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Fuster-Martínez I, Calatayud S. The current landscape of antifibrotic therapy across different organs: A systematic approach. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107245. [PMID: 38821150 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological process that can affect virtually all the organs, but there are hardly any effective therapeutic options. This has led to an intense search for antifibrotic therapies over the last decades, with a great number of clinical assays currently underway. We have systematically reviewed all current and recently finished clinical trials involved in the development of new antifibrotic drugs, and the preclinical studies analyzing the relevance of each of these pharmacological strategies in fibrotic processes affecting tissues beyond those being clinically studied. We analyze and discuss this information with the aim of determining the most promising options and the feasibility of extending their therapeutic value as antifibrotic agents to other fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fuster-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain; FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana), Valencia 46020, Spain.
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Spain.
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2
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Kumagai M, Tsuchiya A, Yang Y, Takeda N, Natsui K, Natusi Y, Tomiyoshi K, Yamazaki F, Koseki Y, Shinchi H, Imawaka N, Ukekawa R, Nishibu T, Abe H, Sasaki T, Ueda K, Terai S. Fibulin-4 as a potential extracellular vesicle marker of fibrosis in patients with cirrhosis. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 38853023 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury leads to decreased liver function and increased fibrosis. Fibrosis is not only associated with the development of portal hypertension and carcinogenesis, but with the occurrence of events and a poor prognosis, highlighting the importance of non-invasive fibrosis assessment in patients. In the present study, we searched for markers related to liver fibrosis via proteomic analysis of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). In the discovery cohort, proteomic analysis was carried out in the sEVs extracted from the sera of 5 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, 5 patients with compensated cirrhosis, and 5 controls without liver disease. Interestingly, in this cohort, fibulin-4 was significantly associated with cirrhosis while in the validation cohort [formed by 191 patients: 7 patients without disease, 16 patients without liver disease (other diseases), 38 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), 75 patients with cirrhosis of Child-Pugh class A (36 without hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], 29 with HCC), and 65 patients with cirrhosis of Child-Pugh class B-C (39 without HCC, 26 with HCC)], fibulin-4/CD9 levels increased with cirrhosis progression. Furthermore, the fibulin-4/CD9 ratio was significantly higher in patients with varices. Immunostaining also revealed strong fibulin-4 expression in cholangiocytes within the fibrous areas and mesothelial cells in liver tissue blood vessels. Taken together, our results suggest that fibulin-4, essential for lysyl oxidase activation, might be a new liver fibrosis marker found in the sEVs of patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kumagai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
- Future Medical Research Center for Exosome and Designer Cells (F-DEC), Niigata University, Japan
| | - Yuan Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Nobutaka Takeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Kazuki Natsui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Yui Natusi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Kei Tomiyoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Fusako Yamazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Yohei Koseki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shinchi
- Project for Realization of Personalized Cancer Medicine, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Imawaka
- Biotechnology Center, R&D Marketing Operations, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Amagasaki-shi, Japan
| | - Ryo Ukekawa
- Biotechnology Center, R&D Marketing Operations, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Amagasaki-shi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishibu
- Biotechnology Center, R&D Marketing Operations, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Amagasaki-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Project for Realization of Personalized Cancer Medicine, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
- Future Medical Research Center for Exosome and Designer Cells (F-DEC), Niigata University, Japan
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3
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Serra-Bardenys G, Blanco E, Escudero-Iriarte C, Serra-Camprubí Q, Querol J, Pascual-Reguant L, Morancho B, Escorihuela M, Tissera NS, Sabé A, Martín L, Segura-Bayona S, Verde G, Aiese Cigliano R, Millanes-Romero A, Jerónimo C, Cebrià-Costa JP, Nuciforo P, Simonetti S, Viaplana C, Dienstmann R, Oliveira M, Peg V, Stracker TH, Arribas J, Canals F, Villanueva J, Di Croce L, García de Herreros A, Tian TV, Peiró S. LOXL2-mediated chromatin compaction is required to maintain the oncogenic properties of triple-negative breast cancer cells. FEBS J 2024; 291:2423-2448. [PMID: 38451841 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Oxidation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4ox) is catalyzed by lysyl oxidase homolog 2 (LOXL2). This histone modification is enriched in heterochromatin in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and has been linked to the maintenance of compacted chromatin. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this maintenance is still unknown. Here, we show that LOXL2 interacts with RuvB-Like 1 (RUVBL1), RuvB-Like 2 (RUVBL2), Actin-like protein 6A (ACTL6A), and DNA methyltransferase 1associated protein 1 (DMAP1), a complex involved in the incorporation of the histone variant H2A.Z. Our experiments indicate that this interaction and the active form of RUVBL2 are required to maintain LOXL2-dependent chromatin compaction. Genome-wide experiments showed that H2A.Z, RUVBL2, and H3K4ox colocalize in heterochromatin regions. In the absence of LOXL2 or RUVBL2, global levels of the heterochromatin histone mark H3K9me3 were strongly reduced, and the ATAC-seq signal in the H3K9me3 regions was increased. Finally, we observed that the interplay between these series of events is required to maintain H3K4ox-enriched heterochromatin regions, which in turn is key for maintaining the oncogenic properties of the TNBC cell line tested (MDA-MB-231).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Serra-Bardenys
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Bonanova FP Sanitaria, Consorci Mar Parc de Salut de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | | | | | - Jessica Querol
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pascual-Reguant
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Anna Sabé
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luna Martín
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gaetano Verde
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alba Millanes-Romero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Celia Jerónimo
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Paolo Nuciforo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Simonetti
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Mafalda Oliveira
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Peg
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Travis H Stracker
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Canals
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tian V Tian
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Peiró
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Wang Y, Pei P, Yang K, Guo L, Li Y. Copper in colorectal cancer: From copper-related mechanisms to clinical cancer therapies. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1724. [PMID: 38804588 PMCID: PMC11131360 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper, a trace element and vital cofactor, plays a crucial role in the maintenance of biological functions. Recent evidence has established significant correlations between copper levels, cancer development and metastasis. The strong redox-active properties of copper offer both benefits and disadvantages to cancer cells. The intestinal tract, which is primarily responsible for copper uptake and regulation, may suffer from an imbalance in copper homeostasis. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent primary cancer of the intestinal tract and is an aggressive malignant disease with limited therapeutic options. Current research is primarily focused on the relationship between copper and CRC. Innovative concepts, such as cuproplasia and cuproptosis, are being explored to understand copper-related cellular proliferation and death. Cuproplasia is the regulation of cell proliferation that is mediated by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic copper-modulated activities. Whereas, cuproptosis refers to cell death induced by excess copper via promoting the abnormal oligomerisation of lipoylated proteins within the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as by diminishing the levels of iron-sulphur cluster proteins. A comprehensive understanding of copper-related cellular proliferation and death mechanisms offers new avenues for CRC treatment. In this review, we summarise the evolving molecular mechanisms, ranging from abnormal intracellular copper concentrations to the copper-related proteins that are being discovered, and discuss the role of copper in the pathogenesis, progression and potential therapies for CRC. Understanding the relationship between copper and CRC will help provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation for innovative treatment strategies in CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wang
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Pei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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5
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Yang F, Yu X, Chu Y, Zhou J, Yan Y, Xi J. MiR-4465-modified mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles inhibit liver fibrosis development via targeting LOXL2 expression. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38772738 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a significant health burden, marked by the consistent deposition of collagen. Unfortunately, the currently available treatment approaches for this condition are far from optimal. Lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 (LOXL2) secreted by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a crucial player in the cross-linking of matrix collagen and is a significant target for treating liver fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have been proposed as a potential treatment option for chronic liver disorders. Previous studies have found that MSC-sEV can be used for microRNA delivery into target cells or tissues. It is currently unclear whether microRNA-4465 (miR-4465) can target LOXL2 and inhibit HSC activation. Additionally, it is uncertain whether MSC-sEV can be utilized as a gene therapy vector to carry miR-4465 and effectively inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis. This study explored the effect of miR-4465-modified MSC-sEV (MSC-sEVmiR-4465) on LOXL2 expression and liver fibrosis development. The results showed that miR-4465 can bind specifically to the promoter of the LOXL2 gene in HSC. Moreover, MSC-sEVmiR-4465 inhibited HSC activation and collagen expression by downregulating LOXL2 expression in vitro. MSC-sEVmiR-4465 injection could reduce HSC activation and collagen deposition in the CCl4-induced mouse model. MSC-sEVmiR-4465 mediating via LOXL2 also hindered the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. In conclusion, we found that MSC-sEV can deliver miR-4465 into HSC to alleviate liver fibrosis via altering LOXL2, which might provide a promising therapeutic strategy for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fuji Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213017, China
| | - Ying Chu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213017, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213017, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, China. ,
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213017, China. ,
| | - Jianbo Xi
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213017, China.
