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Wang Y, Hu Y, Zhang X, Luo Y, Ma L, Lu J, Liang Q, Xu C, Zhao C, Pan CQ. IP-10 Interferes With the Antiviral Response of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents for Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Front Public Health 2022; 10:911551. [PMID: 35923969 PMCID: PMC9342904 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.911551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased interferon (IFN)-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) level has been shown to be associated with sustained virologic responses (SVRs) to pegylated interferon-alpha 2a/ribavirin-based therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We investigated the relationship between IP-10 and treatment response in patients with CHC treated with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) therapy. Methods We measured the dynamic changes of IP-10 in samples from 90 patients with CHC. The serum IP-10 levels, intrahepatic expressions of IP-10 mRNA, and protein were determined, respectively. For the in vitro experiments, the expression changes of IP-10 in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-replicating Huh-7 cells with or without non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitor were analyzed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results Patients with chronic hepatitis C had increased baseline IP-10 levels, intrahepatic IP-10 mRNA, and protein expression. After initiating DAAs therapy, serum IP-10 levels decreased gradually in patients who achieved cure, whereas in patients who failed the therapy, IP-10 levels did not change significantly or recovered from the initial decline. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that baseline IP-10 level ≤ 450 pg/ml and decline >30% at 12 weeks independently predicted the SVR in patients with CHC who received DAAs. In vitro, the expression of IP-10 mRNA and protein in HCV-replicating Huh-7 cells increased significantly. However, such activities were downregulated by NS5A inhibitor, followed by the reduction of HCV RNA levels and a decline in IP-10 levels. Conclusion IP-10 interfered with HCV replication in hepatocytes and the dynamic decline in IP-10 levels during DAA treatment predicted the SVR in patients with CHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Luyuan Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Qianfei Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chengjun Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Kuancheng Manchu Nationality Autonomous County, Chengde, China
| | - Caiyan Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Caiyan Zhao
| | - Calvin Q. Pan
- Center for Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical Univerisity, Beijing, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NYU Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Calvin Q. Pan
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2
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Brochado-Kith Ó, Martínez I, Berenguer J, González-García J, Salgüero S, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Díez C, Hontañón V, Ibañez-Samaniego L, Pérez-Latorre L, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa M, Resino S. HCV Cure With Direct-Acting Antivirals Improves Liver and Immunological Markers in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:723196. [PMID: 34497613 PMCID: PMC8419228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure after all-oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy greatly improves the liver and immune system. We aimed to assess the impact of this HCV clearance on immune system-related markers in plasma and the gene expression profile in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV-coinfected patients with advanced cirrhosis. We performed a prospective study on 33 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients at baseline and 36 weeks after the sustained virological response. Gene expression was evaluated by RNA-seq analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma biomarkers by multiplex immunoassays. We found a decrease in plasma biomarkers (PD1, PDL1, CXCL10, CXCL8, IL12p70, IL10, and TGFβ) and liver disease markers (stiffness measurement (LSM), hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), and transaminases, among others). Furthermore, decreased plasma levels of CXCL8, CXCL10, IL10, and PD1 were associated with reduced LSM values. We also found two upregulated (HAS1 and IRG1) and 15 downregulated (CXCL11, CCL8, CCL7, CCL2, ADARB2, RRAD, MX1, SIGLEC1, IFI44L, IFI44, IFI27, IFI6, IFIT3, IFIT1B, and IFIT1) genes at the end of follow-up, all interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) grouped into four pathways (“cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction”, “viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor”, “chemokine signaling pathway”, and “hepatitis C”). Additionally, the decrease in most of these ISGs was significantly related to reduced LSM and HVPG values. In conclusion, HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with advanced-HCV-related cirrhosis who eradicated HCV following DAA therapy exhibited an improvement in liver disease markers and a significant decrease in plasma biomarkers and gene expression related to antiviral/inflammatory response, particularly in levels of several chemokines and ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Brochado-Kith
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Berenguer
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan González-García
- Unidad de VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "La Paz", Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Salgüero
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Hontañón
- Unidad de VIH, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "La Paz", Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ibañez-Samaniego
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Pérez-Latorre
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Afzal M, Ali A, Sheikh N, Rafique S, Idrees M. Peripheral Expression of CXCL10 Gene in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Sofosbuvir, Daclatasvir, and Ribavirin. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:301-309. [PMID: 32486887 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes persistent infection and invades host's innate and adaptive immune systems. During the eradication of this pathogen, the components of immune system may cause bystander damage to host, which might be even worse than the viral pathogenesis. Thus, the therapy should not only eliminate primary virus infection but also improve the inflammatory immune responses. The breakthrough of interferon free direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs has provided the opportunity to unravel the association of HCV with immune response. This study aimed to examine the expression level of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in the Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HCV infected patients treated with DAAs + Ribavirin. In this study we analyzed the expression levels of CXCL10 mRNA in the 90 chronic HCV patients using quantitative PCR (qPCR) prior, after, and during therapy with sofosbuvir/ribavirin (SOF+RBV) and sofosbuvir/daclatasvir/ribavirin (SOF+DCV+RBV), and further, the results were analyzed relative to treatment response. Significantly elevated CXCL10 mRNA was seen in naive patients having higher viral load (P = 0.005) and those suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (P = 0.006). HCV patients had remarkable decline in CXCL10 level after 4, 12, and 24 weeks of therapy with DAAs. An approximate one-fold decrease was observed in patients who attained sustained virological response compared to untreated patients (P < 0.0001). Comparing the 2 regimens, the reduction in peripheral CXCL10 expression was more pronounced in patients undergoing SOF+DCV+RBV therapy. The current study implicitly shows the role of CXCL10 as an indicator of disruption of host-virus equilibrium and consequent pathogenesis of HCV during successful antiviral therapy. Furthermore, the drop in CXCL10 level after HCV viral clearance might reflect the DAA-induced alleviation in the extrahepatic manifestation of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Afzal
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Divison of Molecular Virology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Divison of Molecular Virology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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4
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Gao J, Wu L, Wang S, Chen X. Role of Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 10 (CXCL10) in Renal Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6194864. [PMID: 32089645 PMCID: PMC7025113 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6194864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine C-X-C ligand 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), exerts biological function mainly through binding to its specific receptor, CXCR3. Studies have shown that renal resident mesangial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells, podocytes, endothelial cells, and infiltrating inflammatory cells express CXCL10 and CXCR3 under inflammatory conditions. In the last few years, strong experimental and clinical evidence has indicated that CXCL10 is involved in the development of renal diseases through the chemoattraction of inflammatory cells and facilitation of cell growth and angiostatic effects. In addition, CXCL10 has been shown to be a significant biomarker of disease severity, and it can be used as a prognostic indicator for a variety of renal diseases, such as renal allograft dysfunction and lupus nephritis. In this review, we summarize the structures and biological functions of CXCL10 and CXCR3, focusing on the important role of CXCL10 in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, and provide a theoretical basis for CXCL10 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in human kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Siyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
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5
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Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Ruffilli I, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Patrizio A, Mazzi V, Colaci M, Giuggioli D, Ferri C, Antonelli A. Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C? J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:5878960. [PMID: 31485460 PMCID: PMC6702819 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5878960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 and other CXCR3 chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of acute and "chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection" (CHC). Here, we review the scientific literature about HCV and CXCL10. The combination of circulating CXCL10 and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-28B can identify patients with acute HCV infection most likely to undergo spontaneous HCV clearance and those in need of early antiviral therapy. In CHC, the HCV and intrahepatic interferon- (IFN-) γ drive a raised CXCL10 expression by sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes, thereby inducing the recruitment of CXCR3-expressing T cells into the liver; thus, CXCL10 plays an important role in the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis. Increased CXCL10 was significantly associated with the presence of active vasculitis in HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia, or with autoimmune thyroiditis in CHC. Pretreatment CXCL10 levels are predictive of early virological response and sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN-α and ribavirin and may be useful in the evaluation of candidates for therapy. The occurrence of SNPs adjacent to IL-28B (rs12979860, rs12980275, and rs8099917), and CXCL10 below 150 pg/mL, independently predicted the first phase viral decline and rapid virological response, which in turn independently predicted SVR. Directly acting antiviral agents-mediated clearance of HCV is associated with the loss of intrahepatic immune activation by IFN-α, associated by decreased levels of CXCL10. In conclusion, CXCL10 is an important marker of HCV clearance and successful therapy in CHC patients. Whether CXCL10 is a novel therapeutic target in CHC will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Colaci
- Internal Medicine Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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6
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IP-10 dried blood spots assay monitoring treatment efficacy in extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a low-resource setting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3871. [PMID: 30846768 PMCID: PMC6405853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment efficacy is difficult to evaluate in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) patients. Interferon-γ inducible protein (IP-)10 has been suggested as a biomarker for response to treatment. We have investigated if IP-10 from dried plasma spots (DPS) or dried blood spots (DBS) can be used in treatment monitoring of EPTB patients in a low-resource setting of Zanzibar. IP-10 levels in plasma, DPS and DBS samples collected before, during (2 months) and after TB treatment of 36 EPTB patients (6 culture and/or Xpert MTB/RIF positive and 30 clinically diagnosed) and 8 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There was a high positive correlation between IP-10 measured in plasma and DPS and DBS, respectively. We found a significant decline in IP-10 levels from baseline to end of treatment in plasma, DPS and DBS, both in EPTB and PTB patients. The declines were observed already after 2 months in HIV negative patients. In conclusion, the DPS/DBS IP-10 assay allows for easy and manageable monitoring in low-resource settings and our findings suggest that IP-10 may serve as a biomarker for treatment efficacy in EPTB patients, albeit further studies in cohorts of patients with treatment failure and relapse are needed.
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7
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Consequence of HIV and HCV co-infection on host immune response, persistence and current treatment options. Virusdisease 2018; 29:19-26. [PMID: 29607354 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common opportunistic pathogen especially among Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Due to incongruous studies, the pathological effect of HCV on HIV induced disease are still not fully understood. While some studies have showed no effect of HCV on HIV infection, others reported a defined role of HCV in aggravating the rates of AIDS-related illnesses and mortality. The explanation of such variances may be due to the host immune response, viral genotypes, sub-type and quasi-species distribution. The factors that complicate the management of HIV/HCV patients are: (1) reduced HCV antibody production, (2) drug interactions, (3) liver disease and (4) different epidemiologic characteristics. However, it is abundantly clear that the morbidity and mortality caused by HCV have increased since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) against HIV. In this review, the consequence of HIV/HCV co-infection on host immune response, viral replication, disease progression, mortality and morbidity, viral load, persistence and current treatment options have been discussed. Based on the clinical studies, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of HCV therapy on HIV progression and to provide a fully active HCV treatment for patients receiving HIV treatment. In conclusion, it is recommended to provide fully active HAART therapy in combination with a known HCV therapy.
