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Husain M. The human hippocampus contributes to short-term memory. Brain 2024:awae194. [PMID: 38978495 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
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Jia Y, Woltering S, Deutz NEP, Engelen MPKJ, Coyle KS, Maio MR, Husain M, Liu ZX. Working Memory Precision and Associative Binding in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Exp Aging Res 2024; 50:206-224. [PMID: 36755482 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2023.2172949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
To better understand working memory (WM) deficits in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), we examined information precision and associative binding in WM in 21 participants with MCI, compared to 16 healthy controls, using an item-location delayed reproduction task. WM, along with other executive functions (i.e. Trail Making Task (TMT) and Stroop task), were measured before and after a 2-h nap. The napping manipulation was intended as an exploratory element to this study exploring potential impacts of napping on executive functions.Compared to healthy participants, participants with MCI exhibited inferior performance not only in identifying encoded WM items but also on item-location associative binding and location precision even when only one item was involved. We also found changes on TMT and Stroop tasks in MCI, reflecting inferior attention and inhibitory control. Post-napping performance improved in most of these WM and other executive measures, both in MCI and their healthy peers.Our study shows that associative binding and WM precision can reliably differentiate MCIs from their healthy peers. Additionally, most measures showed no differential effect of group pre- and post-napping. These findings may contribute to better understanding cognitive deficits in MCI therefore improving the diagnosis of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Jia
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Steven Woltering
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Mariëlle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly S Coyle
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Maria R Maio
- Nuffield Dept of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Experimental Psychology and Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- Nuffield Dept of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Experimental Psychology and Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhong-Xu Liu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
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Kim J, Keye SA, Pascual-Abreu M, Khan NA. Effects of an acute bout of cycling on different domains of cognitive function. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 283:21-66. [PMID: 38538189 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The literature suggesting acute exercise benefits cognitive function has been largely confined to single cognitive domains and measures of reliant on measures of central tendencies. Furthermore, studies suggest cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) to reflect cognitive efficiency and provide unique insights into cognitive function, but there is limited knowledge on the effects of acute exercise on IIV. To this end, this study examined the effects of acute exercise on three different cognitive domains, executive function, implicit learning, and hippocampal-dependent memory function using behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERPs). Furthermore, this study also sought to explore the effects of an acute bout of exercise on IIV using the RIDE algorithm to separate signals into individuals components based on latency variability. Healthy adult participants (N=20; 26.3±4.8years) completed a randomized cross-over trial with seated rest or 30min of high intensity cycling. Before and after each condition, participants completed a cognitive battery consisting of the Eriksen Flanker task, implicit statistical learning task, and a spatial reconstruction task. While exercise did not affect Flanker or spatial reconstruction performance, there were exercise related decreases in accuracy (F=5.47; P=0.040), slowed reaction time (F=5.18; P=0.036), and decreased late parietal positivity (F=4.26; P=0.046). However, upon adjusting for performance and ERP variability, there were exercise related decreases in Flanker reaction time (F=24.00; P<0.001), and reduced N2 amplitudes (F=13.03; P=0.002), and slower P3 latencies (F=3.57; P=0.065) for incongruent trials. These findings suggest that acute exercise may impact cognitive IIV as an adaptation to maintain function following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoon Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Shelby A Keye
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Melannie Pascual-Abreu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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Sarma R, Willis N, Holthaus TA, Cannavale CN, Gibbs HD, Khan N. Memory Abilities Are Selectively Related to Food Label and Numeracy Nutrition Skills. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:861-868. [PMID: 37921796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship between nutrition literacy, diet quality, carotenoid status, and cognition. METHODS Adults aged 37.5 ± 17.0 years (n = 52) completed the 42-item Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument (NLit). The Dietary History Questionnaire III was analyzed to determine the Healthy Eating Index. Skin carotenoids were assessed as a diet quality biomarker. Selective attention, relational memory, and pattern separation abilities were assessed using the flanker, spatial reconstruction, and mnemonic similarity tasks, respectively. Statistical adjustments included age, sex, education, and body mass index. RESULTS No correlations were observed for NLit scores and NLit subscales with Healthy Eating Index and skin carotenoid status. However, the NLit's food label and numeracy subscale was related to greater pattern separation abilities (ρ = 0.33, r2 = 0.11, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Comprehension of food labels and numeracy information was associated with memory abilities. Future work is needed to test whether targeting working memory and attentional processes during memory retrieval in larger samples may facilitate the acquisition of nutrition knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Sarma
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Nathaniel Willis
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Tori A Holthaus
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | | | - Heather D Gibbs
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Naiman Khan
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
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Peng M, Lovos A, Bottrill K, Hughes K, Sampsel M, Lee NR, Abbeduto L, Thurman AJ, Edgin J. Extended trajectory of spatial memory errors in typical and atypical development: The role of binding and precision. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1171-1188. [PMID: 37706613 PMCID: PMC10638674 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial reconstruction, a method for evaluating how individuals remember the placement of objects, has traditionally been evaluated through the aggregate estimation of placement errors. However, this approach may obscure the nature of task errors. Specifically, recent data has suggested the importance of examining the precision of responses, as well as absolute performance on item-context bindings. In contrast to traditional analysis approaches based on the distance between the target and the reconstructed item, in this study we further explored three types of errors (swap error, global error, and local distance) that may all contribute to the distance, with particular emphasis on swap errors and local distance due to their associations with item-context bindings and memory precision, respectively. We examined these errors in children aged 3-18 years, making comparisons between children with typical development (TD) and children with Down syndrome (DS), a population with known memory challenges. As expected, older children outperformed younger children in terms of overall memory accuracy. Of importance is that we measured uneven maturational trajectories of memory abilities across the various error types. Specifically, both remembered locations (irrespective of object identity) and swap errors (object-location binding errors) align with the overall memory accuracy. Memory precision, as measured by local distance in simpler set size 2 trials, mirrored overall memory accuracy. However, for more complex set size 3 trials, local distance remained stable before age 8 and showed age-related change thereafter. The group with DS showed reduced precision compared to a TD matched group, and measures of precision, and to a lesser extent binding errors, correlated with standard neuropsychological outcomes. Overall, our study contributed to a fine-grained understanding of developing spatial memory ability in a large sample of typical developing children and a memory impaired population. These findings contribute to a growing body of research examining precision as a key factor in memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomiao Peng
- Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Annalysa Lovos
- Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Kenneth Bottrill
- Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Katharine Hughes
- Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Miranda Sampsel
- Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Nancy Raitano Lee
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, USA
| | - Angela John Thurman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, USA
| | - Jamie Edgin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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Tinney EM, Loui P, Raine LB, Hiscox LV, Delgorio PL, Kramer MK, Schwarb H, Martens CR, Kramer AF, Hillman CH, Johnson CL. Influence of mild cognitive impairment and body mass index on white matter integrity assessed by diffusion tensor imaging. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14306. [PMID: 37038273 PMCID: PMC10524314 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease, is characterized by decreased memory and cognition, which are linked to degenerative changes in the brain. To assess whether white matter (WM) integrity is compromised in MCI, we collected diffusion-weighted images from 60 healthy older adults (OA) (69.16 ± 0.7) and 20 older adults with amnestic MCI (72.45 ± 1.9). WM integrity differences were examined using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). We hypothesized that those with MCI would have diminished WM integrity relative to OA. In a whole-brain comparison, those with MCI showed higher axial diffusivity in the splenium (SCC) and body of the corpus callosum (BCC), superior corona radiata (SCR), and the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule (RLIC) (p's < .05 TFCE-corrected). Additionally, significant between-group connectivity differences were observed using probabilistic tractography between the SCC, chosen from the TBSS results, and forceps major and minor (p-value's < .05). To further relate a physical health indicator to WM alterations, linear regression showed significant interactions between cognitive status and body mass index (BMI) on diffusivity outcome measures from probabilistic tractography (p-value-'s < .05). Additionally, we examined the association between relational memory, BMI, and WM integrity. WM integrity was positively associated with relational memory performance. These findings suggest that these regions may be more sensitive to early markers of neurodegenerative disease and health behaviors, suggesting that modifiable lifestyle factors may affect white matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Tinney
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology
- Northeastern University, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health
| | - Psyche Loui
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology
- Northeastern University, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health
| | - Lauren B. Raine
- Northeastern University, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health
- Northeastern University, Department of Physical Therapy Movement Rehabilitation Sciences
- Northeastern University, Department of Medicinal Sciences
| | - Lucy V. Hiscox
- University of Delaware, Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | | | - Mary K. Kramer
- University of Delaware, Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Hillary Schwarb
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
| | | | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology
- Northeastern University, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health
- Northeastern University, Department of Physical Therapy Movement Rehabilitation Sciences
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Martinčević M, Vranić A. Don't disturb my circles: The effect of fine arts training on visuospatial ability in students. Mem Cognit 2023:10.3758/s13421-023-01446-y. [PMID: 37491652 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Origami, drawing and colouring are artistic activities that can be beneficial for cognitive abilities or emotional well-being. However, there is a lack of studies that would investigate and compare these activities and their effects within the spatial abilities' domain. The aim of this study was to investigate if and how participating in three artistic activities-colouring, drawing or origami-can enhance spatial abilities. A total of 73 young adults participated in one of the three activities organized as a 7-session training, distributed every third day. Measures of spatial abilities (Spatial Reconstruction Task [SRT]), Mental Rotation Task [MRT]), Santa Barbara Solids Task [SBST]), and Corsi Block Tapping Task [Corsi]) were administered before (pretest) and after (posttest) the training, as well as at the 6-month follow-up). The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) was administered at the posttest. The results showed no significant interaction between the training group and the measurement time point for the spatial ability tasks. Nevertheless, effect sizes at posttest favor origami and drawing in enhancing more complex spatial abilities (MRT for origami and drawing; SBST for origami; Corsi for drawing), and colouring in strengthening spatial perception (SRT). Some effects have remained for a longer period of time. Origami led to a greater pressure and tension, and colouring to higher interest and enjoyment. These results suggest that artistic activities can potentially contribute to the strengthening of spatial abilities, but it is advised to presented them in a way that reduces frustration and increase participant's enjoyment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martinčević
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lucića 3, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Andrea Vranić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lucića 3, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Lucas HD, Daugherty AM, McAuley E, Kramer AF, Cohen NJ. Dynamic interactions between memory and viewing behaviors: Insights from dyadic modeling of eye movements. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2023; 49:786-801. [PMID: 37166935 PMCID: PMC10621599 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans use eye movements to build visual memories. We investigated how the contributions of specific viewing behaviors to memory formation evolve over individual study epochs. We used dyadic modeling to explain performance on a spatial reconstruction task based on interactions among two gaze measures: (a) the entropy of the scanpath and (b) the frequency of item-to-item gaze transitions. To measure these interactions, our hypothesized model included causal pathways by which early-trial viewing behaviors impacted subsequent memory via downstream effects on later viewing. We found that lower scanpath entropy throughout the trial predicted better memory performance. By contrast, the effect of item-to-item transition frequency changed from negative to positive as the trial progressed. The model also revealed multiple pathways by which early-trial viewing dynamically altered late-trial viewing, thereby impacting memory indirectly. Finally, individual differences in scores on an independent measure of memory ability were found to predict viewing effectiveness, and viewing behaviors partially mediated the relation between memory ability and reconstruction accuracy. In a second experiment, the model showed a good fit for an independent dataset. These results highlight the dynamic nature of memory formation and suggest that the order in which eye movements occur can critically determine their effectiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. Lucas
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Edward McAuley
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Neal J. Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
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Varela V, Evdokimidis I, Potagas C. Binding objects to their spatiotemporal context: Age gradient and neuropsychological correlates of What-Where-When task performance. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:214-226. [PMID: 34053387 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1924719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A number of recent studies have shown that the ability to accurately recall bound object and spatiotemporal aspects of an experienced event develops gradually in children and is greatly impaired in the elderly, reflecting developmental discontinuities in the integrity of the underlying medial temporal lobe network. Using a novel What-Where-When (WWW) visuospatial reconstruction task, the experiential memory performance of a group of healthy older adults (aged 60-80) was compared to that of a group of younger adults (aged 20-40). Both groups were equated on their general cognitive ability, their executive functioning, and on the presence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptomatology. As hypothesized, the performance of the older adults in the binding task was significantly lower, with younger participants recalling three times the amount of bound object and spatiotemporal triads than their older counterparts. Psychomotor speed was found to be lower in older adults and was the only neuropsychological index to significantly affect success on the WWW binding task. Based on this and other relevant studies, the selective associative memory impairment obtained using a non-verbal What-Where-When paradigm emerges as a marker for the detection of early pre-clinical signs of experiential memory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Varela
- Eginition Hospital, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Evdokimidis
- Eginition Hospital, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin Potagas
