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Peng L, Su J, Hu D, Yu Y, Wei H, Li M. Measuring functional connectivity in frequency-domain helps to better characterize brain function. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26726. [PMID: 38949487 PMCID: PMC11215841 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) is widely used in multivariate pattern analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), including identifying the locations of putative brain functional borders, predicting individual phenotypes, and diagnosing clinical mental diseases. However, limited attention has been paid to the analysis of functional interactions from a frequency perspective. In this study, by contrasting coherence-based and correlation-based FC with two machine learning tasks, we observed that measuring FC in the frequency domain helped to identify finer functional subregions and achieve better pattern discrimination capability relative to the temporal correlation. This study has proven the feasibility of coherence in the analysis of fMRI, and the results indicate that modeling functional interactions in the frequency domain may provide richer information than that in the time domain, which may provide a new perspective on the analysis of functional neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Peng
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina
| | - Jianpo Su
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina
| | - Huilin Wei
- Systems Engineering InstituteAcademy of Military SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ming Li
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina
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2
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Dhamala E, Bassett DS, Yeo T, Holmes AJ. Functional brain networks are associated with both sex and gender in children. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn4202. [PMID: 38996031 PMCID: PMC11244548 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn4202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Sex and gender are associated with human behavior throughout the life span and across health and disease, but whether they are associated with similar or distinct neural phenotypes is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that, in children, sex and gender are uniquely reflected in the intrinsic functional connectivity of the brain. Somatomotor, visual, control, and limbic networks are preferentially associated with sex, while network correlates of gender are more distributed throughout the cortex. These results suggest that sex and gender are irreducible to one another not only in society but also in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvisha Dhamala
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Uniondale, NY, USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Thomas Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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3
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Lee ZL, Siew SKH, Yu J. Intrinsic functional connectivity mediates the effect of personality traits on depressive symptoms. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300462. [PMID: 38985695 PMCID: PMC11236141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality traits have been proposed as risk factors for depressive symptoms. However, the neural mechanism behind these relationships is unclear. This study examined the possible mediating effect of resting-state functional connectivity networks on these relationships. METHODS Data from 153 healthy Germans were obtained from the MPI-Leipzig Mind-Brain-Body: Neuroanatomy & Connectivity Protocol database. Network-based statistics were used to identify significant functional connectivity networks that were positively and negatively associated with the personality traits of neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extraversion, with and without demographical covariates. Mediation analyses were performed for each personality trait and depressive symptoms with the significant positive and negative network strengths of the respective personality traits as mediators. RESULTS Neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extraversion were significantly correlated with depressive symptoms. Network-based statistics identified patterns of functional connectivity that were significantly associated with neuroticism and conscientiousness. After controlling for demographical covariates, significant conscientiousness-associated and extraversion-associated networks emerged. Mediation analysis concluded that only the neuroticism-positive network mediated the effect of neuroticism on depressive symptoms. When age and sex were controlled, the extraversion-positive network completely mediated the effect of extraversion on depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed that patterns of intrinsic functional networks predict personality traits and suggest that the relationship between personality traits and depressive symptoms may in part be due to their common patterns of intrinsic functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Long Lee
- School of Social Sciences, Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Savannah Kiah Hui Siew
- School of Social Sciences, Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junhong Yu
- School of Social Sciences, Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Zheng J, Cheng Y, Wu X, Li X, Fu Y, Yang Z. Rich-club organization of whole-brain spatio-temporal multilayer functional connectivity networks. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1405734. [PMID: 38855440 PMCID: PMC11157044 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1405734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective In this work, we propose a novel method for constructing whole-brain spatio-temporal multilayer functional connectivity networks (FCNs) and four innovative rich-club metrics. Methods Spatio-temporal multilayer FCNs achieve a high-order representation of the spatio-temporal dynamic characteristics of brain networks by combining the sliding time window method with graph theory and hypergraph theory. The four proposed rich-club scales are based on the dynamic changes in rich-club node identity, providing a parameterized description of the topological dynamic characteristics of brain networks from both temporal and spatial perspectives. The proposed method was validated in three independent differential analysis experiments: male-female gender difference analysis, analysis of abnormality in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and individual difference analysis. Results The proposed method yielded results consistent with previous relevant studies and revealed some innovative findings. For instance, the dynamic topological characteristics of specific white matter regions effectively reflected individual differences. The increased abnormality in internal functional connectivity within the basal ganglia may be a contributing factor to the occurrence of repetitive or restrictive behaviors in ASD patients. Conclusion The proposed methodology provides an efficacious approach for constructing whole-brain spatio-temporal multilayer FCNs and conducting analysis of their dynamic topological structures. The dynamic topological characteristics of spatio-temporal multilayer FCNs may offer new insights into physiological variations and pathological abnormalities in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zheng
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Cheng
- Huaxi Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
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Zarifkar P, Wagner MK, Fisher PM, Stenbæk DS, Berg SK, Knudsen GM, Benros ME, Kondziella D, Hassager C. Brain network changes and cognitive function after cardiac arrest. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae174. [PMID: 39045091 PMCID: PMC11264146 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have improved over the past two decades. Despite this progress, long-term cognitive impairment remains prevalent even in those with early recovery of consciousness after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; however, little is known about the determinants and underlying mechanisms. We utilized the REcovery after cardiac arrest surVIVAL cohort of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors who fully regained consciousness to correlate cognition measurements with brain network changes using resting-state functional MRI and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment at hospital discharge and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment at three-month follow-up. About half of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors displayed cognitive impairments at discharge, and in most, cognitive deficits persisted at three-month follow-up, particularly in the executive and visuospatial functions. Compared to healthy controls, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors exhibited increased connectivity between resting-state networks, particularly involving the frontoparietal network. The increased connectivity between the frontoparietal and visual networks was associated with less favourable cognitive outcomes (β = 14.0, P = 0.01), while higher education seemed to confer some cognitive protection (β = -2.06, P = 0.03). In sum, the data highlight the importance of subtle cognitive impairment, also in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors who are eligible for home discharge, and the potential of functional MRI to identify alterations in brain networks correlating with cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Zarifkar
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kirstine Wagner
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick MacDonald Fisher
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Selina Kikkenborg Berg
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael E Benros
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Luo Z, Yin E, Yan Y, Zhao S, Xie L, Shen H, Zeng LL, Wang L, Hu D. Sleep deprivation changes frequency-specific functional organization of the resting human brain. Brain Res Bull 2024; 210:110925. [PMID: 38493835 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Previous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies have widely explored the temporal connection changes in the human brain following long-term sleep deprivation (SD). However, the frequency-specific topological properties of sleep-deprived functional networks remain virtually unclear. In this study, thirty-seven healthy male subjects underwent resting-state fMRI during rested wakefulness (RW) and after 36 hours of SD, and we examined frequency-specific spectral connection changes (0.01-0.08 Hz, interval = 0.01 Hz) caused by SD. First, we conducted a multivariate pattern analysis combining linear SVM classifiers with a robust feature selection algorithm, and the results revealed that accuracies of 74.29%-84.29% could be achieved in the classification between RW and SD states in leave-one-out cross-validation at different frequency bands, moreover, the spectral connection at the lowest and highest frequency bands exhibited higher discriminative power. Connection involving the cingulo-opercular network increased most, while connection involving the default-mode network decreased most following SD. Then we performed a graph-theoretic analysis and observed reduced low-frequency modularity and high-frequency global efficiency in the SD state. Moreover, hub regions, which were primarily situated in the cerebellum and the cingulo-opercular network after SD, exhibited high discriminative power in the aforementioned classification consistently. The findings may indicate the frequency-dependent effects of SD on the functional network topology and its efficiency of information exchange, providing new insights into the impact of SD on the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Luo
- Defense Innovation Institute, Academy of Military Sciences (AMS), Beijing 100071, China; Intelligent Game and Decision Laboratory, Beijing 100071, China; Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC), Tianjin 300450, China; College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Erwei Yin
- Defense Innovation Institute, Academy of Military Sciences (AMS), Beijing 100071, China; Intelligent Game and Decision Laboratory, Beijing 100071, China; Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC), Tianjin 300450, China.
| | - Ye Yan
- Defense Innovation Institute, Academy of Military Sciences (AMS), Beijing 100071, China; Intelligent Game and Decision Laboratory, Beijing 100071, China; Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC), Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Shaokai Zhao
- Defense Innovation Institute, Academy of Military Sciences (AMS), Beijing 100071, China; Intelligent Game and Decision Laboratory, Beijing 100071, China; Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC), Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Defense Innovation Institute, Academy of Military Sciences (AMS), Beijing 100071, China; Intelligent Game and Decision Laboratory, Beijing 100071, China; Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC), Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Ling-Li Zeng
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Lubin Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China.