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8
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Mascia C, Vita S, Zuccalà P, Marocco R, Tieghi T, Savinelli S, Rossi R, Iannetta M, Pozzetto I, Furlan C, Mengoni F, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V, Lichtner M. Changes in inflammatory biomarkers in HCV-infected patients undergoing direct acting antiviral-containing regimens with or without interferon. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28636655 PMCID: PMC5499435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Increased levels of chemokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-inducible protein-10
(CXCL10), soluble CD163 (sCD163) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) have been reported
in HCV infection. The aim of this study was to compare, sCD163 and sCD14
levels in HCV-infected patients undergoing direct acting antiviral
(DAA)-containing regimens with or without interferon (IFN). Methods sCD163, sCD14 and CXCL10 were longitudinally measured by ELISA in 159 plasma
samples from 25 HCV-infected patients undergoing IFN-based treatment plus
telaprevir or boceprevir and 28 HCV infected subjects treated with DAA
IFN-free regimens. Twenty-five healthy donors (HD) were included as
controls. Results At baseline CXCL10, sCD163 and sCD14 levels were higher in HCV-infected
patients than in HD. CXCL10 and sCD163 levels were significantly decreased
in responder (R) patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR),
with both IFN-based and IFN-free regimens, while they were persistently
elevated in non-responders (NR) patients who stopped IFN-based treatments
because of failure or adverse events. Conversely, sCD14 levels were
apparently unchanged during therapy, but at the end of treatment the levels
reached normal ranges. Comparing the two regimens, the extent of CXCL10
reduction was more pronounced in patients undergoing DAA IFN-free therapies,
whereas sCD163 and sCD14 reduction was similar in the two groups. Interestingly, only in IFN-based regimens baseline sCD163 levels were
significantly higher in NR than in R patients, while in the IFN-free
treatment group also patients with high sCD163 plasma levels obtained SVR.
At the end of therapy, even if the biomarkers were largely decreased, their
levels remained significantly higher compared to HD. Only in the early
fibrosis stages, sCD163 values tended to normalize. Conclusions These results indicate that IFN-free regimens including newer DAA induce an
early and marked decrease in circulating inflammatory biomarkers. However,
the full normalization of biomarkers was not obtained, especially in
patients with advanced fibrosis, thus underlying the need for a treatment in
the early stages of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mascia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Serena Vita
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zuccalà
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Marocco
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital,
Latina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tieghi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital,
Latina, Italy
| | - Stefano Savinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rossi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Pozzetto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital,
Latina, Italy
| | - Caterina Furlan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mengoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital,
Latina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Lichtner
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital,
Latina, Italy
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9
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Neesgaard B, Ruhwald M, Weis N. Inducible protein-10 as a predictive marker of antiviral hepatitis C treatment: A systematic review. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:677-688. [PMID: 28588752 PMCID: PMC5437612 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i14.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate interferon-γ-inducible protein-10’s (IP-10) potential to anticipate rapid (RVR)- and sustained virological responses (SVR) to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment.
METHODS We included case series examining RVR or SVR in relation to 24 or 48 wk treatment for CHC, in patients treatment free for at least six months, with genotype 1 or 4, and in relation to 24 wk treatment for genotype 2 and 3, with pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin. Patients had to have both a baseline IP-10 level as well as a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA determination 4 wk after treatment initiation or 24 wk after end of treatment. Studies including patients with liver diseases other than CHC, human immunodeficiency virus-infection, treatment with immunosuppresents or cytostatica, alcohol dependency or active intravenous drug-use were excluded. We found 81 articles by searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Eight studies were eligible for inclusion. Their quality were assesed using an 18 point checklist for case series, developed using a modified Delphi technique. Information was extracted from the articles, and no raw data was requisitioned. The review protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (reg. number: CRD42014008736).
RESULTS Three studies reported on baseline IP-10 level in association with RVR. A signigficant association was found for HCV genotype 1 infection by two studies. Only two studies reported on HCV genotype 4 infected and genotype 2 and 3 infected patients, respectively. A trend was seen for an association between RVR and baseline IP-10 for genotype 4, while no association was found for genotype 2 and 3. Seven studies provided information regarding baseline IP-10 and SVR. Following the pattern regarding rapid virological response all five studies examining SVR in relation to baseline IP-10 levels for HCV, genotype 1 infected patients showed a significant association. Likewise a significant association was seen for HCV, genotype 4 infected, while no association was found for HCV, genotype 2 and 3 infected. Though only two studies examined the assosiation for HCV genotype 4 infected and HCV genotype 2 and 3 infected respectively.
CONCLUSION We found indications of a possible association between baseline IP-10 level and virological responses in patients with CHC genotype 1 and 4.
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Childs K, Merritt E, Considine A, Sanchez-Fueyo A, Agarwal K, Martinez-Llordella M, Carey I. Immunological Predictors of Nonresponse to Directly Acting Antiviral Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C and Decompensated Cirrhosis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx067. [PMID: 28584852 PMCID: PMC5450903 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained virological response rates (SVRs) to directly acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) are lower in decompensated cirrhosis. Markers of innate immunity predict nonresponse to interferon-based HCV treatment; however, whether they are associated with the response to DAAs in patients with decompensation is not known. METHODS Information on demographics, adherence, viral kinetics, and resistance were gathered prospectively from a cohort with decompensated cirrhosis treated with 12 weeks of DAAs. C-X-C motif chemokine-10 (CXCL-10) level and T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell phenotype were analyzed pretreatment and at 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Of 32 patients, 24 of 32 (75%) achieved SVR (responders). Eight of 32 (25%) experienced relapse after the end of treatment (nonresponders). There were no differences in demographics or adherence between groups. Nonresponders had higher CXCL-10; 320 pg/mL (179461) vs 109 pg/mL (88170) in responders (P < .001) and differential CXCL-10 dynamics. Nonresponders had lower NK cell frequency, higher expression of activation receptor NKp30, and lower frequency of the NK subset CD56-CD16+. CONCLUSIONS Nonresponders to DAAs displayed a different NK phenotype and CXCL-10 profile to responders. Nonresponders did not have poorer adherence or baseline virological resistance, and this shows that immunological parameters are associated with treatment response to interferon-free treatment for HCV in individuals with decompensated cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Childs
- Liver Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Elliot Merritt
- Liver Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Aisling Considine
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kosh Agarwal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ivana Carey
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Wang Y, Yu W, Shen C, Wang W, Zhang L, Liu F, Sun H, Zhao Y, Che H, Zhao C. Predictive Value of Serum IFN-γ inducible Protein-10 and IFN-γ/IL-4 Ratio for Liver Fibrosis Progression in CHB Patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40404. [PMID: 28067328 PMCID: PMC5220308 DOI: 10.1038/srep40404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive serum markers for assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have not been well-studied. The present study was to evaluate the predictive value of serum interferon gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10/CXCL10) and the interferon (IFN)-γ/interleukin (IL)-4 ratio for liver fibrosis progression in CHB patients. A total of 180 CHB patients were categorized into four groups: no fibrosis, mild fibrosis, moderate fibrosis, and severe fibrosis. Serum and intrahepatic levels of IP-10, IFN-γ, and IL-4 were examined, from which the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was calculated. We found that the serum IP-10 levels were positively correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis, whereas the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was negatively associated with the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the serum IP-10 was an independent predictor for significant fibrosis. For predicting significant fibrosis, the IP-10 cut-off value of 300 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 92.7% and a specificity of 68.6%. When the IP-10 level was combined with the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, the specificity and positive predictive value were 93.8% and 94.6%, respectively; thus, the discriminatory ability was much improved. In conclusion, the serum IP-10 level and the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio have great potential to predict significant fibrosis among CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Weiyan Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chuan Shen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yajuan Zhao
- Division of Liver Disease, The Infectious Disease Hospital of Handan City, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Honghao Che
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Caiyan Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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12
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Büsch K, Waldenström J, Lagging M, Aleman S, Weiland O, Kövamees J, Duberg AS, Söderholm J. Prevalence and comorbidities of chronic hepatitis C: a nationwide population-based register study in Sweden. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:61-68. [PMID: 27598393 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1228119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of physician-diagnosed and registered chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and to estimate the reported frequencies of Charlson comorbidities compared with matched comparators from the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were identified according to ICD codes for CHC in the Swedish National Patient Register (1997-2013). Prevalence was estimated according to different patient identification algorithms and for different subgroups. Charlson comorbidities were ascertained from the same register and compared with age/sex/county of residence matched general population comparators. RESULTS A total of 34,633 individuals with physician-diagnosed CHC were alive in Sweden in 2013 (mean age, 49 years; 64% men), corresponding to a physician-diagnosed prevalence of 0.36%. The prevalence varied by case definition (0.22%-0.36%). The estimate dropped to 0.14% for monitored CHC disease (defined as ≥1 CHC-related visit in 2013). Overall, 41.3% of the CHC patients had ≥1 physician-registered Charlson comorbidity; the most common was liver diseases (22.1%). Compared with matched comparators from the general population (n = 171,338), patients with CHC had more physician-diagnosed and registered diseases such as chronic pulmonary disease (10.2% vs. 4.0%), diabetes (10.6% vs. 5.5%) and liver-related cancer (1.3% vs. 0.2%; all p < .01). No information on behavioural factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption or on-going illicit drug use, was available. CONCLUSION The physician-diagnosed prevalence of CHC was slightly lower than previously reported estimates, and varied by case definition. The additional comorbidities observed in the CHC group should be taken into consideration, as these comorbidities add to the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Büsch
- a AbbVie AB , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,h Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology , Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jesper Waldenström
- c Department of Infectious Medicine , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Martin Lagging
- c Department of Infectious Medicine , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Soo Aleman
- d Department of Infectious Diseases , Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,e Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ola Weiland
- f Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Infectious Diseases , Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Ann-Sofi Duberg
- g Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
| | - Jonas Söderholm
- a AbbVie AB , Stockholm , Sweden.,h Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology , Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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13
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Yamagiwa Y, Asano M, Kawasaki Y, Korenaga M, Murata K, Kanto T, Mizokami M, Masaki N. Pretreatment serum levels of interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 are associated with virologic response to telaprevir-based therapy. Cytokine 2016; 88:29-36. [PMID: 27541605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Telaprevir (TVR) remarkably improves the efficacy of interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Interleukin-28B (IL28B) genotype and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) level predict virologic response to peg-interferon (Peg-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) therapy. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of pretreatment serum IP-10 levels and IL28B genotyping in predicting sustained virologic response (SVR) to TVR-based triple therapy. METHODS In this multi-center study, patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 with high viral load (⩾5.0logIU/mL) were treated with TVR for 12weeks and Peg-IFN/RBV for 24weeks in Japan. IL28B genotype, serum IP-10 levels, other clinical parameters, and drug dosages were assessed before treatment. RESULTS We included 121 patients who were treated with TVR for at least 8weeks and Peg-IFN/RBV for 24weeks. The median IP-10 levels were significantly lower in rapid virologic response (RVR) or SVR in the IL28B non-TT genotype group, with no significant difference in the TT genotype group. RVR rates were significantly lower in the group with higher serum IP-10 levels (>450pg/mL). In the non-TT IL28B genotype group, RVR and SVR rates were significantly lower in the group with higher IP-10 levels. SVR rates in the group with lower IP-10 levels (<450pg/mL) increased to 82% for those showing RVR, but reduced to 27% in the group with higher IP-10 levels for those not showing RVR. CONCLUSIONS Determination of serum IP-10 levels before treatment could be useful for predicting favorable virologic response to TVR-based triple therapy, especially in patients with IL28B non-TT genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamagiwa
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan.
| | - Mai Asano
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Youhei Kawasaki
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Korenaga
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Naohiko Masaki
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
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Abstract
HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is estimated to affect 2 million individuals globally. The acceleration of HCV-associated complications, particularly hepatic fibrosis, because of HIV coinfection has been well established, whereas the impact of HCV on HIV progression remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the impact of coinfection on the transmission and clinical progression of each infection. We focus on the virological and immunological alterations that contribute to HIV and HCV pathogenesis in coinfection and also review the disease-modifying effects of antiretroviral therapy as they pertain to HCV.
