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Bacha-Trams M, Yorulmaz GE, Glerean E, Ryyppö E, Tapani K, Virmavirta E, Saaristo J, Jääskeläinen IP, Sams M. Sisterhood predicts similar neural processing of a film. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120712. [PMID: 38945181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Relationships between humans are essential for how we see the world. Using fMRI, we explored the neural basis of homophily, a sociological concept that describes the tendency to bond with similar others. Our comparison of brain activity between sisters, friends and acquaintances while they watched a movie, indicate that sisters' brain activity is more similar than that of friends and friends' activity is more similar than that of acquaintances. The increased similarity in brain activity measured as inter-subject correlation (ISC) was found both in higher-order brain areas including the default-mode network (DMN) and sensory areas. Increased ISC could not be explained by genetic relation between sisters neither by similarities in eye-movements, emotional experiences, and physiological activity. Our findings shed light on the neural basis of homophily by revealing that similarity in brain activity in the DMN and sensory areas is the stronger the closer is the relationship between the people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Bacha-Trams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Institute of Research Methods in Psychology - Media-based Knowledge Construction, Computer Science and Applied Cognitive Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
| | - Gökce Ertas Yorulmaz
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Elisa Ryyppö
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Karoliina Tapani
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eero Virmavirta
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jenni Saaristo
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Aalto Studios - MAGICS, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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2
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Chen Y, Yan J, Jiang M, Zhang T, Zhao Z, Zhao W, Zheng J, Yao D, Zhang R, Kendrick KM, Jiang X. Adversarial Learning Based Node-Edge Graph Attention Networks for Autism Spectrum Disorder Identification. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2024; 35:7275-7286. [PMID: 35286265 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2022.3154755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have received increasing interest in the medical imaging field given their powerful graph embedding ability to characterize the non-Euclidean structure of brain networks based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. However, previous studies are largely node-centralized and ignore edge features for graph classification tasks, resulting in moderate performance of graph classification accuracy. Moreover, the generalizability of GNN model is still far from satisfactory in brain disorder [e.g., autism spectrum disorder (ASD)] identification due to considerable individual differences in symptoms among patients as well as data heterogeneity among different sites. In order to address the above limitations, this study proposes a novel adversarial learning-based node-edge graph attention network (AL-NEGAT) for ASD identification based on multimodal MRI data. First, both node and edge features are modeled based on structural and functional MRI data to leverage complementary brain information and preserved in the constructed weighted adjacent matrix for individuals through the attention mechanism in the proposed NEGAT. Second, two AL methods are employed to improve the generalizability of NEGAT. Finally, a gradient-based saliency map strategy is utilized for model interpretation to identify important brain regions and connections contributing to the classification. Experimental results based on the public Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I) data demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves a classification accuracy of 74.7% between ASD and typical developing (TD) groups based on 1007 subjects across 17 different sites and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, indicating satisfying classification ability and generalizability of the proposed AL-NEGAT model. Our work provides a powerful tool for brain disorder identification.
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3
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Li C, Hu J. Relatively Inefficient Integration of Metaphorical Semantics in Autistic Adults Without Intellectual Impairment. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2254-2265. [PMID: 37014459 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Individuals diagnosed with autism are often thought to face challenges in comprehensive metaphors, even for the individuals without intellectual impairment. This study is to investigate the features and mechanisms of metaphor integration in the process of metaphor comprehension in real-time and context-free situations in autism, as well as the influence of the mental complexity of metaphor. Twenty autistic adults and twenty typically developing peers carried out a Lexical Decision Task and a Recognition Task. The results of the study showed that, there are deficiencies in real-time metaphor comprehension in autistic adults without intellectual impairment. It may caused by their relatively inefficient integration of metaphor semantics. This mechanism was equally pronounced in the metaphors with different mental complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshi Li
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
| | - Jinsheng Hu
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
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4
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Kronberg G, Ceceli AO, Huang Y, Gaudreault PO, King SG, McClain N, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Naturalistic drug cue reactivity in heroin use disorder: orbitofrontal synchronization as a marker of craving and recovery. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.11.02.23297937. [PMID: 37961156 PMCID: PMC10635268 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.23297937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Movies captivate groups of individuals (the audience), especially if they contain themes of common motivational interest to the group. In drug addiction, a key mechanism is maladaptive motivational salience attribution whereby drug cues outcompete other reinforcers within the same environment or context. We predicted that while watching a drug-themed movie, where cues for drugs and other stimuli share a continuous narrative context, fMRI responses in individuals with heroin use disorder (iHUD) will preferentially synchronize during drug scenes. Results revealed such drug-biased synchronization in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventromedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and insula. After 15 weeks of inpatient treatment, there was a significant reduction in this drug-biased shared response in the OFC, which correlated with a concomitant reduction in dynamically-measured craving, suggesting synchronized OFC responses to a drug-themed movie as a neural marker of craving and recovery in iHUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Kronberg
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ahmet O Ceceli
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Sarah G King
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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5
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Tkalcec A, Bierlein M, Seeger-Schneider G, Walitza S, Jenny B, Menks WM, Felhbaum LV, Borbas R, Cole DM, Raschle N, Herbrecht E, Stadler C, Cubillo A. Empathy deficits, callous-unemotional traits and structural underpinnings in autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorder youth. Autism Res 2023; 16:1946-1962. [PMID: 37548142 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Distinct empathy deficits are often described in patients with conduct disorder (CD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yet their neural underpinnings and the influence of comorbid Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits are unclear. This study compares the cognitive (CE) and affective empathy (AE) abilities of youth with CD and ASD, their potential neuroanatomical correlates, and the influence of CU traits on empathy. Adolescents and parents/caregivers completed empathy questionnaires (N = 148 adolescents, mean age = 15.16 years) and T1 weighted images were obtained from a subsample (N = 130). Group differences in empathy and the influence of CU traits were investigated using Bayesian analyses and Voxel-Based Morphometry with Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement focusing on regions involved in AE (insula, amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus and cingulate cortex) and CE processes (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, superior temporal gyrus, and precuneus). The ASD group showed lower parent-reported AE and CE scores and lower self-reported CE scores while the CD group showed lower parent-reported CE scores than controls. When accounting for the influence of CU traits no AE deficits in ASD and CE deficits in CD were found, but CE deficits in ASD remained. Across all participants, CU traits were negatively associated with gray matter volumes in anterior cingulate which extends into the mid cingulate, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. Thus, although co-occurring CU traits have been linked to global empathy deficits in reports and underlying brain structures, its influence on empathy aspects might be disorder-specific. Investigating the subdimensions of empathy may therefore help to identify disorder-specific empathy deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Tkalcec
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Bierlein
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gudrun Seeger-Schneider
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinic, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinic, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Jenny
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinic, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Willeke M Menks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, and Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Psychology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lynn V Felhbaum
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reka Borbas
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David M Cole
- Translational Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora Raschle
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evelyn Herbrecht
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Stadler
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Cubillo
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Deserno MK, Bathelt J, Groenman AP, Geurts HM. Probing the overarching continuum theory: data-driven phenotypic clustering of children with ASD or ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1909-1923. [PMID: 35687205 PMCID: PMC10533623 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The clinical validity of the distinction between ADHD and ASD is a longstanding discussion. Recent advances in the realm of data-driven analytic techniques now enable us to formally investigate theories aiming to explain the frequent co-occurrence of these neurodevelopmental conditions. In this study, we probe different theoretical positions by means of a pre-registered integrative approach of novel classification, subgrouping, and taxometric techniques in a representative sample (N = 434), and replicate the results in an independent sample (N = 219) of children (ADHD, ASD, and typically developing) aged 7-14 years. First, Random Forest Classification could predict diagnostic groups based on questionnaire data with limited accuracy-suggesting some remaining overlap in behavioral symptoms between them. Second, community detection identified four distinct groups, but none of them showed a symptom profile clearly related to either ADHD or ASD in neither the original sample nor the replication sample. Third, taxometric analyses showed evidence for a categorical distinction between ASD and typically developing children, a dimensional characterization of the difference between ADHD and typically developing children, and mixed results for the distinction between the diagnostic groups. We present a novel framework of cutting-edge statistical techniques which represent recent advances in both the models and the data used for research in psychiatric nosology. Our results suggest that ASD and ADHD cannot be unambiguously characterized as either two separate clinical entities or opposite ends of a spectrum, and highlight the need to study ADHD and ASD traits in tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Deserno
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Centre (d'Arc), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
| | - J Bathelt
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Centre (d'Arc), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - A P Groenman
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Centre (d'Arc), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H M Geurts
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Centre (d'Arc), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leo Kannerhuis, Amsterdam (Youz, Parnassiagroep), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Tikka P, Kaipainen M, Salmi J. Narrative simulation of social experiences in naturalistic context - A neurocinematic approach. Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108654. [PMID: 37507066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Narratives may be regarded as simulations of everyday social situations. They are key to studying the human mind in socio-culturally determined contexts as they allow anchoring to the common ground of embodied and environmentally-engaged cognition. Here we review recent findings from naturalistic neuroscience on neural functions in conditions that mimic lifelike situations. We will focus particularly on neurocinematics, a research field that applies mediated narratives as stimuli for neuroimaging experiments. During the last two decades, this paradigm has contributed to an accumulation of insights about the neural underpinnings of behavior and sense-making in various narratively contextualized situations particularly pertaining to socio-emotional encounters. One of the key questions in neurocinematics is, how do intersubjectively synchronized brain activations relate to subjective experiences? Another question we address is how to bring natural contexts into experimental studies. Seeking to respond to both questions, we suggest neurocinematic studies to examine three manifestations of the same phenomenon side-by-side: subjective experiences of narrative situations, unfolding of narrative stimulus structure, and neural processes that co-constitute the experience. This approach facilitates identifying experientially meaningful activity patterns in the brain and points out what they may mean in relation to shared and communicable contents. Via rich-featured and temporally contextualized narrative stimuli, neurocinematics attempts to contribute to emerging holistic theories of neural dynamics and connectomics explaining typical and atypical interindividual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Tikka
- Enactive Virtuality Lab, Baltic School of Film, Media and Arts, Tallinn University, Estonia.
