. Energy Crisis Links to Autophagy and Ferroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Current Evidence and Future Avenues. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:67-86. [PMID: 35980072 PMCID: PMC10193753 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220817140737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. The occult nature of the onset and the uncertainty of the etiology largely impede the development of therapeutic strategies for AD. Previous studies revealed that the disorder of energy metabolism in the brains of AD patients appears far earlier than the typical pathological features of AD, suggesting a tight association between energy crisis and the onset of AD. Energy crisis in the brain is known to be induced by the reductions in glucose uptake and utilization, which may be ascribed to the diminished expressions of cerebral glucose transporters (GLUTs), insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and lactate dysmetabolism. Notably, the energy sensors such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR), transcription factor EB (TFEB), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were shown to be the critical regulators of autophagy, which play important roles in regulating beta-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, iron dynamics, as well as ferroptosis. In this study, we summarized the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in the energy dysmetabolism of AD and discussed the interplays existing between energy crisis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. In addition, we highlighted the potential network in which autophagy may serve as a bridge between energy crisis and ferroptosis in the progression of AD. A deeper understanding of the relationship between energy dysmetabolism and AD may provide new insight into developing strategies for treating AD; meanwhile, the energy crisis in the progression of AD should gain more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Long He
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
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Dembitskaya Y, Piette C, Perez S, Berry H, Magistretti PJ, Venance L. Lactate supply overtakes glucose when neural computational and cognitive loads scale up. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212004119. [PMID: 36375086 PMCID: PMC9704697 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212004119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural computational power is determined by neuroenergetics, but how and which energy substrates are allocated to various forms of memory engram is unclear. To solve this question, we asked whether neuronal fueling by glucose or lactate scales differently upon increasing neural computation and cognitive loads. Here, using electrophysiology, two-photon imaging, cognitive tasks, and mathematical modeling, we show that both glucose and lactate are involved in engram formation, with lactate supporting long-term synaptic plasticity evoked by high-stimulation load activity patterns and high attentional load in cognitive tasks and glucose being sufficient for less demanding neural computation and learning tasks. Indeed, we show that lactate is mandatory for demanding neural computation, such as theta-burst stimulation, while glucose is sufficient for lighter forms of activity-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP), such as spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). We find that subtle variations of spike number or frequency in STDP are sufficient to shift the on-demand fueling from glucose to lactate. Finally, we demonstrate that lactate is necessary for a cognitive task requiring high attentional load, such as the object-in-place task, and for the corresponding in vivo hippocampal LTP expression but is not needed for a less demanding task, such as a simple novel object recognition. Overall, these results demonstrate that glucose and lactate metabolism are differentially engaged in neuronal fueling depending on the complexity of the activity-dependent plasticity and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Dembitskaya
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Piette
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Perez
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hugues Berry
- AIStroSight Lab, INRIA, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69603 Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, LIRIS UMR5205, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Venance
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
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Bajaffer A, Mineta K, Magistretti P, Gojobori T. Lactate-mediated neural plasticity genes emerged during the evolution of memory systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19238. [PMID: 36357482 PMCID: PMC9649800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to record experiences and learning is present to different degrees in several species; however, the complexity and diversity of memory processes are cognitive function features that differentiate humans from other species. Lactate has recently been discovered to act as a signaling molecule for neuronal plasticity linked to long-term memory. Because lactate is not only an energy substrate for neurons but also a signaling molecule for plasticity (Magistretti and Allaman in Nat Rev Neurosci 19:235-249, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2018.19 ), it is of particular interest to understand how and when memory-related genes and lactate-mediated neural plasticity (LMNP) genes emerged and evolved in humans. To understand the evolutionary origin and processes of memory and LMNP genes, we first collected information on genes related to memory and LMNP from the literature and then conducted a comparative analysis of these genes. We found that the memory and LMNP genes have different origins, suggesting that these genes may have become established gradually in evolutionarily and functional terms and not at the same time. We also found that memory and LMNP systems have a similar evolutionary history, having been formed with the gradual participation of newly emerging genes throughout their evolution. We propose that the function of LMNP as a signaling process may be evolutionarily associated with memory systems through an unidentified system that is linked by 13 common genes between memory and LMNP gene sets. This study provides evolutionary insight into the possible relationship between memory and the LMNP systems that deepens our understanding of the evolution of memory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Bajaffer