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15
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Chen Yi Mei SLG, Burchell J, Skinner N, Millen R, Matthews G, Hellard M, Dore GJ, Desmond PV, Sundararajan V, Thompson AJ, Visvanathan K, Sasadeusz J. Toll-like Receptor Expression and Signaling in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Correlate With Clinical Outcomes in Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:739-47. [PMID: 27284092 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms by which spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C occurs are unclear. A critical role for the innate immune system and IFNL4 polymorphisms has been proposed. This study investigates whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and signaling during acute hepatitis C correlates with clinical outcomes. METHODS Participants identified from the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C and the Networks study were followed longitudinally from the time of diagnosis of acute hepatitis C. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were collected at and 2 time points after diagnosis. At each time point, TLR2, TLR4, and CD86 expression on peripheral blood monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and NK T cells was measured, as well as the response of PBMCs to stimulation with TLR ligands. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured in stimulated PBMCs and plasma. RESULTS We identified 20 participants with acute hepatitis C (10 with hepatitis C virus [HCV] monoinfection and 10 with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection). Eleven participants (55%) spontaneously cleared HCV. Acute hepatitis C and spontaneous clearance was associated with lower TLR4 expression on monocytes (P = .009) and NK cells (P = .029). Acute hepatitis C and spontaneous clearance was also associated with a reduced interferon γ response to TLR4 (P = .038) and TLR7/8 stimulation (P = .035), a reduced interleukin 6 response to TLR7/8 stimulation (P = .037), and reduced IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) response to TLR2 stimulation (P = .042). Lower plasma IP-10 levels were associated with spontaneous clearance (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate TLR4 signaling as playing a critical role in the outcome of acute hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Lin G Chen Yi Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Jodie Burchell
- Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne
| | - Narelle Skinner
- Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Rosie Millen
- Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Gail Matthews
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute Department of Infectious Diseases, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Vijaya Sundararajan
- Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne
| | - Alexander J Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Kumar Visvanathan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Joe Sasadeusz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Melbourne Hospital
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16
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Zhang R, Shao C, Huo N, Li M, Xu X. Association of IL28B Genotypes and Baseline Serum Interferon-γ-Inducible- Protein-10 Levels with Treatment Response in Hepatitis C Virus Patients in China. Gut Liver 2016; 10:446-55. [PMID: 26470765 PMCID: PMC4849699 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Several studies have demonstrated that serum interferon-γ-inducible-protein-10 (IP-10) levels at baseline and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL28B gene were associated with viral response and treatment outcomes. Our purpose was to assess the combination of pretreatment IP-10 levels with IL28B SNPs as predictors of treatment response to pegylated interferon α-2a plus ribavirin in patients infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus in China. METHODS Seventy-two patients with chronic hepatitis C without fibrosis/cirrhosis were enrolled in the study. The virologic parameters and baseline serum IP-10 levels were determined. IL-28B genotypes were determined by sequencing. RESULTS In this cohort, serum baseline IP-10 levels lower than 426.7 pg/mL could predict rapid virological response/ sustained virological response (SVR). Patients carrying favorable IL28B SNP genotypes had higher SVRs than did those carrying unfavorable variants (IL28B rs12979860, p=0.002; IL28B rs8099917, p=0.020). Combining both baseline IP- 10 and IL28B SNPs could improve the prediction of SVR in favorable allele carriers of IL28B, rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT. Serum baseline IP-10 levels and IL28B genotypes were independent predictors of SVR. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the combination of baseline serum IP-10 levels and the determination of IL28B SNPs increase the predictability of SVR rates in this cohort. (Gut Liver 2016;10446-455).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Cuiping Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Na Huo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Minran Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,
China
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17
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Willemse SB, Jansen L, de Niet A, Sinnige MJ, Takkenberg RB, Verheij J, Kootstra NA, Reesink HW. Intrahepatic IP-10 mRNA and plasma IP-10 levels as response marker for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon and adefovir. Antiviral Res 2016; 131:148-55. [PMID: 27155352 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interferon-y-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), also called CXCL10, is produced by different types of cells such as monocytes, neutrophils and hepatocytes. IP-10 functions as an inflammatory cytokine, which after binding to its receptor CXCR3, expressed on T-lymphocytes, leads to immune activation. We aimed to establish if IP-10 expression in liver tissue and in plasma of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients correlated with each other and further to investigate if IP-10 levels before and during therapy with peginterferon and adefovir could predict treatment outcome in CHB patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 86 CHB patients (41 HBeAg-positive and 45 HBeAg-negative) received combination therapy of peginterferon and adefovir for 48 weeks. Combined Response (CR) (HBeAg-negativity, HBV-DNA ≤ 2000 IU/mL, ALT normalization) and non-response (NR) were assessed at Week 72. Plasma IP-10 levels were measured at baseline and during treatment at Day 3 (D3) and Week 1 (W1). Pre-treatment liver biopsies from 40 of 86 patients were obtained and stored in liquid nitrogen for the analysis of intrahepatic IP-10 mRNA expression. RESULTS CR was achieved in 14/41 HBeAg-positive and 17/45 HBeAg-negative patients. Mean baseline plasma IP-10 levels were significantly higher in HBeAg-positive patients with CR than NR (3.20 vs 3.00 log pg/mL p = 0.03); but not in HBeAg-negative patients. Baseline IP-10 levels correlated with ALT-levels in HBeAg-positive and -negative patients (both p < 0.001), and with a decline of HBsAg-levels of ≥0.5 log IU/mL at Week 12 in HBeAg-positive patients (p = 0.001). Plasma IP-10 levels were associated with intrahepatic IP-10 mRNA expression, however, more strongly in HBeAg-positive (R = 0.79, p < 0.001) than in HBeAg-negative patients (R = 0.53, p = 0.011). IP-10 levels only correlated with HAI-scores in HBeAg-positive patients (R = 0.40 p = 0.025). Mean plasma IP-10 levels of both HBeAg-positive and -negative patients increased significantly at D3 compared to baseline (+0.30 log pg/mL p = 0.003), to then decline subsequently at W1 to a level still significantly higher than baseline (+0.14 log pg/mL p < 0.001). The increase of IP-10 was significantly higher in HBeAg-positive patients with NR than in those with CR (+0.35 versus +0.11 log pg/mL p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Baseline plasma IP-10 levels and IP-10 mRNA expression in the liver are correlated with each other, suggesting that plasma IP-10 reflects intrahepatic immune activation. Higher IP-10 levels at baseline seem to be associated with CR in HBeAg-positive patients treated with peginterferon and adefovir, but not in HBeAg-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Willemse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| | - L Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - A de Niet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - M J Sinnige
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - R B Takkenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - J Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - N A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - H W Reesink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
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18
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Nishikawa H, Enomoto H, Iwata Y, Hasegawa K, Nakano C, Takata R, Nishimura T, Yoh K, Aizawa N, Sakai Y, Ikeda N, Takashima T, Ishii A, Iijima H, Nishiguchi S. Impact of serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein and serum interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:575-83. [PMID: 26418076 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to examine the relationship between serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein (WFA(+) -M2BP) levels and serum interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) levels and liver histological findings for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) compared with other laboratory fibrotic or inflammatory parameters. METHODS A total of 57 PBC patients were analyzed. Receiver-operator curve (ROC) analysis was performed for calculating the area under the ROC (AUROC) for WFA(+) -M2BP, IP-10 and four serum fibrosis markers for the presence of liver cirrhosis (F4) or advanced fibrosis (F3 or F4). Similarly, ROC analysis of WFA(+) -M2BP, IP-10, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase for the presence of severe inflammation activity (A3) was performed. RESULTS There were eight men and 49 women (median age, 59 years). As for histological findings, F4 was observed in five patients, F3 in 11, F2 in 17, F1 in 24 and F0 in zero, whereas A3 was observed in seven patients, A2 in 27, A1 in 19 and A0 in four. The WFA(+) -M2BP levels ranged from 0.5 cut-off index (COI) to 13.6 COI (median, 1.8), while serum IP-10 levels ranged 121.9-1835.9 pg/mL (median, 571.5). For predicting liver cirrhosis, WFA(+) -M2BP yielded the highest AUROC (0.97, P < 0.01). For predicting severe liver inflammation activity (A3), WFA(+) -M2BP and serum IP-10 yielded the highest AUROC with a level of 0.87. WFA(+) -M2BP levels significantly correlated with serum IP-10 levels (rs = 0.55, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Serum WFA(+) -M2BP and serum IP-10 can be useful markers for predicting histological findings in PBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishikawa
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirayuki Enomoto
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iwata
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hasegawa
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chikage Nakano
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takata
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yoh
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Aizawa
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakai
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naoto Ikeda
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takashima
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akio Ishii
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iijima
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiguchi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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19
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Johansson S, Talloen W, Tuefferd M, Darling J, Fanning G, Fried MW, Aerssens J. High MIG (CXCL9) plasma levels favours response to peginterferon and ribavirin in HCV-infected patients regardless of DPP4 activity. Liver Int 2016; 36:344-52. [PMID: 26344576 PMCID: PMC4744814 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sustained virological response (SVR) following peginterferon (pegIFN) and ribavirin (RBV) treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients has been linked with the IL28B genotype and lower peripheral levels of the CXCR3-binding chemokine IP-10 (CXCL10). To further improve the understanding of these biomarkers we investigated plasma levels of the other CXCR3-binding chemokines and activity of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4, CD26) protease, which cleaves IP-10, in relation to treatment response. METHODS African-American and Caucasian HCV genotype 1-infected patients (n = 401) were treated with pegIFN/RBV for 48 weeks (ViraHep-C cohort). Pretreatment plasma levels of MIG (CXCL9), I-TAC (CXCL11) and the type III interferon IL29 were investigated by Luminex and DPP4 activity by using a luciferase assay. RESULTS Patients achieving SVR had higher baseline MIG plasma levels and lower DPP4 activity than non-SVR patients. MIG was higher in Caucasians, IL28B CC (rs1297860) genotype carriers and patients with higher ALT levels. MIG correlated with IP-10 in SVR patients, but not in non-SVRs. A high DPP4 activity correlated with higher IP-10 levels, while DPP4 activity was not associated with MIG or I-TAC levels. CONCLUSIONS The associations of MIG with SVR status and IL28B genotype imply that higher MIG plasma levels could reflect a beneficial immunological state for response to pegIFN/RBV treatment. The correlation between MIG and IP-10 observed only in SVR patients may contribute to a better treatment response, whereas this MIG/IP-10 balance might be disrupted in non-SVR patients because of the increased DPP4 cleavage of IP-10 into a dysfunctional form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jama Darling