- Eginition Hospital, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Čepukaitytė G, Thom JL, Kallmayer M, Nobre AC, Zokaei N. The Relationship between Short- and Long-Term Memory Is Preserved across the Age Range. Brain Sci 2023; 13:106. [PMID: 36672087 PMCID: PMC9856639 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both short- and long-term memories decline with healthy ageing. The aims of the current study were twofold: firstly, to build on previous studies and investigate the presence of a relationship between short- and long-term memories and, secondly, to examine cross-sectionally whether there are changes in this relationship with age. In two experiments, participants across the age range were tested on contextual-spatial memories after short and long memory durations. Experimental control in stimulus materials and task demands enabled the analogous encoding and probing for both memory durations, allowing us to examine the relationship between the two memory systems. Across two experiments, in line with previous studies, we found both short-term memory and long-term memory declined from early to late adulthood. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between short- and long-term memory performance, which, interestingly, persisted throughout the age range. Our findings suggest a significant degree of common vulnerability to healthy ageing for short- and long-term memories sharing the same spatial-contextual associations. Furthermore, our tasks provide a sensitive and promising framework for assessing and comparing memory function at different timescales in disorders with memory deficits at their core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedrė Čepukaitytė
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Jude L. Thom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Melvin Kallmayer
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anna C. Nobre
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Nahid Zokaei
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
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11
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Delgorio PL, Hiscox LV, Daugherty AM, Sanjana F, McIlvain G, Pohlig RT, McGarry MDJ, Martens CR, Schwarb H, Johnson CL. Structure-Function Dissociations of Human Hippocampal Subfield Stiffness and Memory Performance. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7957-7968. [PMID: 36261271 PMCID: PMC9617610 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0592-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and neurodegenerative diseases lead to decline in thinking and memory ability. The subfields of the hippocampus (HCsf) play important roles in memory formation and recall. Imaging techniques sensitive to the underlying HCsf tissue microstructure can reveal unique structure-function associations and their vulnerability in aging and disease. The goal of this study was to use magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), a noninvasive MR imaging-based technique that can quantitatively image the viscoelastic mechanical properties of tissue to determine the associations of HCsf stiffness with different cognitive domains across the lifespan. Eighty-eight adult participants completed the study (age 23-81 years, male/female 36/51), in which we aimed to determine which HCsf regions most strongly correlated with different memory performance outcomes and if viscoelasticity of specific HCsf regions mediated the relationship between age and performance. Our results revealed that both interference cost on a verbal memory task and relational memory task performance were significantly related to cornu ammonis 1-2 (CA1-CA2) stiffness (p = 0.018 and p = 0.011, respectively), with CA1-CA2 stiffness significantly mediating the relationship between age and interference cost performance (p = 0.031). There were also significant associations between delayed free verbal recall performance and stiffness of both the dentate gyrus-cornu ammonis 3 (DG-CA3; p = 0.016) and subiculum (SUB; p = 0.032) regions. This further exemplifies the functional specialization of HCsf in declarative memory and the potential use of MRE measures as clinical biomarkers in assessing brain health in aging and disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hippocampal subfields are cytoarchitecturally unique structures involved in distinct aspects of memory processing. Magnetic resonance elastography is a technique that can noninvasively image tissue viscoelastic mechanical properties, potentially serving as sensitive biomarkers of aging and neurodegeneration related to functional outcomes. High-resolution in vivo imaging has invigorated interest in determining subfield functional specialization and their differential vulnerability in aging and disease. Applying MRE to probe subfield-specific cognitive correlates will indicate that measures of subfield stiffness can determine the integrity of structures supporting specific domains of memory performance. These findings will further validate our high-resolution MRE method and support the potential use of subfield stiffness measures as clinical biomarkers in classifying aging and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton L Delgorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Lucy V Hiscox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Faria Sanjana
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713
| | - Grace McIlvain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Ryan T Pohlig
- Biostatistics Core Facility, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713
| | - Matthew D J McGarry
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Christopher R Martens
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713
| | - Hillary Schwarb
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Curtis L Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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12
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Raucher-Chéné D, Lavigne KM, Lepage M. Episodic Memory and Schizophrenia: From Characterization of Relational Memory Impairments to Neuroimaging Biomarkers. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 63:115-136. [PMID: 35902545 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory research in schizophrenia has a long history already which has clearly established significant impairments and strong associations with brain measures and functional outcome. The purpose of this chapter is not to make an exhaustive review of the recent literature but to highlight some relatively recent developments in the cognitive neuroscience field of episodic memory and schizophrenia. Hence, we present a contemporary view focusing specifically of relational memory which represents a form of episodic memory that refers to associations or binding among items or elements presented together. We describe the major tasks used and illustrate how their combination with brain imaging has: (1) favored the use of experimental memory tasks to isolate specific processes with specific neural correlates, (2) led to a distributed view of the neural correlates of memory impairments in schizophrenia where multiple regions are contributing, and (3) made possible the identification of fMRI biomarkers specific to episodic memory. We then briefly propose what we see as the next steps for memory research in schizophrenia so that the impact of this work can be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Raucher-Chéné
- Cognition, Health, and Society Laboratory (EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Academic Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Reims, EPSM Marne, Reims, France
| | - Katie M Lavigne
- Douglas Research Centre, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Douglas Research Centre, Verdun, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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13
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Dulas MR, Morrow EL, Schwarb H, Cohen NJ, Duff MC. Temporal order memory impairments in individuals with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:210-225. [PMID: 35876336 PMCID: PMC9422773 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Temporal order memory is a core cognitive function that underlies much of our behavior. The ability to bind together information within and across events, and to reconstruct that sequence of information, critically relies upon the hippocampal relational memory system. Recent work has suggested traumatic brain injury (TBI) may particularly impact hippocampally mediated relational memory. However, it is currently unclear whether such deficits extend to temporal order memory, and whether deficits only arise at large memory loads. The present study assessed temporal order memory in individuals with chronic, moderate-severe TBI across multiple set sizes. METHOD Individuals with TBI and Neurotypical Comparison participants studied sequences of three to nine objects, one a time. At test, all items were re-presented in pseudorandom order, and participants indicated the temporal position (i.e., first, second, etc.) in which each object had appeared. Critically, we assessed both the frequency and the magnitude of errors (i.e., how far from its studied position was an item remembered). RESULTS Individuals with TBI were not impaired for the smallest set size, but showed significant impairments at 5+ items. Group differences in the error frequency did not increase further with larger set sizes, but group differences in error magnitude did increase with larger memory loads. Individuals with TBI showed spared performance for the first object of each list (primacy) but were impaired on the last object (recency), though error frequency was better for last compared to middle items. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that TBI results in impaired temporal order memory for lists as small as five items, and that impairments are exacerbated with increasing memory loads. Assessments that test only small set sizes may be insufficient to detect these deficits. Further, these data highlight the importance of additional, sensitive measures in the assessment of cognitive impairments in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Dulas