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Chida T, Ohta K, Noritake H, Matsushita M, Murohisa G, Kageyama F, Sasada Y, Oyaizu T, Tsugiki M, Tamakoshi K, Nakajima T, Suda T, Kawata K. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 as a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus after sustained virological response. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10864. [PMID: 38740815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) mediates the crosslinking of extracellular collagen, reflecting qualitative changes in liver fibrosis. This study aimed to validate the utility of serum LOXL2 levels as a predictive biomarker for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR). This retrospective study included 137 patients with chronic HCV infection without history of HCC development and who achieved SVR via direct-acting antiviral therapy. Median LOXL2 levels decreased significantly after SVR achievement (pre-Tx, 2.33 ng/mL; post-Tx, 1.31 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Post-Tx LOXL2 levels, fibrosis-4 index, platelet counts, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive human Mac-2 binding protein levels, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were identified as independent predictive factors for post-SVR HCC development in the univariate analysis. The incidence of post-SVR HCC development was significantly higher in patients with post-Tx LOXL2 levels ≥ 2.08 ng/mL and AFP levels ≥ 5.0 ng/mL than in patients with elevated levels of either marker or with lower marker levels. Serum LOXL2 levels can serve as a predictive biomarker for HCC development after achieving SVR. The combination of serum LOXL2 and AFP levels provides robust risk stratification for HCC development after SVR, suggesting an enhanced surveillance strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Chida
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
- Department of Regional Medical Care Support, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Ohta
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsushita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shimada General Medical Center, 1200-5 Noda, Shimada, Shizuoka, 427-8502, Japan
| | - Gou Murohisa
- Department of Hepatology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Fujito Kageyama
- Department of Hepatology, Hamamatsu Medical Center, 328 Tomitsuka-Cho, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8580, Japan
| | - Yuzo Sasada
- Department of Hepatology, Iwata City Hospital, 512-3 Ookubo, Iwata, Shizuoka, 438-8550, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Oyaizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, 10-93 Otemachi, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 420-8630, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsugiki
- Minoru Medical Clinic, 1784-1 Mishima-Cho, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 430-0853, Japan
| | | | - Takeyuki Nakajima
- Elm Medical Clinic, 5-17-22 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3125, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
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7
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Jalil SMA, Henry JC, Cameron AJM. Targets in the Tumour Matrisome to Promote Cancer Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1847. [PMID: 38791926 PMCID: PMC11119821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of complex fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans, and macromolecules, generated by stromal, immune, and cancer cells. The components and organisation of the matrix evolves as tumours progress to invasive disease and metastasis. In many solid tumours, dense fibrotic ECM has been hypothesised to impede therapy response by limiting drug and immune cell access. Interventions to target individual components of the ECM, collectively termed the matrisome, have, however, revealed complex tumour-suppressor, tumour-promoter, and immune-modulatory functions, which have complicated clinical translation. The degree to which distinct components of the matrisome can dictate tumour phenotypes and response to therapy is the subject of intense study. A primary aim is to identify therapeutic opportunities within the matrisome, which might support a better response to existing therapies. Many matrix signatures have been developed which can predict prognosis, immune cell content, and immunotherapy responses. In this review, we will examine key components of the matrisome which have been associated with advanced tumours and therapy resistance. We have primarily focussed here on targeting matrisome components, rather than specific cell types, although several examples are described where cells of origin can dramatically affect tumour roles for matrix components. As we unravel the complex biochemical, biophysical, and intracellular transduction mechanisms associated with the ECM, numerous therapeutic opportunities will be identified to modify tumour progression and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angus J. M. Cameron
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (S.M.A.J.); (J.C.H.)
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Qi L, Duan B, Wang H, Liu Y, Han H, Han M, Xing L, Jiang H, Pandol SJ, Li L. Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Nanoparticles Toward Extracellular Matrix Normalization for Pancreatic Fibrosis Regression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401254. [PMID: 38483920 PMCID: PMC11109658 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis (PF) is primarily characterized by aberrant production and degradation modes of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, resulting from the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and the pathological cross-linking of ECM mediated by lysyl oxidase (LOX) family members. The excessively deposited ECM increases matrix stiffness, and the over-accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces oxidative stress, which further stimulates the continuous activation of PSCs and advancing PF; challenging the strategy toward normalizing ECM homeostasis for the regression of PF. Herein, ROS-responsive and Vitamin A (VA) decorated micelles (named LR-SSVA) to reverse the imbalanced ECM homeostasis for ameliorating PF are designed and synthesized. Specifically, LR-SSVA selectively targets PSCs via VA, thereby effectively delivering siLOXL1 and resveratrol (RES) into the pancreas. The ROS-responsive released RES inhibits the overproduction of ECM by eliminating ROS and inactivating PSCs, meanwhile, the decreased expression of LOXL1 ameliorates the cross-linked collagen for easier degradation by collagenase which jointly normalizes ECM homeostasis and alleviates PF. This research shows that LR-SSVA is a safe and efficient ROS-response and PSC-targeted drug-delivery system for ECM normalization, which will propose an innovative and ideal platform for the reversal of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qi
- Department of EndocrinologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Bo‐Wen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Yan‐Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Han Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Meng‐Meng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of BiopharmaceuticalsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Hu‐Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmaceuticsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of BiopharmaceuticalsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA90048USA
- Basic and Translational Pancreatic ResearchCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA90048USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of EndocrinologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
- Institute of Glucose and Lipid MetabolismSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
- Department of Clinical Science and ResearchZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
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9
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Lewinska M, Zhuravleva E, Satriano L, Martinez MB, Bhatt DK, Oliveira DVNP, Antoku Y, Keggenhoff FL, Castven D, Marquardt JU, Matter MS, Erler JT, Oliveira RC, Aldana BI, Al-Abdulla R, Perugorria MJ, Calvisi DF, Perez LA, Rodrigues PM, Labiano I, Banales JM, Andersen JB. Fibroblast-Derived Lysyl Oxidase Increases Oxidative Phosphorylation and Stemness in Cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:886-901.e7. [PMID: 38096955 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.11.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic and transcriptional programs respond to extracellular matrix-derived cues in complex environments, such as the tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate how lysyl oxidase (LOX), a known factor in collagen crosslinking, contributes to the development and progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). METHODS Transcriptomes of 209 human CCA tumors, 143 surrounding tissues, and single-cell data from 30 patients were analyzed. The recombinant protein and a small molecule inhibitor of the LOX activity were used on primary patient-derived CCA cultures to establish the role of LOX in migration, proliferation, colony formation, metabolic fitness, and the LOX interactome. The oncogenic role of LOX was further investigated by RNAscope and in vivo using the AKT/NICD genetically engineered murine CCA model. RESULTS We traced LOX expression to hepatic stellate cells and specifically hepatic stellate cell-derived inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts and found that cancer-associated fibroblast-driven LOX increases oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic fitness of CCA, and regulates mitochondrial function through transcription factor A, mitochondrial. Inhibiting LOX activity in vivo impedes CCA development and progression. Our work highlights that LOX alters tumor microenvironment-directed transcriptional reprogramming of CCA cells by facilitating the expression of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and by increasing stemness and mobility. CONCLUSIONS Increased LOX is driven by stromal inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts and correlates with diminished survival of patients with CCA. Modulating the LOX activity can serve as a novel tumor microenvironment-directed therapeutic strategy in bile duct pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lewinska
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ekaterina Zhuravleva
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Letizia Satriano
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta B Martinez
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Deepak K Bhatt
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Douglas V N P Oliveira
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yasuko Antoku
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Friederike L Keggenhoff
- Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Medizinische Klinik I, Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Darko Castven
- Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Medizinische Klinik I, Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Medizinische Klinik I, Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Matthias S Matter
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janine T Erler
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rui C Oliveira
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruba Al-Abdulla
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Pathology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luis Arnes Perez
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ibone Labiano
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ballester-Servera C, Alonso J, Cañes L, Vázquez-Sufuentes P, García-Redondo AB, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J. Lysyl Oxidase in Ectopic Cardiovascular Calcification: Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:523. [PMID: 38790628 PMCID: PMC11118817 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX)-mediated extracellular matrix crosslinking modulates calcification in atherosclerosis and aortic valve disease; however, this enzyme also induces oxidative stress. We addressed the contribution of LOX-dependent oxidative stress to cardiovascular calcification. LOX is upregulated in human-calcified atherosclerotic lesions and atheromas from atherosclerosis-challenged LOX transgenic mice (TgLOXVSMC) and colocalized with a marker of oxidative stress (8-oxo-deoxyguanosine) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Similarly, in calcific aortic valves, high LOX expression was detected in valvular interstitial cells (VICs) positive for 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine, while LOX and LOXL2 expression correlated with osteogenic markers (SPP1 and RUNX2) and NOX2. In human VICs, mito-TEMPO and TEMPOL attenuated the increase in superoxide anion levels and the mineralization induced by osteogenic media (OM). Likewise, in OM-exposed VICs, β-aminopropionitrile (a LOX inhibitor) ameliorated both oxidative stress and calcification. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches in VICs demonstrated that while LOX silencing negatively modulates oxidative stress and calcification induced by OM, lentiviral LOX overexpression exacerbated oxidative stress and VIC calcification, effects that were prevented by mito-TEMPO, TEMPOL, and β-aminopropionitrile. Our data indicate that LOX-induced oxidative stress participates in the procalcifying effects of LOX activity in ectopic cardiovascular calcification, and highlight the multifaceted role played by LOX isoenzymes in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Ballester-Servera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.-S.); (J.A.); (P.V.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.-S.); (J.A.); (P.V.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Cañes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.-S.); (J.A.); (P.V.-S.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Vázquez-Sufuentes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.-S.); (J.A.); (P.V.-S.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana B. García-Redondo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.-S.); (J.A.); (P.V.-S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Lv D, Fei Y, Chen H, Wang J, Han W, Cui B, Feng Y, Zhang P, Chen J. Crosstalk between T lymphocyte and extracellular matrix in tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340702. [PMID: 38690275 PMCID: PMC11058664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex three-dimensional structure composed of proteins, glycans, and proteoglycans, constituting a critical component of the tumor microenvironment. Complex interactions among immune cells, extracellular matrix, and tumor cells promote tumor development and metastasis, consequently influencing therapeutic efficacy. Hence, elucidating these interaction mechanisms is pivotal for precision cancer therapy. T lymphocytes are an important component of the immune system, exerting direct anti-tumor effects by attacking tumor cells or releasing lymphokines to enhance immune effects. The ECM significantly influences T cells function and infiltration within the tumor microenvironment, thereby impacting the behavior and biological characteristics of tumor cells. T cells are involved in regulating the synthesis, degradation, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix through the secretion of cytokines and enzymes. As a result, it affects the proliferation and invasive ability of tumor cells as well as the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying T lymphocyte-ECM interactions in the tumor immune microenvironment and their potential application in immunotherapy. It provides novel insights for the development of innovative tumor therapeutic strategies and drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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12
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Wang L, Jiang W, Zhao S, Xie D, Chen Q, Zhao Q, Wu H, Luo J, Yang L. Sorafenib inhibits ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament by blocking LOXL2-mediated vascularization. Bone Res 2024; 12:24. [PMID: 38594260 PMCID: PMC11004159 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL) is a degenerative hyperostosis disease characterized by the transformation of the soft and elastic vertebral ligament into bone, resulting in limited spinal mobility and nerve compression. Employing both bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, we elucidate the molecular characteristics, cellular components, and their evolution during the OPLL process at a single-cell resolution, and validate these findings in clinical samples. This study also uncovers the capability of ligament stem cells to exhibit endothelial cell-like phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Notably, our study identifies LOXL2 as a key regulator in this process. Through gain-and loss-of-function studies, we elucidate the role of LOXL2 in the endothelial-like differentiation of ligament cells. It acts via the HIF1A pathway, promoting the secretion of downstream VEGFA and PDGF-BB. This function is not related to the enzymatic activity of LOXL2. Furthermore, we identify sorafenib, a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as an effective suppressor of LOXL2-mediated vascular morphogenesis. By disrupting the coupling between vascularization and osteogenesis, sorafenib demonstrates significant inhibition of OPLL progression in both BMP-induced and enpp1 deficiency-induced animal models while having no discernible effect on normal bone mass. These findings underscore the potential of sorafenib as a therapeutic intervention for OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, No. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Lili Yang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China.
