1
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Zhang Z, Lv ZG, Lu M, Li H, Zhou J. Nerve-tumor crosstalk in tumor microenvironment: From tumor initiation and progression to clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189121. [PMID: 38796026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The autonomic nerve system (ANS) innervates organs and tissues throughout the body and maintains functional balance among various systems. Further investigations have shown that excessive activation of ANS not only causes disruption of homeostasis, but also may promote tumor formation. In addition, the dynamic interaction between nerve and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment also regulate tumor progression. On the one hand, nerves are passively invaded by tumor cells, that is, perineural invasion (PNI). On the other hand, compared with normal tissues, tumor tissues are subject to more abundant innervation, and nerves can influence tumor progression through regulating tumor proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance. A large number of studies have shown that nerve-tumor crosstalk, including PNI and innervation, is closely related to the prognosis of patients, and contributes to the formation of cancer pain, which significantly deteriorates the quality of life for patients. These findings suggest that nerve-tumor crosstalk represents a potential target for anti-tumor therapies and the management of cancer pain in the future. In this review, we systematically describe the mechanism by which nerve-tumor crosstalk regulates tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Gang Lv
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miao Lu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiahua Zhou
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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2
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Otani Y, Katayama H, Zhu Y, Huang R, Shigehira T, Shien K, Suzawa K, Yamamoto H, Shien T, Toyooka S, Fujimura A. Adrenergic microenvironment driven by cancer-associated Schwann cells contributes to chemoresistance in patients with lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2333-2345. [PMID: 38676373 PMCID: PMC11247558 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX)-positive neural progenitor-like cells are purported components of the cancer microenvironment. The number of DCX-positive cells in tissues reportedly correlates with cancer progression; however, little is known about the mechanism by which these cells affect cancer progression. Here we demonstrated that DCX-positive cells, which are found in all major histological subtypes of lung cancer, are cancer-associated Schwann cells (CAS) and contribute to the chemoresistance of lung cancer cells by establishing an adrenergic microenvironment. Mechanistically, the activation of the Hippo transducer YAP/TAZ was involved in the acquisition of new traits of CAS and DCX positivity. We further revealed that CAS express catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and synthesize adrenaline, which potentiates the chemoresistance of lung cancer cells through the activation of YAP/TAZ. Our findings shed light on CAS, which drive the formation of an adrenergic microenvironment by the reciprocal regulation of YAP/TAZ in lung cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Otani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haruyoshi Katayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yidan Zhu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rongsheng Huang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Takafumi Shigehira
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Suzawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Shien
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujimura
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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3
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Gu D, Xia Y, Ding Z, Qian J, Gu X, Bai H, Jiang M, Yao D. Inflammation in the Peripheral Nervous System after Injury. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1256. [PMID: 38927464 PMCID: PMC11201765 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury is a common condition that occurs as a result of trauma, iatrogenic injury, or long-lasting stimulation. Unlike the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has a strong capacity for self-repair and regeneration. Peripheral nerve injury results in the degeneration of distal axons and myelin sheaths. Macrophages and Schwann cells (SCs) can phagocytose damaged cells. Wallerian degeneration (WD) makes the whole axon structure degenerate, creating a favorable regenerative environment for new axons. After nerve injury, macrophages, neutrophils and other cells are mobilized and recruited to the injury site to phagocytose necrotic cells and myelin debris. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors involved in the inflammatory response provide a favorable microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration and regulate the effects of inflammation on the body through relevant signaling pathways. Previously, inflammation was thought to be detrimental to the body, but further research has shown that appropriate inflammation promotes nerve regeneration, axon regeneration, and myelin formation. On the contrary, excessive inflammation can cause nerve tissue damage and pathological changes, and even lead to neurological diseases. Therefore, after nerve injury, various cells in the body interact with cytokines and chemokines to promote peripheral nerve repair and regeneration by inhibiting the negative effects of inflammation and harnessing the positive effects of inflammation in specific ways and at specific times. Understanding the interaction between neuroinflammation and nerve regeneration provides several therapeutic ideas to improve the inflammatory microenvironment and promote nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Yiming Xia
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Jiaxi Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Xi Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Maorong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Dengbing Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
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4
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Stassart RM, Gomez-Sanchez JA, Lloyd AC. Schwann Cells as Orchestrators of Nerve Repair: Implications for Tissue Regeneration and Pathologies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041363. [PMID: 38199866 PMCID: PMC11146315 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves exist in a stable state in adulthood providing a rapid bidirectional signaling system to control tissue structure and function. However, following injury, peripheral nerves can regenerate much more effectively than those of the central nervous system (CNS). This multicellular process is coordinated by peripheral glia, in particular Schwann cells, which have multiple roles in stimulating and nurturing the regrowth of damaged axons back to their targets. Aside from the repair of damaged nerves themselves, nerve regenerative processes have been linked to the repair of other tissues and de novo innervation appears important in establishing an environment conducive for the development and spread of tumors. In contrast, defects in these processes are linked to neuropathies, aging, and pain. In this review, we focus on the role of peripheral glia, especially Schwann cells, in multiple aspects of nerve regeneration and discuss how these findings may be relevant for pathologies associated with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Stassart
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante 03010, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, Sant Joan de Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Alison C Lloyd
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Vázquez Alberdi L, Martínez-Busi M, Arrarte E, Echeverry C, Calero M, Kun A. A low dose of curcumin-PDA nanoparticles improves viability and proliferation in endoneurial fibroblasts and Schwann cell cultures. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:81. [PMID: 38714630 PMCID: PMC11076434 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from Curcuma longa's roots. Low doses of curcumin are related to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects, while high doses are used for their lethality. This diversity of behaviors allows us to understand curcumin as a compound with hormetic action. Due to its strongly hydrophobic character, curcumin is often solubilized in organic compounds. In this way, we have recently reported the undesirable and occasionally irreversible effects of alcohol and DMSO on the viability of primary Schwann cell cultures. In this scenario, the use of nanoparticles as delivery systems has become a successful alternative strategy for these compounds. In the present work, we describe the structure of Polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles, loaded with a low dose of curcumin (Curc-PDA) without the use of additional organic solvents. We analyzed the curcumin released, and we found two different forms of curcumin. Small increased cell viability and proliferation were observed in endoneurial fibroblast and Schwann cell primary cultures when Curc-PDA was steadily supplied for 5 days. The increased bioavailability of this natural compound and the impact on cells in culture not only confirm the properties of curcumin at very low doses but also provide a glimpse of a possible therapeutic alternative for PNS conditions in which SCs are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vázquez Alberdi
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Laboratorio de Acústica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Física, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Marcela Martínez-Busi
- Plataforma Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eloisa Arrarte
- Área Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Echeverry
- Departamento de Neurobiología y Neuropatología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Miguel Calero
- Unidad de Encefalopatías Espongiformes, UFIEC, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Kun
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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6
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Hoving JJA, Harford-Wright E, Wingfield-Digby P, Cattin AL, Campana M, Power A, Morgan T, Torchiaro E, Quereda V, Lloyd AC. N-cadherin directs the collective Schwann cell migration required for nerve regeneration through Slit2/3-mediated contact inhibition of locomotion. eLife 2024; 13:e88872. [PMID: 38591541 PMCID: PMC11052573 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is fundamental for the development of organisms and in the adult for tissue regeneration and in pathological conditions such as cancer. Migration as a coherent group requires the maintenance of cell-cell interactions, while contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), a local repulsive force, can propel the group forward. Here we show that the cell-cell interaction molecule, N-cadherin, regulates both adhesion and repulsion processes during Schwann cell (SC) collective migration, which is required for peripheral nerve regeneration. However, distinct from its role in cell-cell adhesion, the repulsion process is independent of N-cadherin trans-homodimerisation and the associated adherens junction complex. Rather, the extracellular domain of N-cadherin is required to present the repulsive Slit2/Slit3 signal at the cell surface. Inhibiting Slit2/Slit3 signalling inhibits CIL and subsequently collective SC migration, resulting in adherent, nonmigratory cell clusters. Moreover, analysis of ex vivo explants from mice following sciatic nerve injury showed that inhibition of Slit2 decreased SC collective migration and increased clustering of SCs within the nerve bridge. These findings provide insight into how opposing signals can mediate collective cell migration and how CIL pathways are promising targets for inhibiting pathological cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian JA Hoving
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Harford-Wright
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Patrick Wingfield-Digby
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne-Laure Cattin
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mariana Campana
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alex Power
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Toby Morgan
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Erica Torchiaro
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Victor Quereda
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alison C Lloyd
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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7