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana (IL)
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana (IL)
| | - Emily L. Morrow
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (TN)
| | - Hillary Schwarb
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana (IL)
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institutes, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana (IL)
| | - Neal J. Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana (IL)
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institutes, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana (IL)
| | - Melissa C. Duff
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (TN)
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14
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Boran E, Hilfiker P, Stieglitz L, Sarnthein J, Klaver P. Persistent neuronal firing in the medial temporal lobe supports performance and workload of visual working memory in humans. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119123. [PMID: 35321857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in working memory is controversially discussed. Recent findings suggest that persistent neural firing in the hippocampus during maintenance in verbal working memory is associated with workload. Here, we recorded single neuron firing in 13 epilepsy patients (7 male) while they performed a visual working memory task. The number of coloured squares in the stimulus set determined the workload of the trial. Performance was almost perfect for low workload (1 and 2 squares) and dropped at high workload (4 and 6 squares), suggesting that high workload exceeded working memory capacity. We identified maintenance neurons in MTL neurons that showed persistent firing during the maintenance period. More maintenance neurons were found in the hippocampus for trials with correct compared to incorrect performance. Maintenance neurons increased and decreased firing in the hippocampus and increased firing in the entorhinal cortex for high compared to low workload. Population firing predicted workload particularly during the maintenance period. Prediction accuracy of workload based on single-trial activity during maintenance was strongest for neurons in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. The data suggest that persistent neural firing in the MTL reflects a domain-general process of maintenance supporting performance and workload of multiple items in working memory below and beyond working memory capacity. Persistent neural firing during maintenance in the entorhinal cortex may be associated with its preference to process visual-spatial arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Boran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lennart Stieglitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sarnthein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Klaver
- University of Teacher Education in Special Needs, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, UK.
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15
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Hermiller MS, Dave S, Wert SL, VanHaerents S, Riley M, Weintraub S, Mesulam MM, Voss JL. Evidence from theta-burst stimulation that age-related de-differentiation of the hippocampal network is functional for episodic memory. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 109:145-157. [PMID: 34740076 PMCID: PMC8671378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory is supported by hippocampal interactions with a distributed network. Aging is associated with memory decline and network de-differentiation. However, the role of de-differentiation in memory decline has not been directly tested. We reasoned that hippocampal network-targeted stimulation could test these theories, as age-related changes in the network response to stimulation would indicate network reorganization, and corresponding changes in memory would suggest that this reorganization is functional. We compared effects of stimulation on fMRI connectivity and memory in younger versus older adults. Theta-burst network-targeted stimulation of left lateral parietal cortex selectively increased hippocampal network connectivity and modulated memory in younger adults. In contrast, stimulation in older adults increased connectivity throughout the brain, without network selectivity, and did not influence memory. These findings provide evidence that network responses to stimulation are de-differentiated in aging and suggest that age-related de-differentiation is relevant for memory. This manuscript is part of the Special Issue entitled "Cognitive Neuroscience of Healthy and Pathological Aging" edited by Drs. M. N. Rajah, S. Belleville, and R. Cabeza. This article is part of the Virtual Special Issue titled COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF HEALTHY AND PATHOLOGICAL AGING. The full issue can be found on ScienceDirect at https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neurobiology-of-aging/special-issue/105379XPWJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S. Hermiller
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY,Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY,Corresponding author: Molly S. Hermiller, 615 West 131st Street, Studebaker, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10027,
| | - Shruti Dave
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephanie L. Wert
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephen VanHaerents
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Michaela Riley
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - M.-Marsel Mesulam
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL,Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Joel L. Voss
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL,Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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16
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Borders AA, Ranganath C, Yonelinas AP. The hippocampus supports high-precision binding in visual working memory. Hippocampus 2021; 32:217-230. [PMID: 34957640 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that the hippocampus is critical for long-term episodic memory, but a growing body of research suggests that it also plays a critical role in supporting memory over very brief delays as measured in tests of working memory (WM). However, the circumstances under which the hippocampus is necessary for WM and the specific processes that it supports remain controversial. We propose that the hippocampus supports WM by binding together high-precision properties of an event, and we test this claim by examining the precision of color-location bindings in a visual WM task in which participants report the precise color of studied items using a continuous color wheel. Amnestic patients with hippocampal damage were significantly impaired at retrieving these colors after a 1-s delay, and these impairments reflected a reduction in the precision of those memories rather than increases in total memory failures or binding errors. Moreover, a parallel fMRI study in healthy subjects revealed that neural activity in the head and body of the hippocampus was directly related to the precision of visual WM decisions. Together, these results indicate that the hippocampus is critical in complex high-precision binding that supports memory over brief delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Borders
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrew P Yonelinas
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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17
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Twick M, Levy DA. Fractionating the episodic buffer. Brain Cogn 2021; 154:105800. [PMID: 34563762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The episodic buffer is a putative component of working memory proposed to account for several short-term memory functions, including unexpectedly preserved immediate prose recall by amnesic patients. Over the course of time, this component has increasingly become associated with binding functions. Considering recent findings regarding the performance of both memory-impaired and healthy individuals on the range of tasks purported to require the contribution of the episodic buffer, we suggest that it should be fractionated into two functional systems. One is a schematic store instantiated in brain areas responsible for conceptual and schema representations, which is likely to be hippocampus-independent, and preserved in the face of amnesia. In contrast, short-term maintenance of novel associative binding is likely to require the contribution of the hippocampus and may therefore not be functionally dissociable from long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Twick
- Ashkelon Academic College, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel
| | - Daniel A Levy
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel.
