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Golubska M, Paukszto Ł, Kurzyńska A, Mierzejewski K, Gerwel Z, Bogacka I. PPAR beta/delta regulates the immune response mechanisms in the porcine endometrium during LPS-induced inflammation - An in vitro study. Theriogenology 2024; 226:130-140. [PMID: 38878465 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation in the reproductive tract has become a serious threat to animal fertility. Recently, the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the context of reproduction and the inflammatory response has been highlighted, but the role of PPARβ/δ has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effect of PPARβ/δ ligands (agonist: L-165,041 and antagonist: GSK 3787) on the transcriptome profile of porcine endometrium during LPS-induced inflammation in the mid-luteal and follicular phases of the oestrous cycle (days 10-12 and 18-20, respectively) using the RNA-Seq method. During the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle, the current study identified 145 and 143 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after treatment with an agonist or antagonist, respectively. During the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle, 55 and 207 DEGs were detected after treatment with an agonist or antagonist, respectively. The detected DEGs are engaged in the regulation of various processes, such as the complement and coagulation cascade, NF-κB signalling pathway, or the pathway of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives synthesis. The results of the current study indicate that PPARβ/δ ligands are involved in the control of the endometrial inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Golubska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kurzyńska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karol Mierzejewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Gerwel
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Bogacka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Plumber SA, Tate T, Al-Ahmadie H, Chen X, Choi W, Basar M, Lu C, Viny A, Batourina E, Li J, Gretarsson K, Alija B, Molotkov A, Wiessner G, Lee BHL, McKiernan J, McConkey DJ, Dinney C, Czerniak B, Mendelsohn CL. Rosiglitazone and trametinib exhibit potent anti-tumor activity in a mouse model of muscle invasive bladder cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6538. [PMID: 39095358 PMCID: PMC11297265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle invasive bladder cancers (BCs) can be divided into 2 major subgroups-basal/squamous (BASQ) tumors and luminal tumors. Since Pparg has low or undetectable expression in BASQ tumors, we tested the effects of rosiglitazone, Pparg agonist, in a mouse model of BASQ BC. We find that rosiglitazone reduces proliferation while treatment with rosiglitazone plus trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, induces apoptosis and reduces tumor volume by 91% after 1 month. Rosiglitazone and trametinib also induce a shift from BASQ to luminal differentiation in tumors, which our analysis suggests is mediated by retinoid signaling, a pathway known to drive the luminal differentiation program. Our data suggest that rosiglitazone, trametinib, and retinoids, which are all FDA approved, may be clinically active in BASQ tumors in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina A Plumber
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiffany Tate
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Generation Bio, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Woonyoung Choi
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Merve Basar
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron Viny
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ekatherina Batourina
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristjan Gretarsson
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Besmira Alija
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrei Molotkov
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Wiessner
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Byron Hing Lung Lee
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James McKiernan
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J McConkey
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colin Dinney
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cathy Lee Mendelsohn
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Szlachcikowska D, Tabęcka-Łonczyńska A, Holota S, Roman O, Shepeta Y, Lesyk R, Szychowski KA. Role of Ciminalum-4-thiazolidinone Hybrids in Molecular NF-κB Dependent Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7329. [PMID: 39000436 PMCID: PMC11242080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A range of hybrid molecules incorporating the ciminalum moiety in the thiazolidinone ring demonstrate significant anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the properties and mechanism of action of two 4-thiazolidinone-based derivatives, i.e., 3-{5-[(Z,2Z)-2-chloro-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-propenylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl}propanoic acid (Les-45) and 5-[2-chloro-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-propenylidene]-2-(3-hydroxyphenylamino)thiazol-4(5H)-one (Les-247). In our study, we analyzed the impact of Les-45 and Les-247 on metabolic activity, caspase-3 activity, and the expression of genes and proteins related to inflammatory and antioxidant defenses and cytoskeleton rearrangement in healthy human fibroblasts (BJ) and a human lung carcinoma cell line (A549). The cells were exposed to increasing concentrations (1 nM to 100 μM) of the studied compounds for 24 h and 48 h. A decrease in the metabolic activity in the BJ and A549 cell lines was induced by both compounds at a concentration range from 10 to 100 µM. Both compounds decreased the mRNA expression of NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and β-actin in the BJ cells. Interestingly, a significant decrease in the level of NF-κB gene and protein expression was detected in the BJ cell line, suggesting a direct impact of the studied compounds on the inhibition of inflammation. However, more studies are needed due to the ability of Les-45 and Les-247 to interfere with the tubulin/actin cytoskeleton, i.e., a critical system existing in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Szlachcikowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (D.S.); (R.L.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Anna Tabęcka-Łonczyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (D.S.); (R.L.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (S.H.); (O.R.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacy, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Volya Avenue 13, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Olexandra Roman
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (S.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Yulia Shepeta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Pirogov 56, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine;
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (D.S.); (R.L.); (K.A.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (S.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Konrad A. Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (D.S.); (R.L.); (K.A.S.)
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Zhou R, Huang R, Zhou S, Lu S, Lin H, Qiu J, Ma S, He J. Sorbicillinoid HSL-2 inhibits the infection of influenza A virus via interaction with the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00168-5. [PMID: 38942291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance is an important factor in the fight against influenza A virus (IAV). Natural products offer a rich source of lead compounds for the discovery of novel antiviral drugs. In a previous study, we isolated the sorbicillinoid polyketide HSL-2 from the mycelium of fungus Trichoderma sp. T-4-1. Here, we show that this compound exerts strong antiviral activity against a panel of IAVs. METHODS The immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR assays were used to detect the inhibitory effect of HSL-2 toward the replication of influenza virus and IAV-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. RESULTS The results indicated that HSL-2 inhibited influenza virus replication, and it significantly inhibited IAV-induced overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β through modulating the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway. Notably, this effect was decreased when cells were transfected with PPAR-γ siRNA or treated with the PPAR-γ inhibitor T0070907. In addition, HSL-2 was able to attenuate lung inflammatory responses and to improve lung lesions in a mouse model of IAV infection. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we identified a microbial secondary metabolite, HSL-2, with anti-influenza virus activity. This report is the first to describe the antiviral activity and mechanism of action of HSL-2, and it provides a new strategy for the development of novel anti-influenza virus drugs from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruifeng Huang
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shaofen Zhou
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shengsheng Lu
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haixing Lin
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingnan Qiu
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuaiqi Ma
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jian He
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Vančo J, Trávníček Z, Malina T, Hošek J, Dvořák Z. Cellular Effects of Cationic Copper(II) Schiff Base Complexes: Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400214. [PMID: 39031727 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
A series of potassium isothiocyanato-(N-salicylidene-aminoacidato) cuprates (1-5) with the general formula of the monomeric unit K[Cu(sal-aa)(NCS)] ⋅ xH2O (x=0 or 2), containing a Schiff-base ligand (H2sal-aa) derived from natural amino acids such as glycine, DL-α-alanine, DL-valine, DL-phenylalanine and β-alanine, and salicylaldehyde, was screened for in vitro antiradical and major cellular effects against selected cancerous and normal cells. The complexes exhibited strong antioxidant properties against superoxide in vitro and a protective effect on DNA under Fenton-like reaction conditions. Screening of their cellular effects revealed moderate in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780R and MCF-7), with IC50 values of 25-35 μM, and relatively low toxicity to normal fibroblast MRC-5 cells (with IC50 values>50 μM). Additional experiments performed on A2780 cells revealed that the most potent complex 5 significantly increased the number of A2780 cells arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and triggered intracellular oxidative stress. The selected flow cytometry experiments (detection of apoptosis/autophagy and activation of caspases 3/7 and depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential) did not reveal the dominant mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of the complexes but clearly differentiated their molecular effects from those of the reference drug cisplatin. All the complexes exerted anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-activated THP-1 macrophage-like cells. Complex 5 also slightly influenced the activity of the upstream NF-κB transcription factor, while no effect on PPARγ activation was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Vančo
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Malina
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hošek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Abdulqadir R, Al-Sadi R, Haque M, Gupta Y, Rawat M, Ma TY. Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain BB1 Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Increase in Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Permeability via Toll-Like Receptor-2/Toll-Like Receptor-6 Receptor Complex-Dependent Stimulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and Suppression of NF-κB p65. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00211-6. [PMID: 38885924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium bifidum strain BB1 causes a strain-specific enhancement in intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induces an increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability and promotes intestinal inflammation. The major purpose of this study was to delineate the protective effect of BB1 against the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability and to unravel the intracellular mechanisms involved. Previously reported, TNF-α produces an increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability in Caco-2 monolayers and in mice. The addition of BB1 inhibited the TNF-α increase in Caco-2 intestinal TJ permeability and mouse intestinal permeability in a strain-specific manner. BB1 inhibited the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability by interfering the with TNF-α-induced enterocyte NF-κB p50/p65 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) gene activation. The BB1 protective effect against the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal permeability was mediated by toll-like receptor-2/toll-like receptor-6 heterodimer complex activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and PPAR-γ pathway inhibition of TNF-α-induced IKK-α activation, which, in turn, resulted in a step-wise inhibition of NF-κB p50/p65, MLCK gene, MLCK kinase activity, and MLCK-induced opening of the TJ barrier. In conclusion, these studies unravel novel intracellular mechanisms of BB1 protection against the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability. Our data show that BB1 protects against the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability via a PPAR-γ-dependent inhibition of NF-κB p50/p65 and MLCK gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raz Abdulqadir