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Wiersch L, Friedrich P, Hamdan S, Komeyer V, Hoffstaedter F, Patil KR, Eickhoff SB, Weis S. Sex classification from functional brain connectivity: Generalization to multiple datasets. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26683. [PMID: 38647035 PMCID: PMC11034006 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) approaches are increasingly being applied to neuroimaging data. Studies in neuroscience typically have to rely on a limited set of training data which may impair the generalizability of ML models. However, it is still unclear which kind of training sample is best suited to optimize generalization performance. In the present study, we systematically investigated the generalization performance of sex classification models trained on the parcelwise connectivity profile of either single samples or compound samples of two different sizes. Generalization performance was quantified in terms of mean across-sample classification accuracy and spatial consistency of accurately classifying parcels. Our results indicate that the generalization performance of parcelwise classifiers (pwCs) trained on single dataset samples is dependent on the specific test samples. Certain datasets seem to "match" in the sense that classifiers trained on a sample from one dataset achieved a high accuracy when tested on the respected other one and vice versa. The pwCs trained on the compound samples demonstrated overall highest generalization performance for all test samples, including one derived from a dataset not included in building the training samples. Thus, our results indicate that both a large sample size and a heterogeneous data composition of a training sample have a central role in achieving generalizable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wiersch
- Institute of Systems NeuroscienceHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐7: Brain and Behaviour)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- Institute of Systems NeuroscienceHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐7: Brain and Behaviour)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Sami Hamdan
- Institute of Systems NeuroscienceHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐7: Brain and Behaviour)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Vera Komeyer
- Institute of Systems NeuroscienceHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐7: Brain and Behaviour)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Systems NeuroscienceHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐7: Brain and Behaviour)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Kaustubh R. Patil
- Institute of Systems NeuroscienceHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐7: Brain and Behaviour)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems NeuroscienceHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐7: Brain and Behaviour)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Susanne Weis
- Institute of Systems NeuroscienceHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐7: Brain and Behaviour)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
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Wiersch L, Friedrich P, Hamdan S, Komeyer V, Hoffstaedter F, Patil KR, Eickhoff SB, Weis S. Sex classification from functional brain connectivity: Generalization to multiple datasets Generalizability of sex classifiers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.30.555495. [PMID: 37693374 PMCID: PMC10491190 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) approaches are increasingly being applied to neuroimaging data. Studies in neuroscience typically have to rely on a limited set of training data which may impair the generalizability of ML models. However, it is still unclear which kind of training sample is best suited to optimize generalization performance. In the present study, we systematically investigated the generalization performance of sex classification models trained on the parcelwise connectivity profile of either single samples or a compound sample containing data from four different datasets. Generalization performance was quantified in terms of mean across-sample classification accuracy and spatial consistency of accurately classifying parcels. Our results indicate that generalization performance of pwCs trained on single dataset samples is dependent on the specific test samples. Certain datasets seem to "match" in the sense that classifiers trained on a sample from one dataset achieved a high accuracy when tested on the respected other one and vice versa. The pwC trained on the compound sample demonstrated overall highest generalization performance for all test samples, including one derived from a dataset not included in building the training samples. Thus, our results indicate that a big and heterogenous training sample comprising data of multiple datasets is best suited to achieve generalizable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wiersch
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sami Hamdan
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Vera Komeyer
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Susanne Weis
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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9
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Ryali S, Zhang Y, de los Angeles C, Supekar K, Menon V. Deep learning models reveal replicable, generalizable, and behaviorally relevant sex differences in human functional brain organization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310012121. [PMID: 38377194 PMCID: PMC10907309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310012121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex plays a crucial role in human brain development, aging, and the manifestation of psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, our understanding of sex differences in human functional brain organization and their behavioral consequences has been hindered by inconsistent findings and a lack of replication. Here, we address these challenges using a spatiotemporal deep neural network (stDNN) model to uncover latent functional brain dynamics that distinguish male and female brains. Our stDNN model accurately differentiated male and female brains, demonstrating consistently high cross-validation accuracy (>90%), replicability, and generalizability across multisession data from the same individuals and three independent cohorts (N ~ 1,500 young adults aged 20 to 35). Explainable AI (XAI) analysis revealed that brain features associated with the default mode network, striatum, and limbic network consistently exhibited significant sex differences (effect sizes > 1.5) across sessions and independent cohorts. Furthermore, XAI-derived brain features accurately predicted sex-specific cognitive profiles, a finding that was also independently replicated. Our results demonstrate that sex differences in functional brain dynamics are not only highly replicable and generalizable but also behaviorally relevant, challenging the notion of a continuum in male-female brain organization. Our findings underscore the crucial role of sex as a biological determinant in human brain organization, have significant implications for developing personalized sex-specific biomarkers in psychiatric and neurological disorders, and provide innovative AI-based computational tools for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Ryali
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Carlo de los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Kaustubh Supekar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
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10
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Wang X, Huang CC, Tsai SJ, Lin CP, Cai Q. The aging trajectories of brain functional hierarchy and its impact on cognition across the adult lifespan. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1331574. [PMID: 38313436 PMCID: PMC10837851 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1331574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hierarchical network architecture of the human brain, pivotal to cognition and behavior, can be explored via gradient analysis using restingstate functional MRI data. Although it has been employed to understand brain development and disorders, the impact of aging on this hierarchical architecture and its link to cognitive decline remains elusive. Methods This study utilized resting-state functional MRI data from 350 healthy adults (aged 20-85) to investigate the functional hierarchical network using connectome gradient analysis with a cross-age sliding window approach. Gradient-related metrics were estimated and correlated with age to evaluate trajectory of gradient changes across lifespan. Results The principal gradient (unimodal-to-transmodal) demonstrated a significant non-linear relationship with age, whereas the secondary gradient (visual-to-somatomotor) showed a simple linear decreasing pattern. Among the principal gradient, significant age-related changes were observed in the somatomotor, dorsal attention, limbic and default mode networks. The changes in the gradient scores of both the somatomotor and frontal-parietal networks were associated with greater working memory and visuospatial ability. Gender differences were found in global gradient metrics and gradient scores of somatomotor and default mode networks in the principal gradient, with no interaction with age effect. Discussion Our study delves into the aging trajectories of functional connectome gradient and its cognitive impact across the adult lifespan, providing insights for future research into the biological underpinnings of brain function and pathological models of atypical aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qing Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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11
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Khayretdinova M, Zakharov I, Pshonkovskaya P, Adamovich T, Kiryasov A, Zhdanov A, Shovkun A. Prediction of brain sex from EEG: using large-scale heterogeneous dataset for developing a highly accurate and interpretable ML model. Neuroimage 2024; 285:120495. [PMID: 38092156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive examination of sex-related differences in resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) data, leveraging two different types of machine learning models to predict an individual's sex. We utilized data from the Two Decades-Brainclinics Research Archive for Insights in Neurophysiology (TDBRAIN) EEG study, affirming that gender prediction can be attained with noteworthy accuracy. The best performing model achieved an accuracy of 85% and an ROC AUC of 89%, surpassing all prior benchmarks set using EEG data and rivaling the top-tier results derived from fMRI studies. A comparative analysis of LightGBM and Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) models revealed DCNN's superior performance, attributed to its ability to learn complex spatial-temporal patterns in the EEG data and handle large volumes of data effectively. Despite this, interpretability remained a challenge for the DCNN model. The LightGBM interpretability analysis revealed that the most important EEG features for accurate sex prediction were related to left fronto-central and parietal EEG connectivity. We also showed the role of both low (delta and theta) and high (beta and gamma) activity in the accurate sex prediction. These results, however, have to be approached with caution, because it was obtained from a dataset comprised largely of participants with various mental health conditions, which limits the generalizability of the results and necessitates further validation in future studies. . Overall, the study illuminates the potential of interpretable machine learning for sex prediction, alongside highlighting the importance of considering individual differences in prediction sex from brain activity.
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Wilson JD, Gerlach AR, Karim HT, Aizenstein HJ, Andreescu C. Sex matters: acute functional connectivity changes as markers of remission in late-life depression differ by sex. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5228-5236. [PMID: 37414928 PMCID: PMC10919097 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of antidepressant treatment in late-life is modest, a problem magnified by an aging population and increased prevalence of depression. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of treatment response in late-life depression (LLD) is imperative. Despite established sex differences in depression and neural circuits, sex differences associated with fMRI markers of antidepressant treatment response are underexplored. In this analysis, we assess the role of sex on the relationship of acute functional connectivity changes with treatment response in LLD. Resting state fMRI scans were collected at baseline and day one of SSRI/SNRI treatment for 80 LLD participants. One-day changes in functional connectivity (differential connectivity) were related to remission status after 12 weeks. Sex differences in differential connectivity profiles that distinguished remitters from non-remitters were assessed. A random forest classifier was used to predict the remission status with models containing various combinations of demographic, clinical, symptomatological, and connectivity measures. Model performance was assessed with area under the curve, and variable importance was assessed with permutation importance. The differential connectivity profile associated with remission status differed significantly by sex. We observed evidence for a difference in one-day connectivity changes between remitters and non-remitters in males but not females. Additionally, prediction of remission was significantly improved in male-only and female-only models over pooled models. Predictions of treatment outcome based on early changes in functional connectivity show marked differences between sexes and should be considered in future MR-based treatment decision-making algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Wilson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew R Gerlach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Helmet T Karim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Howard J Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carmen Andreescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Serio B, Hettwer MD, Wiersch L, Bignardi G, Sacher J, Weis S, Eickhoff SB, Valk SL. Sex differences in intrinsic functional cortical organization reflect differences in network topology rather than cortical morphometry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.23.568437. [PMID: 38045320 PMCID: PMC10690290 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.23.568437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain size robustly differs between sexes. However, the consequences of this anatomical dimorphism on sex differences in intrinsic brain function remain unclear. We investigated the extent to which sex differences in intrinsic cortical functional organization may be explained by differences in cortical morphometry, namely brain size, microstructure, and the geodesic distances of connectivity profiles. For this, we computed a low dimensional representation of functional cortical organization, the sensory-association axis, and identified widespread sex differences. Contrary to our expectations, observed sex differences in functional organization were not fundamentally associated with differences in brain size, microstructural organization, or geodesic distances, despite these morphometric properties being per se associated with functional organization and differing between sexes. Instead, functional sex differences in the sensory-association axis were associated with differences in functional connectivity profiles and network topology. Collectively, our findings suggest that sex differences in functional cortical organization extend beyond sex differences in cortical morphometry. Teaser Investigating sex differences in functional cortical organization and their association to differences in cortical morphometry.