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18
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Hiscox LV, Schwarb H, McGarry MDJ, Johnson CL. Aging brain mechanics: Progress and promise of magnetic resonance elastography. Neuroimage 2021; 232:117889. [PMID: 33617995 PMCID: PMC8251510 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging techniques that can sensitivity characterize healthy brain aging and detect subtle neuropathologies have enormous potential to assist in the early detection of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has recently emerged as a reliable, high-resolution, and especially sensitive technique that can noninvasively characterize tissue biomechanical properties (i.e., viscoelasticity) in vivo in the living human brain. Brain tissue viscoelasticity provides a unique biophysical signature of neuroanatomy that are representative of the composition and organization of the complex tissue microstructure. In this article, we detail how progress in brain MRE technology has provided unique insights into healthy brain aging, neurodegeneration, and structure-function relationships. We further discuss additional promising technical innovations that will enhance the specificity and sensitivity for brain MRE to reveal considerably more about brain aging as well as its potentially valuable role as an imaging biomarker of neurodegeneration. MRE sensitivity may be particularly useful for assessing the efficacy of rehabilitation strategies, assisting in differentiating between dementia subtypes, and in understanding the causal mechanisms of disease which may lead to eventual pharmacotherapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy V Hiscox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St. Newark, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Hillary Schwarb
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Curtis L Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St. Newark, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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19
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Warren DE, Rangel AJ, Christopher-Hayes NJ, Eastman JA, Frenzel MR, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Wang YP, Wilson TW. Resting-state functional connectivity of the human hippocampus in periadolescent children: Associations with age and memory performance. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3620-3642. [PMID: 33978276 PMCID: PMC8249892 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is necessary for declarative (relational) memory, and the ability to form hippocampal‐dependent memories develops through late adolescence. This developmental trajectory of hippocampal‐dependent memory could reflect maturation of intrinsic functional brain networks, but resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) of the human hippocampus is not well‐characterized for periadolescent children. Measuring hippocampal rs‐FC in periadolescence would thus fill a gap, and testing covariance of hippocampal rs‐FC with age and memory could inform theories of cognitive development. Here, we studied hippocampal rs‐FC in a cross‐sectional sample of healthy children (N = 96; 59 F; age 9–15 years) using a seed‐based approach, and linked these data with NIH Toolbox measures, the Picture‐Sequence Memory Test (PSMT) and the List Sorting Working Memory Test (LSWMT). The PSMT was expected to rely more on hippocampal‐dependent memory than the LSWMT. We observed hippocampal rs‐FC with an extensive brain network including temporal, parietal, and frontal regions. This pattern was consistent with prior work measuring hippocampal rs‐FC in younger and older samples. We also observed novel, regionally specific variation in hippocampal rs‐FC with age and hippocampal‐dependent memory but not working memory. Evidence consistent with these findings was observed in a second, validation dataset of similar‐age healthy children drawn from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopment Cohort. Further, a cross‐dataset analysis suggested generalizable properties of hippocampal rs‐FC and covariance with age and memory. Our findings connect prior work by describing hippocampal rs‐FC and covariance with age and memory in typically developing periadolescent children, and our observations suggest a developmental trajectory for brain networks that support hippocampal‐dependent memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Warren
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anthony J Rangel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Jacob A Eastman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michaela R Frenzel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, Nebraska, USA
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20
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Holden MP, Hampson E. Endogenous variation in estradiol in women affects the weighting of metric and categorical information in spatial location memory. Horm Behav 2021; 128:104909. [PMID: 33279507 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has suggested that sex differences may exist in the strategies or types of cues that are utilized by men and women to remember discrete spatial locations or routes through a visual environment. The current study investigated the effects of circulating estradiol levels in women on the relative weighting of categorical versus fine-grained 'metric' information in a test of short-term memory for spatial locations, either presented within a simple geometric surround (a circular enclosure) or within more visually complex landscape scenes. Patterns of displacement error in the point location estimates made by men and women were analyzed. Results confirmed a sex difference in the weighting of metric versus categorical cues. Relative to men, women's estimates of locations were more strongly biased toward the center of the surrounding category (i.e., toward the category 'prototype'). Furthermore, objective measures of estradiol via saliva collected at the time of memory testing showed that, among naturally-cycling women, estradiol concentrations correlated in a positive, graded, fashion with the degree of emphasis that women placed on categorical information when estimating point locations. No associations were found for progesterone. These findings are consistent with a wider body of research showing that biological sex and reproductive hormone levels, including 17β-estradiol, can subtly influence performance on certain spatial tasks. This is the first study to show that circulating estradiol levels may influence the relative emphasis placed on categorical versus metric cues when remembering simple point locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Holden
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 3V1, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Hampson
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 3V1, Canada
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21
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Should context hold a special place in hippocampal memory? PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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D'Ardenne K, Savage CR, Small D, Vainik U, Stoeckel LE. Core Neuropsychological Measures for Obesity and Diabetes Trials: Initial Report. Front Psychol 2020; 11:554127. [PMID: 33117225 PMCID: PMC7557362 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.554127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are known to be related to cognitive abilities. The Core Neuropsychological Measures for Obesity and Diabetes Trials Project aimed to identify the key cognitive and perceptual domains in which performance can influence treatment outcomes, including predicting, mediating, and moderating treatment outcome and to generate neuropsychological batteries comprised of well-validated, easy-to-administer tests that best measure these key domains. The ultimate goal is to facilitate inclusion of neuropsychological measures in clinical studies and trials so that we can gather more information on potential mediators of obesity and diabetes treatment outcomes. We will present the rationale for the project and three options for the neuropsychological batteries to satisfy varying time and other administration constraints. Future directions are discussed. Preprint version of the document is available at https://osf.io/preprints/nutrixiv/7jygx/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberlee D'Ardenne