| | | | - Juha Salmi
- Translational Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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8
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Hudson M, Santavirta S, Putkinen V, Seppälä K, Sun L, Karjalainen T, Karlsson HK, Hirvonen J, Nummenmaa L. Neural responses to biological motion distinguish autistic and schizotypal traits. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad011. [PMID: 36847146 PMCID: PMC10032360 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in social interactions characterize both autism and schizophrenia and are correlated in the neurotypical population. It is unknown whether this represents a shared etiology or superficial phenotypic overlap. Both conditions exhibit atypical neural activity in response to the perception of social stimuli and decreased neural synchronization between individuals. This study investigated if neural activity and neural synchronization associated with biological motion perception are differentially associated with autistic and schizotypal traits in the neurotypical population. Participants viewed naturalistic social interactions while hemodynamic brain activity was measured with fMRI, which was modeled against a continuous measure of the extent of biological motion. General linear model analysis revealed that biological motion perception was associated with neural activity across the action observation network. However, intersubject phase synchronization analysis revealed neural activity to be synchronized between individuals in occipital and parietal areas but desynchronized in temporal and frontal regions. Autistic traits were associated with decreased neural activity (precuneus and middle cingulate gyrus), and schizotypal traits were associated with decreased neural synchronization (middle and inferior frontal gyri). Biological motion perception elicits divergent patterns of neural activity and synchronization, which dissociate autistic and schizotypal traits in the general population, suggesting that they originate from different neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hudson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Brain Research & Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Severi Santavirta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Vesa Putkinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Kerttu Seppälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Lihua Sun
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Tomi Karjalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Henry K Karlsson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- Medical Imaging Centre, Department of Radiology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33100, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
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9
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Yang B, Wang M, Zhou W, Wang X, Chen S, Potenza MN, Yuan LX, Dong GH. Disrupted network integration and segregation involving the default mode network in autism spectrum disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:309-319. [PMID: 36455716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the brain's default mode network (DMN) in the resting state are closely related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Module segmentation can effectively elucidate the neural mechanism of ASD and explore intra- and inter-network connections by means of the participation coefficient (PC). We used that resting-state fMRI data from 269 ASD patients and 340 healthy controls (HCs) in the current study. From the results, ASD subjects showed a significantly higher PC of the DMN than HC subjects. This difference was related to lower intra-module connections within the DMN and higher inter-network connections between the DMN and other networks. When the subjects were split into age groups, the results were verified in the 7-12- and 12-18-year-old age groups but not in the young adult group (18-25 years). When the subjects were divided according to different subtypes of ASD, the results were also observed in the classic autism and pervasive developmental disorder groups, but not in the Asperger disorder group. In conclusions, less developed network segregation in the DMN could be a valid biomarker for ASD. This provides network scientists with new insights into the intermodular connectivity configurations of complex networks from different dimensions in a systematic and comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine and the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine and the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Weiran Zhou
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine and the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiuqin Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine and the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Shuaiyu Chen
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine and the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | | | - Li-Xia Yuan
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine and the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine and the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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10
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Wu S, Wen Z, Yang W, Jiang C, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Zhou A, Liu X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang H, Lin F. Potential dynamic regional brain biomarkers for early discrimination of autism and language development delay in toddlers. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1097244. [PMID: 36699523 PMCID: PMC9869111 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1097244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The early diagnosis of autism in children is particularly important. However, there is no obvious objective indices for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially in toddlers aged 1-3 years with language development delay (LDD). The early differential diagnosis of ASD is challenging. Objective To examine differences in the dynamic characteristics of regional neural activity in toddlers with ASD and LDD, and whether the differences can be used as an imaging biomarker for the early differential diagnosis of ASD and LDD. Methods Dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) and dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) in 55 children with ASD and 31 with LDD, aged 1-3 years, were compared. The correlations between ASD symptoms and the values of dReHo/dALFF within regions showing significant between-group differences were analyzed in ASD group. We further assessed the accuracy of dynamic regional neural activity alterations to distinguish ASD from LDD using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results Compared with the LDD group, the ASD group showed increased dReHo in the left cerebellum_8/Crust2 and right cerebellum_Crust2, and decreased dReHo in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and post-central gyrus. Patients with ASD also exhibited decreased dALFF in the right middle temporal gyrus (MFG) and right precuneus. Moreover, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale score was negatively correlated with the dReHo of the left cerebellum_8/crust2 and right cerebellum_crust2. The dReHo value of the right MFG was negatively correlated with social self-help of the Autism Behavior Checklist score. Conclusion The pattern of resting-state regional neural activity variability was different between toddlers with ASD and those with LDD. Dynamic regional indices might be novel neuroimaging biomarkers that allow differentiation of ASD from LDD in toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjuan Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wen
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhong Yang
- Department of Radiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengcheng Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yurong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiqin Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinglian Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Hong Wang,
| | - Fuchun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,Fuchun Lin,
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11
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von Schwanenflug N, Koch SP, Krohn S, Broeders TAA, Lydon-Staley DM, Bassett DS, Schoonheim MM, Paul F, Finke C. Increased flexibility of brain dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad143. [PMID: 37188221 PMCID: PMC10176242 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis consistently show widespread changes in functional connectivity. Yet, alterations are heterogeneous across studies, underscoring the complexity of functional reorganization in multiple sclerosis. Here, we aim to provide new insights by applying a time-resolved graph-analytical framework to identify a clinically relevant pattern of dynamic functional connectivity reconfigurations in multiple sclerosis. Resting-state data from 75 patients with multiple sclerosis (N = 75, female:male ratio of 3:2, median age: 42.0 ± 11.0 years, median disease duration: 6 ± 11.4 years) and 75 age- and sex-matched controls (N = 75, female:male ratio of 3:2, median age: 40.2 ± 11.8 years) were analysed using multilayer community detection. Local, resting-state functional system and global levels of dynamic functional connectivity reconfiguration were characterized using graph-theoretical measures including flexibility, promiscuity, cohesion, disjointedness and entropy. Moreover, we quantified hypo- and hyper-flexibility of brain regions and derived the flexibility reorganization index as a summary measure of whole-brain reorganization. Lastly, we explored the relationship between clinical disability and altered functional dynamics. Significant increases in global flexibility (t = 2.38, PFDR = 0.024), promiscuity (t = 1.94, PFDR = 0.038), entropy (t = 2.17, PFDR = 0.027) and cohesion (t = 2.45, PFDR = 0.024) were observed in patients and were driven by pericentral, limbic and subcortical regions. Importantly, these graph metrics were correlated with clinical disability such that greater reconfiguration dynamics tracked greater disability. Moreover, patients demonstrate a systematic shift in flexibility from sensorimotor areas to transmodal areas, with the most pronounced increases located in regions with generally low dynamics in controls. Together, these findings reveal a hyperflexible reorganization of brain activity in multiple sclerosis that clusters in pericentral, subcortical and limbic areas. This functional reorganization was linked to clinical disability, providing new evidence that alterations of multilayer temporal dynamics play a role in the manifestation of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina von Schwanenflug
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10098, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Stefan P Koch
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Stephan Krohn
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10098, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Tommy A A Broeders
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - David M Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe 87501, NM, USA
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10098, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10017, Germany
| | - Carsten Finke
- Correspondence to: Carsten Finke Charité - Universitätsklinikum Berlin Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology Campus Mitte, Bonhoeffer Weg 3, 10098 Berlin, Germany E-mail:
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12
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Sigar P, Uddin LQ, Roy D. Altered global modular organization of intrinsic functional connectivity in autism arises from atypical node-level processing. Autism Res 2023; 16:66-83. [PMID: 36333956 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by restricted interests and repetitive behaviors as well as social-communication deficits. These traits are associated with atypicality of functional brain networks. Modular organization in the brain plays a crucial role in network stability and adaptability for neurodevelopment. Previous neuroimaging research demonstrates discrepancies in studies of functional brain modular organization in ASD. These discrepancies result from the examination of mixed age groups. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that while much attention has been given to deriving atlases and measuring the connections between nodes, within node information may also be crucial in determining altered modular organization in ASD compared with typical development (TD). However, altered modular organization originating from systematic nodal changes are yet to be explored in younger children with ASD. Here, we used graph-theoretical measures to fill this knowledge gap. To this end, we utilized multicenter resting-state fMRI data collected from 5 to 10-year-old children-34 ASD and 40 TD obtained from the Autism Brain Image Data Exchange (ABIDE) I and II. We demonstrate that alterations in topological roles and modular cohesiveness are the two key properties of brain regions anchored in default mode, sensorimotor, and salience networks, and primarily relate to social and sensory deficits in children with ASD. These results demonstrate that atypical global network organization in children with ASD arises from nodal role changes, and contribute to the growing body of literature suggesting that there is interesting information within nodes providing critical markers of functional brain networks in autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sigar
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Center, Manesar, India.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dipanjan Roy
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Center, Manesar, India.,School of AIDE, Centre for Brain Science and Applications, Karwar, India