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Dhamala E, Bassett DS, Yeo BT, Homes AJ. Functional brain networks are associated with both sex and gender in children. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.12.566592. [PMID: 38013996 PMCID: PMC10680589 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.12.566592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sex and gender are associated with human behavior throughout the lifespan and across health and disease, but whether they are associated with similar or distinct neural phenotypes is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that, in children, sex and gender are uniquely reflected in the intrinsic functional connectivity of the brain. Unimodal networks are more strongly associated with sex while heteromodal networks are more strongly associated with gender. These results suggest sex and gender are irreducible to one another not only in society but also in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvisha Dhamala
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York, USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Avram J. Homes
- Rutgers University, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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15
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Hu P, Wang P, Zhao R, Yang H, Biswal BB. Characterizing the spatiotemporal features of functional connectivity across the white matter and gray matter during the naturalistic condition. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1248610. [PMID: 38027509 PMCID: PMC10665512 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1248610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The naturalistic stimuli due to its ease of operability has attracted many researchers in recent years. However, the influence of the naturalistic stimuli for whole-brain functions compared with the resting state is still unclear. Methods In this study, we clustered gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) masks both at the ROI- and network-levels. Functional connectivity (FC) and inter-subject functional connectivity (ISFC) were calculated in GM, WM, and between GM and WM under the movie-watching and the resting-state conditions. Furthermore, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) of FC and ISFC were estimated on different runs of fMRI data to denote the reliability of them during the two conditions. In addition, static and dynamic connectivity indices were calculated with Pearson correlation coefficient to demonstrate the associations between the movie-watching and the resting-state. Results As the results, we found that the movie-watching significantly affected FC in whole-brain compared with the resting-state, but ISFC did not show significant connectivity induced by the naturalistic condition. ICC of FC and ISFC was generally higher during movie-watching compared with the resting-state, demonstrating that naturalistic stimuli could promote the reliability of connectivity. The associations between static and dynamic ISFC were weakly negative correlations in the naturalistic stimuli while there is no correlation between them under resting-state condition. Discussion Our findings confirmed that compared to resting-state condition, the connectivity indices under the naturalistic stimuli were more reliable and stable to investigate the normal functional activities of the human brain, and might promote the applications of FC in the cerebral dysfunction in various mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bharat B. Biswal
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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16
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Razzak R, Li J, He S, Sokhadze E. Investigating Sex-Based Neural Differences in Autism and Their Extended Reality Intervention Implications. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1571. [PMID: 38002531 PMCID: PMC10670246 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects millions of individuals worldwide, and there is growing interest in the use of extended reality (XR) technologies for intervention. Despite the promising potential of XR interventions, there remain gaps in our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying ASD, particularly in relation to sex-based differences. This scoping review synthesizes the current research on brain activity patterns in ASD, emphasizing the implications for XR interventions and neurofeedback therapy. We examine the brain regions commonly affected by ASD, the potential benefits and drawbacks of XR technologies, and the implications of sex-specific differences for designing effective interventions. Our findings underscore the need for ongoing research into the neurobiological underpinnings of ASD and sex-based differences, as well as the importance of developing tailored interventions that consider the unique needs and experiences of autistic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehma Razzak
- Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA 30060, USA; (R.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Joy Li
- Department of Software Engineering and Game Development, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA 30060, USA;
| | - Selena He
- Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA 30060, USA; (R.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Estate Sokhadze
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Moron-Fernández MJ, Amedeo LM, Monterroso Muñoz A, Molina-Abril H, Díaz-del-Río F, Bini F, Marinozzi F, Real P. Analysis of Connectome Graphs Based on Boundary Scale. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8607. [PMID: 37896699 PMCID: PMC10610691 DOI: 10.3390/s23208607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to advance in the computational study of connectome graphs from a topological point of view. Specifically, starting from a sequence of hypergraphs associated to a brain graph (obtained using the Boundary Scale model, BS2), we analyze the resulting scale-space representation using classical topological features, such as Betti numbers and average node and edge degrees. In this way, the topological information that can be extracted from the original graph is substantially enriched, thus providing an insightful description of the graph from a clinical perspective. To assess the qualitative and quantitative topological information gain of the BS2 model, we carried out an empirical analysis of neuroimaging data using a dataset that contains the connectomes of 96 healthy subjects, 52 women and 44 men, generated from MRI scans in the Human Connectome Project. The results obtained shed light on the differences between these two classes of subjects in terms of neural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Moron-Fernández
- Higher Technical School of Informatics Engineering, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain; (M.J.M.-F.); (A.M.M.); (H.M.-A.); (F.D.-d.-R.); (P.R.)
| | - Ludovica Maria Amedeo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Alberto Monterroso Muñoz
- Higher Technical School of Informatics Engineering, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain; (M.J.M.-F.); (A.M.M.); (H.M.-A.); (F.D.-d.-R.); (P.R.)
| | - Helena Molina-Abril
- Higher Technical School of Informatics Engineering, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain; (M.J.M.-F.); (A.M.M.); (H.M.-A.); (F.D.-d.-R.); (P.R.)
| | - Fernando Díaz-del-Río
- Higher Technical School of Informatics Engineering, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain; (M.J.M.-F.); (A.M.M.); (H.M.-A.); (F.D.-d.-R.); (P.R.)
| | - Fabiano Bini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Franco Marinozzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Pedro Real
- Higher Technical School of Informatics Engineering, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain; (M.J.M.-F.); (A.M.M.); (H.M.-A.); (F.D.-d.-R.); (P.R.)
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18
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Dhamala E, Rong Ooi LQ, Chen J, Ricard JA, Berkeley E, Chopra S, Qu Y, Zhang XH, Lawhead C, Yeo BTT, Holmes AJ. Brain-Based Predictions of Psychiatric Illness-Linked Behaviors Across the Sexes. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:479-491. [PMID: 37031778 PMCID: PMC10524434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in functional brain connectivity can be used to predict both the presence of psychiatric illness and variability in associated behaviors. However, despite evidence for sex differences in functional network connectivity and in the prevalence, presentation, and trajectory of psychiatric illnesses, the extent to which disorder-relevant aspects of network connectivity are shared or unique across the sexes remains to be determined. METHODS In this work, we used predictive modeling approaches to evaluate whether shared or unique functional connectivity correlates underlie the expression of psychiatric illness-linked behaviors in males and females in data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 5260; 2571 females). RESULTS We demonstrate that functional connectivity profiles predict individual differences in externalizing behaviors in males and females but predict internalizing behaviors only in females. Furthermore, models trained to predict externalizing behaviors in males generalize to predict internalizing behaviors in females, and models trained to predict internalizing behaviors in females generalize to predict externalizing behaviors in males. Finally, the neurobiological correlates of many behaviors are largely shared within and across sexes: functional connections within and between heteromodal association networks, including default, limbic, control, and dorsal attention networks, are associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that shared neurobiological patterns may manifest as distinct behaviors across the sexes. Based on these results, we recommend that both clinicians and researchers carefully consider how sex may influence the presentation of psychiatric illnesses, especially those along the internalizing-externalizing spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvisha Dhamala
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Leon Qi Rong Ooi
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jocelyn A Ricard
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Sidhant Chopra
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yueyue Qu
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xi-Han Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Connor Lawhead
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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Kim M, Seo JW, Yun S, Kim M. Bidirectional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia: a multivariate, machine-learning approach. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1232015. [PMID: 37743998 PMCID: PMC10512460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1232015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It is well known that altered functional connectivity is a robust neuroimaging marker of schizophrenia. However, there is inconsistency in the direction of alterations, i.e., increased or decreased connectivity. In this study, we aimed to determine the direction of the connectivity alteration associated with schizophrenia using a multivariate, data-driven approach. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 109 individuals with schizophrenia and 120 controls across two openly available datasets. A whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) matrix was computed for each individual. A modified connectome-based predictive model (CPM) with a support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify patients and controls. We conducted a series of multivariate classification analyses using three different feature sets, increased, decreased, and both increased and decreased rsFC. Results For both datasets, combining information from both increased and decreased rsFC substantially improved prediction accuracy (Dataset 1: accuracy = 70.2%, permutation p = 0.001; Dataset 2: accuracy = 64.4%, permutation p = 0.003). When tested across datasets, the prediction model using decreased rsFC performed best. The identified predictive features of decreased rsFC were distributed mostly in the motor network for both datasets. Conclusion These findings suggest that bidirectional alterations in rsFC are distributed in schizophrenia patients, with the pattern of decreased rsFC being more similar across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhoe Kim
- Computer Convergence Software Department, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Seo
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokho Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University School of Medicine and College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kheloui S, Jacmin-Park S, Larocque O, Kerr P, Rossi M, Cartier L, Juster RP. Sex/gender differences in cognitive abilities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105333. [PMID: 37517542 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex/gender differences in cognitive sciences are riddled by conflicting perspectives. At the center of debates are clinical, social, and political perspectives. Front and center, evolutionary and biological perspectives have often focused on 'nature' arguments, while feminist and constructivist views have often focused on 'nurture arguments regarding cognitive sex differences. In the current narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding the origins and historical advancement of these debates while providing a summary of the results in the field of sexually polymorphic cognition. In so doing, we attempt to highlight the importance of using transdisciplinary perspectives which help bridge disciplines together to provide a refined understanding the specific factors that drive sex differences a gender diversity in cognitive abilities. To summarize, biological sex (e.g., birth-assigned sex, sex hormones), socio-cultural gender (gender identity, gender roles), and sexual orientation each uniquely shape the cognitive abilities reviewed. To date, however, few studies integrate these sex and gender factors together to better understand individual differences in cognitive functioning. This has potential benefits if a broader understanding of sex and gender factors are systematically measured when researching and treating numerous conditions where cognition is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kheloui
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Silke Jacmin-Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Ophélie Larocque
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Philippe Kerr
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Mathias Rossi
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Louis Cartier
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada.