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13
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Zhang N, Yang A, Zhang W, Li H, Xu A, Yan X, Han Q, Wang B, You H, Chen W. Crosstalk of lysyl oxidase-like 1 and lysyl oxidase prolongs their half-lives and regulates liver fibrosis through Notch signal. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0391. [PMID: 38466882 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family members (LOX and LOXL1 to 4) are crucial copper-dependent enzymes responsible for cross-linking collagen and elastin. Previous studies have revealed that LOX and LOXL1 are the most dramatically dysregulated LOX isoforms during liver fibrosis. However, the crosstalk between them and the underlying mechanisms involved in the profibrotic behaviors of HSCs, as well as the progression of liver fibrosis, remain unclear. METHODS pCol9GFP-HS4,5Tg mice, Loxl1fl/flGfapCre mice, human HSC line, and primary HSCs were enrolled to study the dysregulation pattern, profibrotic roles, and the potential mechanisms of LOX and LOXL1 interaction involved in the myofibroblast-like transition of HSCs and liver fibrogenesis. RESULTS LOX and LOXL1 were synergistically upregulated during liver fibrogenesis, irrespective of etiology, together orchestrating the profibrotic behaviors of HSCs. LOX and LOXL1 coregulated in HSCs, whereas LOXL1 dominated in the coregulation loop. Interestingly, the interaction between LOXL1 and LOX prolonged their half-lives, specifically enhancing the Notch signal-mediated myofibroblast-like transition of HSCs. Selective disruption of Loxl1 in Gfap+ HSCs deactivated the Notch signal, inhibited HSC activation, and relieved carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our current study confirmed the synergistic roles and the underlying mechanisms of LOXL1 and LOX crosstalk in the profibrotic behaviors of HSCs and liver fibrosis progression, providing experimental evidence for further clear mechanism-based anti-LOXL1 strategy development in the therapy of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiting Yang
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anjian Xu
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhen Yan
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Han
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqiong Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Li J, Cao J, Yan C, Gong X. TGF-α/EGFR signaling promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced abnormal elastin deposition and alveolar simplification. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:113997. [PMID: 38508328 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by shortened secondary septa and fewer, larger alveoli. Elastin deposition to the distal tips of the secondary septa is critical for elongation of the secondary septa. Alveolar myofibroblasts, which are thought to migrate to the septal tips during alveolarization, are mainly responsible for elastin production and deposition. Antenatal exposure to inflammation induces abnormal elastin deposition, thereby increasing the risk of developing BPD. Here, we found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly increased the expression of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) in an LPS-induced rat model of BPD and in LPS-treated human pulmonary epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). In addition, in vitro experiments suggested that LPS upregulated TGF-α expression via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme (TACE) signaling. Increased TGF-α levels via its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-induced lysyl oxidase (LOX) overactivation and cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) activity inhibition of myofibroblasts. Similarly, in vivo LOX overactivation and inhibition of Cdc42 activity were observed in the lungs of LPS-exposed pups. LOX overactivation led to abnormal elastin deposition, and inhibition of Cdc42 activity disturbed the directional migration of myofibroblasts and disrupted elastin localization. Most importantly, the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib partially rescued LOX overactivation and Cdc42 activity inhibition, and improved elastin deposition and alveolar development in antenatal LPS-treated rats. Taken together, our data suggest that TGF-α/EGFR signaling is critically involved in the regulation of elastin deposition and represents a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Lu Ding Road, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Lu Ding Road, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongbing Yan
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Lu Ding Road, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Lu Ding Road, 200062, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Kostadinova R, Ströbel S, Chen L, Fiaschetti-Egli K, Gadient J, Pawlowska A, Petitjean L, Bieri M, Thoma E, Petitjean M. Digital pathology with artificial intelligence analysis provides insight to the efficacy of anti-fibrotic compounds in human 3D MASH model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5885. [PMID: 38467661 PMCID: PMC10928082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a severe liver disease characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammation and fibrosis. The development of MASH therapies has been hindered by the lack of human translational models and limitations of analysis techniques for fibrosis. The MASH three-dimensional (3D) InSight™ human liver microtissue (hLiMT) model recapitulates pathophysiological features of the disease. We established an algorithm for automated phenotypic quantification of fibrosis of Sirius Red stained histology sections of MASH hLiMTs model using a digital pathology quantitative single-fiber artificial intelligence (AI) FibroNest™ image analysis platform. The FibroNest™ algorithm for MASH hLiMTs was validated using anti-fibrotic reference compounds with different therapeutic modalities-ALK5i and anti-TGF-β antibody. The phenotypic quantification of fibrosis demonstrated that both reference compounds decreased the deposition of fibrillated collagens in alignment with effects on the secretion of pro-collagen type I/III, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 and pro-fibrotic gene expression. In contrast, clinical compounds, Firsocostat and Selonsertib, alone and in combination showed strong anti-fibrotic effects on the deposition of collagen fibers, however less pronounced on the secretion of pro-fibrotic biomarkers. In summary, the phenotypic quantification of fibrosis of MASH hLiMTs combined with secretion of pro-fibrotic biomarkers and transcriptomics represents a promising drug discovery tool for assessing anti-fibrotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Ströbel
- InSphero AG, Wagistrasse 27A, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Li Chen
- PharmaNest, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jana Gadient
- InSphero AG, Wagistrasse 27A, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Manuela Bieri
- InSphero AG, Wagistrasse 27A, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Eva Thoma
- InSphero AG, Wagistrasse 27A, Schlieren, Switzerland
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16
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Fan L, Jiang W, Chen C, Gao H, Shi J, Wang D. CEBPA facilitates LOXL2 and LOXL3 transcription to promote BCL-2 stability and thus enhances the growth and metastasis of lung carcinoma cells in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113937. [PMID: 38242344 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Lung carcinoma (LC) is a complicated and highly heterogeneous disease with high morbidity and mortality. Both lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) 2 and 3 act in cancer progression. This work endeavors to illustrate the influence of LOXL2/LOXL3 on LC progression and the underlying mechanisms. LOXL family genes and CCAAT enhancer binding protein A (CEBPA) were analyzed in the TCGA database for their expression patterns in LC patients and their correlations with the patient's prognosis. CEBPA, LOXL2, and LOXL3 expression levels were determined in LC cells. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were conducted, followed by assays for cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, invasion, and migration. The binding of CEBPA or B cell lymphoma protein (BCL)-2 to LOXL2/LOXL3 was verified. The ubiquitination level of BCL-2 and histone acetylation level of LOXL2/LOXL3 in LC cells were analyzed. Database analyses revealed that LC patients had high CEBPA, LOXL2, and LOXL3 expression, which were related to poor prognosis. LC cells also exhibited high CEBPA, LOXL2, and LOXL3 levels. LOXL2/LOXL3 knockdown subdued EMT, proliferation, migration, and invasion while enhancing the apoptosis of LC cells. LOXL2/LOXL3 could bind to CEBPA and BCL-2. LOXL2/LOXL3 knockdown upregulated BCL-2 ubiquitination level and diminished BCL-2 expression in LC cells. CEBPA recruited Tip60 to enhance histone acetylation and transcription of LOXL2/LOXL3 in LC cells. BCL-2 overexpression abolished the impacts of LOXL2/LOXL3 knockdown on LC cells. In conclusion, CEBPA boosts LOXL2 and LOXL3 transcription to facilitate BCL-2 stability by recruiting Tip60 and thus contributes to LC cell growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Fan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijuan Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Canjuan Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangwei Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dewen Wang
- Radiotherapy Department, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Xie Z, Liu J, Xie T, Liu P, Hui X, Zhang Q, Xiao X. Integration of proteomics and metabolomics reveals energy and metabolic alterations induced by glucokinase (GCK) partial inactivation in hepatocytes. Cell Signal 2024; 114:111009. [PMID: 38092300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Glucokinase (GCK) acts as the glucose sensor in maintaining glucose homeostasis. The inactivating mutation of the GCK gene leads to glucokinase-maturity onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY). This study aims to gain further insights into the molecular alterations triggered by GCK partial inactivation in hepatocytes, potentially underlying the favorable prognosis of GCK-MODY. MAIN METHODS A GCK knockdown HepG2 cell model was established, and the integration of proteomics and metabolomics was used to gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathway changes caused by GCK inactivation in the liver. KEY FINDINGS Proteomic analysis identified 257 differential proteins. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that protein expression changes in the GCK knockdown group were significantly enriched in central carbon metabolism, the TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Among them, enzymes in the TCA cycle (PC, IDH2, SDH) were significantly downregulated in GCK-knockdown group. Targeted metabolomics revealed that in the GCK knockdown hepatocytes, TCA cycle intermediates were significantly decreased, including pyruvate, oxaloacetate, citrate and succinic acid, and three metabolites increased including glycine, betaine and homocysteine. These metabolic alterations in turn reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in GCK knockdown hepatocytes. Correlation analysis indicated that TCA cycle metabolites were positively correlated with proteins involved in the TCA cycle, carbon metabolism, glycolysis, Ras signaling, fibrosis and inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, GCK knockdown reduced TCA cycle flux and oxidative stress in hepatocytes by influencing the levels of key transcription factors and enzymes, providing a comprehensive understanding of the effects of GCK partial inactivation on liver metabolism and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Xie
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ting Xie
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiangyi Hui
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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18
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Nam K, Dos Santos HT, Maslow FM, Small T, Shanbhag V, Petris MJ, Baker OJ. Copper chelation reduces early collagen deposition and preserves saliva secretion in irradiated salivary glands. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24368. [PMID: 38298614 PMCID: PMC10828693 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a first-line treatment for head and neck cancer; however, it typically leads to hyposalivation stemming from fibrosis of the salivary gland. Current strategies to restore glandular function are dependent on the presence of residual functional salivary gland tissue, a condition commonly not met in patients with extensive fibrotic coverage of the salivary gland resulting from radiation therapy. Fibrosis is defined by the pathological accumulation of connective tissue (i.e., extracellular matrix) and excessive deposition of crosslinked (fibrillar) collagen that can impact a range of tissues and given that collagen crosslinking is necessary for fibrosis formation, inhibiting this process is a reasonable focus for developing anti-fibrotic therapies. Collagen crosslinking is catalyzed by the lysyl oxidase family of secreted copper-dependent metalloenzymes, and since that copper is an essential cofactor in all lysyl oxidase family members, we tested whether localized delivery of a copper chelator into the submandibular gland of irradiated mice could suppress collagen deposition and preserve the structure and function of this organ. Our results demonstrate that transdermal injection of tetrathiomolybdate into salivary glands significantly reduced the early deposition of fibrillar collagen in irradiated mice and preserved the integrity and function of submandibular gland epithelial tissue. Together, these studies identify copper metabolism as a novel therapeutic target to control radiation induced damage to the salivary gland and the current findings further indicate the therapeutic potential of repurposing clinically approved copper chelators as neoadjuvant treatments for radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihoon Nam
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, United States
- School of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, United States
| | - Harim Tavares Dos Santos
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, United States
- School of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, United States
| | - Frank M. Maslow
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, United States
- School of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, United States
| | - Travis Small
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, United States