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13
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Wang Z, Xu Y, Peng D, Gao J, Lu F. Brain functional activity-based classification of autism spectrum disorder using an attention-based graph neural network combined with gene expression. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:6407-6419. [PMID: 36587290 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex brain neurodevelopmental disorder related to brain activity and genetics. Most of the ASD diagnostic models perform feature selection at the group level without considering individualized information. Evidence has shown the unique topology of the individual brain has a fundamental impact on brain diseases. Thus, a data-constructing method fusing individual topological information and a corresponding classification model is crucial in ASD diagnosis and biomarker discovery. In this work, we trained an attention-based graph neural network (GNN) to perform the ASD diagnosis with the fusion of graph data. The results achieved an accuracy of 79.78%. Moreover, we found the model paid high attention to brain regions mainly involved in the social-brain circuit, default-mode network, and sensory perception network. Furthermore, by analyzing the covariation between functional magnetic resonance imaging data and gene expression, current studies detected several ASD-related genes (i.e. MUTYH, AADAT, and MAP2), and further revealed their links to image biomarkers. Our work demonstrated that the ASD diagnostic framework based on graph data and attention-based GNN could be an effective tool for ASD diagnosis. The identified functional features with high attention values may serve as imaging biomarkers for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengning Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Dawei Peng
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Fengmei Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
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14
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Yoon N, Huh Y, Lee H, Kim JI, Lee J, Yang CM, Jang S, Ahn YD, Oh MR, Lee DS, Kang H, Kim BN. Alterations in Social Brain Network Topology at Rest in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:1055-1068. [PMID: 36588440 PMCID: PMC9806512 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Underconnectivity in the resting brain is not consistent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is known that the functional connectivity of the default mode network is mainly decreased in childhood ASD. This study investigated the brain network topology as the changes in the connection strength and network efficiency in childhood ASD, including the early developmental stages. METHODS In this study, 31 ASD children aged 2-11 years were compared with 31 age and sex-matched children showing typical development. We explored the functional connectivity based on graph filtration by assessing the single linkage distance and global and nodal efficiencies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship between functional connectivity and clinical scores was also analyzed. RESULTS Underconnectivities within the posterior default mode network subregions and between the inferior parietal lobule and inferior frontal/superior temporal regions were observed in the ASD group. These areas significantly correlated with the clinical phenotypes. The global, local, and nodal network efficiencies were lower in children with ASD than in those with typical development. In the preschool-age children (2-6 years) with ASD, the anterior-posterior connectivity of the default mode network and cerebellar connectivity were reduced. CONCLUSION The observed topological reorganization, underconnectivity, and disrupted efficiency in the default mode network subregions and social function-related regions could be significant biomarkers of childhood ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Yoon
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Huh
- Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyoung Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lee
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Integrative Care Hub, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Mo Yang
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Jang
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yebin D Ahn
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Rim Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Li L, Su X, Zheng Q, Xiao J, Huang XY, Chen W, Yang K, Nie L, Yang X, Chen H, Shi S, Duan X. Cofluctuation analysis reveals aberrant default mode network patterns in adolescents and youths with autism spectrum disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4722-4732. [PMID: 35781734 PMCID: PMC9491294 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) approaches provide informative estimates of the functional architecture of the brain, and recently-proposed cofluctuation analysis temporally unwraps FC at every moment in time, providing refined information for quantifying brain dynamics. As a brain network disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was characterized by substantial alteration in FC, but the contribution of moment-to-moment-activity cofluctuations to the overall dysfunctional connectivity pattern in ASD remains poorly understood. Here, we used the cofluctuation approach to explore the underlying dynamic properties of FC in ASD, using a large multisite resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) dataset (ASD = 354, typically developing controls [TD] = 446). Our results verified that the networks estimated using high-amplitude frames were highly correlated with the traditional rsFC. Moreover, these frames showed higher average amplitudes in participants with ASD than those in the TD group. Principal component analysis was performed on the activity patterns in these frames and aggregated over all subjects. The first principal component (PC1) corresponds to the default mode network (DMN), and the PC1 coefficients were greater in participants with ASD than those in the TD group. Additionally, increased ASD symptom severity was associated with the increased coefficients, which may result in excessive internally oriented cognition and social cognition deficits in individuals with ASD. Our finding highlights the utility of cofluctuation approaches in prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders and verifies that the aberrant contribution of DMN to rsFC may underline the symptomatology in adolescents and youths with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of RadiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xiaoran Su
- Medical Imaging Department, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's HospitalChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Department of MRThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityWeihuiChina
| | - Qingyu Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Jinming Xiao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xin Yue Huang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Wan Chen
- Medical Imaging Department, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's HospitalChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Kaihua Yang
- Medical Imaging Department, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's HospitalChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lei Nie
- Medical Imaging Department, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's HospitalChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xin Yang
- Medical Imaging Department, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's HospitalChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huafu Chen
- Department of RadiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Shengli Shi
- Medical Imaging Department, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's HospitalChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xujun Duan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
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16
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Supekar K, Ryali S, Yuan R, Kumar D, de Los Angeles C, Menon V. Robust, Generalizable, and Interpretable Artificial Intelligence-Derived Brain Fingerprints of Autism and Social Communication Symptom Severity. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:643-653. [PMID: 35382930 PMCID: PMC9378793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is among the most pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders, yet the neurobiology of ASD is still poorly understood because inconsistent findings from underpowered individual studies preclude the identification of robust and interpretable neurobiological markers and predictors of clinical symptoms. METHODS We leverage multiple brain imaging cohorts and exciting recent advances in explainable artificial intelligence to develop a novel spatiotemporal deep neural network (stDNN) model, which identifies robust and interpretable dynamic brain markers that distinguish ASD from neurotypical control subjects and predict clinical symptom severity. RESULTS stDNN achieved consistently high classification accuracies in cross-validation analysis of data from the multisite ABIDE (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange) cohort (n = 834). Crucially, stDNN also accurately classified data from independent Stanford (n = 202) and GENDAAR (Gender Exploration of Neurogenetics and Development to Advanced Autism Research) (n = 90) cohorts without additional training. stDNN could not distinguish attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from neurotypical control subjects, highlighting the model's specificity. Explainable artificial intelligence revealed that brain features associated with the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and superior temporal sulcus, which anchor the default mode network, cognitive control, and human voice processing systems, respectively, most clearly distinguished ASD from neurotypical control subjects in the three cohorts. Furthermore, features associated with the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus nodes of the default mode network emerged as robust predictors of the severity of core social and communication deficits but not restricted/repetitive behaviors in ASD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, replicated across independent cohorts, reveal robust individualized functional brain fingerprints of ASD psychopathology, which could lead to more objective and precise phenotypic characterization and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Supekar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Srikanth Ryali
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Devinder Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Carlo de Los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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17
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Keles U, Kliemann D, Byrge L, Saarimäki H, Paul LK, Kennedy DP, Adolphs R. Atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults are heterogeneous across but reliable within individuals. Mol Autism 2022; 13:39. [PMID: 36153629 PMCID: PMC9508778 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across behavioral studies, autistic individuals show greater variability than typically developing individuals. However, it remains unknown to what extent this variability arises from heterogeneity across individuals, or from unreliability within individuals. Here, we focus on eye tracking, which provides rich dependent measures that have been used extensively in studies of autism. Autistic individuals have an atypical gaze onto both static visual images and dynamic videos that could be leveraged for diagnostic purposes if the above open question could be addressed. METHODS We tested three competing hypotheses: (1) that gaze patterns of autistic individuals are less reliable or noisier than those of controls, (2) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable but heterogeneous across autistic individuals, or (3) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable and also homogeneous among autistic individuals. We collected desktop-based eye tracking data from two different full-length television sitcom episodes, at two independent sites (Caltech and Indiana University), in a total of over 150 adult participants (N = 48 autistic individuals with IQ in the normal range, 105 controls) and quantified gaze onto features of the videos using automated computer vision-based feature extraction. RESULTS We found support for the second of these hypotheses. Autistic people and controls showed equivalently reliable gaze onto specific features of videos, such as faces, so much so that individuals could be identified significantly above chance using a fingerprinting approach from video epochs as short as 2 min. However, classification of participants into diagnostic groups based on their eye tracking data failed to produce clear group classifications, due to heterogeneity in the autistic group. LIMITATIONS Three limitations are the relatively small sample size, assessment across only two videos (from the same television series), and the absence of other dependent measures (e.g., neuroimaging or genetics) that might have revealed individual-level variability that was not evident with eye tracking. Future studies should expand to larger samples across longer longitudinal epochs, an aim that is now becoming feasible with Internet- and phone-based eye tracking. CONCLUSIONS These findings pave the way for the investigation of autism subtypes, and for elucidating the specific visual features that best discriminate gaze patterns-directions that will also combine with and inform neuroimaging and genetic studies of this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Keles
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
| | - Dorit Kliemann
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Lisa Byrge
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Heini Saarimäki