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Cary R Savage
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Dana Small
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center (MDPRC), Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luke E Stoeckel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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23
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Gothe NP, Erlenbach ED, Streeter SL, Lehovec L. Effects of yoga, aerobic, and stretching and toning exercises on cognition in adult cancer survivors: protocol of the STAY Fit pilot randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:792. [PMID: 32933561 PMCID: PMC7493165 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer survivors experience compromised quality of life due to impaired cognitive function as a result of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Although exercise has proven to be effective in improving cognitive function across the lifespan, interventions comprehensively testing the effectiveness for cancer survivors are limited. The STAY Fit Trial is a three-armed pilot randomized controlled trial designed to compare the effects of a 12-week yoga, aerobic walking, and stretch and tone intervention on cognitive function among adult cancer survivors. Methods This pilot study aims to recruit 75 adult cancer survivors who will complete assessments of cognitive function, cardiovascular fitness, physical activity, and psychosocial measures at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. The aims of STAY Fit are (1) to assess the efficacy of yoga to improve cognitive function among cancer survivors, compared to aerobic exercise and an active control group; (2) to examine changes in cardiovascular fitness as a result of the interventions; and (3) to assess changes in quality of life among our population as a result of the exercise interventions. Discussion The STAY Fit Trial will test the effectiveness of yoga, aerobic exercise, and stretching and toning exercises in improving cognitive function and fitness among adult cancer survivors. The results of this pilot study will enable us to understand the most effective physical activity modality to improve cognitive function in this population and potentially combat cancer-related cognitive impairment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03650322. Registered on 28 August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha P Gothe
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Emily D Erlenbach
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Samuel L Streeter
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Linda Lehovec
- Department of Dance, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, USA
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24
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Avery SN, Armstrong K, McHugo M, Vandekar S, Blackford JU, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Relational Memory in the Early Stage of Psychosis: A 2-Year Follow-up Study. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:75-86. [PMID: 32657351 PMCID: PMC7825006 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relational memory, the ability to bind information into complex memories, is moderately impaired in early psychosis and severely impaired in chronic schizophrenia, suggesting relational memory may worsen throughout the course of illness. METHODS We examined relational memory in 66 early psychosis patients and 64 healthy control subjects, with 59 patients and 52 control subjects assessed longitudinally at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Relational memory was assessed with 2 complementary tasks, to test how individuals learn relationships between items (face-scene binding task) and make inferences about trained relationships (associative inference task). RESULTS The early psychosis group showed impaired relational memory in both tasks relative to the healthy control group. The ability to learn relationships between items remained impaired in early psychosis patients, while the ability to make inferences about trained relationships improved, although never reaching the level of healthy control performance. Early psychosis patients who did not progress to schizophrenia at follow-up had better relational memory than patients who did. CONCLUSIONS Relational memory impairments, some of which improve and are less severe in patients who do not progress to schizophrenia, are a target for intervention in early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Simon Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Room 3060, Nashville, TN 37212; tel: (615)-322-2665, fax: (615)-343-8400, e-mail:
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25
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Pavisic IM, Suarez-Gonzalez A, Pertzov Y. Translating Visual Short-Term Memory Binding Tasks to Clinical Practice: From Theory to Practice. Front Neurol 2020; 11:458. [PMID: 32587567 PMCID: PMC7297911 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna M Pavisic
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aida Suarez-Gonzalez
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoni Pertzov
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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26
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Daugherty AM, Schwarb HD, McGarry MDJ, Johnson CL, Cohen NJ. Magnetic Resonance Elastography of Human Hippocampal Subfields: CA3-Dentate Gyrus Viscoelasticity Predicts Relational Memory Accuracy. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:1704-1713. [PMID: 32379003 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is necessary for binding and reconstituting information in relational memory. These essential memory functions are supported by the distinct cytoarchitecture of the hippocampal subfields. Magnetic resonance elastography is an emerging tool that provides sensitive estimates of microstructure vis-à-vis tissue mechanical properties. Here, we report the first in vivo study of human hippocampal subfield viscoelastic stiffness and damping ratio. Stiffness describes resistance of a viscoelastic tissue to a stress and is thought to reflect the relative composition of tissue at the microscale; damping ratio describes relative viscous-to-elastic behavior and is thought to generally reflect microstructural organization. Measures from the subiculum (combined with presubiculum and parasubiculum), cornu ammonis (CA) 1-2, and CA3-dentate gyrus (CA3-DG) were collected in a sample of healthy, cognitively normal men (n = 20, age = 18-33 years). In line with known cytoarchitecture, the subiculum demonstrated the lowest damping ratio, followed by CA3-DG and then combined CA1-CA2. Moreover, damping ratio of the CA3-DG-potentially reflective of number of cells and their connections-predicted relational memory accuracy and alone replicated most of the variance in performance that was explained by the whole hippocampus. Stiffness did not differentiate the hippocampal subfields and was unrelated to task performance in this sample. Viscoelasticity measured with magnetic resonance elastography appears to be sensitive to microstructural properties relevant to specific memory function, even in healthy younger adults, and is a promising tool for future studies of hippocampal structure in aging and related diseases.