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia ,grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Katsuhiko Mineta
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia ,grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia ,grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-0041 Japan
| | - Pierre Magistretti
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia ,grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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Cruz E, Bessières B, Magistretti P, Alberini CM. Differential role of neuronal glucose and PFKFB3 in memory formation during development. Glia 2022; 70:2207-2231. [PMID: 35916383 PMCID: PMC9474594 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of glucose in the brain peaks during late childhood; yet, whether and how glucose metabolism is differentially regulated in the brain during childhood compared to adulthood remains to be understood. In particular, it remains to be determined how glucose metabolism is involved in behavioral activations such as learning. Here we show that, compared to adult, the juvenile rat hippocampus has significantly higher mRNA levels of several glucose metabolism enzymes belonging to all glucose metabolism pathways, as well as higher levels of the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 and the glucose transporters endothelial-GLUT1 and GLUT3 proteins. Furthermore, relative to adults, long-term episodic memory formation in juvenile animals requires significantly higher rates of aerobic glycolysis and astrocytic-neuronal lactate coupling in the hippocampus. Only juvenile but not adult long-term memory formation recruits GLUT3, neuronal 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and more efficiently engages glucose in the hippocampus. Hence, compared to adult, the juvenile hippocampus distinctively regulates glucose metabolism pathways, and formation of long-term memory in juveniles involves differential neuronal glucose metabolism mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cruz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Benjamin Bessières
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Pierre Magistretti
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristina M. Alberini
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
- Lead contact: Cristina M. Alberini
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Giannos P, Prokopidis K, Lidoriki I, Triantafyllidis KK, Kechagias KS, Celoch K, Candow DG, Ostojic SM, Forbes SC. Medium-chain triglycerides may improve memory in non-demented older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:817. [PMID: 36273115 PMCID: PMC9588230 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketosis has been exploited for its neuroprotective impact and treatment of neurological conditions via ketone production. Exogenous medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation may induce nutritional ketosis. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the effects of MCTs on memory function in older adults without cognitive impairment. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science was employed from inception until April 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, investigating the impact of MCT oils on components of memory. Risk of bias (RoB2) tool was utilized for quality assessment. RESULTS Six trials were included for qualitative synthesis, in which two studies examined the effect of MCTs through a ketogenic meal. MCT supplementation compared to controls was associated with improved indices of memory function in 4 out of 6 studies, particularly working memory. A meta-analysis was not employed due to the low number of studies, therefore, a true effect measure of MCT supplementation was not explored. CONCLUSIONS MCT supplementation may enhance working memory in non-demented older adults. These effects may be more prominent in individuals with lower baseline scores, from short and long-term supplementation. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings in terms of optimal dose and MCTs composition, which may protect from memory decline during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giannos
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Irene Lidoriki
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos K Triantafyllidis
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, UK
| | - Konstantinos S Kechagias
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kamil Celoch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, USA
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sergej M Ostojic
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
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Insight into the Effects of High-Altitude Hypoxic Exposure on Learning and Memory. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4163188. [PMID: 36160703 PMCID: PMC9492407 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4163188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The earth land area is heterogeneous in terms of elevation; about 45% of its land area belongs to higher elevation with altitude above 500 meters compared to sea level. In most cases, oxygen concentration decreases as altitude increases. Thus, high-altitude hypoxic stress is commonly faced by residents in areas with an average elevation exceeding 2500 meters and those who have just entered the plateau. High-altitude hypoxia significantly affects advanced neurobehaviors including learning and memory (L&M). Hippocampus, the integration center of L&M, could be the most crucial target affected by high-altitude hypoxia exposure. Based on these points, this review thoroughly discussed the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and L&M impairment, in terms of hippocampal neuron apoptosis and dysfunction, neuronal oxidative stress disorder, neurotransmitters and related receptors, and nerve cell energy metabolism disorder, which is of great significance to find potential targets for medical intervention. Studies illustrate that the mechanism of L&M damaged by high-altitude hypoxia should be further investigated based on the entire review of issues related to this topic.