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lynn K Paul
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Daniel P Kennedy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
| | - Ralph Adolphs
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.,Chen Neuroscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
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18
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Wang Y, Fu Y, Luo X. Identification of Pathogenetic Brain Regions via Neuroimaging Data for Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:900330. [PMID: 35655751 PMCID: PMC9152096 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.900330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a kind of neurodevelopmental disorder that often occurs in children and has a hidden onset. Patients usually have lagged development of communication ability and social behavior and thus suffer an unhealthy physical and mental state. Evidence has indicated that diseases related to ASD have commonalities in brain imaging characteristics. This study aims to study the pathogenesis of ASD based on brain imaging data to locate the ASD-related brain regions. Specifically, we collected the functional magnetic resonance image data of 479 patients with ASD and 478 normal subjects matched in age and gender and used a machine-learning framework named random support vector machine cluster to extract distinctive brain regions from the preprocessed data. According to the experimental results, compared with other existing approaches, the method used in this study can more accurately distinguish patients from normal individuals based on brain imaging data. At the same time, this study found that the development of ASD was highly correlated with certain brain regions, e.g., lingual gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, medial gyrus, insular lobe, and olfactory cortex. This study explores the effectiveness of a novel machine-learning approach in the study of ASD brain imaging and provides a reference brain area for the medical research and clinical treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Language Information Processing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Xiangjiang Artificial Intelligence Academy, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Language Information Processing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Xiangjiang Artificial Intelligence Academy, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Fu
| | - Xun Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Language Information Processing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Xiangjiang Artificial Intelligence Academy, Changsha, China
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19
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Hakonen M, Ikäheimonen A, Hultèn A, Kauttonen J, Koskinen M, Lin FH, Lowe A, Sams M, Jääskeläinen IP. Processing of an Audiobook in the Human Brain Is Shaped by Cultural Family Background. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050649. [PMID: 35625035 PMCID: PMC9139798 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception of the same narrative can vary between individuals depending on a listener’s previous experiences. We studied whether and how cultural family background may shape the processing of an audiobook in the human brain. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 48 healthy volunteers from two different cultural family backgrounds listened to an audiobook depicting the intercultural social life of young adults with the respective cultural backgrounds. Shared cultural family background increased inter-subject correlation of hemodynamic activity in the left-hemispheric Heschl’s gyrus, insula, superior temporal gyrus, lingual gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, in the right-hemispheric lateral occipital and posterior cingulate cortices as well as in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus and precuneus. Thus, cultural family background is reflected in multiple areas of speech processing in the brain and may also modulate visual imagery. After neuroimaging, the participants listened to the narrative again and, after each passage, produced a list of words that had been on their minds when they heard the audiobook during neuroimaging. Cultural family background was reflected as semantic differences in these word lists as quantified by a word2vec-generated semantic model. Our findings may depict enhanced mutual understanding between persons who share similar cultural family backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hakonen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.I.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (I.P.J.)
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Arsi Ikäheimonen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.I.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (I.P.J.)
| | - Annika Hultèn
- Imaging Language, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Janne Kauttonen
- Digital Business, Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, 00520 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Miika Koskinen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Fa-Hsuan Lin
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Anastasia Lowe
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.I.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (I.P.J.)
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.I.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (I.P.J.)
- MAGICS Infrastructure, Aalto Studios, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P. Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.I.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (I.P.J.)
- International Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Sun L, Lukkarinen L, Noppari T, Nazari-Farsani S, Putkinen V, Seppälä K, Hudson M, Tani P, Lindberg N, Karlsson HK, Hirvonen J, Salomaa M, Venetjoki N, Lauerma H, Tiihonen J, Nummenmaa L. Aberrant motor contagion of emotions in psychopathy and high-functioning autism. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:374-384. [PMID: 35332920 PMCID: PMC9837606 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopathy and autism are both associated with aberrant social skills and empathy, yet only psychopaths are markedly antisocial and violent. Here, we compared the functional neural alterations underlying these two groups that both have aberrant empathetic abilities but distinct behavioral phenotypes. We studied 19 incarcerated male offenders with high psychopathic traits, 20 males with high-functioning autism, and 19 age-matched healthy controls. All groups underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while they viewed dynamic happy, angry, and disgusted faces or listened to laughter and crying sounds. Psychopathy was associated with reduced somatomotor responses to almost all expressions, while participants with autism demonstrated less marked and emotion-specific alterations in the somatomotor area. These data suggest that psychopathy and autism involve both common and distinct functional alterations in the brain networks involved in the socioemotional processing. The alterations are more profound in psychopathy, possibly reflecting the more severely disturbed socioemotional brain networks in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Corresponding author: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku FI-20521, Finland.
| | | | | | | | - Vesa Putkinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku FI-20521, Finland
| | - Kerttu Seppälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku FI-20521, Finland,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthew Hudson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku FI-20521, Finland
| | - Pekka Tani
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20251, Finland
| | - Marja Salomaa
- Psychiatric Hospital for Prisoners, Health Care Services for Prisoners, Turku FI-20251, Finland
| | - Niina Venetjoki
- Psychiatric Hospital for Prisoners, Health Care Services for Prisoners, Turku FI-20251, Finland
| | - Hannu Lauerma
- Psychiatric Hospital for Prisoners, Health Care Services for Prisoners, Turku FI-20251, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20251, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20251, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-11364, Sweden,Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm SE-11364, Sweden,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio FI-70240, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku FI-20521, Finland,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20521, Finland,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku FI-20251, Finland
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21
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Gracco VL, Sares AG, Koirala N. Structural brain network topological alterations in stuttering adults. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac058. [PMID: 35368614 PMCID: PMC8971894 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Persistent developmental stuttering is a speech disorder that primarily affects normal speech fluency but encompasses a complex set of symptoms ranging from reduced sensorimotor integration to socioemotional challenges. Here, we investigated the whole brain structural connectome and its topological alterations in adults who stutter. Diffusion weighted imaging data of 33 subjects (13 adults who stutter and 20 fluent speakers) was obtained along with a stuttering severity evaluation. The structural brain network properties were analyzed using Network-based statistics and graph theoretical measures particularly focusing on community structure, network hubs and controllability. Bayesian power estimation was used to assess the reliability of the structural connectivity differences by examining the effect size. The analysis revealed reliable and wide-spread decreases in connectivity for adults who stutter in regions associated with sensorimotor, cognitive, emotional, and memory-related functions. The community detection algorithms revealed different subnetworks for fluent speakers and adults who stutter, indicating considerable network adaptation in adults who stutter. Average and modal controllability differed between groups in a subnetwork encompassing frontal brain regions and parts of the basal ganglia.
The results revealed extensive structural network alterations and substantial adaptation in neural architecture in adults who stutter well beyond the sensorimotor network. These findings highlight the impact of the neurodevelopmental effects of persistent stuttering on neural organization and the importance of examining the full structural connectome and the network alterations that underscore the behavioral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L. Gracco
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA
- School of Communication Sciences & Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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22
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Fallahi A, Pooyan M, Habibabadi JM, Hashemi-Fesharaki SS, Tabatabaei NH, Ay M, Nazem-Zadeh MR. A novel approach for extracting functional brain networks involved in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy based on self organizing maps. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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23
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Cwiek A, Rajtmajer SM, Wyble B, Honavar V, Grossner E, Hillary FG. Feeding the machine: Challenges to reproducible predictive modeling in resting-state connectomics. Netw Neurosci 2022; 6:29-48. [PMID: 35350584 PMCID: PMC8942606 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this critical review, we examine the application of predictive models, for example, classifiers, trained using machine learning (ML) to assist in interpretation of functional neuroimaging data. Our primary goal is to summarize how ML is being applied and critically assess common practices. Our review covers 250 studies published using ML and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to infer various dimensions of the human functional connectome. Results for holdout ("lockbox") performance was, on average, ∼13% less accurate than performance measured through cross-validation alone, highlighting the importance of lockbox data, which was included in only 16% of the studies. There was also a concerning lack of transparency across the key steps in training and evaluating predictive models. The summary of this literature underscores the importance of the use of a lockbox and highlights several methodological pitfalls that can be addressed by the imaging community. We argue that, ideally, studies are motivated both by the reproducibility and generalizability of findings as well as the potential clinical significance of the insights. We offer recommendations for principled integration of machine learning into the clinical neurosciences with the goal of advancing imaging biomarkers of brain disorders, understanding causative determinants for health risks, and parsing heterogeneous patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cwiek
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Social Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sarah M. Rajtmajer
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Rock Ethics Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bradley Wyble
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Vasant Honavar
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emily Grossner
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Social Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Frank G. Hillary
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Social Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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24