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Dai Y, Lu T, Li L, Zhang F, Xu H, Li H, Wang W, Shao M, Lyu F. Electrospun Composite PLLA-PPSB Nanofiber Nerve Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Defects Repair and Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303539. [PMID: 38233357 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common clinical problem and regenerating peripheral nerve defects remain a significant challenge. Poly(polyol sebacate) (PPS) polymers are developed as promising materials for biomedical applications due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, elastomeric properties, and ease of production. However, the application of PPS-based biomaterials in nerve tissue engineering, especially in PNI repair, is limited. In this study, PPS-based composite nanofibers poly(l-lactic acid)-poly(polycaprolactone triol-co-sebacic acid-co-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt) (PLLA-PPSB) are aimed to construct through electrospinning and assess their in vitro biocompatibility with Schwann cells (SCs) and in vivo repair capabilities for peripheral nerve defects. For the first time, the biocompatibility and bioactivity of PPS-based nanomaterial are examined at the molecular, cellular, and animal levels for PNI repair. Electrospun PLLA-PPSB nanofibers display favorable physicochemical properties and biocompatibility, providing an effective interface for the proliferation, glial expression, and adhesion of SCs in vitro. In vivo experiments using a 10-mm rat sciatic nerve defect model show that PLLA-PPSB nanofiber nerve conduits enhance myelin formation, axonal regeneration, angiogenesis, and functional recovery. Transcriptome analysis and biological validation indicate that PLLA-PPSB nanofibers may promote SC proliferation by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This suggests the promising potential of PLLA-PPSB nanomaterial for PNI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tingwei Lu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 210000, China
| | - Linli Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haocheng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Minghao Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Feizhou Lyu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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8
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de Franchis V, Petrungaro S, Pizzichini E, Camerini S, Casella M, Somma F, Mandolini E, Carpino G, Overi D, Cardinale V, Facchiano A, Filippini A, Gaudio E, Fabrizi C, Giampietri C. Cholangiocarcinoma Malignant Traits Are Promoted by Schwann Cells through TGFβ Signaling in a Model of Perineural Invasion. Cells 2024; 13:366. [PMID: 38474330 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The term cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) defines a class of epithelial malignancies originating from bile ducts. Although it has been demonstrated that CCA patients with perineural invasion (PNI) have a worse prognosis, the biological features of this phenomenon are yet unclear. Our data show that in human intrahepatic CCA specimens with documented PNI, nerve-infiltrating CCA cells display positivity of the epithelial marker cytokeratin 7, lower with respect to the rest of the tumor mass. In an in vitro 3D model, CCA cells move towards a peripheral nerve explant allowing contact with Schwann cells (SCs) emerging from the nerve. Here, we show that SCs produce soluble factors that favor the migration, invasion, survival and proliferation of CCA cells in vitro. This effect is accompanied by a cadherin switch, suggestive of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The influence of SCs in promoting the ability of CCA cells to migrate and invade the extracellular matrix is hampered by a specific TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFBR1) antagonist. Differential proteomic data indicate that the exposure of CCA cells to SC secreted factors induces the upregulation of key oncogenes and the concomitant downregulation of some tumor suppressors. Taken together, these data concur in identifying SCs as possible promoters of a more aggressive CCA phenotype, ascribing a central role to TGFβ signaling in regulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio de Franchis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Petrungaro
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Pizzichini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Camerini
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Somma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Mandolini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fabrizi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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9
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Wang Y, Yang B, Huang Z, Yang Z, Wang J, Ao Q, Yin G, Li Y. Progress and mechanism of graphene oxide-composited materials in application of peripheral nerve repair. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113672. [PMID: 38071946 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are one of the most common nerve injuries, and graphene oxide (GO) has demonstrated significant potential in the treatment of PNI. GO could enhance the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and differentiation of neuronal cells by upregulating the expression of relevant proteins, and regulate the angiogenesis process and immune response. Therefore, GO is a suitable additional component for fabricating artificial nerve scaffolds (ANS), in which the slight addition of GO could improve the physicochemical performance of the matrix materials, through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction. GO-composited ANS can increase the expression of nerve regeneration-associated genes and factors, promoting angiogenesis by activating the RAS/MAPK and AKT-eNOS-VEGF signaling pathway, respectively. Moreover, GO could be metabolized and excreted from the body through the pathway of peroxidase degradation in vivo. Consequently, the application of GO in PNI regeneration exhibits significant potential for transitioning from laboratory research to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Precision Medical Center of Southwest China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Zhongbing Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Zhaopu Yang
- Center for Drug Inspection, Guizhou Medical Products Administration, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ya Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, China
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10
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Krishnan A, Verge VMK, Zochodne DW. Hallmarks of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 201:1-17. [PMID: 38697733 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90108-6.00014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves are functional networks in the body. Disruption of these networks induces varied functional consequences depending on the types of nerves and organs affected. Despite the advances in microsurgical repair and understanding of nerve regeneration biology, restoring full functions after severe traumatic nerve injuries is still far from achieved. While a blunted growth response from axons and errors in axon guidance due to physical barriers may surface as the major hurdles in repairing nerves, critical additional cellular and molecular aspects challenge the orderly healing of injured nerves. Understanding the systematic reprogramming of injured nerves at the cellular and molecular levels, referred to here as "hallmarks of nerve injury regeneration," will offer better ideas. This chapter discusses the hallmarks of nerve injury and regeneration and critical points of failures in the natural healing process. Potential pharmacological and nonpharmacological intervention points for repairing nerves are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre (CMSNRC), Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Valerie M K Verge
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre (CMSNRC), Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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11
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Gu M, Cheng X, Zhang D, Wu W, Cao Y, He J. Chemokine platelet factor 4 accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration by regulating Schwann cell activation and axon elongation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:190-195. [PMID: 37488866 PMCID: PMC10479853 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells in peripheral nerves react to traumatic nerve injury by attempting to grow and regenerate. However, it is unclear what factors play a role in this process. In this study, we searched a GEO database and found that expression of platelet factor 4 was markedly up-regulated after sciatic nerve injury. Platelet factor is an important molecule in cell apoptosis, differentiation, survival, and proliferation. Further, polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the change in platelet factor 4 in the sciatic nerve at different time points after injury. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that platelet factor 4 was secreted by Schwann cells. We also found that silencing platelet factor 4 decreased the proliferation and migration of primary cultured Schwann cells, while exogenously applied platelet factor 4 stimulated Schwann cell proliferation and migration and neuronal axon growth. Furthermore, knocking out platelet factor 4 inhibited the proliferation of Schwann cells in injured rat sciatic nerve. These findings suggest that Schwann cell-secreted platelet factor 4 may facilitate peripheral nerve repair and regeneration by regulating Schwann cell activation and axon growth. Thus, platelet factor 4 may be a potential therapeutic target for traumatic peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianghong He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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12
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Chen Q, Zhang L, Zhang F, Yi S. FOSL1 modulates Schwann cell responses in the wound microenvironment and regulates peripheral nerve regeneration. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105444. [PMID: 37949219 PMCID: PMC10716580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral glial Schwann cells switch to a repair state after nerve injury, proliferate to supply lost cell population, migrate to form regeneration tracks, and contribute to the generation of a permissive microenvironment for nerve regeneration. Exploring essential regulators of the repair responses of Schwann cells may benefit the clinical treatment for peripheral nerve injury. In the present study, we find that FOSL1, a AP-1 member that encodes transcription factor FOS Like 1, is highly expressed at the injured sites following peripheral nerve crush. Interfering FOSL1 decreases the proliferation rate and migration ability of Schwann cells, leading to impaired nerve regeneration. Mechanism investigations demonstrate that FOSL1 regulates Schwann cell proliferation and migration by directly binding to the promoter of EPH Receptor B2 (EPHB2) and promoting EPHB2 transcription. Collectively, our findings reveal the essential roles of FOSL1 in regulating the activation of Schwann cells and indicate that FOSL1 can be targeted as a novel therapeutic approach to orchestrate the regeneration and functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Zou Y, Wu S, Wen F, Ge Y, Luo S. PGC-1α Inhibits Schwann Cell Dedifferentiation and Delays Peripheral Nerve Degeneration by Targeting PON1. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3767-3781. [PMID: 37526811 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PPARγ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is an essential transcription factor co-activator that regulates gene transcription and neural regeneration. Schwann cells, which are unique glial cells in peripheral nerves that dedifferentiate after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and are released from degenerative nerves. Wallerian degeneration is a series of stereotypical events that occurs in response to nerve fibers after PNI. The role of PGC-1α in Schwann cell dedifferentiation and Wallerian degeneration is not yet clear. As Wallerian degeneration plays a crucial role in PNI, we conducted a study to determine whether PGC-1α has an effect on peripheral nerve degeneration after injury. We examined the expression of PGC-1α after sciatic nerve crush or transection using Western blotting and found that PGC-1α expression increased after PNI. Then we utilized ex vivo and in vitro models to investigate the effects of PGC-1α inhibition and activation on Schwann cell dedifferentiation and nerve degeneration. Our findings indicate that PGC-1α negatively regulates Schwann cell dedifferentiation and nerve degeneration. Through the use of RNA-seq, siRNA/plasmid transfection and reversal experiments, we identified that PGC-1α targets inhibit the expression of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) during Schwann cell dedifferentiation in degenerated nerves. In summary, PGC-1α plays a crucial role in preventing Schwann cell dedifferentiation and its activation can reduce peripheral nerve degeneration by targeting PON1. PGC-1α inhibits Schwann cell dedifferentiation and peripheral nerve degeneration. PGC-1α negatively regulates Schwann cell dedifferentiation and peripheral nerve degeneration after injury by targeting PON1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanlong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shengkang Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Wang T, Li W, Zhang Y, Xu X, Qiang L, Miao W, Yue X, Jiao X, Zhou X, Ma Z, Li S, Ding M, Zhu J, Yang C, Wang H, Li T, Sun X, Wang J. Bioprinted constructs that simulate nerve-bone crosstalk to improve microenvironment for bone repair. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:377-393. [PMID: 37122897 PMCID: PMC10131128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between nerves and bone is essential for bone repair, for which Schwann cells (SCs) are crucial in the regulation of the microenvironment. Considering that exosomes are critical paracrine mediators for intercellular communication that exert important effects in tissue repair, the aim of this study is to confirm the function and molecular mechanisms of Schwann cell-derived exosomes (SC-exos) on bone regeneration and to propose engineered constructs that simulate SC-mediated nerve-bone crosstalk. SCs promoted the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) through exosomes. Subsequent molecular mechanism studies demonstrated that SC-exos promoted BMSC osteogenesis by regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway via let-7c-5p. Interestingly, SC-exos promoted the migration and tube formation performance of endothelial progenitor cells. Furthermore, the SC-exos@G/S constructs were developed by bioprinting technology that simulated SC-mediated nerve-bone crosstalk and improved the bone regeneration microenvironment by releasing SC-exos, exerting the regulatory effect of SCs in the microenvironment to promote innervation, vascularization, and osteogenesis and thus effectively improving bone repair in a cranial defect model. This study demonstrates the important role and underlying mechanism of SCs in regulating bone regeneration through SC-exos and provides a new engineered strategy for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Sports Medicine Department, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Institute of Sports Medicine, No.49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lei Qiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Weiqiang Miao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaokun Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xin Jiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xianhao Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Muliang Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410001, Hunan, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chi Yang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xin Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Corresponding author. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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15
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Heredia JE, Jung M, Balestrini A, Doerr J, Paler-Martinez A, Mozzarelli A, Riol-Blanco L, Kaminker JS, Ding N. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Links Nonmyelinating Schwann Cells to Proinflammatory Response in the Lung. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:844-852. [PMID: 37477665 PMCID: PMC10450159 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The lung is a barrier tissue with constant exposure to the inhaled environment. Therefore, innate immunity against particulates and pathogens is of critical importance to maintain tissue homeostasis. Although the lung harbors both myelinating and nonmyelinating Schwann cells (NMSCs), NMSCs represent the most abundant Schwann cell (SC) population in the lung. However, their contribution to lung physiology remains largely unknown. In this study, we used the human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter driving tdTomato expression in mice to identify SCs in the peripheral nervous system and determine their location within the lung. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed the existence of two NMSC populations (NMSC1 and NMSC2) that may participate in pathogen recognition. We demonstrated that these pulmonary SCs produce chemokines and cytokines upon LPS stimulation using in vitro conditions. Furthermore, we challenged mouse lungs with LPS and found that NMSC1 exhibits an enriched proinflammatory response among all SC subtypes. Collectively, these findings define the molecular profiles of lung SCs and suggest a potential role for NMSCs in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E. Heredia
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Min Jung
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Jonas Doerr
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ning Ding
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
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16
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Chen S, Chen Q, Zhang X, Shen Y, Shi X, Dai X, Yi S. Schwann cell-derived amphiregulin enhances nerve regeneration via supporting the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells and the elongation of axons. J Neurochem 2023; 166:678-691. [PMID: 37439370 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves have limited regeneration ability following nerve injury. Applying growth factors with neurotrophic roles is beneficial for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. Here we show that after rat sciatic nerve injury, growth factor amphiregulin (AREG) is upregulated in Schwann cells of sciatic nerves. Elevated AREG stimulates the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells by activating ERK1/2 cascade. Schwann cell-secreted AREG further facilitates the outgrowth of neurites and the elongation of injured axons. Administration of AREG to injured sciatic nerves stimulates the proliferation of Schwann cells to replace lost cell population, encourages the migration of Schwann cells to form cell cords, and facilitates the regrowth of axons. Overall, our results identify AREG as an important neurotrophic factor and thus provide a promising therapeutic avenue towards peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yinying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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17
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Kruglov O, Vats K, Soman V, Tyurin VA, Tyurina YY, Wang J, Williams L, Zhang J, Donahue Carey C, Jaklitsch E, Chandran UR, Bayir H, Kagan VE, Bunimovich YL. Melanoma-associated repair-like Schwann cells suppress anti-tumor T-cells via 12/15-LOX/COX2-associated eicosanoid production. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2192098. [PMID: 36998620 PMCID: PMC10044150 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2192098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral glia, specifically the Schwann cells (SCs), have been implicated in the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and in cancer progression. However, in vivo and ex vivo analyses of how cancers reprogram SC functions in different organs of tumor-bearing mice are lacking. We generated Plp1-CreERT/tdTomato mice which harbor fluorescently labeled myelinated and non-myelin forming SCs. We show that this model enables the isolation of the SCs with high purity from the skin and multiple other organs. We used this model to study phenotypic and functional reprogramming of the SCs in the skin adjacent to melanoma tumors. Transcriptomic analyses of the peritumoral skin SCs versus skin SCs from tumor-free mice revealed that the former existed in a repair-like state typically activated during nerve and tissue injury. Peritumoral skin SCs also downregulated pro-inflammatory genes and pathways related to protective anti-tumor responses. In vivo and ex vivo functional assays confirmed immunosuppressive activities of the peritumoral skin SCs. Specifically, melanoma-reprogrammed SCs upregulated 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and increased production of anti-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and lipoxins A4/B4. Inhibition of 12/15-LOX or COX2 in SCs, or EP4 receptor on lymphocytes reversed SC-dependent suppression of anti-tumor T-cell activation. Therefore, SCs within the skin adjacent to melanoma tumors demonstrate functional switching to repair-like immunosuppressive cells with dysregulated lipid oxidation. Our study suggests the involvement of the melanoma-associated repair-like peritumoral SCs in the modulation of locoregional and systemic anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kruglov
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kavita Vats
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishal Soman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Li’an Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cara Donahue Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erik Jaklitsch
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Uma R. Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Children’s Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Children’s Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri L. Bunimovich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Chiasson-MacKenzie C, Vitte J, Liu CH, Wright EA, Flynn EA, Stott SL, Giovannini M, McClatchey AI. Cellular mechanisms of heterogeneity in NF2-mutant schwannoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1559. [PMID: 36944680 PMCID: PMC10030849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwannomas are common sporadic tumors and hallmarks of familial neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) that develop predominantly on cranial and spinal nerves. Virtually all schwannomas result from inactivation of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene with few, if any, cooperating mutations. Despite their genetic uniformity schwannomas exhibit remarkable clinical and therapeutic heterogeneity, which has impeded successful treatment. How heterogeneity develops in NF2-mutant schwannomas is unknown. We have found that loss of the membrane:cytoskeleton-associated NF2 tumor suppressor, merlin, yields unstable intrinsic polarity and enables Nf2-/- Schwann cells to adopt distinct programs of ErbB ligand production and polarized signaling, suggesting a self-generated model of schwannoma heterogeneity. We validated the heterogeneous distribution of biomarkers of these programs in human schwannoma and exploited the synchronous development of lesions in a mouse model to establish a quantitative pipeline for studying how schwannoma heterogeneity evolves. Our studies highlight the importance of intrinsic mechanisms of heterogeneity across human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chiasson-MacKenzie
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jeremie Vitte
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ching-Hui Liu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Emily A Wright
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Flynn
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Shannon L Stott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Marco Giovannini
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Andrea I McClatchey
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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19
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Huang Z, Powell R, Kankowski S, Phillips JB, Haastert-Talini K. Culture Conditions for Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Schwann Cells: A Two-Centre Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065366. [PMID: 36982441 PMCID: PMC10049204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult human Schwann cells represent a relevant tool for studying peripheral neuropathies and developing regenerative therapies to treat nerve damage. Primary adult human Schwann cells are, however, difficult to obtain and challenging to propagate in culture. One potential solution is to generate Schwann cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Previously published protocols, however, in our hands did not deliver sufficient viable cell numbers of hiPSC-derived Schwann cells (hiPSC-SCs). We present here, two modified protocols from two collaborating laboratories that overcome these challenges. With this, we also identified the relevant parameters to be specifically considered in any proposed differentiation protocol. Furthermore, we are, to our knowledge, the first to directly compare hiPSC-SCs to primary adult human Schwann cells using immunocytochemistry and RT-qPCR. We conclude the type of coating to be important during the differentiation process from Schwann cell precursor cells or immature Schwann cells to definitive Schwann cells, as well as the amounts of glucose in the specific differentiation medium to be crucial for increasing its efficiency and the final yield of viable hiPSC-SCs. Our hiPSC-SCs further displayed high similarity to primary adult human Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Huang
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30623 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Powell
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL, London WC1H 0AL, UK
| | - Svenja Kankowski
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - James B. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL, London WC1H 0AL, UK
- Correspondence: (J.B.P.); (K.H.-T.)