- School of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, United States
| | - Vinit Shanbhag
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, United States
| | - Michael J. Petris
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States
| | - Olga J. Baker
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, United States
- School of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, United States
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19
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Xiong J, Xiao R, Zhao J, Zhao Q, Luo M, Li F, Zhang W, Wu M. Matrix stiffness affects tumor-associated macrophage functional polarization and its potential in tumor therapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:85. [PMID: 38246995 PMCID: PMC10800063 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays critical roles in cytoskeletal support, biomechanical transduction and biochemical signal transformation. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) function is regulated by matrix stiffness in solid tumors and is often associated with poor prognosis. ECM stiffness-induced mechanical cues can activate cell membrane mechanoreceptors and corresponding mechanotransducers in the cytoplasm, modulating the phenotype of TAMs. Currently, tuning TAM polarization through matrix stiffness-induced mechanical stimulation has received increasing attention, whereas its effect on TAM fate has rarely been summarized. A better understanding of the relationship between matrix stiffness and macrophage function will contribute to the development of new strategies for cancer therapy. In this review, we first introduced the overall relationship between macrophage polarization and matrix stiffness, analyzed the changes in mechanoreceptors and mechanotransducers mediated by matrix stiffness on macrophage function and tumor progression, and finally summarized the effects of targeting ECM stiffness on tumor prognosis to provide insight into this new field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rourou Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Manwen Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China.
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20
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Li H, Zhang Q, Wan R, Zhou L, Xu X, Xu C, Yu Y, Xu Y, Xiang Y, Tang S. PLPPR4 haploinsufficiency causes neurodevelopmental disorders by disrupting synaptic plasticity via mTOR signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3286-3295. [PMID: 37550884 PMCID: PMC10623522 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid phosphatase related 4 (PLPPR4), a neuron-specific membrane protein located at the postsynaptic density of glutamatergic synapses, is a putative regulator of neuronal plasticity. However, PLPPR4 dysfunction has not been linked to genetic disorders. In this study, we report three unrelated patients with intellectual disability (ID) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who harbour a de novo heterozygous copy number loss of PLPPR4 in 1p21.2p21.3, a heterozygous nonsense mutation in PLPPR4 (NM_014839, c.4C > T, p.Gln2*) and a homozygous splice mutation in PLPPR4 (NM_014839: c.408 + 2 T > C), respectively. Bionano single-molecule optical mapping confirmed PLPPR4 deletion contains no additional pathogenic genes. Our results suggested that the loss of function of PLPPR4 is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. To test the pathogenesis of PLPPR4, peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the patient with heterozygous deletion of PLPPR4 were induced to specific iPSCs (CHWi001-A) and then differentiated into neurons. The neurons carrying the deletion of PLPPR4 displayed the reduced density of dendritic protrusions, shorter neurites and reduced axon length, suggesting the causal role of PLPPR4 in neurodevelopmental disorders. As the mTOR signalling pathway was essential for regulating the axon maturation and function, we found that mTOR signalling was inhibited with a higher level of p-AKT, p-mTOR and p-ERK1/2, decreased p-PI3K in PLPPR4-iPSCs neurons. Additionally, we found silencing PLPPR4 disturbed the mTOR signalling pathway. Our results suggested PLPPR4 modulates neurodevelopment by affecting the plasticity of neurons via the mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzheng Li
- Human Aging Research InstituteNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | | | - Ru Wan
- Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Lili Zhou
- Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
| | | | - Yuan Yu
- Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Yunzhi Xu
- Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
| | | | - Shaohua Tang
- Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouChina
- Pediatric GeneticsZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouChina
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21
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Kaplan JL, Rivas VN, Connolly DJ. Advancing Treatments for Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Role of Animal Models and Targeted Therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:1293-1308. [PMID: 37414693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Feline HCM is the most common cardiovascular disease in cats, leading to devastating outcomes, including congestive heart failure (CHF), arterial thromboembolism (ATE), and sudden death. Evidence demonstrating long-term survival benefit with currently available therapies is lacking. Therefore, it is imperative to explore intricate genetic and molecular pathways that drive HCM pathophysiology to inspire the development of novel therapeutics. Several clinical trials exploring new drug therapies are currently underway, including those investigating small molecule inhibitors and rapamycin. This article outlines the key work performed using cellular and animal models that has led to and continues to guide the development of new innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Kaplan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Victor N Rivas
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David J Connolly
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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22
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Borrello MT, Mann D. Chronic liver diseases: From development to novel pharmacological therapies: IUPHAR Review 37. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2880-2897. [PMID: 35393658 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases comprise a broad spectrum of burdensome diseases that still lack effective pharmacological therapies. Our research group focuses on fibrosis, which is a major precursor of liver cirrhosis. Fibrosis consists in a progressive disturbance of liver sinusoidal architecture characterised by connective tissue deposition as a reparative response to tissue injury. Multifactorial events and several types of cells participate in fibrosis initiation and progression, and the process still needs to be completely understood. The development of experimental models of liver fibrosis alongside the identification of critical factors progressing fibrosis to cirrhosis will facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for such condition. This review provides an overlook of the main process leading to hepatic fibrosis and therapeutic approaches that have emerged from a deep knowledge of the molecular regulation of fibrogenesis in the liver. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Borrello
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Derek Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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23
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Elnagdy M, Wang Y, Rodriguez W, Zhang J, Bauer P, Wilkey DW, Merchant M, Pan J, Farooqui Z, Cannon R, Rai S, Maldonado C, Barve S, McClain CJ, Gobejishvili L. Increased expression of phosphodiesterase 4 in activated hepatic stellate cells promotes cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration. J Pathol 2023; 261:361-371. [PMID: 37735782 PMCID: PMC10653049 DOI: 10.1002/path.6194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) into migratory myofibroblasts is a key process in liver fibrogenesis. Cell migration requires an active remodeling of the cytoskeleton, which is a tightly regulated process coordinated by Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and the Rho family of small GTPases. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) promotes assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers by regulating cytoskeleton organization. GEF exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) has been implicated in modulating TGFβ1 and Rho signaling; however, its role in HSC migration has never been examined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzymes in regulating EPAC1 signaling, HSC migration, and fibrogenesis. We show that PDE4 protein expression is increased in activated HSCs expressing alpha smooth muscle actin and active myosin light chain (MLC) in fibrotic tissues of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis livers and mouse livers exposed to carbon tetrachloride. In human livers, TGFβ1 levels were highly correlated with PDE4 expression. TGFβ1 treatment of LX2 HSCs decreased levels of cAMP and EPAC1 and increased PDE4D expression. PDE4 specific inhibitor, rolipram, and an EPAC-specific agonist decreased TGFβ1-mediated cell migration in vitro. In vivo, targeted delivery of rolipram to the liver prevented fibrogenesis and collagen deposition and decreased the expression of several fibrosis-related genes, and HSC activation. Proteomic analysis of mouse liver tissues identified the regulation of actin cytoskeleton by the kinase effectors of Rho GTPases as a major pathway impacted by rolipram. Western blot analyses confirmed that PDE4 inhibition decreased active MLC and endothelin 1 levels, key proteins involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and contractility. The current study, for the first time, demonstrates that PDE4 enzymes are expressed in hepatic myofibroblasts and promote cytoskeleton remodeling and HSC migration. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elnagdy
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yali Wang
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Walter Rodriguez
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - JingWen Zhang
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip Bauer
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- EndoProtech, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel W. Wilkey
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michael Merchant
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zainab Farooqui
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert Cannon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shesh Rai
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claudio Maldonado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- EndoProtech, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Leila Gobejishvili
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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24
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Lin W, Song Y, Li T, Yan J, Zhang R, Han L, Ba X, Huang Y, Qin K, Chen Z, Wang Y, Tu S, Huang Y. Triptolide attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting fibrotic extracellular matrix remodeling mediated by MMPs/LOX/integrin. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115394. [PMID: 37660647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling characterized different types of pulmonary fibrosis, and its regulation could be a potential shared treatment strategy for pulmonary fibrosis. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the effect of triptolide on pulmonary fibrosis through the inhibition of several important aspects of fibrotic ECM remodeling. METHODS Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice and TGF-β1-induced primary lung fibroblasts were used. The effect of triptolide on pulmonary fibrosis was detected using histopathology, immunostaining, RT-qPCR, western blotting, ELISA, and protein activity assay. RESULTS Triptolide significantly alleviated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. It inhibited the expression of fibrotic genes α-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and vimentin and blocked the TGF-β-SMAD signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, triptolide regulated the expression and activity of MMPs during fibrosis. Interestingly, it suppressed the expression of lysyl oxidase, which was responsible for matrix cross-linking and elevated ECM stiffness. Furthermore, triptolide blocked the biomechanical stress transduction pathway integrin-β1-FAK-YAP signaling and attenuated the pro-fibrotic feedback of fibrotic ECM on fibroblasts via integrin inhibition. CONCLUSION These findings show that triptolide prevents the key linkages of fibrotic ECM remodeling, including deposition, degradation, cross-linking, and pro-fibrotic feedback and, therefore, has potential therapeutic value for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiji Lin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqin Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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25
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Loomis T, Smith LR. Thrown for a loop: fibro-adipogenic progenitors in skeletal muscle fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C895-C906. [PMID: 37602412 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00245.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are key regulators of skeletal muscle regeneration and homeostasis. However, dysregulation of these cells leads to fibro-fatty infiltration across various muscle diseases. FAPs are the key source of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in muscle, and disruption to this process leads to a pathological accumulation of ECM, known as fibrosis. The replacement of contractile tissue with fibrotic ECM functionally impairs the muscle and increases muscle stiffness. FAPs and fibrotic muscle form a progressively degenerative feedback loop where, as a muscle becomes fibrotic, it induces a fibrotic FAP phenotype leading to further development of fibrosis. In this review, we summarize FAPs' role in fibrosis in terms of their activation, heterogeneity, contributions to fibrotic degeneration, and role across musculoskeletal diseases. We also discuss current research on potential therapeutic avenues to attenuate fibrosis by targeting FAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Loomis
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Lucas R Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Davis, California, United States