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von Schwanenflug N, Krohn S, Heine J, Paul F, Prüss H, Finke C. State-dependent signatures of anti- N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcab298. [PMID: 35169701 PMCID: PMC8833311 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional static functional connectivity analyses have shown distinct functional network alterations in patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Here, we use a dynamic functional connectivity approach that increases the temporal resolution of connectivity analyses from minutes to seconds. We hereby explore the spatiotemporal variability of large-scale brain network activity in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis and assess the discriminatory power of functional brain states in a supervised classification approach. We included resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 57 patients and 61 controls to extract four discrete connectivity states and assess state-wise group differences in functional connectivity, dwell time, transition frequency, fraction time and occurrence rate. Additionally, for each state, logistic regression models with embedded feature selection were trained to predict group status in a leave-one-out cross-validation scheme. Compared to controls, patients exhibited diverging dynamic functional connectivity patterns in three out of four states mainly encompassing the default-mode network and frontal areas. This was accompanied by a characteristic shift in the dwell time pattern and higher volatility of state transitions in patients. Moreover, dynamic functional connectivity measures were associated with disease severity and positive and negative schizophrenia-like symptoms. Predictive power was highest in dynamic functional connectivity models and outperformed static analyses, reaching up to 78.6% classification accuracy. By applying time-resolved analyses, we disentangle state-specific functional connectivity impairments and characteristic changes in temporal dynamics not detected in static analyses, offering new perspectives on the functional reorganization underlying anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Finally, the correlation of dynamic functional connectivity measures with disease symptoms and severity demonstrates a clinical relevance of spatiotemporal connectivity dynamics in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina von Schwanenflug
- Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Krohn
- Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Heine
- Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Prüss
- Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Saarimäki H, Glerean E, Smirnov D, Mynttinen H, Jääskeläinen IP, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Classification of emotion categories based on functional connectivity patterns of the human brain. Neuroimage 2021; 247:118800. [PMID: 34896586 PMCID: PMC8803541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurophysiological and psychological models posit that emotions depend on connections across wide-spread corticolimbic circuits. While previous studies using pattern recognition on neuroimaging data have shown differences between various discrete emotions in brain activity patterns, less is known about the differences in functional connectivity. Thus, we employed multivariate pattern analysis on functional magnetic resonance imaging data (i) to develop a pipeline for applying pattern recognition in functional connectivity data, and (ii) to test whether connectivity patterns differ across emotion categories. Six emotions (anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and a neutral state were induced in 16 participants using one-minute-long emotional narratives with natural prosody while brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We computed emotion-wise connectivity matrices both for whole-brain connections and for 10 previously defined functionally connected brain subnetworks and trained an across-participant classifier to categorize the emotional states based on whole-brain data and for each subnetwork separately. The whole-brain classifier performed above chance level with all emotions except sadness, suggesting that different emotions are characterized by differences in large-scale connectivity patterns. When focusing on the connectivity within the 10 subnetworks, classification was successful within the default mode system and for all emotions. We thus show preliminary evidence for consistently different sustained functional connectivity patterns for instances of emotion categories particularly within the default mode system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Saarimäki
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Smirnov
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Henri Mynttinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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26
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Kotila A, Tohka J, Kauppi JP, Gabbatore I, Mäkinen L, Hurtig TM, Ebeling HE, Korhonen V, Kiviniemi VJ, Loukusa S. Neural-level associations of non-verbal pragmatic comprehension in young Finnish autistic adults. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 80:1909333. [PMID: 34027832 PMCID: PMC8158210 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2021.1909333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This video-based study examines the pragmatic non-verbal comprehension skills and corresponding neural-level findings in young Finnish autistic adults, and controls. Items from the Assessment Battery of Communication (ABaCo) were chosen to evaluate the comprehension of non-verbal communication. Inter-subject correlation (ISC) analysis of the functional magnetic resonance imaging data was used to reveal the synchrony of brain activation across participants during the viewing of pragmatically complex scenes of ABaCo videos. The results showed a significant difference between the ISC maps of the autistic and control groups in tasks involving the comprehension of non-verbal communication, thereby revealing several brain regions where correlation of brain activity was greater within the control group. The results suggest a possible weaker modulation of brain states in response to the pragmatic non-verbal communicative situations in autistic participants. Although there was no difference between the groups in behavioural responses to ABaCo items, there was more variability in the accuracy of the responses in the autistic group. Furthermore, mean answering and reaction times correlated with the severity of autistic traits. The results indicate that even if young autistic adults may have learned to use compensatory resources in their communicative-pragmatic comprehension, pragmatic processing in naturalistic situations still requires additional effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aija Kotila
- Faculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Tohka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Kauppi
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ilaria Gabbatore
- Faculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Leena Mäkinen
- Faculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula M. Hurtig
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University of Oulu
| | - Hanna E. Ebeling
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Korhonen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa J. Kiviniemi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging-lab, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Soile Loukusa
- Faculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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27
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Rose MC, Styr B, Schmid TA, Elie JE, Yartsev MM. Cortical representation of group social communication in bats. Science 2021; 374:eaba9584. [PMID: 34672724 PMCID: PMC8775406 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba9584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Social interactions occur in group settings and are mediated by communication signals that are exchanged between individuals, often using vocalizations. The neural representation of group social communication remains largely unexplored. We conducted simultaneous wireless electrophysiological recordings from the frontal cortices of groups of Egyptian fruit bats engaged in both spontaneous and task-induced vocal interactions. We found that the activity of single neurons distinguished between vocalizations produced by self and by others, as well as among specific individuals. Coordinated neural activity among group members exhibited stable bidirectional interbrain correlation patterns specific to spontaneous communicative interactions. Tracking social and spatial arrangements within a group revealed a relationship between social preferences and intra- and interbrain activity patterns. Combined, these findings reveal a dedicated neural repertoire for group social communication within and across the brains of freely communicating groups of bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimon C. Rose
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Boaz Styr
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tobias A. Schmid
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Julie E. Elie
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael M. Yartsev
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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28
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Kim JH, Kim J, Yeon J, Park JY, Chung D, Kim SP. Neural correlates of tactile hardness intensity perception during active grasping. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11760. [PMID: 34414027 PMCID: PMC8340901 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While tactile sensation plays an essential role in interactions with the surroundings, relatively little is known about the neural processes involved in the perception of tactile information. In particular, it remains unclear how different intensities of tactile hardness are represented in the human brain during object manipulation. This study aims to investigate neural responses to various levels of tactile hardness using functional magnetic resonance imaging while people grasp objects to perceive hardness intensity. We used four items with different hardness levels but otherwise identical in shape and texture. A total of Twenty-five healthy volunteers participated in this study. Before scanning, participants performed a behavioral task in which they received a pair of stimuli and they were to report the perceived difference of hardness between them. During scanning, without any visual information, they were randomly given one of the four objects and asked to grasp it. We found significant blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the posterior insula in the right hemisphere (rpIns) and the right posterior lobe of the cerebellum (rpCerebellum), which parametrically tracked hardness intensity. These responses were supported by BOLD signal changes in the rpCerebellum and rpIns correlating with tactile hardness intensity. Multidimensional scaling analysis showed similar representations of hardness intensity among physical, perceptual, and neural information. Our findings demonstrate the engagement of the rpCerebellum and rpIns in perceiving tactile hardness intensity during active object manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Kim
- Department of Industrial ICT Engineering, Dong Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yeon
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jang-Yeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongil Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Phil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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29
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Loomba N, Beckerson ME, Ammons CJ, Maximo JO, Kana RK. Corpus callosum size and homotopic connectivity in Autism spectrum disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 313:111301. [PMID: 34022542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By examining how morphology of the corpus callosum (CC) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may affect functional communication across hemispheres, we hope to provide new insights into the structure-function relationship in the brain. We used a sample of 94 participants from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) database (55 typically-developing (TD) and 39 with ASD). The CC was segmented into five sub-regions (anterior, mid-anterior, central, mid-posterior, posterior) using FreeSurfer software, which were further examined for group differences. The total volume and specific sub-region volumes of the CC, and interhemispheric (homotopic) functional connectivity were calculated, along with the relationship between volume and connectivity. These measures were correlated with social ability assessed by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). The central sub-region of CC was significantly smaller in ASD, although there was no group difference in total CC volume. ASD participants also showed stronger homotopic connectivity in the superior frontal gyrus. SRS scores were negatively correlated with the CC central sub-region volumes in ASD. The findings of this study add to the body of research showing morphological differences in the CC in ASD as well as connectivity differences. The absence of a significant relationship between structure and homotopic functional connectivity aligns with previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Loomba
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Meagan E Beckerson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States; Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Carla J Ammons
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jose O Maximo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavior Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rajesh K Kana
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States; Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.