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
| | - Rana Al-Sadi
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad Haque
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Yash Gupta
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Manmeet Rawat
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Y Ma
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Aziz WM, Ahmed SA, Shaker SE, Fayed DB, Metwally NS, Shawky H. Portulaca oleracea L seed extracts counteract diabetic nephropathy through SDF-1/IL10/PPARγ-mediated tuning of keap1/Nrf2 and NF-κB transcription in Sprague Dawley rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:119. [PMID: 38811991 PMCID: PMC11138090 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE While oxidative stress is the key player driving diabetic nephropathy (DN), firm glycemic control remains the pillar prophylactic measure. Purslane was extensively described as a potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent owing to its rich content of antioxidants. Therefore, this report aimed to assess the renoprotective potentials of methanol (MO) and methylene chloride (MC) fixed oil extracts of purslane seeds in a diabetic nephropathy (DN) model. METHODS Purslane seeds were extracted using absolute methanol and methylene chloride, and type-1 diabetes was induced with a single 55 mg/kg dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in 100 mmol/L citrate buffer (pH 4.5), and then diabetic animals were received MO, MC, for 42 consecutive days to compare their antidiabetic effect relative to the reference drug "Losartan". Renal functions and DN biomarkers were weekly assessed, and the relative expression of different oxido-inflammatory mediators was quantified in diabetic kidneys by RT-PCR. Data were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9.0.2. RESULTS The oral administration of MO and MC extracts (250 mg/kg/day) significantly ameliorated the body weight loss (P < 0.0001 / each), fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) (P < 0.0001 / each), urine volume (P < 0.0001 / each), as well as serum creatinine (P < 0.0001 / each), uric acid (P = 0.0022, 0.0052), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P = 0.0265, 0.0338); respectively, compared with the untreated diabetic rats. In addition, both extracts restored the effectuality of antioxidative machinery in diabetic kidneys as indicated by a significant reduction of ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation; higher GSH content, and promoted activity of glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.0001 / each). Histologically, both extracts alleviated the DN-structural alterations including the glomerular congestion and tubular degeneration, with MC-treated kidneys showing near to normal architecture. The transcription profiles of all treated kidneys revealed a significantly downregulated expression of TNF-α, IL-6, Keap1 and NF-κB genes, concomitant with a significant upregulation of SDF-1, IL-10, Nrf2, HO-1, and PPARγ gene expression (P < 0.0001 / all). CONCLUSION These findings highlight the remarkable DN-prophylactic potentials of purslane extracts mediated by neutralizing the hyperglycemia-induced ROS accumulation, and circumventing the downstream inflammatory cascades, surpassing the reference angiotensin receptor blocker; i.e. Losartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessam M Aziz
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sylvia E Shaker
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Dalia B Fayed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Nadia S Metwally
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Heba Shawky
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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Pomianek T, Zagórska-Dziok M, Skóra B, Ziemlewska A, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Wójciak M, Sowa I, Szychowski KA. Comparison of the Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Properties of Extracts from Different Cultivars of Cornus mas L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5495. [PMID: 38791533 PMCID: PMC11122231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornus mas L. is a rich source of vitamin C and polyphenols. Due to their health-benefit properties, C. mas L. extracts have been used in, e.g., dermatology and cosmetology, and as a food supplement. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its co-activator (PGC-1α) are now suspected to be the main target of active substances from C. mass extracts, especially polyphenols. Moreover, the PPARγ pathway is involved in the development of different diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), cancers, skin irritation, and inflammation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the PPARγ pathway activation by the most popular water and ethanol extracts from specific C. mas L. cultivars in an in vitro model of the human normal fibroblast (BJ) cell line. We analyzed the content of biologically active compounds in the extracts using the UPLC-DAD-MS technique and revealed the presence of many polyphenols, including gallic, quinic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, and ellagic acids as well as iridoids, with loganic acid being the predominant component. In addition, the extracts contained cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, and quercetin 3-glucuronide. The water-ethanol dark red extract (DRE) showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity was assessed in a normal skin cell line, and positive effects of all the extracts with concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 µg/mL on the cells were shown. Our data show that the studied extracts activate the PPARγ/PGC-1α molecular pathway in BJ cells and, through this mechanism, initiate antioxidant response. Moreover, the activation of this molecular pathway may increase insulin sensitivity in DM2 and reduce skin irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Pomianek
- Department of Management, Faculty of Administration and Social Sciences, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Martyna Zagórska-Dziok
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Ziemlewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Konrad A. Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
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9
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Bertolini A, Bloks VW, Wilmink M, Bos E, van de Peppel IP, Eilers R, Prins S, Thomas R, de Bruin A, Verkade H, Jonker JW. Treatment of intestinal and liver features in cystic fibrosis mice by the osmotic laxative polyethylene glycol. J Cyst Fibros 2024; 23:461-473. [PMID: 37775443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease affecting multiple organs, primarily the lungs and digestive system. Improved pulmonary management significantly improved life expectancy of CF patients. As a result, extrapulmonary manifestations, including gastrointestinal and liver-related symptoms, have become more relevant. We previously reported that the osmotic laxative polyethylene glycol (PEG), which hydrates the CF gut, decreased fecal bile acid loss in a CF knockout mouse model. In the current study we investigated the effect of PEG on intestinal fat and cholesterol absorption and on CF-related liver features in a CF mouse model with the most common CF-causing mutation. METHODS CftrΔF508/ΔF508 (n=13) and wild-type (WT) (n=12) mice were treated with PEG for 2 weeks. The intestinal and hepatic effects of PEG were assessed by analysis of intestinal bile acid, cholesterol, and fat fluxes, transcriptome analysis as well as histology. RESULTS PEG improved intestinal malabsorption of bile acids, fat, and cholesterol in CftrΔF508/ΔF508 mice. Transcriptome analysis showed that PEG partially restored the intestinal signaling of nuclear receptors RXR, FXR, and CAR/PXR, which are involved in bile acid and xenobiotic metabolism. PEG also reduced liver inflammation in CF mice as assessed by transcriptome and histological analyses. CONCLUSIONS PEG, a non-absorbable osmotic laxative, improved intestinal nutrient absorption, intestinal bile acid and xenobiotic signaling, as well as CF-related liver features. These findings highlight the potential for osmotic laxation to improve gastrointestinal complications of CF in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bertolini
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijn Wilmink
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eline Bos
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo P van de Peppel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roos Eilers
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sake Prins
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Department of Pathobiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Department of Pathobiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henkjan Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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10
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Firth W, Pye KR, Weightman Potter PG. Astrocytes at the intersection of ageing, obesity, and neurodegeneration. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:515-536. [PMID: 38652065 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Once considered passive cells of the central nervous system (CNS), glia are now known to actively maintain the CNS parenchyma; in recent years, the evidence for glial functions in CNS physiology and pathophysiology has only grown. Astrocytes, a heterogeneous group of glial cells, play key roles in regulating the metabolic and inflammatory landscape of the CNS and have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for a variety of disorders. This review will outline astrocyte functions in the CNS in healthy ageing, obesity, and neurodegeneration, with a focus on the inflammatory responses and mitochondrial function, and will address therapeutic outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyn Firth
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Katherine R Pye
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Paul G Weightman Potter
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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11
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Amoah AS, Pestov NB, Korneenko TV, Prokhorenko IA, Kurakin GF, Barlev NA. Lipoxygenases at the Intersection of Infection and Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3961. [PMID: 38612771 PMCID: PMC11011848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The persisting presence of opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a significant threat to many immunocompromised cancer patients with pulmonary infections. This review highlights the complexity of interactions in the host's defensive eicosanoid signaling network and its hijacking by pathogenic bacteria to their own advantage. Human lipoxygenases (ALOXs) and their mouse counterparts are integral elements of the innate immune system, mostly operating in the pro-inflammatory mode. Taking into account the indispensable role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, lipoxygenases have counteracting roles in this process. In addition to describing the structure-function of lipoxygenases in this review, we discuss their roles in such critical processes as cancer cell signaling, metastases, death of cancer and immune cells through ferroptosis, as well as the roles of ALOXs in carcinogenesis promoted by pathogenic infections. Finally, we discuss perspectives of novel oncotherapeutic approaches to harness lipoxygenase signaling in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Saleem Amoah
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.-S.A.); (N.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Pestov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.-S.A.); (N.A.B.)
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (T.V.K.); (I.A.P.)
- Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Korneenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (T.V.K.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Igor A. Prokhorenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (T.V.K.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Georgy F. Kurakin
- Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117513, Russia;
| | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.-S.A.); (N.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Viral Encephalitides, Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
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12
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Anton-Păduraru DT, Azoicăi AN, Trofin F, Murgu AM, Mîndru DE, Bocec AS, Halițchi COI, Zota GR, Păduraru D, Nastase EV. Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Liver Disease in Children. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:538. [PMID: 38473009 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multifaceted disorder predominantly investigated for its pulmonary manifestations, yet patients with CF also exhibit a spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations, notably those involving the hepatobiliary system. The latter constitutes the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with CF. Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD), with an escalating prevalence, manifests diverse clinical presentations ranging from hepatomegaly to cirrhosis and hepatopulmonary syndrome. Consequently, early detection and appropriate management are imperative for sustaining the health and influencing the quality of life of CF patients afflicted with CFLD. This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of hepatobiliary manifestations associated with CF. It delineates the clinical hepatobiliary manifestations, diagnostic methodologies, incorporating minimally invasive markers, and therapeutic approaches, encompassing the impact of novel CFTR modulators on CFLD. Given the exigency of early diagnosis and the intricate management of CFLD, a multidisciplinary team approach is essential to optimize care and enhance the quality of life for this subset of patients. In conclusion, recognizing CF as more than solely a pulmonary ailment, the authors underscore the imperative for further clinical investigations to establish a more robust evidence base for CFLD management within the continuum of this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana-Teodora Anton-Păduraru
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaṣi, Romania
- "Sf. Maria" Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alice Nicoleta Azoicăi
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaṣi, Romania
- "Sf. Maria" Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Felicia Trofin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity-Microbiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaṣi, Romania
| | - Alina Mariela Murgu
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaṣi, Romania
- "Sf. Maria" Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dana Elena Mîndru
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaṣi, Romania
- "Sf. Maria" Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana Simona Bocec
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaṣi, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Rusu Zota
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana Păduraru
- "Dr. C. I. Parhon" Clinical Hospital, 700503 Iaṣi, Romania
| | - Eduard Vasile Nastase
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Infectious Diseases, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases "Sf. Parascheva", 700116 Iasi, Romania
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13
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Wang X, Wang Z, He J. Similarities and Differences of Vascular Calcification in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:165-192. [PMID: 38222032 PMCID: PMC10788067 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s438618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Presently, the mechanism of occurrence and development of vascular calcification (VC) is not fully understood; a range of evidence suggests a positive association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and VC. Furthermore, the increasing burden of central vascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be due, at least in part, to VC. In this review, we will review recent advances in the mechanisms of VC in the context of CKD and diabetes. The study further unveiled that VC is induced through the stimulation of pro-inflammatory factors, which in turn impairs endothelial function and triggers similar mechanisms in both disease contexts. Notably, hyperglycemia was identified as the distinctive mechanism driving calcification in DM. Conversely, in CKD, calcification is facilitated by mechanisms including mineral metabolism imbalance and the presence of uremic toxins. Additionally, we underscore the significance of investigating vascular alterations and newly identified molecular pathways as potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Xiang X, Xin X, Hou Y, Deng Y, Liu X, Yu W. Diosgenin alters LPS-induced macrophage polarization by activating PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111270. [PMID: 38029551 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DG) is a steroidal saponin derived from plants, and it exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we employed an in vitro model of P.g.-LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of DG under the condition of altered polarization of macrophages. The RAW264.7 cells were subjected to pre-treatment with DG with or without P.g.-LPS. In cultured macrophages, DG inhibited P.g.-LPS-induced pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, and increased anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Notably, DG reduced the expression of phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and IκB while increasing the expression of PPARγ. Further studies revealed that PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 or PPARγ siRNA reversed the inhibitory effect of DG on M1 phenotype. Collectively, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DG is related to altering macrophage polarization by activating PPARγ and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Xiang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xirui Xin
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yubo Hou
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinchan Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Weixian Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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15
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Youn I, Han S, Jung HJ, Noh SG, Chung HY, Koo YK, Shin S, Seo EK. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Constituents from the Leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1655. [PMID: 38139782 PMCID: PMC10747482 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilla frutense var. acuta (Lamiaceae) has been used to treat indigestion, asthma, and allergies in traditional medicine. In this study, luteolin 7-O-diglucuronide (1), apigenin 7-O-diglucuronide (2), and rosmarinic acid (3) were isolated from the leaves of P. frutescens var. acuta through various chromatographic purification techniques. Several approaches were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the constituents (1-3) and their working mechanisms. In silico docking simulation demonstrated that 1-3 would work as a PPAR-α/δ/γ agonist, and in vitro PPAR-α/δ/γ transcriptional assay showed that the Perilla water extract (PWE) and 3 increased PPAR-α luciferase activity (1.71 and 1.61 times of the control (PPAR-α + PPRE, p < 0.001)). In the NF-κB luciferase assay, 1 suppressed NF-κB activity the most (56.83% at 5 µM; 74.96% at 10 µM; 79.86% at 50 µM). In addition, 1 and 2 inhibited the mRNA expression of NF-κB target genes, including Il6, Mcp1, and Tnfa, at 50 µM, and 3 suppressed the genes at the mRNA level in a dose-dependent manner. We report that 1 and 2 exert anti-inflammatory effects through NF-κB inhibition, and the PPAR-α/NF-κB signaling pathway is related to the anti-inflammatory activity of 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isoo Youn
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (I.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Sujin Han
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (I.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Yean Kyoung Koo
- Department of R&I Center, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13487, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sunhye Shin
- Major of Food and Nutrition, Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (I.Y.); (S.H.)
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16
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Kumar HS, Yi Z, Tong S, Annamalai RT. Magnetic nanocomplexes coupled with an external magnetic field modulate macrophage phenotype - a non-invasive strategy for bone regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.02.556050. [PMID: 37732259 PMCID: PMC10508738 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.02.556050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major cause for the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases such as fragility fracture, and nonunion. Studies have shown that modulating the immune phenotype of macrophages from proinflammatory to prohealing mode can heal recalcitrant bone defects. Current therapeutic strategies predominantly apply biochemical cues, which often lack target specificity and controlling their release kinetics in vivo is challenging spatially and temporally. We show a magnetic iron-oxide nanocomplexes (MNC)-based strategy to resolve chronic inflammation in the context of promoting fracture healing. MNC internalized pro-inflammatory macrophages, when coupled with an external magnetic field, exert an intracellular magnetic force on the cytoskeleton, which promotes a prohealing phenotype switch. Mechanistically, the intracellular magnetic force perturbs actin polymerization, thereby significantly reducing nuclear to cytoplasm redistribution of MRTF-A and HDAC3, major drivers of inflammatory and osteogenic gene expressions. This significantly reduces Nos2 gene expression and subsequently downregulates the inflammatory response, as confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis. These findings are a proof of concept to develop MNC-based resolution-centric therapeutic intervention to direct macrophage phenotype and function towards healing and can be translated either to supplement or replace the currently used anti-inflammatory therapies for fracture healing.
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17
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Fligor SC, Tsikis ST, Hirsch TI, Pan A, Moskowitzova K, Rincon-Cruz L, Whitlock AE, Mitchell PD, Nedder AP, Gura KM, Fraser DA, Puder M. A Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Analogue Prevents Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease in Preterm Yorkshire Piglets. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:733-745.e9. [PMID: 37263310 PMCID: PMC10527514 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS At least 20%-30% of patients with intestinal failure receiving long-term parenteral nutrition will develop intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), for which there are few therapeutic options. SEFA-6179 is a first-in-class structurally engineered medium-chain fatty acid analogue that acts through GPR84, PPARα, and PPARγ agonism. We hypothesized that SEFA-6179 would prevent biochemical and histologic liver injury in a preterm piglet model of IFALD. METHODS Preterm Yorkshire piglets were delivered by cesarean section, and parenteral nutrition was provided for 14 days via implanted central venous catheters. Animals were treated with either medium-chain triglyceride vehicle control or SEFA-6179. RESULTS Compared to medium-chain triglyceride vehicle at day of life 15, SEFA-6179 prevented biochemical cholestasis (direct bilirubin: 1.9 vs <0.2 mg/dL, P = .01; total bilirubin: 2.7 vs 0.4 mg/dL, P = .02; gamma glutamyl transferase: 172 vs 30 U/L, P = .01). SEFA-6179 also prevented steatosis (45.6 vs 13.9 mg triglycerides/g liver tissue, P = .009), reduced bile duct proliferation (1.6% vs 0.5% area cytokeratin 7 positive, P = .009), and reduced fibrosis assessed by a masked pathologist (median Ishak score: 3 vs 1, P = 0.007). RNA sequencing of liver tissue demonstrated that SEFA-6179 broadly impacted inflammatory, metabolic, and fibrotic pathways, consistent with its in vitro receptor activity (GPR84/PPARα/PPARγ agonist). CONCLUSIONS In a preterm piglet model of IFALD, SEFA-6179 treatment prevented biochemical cholestasis and steatosis and reduced bile duct proliferation and fibrosis. SEFA-6179 is a promising first-in-class therapy for the prevention and treatment of IFALD that will be investigated in an upcoming phase II clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Fligor
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Savas T Tsikis
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas I Hirsch
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kamila Moskowitzova
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorena Rincon-Cruz
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashlyn E Whitlock
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arthur P Nedder
- Animal Resources Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen M Gura
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pharmacy and the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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18
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Tate T, Plumber SA, Al-Ahmadie H, Chen X, Choi W, Lu C, Viny A, Batourina E, Gartensson K, Alija B, Molotkov A, Wiessner G, McKiernan J, McConkey D, Dinney C, Czerniak B, Mendelsohn CL. Combined Mek inhibition and Pparg activation Eradicates Muscle Invasive Bladder cancer in a Mouse Model of BBN-induced Carcinogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.19.553961. [PMID: 37662238 PMCID: PMC10473651 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.19.553961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancers (BCs) can be divided into 2 major subgroups displaying distinct clinical behaviors and mutational profiles: basal/squamous (BASQ) tumors that tend to be muscle invasive, and luminal/papillary (LP) tumors that are exophytic and tend to be non-invasive. Pparg is a likely driver of LP BC and has been suggested to act as a tumor suppressor in BASQ tumors, where it is likely suppressed by MEK-dependent phosphorylation. Here we tested the effects of rosiglitazone, a Pparg agonist, in a mouse model of BBN-induced muscle invasive BC. Rosiglitazone activated Pparg signaling in suprabasal epithelial layers of tumors but not in basal-most layers containing highly proliferative invasive cells, reducing proliferation but not affecting tumor survival. Addition of trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, induced Pparg signaling throughout all tumor layers, and eradicated 91% of tumors within 7-days of treatment. The 2-drug combination also activated a luminal differentiation program, reversing squamous metaplasia in the urothelium of tumor-bearing mice. Paired ATAC-RNA-seq analysis revealed that tumor apoptosis was most likely linked to down-regulation of Bcl-2 and other pro-survival genes, while the shift from BASQ to luminal differentiation was associated with activation of the retinoic acid pathway and upregulation of Kdm6a, a lysine demethylase that facilitates retinoid-signaling. Our data suggest that rosiglitazone, trametinib, and retinoids, which are all FDA approved, may be clinically active in BASQ tumors in patients. That muscle invasive tumors are populated by basal and suprabasal cell types with different responsiveness to PPARG agonists will be an important consideration when designing new treatments.