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26
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Chen W, Sun Y, Chen S, Ge X, Zhang W, Zhang N, Wu X, Song Z, Han H, Desert R, Yan X, Yang A, Das S, Athavale D, Nieto N, You H. Matrisome gene-based subclassification of patients with liver fibrosis identifies clinical and molecular heterogeneities. Hepatology 2023; 78:1118-1132. [PMID: 37098756 PMCID: PMC10524702 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Excessive deposition and crosslinking of extracellular matrix increases liver density and stiffness, promotes fibrogenesis, and increases resistance to fibrinolysis. An emerging therapeutic opportunity in liver fibrosis is to target the composition of the extracellular matrix or block pathogenic communication with surrounding cells. However, the type and extent of extracellular changes triggering liver fibrosis depend on the underlying etiology. Our aim was to unveil matrisome genes not dependent on etiology, which are clinically relevant to liver fibrosis. APPROACH RESULTS We used transcriptomic profiles from liver fibrosis cases of different etiologies to identify and validate liver fibrosis-specific matrisome genes (LFMGs) and their clinical and biological relevance. Dysregulation patterns and cellular landscapes of LFMGs were further explored in mouse models of liver fibrosis progression and regression by bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified 35 LFMGs, independent of etiology, representing an LFMG signature defining liver fibrosis. Expression of the LFMG signature depended on histological severity and was reduced in regressive livers. Patients with liver fibrosis, even with identical pathological scores, could be subclassified into LFMG Low and LFMG High , with distinguishable clinical, cellular, and molecular features. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that microfibrillar-associated protein 4 + activated HSC increased in LFMG High patients and were primarily responsible for the LFMG signature expression and dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS The microfibrillar-associated protein 4 + -activated HSC-derived LFMG signature classifies patients with liver fibrosis with distinct clinical and biological characteristics. Our findings unveil hidden information from liver biopsies undetectable using traditional histologic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yameng Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Romain Desert
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xuzhen Yan
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Aiting Yang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sukanta Das
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dipti Athavale
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 1020N, MC 787, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
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Yao X, Liu Y, Jiao H, Ma W, Chen M. Association of LOX gene G473A polymorphism with the occurrence of allergic rhinitis and efficacy of montelukast sodium in children. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2280-2287. [PMID: 38009683 PMCID: PMC10730226 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2286802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is very common in adolescents, and current treatment options are complex and unsatisfactory. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of lysyl oxidase (LOX) gene G473A polymorphism with susceptibility to AR in children. In addition, we analyzed the therapeutic effect of montelukast sodium on AR. Forty-five children with AR (research group, 8.16±2.88 years old) and 51 healthy children (control group, 8.22±3.87 years old) during the same period were selected. The LOX gene G473A polymorphism was detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The effect of G473A polymorphism in the occurrence of AR was assessed by logistic regression analysis. In addition, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin (IL-6), and IL-8 were measured to observe the relationship between G473A polymorphism and inflammatory factors. Finally, montelukast sodium was given to children with AR to investigate the effect of G473A polymorphism on clinical outcomes. The number of G473A polymorphisms in the research group was not significantly different from the control group for GA-type (P = 0.521). However, the number of GG-type polymorphisms was less while the number of type AA was more than the control group (P = 0.044 and 0.046). Children carrying the AA gene had an approximately 4-fold increased risk of AR, while those carrying the GG gene had a decreased risk (P < 0.001). Moreover, children carrying the GG gene had lower levels of CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 and better clinical outcomes, while those carrying the AA gene had higher levels of inflammatory factors and worse outcomes (P<0.05). LOX gene G473A polymorphism is closely associated with AR pathogenesis and may have an important research value in antagonizing the therapeutic effect of montelukast sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xikun Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Jiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Minliang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Zhang S, Jiang C, Jiang L, Chen H, Huang J, Zhang J, Wang R, Chi H, Yang G, Tian G. Uncovering the immune microenvironment and molecular subtypes of hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis and developing stable a diagnostic differential model by machine learning and artificial neural networks. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1275897. [PMID: 37808522 PMCID: PMC10556489 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1275897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC) is a common clinical disease that evolves from chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The development of cirrhosis can be suppressed by pharmacological treatment. When CHB progresses to HBV-LC, the patient's quality of life decreases dramatically and drug therapy is ineffective. Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment, but the lack of donor required for transplantation, the high cost of the procedure and post-transplant rejection make this method unsuitable for most patients. Methods: The aim of this study was to find potential diagnostic biomarkers associated with HBV-LC by bioinformatics analysis and to classify HBV-LC into specific subtypes by consensus clustering. This will provide a new perspective for early diagnosis, clinical treatment and prevention of HCC in HBV-LC patients. Two study-relevant datasets, GSE114783 and GSE84044, were retrieved from the GEO database. We screened HBV-LC for feature genes using differential analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and three machine learning algorithms including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and random forest (RF) for a total of five methods. After that, we constructed an artificial neural network (ANN) model. A cohort consisting of GSE123932, GSE121248 and GSE119322 was used for external validation. To better predict the risk of HBV-LC development, we also built a nomogram model. And multiple enrichment analyses of genes and samples were performed to understand the biological processes in which they were significantly enriched. And the different subtypes of HBV-LC were analyzed using the Immune infiltration approach. Results: Using the data downloaded from GEO, we developed an ANN model and nomogram based on six feature genes. And consensus clustering of HBV-LC classified them into two subtypes, C1 and C2, and it was hypothesized that patients with subtype C2 might have milder clinical symptoms by immune infiltration analysis. Conclusion: The ANN model and column line graphs constructed with six feature genes showed excellent predictive power, providing a new perspective for early diagnosis and possible treatment of HBV-LC. The delineation of HBV-LC subtypes will facilitate the development of future clinical treatment of HBV-LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengke Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chenglu Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinbang Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jieying Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, United States
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Luzhou, China
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29
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Cano A, Eraso P, Mazón MJ, Portillo F. LOXL2 in Cancer: A Two-Decade Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14405. [PMID: 37762708 PMCID: PMC10532419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl Oxidase Like 2 (LOXL2) belongs to the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, which comprises five lysine tyrosylquinone (LTQ)-dependent copper amine oxidases in humans. In 2003, LOXL2 was first identified as a promoter of tumour progression and, over the course of two decades, numerous studies have firmly established its involvement in multiple cancers. Extensive research with large cohorts of human tumour samples has demonstrated that dysregulated LOXL2 expression is strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients. Moreover, investigations have revealed the association of LOXL2 with various targets affecting diverse aspects of tumour progression. Additionally, the discovery of a complex network of signalling factors acting at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels has provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the aberrant expression of LOXL2 in tumours. Furthermore, the development of genetically modified mouse models with silenced or overexpressed LOXL2 has enabled in-depth exploration of its in vivo role in various cancer models. Given the significant role of LOXL2 in numerous cancers, extensive efforts are underway to identify specific inhibitors that could potentially improve patient prognosis. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of two decades of research on the role of LOXL2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (P.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz—IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Eraso
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (P.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz—IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Mazón
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (P.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz—IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Portillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (P.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz—IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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30
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Poe A, Martinez Yus M, Wang H, Santhanam L. Lysyl oxidase like-2 in fibrosis and cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C694-C707. [PMID: 37458436 PMCID: PMC10635644 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00176.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is an important and essential reparative response to injury that, if left uncontrolled, results in the excessive synthesis, deposition, remodeling, and stiffening of the extracellular matrix, which is deleterious to organ function. Thus, the sustained activation of enzymes that catalyze matrix remodeling and cross linking is a fundamental step in the pathology of fibrotic diseases. Recent studies have implicated the amine oxidase lysyl oxidase like-2 (LOXL2) in this process and established significantly elevated expression of LOXL2 as a key component of profibrotic conditions in several organ systems. Understanding the relationship between LOXL2 and fibrosis as well as the mechanisms behind these relationships can offer significant insights for developing novel therapies. Here, we summarize the key findings that demonstrate the link between LOXL2 and fibrosis and inflammation, examine current therapeutics targeting LOXL2 for the treatment of fibrosis, and discuss future directions for experiments and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Poe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Marta Martinez Yus
- Department of Anesthesiology and CCM, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Huilei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Lakshmi Santhanam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and CCM, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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31
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Luangmonkong T, Parichatikanond W, Olinga P. Targeting collagen homeostasis for the treatment of liver fibrosis: Opportunities and challenges. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115740. [PMID: 37567319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an excessive production, aberrant deposition, and deficit degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Patients with unresolved fibrosis ultimately undergo end-stage liver diseases. To date, the effective and safe strategy to cease fibrosis progression remains an unmet clinical need. Since collagens are the most abundant ECM protein which play an essential role in fibrogenesis, the suitable regulation of collagen homeostasis could be an effective strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Therefore, this review provides a brief overview on the dysregulation of ECM homeostasis, focusing on collagens, in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Most importantly, promising therapeutic mechanisms related to biosynthesis, deposition and extracellular interactions, and degradation of collagens, together with preclinical and clinical antifibrotic evidence of drugs affecting each target are orderly criticized. In addition, challenges for targeting collagen homeostasis in the treatment of liver fibrosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerut Luangmonkong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand; Centre of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing (BSHA), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Warisara Parichatikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand; Centre of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing (BSHA), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Di X, Gao X, Peng L, Ai J, Jin X, Qi S, Li H, Wang K, Luo D. Cellular mechanotransduction in health and diseases: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:282. [PMID: 37518181 PMCID: PMC10387486 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mechanotransduction, a critical regulator of numerous biological processes, is the conversion from mechanical signals to biochemical signals regarding cell activities and metabolism. Typical mechanical cues in organisms include hydrostatic pressure, fluid shear stress, tensile force, extracellular matrix stiffness or tissue elasticity, and extracellular fluid viscosity. Mechanotransduction has been expected to trigger multiple biological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration. However, prolonged excessive mechanical stimulation can result in pathological processes, such as multi-organ fibrosis, tumorigenesis, and cancer immunotherapy resistance. Although the associations between mechanical cues and normal tissue homeostasis or diseases have been identified, the regulatory mechanisms among different mechanical cues are not yet comprehensively illustrated, and no effective therapies are currently available targeting mechanical cue-related signaling. This review systematically summarizes the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of typical mechanical cues in normal conditions and diseases with the updated evidence. The key effectors responding to mechanical stimulations are listed, such as Piezo channels, integrins, Yes-associated protein (YAP) /transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). We also reviewed the key signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and cutting-edge clinical applications of diseases related to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Di