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30
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Strindberg M, Fransson P, Cabral J, Ådén U. Spatiotemporally flexible subnetworks reveal the quasi-cyclic nature of integration and segregation in the human brain. Neuroimage 2021; 239:118287. [PMID: 34153450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the organization of functional brain networks is modular at its core, modularity does not capture the full range of dynamic interactions between individual brain areas nor at the level of subnetworks. In this paper we present a hierarchical model that represents both flexible and modular aspects of intrinsic brain organization across time by constructing spatiotemporally flexible subnetworks. We also demonstrate that segregation and integration are complementary and simultaneous events. The method is based on combining the instantaneous phase synchrony analysis (IPSA) framework with community detection to identify a small, yet representative set of subnetwork components at the finest level of spatial granularity. At the next level, subnetwork components are combined into spatiotemporally flexibly subnetworks where temporal lag in the recruitment of areas within subnetworks is captured. Since individual brain areas are permitted to be part of multiple interleaved subnetworks, both modularity as well as more flexible tendencies of connectivity are accommodated for in the model. Importantly, we show that assignment of subnetworks to the same community (integration) corresponds to positive phase coherence within and between subnetworks, while assignment to different communities (segregation) corresponds to negative phase coherence or orthogonality. Together with disintegration, i.e. the breakdown of internal coupling within subnetwork components, orthogonality facilitates reorganization between subnetworks. In addition, we show that the duration of periods of integration is a function of the coupling strength within subnetworks and subnetwork components which indicates an underlying metastable dynamical regime. Based on the main tendencies for either integration or segregation, subnetworks are further clustered into larger meta-networks that are shown to correspond to combinations of core resting-state networks. We also demonstrate that subnetworks and meta-networks are coarse graining strategies that captures the quasi-cyclic recurrence of global patterns of integration and segregation in the brain. Finally, the method allows us to estimate in broad terms the spectrum of flexible and/or modular tendencies for individual brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Strindberg
- Department of Women's and Children's health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Peter Fransson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Joana Cabral
- Life and health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ulrika Ådén
- Department of Women's and Children's health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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31
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Harikumar A, Evans DW, Dougherty CC, Carpenter KL, Michael AM. A Review of the Default Mode Network in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Brain Connect 2021; 11:253-263. [PMID: 33403915 PMCID: PMC8112713 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to examine the relationships between brain function and phenotypic features in neurodevelopmental disorders. Techniques such as resting-state functional connectivity (FC) have enabled the identification of the primary networks of the brain. One fMRI network, in particular, the default mode network (DMN), has been implicated in social-cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attentional deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Given the significant clinical and genetic overlap between ASD and ADHD, surprisingly, no reviews have compared the clinical, developmental, and genetic correlates of DMN in ASD and ADHD and here we address this knowledge gap. We find that, compared with matched controls, ASD studies show a mixed pattern of both stronger and weaker FC in the DMN and ADHD studies mostly show stronger FC. Factors such as age, intelligence quotient, medication status, and heredity affect DMN FC in both ASD and ADHD. We also note that most DMN studies make ASD versus ADHD group comparisons and fail to consider ASD+ADHD comorbidity. We conclude, by identifying areas for improvement and by discussing the importance of using transdiagnostic approaches such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) to fully account for the phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity and overlap of ASD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Harikumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to: Amritha Harikumar, Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6566 Main St, BRC 780B, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David W. Evans
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chase C. Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly L.H. Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew M. Michael
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Wang M, Huang J, Liu M, Zhang D. Modeling dynamic characteristics of brain functional connectivity networks using resting-state functional MRI. Med Image Anal 2021; 71:102063. [PMID: 33910109 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic network analysis using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) provides a great insight into fundamentally dynamic characteristics of human brains, thus providing an efficient solution to automated brain disease identification. Previous studies usually pay less attention to evolution of global network structures over time in each brain's rs-fMRI time series, and also treat network-based feature extraction and classifier training as two separate tasks. To address these issues, we propose a temporal dynamics learning (TDL) method for network-based brain disease identification using rs-fMRI time-series data, through which network feature extraction and classifier training are integrated into the unified framework. Specifically, we first partition rs-fMRI time series into a sequence of segments using overlapping sliding windows, and then construct longitudinally ordered functional connectivity networks. To model the global temporal evolution patterns of these successive networks, we introduce a group-fused Lasso regularizer in our TDL framework, while the specific network architecture is induced by an ℓ1-norm regularizer. Besides, we develop an efficient optimization algorithm to solve the proposed objective function via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Compared with previous studies, the proposed TDL model can not only explicitly model the evolving connectivity patterns of global networks over time, but also capture unique characteristics of each network defined at each segment. We evaluate our TDL on three real autism spectrum disorder (ASD) datasets with rs-fMRI data, achieving superior results in ASD identification compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Wang
- School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jiashuang Huang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Daoqiang Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
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Bathelt J, Geurts HM. Difference in default mode network subsystems in autism across childhood and adolescence. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 25:556-565. [PMID: 33246376 PMCID: PMC7874372 DOI: 10.1177/1362361320969258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Neuroimaging research has identified a network of brain regions that are more active when we daydream compared to when we are engaged in a task. This network has been named the default mode network. Furthermore, differences in the default mode network are the most consistent findings in neuroimaging research in autism. Recent studies suggest that the default mode network is composed of subnetworks that are tied to different functions, namely memory and understanding others' minds. In this study, we investigated if default mode network differences in autism are related to specific subnetworks of the default mode network and if these differences change across childhood and adolescence. Our results suggest that the subnetworks of the default mode network are less differentiated in autism in middle childhood compared to neurotypicals. By late adolescence, the default mode network subnetwork organisation was similar in the autistic and neurotypical groups. These findings provide a foundation for future studies to investigate if this developmental pattern relates to improvements in the integration of memory and social understanding as autistic children grow up.
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34
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Gaviria García V, Loaiza López D, Serna Rojas C, Ríos Arismendy S, Montoya Guevara E, Mora Lesmes JD, Gómez Oquendo FJ, Ochoa Gómez JF. Assessment of changes in the electrical activity of the brain during general anesthesia using portable electroencephalography. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5554/22562087.e956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The analysis of the electrical activity of the brain using scalp electrodes with electroencephalography (EEG) could reveal the depth of anesthesia of a patient during surgery. However, conventional EEG equipment, due to its price and size, are not a practical option for the operating room and the commercial units used in surgery do not provide access to the electrical activity. The availability of low-cost portable technologies could provide for further research on the brain activity under general anesthesia and facilitate our quest for new markers of depth of anesthesia.
Objective: To assess the capabilities of a portable EEG technology to capture brain rhythms associated with the state of consciousness and the general anesthesia status of surgical patients anesthetized with propofol.
Methods: Observational, cross-sectional trial that reviewed 10 EEG recordings captured using OpenBCI portable low-cost technology, in female patients undergoing general anesthesia with propofol. The signal from the frontal electrodes was analyzed with spectral analysis and the results were compared against the reports in the literature.
Results: The signal captured with frontal electrodes, particularly α rhythm, enabled the distinction between resting with eyes closed and with eyes opened in a conscious state, and sustained anesthesia during surgery.
Conclusions: It is possible to differentiate a resting state from sustained anesthesia, replicating previous findings with conventional technologies. These results pave the way to the use of portable technologies such as the OpenBCI tool, to explore the brain dynamics during anesthesia.
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Matić K, Op de Beeck H, Bracci S. It's not all about looks: The role of object shape in parietal representations of manual tools. Cortex 2020; 133:358-370. [PMID: 33186833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to build and expertly manipulate manual tools sets humans apart from other animals. Watching images of manual tools has been shown to elicit a distinct pattern of neural activity in a network of parietal areas, assumingly because tools entail a potential for action-a unique feature related to their functional use and not shared with other manipulable objects. However, a question has been raised whether this selectivity reflects a processing of low-level visual properties-such as elongated shape that is idiosyncratic to most tool-objects-rather than action-specific features. To address this question, we created and behaviourally validated a stimulus set that dissociates objects that are manipulable and nonmanipulable, as well as objects with different degrees of body extension property (tools and non-tools), while controlling for object shape and low-level image properties. We tested the encoding of action-related features by investigating neural representations in two parietal regions of interest (intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule) using functional MRI. Univariate differences between tools and non-tools were not observed when controlling for visual properties, but strong evidence for the action account was nevertheless revealed when using a multivariate approach. Overall, this study provides further evidence that the representational content in the dorsal visual stream reflects encoding of action-specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Matić
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hans Op de Beeck
- Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefania Bracci
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy; Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
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36
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Candini M, di Pellegrino G, Frassinetti F. The plasticity of the interpersonal space in autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychologia 2020; 147:107589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Flexible Coordinator and Switcher Hubs for Adaptive Task Control. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6949-6968. [PMID: 32732324 PMCID: PMC7470914 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2559-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC) studies have identified at least two large-scale neural systems that constitute cognitive control networks, the frontoparietal network (FPN) and cingulo-opercular network (CON). Control networks are thought to support goal-directed cognition and behavior. It was previously shown that the FPN flexibly shifts its global connectivity pattern according to task goal, consistent with a "flexible hub" mechanism for cognitive control. Our aim was to build on this finding to develop a functional cartography (a multimetric profile) of control networks in terms of dynamic network properties. We quantified network properties in (male and female) humans using a high-control-demand cognitive paradigm involving switching among 64 task sets. We hypothesized that cognitive control is enacted by the FPN and CON via distinct but complementary roles reflected in network dynamics. Consistent with a flexible "coordinator" mechanism, FPN connections were varied across tasks, while maintaining within-network connectivity to aid cross-region coordination. Consistent with a flexible "switcher" mechanism, CON regions switched to other networks in a task-dependent manner, driven primarily by reduced within-network connections to other CON regions. This pattern of results suggests FPN acts as a dynamic, global coordinator of goal-relevant information, while CON transiently disbands to lend processing resources to other goal-relevant networks. This cartography of network dynamics reveals a dissociation between two prominent cognitive control networks, suggesting complementary mechanisms underlying goal-directed cognition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cognitive control supports a variety of behaviors requiring flexible cognition, such as rapidly switching between tasks. Furthermore, cognitive control is negatively impacted in a variety of mental illnesses. We used tools from network science to characterize the implementation of cognitive control by large-scale brain systems. This revealed that two systems, the frontoparietal (FPN) and cingulo-opercular (CON) networks, have distinct but complementary roles in controlling global network reconfigurations. The FPN exhibited properties of a flexible coordinator (orchestrating task changes), while CON acted as a flexible switcher (switching specific regions to other systems to lend processing resources). These findings reveal an underlying distinction in cognitive processes that may be applicable to clinical, educational, and machine learning work targeting cognitive flexibility.