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21
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Chen X, Dong D, Zhou F, Gao X, Liu Y, Wang J, Qin J, Tian Y, Xiao M, Xu X, Li W, Qiu J, Feng T, He Q, Lei X, Chen H. Connectome-based prediction of eating disorder-associated symptomatology. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5786-5799. [PMID: 36177890 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing knowledge on the neuroimaging patterns of eating disorder (ED) symptoms in non-clinical populations, studies using whole-brain machine learning to identify connectome-based neuromarkers of ED symptomatology are absent. This study examined the association of connectivity within and between large-scale functional networks with specific symptomatic behaviors and cognitions using connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM). METHODS CPM with ten-fold cross-validation was carried out to probe functional networks that were predictive of ED-associated symptomatology, including body image concerns, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors, within the discovery sample of 660 participants. The predictive ability of the identified networks was validated using an independent sample of 821 participants. RESULTS The connectivity predictive of body image concerns was identified within and between networks implicated in cognitive control (frontoparietal and medial frontal), reward sensitivity (subcortical), and visual perception (visual). Crucially, the set of connections in the positive network related to body image concerns identified in one sample was generalized to predict body image concerns in an independent sample, suggesting the replicability of this effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to the feasibility of using the functional connectome to predict ED symptomatology in the general population and provide the first evidence that functional interplay among distributed networks predicts body shape/weight concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Debo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingmin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Verovnik B, Hajduk S, Hulle MV. Predicting phenotypes of elderly from resting state fMRI. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3201603. [PMID: 37609310 PMCID: PMC10441519 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3201603/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning techniques are increasingly embraced in neuroimaging studies of healthy and diseased human brains. They have been used successfully in predicting phenotypes, or even clinical outcomes, and in turning functional connectome metrics into phenotype biomarkers of both healthy individuals and patients. In this study, we used functional connectivity characteristics based on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to accurately classify healthy elderly in terms of their phenotype status. Additionally, as the functional connections that contribute to the classification can be identified, we can draw inferences about the network that is predictive of the investigated phenotypes. Our proposed pipeline for phenotype classification can be expanded to other phenotypes (cognitive, psychological, clinical) and possibly be used to shed light on the modifiable risk and protective factors in normative and pathological brain aging.
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23
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Sui J. Decoding individual differences in self-prioritization from the resting-state functional connectome. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120205. [PMID: 37253415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the self has traditionally been viewed as a higher-order mental function by most theoretical frameworks, recent research advocates a fundamental self hypothesis, viewing the self as a baseline function of the brain embedded within its spontaneous activities, which dynamically regulates cognitive processing and subsequently guides behavior. Understanding this fundamental self hypothesis can reveal where self-biased behaviors emerge and to what extent brain signals at rest can predict such biased behaviors. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association between spontaneous neural connectivity and robust self-bias in a perceptual matching task using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 348 young participants. By decoding whole-brain connectivity patterns, the support vector regression model produced the best predictions of the magnitude of self-bias in behavior, which was evaluated via a nested cross-validation procedure. The out-of-sample generalizability was further authenticated using an external dataset of older adults. The functional connectivity results demonstrated that self-biased behavior was associated with distinct connections between the default mode, cognitive control, and salience networks. Consensus network and computational lesion analyses further revealed contributing regions distributed across six networks, extending to additional nodes, such as the thalamus, whose role in self-related processing remained unclear. These results provide evidence that self-biased behavior derives from spontaneous neural connectivity, supporting the fundamental self hypothesis. Thus, we propose an integrated neural network model of this fundamental self that synthesizes previous theoretical models and portrays the brain mechanisms by which the self emerges at rest internally and regulates responses to the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfa Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The Centre for Positive Psychology Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jie Sui
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, Scotland, Great Britain
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24
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Li Q, Zhang N. Sex differences in resting-state functional networks in awake rats. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1411-1423. [PMID: 37261489 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sex-related differences can be found in many brain disorders and psychophysiological traits, highlighting the importance to systematically understand the sex differences in brain function in humans and animal models. Despite emerging effort to address sex differences in behaviors and disease models in rodents, how brain-wide functional connectivity (FC) patterns differ between male and female rats remains largely unknown. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to investigate regional and systems-level differences between female and male rats. Our data show that female rats display stronger hypothalamus connectivity, whereas male rats exhibit more prominent striatum-related connectivity. At the global scale, female rats demonstrate stronger segregation within the cortical and subcortical systems, while male rats display more prominent cortico-subcortical interactions, particularly between the cortex and striatum. Taken together, these data provide a comprehensive framework of sex differences in resting-state connectivity patterns in the awake rat brain, and offer a reference for studies aiming to reveal sex-related FC differences in different animal models of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, USA.
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, 16802, USA.
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25
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Putkinen V, Nazari-Farsani S, Karjalainen T, Santavirta S, Hudson M, Seppälä K, Sun L, Karlsson HK, Hirvonen J, Nummenmaa L. Pattern recognition reveals sex-dependent neural substrates of sexual perception. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2543-2556. [PMID: 36773282 PMCID: PMC10028630 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in brain activity evoked by sexual stimuli remain elusive despite robust evidence for stronger enjoyment of and interest toward sexual stimuli in men than in women. To test whether visual sexual stimuli evoke different brain activity patterns in men and women, we measured hemodynamic brain activity induced by visual sexual stimuli in two experiments with 91 subjects (46 males). In one experiment, the subjects viewed sexual and nonsexual film clips, and dynamic annotations for nudity in the clips were used to predict hemodynamic activity. In the second experiment, the subjects viewed sexual and nonsexual pictures in an event-related design. Men showed stronger activation than women in the visual and prefrontal cortices and dorsal attention network in both experiments. Furthermore, using multivariate pattern classification we could accurately predict the sex of the subject on the basis of the brain activity elicited by the sexual stimuli. The classification generalized across the experiments indicating that the sex differences were task-independent. Eye tracking data obtained from an independent sample of subjects (N = 110) showed that men looked longer than women at the chest area of the nude female actors in the film clips. These results indicate that visual sexual stimuli evoke discernible brain activity patterns in men and women which may reflect stronger attentional engagement with sexual stimuli in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Putkinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanaz Nazari-Farsani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi Karjalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Severi Santavirta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthew Hudson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Kerttu Seppälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lihua Sun
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Henry K Karlsson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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26
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Fenske SJ, Liu J, Chen H, Diniz MA, Stephens RL, Cornea E, Gilmore JH, Gao W. Sex differences in resting state functional connectivity across the first two years of life. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101235. [PMID: 36966646 PMCID: PMC10066534 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in behavior have been reported from infancy through adulthood, but little is known about sex effects on functional circuitry in early infancy. Moreover, the relationship between early sex effects on the functional architecture of the brain and later behavioral performance remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used resting-state fMRI and a novel heatmap analysis to examine sex differences in functional connectivity with cross-sectional and longitudinal mixed models in a large cohort of infants (n = 319 neonates, 1-, and 2-year-olds). An adult dataset (n = 92) was also included for comparison. We investigated the relationship between sex differences in functional circuitry and later measures of language (collected in 1- and 2-year-olds) as well as indices of anxiety, executive function, and intelligence (collected in 4-year-olds). Brain areas showing the most significant sex differences were age-specific across infancy, with two temporal regions demonstrating consistent differences. Measures of functional connectivity showing sex differences in infancy were significantly associated with subsequent behavioral scores of language, executive function, and intelligence. Our findings provide insights into the effects of sex on dynamic neurodevelopmental trajectories during infancy and lay an important foundation for understanding the mechanisms underlying sex differences in health and disease.