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Gao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Liao Peng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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33
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Zhang CY, Liu S, Yang M. Treatment of liver fibrosis: Past, current, and future. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:755-774. [PMID: 37397931 PMCID: PMC10308286 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i6.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis accompanies the progression of chronic liver diseases independent of etiologies, such as hepatitis viral infection, alcohol consumption, and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. It is commonly associated with liver injury, inflammation, and cell death. Liver fibrosis is characterized by abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix components that are expressed by liver myofibroblasts such as collagens and alpha-smooth actin proteins. Activated hepatic stellate cells contribute to the major population of myofibroblasts. Many treatments for liver fibrosis have been investigated in clinical trials, including dietary supplementation (e.g., vitamin C), biological treatment (e.g., simtuzumab), drug (e.g., pegbelfermin and natural herbs), genetic regulation (e.g., non-coding RNAs), and transplantation of stem cells (e.g., hematopoietic stem cells). However, none of these treatments has been approved by Food and Drug Administration. The treatment efficacy can be evaluated by histological staining methods, imaging methods, and serum biomarkers, as well as fibrosis scoring systems, such as fibrosis-4 index, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score. Furthermore, the reverse of liver fibrosis is slowly and frequently impossible for advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. To avoid the life-threatening stage of liver fibrosis, anti-fibrotic treatments, especially for combined behavior prevention, biological treatment, drugs or herb medicines, and dietary regulation are needed. This review summarizes the past studies and current and future treatments for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Zhang
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Radiology,The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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34
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Cheng F, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhou J, Qian H, Yan Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-27b-3p alleviates liver fibrosis via downregulating YAP/LOXL2 pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:195. [PMID: 37328872 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is an extracellular copper-dependent enzyme that plays a central role in fibrosis by catalyzing the crosslinking and deposition of collagen. Therapeutic LOXL2 inhibition has been shown to suppress liver fibrosis progression and promote its reversal. This study investigates the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of human umbilical cord-derived exosomes (MSC-ex) in LOXL2 inhibition of liver fibrosis. MSC-ex, nonselective LOX inhibitor β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), or PBS were administered into carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrotic livers. Serum LOXL2 and collagen crosslinking were assessed histologically and biochemically. MSC-ex's mechanisms on LOXL2 regulation were investigated in human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2. We found that systemic administration of MSC-ex significantly reduced LOXL2 expression and collagen crosslinking, delaying the progression of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Mechanically, RNA-sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated that miR-27b-3p was enriched in MSC-ex and exosomal miR-27b-3p repressed Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression by targeting its 3' untranslated region in LX-2. LOXL2 was identified as a novel downstream target gene of YAP, and YAP bound to the LOXL2 promoter to positively regulate transcription. Additionally, the miR-27b-3p inhibitor abrogated the anti-LOXL2 abilities of MSC-ex and diminished the antifibrotic efficacy. miR-27b-3p overexpression promoted MSC-ex mediated YAP/LOXL2 inhibition. Thus, MSC-ex may suppress LOXL2 expression through exosomal miR-27b-3p mediated YAP down-regulation. The findings here may improve our understanding of MSC-ex in liver fibrosis alleviation and provide new opportunities for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Fuji Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yanjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University (Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China.
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China.
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University (Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, China.
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Zhan M, Ding Y, Huang S, Liu Y, Xiao J, Yu H, Lu L, Wang X. Lysyl oxidase-like 3 restrains mitochondrial ferroptosis to promote liver cancer chemoresistance by stabilizing dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3123. [PMID: 37253718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome chemotherapy resistance, novel strategies sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy are required. Here, we screen the lysyl-oxidase (LOX) family to clarify its contribution to chemotherapy resistance in liver cancer. LOXL3 depletion significantly sensitizes liver cancer cells to Oxaliplatin by inducing ferroptosis. Chemotherapy-activated EGFR signaling drives LOXL3 to interact with TOM20, causing it to be hijacked into mitochondria, where LOXL3 lysyl-oxidase activity is reinforced by phosphorylation at S704. Metabolic adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) directly phosphorylates LOXL3-S704. Phosphorylated LOXL3-S704 targets dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and stabilizes it by preventing its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. K344-deubiquitinated DHODH accumulates in mitochondria, in turn inhibiting chemotherapy-induced mitochondrial ferroptosis. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated site-mutation of mouse LOXL3-S704 to D704 causes a reduction in lipid peroxidation. Using an advanced liver cancer mouse model, we further reveal that low-dose Oxaliplatin in combination with the DHODH-inhibitor Leflunomide effectively inhibit liver cancer progression by inducing ferroptosis, with increased chemotherapy sensitivity and decreased chemotherapy toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Ding
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
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36
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Ma HY, Li Q, Wong WR, N'Diaye EN, Caplazi P, Bender H, Huang Z, Arlantico A, Jeet S, Wong A, Emson C, Brightbill H, Tam L, Newman R, Roose-Girma M, Sandoval W, Ding N. LOXL4, but not LOXL2, is the critical determinant of pathological collagen cross-linking and fibrosis in the lung. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf0133. [PMID: 37235663 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive fibrotic disease characterized by excessive deposition of (myo)fibroblast produced collagen fibrils in alveolar areas of the lung. Lysyl oxidases (LOXs) have been proposed to be the central enzymes that catalyze the cross-linking of collagen fibers. Here, we report that, while its expression is increased in fibrotic lungs, genetic ablation of LOXL2 only leads to a modest reduction of pathological collagen cross-linking but not fibrosis in the lung. On the other hand, loss of another LOX family member, LOXL4, markedly disrupts pathological collagen cross-linking and fibrosis in the lung. Furthermore, knockout of both Loxl2 and Loxl4 does not offer any additive antifibrotic effects when compared to Loxl4 deletion only, as LOXL4 deficiency decreases the expression of other LOX family members including Loxl2. On the basis of these results, we propose that LOXL4 is the main LOX activity underlying pathological collagen cross-linking and lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yen Ma
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qingling Li
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Weng Ruh Wong
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elsa-Noah N'Diaye
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Bender
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Arlantico
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Surinder Jeet
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Wong
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claire Emson
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hans Brightbill
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucinda Tam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Newman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yang Y, Li W, Liu C, Liu J, Yang L, Yue W, Yang L, Xue R, Zhang K, Zhang H, Chang N, Li L. Single-cell RNA seq identifies Plg-R KT-PLG as signals inducing phenotypic transformation of scar-associated macrophage in liver fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166754. [PMID: 37207518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic macrophages play a central role in liver fibrosis. Scar-associated macrophages (SAMs), a recently identified subgroup of macrophages, play an important role in this process. However, the mechanism by which SAMs transform during liver fibrosis is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize SAMs and elucidate the underlying mechanism of SAM transformation. Bile duct ligation (BDL) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were used to induce mouse liver fibrosis. Non-parenchymal cells were isolated from normal/fibrotic livers and were analyzed using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) or mass cytometry (CyTOF). The glucan-encapsulated siRNA particles (siRNA-GeRPs) was employed to perform macrophage selective gene knockdown. The results of scRNA-seq and CyTOF revealed that SAMs, which derived from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), accumulated in mouse fibrotic livers. Further analysis showed that SAMs highly expressed genes related to fibrosis, indicating the pro-fibrotic functions of SAMs. Moreover, plasminogen receptor Plg-RKT was highly expressed by SAMs, suggesting the role of Plg-RKT and plasminogen (PLG) in SAM transformation. In vitro, PLG-treated BMMs transformed into SAMs and expressed SAM functional genes. Knockdown of Plg-RKT blocked the effects of PLG. In vivo, selective knockdown of Plg-RKT in intrahepatic macrophages of BDL- and CCl4-treated mice reduced the number of SAMs and alleviated BDL- and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, suggesting that Plg-RKT-PLG played an important role in liver fibrosis by mediating SAM transformation. Our findings reveal that SAMs are crucial participants in liver fibrosis. Inhibition of SAM transformation by blocking Plg-RKT might be a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanru Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weiyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenhui Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Renmin Xue
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Na Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Wang X, Zhou M, Liu Y, Si Z. Cope with copper: From copper linked mechanisms to copper-based clinical cancer therapies. Cancer Lett 2023; 561:216157. [PMID: 37011869 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have established a strong link between copper and cancer biology, as copper is necessary for cancer growth and metastasis. Beyond the conventional concept of copper serving as a catalytic cofactor of metalloenzymes, emerging evidence demonstrates copper as a regulator for signaling transduction and gene expression, which are vital for tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Interestingly, strong redox-active properties make copper both beneficial and detrimental to cancer cells. Cuproplasia is copper-dependent cell growth and proliferation, whereas cuproptosis is copper-dependent cell death. Both mechanisms act in cancer cells, suggesting that copper depletion and copper supplementation may be viable approaches for developing novel anticancer therapies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of copper's biological role and related molecular mechanisms in cancer proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, autophagy, immunosuppressive microenvironment development, and copper-mediated cancer cell death. We also highlighted copper-based strategies for cancer treatment. The current challenges of copper in cancer biology and therapy and their potential solutions were also discussed. Further investigation in this field will yield a more comprehensive molecular explanation for the causal relationship between copper and cancers. It will reveal a series of key regulators governing copper-dependent signaling pathways, thereby providing potential targets for developing copper-related anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidi Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China; Department of Pathology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Ningbo, PR China.