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38
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Temporal encoding of bacterial identity and traits in growth dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20202-20210. [PMID: 32747578 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008807117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In biology, it is often critical to determine the identity of an organism and phenotypic traits of interest. Whole-genome sequencing can be useful for this but has limited power for trait prediction. However, we can take advantage of the inherent information content of phenotypes to bypass these limitations. We demonstrate, in clinical and environmental bacterial isolates, that growth dynamics in standardized conditions can differentiate between genotypes, even among strains from the same species. We find that for pairs of isolates, there is little correlation between genetic distance, according to phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic distance, as determined by growth dynamics. This absence of correlation underscores the challenge in using genomics to infer phenotypes and vice versa. Bypassing this complexity, we show that growth dynamics alone can robustly predict antibiotic responses. These findings are a foundation for a method to identify traits not easily traced to a genetic mechanism.
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39
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Redcay E, Moraczewski D. Social cognition in context: A naturalistic imaging approach. Neuroimage 2020; 216:116392. [PMID: 31770637 PMCID: PMC7244370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social processing occurs within dynamic, complex, and multimodal contexts, but the study of social cognition typically involves static, artificial stimuli. Naturalistic approaches (e.g., movie viewing) can recapture the richness and complexity of real-world interactions. Novel analytic approaches allow for the investigation of functional brain organization in response to contextually embedded and extended events with a complex temporal structure during movie viewing or narrative processing. In addition to these within-brain measures, movies afford between-brain analyses such as inter-subject correlation, which allows for identification of stimulus-specific brain response through the correlation of brain activity between participants' brains. Research using these approaches offers both practical and theoretical advantages in understanding how we navigate our social world. Practically, movies are engaging stimuli that allow for more rapid presentation of multiple event types and improve compliance even in very young populations. Theoretically, studies have validated the use of these measures by demonstrating functional selectivity to contextually embedded stimuli. Naturalistic approaches also allow for novel insights. For example, regions associated with social cognition have longer temporal receptive windows, making them well suited to social-cognitive processes that require integration of information over longer timescales. Furthermore, the similarity in the temporal and spatial brain response between individuals during naturalistic viewing is related to age, predictive of friendships, and reduced in autism spectrum disorder. These findings offer first glimpses into the power of using these naturalistic, dynamic approaches to understand how we perceive, reason about, and interact with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Redcay
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Dustin Moraczewski
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Computation and Mathematics for Biological Networks, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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40
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Finn ES, Glerean E, Khojandi AY, Nielson D, Molfese PJ, Handwerker DA, Bandettini PA. Idiosynchrony: From shared responses to individual differences during naturalistic neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116828. [PMID: 32276065 PMCID: PMC7298885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two ongoing movements in human cognitive neuroscience have researchers shifting focus from group-level inferences to characterizing single subjects, and complementing tightly controlled tasks with rich, dynamic paradigms such as movies and stories. Yet relatively little work combines these two, perhaps because traditional analysis approaches for naturalistic imaging data are geared toward detecting shared responses rather than between-subject variability. Here, we review recent work using naturalistic stimuli to study individual differences, and advance a framework for detecting structure in idiosyncratic patterns of brain activity, or "idiosynchrony". Specifically, we outline the emerging technique of inter-subject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA), including its theoretical motivation and an empirical demonstration of how it recovers brain-behavior relationships during movie watching using data from the Human Connectome Project. We also consider how stimulus choice may affect the individual signal and discuss areas for future research. We argue that naturalistic neuroimaging paradigms have the potential to reveal meaningful individual differences above and beyond those observed during traditional tasks or at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Finn
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Arman Y Khojandi
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dylan Nielson
- Mood Brain & Development Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Molfese
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel A Handwerker
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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41
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Triana AM, Glerean E, Saramäki J, Korhonen O. Effects of spatial smoothing on group-level differences in functional brain networks. Netw Neurosci 2020; 4:556-574. [PMID: 32885115 PMCID: PMC7462426 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain connectivity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a popular approach for detecting differences between healthy and clinical populations. Before creating a functional brain network, the fMRI time series must undergo several preprocessing steps to control for artifacts and to improve data quality. However, preprocessing may affect the results in an undesirable way. Spatial smoothing, for example, is known to alter functional network structure. Yet, its effects on group-level network differences remain unknown. Here, we investigate the effects of spatial smoothing on the difference between patients and controls for two clinical conditions: autism spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder, considering fMRI data smoothed with Gaussian kernels (0–32 mm). We find that smoothing affects network differences between groups. For weighted networks, incrementing the smoothing kernel makes networks more different. For thresholded networks, larger smoothing kernels lead to more similar networks, although this depends on the network density. Smoothing also alters the effect sizes of the individual link differences. This is independent of the region of interest (ROI) size, but varies with link length. The effects of spatial smoothing are diverse, nontrivial, and difficult to predict. This has important consequences: The choice of smoothing kernel affects the observed network differences. Spatial smoothing is a preprocessing tool commonly applied to reduce the amount of noise in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. However, smoothing is known to affect the outcomes of functional brain network analysis at the level of individual subjects in undesired ways. Here, we investigate how spatial smoothing affects the observed differences in brain network structure between subject groups. Using fMRI data from two clinical populations and healthy controls, we show that the between-group differences in network structure depend on the amount of spatial smoothing applied during preprocessing in a nontrivial way. The optimal level of spatial smoothing is difficult to define and probably depends on a set of analysis parameters. Therefore, we recommend applying spatial smoothing only after careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Triana
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Saramäki
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Onerva Korhonen
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
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42
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Fasano MC, Glerean E, Gold BP, Sheng D, Sams M, Vuust P, Rauschecker JP, Brattico E. Inter-subject Similarity of Brain Activity in Expert Musicians After Multimodal Learning: A Behavioral and Neuroimaging Study on Learning to Play a Piano Sonata. Neuroscience 2020; 441:102-116. [PMID: 32569807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human behavior is inherently multimodal and relies on sensorimotor integration. This is evident when pianists exhibit activity in motor and premotor cortices, as part of a dorsal pathway, while listening to a familiar piece of music, or when naïve participants learn to play simple patterns on the piano. Here we investigated the interaction between multimodal learning and dorsal-stream activity over the course of four weeks in ten skilled pianists by adopting a naturalistic data-driven analysis approach. We presented the pianists with audio-only, video-only and audiovisual recordings of a piano sonata during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after they had learned to play the sonata by heart for a total of four weeks. We followed the learning process and its outcome with questionnaires administered to the pianists, one piano instructor following their training, and seven external expert judges. The similarity of the pianists' brain activity during stimulus presentations was examined before and after learning by means of inter-subject correlation (ISC) analysis. After learning, an increased ISC was found in the pianists while watching the audiovisual performance, particularly in motor and premotor regions of the dorsal stream. While these brain structures have previously been associated with learning simple audio-motor sequences, our findings are the first to suggest their involvement in learning a complex and demanding audiovisual-motor task. Moreover, the most motivated learners and the best performers of the sonata showed ISC in the dorsal stream and in the reward brain network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Fasano
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Benjamin P Gold
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreál, Canada
| | - Dana Sheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, USA
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Department of Computer Science, Alto University, Espoo, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Josef P Rauschecker
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, USA; Institute for Advanced Study, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira Brattico
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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43
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Tang S, Sun N, Floris DL, Zhang X, Di Martino A, Yeo BTT. Reconciling Dimensional and Categorical Models of Autism Heterogeneity: A Brain Connectomics and Behavioral Study. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:1071-1082. [PMID: 31955916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has hindered the development of biomarkers, thus motivating subtyping efforts. Most subtyping studies divide individuals with ASD into nonoverlapping (categorical) subgroups. However, continuous interindividual variation in ASD suggests that there is a need for a dimensional approach. METHODS A Bayesian model was employed to decompose resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of individuals with ASD into multiple abnormal RSFC patterns, i.e., categorical subtypes, henceforth referred to as "factors." Importantly, the model allowed each individual to express one or more factors to varying degrees (dimensional subtyping). The model was applied to 306 individuals with ASD (5.2-57 years of age) from two multisite repositories. Post hoc analyses associated factors with symptoms and demographics. RESULTS Analyses yielded three factors with dissociable whole-brain hypo- and hyper-RSFC patterns. Most participants expressed multiple (categorical) factors, suggestive of a mosaic of subtypes within individuals. All factors shared abnormal RSFC involving the default mode network, but the directionality (hypo- or hyper-RSFC) differed across factors. Factor 1 was associated with core ASD symptoms. Factors 1 and 2 were associated with distinct comorbid symptoms. Older male participants preferentially expressed factor 3. Factors were robust across control analyses and were not associated with IQ or head motion. CONCLUSIONS There exist at least three ASD factors with dissociable whole-brain RSFC patterns, behaviors, and demographics. Heterogeneous default mode network hypo- and hyper-RSFC across the factors might explain previously reported inconsistencies. The factors differentiated between core ASD and comorbid symptoms-a less appreciated domain of heterogeneity in ASD. These factors are coexpressed in individuals with ASD with different degrees, thus reconciling categorical and dimensional perspectives of ASD heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Tang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nanbo Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dorothea L Floris
- Donders Center for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Adriana Di Martino
- Autism and Social Cognition Center, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
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44