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30623 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.B.P.); (K.H.-T.)
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20
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Li X, Zhang T, Li C, Xu W, Guan Y, Li X, Cheng H, Chen S, Yang B, Liu Y, Ren Z, Song X, Jia Z, Wang Y, Tang J. Electrical stimulation accelerates Wallerian degeneration and promotes nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury. Glia 2023; 71:758-774. [PMID: 36484493 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve injury (PNI), Wallerian degeneration (WD) in the distal stump can generate a microenvironment favorable for nerve regeneration. Brief low-frequency electrical stimulation (ES) is an effective treatment for PNI, but the mechanism underlying its effect on WD remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that ES could enhance nerve regeneration by accelerating WD. To verify this hypothesis, we used a rat model of sciatic nerve transection and provided ES at the distal stump of the injured nerve. The injured nerve was then evaluated after 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days post injury (dpi). The results showed that ES significantly promoted the degeneration and clearance of axons and myelin, and the dedifferentiation of Schwann cells. It upregulated the expression of BDNF and NGF and increased the number of monocytes and macrophages. Through transcriptome sequencing, we systematically investigated the effect of ES on the molecular processes involved in WD at 4 dpi. Evaluation of nerves bridged using silicone tubing after transection showed that ES accelerated early axonal and vascular regeneration while delaying gastrocnemius atrophy. These results demonstrate that ES promotes nerve regeneration by accelerating WD and upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Li
- The School of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Tieyuan Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chaochao Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Guan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Haofeng Cheng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Boyao Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yuli Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqi Ren
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhibo Jia
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinshu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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21
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Malong L, Napoli I, Casal G, White IJ, Stierli S, Vaughan A, Cattin AL, Burden JJ, Hng KI, Bossio A, Flanagan A, Zhao HT, Lloyd AC. Characterization of the structure and control of the blood-nerve barrier identifies avenues for therapeutic delivery. Dev Cell 2023; 58:174-191.e8. [PMID: 36706755 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The blood barriers of the nervous system protect neural environments but can hinder therapeutic accessibility. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is well characterized, consisting of endothelial cells with specialized tight junctions and low levels of transcytosis, properties conferred by contacting pericytes and astrocytes. In contrast, the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) of the peripheral nervous system is poorly defined. Here, we characterize the structure of the mammalian BNB, identify the processes that confer barrier function, and demonstrate how the barrier can be opened in response to injury. The homeostatic BNB is leakier than the BBB, which we show is due to higher levels of transcytosis. However, the barrier is reinforced by macrophages that specifically engulf leaked materials, identifying a role for resident macrophages as an important component of the BNB. Finally, we demonstrate the exploitation of these processes to effectively deliver RNA-targeting therapeutics to peripheral nerves, indicating new treatment approaches for nervous system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Malong
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ilaria Napoli
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Giulia Casal
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ian J White
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Salome Stierli
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew Vaughan
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anne-Laure Cattin
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jemima J Burden
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Keng I Hng
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alessandro Bossio
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adrienne Flanagan
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hien T Zhao
- IONIS, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Alison C Lloyd
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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22
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Gala DS, Titlow JS, Teodoro RO, Davis I. Far from home: the role of glial mRNA localization in synaptic plasticity. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:153-169. [PMID: 36442969 PMCID: PMC9891262 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079422.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurons and glia are highly polarized cells, whose distal cytoplasmic functional subdomains require specific proteins. Neurons have axonal and dendritic cytoplasmic extensions containing synapses whose plasticity is regulated efficiently by mRNA transport and localized translation. The principles behind these mechanisms are equally attractive for explaining rapid local regulation of distal glial cytoplasmic projections, independent of their cell nucleus. However, in contrast to neurons, mRNA localization has received little experimental attention in glia. Nevertheless, there are many functionally diverse glial subtypes containing extensive networks of long cytoplasmic projections with likely localized regulation that influence neurons and their synapses. Moreover, glia have many other neuron-like properties, including electrical activity, secretion of gliotransmitters and calcium signaling, influencing, for example, synaptic transmission, plasticity and axon pruning. Here, we review previous studies concerning glial transcripts with important roles in influencing synaptic plasticity, focusing on a few cases involving localized translation. We discuss a variety of important questions about mRNA transport and localized translation in glia that remain to be addressed, using cutting-edge tools already available for neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia S Gala
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua S Titlow
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Rita O Teodoro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Ilan Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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23
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Barnes-Vélez JA, Aksoy Yasar FB, Hu J. Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100360. [PMID: 36588745 PMCID: PMC9800635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a specialized cell membrane indispensable for rapid nerve conduction. The high abundance of membrane lipids is one of myelin's salient features that contribute to its unique role as an insulator that electrically isolates nerve fibers across their myelinated surface. The most abundant lipids in myelin include cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and plasmalogens, each playing critical roles in myelin development as well as function. This review serves to summarize the role of lipid metabolism in myelination and myelin maintenance, as well as the molecular determinants of myelin lipid homeostasis, with an emphasis on findings from genetic models. In addition, the implications of myelin lipid dysmetabolism in human diseases are highlighted in the context of hereditary leukodystrophies and neuropathies as well as acquired disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Barnes-Vélez
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA
| | - Fatma Betul Aksoy Yasar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
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24
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Schwann cell functions in peripheral nerve development and repair. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105952. [PMID: 36493976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glial cell of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the Schwann cell (SC), counts among the most multifaceted cells of the body. During development, SCs secure neuronal survival and participate in axonal path finding. Simultaneously, they orchestrate the architectural set up of the developing nerves, including the blood vessels and the endo-, peri- and epineurial layers. Perinatally, in rodents, SCs radially sort and subsequently myelinate individual axons larger than 1 μm in diameter, while small calibre axons become organised in non-myelinating Remak bundles. SCs have a vital role in maintaining axonal health throughout life and several specialized SC types perform essential functions at specific locations, such as terminal SC at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) or SC within cutaneous sensory end organs. In addition, neural crest derived satellite glia maintain a tight communication with the soma of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic neurons and neural crest derivatives are furthermore an indispensable part of the enteric nervous system. The remarkable plasticity of SCs becomes evident in the context of a nerve injury, where SC transdifferentiate into intriguing repair cells, which orchestrate a regenerative response that promotes nerve repair. Indeed, the multiple adaptations of SCs are captivating, but remain often ill-resolved on the molecular level. Here, we summarize and discuss the knowns and unknowns of the vast array of functions that this single cell type can cover in peripheral nervous system development, maintenance, and repair.