| | - Miao Zhou
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Zizhen Si
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China.
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Fan Z, Liu Y, Liu X, Nian W, Huang X, Yang Q, Hou S, Chen F. Phosphorylation of AKT by lysyl oxidase-like 2 activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote proliferation, invasion and metastasis in esophageal squamous carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03133-5. [PMID: 36995521 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common and aggressive malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract for which therapeutic options are scarce. This study screens for LOXL2, a key gene in ESCC, and explains the molecular mechanism by which it promotes the progression of ESCC. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression level of LOXL2 in ESCC tissues and paraneoplastic tissues. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were performed to assess the effects of LOXL2 knockdown and overexpression on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion ability of ESCC cells. High-throughput sequencing analysis screens for molecular mechanisms of action by which LOXL2 promotes ESCC progression. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to determine the expression levels of relevant markers. RESULTS LOXL2 is positively expressed in ESCC and highly correlated with poor prognosis. Silencing LOXL2 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasive ability of ESCC cells, whereas overexpression showed the opposite phenotype. High-throughput sequencing suggested that LOXL2-associated differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In vitro cellular assays confirmed that silencing LOXL2 significantly reduced PI3K, p-AKTThr308 and p-AKTSer473 gene and protein expression levels, while overexpression increased all three gene and protein levels, while AKT gene and protein expression levels were not significantly different. CONCLUSION This study found that LOXL2 may regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and exert protumor effects on ESCC cells through phosphorylation of AKT. LOXL2 may be a key clinical warning biomarker or therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Fan
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yingmin Liu
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xinya Liu
- Department of Cardiac Oncology Disease, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Nian
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaotong Huang
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Songyu Hou
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Daily Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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Sasaki M, Hara T, Wang JX, Zhou Y, Kennedy KV, Umeweni NN, Alston MA, Spergel ZC, Nakagawa R, Mcmillan EA, Whelan KA, Karakasheva TA, Hamilton KE, Ruffner MA, Muir AB. Lysyl oxidase regulates epithelial differentiation and barrier integrity in eosinophilic esophagitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534387. [PMID: 37034590 PMCID: PMC10081173 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Epithelial disruption in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) encompasses both impaired differentiation and diminished barrier integrity. We have shown that lysyl oxidase (LOX), a collagen cross-linking enzyme, is upregulated in the esophageal epithelium in EoE. However, the functional roles of LOX in the esophageal epithelium remains unknown. Methods We investigated roles for LOX in the human esophageal epithelium using 3-dimensional organoid and air-liquid interface cultures stimulated with interleukin (IL)-13 to recapitulate the EoE inflammatory milieu, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, histology, and functional analyses of barrier integrity. Results Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on patient-derived organoids revealed that LOX was induced by IL-13 in differentiated cells. LOX-overexpressing organoids demonstrated suppressed basal and upregulated differentiation markers. Additionally, LOX overexpression enhanced junctional protein genes and transepithelial electrical resistance. LOX overexpression restored the impaired differentiation and barrier function, including in the setting of IL-13 stimulation. Transcriptome analyses on LOX-overexpressing organoids identified enriched bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway compared to wild type organoids. Particularly, LOX overexpression increased BMP2 and decreased BMP antagonist follistatin. Finally, we found that BMP2 treatment restored the balance of basal and differentiated cells. Conclusions Our data support a model whereby LOX exhibits non-canonical roles as a signaling molecule important for epithelial homeostasis in the setting of inflammation via activation of BMP pathway in esophagus. The LOX/BMP axis may be integral in esophageal epithelial differentiation and a promising target for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takeo Hara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua X. Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yusen Zhou
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kanak V. Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole N. Umeweni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maiya A. Alston
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary C. Spergel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ritsu Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily A. Mcmillan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cancer & Cellular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tatiana A. Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melanie A. Ruffner
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amanda B. Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Li YC, Hu WY, Li CH, Zhang LL, Xu XW, Li J, Luo HX. Differential expression and significance of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine modification in hepatitis B virus carriers and patients with liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:346-361. [PMID: 37032802 PMCID: PMC10080600 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i3.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive carrier status and liver cancer has been extensively studied. However, the epigenetic changes that occur during progression from HBsAg-positive carrier status or cirrhosis to liver cancer are unknown. The epigenetic modification of DNA hydroxymethylation is critical in tumor development. Further, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an important base for DNA demethylation and epigenetic regulation. It is also involved in the assembly of chromosomes and the regulation of gene expression. However, the mechanism of action of 5hmC in HBsAg-positive carriers or patients with cirrhosis who develop liver cancer has not been fully elucidated.
AIM To investigate the possible epigenetic mechanism of HBsAg-positive carriers and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression from cirrhosis.
METHODS Forty HBsAg-positive carriers, forty patients with liver cirrhosis, and forty patients with liver cancer admitted to the First People's Hospital of Yongkang between March 2020 and November 2021 were selected as participants. Free DNA was extracted using a cf-DNA kit. cfDNA was extracted by 5hmC DNA sequencing for principal component analysis, the expression profiles of the three groups of samples were detected, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) modified by hydroxymethylation were screened. Bioinformatic analysis was used to enrich DEGs, such as in biological pathways.
RESULTS A total of 16455 hydroxymethylated genes were identified. Sequencing results showed that 32 genes had significant 5hmC modification differences between HBsAg carriers and liver cancer patients, of which 30 were upregulated and 2 downregulated in patients with HCC compared with HBsAg-positive carriers. Significant 5hmC modification differences between liver cirrhosis and liver cancer patients were identified in 20 genes, of which 17 were upregulated and 3 were downregulated in patients with HCC compared with those with cirrhosis. These genes may have potential loci that are undiscovered or unelucidated, which contribute to the development and progression of liver cancer. Analysis of gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that the major signaling pathways involved in the differential genes were biliary secretion and insulin secretion. The analysis of protein interactions showed that the important genes in the protein-protein interaction network were phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and solute carrier family 2.