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Paul S, Chen Y. A random effects stochastic block model for joint community detection in multiple networks with applications to neuroimaging. Ann Appl Stat 2020. [DOI: 10.1214/20-aoas1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Bacha-Trams M, Ryyppö E, Glerean E, Sams M, Jääskeläinen IP. Social perspective-taking shapes brain hemodynamic activity and eye movements during movie viewing. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:175-191. [PMID: 32227094 PMCID: PMC7304509 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Putting oneself into the shoes of others is an important aspect of social cognition. We measured brain hemodynamic activity and eye-gaze patterns while participants were viewing a shortened version of the movie 'My Sister's Keeper' from two perspectives: that of a potential organ donor, who violates moral norms by refusing to donate her kidney, and that of a potential organ recipient, who suffers in pain. Inter-subject correlation (ISC) of brain activity was significantly higher during the potential organ donor's perspective in dorsolateral and inferior prefrontal, lateral and inferior occipital, and inferior-anterior temporal areas. In the reverse contrast, stronger ISC was observed in superior temporal, posterior frontal and anterior parietal areas. Eye-gaze analysis showed higher proportion of fixations on the potential organ recipient during both perspectives. Taken together, these results suggest that during social perspective-taking different brain areas can be flexibly recruited depending on the nature of the perspective that is taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Bacha-Trams
- Department As per style, full first names should be in author group. Hence we have inserted the first names from the title page. Kindly check and confirm. of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Brain and Mind Laboratory, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Elisa Ryyppö
- Department As per style, full first names should be in author group. Hence we have inserted the first names from the title page. Kindly check and confirm. of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Brain and Mind Laboratory, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department As per style, full first names should be in author group. Hence we have inserted the first names from the title page. Kindly check and confirm. of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Brain and Mind Laboratory, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- International Laboratory for Social Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department As per style, full first names should be in author group. Hence we have inserted the first names from the title page. Kindly check and confirm. of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Brain and Mind Laboratory, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department As per style, full first names should be in author group. Hence we have inserted the first names from the title page. Kindly check and confirm. of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Brain and Mind Laboratory, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- International Laboratory for Social Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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46
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Bathelt J, Koolschijn PC, Geurts HM. Age-variant and age-invariant features of functional brain organization in middle-aged and older autistic adults. Mol Autism 2020; 11:9. [PMID: 31993112 PMCID: PMC6977283 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-0316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of research effort into autism has been dedicated to understanding mechanisms during early development. As a consequence, research on the broader life course of an autism spectrum condition (ASC) has largely been neglected and almost nothing is known about ASC beyond middle age. Differences in brain connectivity that arise during early development may be maintained across the lifespan and may play protective or detrimental roles in older age. Method This study explored age-related differences in functional connectivity across middle and older age in clinically diagnosed autistic adults (n = 44, 30-73 years) and in an age-matched typical comparison group (n = 45). Results The results indicated parallel age-related associations in ASC and typical aging for the local efficiency and connection strength of the default mode network and for the segregation of the frontoparietal control network. In contrast, group differences in visual network connectivity are compatible with a safeguarding interpretation of less age-related decline in brain function in ASC. This divergence was mirrored in different associations between visual network connectivity and reaction time variability in the ASC and comparison group. Limitations The study is cross-sectional and may be affected by cohort effects. As all participants received their autism diagnosis in adulthood, this might hinder generalizability. Conclusion These results highlight the complexity of aging in ASC with both parallel and divergent trajectories across different aspects of functional network organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Bathelt
- Dutch Autism & ADHD Research Center, Brain & Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P. Cédric Koolschijn
- Dutch Autism & ADHD Research Center, Brain & Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hilde M. Geurts
- Dutch Autism & ADHD Research Center, Brain & Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Cauda F, Nani A, Manuello J, Premi E, Palermo S, Tatu K, Duca S, Fox PT, Costa T. Brain structural alterations are distributed following functional, anatomic and genetic connectivity. Brain 2019; 141:3211-3232. [PMID: 30346490 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological brain is characterized by distributed morphological or structural alterations in the grey matter, which tend to follow identifiable network-like patterns. We analysed the patterns formed by these alterations (increased and decreased grey matter values detected with the voxel-based morphometry technique) conducting an extensive transdiagnostic search of voxel-based morphometry studies in a large variety of brain disorders. We devised an innovative method to construct the networks formed by the structurally co-altered brain areas, which can be considered as pathological structural co-alteration patterns, and to compare these patterns with three associated types of connectivity profiles (functional, anatomical, and genetic). Our study provides transdiagnostical evidence that structural co-alterations are influenced by connectivity constraints rather than being randomly distributed. Analyses show that although all the three types of connectivity taken together can account for and predict with good statistical accuracy, the shape and temporal development of the co-alteration patterns, functional connectivity offers the better account of the structural co-alteration, followed by anatomic and genetic connectivity. These results shed new light on the possible mechanisms at the root of neuropathological processes and open exciting prospects in the quest for a better understanding of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cauda
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Nani
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jordi Manuello
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Premi
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy.,Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Palermo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Karina Tatu
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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He Y, Lim S, Fortunato S, Sporns O, Zhang L, Qiu J, Xie P, Zuo XN. Reconfiguration of Cortical Networks in MDD Uncovered by Multiscale Community Detection with fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1383-1395. [PMID: 29300840 PMCID: PMC6093364 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is known to be associated with altered interactions between distributed brain regions. How these regional changes relate to the reorganization of cortical functional systems, and their modulation by antidepressant medication, is relatively unexplored. To identify changes in the community structure of cortical functional networks in MDD, we performed a multiscale community detection algorithm on resting-state functional connectivity networks of unmedicated MDD (uMDD) patients (n = 46), medicated MDD (mMDD) patients (n = 38), and healthy controls (n = 50), which yielded a spectrum of multiscale community partitions. we selected an optimal resolution level by identifying the most stable community partition for each group. uMDD and mMDD groups exhibited a similar reconfiguration of the community structure of the visual association and the default mode systems but showed different reconfiguration profiles in the frontoparietal control (FPC) subsystems. Furthermore, the central system (somatomotor/salience) and 3 frontoparietal subsystems showed strengthened connectivity with other communities in uMDD but, with the exception of 1 frontoparietal subsystem, returned to control levels in mMDD. These findings provide evidence for reconfiguration of specific cortical functional systems associated with MDD, as well as potential effects of medication in restoring disease-related network alterations, especially those of the FPC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye He
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Sol Lim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Santo Fortunato
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.,Indiana University Network Science Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Olaf Sporns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.,Indiana University Network Science Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory for Brain and Education Sciences, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory for Brain and Education Sciences, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science and Research Center for Lifespan Development of Mind and Brain, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
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49
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Bacha-Trams M, Alexandrov YI, Broman E, Glerean E, Kauppila M, Kauttonen J, Ryyppö E, Sams M, Jääskeläinen IP. A drama movie activates brains of holistic and analytical thinkers differentially. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:1293-1304. [PMID: 30418656 PMCID: PMC6277741 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
People socialized in different cultures differ in their thinking styles. Eastern-culture people view objects more holistically by taking context into account, whereas Western-culture people view objects more analytically by focusing on them at the expense of context. Here we studied whether participants, who have different thinking styles but live within the same culture, exhibit differential brain activity when viewing a drama movie. A total of 26 Finnish participants, who were divided into holistic and analytical thinkers based on self-report questionnaire scores, watched a shortened drama movie during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We compared intersubject correlation (ISC) of brain hemodynamic activity of holistic vs analytical participants across the movie viewings. Holistic thinkers showed significant ISC in more extensive cortical areas than analytical thinkers, suggesting that they perceived the movie in a more similar fashion. Significantly higher ISC was observed in holistic thinkers in occipital, prefrontal and temporal cortices. In analytical thinkers, significant ISC was observed in right-hemisphere fusiform gyrus, temporoparietal junction and frontal cortex. Since these results were obtained in participants with similar cultural background, they are less prone to confounds by other possible cultural differences. Overall, our results show how brain activity in holistic vs analytical participants differs when viewing the same drama movie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Bacha-Trams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence should be addressed to Mareike Bacha-Trams, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, PO Box 12200, FI-00076 AALTO, 02150 Espoo, Finland. E-mail:
| | - Yuri I Alexandrov
- Laboratory of Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emilia Broman
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Minna Kauppila
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Janne Kauttonen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Elisa Ryyppö
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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50
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Song Y, Epalle TM, Lu H. Characterizing and Predicting Autism Spectrum Disorder by Performing Resting-State Functional Network Community Pattern Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:203. [PMID: 31258470 PMCID: PMC6587437 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychological disconnection syndrome that can be analyzed using various complex network metrics used as pathology biomarkers. Recently, community detection and analysis rooted in the complex network and graph theories have been introduced to investigate the changes in resting-state functional network community structure under neurological pathologies. However, the potential of hidden patterns in the modular organization of networks derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to predict brain pathology has never been investigated. In this study, we present a novel analysis technique to identify alterations in community patterns in functional networks under ASD. In addition, we design machine learning classifiers to predict the clinical class of patients with ASD and controls by using only community pattern quality metrics as features. Analyses conducted on six publicly available datasets from 235 subjects, including patients with ASD and age-matched controls revealed that the modular structure is significantly disturbed in patients with ASD. Machine learning algorithms showed that the predictive power of our five metrics is relatively high (~85.16% peak accuracy for in-site data and ~75.00% peak accuracy for multisite data). These results lend further credence to the dysconnectivity theory of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Song
- School of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Thomas Martial Epalle
- School of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hu Lu
- School of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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