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25
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Jo YR, Oh Y, Kim YH, Shin YK, Kim HR, Go H, Shin J, Park HJ, Koh H, Kim JK, Shin JE, Lee KE, Park HT. Adaptive autophagy reprogramming in Schwann cells during peripheral demyelination. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:34. [PMID: 36622429 PMCID: PMC9829575 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The myelin sheath is an essential structure for the rapid transmission of electrical impulses through axons, and peripheral myelination is a well-programmed postnatal process of Schwann cells (SCs), the myelin-forming peripheral glia. SCs transdifferentiate into demyelinating SCs (DSCs) to remove the myelin sheath during Wallerian degeneration after axonal injury and demyelinating neuropathies, and macrophages are responsible for the degradation of myelin under both conditions. In this study, the mechanism by which DSCs acquire the ability of myelin exocytosis was investigated. Using serial ultrastructural evaluation, we found that autophagy-related gene 7-dependent formation of a "secretory phagophore (SP)" and tubular phagophore was necessary for exocytosis of large myelin chambers by DSCs. DSCs seemed to utilize myelin membranes for SP formation and employed p62/sequestosome-1 (p62) as an autophagy receptor for myelin excretion. In addition, the acquisition of the myelin exocytosis ability of DSCs was associated with the decrease in canonical autolysosomal flux and was demonstrated by p62 secretion. Finally, this SC demyelination mechanism appeared to also function in inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies. Our findings show a novel autophagy-mediated myelin clearance mechanism by DSCs in response to nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Rae Jo
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Oh
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Go
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyoon Shin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyongjong Koh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Republic of Korea
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26
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Wu LMN, Zhang F, Rao R, Adam M, Pollard K, Szabo S, Liu X, Belcher KA, Luo Z, Ogurek S, Reilly C, Zhou X, Zhang L, Rubin J, Chang LS, Xin M, Yu J, Suva M, Pratilas CA, Potter S, Lu QR. Single-cell multiomics identifies clinically relevant mesenchymal stem-like cells and key regulators for MPNST malignancy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5442. [PMID: 36322658 PMCID: PMC9629745 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), a highly aggressive Schwann cell (SC)-derived soft tissue sarcoma, arises from benign neurofibroma (NF); however, the identity, heterogeneity and origins of tumor populations remain elusive. Nestin+ cells have been implicated as tumor stem cells in MPNST; unexpectedly, single-cell profiling of human NF and MPNST and their animal models reveal a broad range of nestin-expressing SC lineage cells and dynamic acquisition of discrete cancer states during malignant transformation. We uncover a nestin-negative mesenchymal neural crest-like subpopulation as a previously unknown malignant stem-like state common to murine and human MPNSTs, which correlates with clinical severity. Integrative multiomics profiling further identifies unique regulatory networks and druggable targets against the malignant subpopulations in MPNST. Targeting key epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness regulators including ZEB1 and ALDH1A1 impedes MPNST growth. Together, our studies reveal the underlying principles of tumor cell-state evolution and their regulatory circuitries during NF-to-MPNST transformation, highlighting a hitherto unrecognized mesenchymal stem-like subpopulation in MPNST disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Man Natalie Wu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rohit Rao
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mike Adam
- Division of Developmental Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kai Pollard
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sara Szabo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xuezhao Liu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Katie A. Belcher
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zaili Luo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sean Ogurek
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Colleen Reilly
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joshua Rubin
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Long-sheng Chang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mario Suva
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christine A. Pratilas
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Q. Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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27
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O'Brien AL, West JM, Saffari TM, Nguyen M, Moore AM. Promoting Nerve Regeneration: Electrical Stimulation, Gene Therapy, and Beyond. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35820181 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00008.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries often result in life-altering functional deficits even with optimal management. Unlike the central nervous system, peripheral nerves have the ability to regenerate lost axons after injury; however, axonal regeneration does not equate to full restoration of function. To overcome this physiological shortcoming, advances in nerve regeneration and repair are paramount, including electrical stimulation, gene therapy, and surgical technique advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L O'Brien
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie M West
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tiam M Saffari
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Minh Nguyen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy M Moore
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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28
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Guo SW. Cracking the enigma of adenomyosis: an update on its pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Reproduction 2022; 164:R101-R121. [PMID: 36099328 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In brief Traditionally viewed as enigmatic and elusive, adenomyosis is a fairly common gynecological disease but is under-recognized and under-researched. This review summarizes the latest development on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of adenomyosis, which have important implications for imaging diagnosis of the disease and for the development of non-hormonal therapeutics. Abstract Traditionally considered as an enigmatic disease, adenomyosis is a uterine disease that affects many women of reproductive age and is a contributing factor for pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), and subfertility. In this review, the new development in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of adenomyosis has been summarized, along with their clinical implications. After reviewing the progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis and describing the prevailing theories, in conjunction with their deficiencies, a new hypothesis, called endometrial-myometrial interface disruption (EMID), which is backed by extensive epidemiologic data and demonstrated by a mouse model, is reviewed, along with recent data implicating the role of Schwann cells in the EMI area in the genesis of adenomyosis. Additionally, the natural history of adenomyotic lesions is elaborated and underscores that, in essence, adenomyotic lesions are fundamentally wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair (ReTIAR), which progress to fibrosis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation, and smooth muscle metaplasia. Increasing lesional fibrosis propagates into the neighboring EMI and endometrium. The increased endometrial fibrosis, with ensuing greater tissue stiffness, results in attenuated prostaglandin E2, hypoxia signaling and glycolysis, impairing endometrial repair and causing HMB. Compared with adenomyosis-associated HMB, the mechanisms underlying adenomyosis-associated pain are less understood but presumably involve increased uterine contractility, hyperinnervation, increased lesional production of pain mediators, and central sensitization. Viewed through the prism of ReTIAR, a new imaging technique can be used to diagnose adenomyosis more accurately and informatively and possibly help to choose the best treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Transcriptional Control of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 60:329-341. [PMID: 36261692 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors are master regulators of various cellular processes under diverse physiological and pathological conditions. Many transcription factors that are differentially expressed after injury to peripheral nerves play important roles in nerve regeneration. Considering that rapid and timely regrowth of injured axons is a prerequisite for successful target reinnervation, here, we compile transcription factors that mediates axon elongation, including axon growth suppressor Klf4 and axon growth promoters c-Myc, Sox11, STAT3, Atf3, c-Jun, Smad1, C/EBPδ, and p53. Besides neuronal changes, Schwann cell phenotype modulation is also critical for nerve regeneration. The activation of Schwann cells at early time points post injury provides a permissive microenvironment whereas the re-differentiation of Schwann cells at later time points supports myelin sheath formation. Hence, c-Jun and Sox2, two critical drivers for Schwann cell reprogramming, as well as Krox-20 and Sox10, two essential regulators of Schwann cell myelination, are reviewed. These transcription factors may serve as promising targets for promoting the functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves.
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Modulation of Specific Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors Augments a Repair Mediating Schwann Cell Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810311. [PMID: 36142246 PMCID: PMC9499684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of Schwann cells is essential for functional peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. By activating a repair program, Schwann cells promote functional axonal regeneration and remyelination. However, chronic denervation, aging, metabolic diseases, or chronic inflammatory processes reduce the transdifferentiation capacity and thus diminish peripheral nerve repair. It was recently described that the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) agonist Fingolimod enhances the Schwann cell repair phenotype by activation of dedifferentiation markers and concomitant release of trophic factors resulting in enhanced neurite growth. Since Fingolimod targets four out of five S1PRs (S1P1, S1P3-5) possibly leading to non-specific adverse effects, identification of the main receptor(s) responsible for the observed phenotypic changes is mandatory for future specific treatment approaches. Our experiments revealed that S1P3 dominates and that along with S1P1 acts as the responsible receptor for Schwann cell transdifferentiation as revealed by the combinatory application of specific agonists and antagonists. Targeting both receptors reduced the expression of myelin-associated genes, increased PDGF-BB representing enhanced trophic factor expression likely to result from c-Jun induction. Furthermore, we demonstrated that S1P4 and S1P5 play only a minor role in the adaptation of the repair phenotype. In conclusion, modulation of S1P1 and S1P3 could be effective to enhance the Schwann cell repair phenotype and thus stimulate proper nerve repair.
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Yurteri Ü, Çifcibaşı K, Friess H, Ceyhan GO, Istvanffy R, Demir IE. Schwann Cells in Peripheral Cancers: Bystanders or Promoters? Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200033. [PMID: 35656739 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is subject to intense investigation in terms of its influence on tumorigenesis. Despite the fact that Schwann cells are cancer cells' early interaction partners, investigations on tumor progression and the molecular drivers of carcinogenesis do not place enough emphasis on them. Recent studies have shown that malignant cells and nerves interact on several levels during early carcinogenesis. For instance, the emergence of nerves in cancer, known as cancer neo-neurogenesis, is one important mechanism that contributes to cancer progression. Recent studies on Schwann cells brought the investigation of tumor-nerve interactions to a whole new level. Schwann cells make up the majority of glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, are outstandingly plastic cells, and serve a variety of roles in most organs. All these properties make Schwann cells excellent potential targets for tumor cells to exploit and turn them into promoters of carcinogenesis. In the present review, the distinctive features of Schwann cell-tumor cell interactions and the implications of this interaction on the tumor microenvironment are outlined. Further, this study points out the neglected aspects of Schwann cells in the tumor microenvironment and provides a potential new avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümmügülsüm Yurteri
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaan Çifcibaşı
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp O Ceyhan
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
| | - Rouzanna Istvanffy
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, 34752, Turkey.,Else Kröner Clinician Scientist Professor for Translational Pancreatic Surgery, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Deborde S, Wong RJ. The Role of Schwann Cells in Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200089. [PMID: 35666078 PMCID: PMC9474572 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are the most abundant cell type in the nerves in the peripheral nervous system and compose a family of subtypes that are endowed with a variety of different functions. SCs facilitate the transmission of neural impulses, provide nutrients and protection for neurons, guide axons in nerve repair, and regulate immune functions. In the context of cancer, recent studies have revealed an active role of SCs in promoting cancer cell invasion, modulating immune responses, and transmitting pain sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Deborde
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Richard J Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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33