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Hajarizadeh B, Lamoury FM, Feld JJ, Amin J, Keoshkerian E, Matthews GV, Hellard M, Dore GJ, Lloyd AR, Grebely J, Applegate TL. Alanine aminotransferase, HCV RNA levels and pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic cytokines/chemokines during acute hepatitis C virus infection. Virol J 2016; 13:32. [PMID: 26911712 PMCID: PMC4765111 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study assessed the association of alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic cytokines and chemokines during acute HCV infection to provide further insight into the potential HCV immunopathogenesis. Methods Participants in the ATAHC study, a prospective study of recent HCV infection, with detectable HCV RNA at the time of HCV detection were included. Plasma levels of 27 cytokines and chemokines were measured and their correlation with ALT and HCV RNA levels were assessed. Log10 transformed cytokines and ALT values were used in the analysis. Results Among 117 individuals, the plasma levels of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1β) were positively correlated with ALT levels (IP-10: r = 0.42, P < 0.001; MIP-1β: r = 0.29, P = 0.001) and HCV RNA levels (IP-10: rs = 0.44, P < 0.001; MIP-1β: rs = 0.43, P < 0.001). Using linear regression, after adjusting for sex, age, infection duration, symptomatic infection, HIV co-infection, interferon-lambda rs12979860 genotype, HCV genotype, and assay run, higher ALT levels (β = 0.20; 95 % CI: 0.07, 0.32; P = 0.002) and HCV RNA levels >400,000 IU/mL (vs. <8,500 IU/mL; β = 0.16; 95 % CI: 0.03, 0.28; P = 0.014) were independently associated with higher IP-10 levels. HCV RNA levels >400,000 IU/mL (vs. <8,500 IU/mL; β = 0.16; 95 % CI: 0.01, 0.31; P = 0.036) were associated with higher MIP-1β levels. Conclusions During acute HCV infection, high ALT and HCV RNA levels were associated with increased IP-10 levels, while high HCV RNA levels were also associated with increased MIP-1β levels. These data suggest that IP-10 and MIP-1β may have a role in HCV immuno-pathogenesis starting early in acute HCV infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0482-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Hajarizadeh
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - François Mj Lamoury
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Janaki Amin
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Keoshkerian
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Gail V Matthews
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia. .,HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Gregory J Dore
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia. .,HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jason Grebely
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Tanya L Applegate
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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Bartolomé J, Castillo I, Quiroga JA, Carreño V. Interleukin-28B polymorphisms and interferon gamma inducible protein-10 serum levels in seronegative occult hepatitis C virus infection. J Med Virol 2016; 88:268-74. [PMID: 26147900 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms upstream interleukin (IL)-28B gene and serum levels of interferon gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) are associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. Patients with seronegative occult HCV infection are anti-HCV and serum HCV-RNA negative but have viral RNA in liver and abnormal values of liver enzymes. We examined if the rs12979860 polymorphism of IL-28B and serum IP-10 levels differ between chronic and seronegative occult CV infection. IL-28B polymorphism was determined with allele specific TaqMan probes in total DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and IP-10 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum from 99 patients with seronegative occult HCV infection and 130 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. IL-28B genotypes were also determined in 54 healthy volunteers. Prevalence of the IL-28B CC genotype was significantly higher in seronegative occult HCV infection (52/99; 52.5%) than in chronic hepatitis C (32/130; 24.6%, P < 0.0001) or healthy controls (19/54: 32.5%, P = 0.039). Among patients with seronegative occult HCV infection, HCV-RNA load in liver was significantly lower in those with the IL-28B CC genotype than in those with CT + TT genotypes (2.8 × 10(5) ± 5.8 × 10(4) vs. 4.1 × 10(5) ± 5.9 × 10(4) copies/μg of total RNA respectively; P = 0.023). Mean serum IP-10 levels were significantly lower in patients with seronegative occult HCV infection than in patients with chronic hepatitis C (160.8 ± 17.9 vs. 288.7 ± 13.3 pg/ml respectively; P < 0.0001). These findings suggest that the host immune response plays an important role in seronegative occult HCV infection in comparison with chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bartolomé
- Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Vicente Carreño
- Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain
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Cytokine Response Associated with Hepatitis C Virus Clearance in HIV Coinfected Patients Initiating Peg Interferon-α Based Therapy. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2016; 8:e2016003. [PMID: 26740864 PMCID: PMC4696469 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2016.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection based on peginterferon-α (pegIFNα) and ribavirin induces important changes in cytokine release and T cell activation. Objective Immune response to pegIFNα-ribavirin therapy was explored in patients coinfected by HCV and HIV. Methods Concentrations of 25 cytokines and CD8+ T cell activation were monitored in HCV/HIV coinfected patients classified as sustained virological responders (SVR, n=19) and non-responders (NR, n=11). Results High pretreatment concentrations of IP-10 (CXCL-10) and MCP-1 (CCL-2) were associated with a poor anti-HCV response. PegIFNα-ribavirin therapy increased CD8+ T cell activation and induced significant changes in levels of eleven cytokines related to both Th1 and Th2 responses in SVR (IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12p40/70, IL-13, IP-10, eotaxin, MCP-1) but of only six cytokines in NR (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12p40/70, IL-13, eotaxin). The highest rise in MIP-1β and MCP-1 levels was observed four weeks after anti-HCV treatment initiation in SVR compared to NR (p=0.002 and p=0.03, respectively), whereas a decrease in IL-8 concentration was associated with treatment failure (p= 0.052). Conclusions Higher and broader cytokine responses to pegIFNα-ribavirin therapy were observed in SVR patients compared to NR. Changes in IL-8, MIP-1β, and MCP-1 serum concentrations may be associated with efficacy of pegIFNα- and ribavirin-based therapies in patients coinfected by HCV and HIV.
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Prinapori R, Sticchi L, Alicino C, Del Puente F, Mazzarello G, Alessandrini A, Signori A, Icardi G, Bruzzone B, Viscoli C, Di Biagio A. Role of HCV-RNA decay and IP-10 levels after 48 hours of standard HCV therapy as predictors of rapid virological response. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:705-10. [PMID: 26070571 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rapid virological response (RVR) is a critical end-point in the era of the new direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value in achieving RVR of HCV-RNA load and IP10 after 48 hours of standard anti HCV therapy. METHODS HCV mono-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected patients naives to interferon were included. Demographic data, immune-virological HIV-related condition and HCV disease status were recorded before starting treatment. HCV-RNA and IP10 concentrations were also measured 48 hours after first interferon dose. Univariate model, logistic regression and ROC curve were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were enrolled (mean age 49.2 ± 5.6 years): all were treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin. Nineteen (59.3%) were HIV/HCV co-infected patients. RVR was reached in 10 patients (31.2%). A decline of more than two log of HCV-RNA after 48 hours of therapy was associated with RVR (P=0.004). A trend was observed between increased IP10 levels at 48 hours and RVR (P=0.08). In a multivariable model only HCV-RNA at 48 hours was associated with RVR (P=0.011). ROC curve analysis for both HCV-RNA at 48 hours and IP-10 at 48 hours showed an area under the curve of 0.87 (95%CI: 0.74-1; P=0.001) with specificity of 72.2% and sensibility of 90%. CONCLUSION In HCV treatment-naïve patients HCV-RNA and IP10 determination after 48 hours of interferon and ribavirin may be a worthwhile endpoint to predict RVR and select patients that may not require DAA addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Prinapori
- Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Laura Sticchi
- Hygiene Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Del Puente
- Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazzarello
- Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Alessandrini
- Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Signori
- Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Hygiene Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Viscoli
- Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Biagio
- Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Acero Fernández D, Morillas Cunill R, Ferri Iglesias MJ, Torras Collell X, Vergara Gómez M, Zaragoza Velasco N, López Nuñez C, Forné Bardera M, Delgado Gómez M, Barenys Lacha M, Torres Salinas M, Villar Fernández M, Durández Lázaro R, Mariño Mendez Z. Predictive variables of sustained virological response after early discontinuation of triple therapy with telaprevir for genotype-1 HCV infection. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2015; 39:377-84. [PMID: 26614733 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pivotal phase studies of telaprevir (TLV) and boceprevir (BOV) showed 10-56% rates of early treatment interruption. However, there have been no reports on the sustained virological response (SVR) rates of these patients. AIM To assess the SVR rate in a large cohort of patients who discontinued triple therapy with TLV or BOV for reasons other than stopping rules and to identify variables predicting SVR. MATERIAL AND METHOD A survey was sent to 15 hospitals in Catalonia asking them to report all TLV/BOV treatments finished by 31 May 2014. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, liver fibrosis and therapeutic data were recorded for treatments with early discontinuation. Logistic regression analysis, ROC curves and prognostic assessment of the variables identified were calculated. RESULTS Twelve hospitals responded to the survey, representing 467 treatments and 121 (21.2%) early discontinuations, 76 (62.8%) due to stopping rules and 45 (37.2%) for other reasons. Early discontinuation was more frequent with BOV [38.2% (50/131) versus 21.1% (71/336) p<0.005], mainly due to stopping rules [78% (39/50) versus 52.1% (37/71); p=0.004]. SVR was achieved in 21/121 patients (17.4%), 19/71 (26.8%) treated with TLV and 2/50 (4.0%) treated with BOV. In patients discontinuing treatment for reasons other than stopping rules, SVR was achieved in 19/37 (55.9%) treated with TLV and in 2/11 (18.2%) treated with BOV. The SVR rate in patients treated with TLV who discontinued due to a severe adverse event was 61.5% (16/26). A logistic regression analysis was performed only with triple therapy with TLV and early discontinuation. The predictive variables of SVR were undetectable HCV-RNA at treatment week 4 and treatment length longer than 11 weeks. Treatment duration longer than 11 weeks showed the best accuracy (0.794), with a positive predictive value of 0.928. CONCLUSIONS Early discontinuation of TLV-based triple therapy due to reasons other than stopping rules still have a significant SVR rate (55.9%). Undetectable HVC-RNA at week 4 of treatment and treatment duration longer than 11 weeks are predictive of SVR in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mercedes Vergara Gómez
- Parc Taulí Sabadell, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, CIBERehd, Sabadell, Spain
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Carlin AF, Aristizabal P, Song Q, Wang H, Paulson MS, Stamm LM, Schooley RT, Wyles DL. Temporal dynamics of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines during sofosbuvir and ribavirin therapy for genotype 2 and 3 hepatitis C infection. Hepatology 2015; 62:1047-58. [PMID: 26147061 PMCID: PMC4589477 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The analysis of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines produced during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has advanced our understanding of viral-host interactions and identified predictors of treatment response. Administration of interferons (IFNs) made it difficult to interpret biomarkers of immune activation during treatment. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens without IFN are now being used to treat HCV with excellent efficacy. To gain insight into HCV-host interactions occurring before, during, and after HCV treatment, we performed a case-control study that measured serial plasma levels of IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in 131 patients with chronic HCV treated with sofosbuvir (SOF) plus ribavirin (RBV). A linear regression analysis using baseline factors identified strong positive associations between elevated alanine aminotransferase and pretreatment IP-10 and between the presence of cirrhosis and elevated pretreatment IL-18. Mean IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and IL-18 levels all decline on therapy, but display different dynamics late in treatment and after cessation of therapy. On treatment, IP-10 and MIP-1β levels were significantly higher in individuals who achieved sustained virological response (SVR). Logistic regression analyses examining treatment response in all patients demonstrated significant associations between higher baseline MIP-1β levels and smaller decreases in MIP-1β early in treatment and SVR. Higher early MIP-1β levels were also significantly associated with SVR in subsets of patients with cirrhosis and individuals with genotype 3 (GT3) infection, two factors associated with decreased responsiveness to treatment. CONCLUSION Changes in IP-10 levels mirror HCV RNA, suggesting that IP-10 is an indicator of innate immune viral recognition. MIP-1β levels remain elevated in GT2/3 patients who achieved SVR, suggesting differential immune activation in those who respond to SOF/RBV therapy and a potential role in predicting treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Paula Aristizabal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert T Schooley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David L Wyles