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Sun L, Liu T, Liu J, Gao C, Zhang X. Physical exercise and mitochondrial function: New therapeutic interventions for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Neurol 2022; 13:929781. [PMID: 36158946 PMCID: PMC9491238 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.929781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, including major depression disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease, are a burden to society. Deficits of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) have been widely considered the main hallmark of psychiatric diseases as well as neurodegeneration. Herein, exploring applicable targets for improving hippocampal neural plasticity could provide a breakthrough for the development of new treatments. Emerging evidence indicates the broad functions of mitochondria in regulating cellular behaviors of neural stem cells, neural progenitors, and mature neurons in adulthood could offer multiple neural plasticities for behavioral modulation. Normalizing mitochondrial functions could be a new direction for neural plasticity enhancement. Exercise, a highly encouraged integrative method for preventing disease, has been indicated to be an effective pathway to improving both mitochondrial functions and AHN. Herein, the relative mechanisms of mitochondria in regulating neurogenesis and its effects in linking the effects of exercise to neurological diseases requires a systematic summary. In this review, we have assessed the relationship between mitochondrial functions and AHN to see whether mitochondria can be potential targets for treating neurological diseases. Moreover, as for one of well-established alternative therapeutic approaches, we summarized the evidence to show the underlying mechanisms of exercise to improve mitochondrial functions and AHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of P.E and Sport, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lina Sun
| | - Tianbiao Liu
- College of P.E and Sport, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- College of P.E and Sport, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- Xiaohui Zhang
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Chong Gao
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49
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Li X, Yang Y, Zhang B, Lin X, Fu X, An Y, Zou Y, Wang JX, Wang Z, Yu T. Lactate metabolism in human health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:305. [PMID: 36050306 PMCID: PMC9434547 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate shuttle hypothesis suggests that lactate plays an important role as a bridging signaling molecule that coordinates signaling among different cells, organs and tissues. Lactylation is a posttranslational modification initially reported by Professor Yingming Zhao’s research group in 2019. Subsequent studies confirmed that lactylation is a vital component of lactate function and is involved in tumor proliferation, neural excitation, inflammation and other biological processes. An indispensable substance for various physiological cellular functions, lactate plays a regulatory role in different aspects of energy metabolism and signal transduction. Therefore, a comprehensive review and summary of lactate is presented to clarify the role of lactate in disease and to provide a reference and direction for future research. This review offers a systematic overview of lactate homeostasis and its roles in physiological and pathological processes, as well as a comprehensive overview of the effects of lactylation in various diseases, particularly inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Li
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaotong Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Yulin Zou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jian-Xun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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50
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Tyler SEB, Tyler LDK. Therapeutic roles of plants for 15 hypothesised causal bases of Alzheimer's disease. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:34. [PMID: 35996065 PMCID: PMC9395556 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive and ultimately fatal, with current drugs failing to reverse and cure it. This study aimed to find plant species which may provide therapeutic bioactivities targeted to causal agents proposed to be driving AD. A novel toolkit methodology was employed, whereby clinical symptoms were translated into categories recognized in ethnomedicine. These categories were applied to find plant species with therapeutic effects, mined from ethnomedical surveys. Survey locations were mapped to assess how this data is at risk. Bioactivities were found of therapeutic relevance to 15 hypothesised causal bases for AD. 107 species with an ethnological report of memory improvement demonstrated therapeutic activity for all these 15 causal bases. The majority of the surveys were found to reside within biodiversity hotspots (centres of high biodiversity under threat), with loss of traditional knowledge the most common threat. Our findings suggest that the documented plants provide a large resource of AD therapeutic potential. In demonstrating bioactivities targeted to these causal bases, such plants may have the capacity to reduce or reverse AD, with promise as drug leads to target multiple AD hallmarks. However, there is a need to preserve ethnomedical knowledge, and the habitats on which this knowledge depends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke D K Tyler
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, UK
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