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Hernandez S, Serrano AG, Solis Soto LM. The Role of Nerve Fibers in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Solid Tumors. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200046. [PMID: 35751462 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The importance of neurons and nerve fibers in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors is now acknowledged after being unexplored for a long time; this is possible due to the development of new technologies that allow in situ characterization of the TME. Recent studies have shown that the density and types of nerves that innervate tumors can predict a patient's clinical outcome and drive several processes of tumor biology. Nowadays, several efforts in cancer research and neuroscience are taking place to elucidate the mechanisms that drive tumor-associated innervation and nerve-tumor and nerve-immune interaction. Assessment of neurons and nerves within the context of the TME can be performed in situ, in tumor tissue, using several pathology-based strategies that utilize histochemical and immunohistochemistry principles, hi-plex technologies, and computational pathology approaches to identify measurable histopathological characteristics of nerves. These features include the number and type of tumor associated nerves, topographical location and microenvironment of neural invasion of malignant cells, and investigation of neuro-related biomarker expression in nerves, tumor cells, and cells of the TME. A deeper understanding of these complex interactions and the impact of nerves in tumor biology will guide the design of better strategies for targeted therapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharia Hernandez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alejandra G Serrano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Chernov AV, Shubayev VI. Sexually dimorphic transcriptional programs of early-phase response in regenerating peripheral nerves. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:958568. [PMID: 35983069 PMCID: PMC9378824 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.958568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The convergence of transcriptional and epigenetic changes in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) reshapes the spatiotemporal gene expression landscape in response to nerve transection. The control of these molecular programs exhibits sexually dimorphic characteristics that remain not sufficiently characterized. In the present study, we recorded genome-wide and sex-dependent early-phase transcriptional changes in regenerating (proximal) sciatic nerve 24 h after axotomy. Male nerves exhibited more extensive transcriptional changes with male-dominant upregulation of cytoskeletal binding and structural protein genes. Regulation of mRNAs encoding ion and ionotropic neurotransmitter channels displayed prominent sexual dimorphism consistent with sex-specific mRNA axonal transport in an early-phase regenerative response. Protein kinases and axonal transport genes showed sexually dimorphic regulation. Genes encoding components of synaptic vesicles were at high baseline expression in females and showed post-injury induction selectively in males. Predictive bioinformatic analyses established patterns of sexually dimorphic regulation of neurotrophic and immune genes, including activation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Gfra1 receptor and immune checkpoint cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) potentially linked to X-chromosome encoded tissue inhibitor of matrix metallo proteinases 1 (Timp1). Regulatory networks involving Olig1, Pou3f3/Oct6, Myrf, and Myt1l transcription factors were linked to sex-dependent reprogramming in regenerating nerves. Differential expression patterns of non-coding RNAs motivate a model of sexually dimorphic nerve regenerative responses to injury determined by epigenetic factors. Combined with our findings in the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (DRG), unique early-phase sex-specific molecular triggers could enrich the mechanistic understanding of peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Chernov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrei V. Chernov,
| | - Veronica I. Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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35
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Malheiro A, Seijas-Gamardo A, Harichandan A, Mota C, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Development of an In Vitro Biomimetic Peripheral Neurovascular Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31567-31585. [PMID: 35815638 PMCID: PMC9305708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nerves and blood vessels are present in most organs and are indispensable for their function and homeostasis. Within these organs, neurovascular (NV) tissue forms congruent patterns and establishes vital interactions. Several human pathologies, including diabetes type II, produce NV disruptions with serious consequences that are complicated to study using animal models. Complex in vitro organ platforms, with neural and vascular supply, allow the investigation of such interactions, whether in a normal or pathological context, in an affordable, simple, and direct manner. To date, a few in vitro models contain NV tissue, and most strategies report models with nonbiomimetic representations of the native environment. To this end, we have established here an NV platform that contains mature vasculature and neural tissue, composed of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)-derived sensory neurons, and primary rat Schwann cells (SCs) within a fibrin-embedded polymeric scaffold. First, we show that SCs can induce the formation of and stabilize vascular networks to the same degree as the traditional and more thoroughly studied human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We also show that through SC prepatterning, we are able to control vessel orientation. Using our NV platform, we demonstrate the concomitant formation of three-dimensional neural and vascular tissue, and the influence of different medium formulations and cell types on the NV tissue outcome. Finally, we propose a protocol to form mature NV tissue, via the integration of independent neural and vascular constituents. The platform described here provides a versatile and advanced model for in vitro research of the NV axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Malheiro
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adrián Seijas-Gamardo
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abhishek Harichandan
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Mota
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
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36
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Abstract
Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are essential for the support and myelination of axons, ensuring fast and accurate communication between the central nervous system and the periphery. Schwann cells and related glia accompany innervating axons in virtually all tissues in the body, where they exhibit remarkable plasticity and the ability to modulate pathology in extraordinary, and sometimes surprising, ways. Here, we provide a brief overview of the various glial cell types in the PNS and describe the cornerstone cellular and molecular processes that enable Schwann cells to perform their canonical functions. We then dive into discussing exciting noncanonical functions of Schwann cells and related PNS glia, which include their role in organizing the PNS, in regulating synaptic activity and pain, in modulating immunity, in providing a pool of stem cells for different organs, and, finally, in influencing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Taveggia
- Axo-Glial Interaction Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy;
| | - M. Laura Feltri
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Zhang Q, Burrell JC, Zeng J, Motiwala FI, Shi S, Cullen DK, Le AD. Implantation of a nerve protector embedded with human GMSC-derived Schwann-like cells accelerates regeneration of crush-injured rat sciatic nerves. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:263. [PMID: 35725660 PMCID: PMC9208168 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) remain one of the great clinical challenges because of their considerable long-term disability potential. Postnatal neural crest-derived multipotent stem cells, including gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs), represent a promising source of seed cells for tissue engineering and regenerative therapy of various disorders, including PNIs. Here, we generated GMSC-repopulated nerve protectors and evaluated their therapeutic effects in a crush injury model of rat sciatic nerves. METHODS GMSCs were mixed in methacrylated collagen and cultured for 48 h, allowing the conversion of GMSCs into Schwann-like cells (GiSCs). The phenotype of GiSCs was verified by fluorescence studies on the expression of Schwann cell markers. GMSCs encapsulated in the methacrylated 3D-collagen hydrogel were co-cultured with THP-1-derived macrophages, and the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 or inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in the supernatant was determined by ELISA. In addition, GMSCs mixed in the methacrylated collagen were filled into a nerve protector made from the decellularized small intestine submucosal extracellular matrix (SIS-ECM) and cultured for 24 h, allowing the generation of functionalized nerve protectors repopulated with GiSCs. We implanted the nerve protector to wrap the injury site of rat sciatic nerves and performed functional and histological assessments 4 weeks post-surgery. RESULTS GMSCs encapsulated in the methacrylated 3D-collagen hydrogel were directly converted into Schwann-like cells (GiSCs) characterized by the expression of S-100β, p75NTR, BDNF, and GDNF. In vitro, co-culture of GMSCs encapsulated in the 3D-collagen hydrogel with macrophages remarkably increased the secretion of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine characteristic of pro-regenerative (M2) macrophages, but robustly reduced LPS-stimulated secretion of TNF-1α and IL-1β, two cytokines characteristic of pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages. In addition, our results indicate that implantation of functionalized nerve protectors repopulated with GiSCs significantly accelerated functional recovery and axonal regeneration of crush-injured rat sciatic nerves accompanied by increased infiltration of pro-regenerative (M2) macrophages while a decreased infiltration of pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings suggest that Schwann-like cells converted from GMSCs represent a promising source of supportive cells for regenerative therapy of PNI through their dual functions, neurotrophic effects, and immunomodulation of pro-inflammatory (M1)/pro-regenerative (M2) macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Justin C. Burrell
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.410355.60000 0004 0420 350XCenter for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Faizan I. Motiwala
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Shihong Shi
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.410355.60000 0004 0420 350XCenter for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Anh D. Le
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.411115.10000 0004 0435 0884Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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CD200R1 Contributes to Successful Functional Reinnervation after a Sciatic Nerve Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111786. [PMID: 35681481 PMCID: PMC9179995 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating and inhibitory immune receptors play a critical role in regulating systemic and central nervous system (CNS) immune and inflammatory processes. The CD200R1 immunoreceptor induces a restraining signal modulating inflammation and phagocytosis in the CNS under different inflammatory conditions. However, it remains unknown whether CD200R1 has a role in modulating the inflammatory response after a peripheral nerve injury, an essential component of the successful regeneration. Expression of CD200R1 and its ligand CD200 was analyzed during homeostasis and after a sciatic nerve crush injury in C57Bl/6 mice. The role of CD200R1 in Wallerian Degeneration (WD) and nerve regeneration was studied using a specific antibody against CD200R1 injected into the nerve at the time of injury. We found an upregulation of CD200R1 mRNA after injury whereas CD200 was downregulated acutely after nerve injury. Blockade of CD200R1 significantly reduced the acute entrance of both neutrophils and monocytes from blood after nerve injury. When long term regeneration and functional recovery were evaluated, we found that blockade of CD200R1 had a significant effect impairing the spontaneous functional recovery. Taken together, these results show that CD200R1 has a role in mounting a successful acute inflammatory reaction after injury, and contributes to an effective functional recovery.
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Perioperative Suppression of Schwann Cell Dedifferentiation Reduces the Risk of Adenomyosis Resulting from Endometrial–Myometrial Interface Disruption in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061218. [PMID: 35740240 PMCID: PMC9219744 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that endometrial–myometrial interface (EMI) disruption (EMID) can cause adenomyosis in mice, providing experimental evidence for the well-documented epidemiological finding that iatrogenic uterine procedures increase the risk of adenomyosis. To further elucidate its underlying mechanisms, we designed this study to test the hypothesis that Schwann cells (SCs) dedifferentiating after EMID facilitate the genesis of adenomyosis, but the suppression of SC dedifferentiation perioperatively reduces the risk. We treated mice perioperatively with either mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors or a vehicle 4 h before and 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after the EMID procedure. We found that EMID resulted in progressive SCs dedifferentiation, concomitant with an increased abundance of epithelial cells in the myometrium and a subsequent epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). This EMID-induced change was abrogated significantly with perioperative administration of JNK or MEK/ERK inhibitors. Consistently, perioperative administration of a JNK or a MEK/ERK inhibitor reduced the incidence by nearly 33.5% and 14.3%, respectively, in conjunction with reduced myometrial infiltration of adenomyosis and alleviation of adenomyosis-associated hyperalgesia. Both treatments significantly decelerated the establishment of adenomyosis and progression of EMT, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast trans-differentiation and fibrogenesis in adenomyotic lesions. Thus, we provide the first piece of evidence strongly implicating the involvement of SCs in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis induced by EMID.