CONCLUSION The occurrence and development of liver cancer involves multiple genes and pathways, which may be potential targets for preventing hepatitis B carriers from developing liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Cui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Yue Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cheng-Hang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Xia Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
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Fan Y, Na SY, Jung YS, Radhakrishnan K, Choi HS. Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is a key regulator of lysyl oxidase gene expression in mouse hepatocytes. Steroids 2023; 194:109226. [PMID: 36948345 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX), the copper-dependent extracellular enzyme, plays a critical role in the regulation of protein cross-linking in the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is also involved in liver regeneration and liver fibrosis. However, the mechanism of LOX regulation in mouse hepatocytes is still unclear. Here, we identify a molecular mechanism showing that orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) regulates LOX gene expression in the presence of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL6). IL6 significantly stimulated the expression of ERRγ and LOX in mouse hepatocytes. Overexpression of ERRγ increased LOX mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, knockdown of ERRγ attenuated IL6-mediated LOX gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of ERRγ or IL6 treatment upregulated LOX gene promoter activity, while knockdown of ERRγ decreased the IL6-induced LOX promoter activity. Furthermore, GSK5182, a specific ERRγ inverse agonist, inhibited the induction effect of IL6 on LOX promoter activity and gene expression in mouse hepatocytes. Overall, our study elucidates the mechanism involved in the LOX gene regulation by nuclear receptor ERRγ in response to IL6 in mouse hepatocytes, suggesting that, in conditions such as chronic inflammation, IL6 may contribute to liver fibrosis via inducing LOX gene expression. Thus, LOX gene regulation by the inverse agonist of ERRγ can be applied to improve liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Fan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Na
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Applewhite B, Gupta A, Wei Y, Yang X, Martinez L, Rojas MG, Andreopoulos F, Vazquez-Padron RI. Periadventitial β-aminopropionitrile-loaded nanofibers reduce fibrosis and improve arteriovenous fistula remodeling in rats. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1124106. [PMID: 36926045 PMCID: PMC10011136 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1124106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) postoperative stenosis is a persistent healthcare problem for hemodialysis patients. We have previously demonstrated that fibrotic remodeling contributes to AVF non-maturation and lysyl oxidase (LOX) is upregulated in failed AVFs compared to matured. Herein, we developed a nanofiber scaffold for the periadventitial delivery of β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) to determine whether unidirectional periadventitial LOX inhibition is a suitable strategy to promote adaptive AVF remodeling in a rat model of AVF remodeling. Methods Bilayer poly (lactic acid) ([PLA)-]- poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) ([PLGA)] scaffolds were fabricated with using a two-step electrospinning process to confer directionality. BAPN-loaded and vehicle control scaffolds were wrapped around the venous limb of a rat femoral-epigastric AVF during surgery. AVF patency and lumen diameter were followed monitored using Doppler ultrasound surveillance and flow was measured before euthanasia. AVFs were harvested after 21 days for histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. AVF compliance was measured using pressure myography. RNA from AVF veins was sequenced to analyze changes in gene expression due to LOX inhibition. Results Bilayer periadventitial nanofiber scaffolds extended BAPN release compared to the monolayer design (p < 0.005) and only released BAPN in one direction. Periadventitial LOX inhibition led to significant increases in AVF dilation and flow after 21 days. Histologically, BAPN trended toward increased lumen and significantly reduced fibrosis compared to control scaffolds (p < 0.01). Periadventitial BAPN reduced downregulated markers associated with myofibroblast differentiation including SMA, FSP-1, LOX, and TGF-β while increasing the contractile marker MYH11. RNA sequencing revealed differential expression of matrisome genes. Conclusion Periadventitial BAPN treatment reduces fibrosis and promotes AVF compliance. Interestingly, the inhibition of LOX leads to increased accumulation of contractile VSMC while reducing myofibroblast-like cells. Periadventitial LOX inhibition alters the matrisome to improve AVF vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Applewhite
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Aavni Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yuntao Wei
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laisel Martinez
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Miguel G. Rojas
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Fotios Andreopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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44
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Zhang CY, Liu S, Yang M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in chronic liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapy. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:180-200. [PMID: 36926234 PMCID: PMC10011909 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a continuous process that causes a reduction of liver function lasting more than six months. CLD includes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic viral infection, and autoimmune hepatitis, which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Liver inflammation and oxidative stress are commonly associated with the development and progression of CLD. Molecular signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), C-Jun N-terminal kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of CLD. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents from natural products are new potent therapies for ALD, NAFLD, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize some powerful products that can be potential applied in all the stages of CLD, from ALD/NAFLD to HCC. The selected agents such as β-sitosterol, curcumin, genistein, and silymarin can regulate the activation of several important molecules, including AMPK, Farnesoid X receptor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2, PPARs, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and lysyl oxidase-like proteins. In addition, clinical trials are undergoing to evaluate their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Zhang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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45
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Nevens F, Trauner M, Manns MP. Primary biliary cholangitis as a roadmap for the development of novel treatments for cholestatic liver diseases †. J Hepatol 2023; 78:430-441. [PMID: 36272496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of nuclear receptors and transporters has contributed to the development of new drugs for the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases. Particular progress has been made in the development of second-line therapies for PBC. These new drugs can be separated into compounds primarily targeting cholestasis, molecules targeting fibrogenesis and molecules with immune-mediated action. Finally, drugs aimed at symptom relief (pruritus and fatigue) are also under investigation. Obeticholic acid is currently the only approved second-line therapy for PBC. Drugs in the late phase of clinical development include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, norursodeoxycholic acid and NADPH oxidase 1/4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Belgium; Centre of ERN RARE-LIVER.
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Centre of ERN RARE-LIVER
| | - Michael P Manns
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Centre of ERN RARE-LIVER
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46
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Guo T, Wantono C, Tan Y, Deng F, Duan T, Liu D. Regulators, functions, and mechanotransduction pathways of matrix stiffness in hepatic disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1098129. [PMID: 36711017 PMCID: PMC9878334 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1098129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides physical support and imparts significant biochemical and mechanical cues to cells. Matrix stiffening is a hallmark of liver fibrosis and is associated with many hepatic diseases, especially liver cirrhosis and carcinoma. Increased matrix stiffness is not only a consequence of liver fibrosis but is also recognized as an active driver in the progression of fibrotic hepatic disease. In this article, we provide a comprehensive view of the role of matrix stiffness in the pathological progression of hepatic disease. The regulators that modulate matrix stiffness including ECM components, MMPs, and crosslinking modifications are discussed. The latest advances of the research on the matrix mechanics in regulating intercellular signaling and cell phenotype are classified, especially for hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes, and immunocytes. The molecular mechanism that sensing and transducing mechanical signaling is highlighted. The current progress of ECM stiffness's role in hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer is introduced and summarized. Finally, the recent trials targeting ECM stiffness for the treatment of liver disease are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cindy Wantono
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuyong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianying Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Deliang Liu,
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Pang X, He X, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Xie R, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhao N, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36588107 PMCID: PMC9805914 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases. Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, conformational changes, and trafficking. Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade, integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years, but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics, targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge. To date, only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed, including abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, natalizumab, vedolizumab, lifitegrast, and carotegrast. Currently, there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies, including small molecules, antibodies, synthetic mimic peptides, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, imaging agents, etc. A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs. Herein, we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic. In addition, we further discuss the trend of drug development, how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies, and the key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xie
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Felli E, Nulan Y, Selicean S, Wang C, Gracia-Sancho J, Bosch J. Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Portal Hypertension. CURRENT HEPATOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 22:51-66. [PMID: 36908849 PMCID: PMC9988810 DOI: 10.1007/s11901-023-00598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Portal hypertension is responsible of the main complications of cirrhosis, which carries a high mortality. Recent treatments have improved prognosis, but this is still far from ideal. This paper reviews new potential therapeutic targets unveiled by advances of key pathophysiologic processes. Recent Findings Recent research highlighted the importance of suppressing etiologic factors and a safe lifestyle and outlined new mechanisms modulating portal pressure. These include intrahepatic abnormalities linked to inflammation, fibrogenesis, vascular occlusion, parenchymal extinction, and angiogenesis; impaired regeneration; increased hepatic vascular tone due to sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction with insufficient NO availability; and paracrine liver cell crosstalk. Moreover, pathways such as the gut-liver axis modulate splanchnic vasodilatation and systemic inflammation, exacerbate liver fibrosis, and are being targeted by therapy. We have summarized studies of new agents addressing these targets. Summary New agents, alone or in combination, allow acting in complementary mechanisms offering a more profound effect on portal hypertension while simultaneously limiting disease progression and favoring regression of fibrosis and of cirrhosis. Major changes in treatment paradigms are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Felli
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Hepatology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yelidousi Nulan
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Hepatology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Selicean
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Hepatology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Hepatology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Hepatology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, CIBEREHD, IDIBAPS Research Institute, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Bosch
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Qi L, Han H, Han MM, Sun Y, Xing L, Jiang HL, Pandol SJ, Li L. Remodeling of imbalanced extracellular matrix homeostasis for reversal of pancreatic fibrosis. Biomaterials 2023; 292:121945. [PMID: 36508773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis is mainly manifested by imbalance in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis due to excessive deposition of collagen in pancreas by activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Recently, some drugs have exhibited therapeutic potentials for the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis; however, currently, no effective clinical strategy is available to remodel imbalanced ECM homeostasis because of inferior targeting abilities of drugs and collagen barriers that hinder the efficient delivery of drugs. Herein, we design and prepare collagen-binding peptide (CBP) and collagenase I co-decorated dual drug-loaded lipid nanoparticles (named AT-CC) for pancreatic fibrosis therapy. Specifically, AT-CC can target fibrotic pancreas via the CBP and degrade excess collagen by the grafted collagenase I, thereby effectively delivering all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TM) into pancreas. The released ATRA can reduce collagen overproduction by inhibiting the activation of PSCs. Moreover, the released TM can restrain lysyloxidase activation, consequently reducing collagen cross-linking. The combination of ATRA and TM represses collagen synthesis and reduces collagen cross linkages to restore ECM homeostasis. The results of this research suggest that AT-CC is a safe and efficient collagen-targeted degradation drug-delivery system for reversing pancreatic fibrosis. Furthermore, the strategy proposed herein will offer an innovative platform for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Han Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meng-Meng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Basic and Translational Pancreatic Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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50
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Sabbagh MG, Aliakbarian M, Khodashahi R, Ferns GA, Rahimi H, Ashrafzadeh K, Tavakkoli M, Arjmand MH. Targeting Lysyl Oxidase as a Potential Therapeutic Approach to Reducing Fibrotic Scars Post-operatively: Its Biological Role in Post-Surgical Scar Development. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1099-1105. [PMID: 37929723 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501249450231023112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal and pelvic surgery, or any surgical injury of the peritoneum, often leads to chronic abdominal adhesions that may lead to bowel obstruction, infertility, and pain. Current therapeutic strategies are usually ineffective, and the pathological mechanisms of the disease are unclear. Excess collagen cross-linking is a key mediator for extra-cellular matrix deposition and fibrogenesis. Lysyl oxidase is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of stabilizing cross-links in collagen. Dysregulation of Lysyl oxidase (Lox) expressing upregulates collagen cross-linking, leading ECM deposition. Tissue hypoxia during surgery induces molecular mechanisms and active transcription factors to promote the expression of several genes related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis, such as transforming growth factor beta, and Lox. Studies have shown that targeting Lox improves clinical outcomes and fibrotic parameters in liver, lung, and myocardial fibrosis, therefore, Lox may be a potential drug target in the prevention of postsurgical adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Ghorban Sabbagh
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarian
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rozita Khodashahi
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon-A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Hoda Rahimi
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ashrafzadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tavakkoli
- Kidney Transplantation Complication Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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