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27
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Li Q, Zhang N. Sex differences in resting-state functional networks in awake rats. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2684325. [PMID: 36993730 PMCID: PMC10055639 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2684325/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Sex-related differences can be found in many brain disorders and psychophysiological traits, highlighting the importance to systematically understand the sex differences in brain function in humans and animal models. Despite emerging effort to address sex differences in behaviors and disease models in rodents, how brain-wide functional connectivity (FC) patterns differ between male and female rats remains largely unknown. Here we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to investigate regional and systems-level differences between female and male rats. Our data show that female rats display stronger hypothalamus connectivity, whereas male rats exhibit more prominent striatum-related connectivity. At the global scale, female rats demonstrate stronger segregation within the cortical and subcortical systems, while male rats display more prominent cortico-subcortical interactions, particularly between the cortex and striatum. Taken together, these data provide a comprehensive framework of sex differences in resting-state connectivity patterns in the awake rat brain, and offer a reference for studies aiming to reveal sex-related FC differences in different animal models of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- The Pennsylvania State University
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28
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Chuang KC, Ramakrishnapillai S, Madden K, St Amant J, McKlveen K, Gwizdala K, Dhullipudi R, Bazzano L, Carmichael O. Brain effective connectivity and functional connectivity as markers of lifespan vascular exposures in middle-aged adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1110434. [PMID: 36998317 PMCID: PMC10043334 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionEffective connectivity (EC), the causal influence that functional activity in a source brain location exerts over functional activity in a target brain location, has the potential to provide different information about brain network dynamics than functional connectivity (FC), which quantifies activity synchrony between locations. However, head-to-head comparisons between EC and FC from either task-based or resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data are rare, especially in terms of how they associate with salient aspects of brain health.MethodsIn this study, 100 cognitively-healthy participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study aged 54.2 ± 4.3years completed Stroop task-based fMRI, resting-state fMRI. EC and FC among 24 regions of interest (ROIs) previously identified as involved in Stroop task execution (EC-task and FC-task) and among 33 default mode network ROIs (EC-rest and FC-rest) were calculated from task-based and resting-state fMRI using deep stacking networks and Pearson correlation. The EC and FC measures were thresholded to generate directed and undirected graphs, from which standard graph metrics were calculated. Linear regression models related graph metrics to demographic, cardiometabolic risk factors, and cognitive function measures.ResultsWomen and whites (compared to men and African Americans) had better EC-task metrics, and better EC-task metrics associated with lower blood pressure, white matter hyperintensity volume, and higher vocabulary score (maximum value of p = 0.043). Women had better FC-task metrics, and better FC-task metrics associated with APOE-ε4 3–3 genotype and better hemoglobin-A1c, white matter hyperintensity volume and digit span backwards score (maximum value of p = 0.047). Better EC rest metrics associated with lower age, non-drinker status, and better BMI, white matter hyperintensity volume, logical memory II total score, and word reading score (maximum value of p = 0.044). Women and non-drinkers had better FC-rest metrics (value of p = 0.004).DiscussionIn a diverse, cognitively healthy, middle-aged community sample, EC and FC based graph metrics from task-based fMRI data, and EC based graph metrics from resting-state fMRI data, were associated with recognized indicators of brain health in differing ways. Future studies of brain health should consider taking both task-based and resting-state fMRI scans and measuring both EC and FC analyses to get a more complete picture of functional networks relevant to brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Cheng Chuang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kai-Cheng Chuang,
| | - Sreekrishna Ramakrishnapillai
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Madden
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Julia St Amant
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Kevin McKlveen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Kathryn Gwizdala
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Lydia Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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29
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Alfano V, Cavaliere C, Di Cecca A, Ciccarelli G, Salvatore M, Aiello M, Federico G. Sex differences in functional brain networks involved in interoception: An fMRI study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1130025. [PMID: 36998736 PMCID: PMC10043182 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1130025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoception can be described as the ability to perceive inner body sensations and it is different between biological sex. However, no previous research correlated this ability with brain functional connectivity (FC) between males and females. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate FC of networks involved in interoception among males and females in a sample of healthy volunteers matched for age. In total, 67 participants (34 females, mean age 44.2; 33 males, mean age 37.2) underwent a functional MRI session and completed the Self-Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ) that tests the interoceptive awareness. To assess the effect of sex on scores obtained on the SAQ we performed a multivariate analysis of variance. A whole-brain seed-to-seed FC analysis was conducted to investigate the correlation between SAQ score and FC, and then to test differences in FC between males and females with SAQ score as a covariate. MANOVA revealed a significant difference in SAQ scores between males and females with higher values for the second ones. Also, significant correlations among interoception scores and FC in Salience network and fronto-temporo-parietal brain areas have been detected, with a sharp prevalence for the female. These results support the idea of a female advantage in the attention toward interoceptive sensations, suggesting common inter-network areas that concur to create the sense of self.
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30
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Anderson ED, Barbey AK. Investigating cognitive neuroscience theories of human intelligence: A connectome-based predictive modeling approach. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1647-1665. [PMID: 36537816 PMCID: PMC9921238 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Central to modern neuroscientific theories of human intelligence is the notion that general intelligence depends on a primary brain region or network, engaging spatially localized (rather than global) neural representations. Recent findings in network neuroscience, however, challenge this assumption, providing evidence that general intelligence may depend on system-wide network mechanisms, suggesting that local representations are necessary but not sufficient to account for the neural architecture of human intelligence. Despite the importance of this key theoretical distinction, prior research has not systematically investigated the role of local versus global neural representations in predicting general intelligence. We conducted a large-scale connectome-based predictive modeling study (N = 297), administering resting-state fMRI and a comprehensive cognitive battery to evaluate the efficacy of modern neuroscientific theories of human intelligence, including spatially localized theories (Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Theory, Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory, and Multiple Demand Theory) and recent global accounts (Process Overlap Theory and Network Neuroscience Theory). The results of our study demonstrate that general intelligence can be predicted by local functional connectivity profiles but is most robustly explained by global profiles of whole-brain connectivity. Our findings further suggest that the improved efficacy of global theories is not reducible to a greater strength or number of connections, but instead results from considering both strong and weak connections that provide the basis for intelligence (as predicted by the Network Neuroscience Theory). Our results highlight the importance of considering local neural representations in the context of a global information-processing architecture, suggesting future directions for theory-driven research on system-wide network mechanisms underlying general intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Anderson
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp, Broomfield, Colorado, USA.,Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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31
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Becker HC, Norman LJ, Yang H, Monk CS, Phan KL, Taylor SF, Liu Y, Mannella K, Fitzgerald KD. Disorder-specific cingulo-opercular network hyperconnectivity in pediatric OCD relative to pediatric anxiety. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1468-1478. [PMID: 37010220 PMCID: PMC10009399 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior investigation of adult patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has found greater functional connectivity within orbitofrontal-striatal-thalamic (OST) circuitry, as well as altered connectivity within and between large-scale brain networks such as the cingulo-opercular network (CON) and default mode network (DMN), relative to controls. However, as adult OCD patients often have high rates of co-morbid anxiety and long durations of illness, little is known about the functional connectivity of these networks in relation to OCD specifically, or in young patients near illness onset. METHODS In this study, unmedicated female patients with OCD (ages 8-21 years, n = 23) were compared to age-matched female patients with anxiety disorders (n = 26), and healthy female youth (n = 44). Resting-state functional connectivity was used to determine the strength of functional connectivity within and between OST, CON, and DMN. RESULTS Functional connectivity within the CON was significantly greater in the OCD group as compared to the anxiety and healthy control groups. Additionally, the OCD group displayed greater functional connectivity between OST and CON compared to the other two groups, which did not differ significantly from each other. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that previously noted network connectivity differences in pediatric patients with OCD were likely not attributable to co-morbid anxiety disorders. Moreover, these results suggest that specific patterns of hyperconnectivity within CON and between CON and OST circuitry may characterize OCD relative to non-OCD anxiety disorders in youth. This study improves understanding of network dysfunction underlying pediatric OCD as compared to pediatric anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Becker
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke J. Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Christopher S. Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephan F. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanni Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristin Mannella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kate D. Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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32
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Ye M, Liu J, Guan Y, Ma H, Tian L. Are inter-subject functional correlations consistent across different movies? Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:44-53. [PMID: 36418674 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Movie fMRI has been increasingly used in investigations of human brain function. Inter-subject functional correlation (ISFC), which evaluates stimulus-dependent inter-regional synchrony between brains exposed to the same stimulus, is emerging as an influencing measure for movie fMRI data analyses. Before the wide application of ISFC analyses, it will be useful to investigate the degree to which they are similar and different across different movies. Based on the four movie fMRI runs of 178 subjects included in the "human connectome project (HCP) S1200 Release", we evaluated ISFCs throughout the brain and analyzed their consistency across different movies using intra-class correlation (ICC). We also investigated the generalizability of ISFC-based predictive models, which is closely related to their consistency, with sex classification and grip strength prediction used as test cases. The results showed that the intensity of ISFCs was generally weak (0.047). Except a few within-network ones (e.g., ICC of ISFC in the PON was 0.402), ISFCs throughout the brain exhibited low consistency, as indicated by a mean ICC of 0.130. The accuracies for inter-run predictions (60.7-72.8% for sex classification, and R = 0.122-0.275 for grip strength prediction) were much lower than those for intra-run predictions (73.2-83.0% for sex classification, and R = 0.325-0.403 for grip strength prediction), and this indicates poor generalizability of predictive models based on ISFCs. According to these findings, ISFC analyses capture aspects of brain function that are specific to each individual movie, and this specificity should be taken into account (in some cases might be especially useful) in future naturalistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Ye
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangcong Liu
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Guan
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ma
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Tian
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China.