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19
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Li Y, Zhang ZH, Huang SL, Yue ZB, Yin XS, Feng ZQ, Zhang XG, Song GL. Whey protein powder with milk fat globule membrane attenuates Alzheimer's disease pathology in 3×Tg-AD mice by modulating neuroinflammation through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ signaling pathway. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5253-5265. [PMID: 37414601 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Whey protein powder (PP), which is mainly derived from bovine milk, is rich in milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). The MGFM has been shown to play a role in promoting neuronal development and cognition in the infant brain. However, its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been elucidated. Here, we showed that the cognitive ability of 3×Tg-AD mice (a triple-transgenic mouse model of AD) could be improved by feeding PP to mice for 3 mo. In addition, PP ameliorated amyloid peptide deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation in the brains of AD mice. We found that PP could alleviate AD pathology by inhibiting neuroinflammation through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in the brains of AD mice. Our study revealed an unexpected role of PP in regulating the neuroinflammatory pathology of AD in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, 518060; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China, 518000
| | - Zhong-Hao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, 518060; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China, 518000
| | - Shao-Ling Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, 518060
| | - Zhong-Bao Yue
- ByHealth Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China, 510000
| | - Xue-Song Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, 518060
| | - Zi-Qi Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, 518060
| | - Xu-Guang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, 518060; ByHealth Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China, 510000.
| | - Guo-Li Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, 518060; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China, 518000; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China, 518000.
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20
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Moreno-Lanceta A, Medrano-Bosch M, Simón-Codina B, Barber-González M, Jiménez W, Melgar-Lesmes P. PPAR-γ Agonist GW1929 Targeted to Macrophages with Dendrimer-Graphene Nanostars Reduces Liver Fibrosis and Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051452. [PMID: 37242695 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play essential roles during the progression of chronic liver disease. They actively participate in the response to liver damage and in the balance between fibrogenesis and regression. The activation of the PPARγ nuclear receptor in macrophages has traditionally been associated with an anti-inflammatory phenotype. However, there are no PPARγ agonists with high selectivity for macrophages, and the use of full agonists is generally discouraged due to severe side effects. We designed dendrimer-graphene nanostars linked to a low dose of the GW1929 PPARγ agonist (DGNS-GW) for the selective activation of PPARγ in macrophages in fibrotic livers. DGNS-GW preferentially accumulated in inflammatory macrophages in vitro and attenuated macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype. The treatment with DGNS-GW in fibrotic mice efficiently activated liver PPARγ signaling and promoted a macrophage switch from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. The reduction of hepatic inflammation was associated with a significant reduction in hepatic fibrosis but did not alter liver function or hepatic stellate cell activation. The therapeutic antifibrotic utility of DGNS-GW was attributed to an increased expression of hepatic metalloproteinases that allowed extracellular matrix remodeling. In conclusion, the selective activation of PPARγ in hepatic macrophages with DGNS-GW significantly reduced hepatic inflammation and stimulated extracellular matrix remodeling in experimental liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alazne Moreno-Lanceta
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Medrano-Bosch
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Simón-Codina
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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21
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Thangwong P, Jearjaroen P, Tocharus C, Govitrapong P, Tocharus J. Melatonin suppresses inflammation and blood‒brain barrier disruption in rats with vascular dementia possibly by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ signaling pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1481-1493. [PMID: 37017851 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoxia (CCH) is caused by a reduction in cerebral blood flow, and cognitive impairment has been the predominant feature that occurs after CCH. Recent reports have revealed that melatonin is proficient in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanism by which melatonin affects CCH remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanism of melatonin in inflammation and blood‒brain barrier conditions in rats with CCH. Male Wistar rats were subjected to permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) to establish the VAD model. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, BCCAO, BCCAO treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg), and BCCAO treated with resveratrol (20 mg/kg). All drugs were administered once daily for 4 weeks. Our results showed that melatonin attenuated cognitive impairment, as demonstrated by the Morris water maze tests. Furthermore, melatonin reduced the activation of inflammation by attenuating the phosphorylated nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor alpha (pIκBα), causing the suppression of proteins related to inflammation and inflammasome formation. Moreover, immunohistochemistry revealed that melatonin reduced glial cell activation and proliferation, which were accompanied by Western blotting results. Additionally, melatonin also promoted the expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), causing attenuated blood‒brain barrier (BBB) disruption by increasing tight junction proteins. Taken together, our results prove that melatonin treatment modulated inflammation and BBB disruption and improved cognitive function in VaD rats, partly by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phakkawat Thangwong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pranglada Jearjaroen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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22
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Kendall RL, Ray JL, Hamilton RF, Holian A. Self-replicating murine ex vivo cultured alveolar macrophages as a model for toxicological studies of particle-induced inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 461:116400. [PMID: 36702314 PMCID: PMC10022441 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) are integral to maintaining homeostasis within the lungs following exposure to inhaled particles. However, due to the high animal number requirements for in vitro research with primary AM, there remains a need for validated cell models that replicate alveolar macrophages in form and function to better understand the mechanisms that contribute to particle-induced inflammation and disease. A novel, easily adaptable, culture model that facilitates the continued expansion of murine alveolar macrophages for several months, termed murine ex vivo cultured AM (mexAM) has been recently described. Therefore, the present work evaluated the use of mexAMs as a suitable model for primary AM interactions with nano- and micro-sized particles. mexAM displayed a comparable profile of functional phenotype gene expression as primary AM and similar particle uptake capabilities. The NLRP3 inflammasome-driven IL-1β inflammatory response to crystalline silica and various nanoparticles was also assessed, as well as the effects of cationic amphiphilic drugs to block particle-induced inflammation. For all endpoints, mexAM showed a comparable response to primary AM. Altogether, the present work supports the use of mexAM as a validated replacement for primary AM cultures thereby reducing animal numbers and serving as an effective model for mechanistic investigation of inflammatory pathways in particle-induced respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Kendall
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America.