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Li LK, Huang WC, Hsueh YY, Yamauchi K, Olivares N, Davila R, Fang J, Ding X, Zhao W, Soto J, Hasani M, Novitch B, Li S. Intramuscular delivery of neural crest stem cell spheroids enhances neuromuscular regeneration after denervation injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:205. [PMID: 35578348 PMCID: PMC9109326 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle denervation from trauma and motor neuron disease causes disabling morbidities. A limiting step in functional recovery is the regeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) for reinnervation. Stem cells have the potential to promote these regenerative processes, but current approaches have limited success, and the optimal types of stem cells remain to be determined. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), as the developmental precursors of the peripheral nervous system, are uniquely advantageous, but the role of NCSCs in neuromuscular regeneration is not clear. Furthermore, a cell delivery approach that can maintain NCSC survival upon transplantation is critical. METHODS We established a streamlined protocol to derive, isolate, and characterize functional p75+ NCSCs from human iPSCs without genome integration of reprogramming factors. To enhance survival rate upon delivery in vivo, NCSCs were centrifuged in microwell plates to form spheroids of desirable size by controlling suspension cell density. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were also studied for comparison. NCSC or MSC spheroids were injected into the gastrocnemius muscle with denervation injury, and the effects on NMJ formation and functional recovery were investigated. The spheroids were also co-cultured with engineered neuromuscular tissue to assess effects on NMJ formation in vitro. RESULTS NCSCs cultured in spheroids displayed enhanced secretion of soluble factors involved in neuromuscular regeneration. Intramuscular transplantation of spheroids enabled long-term survival and retention of NCSCs, in contrast to the transplantation of single-cell suspensions. Furthermore, NCSC spheroids significantly improved functional recovery after four weeks as shown by gait analysis, electrophysiology, and the rate of NMJ innervation. MSC spheroids, on the other hand, had insignificant effect. In vitro co-culture of NCSC or MSC spheroids with engineered myotubes and motor neurons further evidenced improved innervated NMJ formation with NCSC spheroids. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that stem cell type is critical for neuromuscular regeneration and that NCSCs have a distinct advantage and therapeutic potential to promote reinnervation following peripheral nerve injury. Biophysical effects of spheroidal culture, in particular, enable long-term NCSC survival following in vivo delivery. Furthermore, synthetic neuromuscular tissue, or "tissues-on-a-chip," may offer a platform to evaluate stem cells for neuromuscular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeeAnn K Li
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wen-Chin Huang
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yuan-Yu Hsueh
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ken Yamauchi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Natalie Olivares
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Raul Davila
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jun Fang
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xili Ding
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Weikang Zhao
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jennifer Soto
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mahdi Hasani
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bennett Novitch
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Song Li
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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41
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Möller E, Praz V, Rajendran S, Dong R, Cauderay A, Xing YH, Lee L, Fusco C, Broye LC, Cironi L, Iyer S, Rengarajan S, Awad ME, Naigles B, Letovanec I, Ormas N, Finzi G, La Rosa S, Sessa F, Chebib I, Petur Nielsen G, Digklia A, Spentzos D, Cote GM, Choy E, Aryee M, Stamenkovic I, Boulay G, Rivera MN, Riggi N. EWSR1-ATF1 dependent 3D connectivity regulates oncogenic and differentiation programs in Clear Cell Sarcoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2267. [PMID: 35477713 PMCID: PMC9046276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic fusion proteins generated by chromosomal translocations play major roles in cancer. Among them, fusions between EWSR1 and transcription factors generate oncogenes with powerful chromatin regulatory activities, capable of establishing complex gene expression programs in permissive precursor cells. Here we define the epigenetic and 3D connectivity landscape of Clear Cell Sarcoma, an aggressive cancer driven by the EWSR1-ATF1 fusion gene. We find that EWSR1-ATF1 displays a distinct DNA binding pattern that requires the EWSR1 domain and promotes ATF1 retargeting to new distal sites, leading to chromatin activation and the establishment of a 3D network that controls oncogenic and differentiation signatures observed in primary CCS tumors. Conversely, EWSR1-ATF1 depletion results in a marked reconfiguration of 3D connectivity, including the emergence of regulatory circuits that promote neural crest-related developmental programs. Taken together, our study elucidates the epigenetic mechanisms utilized by EWSR1-ATF1 to establish regulatory networks in CCS, and points to precursor cells in the neural crest lineage as candidate cells of origin for these tumors. The relationship between cellular histogenesis and molecular phenotypes for the EWSR1- ATF1 fusion in clear cell sarcoma (CCS) requires further characterization. Here, the authors investigate the EWSR1-ATF1 gene regulation networks in CCS cell lines, primary tumors, and mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emely Möller
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Praz
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sanalkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Cauderay
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Hang Xing
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lukuo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane C Broye
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Cironi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shruthi Rengarajan
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mary E Awad
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Beverly Naigles
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Department of Histopathology, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Ormas
- Department of Pathology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanna Finzi
- Department of Pathology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ivan Chebib
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Spentzos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory M Cote
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Aryee
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaylor Boulay
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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42
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Schwann Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment: Need More Attention. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1058667. [PMID: 35186076 PMCID: PMC8853772 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1058667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), which is composed of various cell components and signaling molecules, plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of tumors and has become the central issue of current cancer research. In recent years, as a part of the TME, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has attracted increasing attention. Moreover, emerging evidence shows that Schwann cells (SCs), which are the most important glial cells in the PNS, are not simply spectators in the TME. In this review article, we focused on the up-to-date research progress on SCs in the TME and introduced our point of view. In detail, we described that under two main tumor-nerve interaction patterns, perineural invasion (PNI) and tumor innervation, SCs were reprogrammed and acted as important participants. We also investigated the newest mechanisms between the interactions of SCs and tumor cells. In addition, SCs can have profound impacts on other cellular components in the TME, such as immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), involving immune regulation, tumor-related pain, and nerve remodeling. Overall, these innovative statements can expand the scope of the TME, help fully understand the significant role of SCs in the tumor-nerve-immune axis, and propose enlightenments to innovate antitumor therapeutic methods and future research.