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Limothai U, Chuaypen N, Khlaiphuengsin A, Posuwan N, Wasitthankasem R, Poovorawan Y, Tangkijvanich P. Association of interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 polymorphism with treatment response to pegylated interferon in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Antivir Ther 2015; 21:97-106. [PMID: 26376789 DOI: 10.3851/imp2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) plays an important role in the clinical outcome of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) G-201A of the IP-10 gene and treatment response to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB. METHODS We retrospectively analysed data of patients with HBeAg-positive CHB treated with PEG-IFN for 48 weeks. Virological response (VR) was defined as HBeAg clearance and HBV DNA <2,000 IU/ml at 24 weeks post-treatment. The SNPs G-201A, IFNL3 (rs12979860) and HLA-DPA1 (rs3077) were assessed. RESULTS Among 107 patients, VR was achieved in 45 (42.1%) patients. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance and decline (<100 IU/ml) were observed in 10 (9.3%) and 22 (20.6%) patients, respectively. The distribution of GG, GA and AA genotypes of G-201A was 76.6%, 19.6% and 3.7%, respectively. Patients with GG genotype, compared to those with non-GG genotype, achieved higher VR rate (48.8% versus 19.2%; P=0.011), decreased HBsAg (25.6% versus 4.0%; P=0.019), and demonstrated a trend in HBsAg clearance (11.0% versus 4%; P=0.294). Patients with GG genotype had more rapid HBsAg decline and higher baseline serum IP-10 levels than those with non-GG genotype (432.2 ±339.0 versus 257.3 ±145.7 pg/ml; P=0.028). SNPs rs12979860 and rs3077 were not associated with VR. Logistic regression analysis suggested that SNP G-201A was an independent predictor of VR (odds ratio 3.81, 95% CI 1.31, 11.12; P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS Data from this study demonstrated for the first time that IP-10 polymorphism is independently associated with treatment response to PEG-IFN in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umaporn Limothai
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Thanapirom K, Suksawatamnuay S, Sukeepaisarnjaroen W, Tangkijvanich P, Treeprasertsuk S, Thaimai P, Wasitthankasem R, Poovorawan Y, Komolmit P. Association between CXCL10 and DPP4 Gene Polymorphisms and a Complementary Role for Unfavorable IL28B Genotype in Prediction of Treatment Response in Thai Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137365. [PMID: 26339796 PMCID: PMC4560372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment serum levels of interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10, CXCL10) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV) predict treatment response in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The association between functional genetic polymorphisms of CXCL10 and DPP4 and treatment outcome has not previously been studied. This study aimed to determine the association between genetic variations of CXCL10 and DPP4 and the outcome of treatment with pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN-α) based therapy in Thai patients with CHC. 602 Thai patients with CHC treated using a PEG-IFN-α based regimen were genotyped for CXCL10 rs56061981 G>A and IL28B rs12979860 C>T. In addition, in patients infected with CHC genotype 1, DPP4 (rs13015258 A>C, rs17848916 T>C, rs41268649 G>A, and rs 17574 T>C) were genotyped. Correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms, genotype, and treatment response were analyzed. The rate of sustained virologic response (SVR) was higher for the CC genotype of IL28B rs12979860 polymorphisms than for non-CC in both genotype 1 (60.6% vs. 29.4%, P < 0.001) and non-genotype 1 (69.4% vs. 49.1%, P < 0.05) CHC. SVR was not associated with the CXCL10 gene variant in all viral genotypes or DPP4 gene polymorphisms in viral genotype1. Multivariate analysis revealed IL28B rs12979860 CC genotype (OR = 3.12; 95% CI, 1.72-5.67; P < 0.001), hepatitis C virus RNA < 400,000 IU/ml (OR = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.22-3.99, P < 0.05), age < 45 years (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11-3.68; P < 0.05), and liver fibrosis stage 0-1 (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.01-2.65, P < 0.05) were independent factors for SVR. Unfavorable IL28B rs12979860 CT or TT genotypes with the CXCL10 rs56061981 non-GG genotype were associated with a higher SVR than GG genotype (66.7% vs. 33.0%, P = 0.004) in viral genotype 1. In Thai CHC genotype 1 infected patients with an unfavorable IL28B rs12979860 CT/TT genotype, the complementary CXCL10 polymorphism strongly enhances prediction of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kessarin Thanapirom
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirinporn Suksawatamnuay
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wattana Sukeepaisarnjaroen
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sombat Treeprasertsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panarat Thaimai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rujipat Wasitthankasem
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawat Komolmit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kanda T, Nakamoto S, Yokosuka O. Is the use of IL28B genotype justified in the era of interferon-free treatments for hepatitis C? World J Virol 2015; 4:178-184. [PMID: 26279979 PMCID: PMC4534809 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i3.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2009, several groups reported that interleukin-28B (IL28B) genotypes are associated with the response to peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a genome-wide association study, although the mechanism of this association is not yet well understood. However, in recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the treatment of HCV infection. In Japan, some patients infected with HCV have the IL28B major genotype, which may indicate a favorable response to interferon-including regimens; however, certain patients within this group are also interferon-intolerant or ineligible. In Japan, interferon-free 24-wk regimens of asunaprevir and daclatasvir are now available for HCV genotype 1b-infected patients who are interferon-intolerant or ineligible or previous treatment null-responders. The treatment response to interferon-free regimens appears better, regardless of IL28B genotype. Maybe other interferon-free regimens will widely be available soon. In conclusion, although some HCV-infected individuals have IL28B favorable alleles, importance of IL28B will be reduced with availability of oral interferon free regimen.
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Serti E, Chepa-Lotrea X, Kim YJ, Keane M, Fryzek N, Liang TJ, Ghany M, Rehermann B. Successful Interferon-Free Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Normalizes Natural Killer Cell Function. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:190-200.e2. [PMID: 25754160 PMCID: PMC4523392 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic hepatitis C virus infection activates an intrahepatic immune response, leading to increased expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes and activation of natural killer (NK) cells-the most prevalent innate immune cell in the liver. We investigated whether the elimination of hepatitis C virus with direct-acting antiviral normalizes expression of IFN-stimulated genes and NK cell function. METHODS We used multicolor flow cytometry to analyze NK cells from the liver and blood of 13 HCV-infected patients who did not respond to treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Samples were collected before and during IFN-free treatment with daclatasvir and asunaprevir and compared with samples from the blood of 13 healthy individuals (controls). Serum levels of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 10 or CXCL11 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Before treatment, all patients had increased levels of CXCL10 or CXCL11 and a different NK cell phenotype from controls, characterized by increased expression of HLA-DR, NKp46, NKG2A, CD85j, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), phosphorylated STAT1, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). NK cells from patients also had increased degranulation and decreased production of IFNγ and tumor necrosis factor α compared with NK cells from controls. Nine patients had an end-of-treatment response (undetectable virus) and 4 had virologic breakthrough between weeks 4 and 12 of therapy. A rapid decrease in viremia and level of inflammatory cytokines in all patients was associated with decreased activation of intrahepatic and blood NK cells; it was followed by restoration of a normal NK cell phenotype and function by week 8 in patients with undetectable viremia. This normalized NK cell phenotype was maintained until week 24 (end of treatment). CONCLUSIONS Direct-acting antiviral-mediated clearance of HCV is associated with loss of intrahepatic immune activation by IFNα, which is indicated by decreased levels of CXCL10 and CXCL11 and normalization of NK cell phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Serti
- Immunology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xenia Chepa-Lotrea
- Immunology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yun Ju Kim
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meghan Keane
- Immunology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Fryzek
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Ghany
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Rehermann
- Immunology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland; Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Domagalski K, Pawłowska M, Kozielewicz D, Dybowska D, Tretyn A, Halota W. The Impact of IL28B Genotype and Liver Fibrosis on the Hepatic Expression of IP10, IFI27, ISG15, and MX1 and Their Association with Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130899. [PMID: 26115415 PMCID: PMC4482747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong impact of interleukin 28B (IL28B) polymorphisms on sustained virological response (SVR) after peginterferon and ribavirin treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is well-known. We investigated IL28B variability and hepatic expression of IP10, IFI27, ISG15, and MX1 in CHC patients, the relation of each with their clinical characteristics, and how they associated with responses to combined therapy. Genotyping and gene expression analysis were conducted in a selected cohort of treatment-naïve patients who underwent interferon and ribavirin treatment. Differential expression of IP10, IFI27, ISG15, and MX1 genes was assessed from pretreatment liver biopsies using quantitative PCR. Histopathological evaluation of liver specimens was performed on the basis of the Scheuer's modified scale. We showed that hepatic IFI27, ISG15, and MX1 expression was lower in the IL28B CC 12979860 and TT rs8099917 groups than in the CT-TT rs12979860 and TG-GG rs8099917 groups (P < 0.001). We found no differences in IP10 expression between the IL28B genotypes (P > 0.05); in contrast, IP10 expression was significantly affected by the progression of fibrosis (P = 0.007). We showed that the rs12979860 CC genotype was associated with successful treatment when compared to the rs12979860 CT-TT genotype (P = 0.004). Additionally, the expression levels of IP10, IFI27 and ISG15, but not MX1, were significantly higher in non-SVR patients than in SVR patients. The effect of variation in IL28B on the results of IFN-based treatment may be associated with changes in IFI27 and ISG15, but not with IP10. Silencing of IP10 is positive and independent from IL28B prediction of SVR, which is strongly associated with liver fibrosis in CHC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Domagalski
- Centre For Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pawłowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Medicine, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota Kozielewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Medicine, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota Dybowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Medicine, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Waldemar Halota
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Medicine, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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31
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IP-10 measured by Dry Plasma Spots as biomarker for therapy responses in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9223. [PMID: 25783975 PMCID: PMC4363864 DOI: 10.1038/srep09223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has huge impact on human morbidity and mortality and biomarkers to support rapid TB diagnosis and ensure treatment initiation and cure are needed, especially in regions with high prevalence of multi-drug resistant TB. Soluble interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) analyzed from dry plasma spots (DPS) has potential as an immunodiagnostic marker in TB infection. We analyzed IP-10 levels in plasma directly and extracted from DPS in parallel by ELISA from 34 clinically well characterized patients with TB disease before and throughout 24 weeks of effective anti-TB chemotherapy. We detected a significant decline of IP-10 levels in both plasma and DPS already after two weeks of therapy with good correlation between the tests. This was observed both in pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. In conclusion, plasma IP-10 may serve as an early biomarker for anti-TB chemotherapy responses and the IP-10 DPS method has potential to be developed into a point-of care test for use in resource-limited settings. Further studies must be performed to validate the use of IP-10 DPS in TB high endemic countries.