| | - Jessica L Ray
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America
| | - Raymond F Hamilton
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America
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23
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Salama SA, Elshafey MM. Cross-talk between PPARγ, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK signaling mediates the ameliorating effects of bergenin against the iron overload-induced hepatotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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24
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Ishtiaq SM, Arshad MI, Khan JA. PPARγ signaling in hepatocarcinogenesis: Mechanistic insights for cellular reprogramming and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108298. [PMID: 36243148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortalities globally. The therapeutic approaches for chronic liver diseases-associated liver cancers aimed at modulating immune check-points and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway during multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis that played a dispensable role in immunopathogenesis and outcomes of disease. Herein, the review highlights PPARγ-induced effects in balancing inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and interplay of PPARγ, hepatic stellate cells and fibrogenic niche in cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic crosstalk of hepatocarcinogenesis. PPARγ-mediated effects in pre-malignant microenvironment promote growth arrest, cell senescence and cell clearance in liver cancer pathophysiology. Furthermore, PPARγ-immune cell axis of liver microenvironment exhibits an immunomodulation strategy of resident immune cells of the liver (macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells) in concomitance with current clinical guidelines of the European Association for Study of Liver Diseases (EASL) for several liver diseases. Thus, mechanistic insights of PPARγ-associated high value targets and canonical signaling suggest PPARγ as a possible therapeutic target in reprogramming of hepatocarcinogenesis to decrease burden of liver cancers, worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Momna Ishtiaq
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
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25
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Kosiakova H, Berdyshev A, Dosenko V, Drevytska T, Herasymenko O, Hula N. The involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in anti-inflammatory activity of N-stearoylethanolamine. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11336. [PMID: 36387464 PMCID: PMC9641209 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) is a bioactive lipid amine with a wide range of biological activities. Anti-inflammatory properties of NSE were previously confirmed on multiple animal models. However, the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of NSE remain unclear. In the current study, we examined the involvement of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the NF-kB –dependent pathway of anti-inflammatory action of NSE using different methodological approaches. Methods Molecular modeling calculated the possibility of NSE binding PPAR. Ex vivo experiment, using selective agonist of PPARα/γ - LY-171883 and antagonist of PPARγ - GW9662, examined the role of PPARα/γ in the NSE’s effect on nuclear NF-kB translocation in LPS-activated rat peritoneal macrophages. Finally, the NSE’s action on mRNA level of PPARγ-dependent genes was studied in the liver of insulin-resistant rats. Results The results of molecular docking showed that NSE could bind to PPARγ and compete for the binding site with antagonist GW9662 and agonist LY-171883. These data was supported by in vitro study where pre-treatment with NSE prevented further LPS-induced NF-kB translocation into the nuclei of rat peritoneal macrophages. NSE treatment before GW9662 and LPS addition normalized the level of NF-kB translocation and IL-1β content. This finding confirmed a competitive binding of NSE with GW9662 for the ligand-binding domain of PPARγ. Additional in vivo study showed that NSE administration changed the mRNA expression of several PPARγ target genes, including SLC27A1 encoding fatty acid transport protein-1 and IL1RN - interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in insulin resistant rats. Conclusion NSE suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages via PPARγ and changed hepatic mRNA expression of PPARγ target genes (SLC27A1, IL1RN) in insulin resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Kosiakova
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A. Berdyshev
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - V. Dosenko
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - T. Drevytska
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O. Herasymenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Corresponding author.
| | - N. Hula
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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26
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del Río C, Ruiz-Pino F, Prados ME, Fiebich BL, Tena-Sempere M, Muñoz E. Cannabidiol markedly alleviates skin and liver fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:981817. [PMID: 36339540 PMCID: PMC9627610 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.981817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been suggested as a potential therapy for inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Cannabidiol was demonstrated to reduce alcohol-induced liver inflammation and steatosis but its specific activity on the fibrotic process was not investigated. Herein, the antifibrotic effects of cannabidiol in the skin were analysed in vitro using NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and human dermal fibroblasts and in vivo using the bleomycin-induced model of skin fibrosis. In a second model, non-alcoholic liver fibrosis was induced in mice by CCl4 exposure. Cannabidiol was administered daily, intraperitoneally in mice challenged with bleomycin and orally in CCl4 mice, and skin and liver fibrosis and inflammation were assessed by immunochemistry. Cannabidiol inhibited collagen gene transcription and synthesis and prevented TGFβ-and IL-4 induced fibroblast migration. In the bleomycin model, cannabidiol prevented skin fibrosis and collagen accumulation around skin blood vessels, and in the CCl4 model cannabidiol significantly attenuated liver fibrosis measured by picrosirius red and Tenascin C staining and reduced T cell and macrophage infiltration. Altogether, our data further support the rationale of the medicinal use of this cannabinoid, as well as cannabis preparations containing it, in the management of fibrotic diseases including Systemic Sclerosis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen del Río
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba-IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba-IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba-IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
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27
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Ghodsian N, Yeandle A, Hock BD, Gieseg SP. CD36 down regulation by the macrophage antioxidant 7,8-dihydroneopterin through modulation of PPAR-γ activity. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:366-377. [PMID: 36017639 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CD36 is the key scavenger receptor driving the formation of cholesterol loaded foam cells, the principal cellular component of atherosclerotic plaques. CD36 is down regulated by 7,8-dihydroneopterin, a potent superoxide and hypochlorite scavenging antioxidant generated by interferon-γ stimulated macrophages. 7,8-dihydroneopterin down regulates CD36 mRNA and protein levels so inhibiting macrophage foam cell formation in vitro.We examined the mechanism of 7,8-dihydroneopterin down regulation of CD36 by measuring CD36 and PPAR-γ levels by western blot analysis, in the monocyte-like U937 cells with a range of PPAR-γ stimulants and inhibitors. Lipoxygenase activity was measured by monitoring linoleic acid oxidation at 234 nm for diene formation.Between 100 and 200 μM, 7,8-dihydroneopterin decreased CD36 levels by 50% within 12 hours with levels dropping below 25% by 24 hours. CD36 levels returned to basal levels after 24 hours. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide show 7,8-dihydroneopterin had no effect on CD36 degradation rates. PPAR-γ levels were not altered by the addition of 7,8-dihydroneopterin. MAP Kinase, P38 and NF-κB pathways inhibitors SP600125, PD98059, SB202190 and BAY 11-7082 respectively, did not restore the CD36 levels in the presence of 7,8-dihydroneopterin. The addition the lipophilic PPAR-γ activators rosiglitazone and azelaoyl-PAF prevented the CD36 down regulation by 7,8-dihydroneopterin. 7,8-dihydroneopterin inhibited soybean lipoxygenase and reduced U937 cell basal levels of cellular lipid oxides as measured by HPLC-TBARS analysis.The data shows 7,8-dihydroneopterin down regulates CD36 expression by decreasing the level of lipid oxide stimulation of PPAR-γ promotor activity, potentially through lipoxygenase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Ghodsian
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Yeandle
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Barry D Hock
- Haematology Research Group, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Steven P Gieseg
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Radiology, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand.,MARS Bioimaging Ltd., 29a Clyde Rd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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28
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Zhang H, Alford T, Liu S, Zhou D, Wang J. Influenza virus causes lung immunopathology through down-regulating PPARγ activity in macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958801. [PMID: 36091002 PMCID: PMC9452838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatal influenza (flu) virus infection often activates excessive inflammatory signals, leading to multi-organ failure and death, also referred to as cytokine storm. PPARγ (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) agonists are well-known candidates for cytokine storm modulation. The present study identified that influenza infection reduced PPARγ expression and decreased PPARγ transcription activity in human alveolar macrophages (AMs) from different donors. Treatment with PPARγ agonist Troglitazone ameliorated virus-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion but did not interfere with the IFN-induced antiviral pathway in human AMs. In contrast, PPARγ antagonist and knockdown of PPARγ in human AMs further enhanced virus-stimulated proinflammatory response. In a mouse model of influenza infection, flu virus dose-dependently reduced PPARγ transcriptional activity and decreased expression of PPARγ. Moreover, PPARγ agonist troglitazone significantly reduced high doses of influenza infection-induced lung pathology. In addition, flu infection reduced PPARγ expression in all mouse macrophages, including AMs, interstitial macrophages, and bone-marrow-derived macrophages but not in alveolar epithelial cells. Our results indicate that the influenza virus specifically targets the PPARγ pathway in macrophages to cause acute injury to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dongming Zhou, ; Hongbo Zhang,
| | - Taylor Alford
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Shuangquan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Southern China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Dongming Zhou, ; Hongbo Zhang,
| | - Jieru Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
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29
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Jafari A, Esmaeilzadeh Z, Khezri MR, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H, Pashapour S, Sadeghpour S, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. An overview of possible pivotal mechanisms of Genistein as a potential phytochemical against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A hypothesis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14345. [PMID: 35866873 PMCID: PMC9350103 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has been caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It is a global problem that humanity has not yet found a definitive solution for it. In this regard, a global effort has been done to find effective or potential adjuvant therapies in order to fight this infection. Genistein is a small, biologically active phytoestrogen flavonoid that is found in high amounts in soy and plants of the Fabaceae family. This important compound is known due to its anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Additionally, protective effects of genistein have been reported in different pathological conditions through modulating intracellular pathways such as PI3K, Akt, mTOR, NF‐κB, PPARγ, AMPK, and Nrf2. Scientific evidence suggests that genistein could have a potential role to treat COVID‐19 through its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant effects. Furthermore, it appears to interfere with intracellular pathways involved in viral entry into the cell. This review provides a basis for further research and development of clinical applications of genistein as a potential alternative therapy to decrease inflammation and oxidative stress in COVID‐19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zeinab Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | | | - Sarvin Pashapour
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sonia Sadeghpour
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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30