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33
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Abstract
There is now a significant body of literature concerning sex/gender differences in the human brain. This chapter will critically review and synthesise key findings from several studies that have investigated sex/gender differences in structural and functional lateralisation and connectivity. We argue that while small, relative sex/gender differences reliably exist in lateralisation and connectivity, there is considerable overlap between the sexes. Some inconsistencies exist, however, and this is likely due to considerable variability in the methodologies, tasks, measures, and sample compositions between studies. Moreover, research to date is limited in its consideration of sex/gender-related factors, such as sex hormones and gender roles, that can explain inter-and inter-individual differences in brain and behaviour better than sex/gender alone. We conclude that conceptualising the brain as 'sexually dimorphic' is incorrect, and the terms 'male brain' and 'female brain' should be avoided in the neuroscientific literature. However, this does not necessarily mean that sex/gender differences in the brain are trivial. Future research involving sex/gender should adopt a biopsychosocial approach whenever possible, to ensure that non-binary psychological, biological, and environmental/social factors related to sex/gender, and their interactions, are routinely accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hodgetts
- School of Psychology, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
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34
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Mijalkov M, Veréb D, Jamialahmadi O, Canal-Garcia A, Gómez-Ruiz E, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Romeo S, Volpe G, Pereira JB. Sex differences in multilayer functional network topology over the course of aging in 37543 UK Biobank participants. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:351-376. [PMID: 37334001 PMCID: PMC10275214 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, with considerable societal and economic implications. Healthy aging is accompanied by changes in functional connectivity between and within resting-state functional networks, which have been associated with cognitive decline. However, there is no consensus on the impact of sex on these age-related functional trajectories. Here, we show that multilayer measures provide crucial information on the interaction between sex and age on network topology, allowing for better assessment of cognitive, structural, and cardiovascular risk factors that have been shown to differ between men and women, as well as providing additional insights into the genetic influences on changes in functional connectivity that occur during aging. In a large cross-sectional sample of 37,543 individuals from the UK Biobank cohort, we demonstrate that such multilayer measures that capture the relationship between positive and negative connections are more sensitive to sex-related changes in the whole-brain connectivity patterns and their topological architecture throughout aging, when compared to standard connectivity and topological measures. Our findings indicate that multilayer measures contain previously unknown information on the relationship between sex and age, which opens up new avenues for research into functional brain connectivity in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mite Mijalkov
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dániel Veréb
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oveis Jamialahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Anna Canal-Garcia
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden
- Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department of Physics, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Joana B. Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Mahmood U, Fu Z, Ghosh S, Calhoun V, Plis S. Through the looking glass: Deep interpretable dynamic directed connectivity in resting fMRI. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119737. [PMID: 36356823 PMCID: PMC9844250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain network interactions are commonly assessed via functional (network) connectivity, captured as an undirected matrix of Pearson correlation coefficients. Functional connectivity can represent static and dynamic relations, but often these are modeled using a fixed choice for the data window Alternatively, deep learning models may flexibly learn various representations from the same data based on the model architecture and the training task. However, the representations produced by deep learning models are often difficult to interpret and require additional posthoc methods, e.g., saliency maps. In this work, we integrate the strengths of deep learning and functional connectivity methods while also mitigating their weaknesses. With interpretability in mind, we present a deep learning architecture that exposes a directed graph layer that represents what the model has learned about relevant brain connectivity. A surprising benefit of this architectural interpretability is significantly improved accuracy in discriminating controls and patients with schizophrenia, autism, and dementia, as well as age and gender prediction from functional MRI data. We also resolve the window size selection problem for dynamic directed connectivity estimation as we estimate windowing functions from the data, capturing what is needed to estimate the graph at each time-point. We demonstrate efficacy of our method in comparison with multiple existing models that focus on classification accuracy, unlike our interpretability-focused architecture. Using the same data but training different models on their own discriminative tasks we are able to estimate task-specific directed connectivity matrices for each subject. Results show that the proposed approach is also more robust to confounding factors compared to standard dynamic functional connectivity models. The dynamic patterns captured by our model are naturally interpretable since they highlight the intervals in the signal that are most important for the prediction. The proposed approach reveals that differences in connectivity among sensorimotor networks relative to default-mode networks are an important indicator of dementia and gender. Dysconnectivity between networks, specially sensorimotor and visual, is linked with schizophrenic patients, however schizophrenic patients show increased intra-network default-mode connectivity compared to healthy controls. Sensorimotor connectivity was important for both dementia and schizophrenia prediction, but schizophrenia is more related to dysconnectivity between networks whereas, dementia bio-markers were mostly intra-network connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Mahmood
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Georgia State University, Department of Computer Science, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Georgia State University, Department of Computer Science, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Satrajit Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Georgia State University, Department of Computer Science, Atlanta, GA, USA; Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sergey Plis
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Georgia State University, Department of Computer Science, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Rogojin A, Gorbet DJ, Hawkins KM, Sergio LE. Differences in resting state functional connectivity underlie visuomotor performance declines in older adults with a genetic risk (APOE ε4) for Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1054523. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1054523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionNon-standard visuomotor integration requires the interaction of large networks in the brain. Previous findings have shown that non-standard visuomotor performance is impaired in individuals with specific dementia risk factors (family history of dementia and presence of the APOE ε4 allele) in advance of any cognitive impairments. These findings suggest that visuomotor impairments are associated with early dementia-related brain changes. The current study examined the underlying resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) associated with impaired non-standard visuomotor performance, as well as the impacts of dementia family history, sex, and APOE status.MethodsCognitively healthy older adults (n = 48) were tested on four visuomotor tasks where reach and gaze were increasingly spatially dissociated. Participants who had a family history of dementia or the APOE ε4 allele were considered to be at an increased risk for AD. To quantify RSFC within networks of interest, an EPI sequence sensitive to BOLD contrast was collected. The networks of interest were the default mode network (DMN), somatomotor network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), ventral attention network (VAN), and frontoparietal control network (FPN).ResultsIndividuals with the ε4 allele showed abnormalities in RSFC between posterior DMN nodes that predicted poorer non-standard visuomotor performance. Specifically, multiple linear regression analyses revealed lower RSFC between the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and the left inferior parietal lobule as well as the left parahippocampal cortex. Presence of the APOE ε4 allele also modified the relationship between mean DAN RSFC and visuomotor control, where lower mean RSFC in the DAN predicted worse non-standard visuomotor performance only in APOE ε4 carriers. There were otherwise no effects of family history, APOE ε4 status, or sex on the relationship between RSFC and visuomotor performance for any of the other resting networks.ConclusionThe preliminary findings provide insight into the impact of APOE ε4-related genetic risk on neural networks underlying complex visuomotor transformations, and demonstrate that the non-standard visuomotor task paradigm discussed in this study may be used as a non-invasive, easily accessible assessment tool for dementia risk.
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Unraveling the functional attributes of the language connectome: crucial subnetworks, flexibility and variability. Neuroimage 2022; 263:119672. [PMID: 36209795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Language processing is a highly integrative function, intertwining linguistic operations (processing the language code intentionally used for communication) and extra-linguistic processes (e.g., attention monitoring, predictive inference, long-term memory). This synergetic cognitive architecture requires a distributed and specialized neural substrate. Brain systems have mainly been examined at rest. However, task-related functional connectivity provides additional and valuable information about how information is processed when various cognitive states are involved. We gathered thirteen language fMRI tasks in a unique database of one hundred and fifty neurotypical adults (InLang [Interactive networks of Language] database), providing the opportunity to assess language features across a wide range of linguistic processes. Using this database, we applied network theory as a computational tool to model the task-related functional connectome of language (LANG atlas). The organization of this data-driven neurocognitive atlas of language was examined at multiple levels, uncovering its major components (or crucial subnetworks), and its anatomical and functional correlates. In addition, we estimated its reconfiguration as a function of linguistic demand (flexibility) or several factors such as age or gender (variability). We observed that several discrete networks could be specifically shaped to promote key functional features of language: coding-decoding (Net1), control-executive (Net2), abstract-knowledge (Net3), and sensorimotor (Net4) functions. The architecture of these systems and the functional connectivity of the pivotal brain regions varied according to the nature of the linguistic process, gender, or age. By accounting for the multifaceted nature of language and modulating factors, this study can contribute to enriching and refining existing neurocognitive models of language. The LANG atlas can also be considered a reference for comparative or clinical studies involving various patients and conditions.