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Wergeland I, Pullar N, Assmus J, Ueland T, Tonby K, Feruglio S, Kvale D, Damås JK, Aukrust P, Mollnes TE, Dyrhol-Riise AM. IP-10 differentiates between active and latent tuberculosis irrespective of HIV status and declines during therapy. J Infect 2015; 70:381-91. [PMID: 25597826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy efficacy in tuberculosis (TB) are requested. We have studied biomarkers that may differentiate between active and latent TB infection (LTBI), the influence of HIV infection and changes during anti-TB chemotherapy. METHODS Thirty-eight plasma cytokines, assessed by multiplex and enzyme immunoassays, were analyzed in patients with active TB before and during 24 weeks of anti-TB chemotherapy (n = 65), from individuals with LTBI (n = 34) and from QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) negative controls (n = 65). The study participants were grouped according to HIV status. RESULTS Plasma levels of the CXC chemokine IP-10 and soluble TNF receptor type 2 (sTNFr2) significantly differentiated active TB from the LTBI group, irrespective of HIV status. In the HIV-infected group the sensitivity and specificity was 100% for IP-10 with a cut-off of 2547 pg/mL. Plasma IP-10 declined gradually during anti-TB chemotherapy (12-24 weeks, p = 0.002) to a level comparable to LTBI and QFT negative control groups. sTNFr2 fluctuated throughout therapy, but was decreased after 12-24 weeks (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS IP-10 distinguished with high accuracy active TB from LTBI irrespective of HIV infection and declined during anti-TB chemotherapy. Plasma IP-10 may serve as a diagnostic biomarker to differentiate between the stages of TB infection and for monitoring therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wergeland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - N Pullar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Northern Norway, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - J Assmus
- Center for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - T Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - K Tonby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - S Feruglio
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - D Kvale
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - J K Damås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - P Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - T E Mollnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, and Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - A M Dyrhol-Riise
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Nishikawa H, Enomoto H, Nasu A, Aizawa N, Saito M, Tamori A, Kawada N, Kimura T, Osaki Y, Nishiguchi S. Clinical significance of pretreatment serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 concentrations in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with telaprevir-based triple therapy. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:E397-E407. [PMID: 24628684 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to determine whether pretreatment serum interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 concentration can predict response to telaprevir (TVR)-based triple therapy in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and to examine the effects of IP-10 concentration on liver histology. METHODS Baseline IP-10 concentrations were measured in 97 patients with genotype 1 CHC treated with TVR-based triple therapy, and the associations between baseline IP-10 and treatment outcome were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Associations between baseline serum IP-10 concentration and laboratory data and liver histological findings were also investigated. RESULTS Median IP-10 concentration in these patients was 461.83 pg/mL (range, 151.35-4297.62). Multivariate analysis showed that IL28B genotype (P = 0.025) and IP-10 level (P = 0.004) were factors significantly predictive of rapid virological response (RVR), whereas in pretreatment factors only, IL28B genotype (P = 0.001) and liver fibrosis (P = 0.035) were independent predictors of sustained virological response. Using a cut-off IP-10 concentration of 460 pg/mL, patients with IL28B risk allele and low IP-10 had a significantly higher RVR rate than those with high IP-10 (P = 0.005). IP-10 concentration was significantly correlated with liver fibrosis (P = 0.001) and inflammation activity (P = 0.006) and had the highest areas under the curve for liver histological findings. CONCLUSION Baseline serum IP-10 level is a useful predictor of virological response in patients with genotype 1 CHC treated with TVR-based triple therapy, especially in patients with IL28B risk allele. IP-10 was well correlated with liver fibrosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Wang J, Jiang D, Rao H, Yang R, Wang Y, Wei L. Association of interferon-γ-induced protein-10 serum levels with virological responses to PEG-interferon-based therapy in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 2 chronically infected Chinese patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:1349-58. [PMID: 25263691 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.962609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) serum level has been shown be associated with viral response in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. However, little is known in Chinese population. We determined IP-10 serum levels in Chinese CHC patients undergoing PEG-IFN-based therapy. Predictive role of IP-10 level for virological responses was accessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS IP-10 serum levels were determined in 165 hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 and 33 genotype 2 patients. Multivariate analysis was performed to screen independent factors for sustained virological response (SVR) prediction. Predictive value of IP-10 level in combination with interleukin 28B (IL28B) genotype or rapid virological response was further investigated. RESULTS Our study showed that pretreatment IP-10 level was significantly higher in HCV genotype 1 patients. IP-10 levels were independently predictive for SVR with cut-off values of 250.60 pg/ml at baseline or 407.40 pg/ml at week 4. Positive predictive value (PPV) for SVR of low IP-10 level at baseline and IL28B CC genotype was 96.15% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 50.00%. PPV for SVR of low IP-10 level at week 4 and rapid viral response (RVR) was 95.24% and NPV was 50.00%. CONCLUSION Together our study indicated that higher IP-10 serum levels were associated with HCV genotype 1 CHC Chinese patients. IP-10 levels at baseline and week 4 were both predictive of SVR and improved predictive performances of IL28B genotype and RVR for SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases , No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 , China
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Matsuura K, Watanabe T, Iijima S, Murakami S, Fujiwara K, Orito E, Iio E, Endo M, Kusakabe A, Shinkai N, Miyaki T, Nojiri S, Joh T, Tanaka Y. Serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 concentrations and IL28B genotype associated with responses to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin with and without telaprevir for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:1208-1216. [PMID: 24372894 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Several studies have shown that high pretreatment concentrations of serum interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) are correlated with non-response to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). However, there are few reports on their effect on the Asian population. METHODS We enrolled 104 Japanese genotype 1 CHC individuals treated with PEG-IFN/RBV and 45 with PEG-IFN/RBV/telaprevir, and evaluated the impact of pretreatment serum IP-10 concentrations on their virological responses. RESULTS The pretreatment serum IP-10 concentrations were not correlated with IL28B genotype. The receiver-operator curve analysis determined the cut-off value of IP-10 for predicting a sustained virological response (SVR) as 300 pg/mL. In multivariate analysis, the IL28B favorable genotype and IP-10 concentration of less than 300 pg/mL were independent factors for predicting SVR. In a subgroup of patients with the IL28B favorable genotype, the SVR rate was higher in the patients with IP-10 of less than 300 than in those with 300 pg/mL or more, whereas no patient with the IL28B unfavorable genotype and IP-10 of 300 pg/mL or more achieved SVR. Among the patients treated with PEG-IFN/RBV/telaprevir, low pretreatment concentrations of serum IP-10 were associated with a very rapid virological response, defined as undetectable HCV RNA at week 2 after the start of therapy. CONCLUSION Pretreatment serum IP-10 concentrations are associated with treatment efficacy in PEG-IFN/RBV and with early viral kinetics of hepatitis C virus in PEG-IFN/RBV/telaprevir therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Virology, Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Salado-Rasmussen K, Knudsen A, Krarup HB, Katzenstein TL, Gerstoft J. Undetectable hepatitis C virus RNA during syphilis infection in two HIV/HCV-co-infected patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 46:617-23. [PMID: 24934985 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2014.920102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, elicits a vigorous immune response in the infected host. This study sought to describe the impact of syphilis infection on hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels in patients with HIV and chronic HCV infection. METHODS Patients with chronic HIV/HCV and syphilis co-infection were identified by their treating physicians from 1 October 2010 to 31 December 2013. Stored plasma samples obtained before, during, and after syphilis infection were analysed for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 kDa (IP-10). RESULTS Undetectable HCV RNA at the time of early latent syphilis infection was observed in 2 patients with HIV and chronic HCV infection. After treatment of the syphilis infection, HCV RNA levels increased again in patient 1, whereas patient 2 initiated HCV therapy and remained HCV RNA-negative. Available plasma samples obtained before and after the episode with undetectable HCV RNA were phylogenetically identical, making the possibility of spontaneous clearance and HCV reinfection less likely. The IL-10, TNF-α, and IP-10 levels increased at the time of syphilis diagnosis in patient 1 and decreased again after treatment of the syphilis infection. CONCLUSIONS We propose that T. pallidum-induced cytokine secretion resulted in an immune response hindering HCV replication during syphilis infection. We suggest that HIV/HCV-co-infected patients with unexpected undetectable HCV RNA are tested for syphilis infection and that the serological tests include both non-treponemal and treponemal tests to avoid false-positive results caused by HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Salado-Rasmussen
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital , Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark
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Lin JC, Habersetzer F, Rodriguez-Torres M, Afdhal N, Lawitz EJ, Paulson MS, Zhu Y, Subramanian GM, McHutchison JG, Sulkowski M, Wyles DL, Schooley RT. Interferon γ-induced protein 10 kinetics in treatment-naive versus treatment-experienced patients receiving interferon-free therapy for hepatitis C virus infection: implications for the innate immune response. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:1881-5. [PMID: 24907384 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We measured interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) levels in 428 patients at baseline, week 1, and week 2 of all-oral treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. An increased baseline IP-10 level was associated with a T allele in the IL28B gene, an increased alanine aminotransferase level in treatment-naive but not experienced patients, and an increased body mass index. At week 1, the mean decline in plasma IP-10 levels was the same in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients (-49%), whereas during week 2 the mean decline in IP-10 levels in treatment-naive patients (-14%) was significantly larger than in treatment-experienced patients (-2%; P = .0176). IP-10 thus may be a surrogate marker of the rate of intracellular viral replication complex decay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Habersetzer
- Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Inserm 1110 Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Nezam Afdhal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Yanni Zhu
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | | | | | - Mark Sulkowski
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Rembeck K, Waldenström J, Hellstrand K, Nilsson S, Nyström K, Martner A, Lindh M, Norkrans G, Westin J, Pedersen C, Färkkilä M, Langeland N, Buhl MR, Mørch K, Christensen PB, Lagging M. Variants of the inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase gene are associated with reduced relapse risk following treatment for HCV genotype 2/3. Hepatology 2014; 59:2131-9. [PMID: 24519039 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study evaluated the impact of variations in the inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase) gene (ITPA) on treatment outcome in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2/3 infection receiving peginterferon-α2a and lower, conventional 800 mg daily dose of ribavirin. Previous studies using higher, weight-based ribavirin dosing report that patients carrying polymorphisms encoding reduced predicted ITPase activity show decreased risk of ribavirin-induced anemia but increased risk of thrombocytopenia, with no impact on elimination of virus. In all, 354 treatment-naïve HCV genotype 2/3-infected patients, enrolled in a phase III trial (NORDynamIC), were genotyped for ITPA (rs1127354 and rs7270101). Homo- or heterozygosity at Ars1127354 or Crs7270101 , entailing reduced ITPase activity, was observed in 37% of patients and was associated with increased likelihood of achieving sustained virological response (SVR) (P = 0.0003 in univariate and P = 0.0002 in multivariate analyses) accompanied by a reduced risk of relapse among treatment-adherent patients. The association between ITPA variants and SVR remained significant when patients were subdivided by the 12- and 24-week treatment duration arms, HCV genotype, fibrosis stage, and IL28B genotype, and was not secondary to improved adherence to therapy or less pronounced anemia. Gene variants predicting reduced predicted ITPase activity were also associated with decreased risk of anemia (P < 0.0001), increased risk of thrombocytopenia (P = 0.007), and lower ribavirin concentrations (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate a novel ribavirin-like association between polymorphisms at ITPA and treatment efficacy in chronic hepatitis C mediated by reduced relapse risk. We hypothesize that patients (63%) being homozygous for both major alleles, leading to normal ITPase activity, may benefit more from the addition of ribavirin to present and future treatment regimens for HCV in spite of concomitant increased risk of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Rembeck