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Inhibition effect of PPAR-γ signaling on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation through down-regulation of PAK1/ NF-κB activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Attia SH, Elshazly SM, Abdelaal MM, Soliman E. Reno-protective effect of mangiferin against methotrexate-induced kidney damage in male rats: PPARγ-mediated antioxidant activity. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1252-1261. [PMID: 36249937 PMCID: PMC9561181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressant used for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. MTX has a major adverse effect, acute kidney injury, which limits its use. Mangiferin (MF) is a natural bioactive xanthonoid used as a traditional herbal supplement to boost the immune system due to its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The present study evaluates the protective effect of MF against MTX-induced kidney damage. Male Wistar rats received MTX to induce nephrotoxicity or were pretreated with MF for 10 constitutive days before MTX administration. MF dose-dependently improved renal functions of MTX-treated rats and this activity was correlated with increased renal expression of PPARγ, a well-known transcriptional regulator of the immune response. Pretreating rats with PPARγ inhibitor, BADGE, reduced the reno-protective activity of MF. Furthermore, MF treatment significantly reduced MTX-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory (NFκB, interleukin-1ß, TNF-α, and COX-2), oxidative stress (Nrf-2, hemoxygenase-1, glutathione, and malondialdehyde), and nitrosative stress (nitric oxide and iNOS) markers in the kidney. Importantly, BADGE treatment significantly reduced the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of MF. Therefore, our data suggest that the reno-protective effect of MF against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity is due to inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seba Hassan Attia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eman Soliman
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
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32
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Shao Y, Liu Y, Shen B, Zhou Q, Wei Z. Echinacoside Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Bladder Damage in Mice. J Med Food 2022; 25:722-731. [PMID: 35758826 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is featured by apoptosis and chronic inflammation in bladder tissue. We aimed to evaluate the effect of echinacoside (ECH), which is known to modulate inflammation and apoptosis on IC using relevant models. We established a mouse model of cystitis using cyclophosphamide (CYP) and treated human urothelium cells (SV-HUC-1) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + ATP as in vitro model. The bladder function was tested by urodynamics. Apoptosis of bladder cells was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Expressions of apoptosis-associated and inflammation-related proteins were assessed using western blotting. Treatment with ECH significantly improved bladder function, reduced inflammatory damage, and decreased apoptosis in the models. Furthermore, ECH decreased the phosphorylation levels of IκB and NF-κB(p65), and upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which are related to apoptosis and inflammation in CYP-induced mouse cystitis. Moreover, ECH did not reduce apoptosis of urothelial cells after treatment with PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Our findings suggest that ECH might have protective effect against IC in bladder and be mediated through modulation of the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Shao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Reproduction, The affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Baixin Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Reproduction, The affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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33
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Doi M, Morita N, Okuzawa T, Ohgiya S, Okamoto D, Sato K, Ito Y, Matsuura H, Hashidoko Y. Pinellic Acid Isolated from Quercetin-rich Onions has a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha/Gamma (PPAR-α/γ) Transactivation Activity. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:440-446. [PMID: 35038752 DOI: 10.1055/a-1345-9471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonol, is a functional compound that is abundant in onions and is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Quercetin and its glucoside are known to function as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands and showed high PPAR-α transactivation activity but little PPAR-γ transactivation activity in some reports. In this study, we demonstrated that an aqueous extract of a quercetin-rich onion cultivar increased transactivation activities not only of PPAR-α but also of PPAR-γ. We isolated (9S,12S,13S)-(10E)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acid (pinellic acid) obtained from the aqueous extract using PPAR-γ transactivation as an index. Furthermore, it was revealed that pinellic acid could transactivate PPAR-α. Our findings are the first report mentioned showing that trihydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acids showed PPAR-α/γ transactivation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Doi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Okuzawa
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoru Ohgiya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Sato
- Northern Advancement Center for Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yukiya Ito
- Northern Advancement Center for Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
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Zhang C, Lin Y, Yan CH, Zhang W. Adipokine Signaling Pathways in Osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:865370. [PMID: 35519618 PMCID: PMC9062110 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disease that affects millions of individuals. The pathogenesis of OA has not been fully elucidated. Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for OA. Multiple studies have demonstrated adipokines play a key role in obesity-induced OA. Increasing evidence show that various adipokines may significantly affect the development or clinical course of OA by regulating the pro/anti-inflammatory and anabolic/catabolic balance, matrix remodeling, chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy, and subchondral bone sclerosis. Several signaling pathways are involved but still have not been systematically investigated. In this article, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of adipokines in OA, and highlight the possible signaling pathways. The review suggested adipokines play important roles in obesity-induced OA, and exert downstream function via the activation of various signaling pathways. In addition, some pharmaceuticals targeting these pathways have been applied into ongoing clinical trials and showed encouraging results. However, these signaling pathways are complex and converge into a common network with each other. In the future work, more research is warranted to further investigate how this network works. Moreover, more high quality randomised controlled trials are needed in order to investigate the therapeutic effects of pharmaceuticals against these pathways for the treatment of OA. This review may help researchers to better understand the pathogenesis of OA, so as to provide new insight for future clinical practices and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chun Hoi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Hoi Yan, ; Wenming Zhang,
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Hoi Yan, ; Wenming Zhang,
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35
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Lin X, Meng X, Song Z, Lin J. Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor γ and psoriasis, molecular and cellular biochemistry. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1905-1920. [PMID: 35348980 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of psoriasis is complex and has not been completely elucidated. Better understanding of the pathogenesis may contribute to further improvement of our therapeutic strategies controlling psoriasis. Emerging evidence points to a causative relationship between altered activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and psoriasis. The present review focuses on deeper understanding of the possible role of PPARγ in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and the potential of PPARγ agonist to improve the treatment of psoriasis. PPARγ is decreased in psoriasis. PPARγ possibly has effects on the multiple aspects of the pathogenesis of psoriasis, including abnormal lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, keratinocytes, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, microRNAs and nuclear factor kappa B. As defective activation of PPARγ is involved in psoriasis development, PPARγ agonists may be promising agents for treatment of psoriasis. Pioglitazone appears an effective and safe option in the treatment of patients with psoriasis, but there are still concerns about its potential side effects. Research effort has recently been undertaken to explore the PPARγ-activating potential of natural products. Among them some have been studied clinically or preclinically for treatment of psoriasis with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Axia Women's Health, 450 Cresson BLVD, Oaks, PA, 19456, USA
| | - Zhiqi Song
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China
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36
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Shen W, Huang H, Xue J, Xie ML. Stevioside inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of NRK-52E cells by PPARγ activation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:287-294. [PMID: 35139741 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2039935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevioside is a natural diterpenoid compound that possesses anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and renal protective effects, but its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells, an important immune pathological mechanism of renal fibrosis, remains unknown. This study employed the renal proximal tubular cells NRK-52E to investigate the effect of stevioside. METHODS The LPS-stimulated renal NRK-52E cells were treated with 50, 100, or 200 μM stevioside in the presence or absence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist GW9662, the expression levels of intracellular E-cadherin, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), PPARγ, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), p-STAT3, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3 proteins were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS In LPS-stimulated NRK-52E cells, stevioside treatment could reverse the expressions of EMT-related E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA proteins, increase the expression of PPARγ protein, and decrease the expressions of NF-κB p65, TGF-β1, p-STAT3, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3 proteins, especially in the 200 μM stevioside-treated group. However, these beneficial effects of stevioside were attenuated or canceled by pretreatment with PPARγ antagonist GW9662. CONCLUSIONS Stevioside can inhibit the LPS-induced EMT via the reductions of NF-κB, TGF-β1, Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, and p-STAT3 protein expressions by PPARγ activation in NRK-52E cells, which may provide a pharmacological basis for the potential application of stevioside in the prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei-Lin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease: Clinical presentations, diagnostic and monitoring approaches in the era of CFTR modulator therapies. J Hepatol 2022; 76:420-434. [PMID: 34678405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population. Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD) is defined as the pathogenesis related to the underlying CFTR defect in biliary epithelial cells. CFLD needs to be distinguished from other liver manifestations that may not have any pathological significance. The clinical/histological presentation and severity of CFLD vary. The main histological presentation of CFLD is focal biliary fibrosis, which is usually asymptomatic. Portal hypertension develops in a minority of cases (about 10%) and may require specific management including liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease. Portal hypertension is usually the result of the progression of focal biliary fibrosis to multilobular cirrhosis during childhood. Nevertheless, non-cirrhotic portal hypertension as a result of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease is now identified increasingly more frequently, mainly in young adults. To evaluate the effect of new CFTR modulator therapies on the liver, the spectrum of hepatobiliary involvement must first be precisely classified. This paper discusses the phenotypic features of CFLD, its underlying physiopathology and relevant diagnostic and follow-up approaches, with a special focus on imaging.
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38
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Endothelial ACKR3 drives atherosclerosis by promoting immune cell adhesion to vascular endothelium. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:30. [PMID: 35674847 PMCID: PMC9177477 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the foundation of potentially fatal cardiovascular diseases and it is characterized by plaque formation in large arteries. Current treatments aimed at reducing atherosclerotic risk factors still allow room for a large residual risk; therefore, novel therapeutic candidates targeting inflammation are needed. The endothelium is the starting point of vascular inflammation underlying atherosclerosis and we could previously demonstrate that the chemokine axis CXCL12-CXCR4 plays an important role in disease development. However, the role of ACKR3, the alternative and higher affinity receptor for CXCL12 remained to be elucidated. We studied the role of arterial ACKR3 in atherosclerosis using western diet-fed Apoe-/- mice lacking Ackr3 in arterial endothelial as well as smooth muscle cells. We show for the first time that arterial endothelial deficiency of ACKR3 attenuates atherosclerosis as a result of diminished arterial adhesion as well as invasion of immune cells. ACKR3 silencing in inflamed human coronary artery endothelial cells decreased adhesion molecule expression, establishing an initial human validation of ACKR3's role in endothelial adhesion. Concomitantly, ACKR3 silencing downregulated key mediators in the MAPK pathway, such as ERK1/2, as well as the phosphorylation of the NF-kB p65 subunit. Endothelial cells in atherosclerotic lesions also revealed decreased phospho-NF-kB p65 expression in ACKR3-deficient mice. Lack of smooth muscle cell-specific as well as hematopoietic ACKR3 did not impact atherosclerosis in mice. Collectively, our findings indicate that arterial endothelial ACKR3 fuels atherosclerosis by mediating endothelium-immune cell adhesion, most likely through inflammatory MAPK and NF-kB pathways.