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43
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Jessen KR, Mirsky R. The Role of c-Jun and Autocrine Signaling Loops in the Control of Repair Schwann Cells and Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:820216. [PMID: 35221918 PMCID: PMC8863656 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.820216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
After nerve injury, both Schwann cells and neurons switch to pro-regenerative states. For Schwann cells, this involves reprogramming of myelin and Remak cells to repair Schwann cells that provide the signals and mechanisms needed for the survival of injured neurons, myelin clearance, axonal regeneration and target reinnervation. Because functional repair cells are essential for regeneration, it is unfortunate that their phenotype is not robust. Repair cell activation falters as animals get older and the repair phenotype fades during chronic denervation. These malfunctions are important reasons for the poor outcomes after nerve damage in humans. This review will discuss injury-induced Schwann cell reprogramming and the concept of the repair Schwann cell, and consider the molecular control of these cells with emphasis on c-Jun. This transcription factor is required for the generation of functional repair cells, and failure of c-Jun expression is implicated in repair cell failures in older animals and during chronic denervation. Elevating c-Jun expression in repair cells promotes regeneration, showing in principle that targeting repair cells is an effective way of improving nerve repair. In this context, we will outline the emerging evidence that repair cells are sustained by autocrine signaling loops, attractive targets for interventions aimed at promoting regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan R. Jessen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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44
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Lynch E, Peek E, Reilly M, FitzGibbons C, Robertson S, Suzuki M. Current Progress in the Creation, Characterization, and Application of Human Stem Cell-derived in Vitro Neuromuscular Junction Models. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:768-780. [PMID: 34212303 PMCID: PMC8720113 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are of great value for studying developmental processes, disease modeling, and drug testing. One area in which the use of human PSCs has become of great interest in recent years is for in vitro models of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The NMJ is a synapse at which a motor neuron releases acetylcholine to bind to skeletal muscle and stimulate contraction. Degeneration of the NMJ and subsequent loss of muscle function is a common feature of many neuromuscular diseases such as myasthenia gravis, spinal muscular atrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In order to develop new therapies for patients with neuromuscular diseases, it is essential to understand mechanisms taking place at the NMJ. However, we have limited ability to study the NMJ in living human patients, and animal models are limited by physiological relevance. Therefore, an in vitro model of the NMJ consisting of human cells is of great value. The use of stem cells for in vitro NMJ models is still in progress and requires further optimization in order to yield reliable, reproducible results. The objective of this review is (1) to outline the current progress towards fully PSC-derived in vitro co-culture models of the human NMJ and (2) to discuss future directions and challenges that must be overcome in order to create reproducible fully PSC-derived models that can be used for developmental studies, disease modeling, and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emma Peek
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Megan Reilly
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Claire FitzGibbons
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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45
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Li M, Min Q, Banton MC, Dun X. Single-Cell Regulatory Network Inference and Clustering Identifies Cell-Type Specific Expression Pattern of Transcription Factors in Mouse Sciatic Nerve. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:676515. [PMID: 34955748 PMCID: PMC8693779 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.676515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics methods allow for both the identification of cell types in a complex tissue and the large-scale gene expression profiling of various cell types in a mixture. In this report, we analyzed a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset for the intact adult mouse sciatic nerve and examined cell-type specific transcription factor expression and activity during peripheral nerve homeostasis. In total, we identified 238 transcription factors expressed in nine different cell types of intact mouse sciatic nerve. Vascular smooth muscle cells have the lowest number of transcription factors expressed with 17 transcription factors identified. Myelinating Schwann cells (mSCs) have the highest number of transcription factors expressed, with 61 transcription factors identified. We created a cell-type specific expression map for the identified 238 transcription factors. Our results not only provide valuable information about the expression pattern of transcription factors in different cell types of adult peripheral nerves but also facilitate future studies to understand the function of key transcription factors in the peripheral nerve homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qing Min
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Matthew C Banton
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Xinpeng Dun
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.,The Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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46
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Borniger JC. Cancer as a tool for preclinical psychoneuroimmunology. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100351. [PMID: 34988496 PMCID: PMC8710415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a novel homeostatic challenge to the host system. How the brain senses and responds to changes in peripheral physiology elicited by tumor growth is a largely untapped area of research. This is especially relevant given the widespread prevalence of systemic problems that people with various types of cancer experience. These include disruptions in sleep/wake cycles, cognitive function, depression, and changes in appetite/food intake, among others. Critically, many of these problems are evident prior to diagnosis, indicating that their etiology is potentially distinct from the effects of cancer treatment or the stress of a cancer diagnosis. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is well equipped to tackle these types of problems, as it uses approaches from multiple disciplines to understand how specific stimuli (endogenous and environmental) are transduced into neural, endocrine, and immune signals that ultimately regulate health and behavior. In this article, I first provide a brief historical perspective of cancer and PNI, introduce the idea of cancer as a systemic homeostatic challenge, and provide examples from preclinical literature supporting this hypothesis. Given the rise of advanced tools in neuroscience (e.g., calcium imaging), we can now monitor and manipulate genetically defined neural circuits over the extended time scales necessary to disentangle distal communication between peripheral tumors and the brain.
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47
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Perineural Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236011. [PMID: 34885121 PMCID: PMC8656475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of oral cavity cancer. It can spread along and invade nerves in a process called perineural invasion. Perineural invasion can increase the chances of tumor recurrence and reduce survival in patients with oral cancer. Understanding how oral cancer interacts with nerves to facilitate perineural invasion is an important area of research. Targeting key events that contribute to perineural invasion in oral cavity cancer may reduce tumor recurrence and improve survival. In this review, we describe the impact of perineural invasion in oral cancer and the mechanisms that contribute to perineural invasion. Highlighting the key events of perineural invasion is important for the identification and testing of novel therapies for oral cancer with perineural invasion. Abstract The most common oral cavity cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), of which perineural invasion (PNI) is a significant prognostic factor associated with decreased survival and an increased rate of locoregional recurrence. In the classical theory of PNI, cancer was believed to invade nerves directly through the path of least resistance in the perineural space; however, more recent evidence suggests that PNI requires reciprocal signaling interactions between tumor cells and nerve components, particularly Schwann cells. Specifically, head and neck SCC can express neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors that may contribute to cancer migration towards nerves, PNI, and neuritogenesis towards cancer. Through reciprocal signaling, recent studies also suggest that Schwann cells may play an important role in promoting PNI by migrating toward cancer cells, intercalating, and dispersing cancer, and facilitating cancer migration toward nerves. The interactions of neurotrophins with their high affinity receptors is a new area of interest in the development of pharmaceutical therapies for many types of cancer. In this comprehensive review, we discuss diagnosis and treatment of oral cavity SCC, how PNI affects locoregional recurrence and survival, and the impact of adjuvant therapies on tumors with PNI. We also describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with PNI, including the expression of neurotrophins and their receptors, and highlight potential targets for therapeutic intervention for PNI in oral SCC.
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48
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Shen Y, Cheng Z, Chen S, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Yi S. Dysregulated miR-29a-3p/PMP22 Modulates Schwann Cell Proliferation and Migration During Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1058-1072. [PMID: 34837628 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells switch to a repair phenotype following peripheral nerve injury and create a favorable microenvironment to drive nerve repair. Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed in the injured peripheral nerves and play essential roles in regulating Schwann cell behaviors. Here, we examine the temporal expression patterns of miR-29a-3p after peripheral nerve injury and demonstrate significant up-regulation of miR-29a-3p in injured sciatic nerves. Elevated miR-29a-3p inhibits Schwann cell proliferation and migration, while suppressed miR-29a-3p executes reverse effects. In vivo injection of miR-29a-3p agomir to rat sciatic nerves hinders the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells, delays the elongation and myelination of axons, and retards the functional recovery of injured nerves. Mechanistically, miR-29a-3p modulates Schwann cell activities via negatively regulating peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22), and PMP22 extensively affects Schwann cell metabolism. Our results disclose the vital role of miR-29a-3p/PMP22 in regulating Schwann cell phenotype following sciatic nerve injury and shed light on the mechanistic basis of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sailing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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49
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Jha MK, Passero JV, Rawat A, Ament XH, Yang F, Vidensky S, Collins SL, Horton MR, Hoke A, Rutter GA, Latremoliere A, Rothstein JD, Morrison BM. Macrophage monocarboxylate transporter 1 promotes peripheral nerve regeneration after injury in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e141964. [PMID: 34491913 DOI: 10.1172/jci141964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves have the capacity for regeneration, but the rate of regeneration is so slow that many nerve injuries lead to incomplete recovery and permanent disability for patients. Macrophages play a critical role in the peripheral nerve response to injury, contributing to both Wallerian degeneration and nerve regeneration, and their function has recently been shown to be dependent on intracellular metabolism. To date, the impact of their intracellular metabolism on peripheral nerve regeneration has not been studied. We examined conditional transgenic mice with selective ablation in macrophages of solute carrier family 16, member 1 (Slc16a1), which encodes monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), and found that MCT1 contributed to macrophage metabolism, phenotype, and function, specifically in regard to phagocytosis and peripheral nerve regeneration. Adoptive cell transfer of wild-type macrophages ameliorated the impaired nerve regeneration in macrophage-selective MCT1-null mice. We also developed a mouse model that overexpressed MCT1 in macrophages and found that peripheral nerves in these mice regenerated more rapidly than in control mice. Our study provides further evidence that MCT1 has an important biological role in macrophages and that manipulations of macrophage metabolism can enhance recovery from peripheral nerve injuries, for which there are currently no approved medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samuel L Collins
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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50
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Parker BJ, Rhodes DI, O'Brien CM, Rodda AE, Cameron NR. Nerve guidance conduit development for primary treatment of peripheral nerve transection injuries: A commercial perspective. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:64-86. [PMID: 34492374 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Commercial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) for repair of peripheral nerve discontinuities are of little use in gaps larger than 30 mm, and for smaller gaps they often fail to compete with the autografts that they are designed to replace. While recent research to develop new technologies for use in NGCs has produced many advanced designs with seemingly positive functional outcomes in animal models, these advances have not been translated into viable clinical products. While there have been many detailed reviews of the technologies available for creating NGCs, none of these have focussed on the requirements of the commercialisation process which are vital to ensure the translation of a technology from bench to clinic. Consideration of the factors essential for commercial viability, including regulatory clearance, reimbursement processes, manufacturability and scale up, and quality management early in the design process is vital in giving new technologies the best chance at achieving real-world impact. Here we have attempted to summarise the major components to consider during the development of emerging NGC technologies as a guide for those looking to develop new technology in this domain. We also examine a selection of the latest academic developments from the viewpoint of clinical translation, and discuss areas where we believe further work would be most likely to bring new NGC technologies to the clinic. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: NGCs for peripheral nerve repairs represent an adaptable foundation with potential to incorporate modifications to improve nerve regeneration outcomes. In this review we outline the regulatory processes that functionally distinct NGCs may need to address and explore new modifications and the complications that may need to be addressed during the translation process from bench to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradyn J Parker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - David I Rhodes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; ReNerve Pty. Ltd., Brunswick East 3057, Australia
| | - Carmel M O'Brien
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Science, Technology, Research and innovation Precinct (STRIP), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew E Rodda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Neil R Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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