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Chang T, Chen N, Fan Y. Uncovering sex/gender differences of arithmetic in the human brain: Insights from fMRI studies. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2775. [PMID: 36128729 PMCID: PMC9575600 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the long run, STEM fields had been perceived as dominant by males, despite that numerous studies have shown that female students do not underperform their male classmates in mathematics and science. In this review, we discuss whether and how sex/gender shows specificity in arithmetic processing using a cognitive neuroscience approach not only to capture contemporary differences in brain and behavior but also to provide exclusive brain bases knowledge that is unseen in behavioral outcomes alone. We begin by summarizing studies that had examined sex differences/similarities in behavioral performance of mathematical learning, with a specific focus on large-scale meta-analytical data. We then discuss how the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach can contribute to understanding neural mechanisms underlying sex-specific effects of mathematical learning by reviewing structural and functional data. Finally, we close this review by proposing potential research issues for further exploration of the sex effect using neuroimaging technology. Through the lens of advancement in the neuroimaging technique, we seek to provide insights into uncovering sex-specific neural mechanisms of learning to inform and achieve genuine gender equality in education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Ting Chang
- Department of PsychologyNational Chengchi UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Research Center for Mind, Brain & LearningNational Chengchi UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Nai‐Feng Chen
- Department of PsychologyNational Chengchi UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yang‐Teng Fan
- Graduate Institute of MedicineYuan Ze UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
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Resting-state fMRI functional connectivity of the left temporal parietal junction is associated with visual temporal order threshold. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15933. [PMID: 36153359 PMCID: PMC9509386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the relationship between the millisecond timing, measured by visual temporal order threshold (TOT), i.e. a minimum gap between two successive stimuli necessary to judge a before-after relation, and resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (rsFC). We assume that the TOT reflects a relatively stable feature of local internal state networks and is associated with rsFC of the temporal parietal junction (TPJ). Sixty five healthy young adults underwent the visual TOT, fluid intelligence (Gf) and an eyes-open resting-state fMRI examination. After controlling for the influence of gender, the higher the TOT, the stronger was the left TPJ’s rsFC with the left postcentral and the right precentral gyri, bilateral putamen and the right supplementary motor area. When the effects of Gf and TOT × Gf interaction were additionally controlled, the TOT—left TPJ’s rsFC relationship survived for almost all above regions with the exception of the left and right putamen. This is the first study demonstrating that visual TOT is associated with rsFC between the areas involved both in sub-second timing and motor control. Current outcomes indicate that the local neural networks are prepared to process brief, rapidly presented, consecutive events, even in the absence of such stimulation.
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Spets DS, Slotnick SD. Sex is predicted by spatial memory multivariate activation patterns. Learn Mem 2022; 29:297-301. [PMID: 36206398 PMCID: PMC9488029 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053608.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Whether sex differences exist in the brain at the macroscopic level, as measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is a topic of debate. The present spatial long-term memory functional MRI (fMRI) study predicted sex based on event-related patterns of brain activity. Within spatial memory regions of interest, patterns of activity associated with females and males were used to predict the sex of each member of left-out female-male pairs at above-chance accuracy. The current results provide evidence for sex differences in the brain processes underlying spatial long-term memory. This is the first time that sex has been predicted using event-related fMRI activation patterns. The present findings contribute to a growing body of evidence that there are functional and anatomic sex differences in the brain and, more broadly, question the widespread practice of collapsing across sex in the field of cognitive neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan S Spets
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Scott D Slotnick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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Henze GI, Rosenbaum D, Bärt C, Laicher H, Konzok J, Kudielka BM, Fallgatter AJ, Wüst S, Ehlis AC, Kreuzpointner L. Comparing two psychosocial stress paradigms for imaging environments - ScanSTRESS and fNIRS-TSST: correlation structures between stress responses. Behav Brain Res 2022; 436:114080. [PMID: 36030907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present post-hoc analysis of two independent studies conducted in different laboratories aimed at comparing reactions of stress activation systems in response to two different psychosocial stress induction paradigms. Both paradigms are based on the Trier Social Stress Test and suited for neuroimaging environments. In an in-depth analysis, data from 67 participants (36 men, 31 women) from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study implementing ScanSTRESS were compared with data from a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study implementing the so-called 'fNIRS-TSST' including 45 participants (8 men, 37 women). We tested the equivalence of correlation patterns between the stress response measures cortisol, heart rate, affect, and neural responses in the two samples. Moreover, direct comparisons of affective and neural responses were made. Similar correlation structures were identified for all stress activation systems, except for neural contrasts of paradigm conditions (stress vs. control) showing significant differences in association with cortisol, heart rate, and affective variables between the two samples. Furthermore, both stress paradigms elicited comparable affective and cortical stress responses. Apart from methodological differences (e.g., procedure, timing of the paradigms) the present analysis suggests that both paradigms are capable of inducing moderate acute psychosocial stress to a comparable extent with regard to affective and cortical stress responses. Moreover, similar association structures between different stress response systems were found in both studies. Thus, depending on the study objective and the respective advantages of each imaging approach, both paradigms have demonstrated their usefulness for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Bärt
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Laicher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Julian Konzok
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wüst
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany.
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Shanmugan S, Seidlitz J, Cui Z, Adebimpe A, Bassett DS, Bertolero MA, Davatzikos C, Fair DA, Gur RE, Gur RC, Larsen B, Li H, Pines A, Raznahan A, Roalf DR, Shinohara RT, Vogel J, Wolf DH, Fan Y, Alexander-Bloch A, Satterthwaite TD. Sex differences in the functional topography of association networks in youth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110416119. [PMID: 35939696 PMCID: PMC9388107 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110416119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior work has shown that there is substantial interindividual variation in the spatial distribution of functional networks across the cerebral cortex, or functional topography. However, it remains unknown whether there are sex differences in the topography of individualized networks in youth. Here, we leveraged an advanced machine learning method (sparsity-regularized non-negative matrix factorization) to define individualized functional networks in 693 youth (ages 8 to 23 y) who underwent functional MRI as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Multivariate pattern analysis using support vector machines classified participant sex based on functional topography with 82.9% accuracy (P < 0.0001). Brain regions most effective in classifying participant sex belonged to association networks, including the ventral attention, default mode, and frontoparietal networks. Mass univariate analyses using generalized additive models with penalized splines provided convergent results. Furthermore, transcriptomic data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas revealed that sex differences in multivariate patterns of functional topography were spatially correlated with the expression of genes on the X chromosome. These results highlight the role of sex as a biological variable in shaping functional topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Shanmugan
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing,102206, China
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Danielle S. Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501
| | - Maxwell A. Bertolero
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hongming Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Adam Pines
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David R. Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jacob Vogel
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Sanchis-Segura C, Aguirre N, Cruz-Gómez ÁJ, Félix S, Forn C. Beyond "sex prediction": Estimating and interpreting multivariate sex differences and similarities in the brain. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119343. [PMID: 35654377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that machine-learning (ML) algorithms can "predict" sex based on brain anatomical/ functional features. The high classification accuracy achieved by ML algorithms is often interpreted as revealing large differences between the brains of males and females and as confirming the existence of "male/female brains". However, classification and estimation are different concepts, and using classification metrics as surrogate estimates of between-group differences may result in major statistical and interpretative distortions. The present study avoids these distortions and provides a novel and detailed assessment of multivariate sex differences in gray matter volume (GMVOL) that does not rely on classification metrics. Moreover, appropriate regression methods were used to identify the brain areas that contribute the most to these multivariate differences, and clustering techniques and analyses of similarities (ANOSIM) were employed to empirically assess whether they assemble into two sex-typical profiles. Results revealed that multivariate sex differences in GMVOL: (1) are "large" if not adjusted for total intracranial volume (TIV) variation, but "small" when controlling for this variable; (2) differ in size between individuals and also depends on the ML algorithm used for their calculation (3) do not stem from two sex-typical profiles, and so describing them in terms of "male/female brains" is misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sanchis-Segura
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, SN., Castelló 12071, Spain.
| | - Naiara Aguirre
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, SN., Castelló 12071, Spain
| | - Álvaro Javier Cruz-Gómez
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, SN., Castelló 12071, Spain
| | - Sonia Félix
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, SN., Castelló 12071, Spain
| | - Cristina Forn
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, SN., Castelló 12071, Spain
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Hassanzadeh R, Calhoun V. A Supervised Contrastive Learning-based Analysis of rs-tMRI Data Captures Gender Differences in Nonlinear Functional Network Coupling. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:4641-4644. [PMID: 36085950 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many studies in neuroscience have focused on interpreting brain activity using functional connectivity (FC). The most widely used approach for measuring FC is based on linear correlation (e.g., the Pearson correlation), where the temporal cofluctuations between functional brain regions are computed. However, such approaches ignore nonlinear dependencies among regions that might carry distinctive information across groups of subjects. In this study, we offer a deep learning-based approach that also captures nonlinear temporal relationships between brain networks. Our approach consists of two main parts: an encoder that learns domain-specific embeddings of time courses estimated from independent component analysis (ICA) and a similarity metric that measures the similarities between the embeddings. We call such similarities as nonlinear functional relationships between networks. Our findings on a large dataset (including above 11k normal control subjects) suggest that male subjects exhibit stronger nonlinear network-network relationships than female subjects in most cases. Furthermore, we observe that, unlike FC, our approach could capture some intra-network relationships, especially between cognitive control and visual networks, which are significantly different between males and females, suggesting that our approach can provide a complementary interpretation of the functional brain activity to FC.