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39
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Wang Y, Li N, Wang Y, Zheng G, An J, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu Q. NF-κB/p65 Competes With Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma for Transient Receptor Potential Channel 6 in Hypoxia-Induced Human Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:656625. [PMID: 34950652 PMCID: PMC8688744 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.656625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has an anti-proliferation effect on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) via the transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) and protects against pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), whereas nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has pro-proliferation and pro-inflammation effects, which contributes to PAH. However, the association between them in PAH pathology remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate this association and the mechanisms underlying TRPC1/6 signaling-mediated PAH. Methods: Human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) were transfected with p65 overexpressing (pcDNA-p65) and interfering plasmids (shp65) and incubated in normal and hypoxic conditions (4% O2 and 72 h). The effects of hypoxia and p65 expression on cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, [Ca2+]i, PPARγ, and TRPC1/6 expression were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, Annexin V/PI, Fura-2/AM, and western blotting, respectively. In addition, the binding of p65 or PPARγ proteins to the TRPC6 promoter was validated using a dual-luciferase report assay, chromatin-immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR), and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results: Hypoxia inhibited hPASMC apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, it increased [Ca2+]i and the expression of TRPC1/6, p65, and Bcl-2 proteins. Moreover, pcDNA-p65 had similar effects on hypoxia treatment by increasing TRPC1/6 expression, [Ca2+]i, hPASMC proliferation, and invasion. The dual-luciferase report and ChIP-PCR assays revealed three p65 binding sites and two PPARγ binding sites on the promoter region of TRPC6. In addition, hypoxia treatment and shPPARγ promoted the binding of p65 to the TRPC6 promoter, whereas shp65 promoted the binding of PPARγ to the TRPC6 promoter. Conclusion: Competitive binding of NF-κB p65 and PPARγ to TRPC6 produced an anti-PAH effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naijian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingfeng Wang,
| | - Guobing Zheng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Academic Research Office, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Scientific Research Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qicai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Tate T, Xiang T, Wobker SE, Zhou M, Chen X, Kim H, Batourina E, Lin CS, Kim WY, Lu C, Mckiernan JM, Mendelsohn CL. Pparg signaling controls bladder cancer subtype and immune exclusion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6160. [PMID: 34697317 PMCID: PMC8545976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pparg, a nuclear receptor, is downregulated in basal subtype bladder cancers that tend to be muscle invasive and amplified in luminal subtype bladder cancers that tend to be non-muscle invasive. Bladder cancers derive from the urothelium, one of the most quiescent epithelia in the body, which is composed of basal, intermediate, and superficial cells. We find that expression of an activated form of Pparg (VP16;Pparg) in basal progenitors induces formation of superficial cells in situ, that exit the cell cycle, and do not form tumors. Expression in basal progenitors that have been activated by mild injury however, results in luminal tumor formation. We find that these tumors are immune deserted, which may be linked to down-regulation of Nf-kb, a Pparg target. Interestingly, some luminal tumors begin to shift to basal subtype tumors with time, down-regulating Pparg and other luminal markers. Our findings have important implications for treatment and diagnosis of bladder cancer. PPARg is differentially expressed in bladder cancer subtypes. Here, the authors show in mice that when an activated form of PPARg is expressed in basal bladder cells tumours do not form, however in the presence of injury the basal cells differentiate into luminal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Tate
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tina Xiang
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sarah E Wobker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ekatherina Batourina
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Transgenic Mouse Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - James M Mckiernan
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Cathy Lee Mendelsohn
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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41
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Meredith LR, Burnette EM, Grodin EN, Irwin MR, Ray LA. Immune treatments for alcohol use disorder: A translational framework. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:349-364. [PMID: 34343618 PMCID: PMC9044974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While the immune system is essential for survival, an excessive or prolonged inflammatory response, such as that resulting from sustained heavy alcohol use, can damage the host and contribute to psychiatric disorders. A growing body of literature indicates that the immune system plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). As such, there is enthusiasm for treatments that can restore healthy levels of inflammation as a mechanism to reduce drinking and promote recovery. In this qualitative literature review, we provide a conceptual rationale for immune therapies and discuss progress in medications development for AUD focused on the immune system as a treatment target. This review is organized into sections based on primary signaling pathways targeted by the candidate therapies, namely: (a) toll-like receptors, (b) phosphodiesterase inhibitors, (c) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, (d) microglia and astrocytes, (e) other immune pharmacotherapies, and (f) behavioral therapies. As relevant within each section, we examine the basic biological mechanisms of each class of therapy and evaluate preclinical research testing the role of the therapy on mitigating alcohol-related behaviors in animal models. To the extent available, translational findings are reviewed with discussion of completed and ongoing randomized clinical trials and their findings to date. An applied and clinically focused approach is taken to identify the potential clinical applications of the various treatments reviewed. We conclude by delineating the most promising candidate treatments and discussing future directions by considering opportunities for immune treatment development and personalized medicine for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Burnette
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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42
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ABCC7/CFTR Expression Is Associated with the Clinical Course of Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:5536563. [PMID: 34512749 PMCID: PMC8426104 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5536563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) of unknown etiology. The expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family proteins has been associated with drug resistance and development of UC. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or also known as ABCC7 is involved in the inflammatory chronic response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ABCC7/CFTR in UC patients and normal controls without inflammation. This is an exploratory, observational, and cross-sectional study that included a total of 62 patients with UC and normal controls. Gene expression of CFTR was measured by RT-PCR, and protein expression of CFTR was determined by western blot analysis. We found a significant downregulation of the CFTR gene expression in patients with active UC compared to normal controls without inflammation (P < 0.004); even the gene expression of CFTR was decreased in remission UC patients compared to normal controls without inflammation (P = 0.04). The CFTR gene expression was associated with the clinical course of UC and the protein expression of CFTR was decreased in active UC patients compared to normal controls without inflammation suggesting that this molecule might play a role in the inflammation in UC patients.
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43
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Park JS, Ma H, Roh YS. Ubiquitin pathways regulate the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114764. [PMID: 34529948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is considered the leading cause of global mortality. In westernized countries, increased consumption of alcohol and overeating foods with high fat/ high glucose promote progression of CLD such as alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). Accumulating evidence and research suggest that ubiquitin, a 75 amino acid protein, plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of CLD through dynamic post-translational modifications (PTMs) exerting diverse cellular outcomes such as protein degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy, and regulation of signal transduction. In this review, we present the function of ubiquitination and latest findings on diverse mechanism of PTMs, UPS and autophagy which significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and HCC. Despite its high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, there are only few FDA approved drugs that could be administered to CLD patients. The goal of this review is to present a variety of pathways and therapeutic targets involving ubiquitination in the pathogenesis of CLD. Further, this review summarizes collective views of pharmaceutical inhibition or activation of recent drugs targeting UPS and autophagy system to highlight potential targets and new approaches to treat CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Hwan Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea.