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhang W, Zhang L, Wu Z, Tien P. Differential interferon pathway gene expression patterns in Rhabdomyosarcoma cells during Enterovirus 71 or Coxsackievirus A16 infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:550-5. [PMID: 24735544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of cells to type I interferon (IFN) induces an antiviral state that prevents viral infection, but viruses can utilize multiple tactics to antagonize the host immune system. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are two major pathogens that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which is prevalent among children. We found that both EV71 and CA16 have different reactions to type I IFN pretreatment and induction patterns of type I IFN on Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Further, a human-α and β IFN PCR array was employed to analyze the expressions of 84 genes related to the type I IFN pathway. We found significant up-regulation of multiple genes in the presence of type I IFN and differential regulation patterns during EV71 or CA16 infection in RD cells. For instance, EV71 infection repressed the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, whereas CA16 infection normally triggers the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to the expression of ISGs. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive view of the differential impacts of EV71 and CA16 infection on 84 genes in the IFN pathway, shedding light on the different resistances of these viruses to type I IFN treatment and cytotoxic effects in RD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Po Tien
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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Ito S, Bollard CM, Carlsten M, Melenhorst JJ, Biancotto A, Wang E, Chen J, Kotliarov Y, Cheung F, Xie Z, Marincola F, Tanimoto K, Battiwalla M, Olnes MJ, Perl S, Schum P, Hughes TE, Keyvanfar K, Hensel N, Muranski P, Young NS, Barrett AJ. Ultra-low dose interleukin-2 promotes immune-modulating function of regulatory T cells and natural killer cells in healthy volunteers. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1388-1395. [PMID: 24686272 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) expands regulatory T cells (Tregs) and natural killer (NK) cells after stem cell transplantation (SCT) and may reduce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We hypothesized that ultra-low dose (ULD) IL-2 could serve as an immune-modulating agent for stem cell donors to prevent GVHD following SCT. However, the safety, dose level, and immune signatures of ULD IL-2 in immune-competent healthy subjects remain unknown. Here, we have characterized the phenotype and function of Tregs and NK cells as well as the gene expression and cytokine profiles of 21 healthy volunteers receiving 50,000 to 200,000 units/m(2)/day IL-2 for 5 days. ULD IL-2 was well tolerated and induced a significant increase in the frequency of Tregs with increased suppressive function. There was a marked expansion of CD56(bright) NK cells with enhanced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. Serum cytokine profiling demonstrated increase of IFN-γ induced protein 10 (IP-10). Gene expression analysis revealed significant changes in a highly restricted set of genes, including FOXP3, IL-2RA, and CISH. This is the first study to evaluate global immune-modulating function of ULD IL-2 in healthy subjects and to support the future studies administrating ULD IL-2 to stem cell donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jan Joseph Melenhorst
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angélique Biancotto
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuri Kotliarov
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Foo Cheung
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhi Xie
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kazushi Tanimoto
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Disease, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Minoo Battiwalla
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew J Olnes
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Shira Perl
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula Schum
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas E Hughes
- Pharmacy Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy Hensel
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Gatselis NK, Zachou K, Saitis A, Samara M, Dalekos GN. Individualization of chronic hepatitis C treatment according to the host characteristics. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2839-53. [PMID: 24659876 PMCID: PMC3961989 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i11.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem that affects more than 170 million people worldwide. It is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, making the virus the most common cause of liver failure and transplantation. The standard-of-care treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has been changed during the last decade and direct acting antiviral drugs have already been used. Besides, understanding of the pathogenesis of CHC has evolved rapidly during the last years and now several host factors are known to affect the natural history and response to treatment. Recent genome-wide association studies have shown the important role of interleukin-28B and inosine triphosphatase in HCV infection. The present review article attempts to summarize the current knowledge on the role of host factors towards individualization of HCV treatment.
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Honda M, Shirasaki T, Shimakami T, Sakai A, Horii R, Arai K, Yamashita T, Sakai Y, Yamashita T, Okada H, Murai K, Nakamura M, Mizukoshi E, Kaneko S. Hepatic interferon-stimulated genes are differentially regulated in the liver of chronic hepatitis C patients with different interleukin-28B genotypes. Hepatology 2014; 59:828-38. [PMID: 24311440 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pretreatment up-regulation of hepatic interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) has a stronger association with the treatment-resistant interleukin (IL)28B minor genotype (MI; TG/GG at rs8099917) than with the treatment-sensitive IL28B major genotype (MA; TT at rs8099917). We compared the expression of ISGs in the liver and blood of 146 patients with chronic hepatitis C who received pegylated IFN and ribavirin combination therapy. Gene expression profiles in the liver and blood of 85 patients were analyzed using an Affymetrix GeneChip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). ISG expression was correlated between the liver and blood of the MA patients, whereas no correlation was observed in the MI patients. This loss of correlation was the result of the impaired infiltration of immune cells into the liver lobules of MI patients, as demonstrated by regional gene expression analysis in liver lobules and portal areas using laser capture microdissection and immunohistochemical staining. Despite having lower levels of immune cells, hepatic ISGs were up-regulated in the liver of MI patients and they were found to be regulated by multiple factors, namely, IL28A/B, IFN-λ4, and wingless-related MMTV integration site 5A (WNT5A). Interestingly, WNT5A induced the expression of ISGs, but also increased hepatitis C virus replication by inducing the expression of the stress granule protein, GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), in the Huh-7 cell line. In the liver, the expression of WNT5A and its receptor, frizzled family receptor 5, was significantly correlated with G3BP1. CONCLUSIONS Immune cells were lost and induced the expression of other inflammatory mediators, such as WNT5A, in the liver of IL28B minor genotype patients. This might be related to the high level of hepatic ISG expression in these patients and the treatment-resistant phenotype of the IL28B minor genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Advanced Medical Technology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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Petrone L, Chiacchio T, Vanini V, Petruccioli E, Cuzzi G, Di Giacomo C, Pucci L, Montalbano M, Lionetti R, Testa A, Lapa D, Navarra A, Visco-Comandini U, Goletti D. High urine IP-10 levels associate with chronic HCV infection. J Infect 2014; 68:591-600. [PMID: 24582930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Independent of IL-28B polymorphisms, blood IP-10 is a promising biomarker for predicting therapy response in chronic HCV infection. Urine IP-10 has been proposed as a biomarker in tuberculosis, but to date, no urine biomarkers for HCV infection have been evaluated. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed whether IP-10 is detectable in the urine of chronically HCV-infected patients, and if so, whether urine IP-10 correlates with serum IP-10 and HCV-specific clinical parameters. METHODS IP-10 was measured by ELISA in serum and urine concomitantly taken from 38 HCV-viremic patients, 10 cured-HCV subjects and 11 healthy donors enrolled as controls. RESULTS The urine of HCV-viremic patients showed measurable amounts of IP-10, although significantly lower than in serum (p < 0.0001). Urine IP-10 was normalized with creatinuria levels and we found that the urine IP-10/creatinuria ratio was significantly higher in HCV-viremic patients than in cured-HCV subjects (p = 0.002) and healthy donors (p = 0.008), and that it significantly correlated with transaminases (p = 0.01), although the correlation was low. Similarly, the serum IP-10 level significantly associated with HCV-viremic patients (p < 0.0001) and correlated with transaminases (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS For the first time to our knowledge, we show that IP-10 is detected and increased in the urine of HCV-viremic patients compared to healthy donors and cured-HCV subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Chiacchio
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Petruccioli
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Cuzzi
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigia Pucci
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Laboratory, INMI, Italy
| | | | | | - Angela Testa
- Infectious Diseases Hepatology Unit, POIT Department, INMI, Italy
| | | | - Assunta Navarra
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI, Italy
| | | | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
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Covolo L, Bibert S, Donato F, Bochud PY, Lagging M, Negro F, Fattovich G. The novel ss469415590 variant predicts virological response to therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus type 1 infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:322-30. [PMID: 24308755 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel dinucleotide variant TT/∆G (ss469415590) has been associated with hepatitis C virus clearance. AIM To assess the role of the ss469415590 variant, compared with the known IL28B polymorphisms (rs8099917, rs12979860 and rs12980275) for predicting virological response to therapy in chronic hepatitis C, and its association with the CXCL10 chemokine serum levels - a surrogate marker of interferon-stimulated genes activation. METHODS Multivariate analysis of factors predicting rapid and sustained virological response in 280 consecutive, treatment-naïve, nondiabetic, Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with peginterferon alpha and ribavirin. RESULTS In hepatitis C virus genotype 1, the OR (95% CI) for rapid and sustained virological response for the wild-type ss469415590 TT was 9.88 (1.99-48.99) and 7.25 (1.91-27.51), respectively, similar to those found for rs12979860 CC [9.55 (1.93-47.37) and 6.30 (1.71-23.13)] and for rs12980275 AA [9.62 (1.94-47.77] and 7.83 (2.02-30.34)], but higher than for rs8099917 TT [4.8 (1.73-13.33) and 4.75 (2.05-10.98)]. In hepatitis C virus genotype 1, mean (SD) CXCL10 levels in patients with the TT/TT, TT/∆G and ∆G/∆G variants were, respectively, 355.1 (240.6), 434.4 (247.4) and 569.9 (333.3) (P = 0.04). In patients with genotypes 2 and 3 no significant association was found for TT/∆G with viral response. The predictive value of ss469415590 was stronger in patients with advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The novel IL28B variants at marker ss469415590 predict response to IFN alpha in chronic hepatitis C patients, especially in those with advanced fibrosis. Their determination may be superior to that of known IL28B variants for patient management using IFN-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Covolo
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Lee TH, Tillmann HL, Patel K. Individualized therapy for hepatitis C infection: focus on the interleukin-28B polymorphism in directing therapy. Mol Diagn Ther 2014; 18:25-38. [PMID: 24022240 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-013-0053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus—a major global cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma—affects millions of people worldwide. Pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) had been the standard treatment for a decade until availability of the protease inhibitors in 2011. However, current antiviral therapy is still IFN-based and is associated with significant side effects and variable treatment response. Thus, various host and viral factors have been evaluated before and during treatment for the prediction of sustained virologic response to antiviral therapy. In 2009, genome-wide association studies found the single-nucleotide polymorphisms, located near the host interleukin-28B (IL28B) gene that encodes IFN-λ3, to be the best pretreatment predictor of virologic response to Peg-IFN and RBV therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients. Additionally, inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene variants were found to be associated with RBV-induced hemolytic anemia, which could affect treatment dose for selected patients. IL28B, ITPA, and other treatment predictors allowed for a potential individualized approach to treat hepatitis C. In the era of increased overall virologic response rates and good tolerability of the rapidly developing non-IFN oral direct-acting antiviral therapy regimens, the need for individualized treatment is likely to diminish. Various predictors of response, including IL28B will likely be of reduced importance in the near future.