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Mapping caudal inferior parietal cortex supports the hypothesis about a modulating cortical area. Neuroimage 2022; 259:119441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Dorfschmidt L, Bethlehem RA, Seidlitz J, Váša F, White SR, Romero-García R, Kitzbichler MG, Aruldass AR, Morgan SE, Goodyer IM, Fonagy P, Jones PB, Dolan RJ, Harrison NA, Vértes PE, Bullmore ET. Sexually divergent development of depression-related brain networks during healthy human adolescence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7825. [PMID: 35622918 PMCID: PMC9140984 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sexual differences in human brain development could be relevant to sex differences in the incidence of depression during adolescence. We tested for sex differences in parameters of normative brain network development using fMRI data on N = 298 healthy adolescents, aged 14 to 26 years, each scanned one to three times. Sexually divergent development of functional connectivity was located in the default mode network, limbic cortex, and subcortical nuclei. Females had a more "disruptive" pattern of development, where weak functional connectivity at age 14 became stronger during adolescence. This fMRI-derived map of sexually divergent brain network development was robustly colocated with i prior loci of reward-related brain activation ii a map of functional dysconnectivity in major depressive disorder (MDD), and iii an adult brain gene transcriptional pattern enriched for genes on the X chromosome, neurodevelopmental genes, and risk genes for MDD. We found normative sexual divergence in adolescent development of a cortico-subcortical brain functional network that is relevant to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Dorfschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | | | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - František Váša
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Simon R. White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | | | | | - Athina R. Aruldass
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Sarah E. Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London NW1 2DB, UK
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Ian M. Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Huntingdon PE29 3RJ, UK
| | - Ray J. Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, UK
| | | | - Neil A. Harrison
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex Campus, Brighton BN1 9RY, UK
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Petra E. Vértes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
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Al Zoubi O, Misaki M, Tsuchiyagaito A, Zotev V, White E, Paulus M, Bodurka J. Machine Learning Evidence for Sex Differences Consistently Influences Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fluctuations Across Multiple Independently Acquired Data Sets. Brain Connect 2022; 12:348-361. [PMID: 34269609 PMCID: PMC9131354 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Introduction: Sex classification using functional connectivity from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has shown promising results. This suggested that sex difference might also be embedded in the blood-oxygen-level-dependent properties such as the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the fraction of ALFF (fALFF). This study comprehensively investigates sex differences using a reliable and explainable machine learning (ML) pipeline. Five independent cohorts of rs-fMRI with over than 5500 samples were used to assess sex classification performance and map the spatial distribution of the important brain regions. Methods: Five rs-fMRI samples were used to extract ALFF and fALFF features from predefined brain parcellations and then were fed into an unbiased and explainable ML pipeline with a wide range of methods. The pipeline comprehensively assessed unbiased performance for within-sample and across-sample validation. In addition, the parcellation effect, classifier selection, scanning length, spatial distribution, reproducibility, and feature importance were analyzed and evaluated thoroughly in the study. Results: The results demonstrated high sex classification accuracies from healthy adults (area under the curve >0.89), while degrading for nonhealthy subjects. Sex classification showed moderate to good intraclass correlation coefficient based on parcellation. Linear classifiers outperform nonlinear classifiers. Sex differences could be detected even with a short rs-fMRI scan (e.g., 2 min). The spatial distribution of important features overlaps with previous results from studies. Discussion: Sex differences are consistent in rs-fMRI and should be considered seriously in any study design, analysis, or interpretation. Features that discriminate males and females were found to be distributed across several different brain regions, suggesting a complex mosaic for sex differences in rs-fMRI. Impact statement The presented study unraveled that sex differences are embedded in the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) and can be predicted using unbiased and explainable machine learning pipeline. The study revealed that psychiatric disorders and demographics might influence the BOLD signal and interact with the classification of sex. The spatial distribution of the important features presented here supports the notion that the brain is a mosaic of male and female features. The findings emphasize the importance of controlling for sex when conducting brain imaging analysis. In addition, the presented framework can be adapted to classify other variables from resting-state BOLD signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obada Al Zoubi
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masaya Misaki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Vadim Zotev
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Evan White
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Martin Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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48
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Kim K, Joo YY, Ahn G, Wang HH, Moon SY, Kim H, Ahn WY, Cha J. The sexual brain, genes, and cognition: A machine-predicted brain sex score explains individual differences in cognitive intelligence and genetic influence in young children. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3857-3872. [PMID: 35471639 PMCID: PMC9294341 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex impacts the development of the brain and cognition differently across individuals. However, the literature on brain sex dimorphism in humans is mixed. We aim to investigate the biological underpinnings of the individual variability of sexual dimorphism in the brain and its impact on cognitive performance. To this end, we tested whether the individual difference in brain sex would be linked to that in cognitive performance that is influenced by genetic factors in prepubertal children (N = 9,658, ages 9-10 years old; the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study). To capture the interindividual variability of the brain, we estimated the probability of being male or female based on the brain morphometry and connectivity features using machine learning (herein called a brain sex score). The models accurately classified the biological sex with a test ROC-AUC of 93.32%. As a result, a greater brain sex score correlated significantly with greater intelligence (pfdr < .001, η p 2 $$ {\eta}_p^2 $$ = .011-.034; adjusted for covariates) and higher cognitive genome-wide polygenic scores (GPSs) (pfdr < .001, η p 2 $$ {\eta}_p^2 $$ < .005). Structural equation models revealed that the GPS-intelligence association was significantly modulated by the brain sex score, such that a brain with a higher maleness score (or a lower femaleness score) mediated a positive GPS effect on intelligence (indirect effects = .006-.009; p = .002-.022; sex-stratified analysis). The finding of the sex modulatory effect on the gene-brain-cognition relationship presents a likely biological pathway to the individual and sex differences in the brain and cognitive performance in preadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakyeong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Gun Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Hwan Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo-Yoon Moon
- College of Liberal Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,AI Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,AI Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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49
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Mei L, Wang Y, Liu C, Mou J, Yuan Y, Qiu L, Gong Q. Study of Sex Differences in Unmedicated Patients With Major Depressive Disorder by Using Resting State Brain Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:814410. [PMID: 35431791 PMCID: PMC9008299 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.814410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Some important clinical characteristics of major depressive disorder (MDD) differ between sexes. We explored abnormal spontaneous neuronal activity in MDD patients using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and its relationship to clinical manifestations in male and female patients, to seek the neural mechanisms underlying sex-related differences in depression. Twenty-five male MDD patients, 36 female MDD patients, and 25 male and 36 female matched healthy controls (HC) were included. The ALFF difference was investigated among four groups, and partial correlation analysis was used to explore a possible clinical relevance. The main effect results of sex difference were located in the bilateral caudate nucleus and posterior cingulate gyrus. Post hoc comparisons found that the male MDD patients showed decreased ALFF in the bilateral caudate nucleus and posterior cingulate gyrus when compared with female MDD patients/female HCs, and female MDD patients showed increased ALFF in the bilateral caudate nucleus and posterior cingulate gyrus when compared with male HCs. The average ALFF of the right caudate nucleus was positively correlated with illness duration in female MDD patients. Our results suggest that the sex-specific abnormal brain activity might be a potential pathomechanism of different symptoms in male and female MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Mei
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingping Mou
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
- Department of Radiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lihua Qiu,
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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50
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Dhamala E, Jamison KW, Jaywant A, Kuceyeski A. Shared functional connections within and between cortical networks predict cognitive abilities in adult males and females. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:1087-1102. [PMID: 34811849 PMCID: PMC8764478 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A thorough understanding of sex-independent and sex-specific neurobiological features that underlie cognitive abilities in healthy individuals is essential for the study of neurological illnesses in which males and females differentially experience and exhibit cognitive impairment. Here, we evaluate sex-independent and sex-specific relationships between functional connectivity and individual cognitive abilities in 392 healthy young adults (196 males) from the Human Connectome Project. First, we establish that sex-independent models comparably predict crystallised abilities in males and females, but only successfully predict fluid abilities in males. Second, we demonstrate sex-specific models comparably predict crystallised abilities within and between sexes, and generally fail to predict fluid abilities in either sex. Third, we reveal that largely overlapping connections between visual, dorsal attention, ventral attention, and temporal parietal networks are associated with better performance on crystallised and fluid cognitive tests in males and females, while connections within visual, somatomotor, and temporal parietal networks are associated with poorer performance. Together, our findings suggest that shared neurobiological features of the functional connectome underlie crystallised and fluid abilities across the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvisha Dhamala
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Present address:
Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Keith W. Jamison
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Abhishek Jaywant
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- NewYork‐Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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