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Song JW, Nam HS, Ahn JW, Park HS, Kang DO, Kim HJ, Kim YH, Han J, Choi JY, Lee SY, Kim S, Oh WY, Yoo H, Park K, Kim JW. Macrophage targeted theranostic strategy for accurate detection and rapid stabilization of the inflamed high-risk plaque. Theranostics 2021; 11:8874-8893. [PMID: 34522216 PMCID: PMC8419038 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndrome. Detecting plaques with high inflammatory activity and specifically treating those lesions can be crucial to prevent life-threatening cardiovascular events. Methods: Here, we developed a macrophage mannose receptor (MMR)-targeted theranostic nanodrug (mannose-polyethylene glycol-glycol chitosan-deoxycholic acid-cyanine 7-lobeglitazone; MMR-Lobe-Cy) designed to identify inflammatory activity as well as to deliver peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARγ) agonist, lobeglitazone, specifically to high-risk plaques based on the high mannose receptor specificity. The MMR-Lobe-Cy was intravenously injected into balloon-injured atheromatous rabbits and serial in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT)-near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) structural-molecular imaging was performed. Results: One week after MMR-Lobe-Cy administration, the inflammatory NIRF signals in the plaques notably decreased compared to the baseline whereas the signals in saline controls even increased over time. In accordance with in vivo imaging findings, ex vivo NIRF signals on fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) and plaque inflammation by immunostainings significantly decreased compared to oral lobeglitazone group or saline controls. The anti-inflammatory effect of MMR-Lobe-Cy was mediated by inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, acute resolution of inflammation altered the inflamed plaque into a stable phenotype with less macrophages and collagen-rich matrix. Conclusion: Macrophage targeted PPARγ activator labeled with NIRF rapidly stabilized the inflamed plaques in coronary sized artery, which could be quantitatively assessed using intravascular OCT-NIRF imaging. This novel theranostic approach provides a promising theranostic strategy for high-risk coronary plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Woo Song
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Soo Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Won Ahn
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Oh Kang
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeongmoo Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jah Yeon Choi
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yul Lee
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunwon Kim
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wang-Yuhl Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Salama SA, Elshafey MM. Galangin mitigates iron overload-triggered liver injury: Up-regulation of PPARγ and Nrf2 signaling, and abrogation of the inflammatory responses. Life Sci 2021; 283:119856. [PMID: 34329667 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatotoxicity is a critical consequence of the iron overload conditions such as hemochromatosis and blood transfusion-requiring anemia. Iron induces hepatotoxicity largely through disruption of cellular redox homeostasis and induction of inflammatory responses. The present work explored the hepatoprotective activity of the bio-active flavone galangin against iron-evoked hepatotoxicity. MAIN METHODS Iron overload model was established in male Wistar rats via intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg iron-dextran subdivided over a ten-day experimental period. Galangin was administered in a daily oral dose of 15 mg/kg throughout the experimental period. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected on day eleven and subjected to biochemical and molecular investigations. KEY FINDINGS Galangin significantly reduced liver iron content and serum ferritin level, and alleviated the iron-evoked oxidative stress. It enhanced the liver cell integrity as reflected by decreased serum activity of the liver enzymes. Mechanistically, galangin up-regulated the redox-regulating transcription factor Nrf2 and its responsive proteins HO-1 and NQO1. Interestingly, galangin up-regulated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protein PPARγ and serum hepcidin levels under the iron overload conditions. Equally important, it diminished the nuclear shift of the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB p65 and down-regulated the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study highlight the mitigating activity of galangin against iron-induced hepatotoxicity. The study accentuated targeting of Nrf2, PPARγ, and NF-κB signaling as potential contributing mechanisms. While clinical studies are still required, the current study supports the possible implementation of galangin in controlling iron overload-associated hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Salama
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mostafa M Elshafey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
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Mannan A, Garg N, Singh TG, Kang HK. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPAR-ɣ): Molecular Effects and Its Importance as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2800-2831. [PMID: 34282491 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury is a leading cause of death and long-term disability throughout the world. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ɣ) is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that is a member of the PPAR family. PPAR-ɣ has been shown in several in vitro and in vivo models to prevent post-ischemic inflammation and neuronal damage by negatively controlling the expression of genes modulated by cerebral ischemic injury, indicating a neuroprotective effect during cerebral ischemic injury. A extensive literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature of the extensive work done on the mechanistic role of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and its modulation in Cerebral ischemic injury. PPAR-ɣ can interact with specific DNA response elements to control gene transcription and expression when triggered by its ligand. It regulates lipid metabolism, improves insulin sensitivity, modulates antitumor mechanisms, reduces oxidative stress, and inhibits inflammation. This review article provides insights on the current state of research into the neuroprotective effects of PPAR-ɣ in cerebral ischemic injury, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these effects are modulated, such as inhibition of inflammation, reduction of oxidative stress, suppression of pro-apoptotic production, modulation of transcription factors, and restoration of injured tissue through neurogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Harmeet Kaur Kang
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Cannabidiol prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior and alters cytokine and neurotrophic factor levels in the brain. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1680-1693. [PMID: 34218397 PMCID: PMC8254454 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of people worldwide. While the exact pathogenesis is yet to be elucidated, the role of neuro-immune signaling has recently emerged. Despite major advances in pharmacotherapy, antidepressant use is marred by limited efficacy and potential side effects. Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid, exerts antidepressant-like effects in experimental animals. This study investigated the impact of CBD on sickness behavior (SB), a measure of depressive-like response, and neuro-immune changes induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in mice. Methods Socially isolated rodents were administered with LPS to trigger SB. and treated with CBD or its vehicle. Animals were submitted to forced swimming test, to evaluate depressive-like behavior, and to open field test, to evaluate locomotory activity. Immediately after behavioral analyses, animals were euthanized and had their hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus dissected, to proceed neurotrophins and cytokines analyses. ELISA was used to detect IL-1β, BDNF and NGF; and cytometric beads array to measure IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 levels. Results CBD effectively prevented SB-induced changes in the forced swim test without altering spontaneous locomotion. This phytocannabinoid also partially reversed LPS-evoked IL-6 increase in both the hypothalamus and hippocampus. In addition, CBD prevented endotoxin-induced increase in BDNF and NGF levels in the hippocampus of SB animals. Conclusions Apparently, CBD prevents both behavioral and neuro-immunological changes associated with LPS-induced SB, which reinforces its potential use as an antidepressant which modulates neuroinflammation. This opens up potentially new therapeutic avenues in MDD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-021-00301-8.
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The Effect of Dietary Supplements on Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Network Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072284. [PMID: 34209454 PMCID: PMC8308478 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exacerbates the oxidative stress status of the pregnant women. Τo improve the oxidative stress status, several therapeutic interventions have been suggested. The aim of this network meta-analysis is to assess the effect of different dietary supplements on the oxidative stress status in pregnant women with GDM. METHODS A network meta-analysis of randomized control trials was performed comparing the changes delta (Δ) in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) as primary outcomes, following different therapeutic interventions with dietary supplements in pregnant women with GDM. Four electronic databases and grey literature sources were searched. The secondary outcomes were other markers of oxidative stress. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 16 studies of 1173 women with GDM. Regarding ΔTAC: probiotics and omega-3 with vitamin E were superior to placebo/no intervention. Regarding ΔMDA: vitamin D with calcium, omega-3, vitamin D, omega-3 with vitamin E, magnesium with zinc and calcium, and probiotics were superior to placebo/no intervention. CONCLUSIONS Administration of dietary supplements in women with GDM can be helpful in limiting the oxidative stress which develop in these pregnancies.
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Kovács Z, Brunner B, Ari C. Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Ketogenic Supplements on Aging Processes and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072197. [PMID: 34206738 PMCID: PMC8308443 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy of humans has increased continuously up to the present days, but their health status (healthspan) was not enhanced by similar extent. To decrease enormous medical, economical and psychological burden that arise from this discrepancy, improvement of healthspan is needed that leads to delaying both aging processes and development of age-related diseases, thereby extending lifespan. Thus, development of new therapeutic tools to alleviate aging processes and related diseases and to increase life expectancy is a topic of increasing interest. It is widely accepted that ketosis (increased blood ketone body levels, e.g., β-hydroxybutyrate) can generate neuroprotective effects. Ketosis-evoked neuroprotective effects may lead to improvement in health status and delay both aging and the development of related diseases through improving mitochondrial function, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, histone and non-histone acetylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation of histones, modulation of neurotransmitter systems and RNA functions. Administration of exogenous ketogenic supplements was proven to be an effective method to induce and maintain a healthy state of nutritional ketosis. Consequently, exogenous ketogenic supplements, such as ketone salts and ketone esters, may mitigate aging processes, delay the onset of age-associated diseases and extend lifespan through ketosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the main hallmarks of aging processes and certain signaling pathways in association with (putative) beneficial influences of exogenous ketogenic supplements-evoked ketosis on lifespan, aging processes, the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), as well as impaired learning and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kovács
- Department of Biology, Savaria University Centre, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; (Z.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigitta Brunner
- Department of Biology, Savaria University Centre, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; (Z.K.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csilla Ari
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, PCD 3127, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Ketone Technologies LLC, 2780 E. Fowler Ave. #226, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(813)-2409925
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Proskurnina EV, Mikheev IV, Savinova EA, Ershova ES, Veiko NN, Kameneva LV, Dolgikh OA, Rodionov IV, Proskurnin MA, Kostyuk SV. Effects of Aqueous Dispersions of C 60, C 70 and Gd@C 82 Fullerenes on Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116130. [PMID: 34200169 PMCID: PMC8201376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fullerenes and metallofullerenes can be considered promising nanopharmaceuticals themselves and as a basis for chemical modification. As reactive oxygen species homeostasis plays a vital role in cells, the study of their effect on genes involved in oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory responses are of particular importance. Methods: Human fetal lung fibroblasts were incubated with aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 in concentrations of 5 nM and 1.5 µM for 1, 3, 24, and 72 h. Cell viability, intracellular ROS, NOX4, NFκB, PRAR-γ, NRF2, heme oxygenase 1, and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 expression have been studied. Results & conclusion: The aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 fullerenes are active participants in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Low and high concentrations of aqueous fullerene dispersions (AFD) have similar effects. C70 was the most inert substance, C60 was the most active substance. All AFDs have both “prooxidant” and “antioxidant” effects but with a different balance. Gd@C82 was a substance with more pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while C70 had more pronounced “prooxidant” properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Proskurnina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan V. Mikheev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Savinova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Elizaveta S. Ershova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
- Department of Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 11-5 Mokhovaya St, 125007 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia N. Veiko
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Larisa V. Kameneva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Olga A. Dolgikh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Ivan V. Rodionov
- Department of Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 11-5 Mokhovaya St, 125007 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mikhail A. Proskurnin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Svetlana V. Kostyuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
- Department of Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 11-5 Mokhovaya St, 125007 Moscow, Russia;
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