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Sadeh T, Pertzov Y. Scale-invariant Characteristics of Forgetting: Toward a Unifying Account of Hippocampal Forgetting across Short and Long Timescales. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 32:386-402. [PMID: 31659923 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
After over 100 years of relative silence in the cognitive literature, recent advances in the study of the neural underpinnings of memory-specifically, the hippocampus-have led to a resurgence of interest in the topic of forgetting. This review draws a theoretically driven picture of the effects of time on forgetting of hippocampus-dependent memories. We review evidence indicating that time-dependent forgetting across short and long timescales is reflected in progressive degradation of hippocampal-dependent relational information. This evidence provides an important extension to a growing body of research accumulated in recent years, showing that-in contrast to the once prevailing view that the hippocampus is exclusively involved in memory and forgetting over long timescales-the role of the hippocampus also extends to memory and forgetting over short timescales. Thus, we maintain that similar rules govern not only remembering but also forgetting of hippocampus-dependent information over short and long timescales.
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28
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Cutler RA, Duff MC, Polyn SM. Searching for Semantic Knowledge: A Vector Space Semantic Analysis of the Feature Generation Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:341. [PMID: 31680903 PMCID: PMC6797818 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent neuropsychological study found that amnesic patients with hippocampal damage (HP) and severe declarative memory impairment produce markedly fewer responses than healthy comparison (CO) participants in a semantic feature generation task (Klooster and Duff, 2015), consistent with the idea that hippocampal damage is associated with semantic cognitive deficits. Participants were presented with a target word and asked to produce as many features of that word as possible (e.g., for target word "book," "read words on a page"). Here, we use the response sequences collected by Klooster and Duff (2015) to develop a vector space model of semantic search. We use this model to characterize the dynamics of semantic feature generation and consider the role of the hippocampus in this search process. Both HP and CO groups tended to initiate the search process with features close in semantic space to the target word, with a gradual decline in similarity to the target word over the first several responses. Adjacent features in the response sequence showed stronger similarity to each other than to non-adjacent features, suggesting that the search process follows a local trajectory in semantic space. Overall, HP patients generated features that were closer in semantic space to the representation of the target word, as compared to the features generated by the CO group, which ranged more widely in semantic space. These results are consistent with a model in which a compound retrieval cue (containing a representation of the target word and a representation of the previous response) is used to probe semantic memory. The model suggests that the HP group's search process is restricted from ranging as far in semantic space from the target word, relative to the CO group. These results place strong constraints on the structure of models of semantic memory search, and on the role of hippocampus in probing semantic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Cutler
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Melissa C. Duff
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sean M. Polyn
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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29
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Rigon A, Schwarb H, Klooster N, Cohen NJ, Duff MC. Spatial relational memory in individuals with traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2019; 42:14-27. [PMID: 31475607 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2019.1659755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Relational memory is the ability to bind arbitrary relations between elements of experience into durable representations and the flexible expression of these representations. It is well known that individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have declarative memory impairments, but less is known about how TBI affects relational memory binding, the deficit at the heart of declarative, or relational, memory impairment. The aim of the current study is to examine such deficits.Method: We used a spatial reconstruction task (SRT) with 29 individuals with TBI and 23 normal comparison (NC) participants to investigate four different types of spatial relations: (A) identity-location relations, i.e., the relationship between a specific item and its known location; (B) item-item relations, or the relationship between one item and another; (C) item-display relations, or the relationship between an item and its position in the display; and (D) compound-item relations, i.e., relations that involve combinations of A, B, and C.Results: Our data revealed that individuals with TBI showed impairments in learning identity-location relations and increased compound errors compared to NCs. We also found evidence that when item identity is disregarded, individuals with TBI do not perform differently from NCs. An exploratory analysis revealed that while relational memory performance was significantly correlated with scores on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), more participants with TBI exhibited impairment on the SRT than of the CVLT.Conclusions: Our findings show that relational memory is impaired following TBI, and provide preliminary evidence for an easy-to-administer task with increased sensitivity to memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Rigon
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Communication Disorders, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Hillary Schwarb
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nathaniel Klooster
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Melissa C Duff
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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30
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Sahakyan L, Kwapil TR, Lo Y, Jiang L. Examination of relational memory in multidimensional schizotypy. Schizophr Res 2019; 211:36-43. [PMID: 31383512 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the first study to examine the association of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy with relational memory. Relational memory refers to memory for relations among multiple elements of an experience, and this form of episodic memory is different from memory for individual elements themselves. Using a cornerstone task from the neurocognitive literature that is designed specifically to assess relational memory, we found that negative schizotypy, but not positive or disorganized schizotypy, is associated with impaired relational memory performance. The deficit was observed both in poorer accuracy and slower response time. The results demonstrate the importance of examining schizotypy as a multidimensional construct, and indicate that using a total schizotypy score both obscures the nature of the association with various dimensions of schizotypy and also explains only half of the variance accounted for by taking into consideration the multidimensionality of schizotypy. These results add to previous findings that negative schizotypy is associated with a wide array of episodic memory deficits linked to impairment in retrieval and processing of contextual information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sahakyan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America.