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Feld JJ, Grebely J, Matthews GV, Applegate T, Hellard M, Sherker A, Cherepanov V, Petoumenos K, Yeung B, Kaldor JM, Lloyd AR, Dore GJ. Plasma interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 levels are associated with early, but not sustained virological response during treatment of acute or early chronic HCV infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80003. [PMID: 24278230 PMCID: PMC3835825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High plasma levels of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) have been shown to be associated with impaired treatment response in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Whether IP-10 levels predict treatment in acute HCV infection is unknown. Methods Patients with acute or early chronic HCV infection from the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC) cohort were evaluated. Baseline and on-treatment plasma IP-10 levels were measured by ELISA. IL28B genotype was determined by sequencing. Results Overall, 74 HCV mono-infected and 35 HIV/HCV co-infected patients were treated in ATAHC, of whom 89 were adherent to therapy and were included for analysis. IP-10 levels correlated with HCV RNA levels at baseline (r = 0.48, P<0.001) and during treatment. Baseline IP-10 levels were higher in patients who failed to achieve rapid virological response (RVR). Only one patient with a plasma IP-10 level >600 pg/mL achieved RVR. There was no association with IP-10 levels and early virological response (EVR) or sustained virological response (SVR). Conclusions Baseline IP-10 levels are associated with early viral kinetics but not ultimate treatment outcome in acute HCV infection. Given previous data showing that patients with high baseline IP-10 are unlikely to spontaneously clear acute HCV infection, they should be prioritized for early antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J. Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason Grebely
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gail V. Matthews
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tanya Applegate
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alana Sherker
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vera Cherepanov
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathy Petoumenos
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara Yeung
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John M. Kaldor
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Dore
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Direct, interferon-independent activation of the CXCL10 promoter by NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 during hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 2013; 88:1582-90. [PMID: 24257594 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02007-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of hepatocytes leads to transcriptional induction of the chemokine CXCL10, which is considered an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene. However, we have recently shown that IFNs are not required for CXCL10 induction in hepatocytes during acute HCV infection. Since the CXCL10 promoter contains binding sites for several proinflammatory transcription factors, we investigated the contribution of these factors to CXCL10 transcriptional induction during HCV infection in vitro. Wild-type and mutant CXCL10 promoter-luciferase reporter constructs were used to identify critical sites of transcriptional regulation. The proximal IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and NF-κB binding sites positively regulated CXCL10 transcription during HCV infection as well as following exposure to poly(I·C) (a Toll-like receptor 3 [TLR3] stimulus) and 5' poly(U) HCV RNA (a retinoic acid-inducible gene I [RIG-I] stimulus) from two viral genotypes. Conversely, binding sites for AP-1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP-β) negatively regulated CXCL10 induction in response to TLR3 and RIG-I stimuli, while only C/EBP-β negatively regulated CXCL10 during HCV infection. We also demonstrated that interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is transiently recruited to the proximal ISRE during HCV infection and localizes to the nucleus in HCV-infected primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, IRF3 activated the CXCL10 promoter independently of type I or type III IFN signaling. The data indicate that sensing of HCV infection by RIG-I and TLR3 leads to direct recruitment of NF-κB and IRF3 to the CXCL10 promoter. Our study expands upon current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of CXCL10 induction in hepatocytes and lays the foundation for additional mechanistic studies that further elucidate the combinatorial and synergistic aspects of immune signaling pathways.
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Konishi H, Shirabe K, Yoshiya S, Ikeda T, Ikegami T, Yoshizumi T, Ikawa-Yoshida A, Motomura T, Fukuhara T, Maehara Y. Hepatic interferon-gamma-induced protein-10 expression is more strongly associated with liver fibrosis than interleukin-28B single nucleotide polymorphisms in hepatocellular carcinoma resected patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:1139-47. [PMID: 23387467 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) around IL-28B and interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) expression are predictors of response to standard therapy involving IFN for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We analyzed the association between these predictors to improve the prediction of the response to IFN therapy after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Data were collected from 74 patients with HCV-induced HCC. The IL-28B genotype and hepatic ISG mRNA levels were analyzed to clarify their association, focusing on the progression of liver fibrosis. RESULTS Fifty patients were identified as having major alleles (rs8099917 TT) and the remaining 24 patients had minor alleles (rs8099917 TG or GG). Hepatic ISG15 expression was lower in the IL-28B major group than that in the IL-28B minor group (P < 0.005). IP-10 expression was similar between the IL-28B major and minor groups (P = 0.44). IP-10 expression was elevated with advancing stages of liver fibrosis in HCV infected patients (P = 0.005). In patients with mild or no fibrosis, the IL-28B major group had lower IP-10 expression than the IL-28B minor group (P = 0.02). However, in patients with advanced fibrosis, IP-10 expression was not different between the IL-28B major and minor groups (P = 0.66). CONCLUSION Hepatic ISG15 expression is associated with IL-28B polymorphisms, while IP-10 is strongly affected by liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Konishi
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Lee IC, Huang YH, Su CW, Wang YJ, Huo TI, Lee KC, Lin HC. CXCL9 associated with sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a therapy: a pilot study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76798. [PMID: 24124595 PMCID: PMC3790882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is lack of a practical biomarker to predict sustained virological response (SVR) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing peginterferon alfa-2a (PEG-IFN). The aim of this pilot study was to identify immunological features associated with SVR. METHODS Consecutive 74 CHB patients receiving 24 weeks (for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive) or 48 weeks (for HBeAg-negative) PEG-IFN, were prospectively enrolled. Serum HBV viral loads, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), CXCL9, IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were measured at baseline and week 12. SVR was defined as HBeAg seroconversion combined with viral load <2000 IU/mL in HBeAg-positive (n=36), and viral load <2000 IU/mL in HBeAg-negative patients (n=38) at 48 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS Nineteen patients (25.7%), 7 in HBeAg-positive and 12 in HBeAg-negative, achieved SVR. There were significant declines of HBV DNA, HBsAg, IP-10 and IFN-γ levels at week 12. In multivariate analysis, pre-treatment CXCL9 >80 pg/mL, HBV DNA <2.5 x 10(7) IU/mL and on-treatment HBV viral load, HBsAg decline >10% at week 12 were predictors of SVR. The performance of CXCL9 in predicting SVR was good in patients with HBV DNA <2.5 x 10(7) IU/mL, particularly in HBeAg-negative CHB cases (positive predictive value, PPV= 64.3%). CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment CXCL9 level has the potential to select CHB patients who can respond to PEG-IFN, especially in HBeAg-negative patients with low viral loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Cheng Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Su
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jen Wang
- Health Care Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ia Huo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Brownell J, Wagoner J, Lovelace ES, Thirstrup D, Mohar I, Smith W, Giugliano S, Li K, Crispe IN, Rosen HR, Polyak SJ. Independent, parallel pathways to CXCL10 induction in HCV-infected hepatocytes. J Hepatol 2013; 59:701-8. [PMID: 23770038 PMCID: PMC3779522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pro-inflammatory chemokine CXCL10 is induced by HCV infection in vitro and in vivo, and is associated with outcome of IFN (interferon)-based therapy. We studied how hepatocyte sensing of early HCV infection via TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) and RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene I) led to expression of CXCL10. METHODS CXCL10, type I IFN, and type III IFN mRNAs and proteins were measured in PHH (primary human hepatocytes) and hepatocyte lines harboring functional or non-functional TLR3 and RIG-I pathways following HCV infection or exposure to receptor-specific stimuli. RESULTS HuH7 human hepatoma cells expressing both TLR3 and RIG-I produced maximal CXCL10 during early HCV infection. Neutralization of type I and type III IFNs had no impact on virus-induced CXCL10 expression in TLR3+/RIG-I+ HuH7 cells, but reduced CXCL10 expression in PHH. PHH cultures were positive for monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell mRNAs. Immunodepletion of non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) eliminated marker expression in PHH cultures, which then showed no IFN requirement for CXCL10 induction during HCV infection. Immunofluorescence studies also revealed a positive correlation between intracellular HCV Core and CXCL10 protein expression (r(2) = 0.88, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS While CXCL10 induction in hepatocytes during the initial phase of HCV infection is independent of hepatocyte-derived type I and type III IFNs, NPC-derived IFNs contribute to CXCL10 induction during HCV infection in PHH cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Brownell
- Department of Global Health, Pathobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wesley Smith
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Silvia Giugliano
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Hugo R. Rosen
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Stephen J. Polyak
- Department of Global Health, Pathobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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