| | - Thomas R Kwapil
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Yipei Lo
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Lydia Jiang
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
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31
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Cole RC, Hazeltine E, Weng TB, Wharff C, DuBose LE, Schmid P, Sigurdsson G, Magnotta VA, Pierce GL, Voss MW. Cardiorespiratory fitness and hippocampal volume predict faster episodic associative learning in older adults. Hippocampus 2019; 30:143-155. [PMID: 31461198 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Declining episodic memory is common among otherwise healthy older adults, in part due to negative effects of aging on hippocampal circuits. However, there is significant variability between individuals in severity of aging effects on the hippocampus and subsequent memory decline. Importantly, variability may be influenced by modifiable protective physiological factors such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). More research is needed to better understand which aspects of cognition that decline with aging benefit most from CRF. The current study evaluated the relation of CRF with learning rate on the episodic associative learning (EAL) task, a task designed specifically to target hippocampal-dependent relational binding and to evaluate learning with repeated occurrences. Results show higher CRF was associated with faster learning rate. Larger hippocampal volume was also associated with faster learning rate, though hippocampal volume did not mediate the relationship between CRF and learning rate. Furthermore, to support the distinction between learning item relations and learning higher-order sequences, which declines with aging but is largely reliant on extra-hippocampal learning systems, we found learning rate on the EAL task was not related to motor sequence learning on the alternating serial reaction time task. Motor sequence learning was also not correlated with hippocampal volume. Thus, for the first time, we show that both higher CRF and larger hippocampal volume in healthy older adults are related to enhanced rate of relational memory acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Cole
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Eliot Hazeltine
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Timothy B Weng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Conner Wharff
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lyndsey E DuBose
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Phillip Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gardar Sigurdsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gary L Pierce
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michelle W Voss
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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32
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Hassevoort KM, Khan NA, Hillman CH, Cohen NJ. Differential development of relational memory and pattern separation. Hippocampus 2019; 30:210-219. [PMID: 31369174 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have taken a number of different approaches in their exploration of hippocampal function. One approach seeks to describe hippocampal function by probing the memory representations that the hippocampus supports. Another approach focuses on the role of the hippocampus in pattern separation and completion. Each of these approaches to understanding hippocampal function utilizes a distinct set of specialized tasks, and both of these task sets are known to be sensitive to changes in hippocampal function with age and disease status. But the question remains whether the tasks utilized in these two approaches tap into the same aspects of hippocampal function. We explored this question in the context of hippocampal development. Preadolescent children (N = 73) and young adults (N = 41) completed an identical battery of cognitive tasks consisting of a spatial reconstruction relational memory task, the mnemonic similarity task (MST)-an object-based pattern separation task, and a novel hybrid task-the Object Discrimination and Distribution (ODD) Task-designed to integrate and simultaneously tax pattern separation and spatial relational memory. Children did not demonstrate impairments in lure discrimination relative to young adults on either the object-based pattern separation task or for aspects of the ODD task that required pattern separation in the absence of relational memory demands but performed more poorly across aspects of tasks that required relational binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Hassevoort
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Center for Brain Plasticity, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Center for Brain Plasticity, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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33
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Involvement of hippocampal subfields and anterior-posterior subregions in encoding and retrieval of item, spatial, and associative memories: Longitudinal versus transverse axis. Neuroimage 2019; 191:568-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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34
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Voss MW, Soto C, Yoo S, Sodoma M, Vivar C, van Praag H. Exercise and Hippocampal Memory Systems. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:318-333. [PMID: 30777641 PMCID: PMC6422697 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
No medications prevent or reverse age-related cognitive decline. Physical activity (PA) enhances memory in rodents, but findings are mixed in human studies. As a result, exercise guidelines specific for brain health are absent. Here, we re-examine results from human studies, and suggest the use of more sensitive tasks to evaluate PA effects on age-related changes in the hippocampus, such as relational memory and mnemonic discrimination. We discuss recent advances from rodent and human studies into the underlying mechanisms at both the central and peripheral levels, including neurotrophins and myokines that could contribute to improved memory. Finally, we suggest guidelines for future research to help expedite well-founded PA recommendations for the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Carmen Soto
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neuroplasticity, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Seungwoo Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Matthew Sodoma
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carmen Vivar
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neuroplasticity, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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35
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Zokaei N, Nour MM, Sillence A, Drew D, Adcock J, Stacey R, Voets N, Sen A, Husain M. Binding deficits in visual short-term memory in patients with temporal lobe lobectomy. Hippocampus 2019; 29:63-67. [PMID: 30069971 PMCID: PMC6492115 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Classical views of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) have established that it plays a crucial role in long-term memory (LTM). Here we demonstrate, in a sample of patients who have undergone anterior temporal lobectomy for the treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, that the MTL additionally plays a specific, causal role in short-term memory (STM). Patients (n=22) and age-matched healthy control participants (n=26) performed a STM task with a sensitive continuous report measure. This paradigm allowed us to examine recall memory for object identity, location and object-location binding, independently on a trial-by-trial basis. Our findings point to a specific involvement of MTL in object-location binding, but, crucially, not retention of either object identity or location. Therefore the MTL appears to perform a specific computation: binding disparate features that belong to a memory. These results echo findings from previous studies, which have identified a role for the MTL in relational binding for LTM, and support the proposal that MTL regions perform such a function for both STM and LTM, independent of the retention duration. Furthermore, these findings and the methodology employed here may provide a simple, sensitive and clinically valuable means to test memory dysfunuction in MTL disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Zokaei
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Matthew M. Nour
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and NeuroscienceKings College LondonLondonUK
| | - Annie Sillence
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Daniel Drew
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jane Adcock
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Richard Stacey
- Oxford University HospitalsNHS Foundation Trust, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Natalie Voets
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Arjune Sen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Epilepsy Research GroupOxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Masud Husain
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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36
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Relational memory is associated with academic achievement in preadolescent children. Trends Neurosci Educ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Nilakantan AS, Bridge DJ, VanHaerents S, Voss JL. Distinguishing the precision of spatial recollection from its success: Evidence from healthy aging and unilateral mesial temporal lobe resection. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:101-106. [PMID: 30086364 PMCID: PMC6191347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Successful episodic recollection can vary in the precision of the information recalled. The hypothesis that recollection precision requires functional neuroanatomical contributions distinct from those required for recollection success remains controversial. Some findings in individuals with hippocampal lesions have indicated that precision is dependent on the hippocampus. However, other neuroimaging and lesion studies have implicated regions outside of the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) in precision, such as parietal cortex. To further elucidate distinctions of recollection precision versus success, we examined whether they were differentially sensitive to aging and to unilateral MTL lesions. Precision and success were measured using a novel task that required memory for item-location associations across different spatial contexts. We found impairments in recollection precision, but not success, in older adults (59-80 years) relative to younger adults (18-33 years). Recollection precision was also selectively impaired in individuals with unilateral MTL resections made to treat refractory epilepsy. Moreover, recollection precision was significantly worse when resections included the hippocampus compared to when only non-hippocampal MTL tissue was resected. These findings suggest that the MTL is critically involved in the high-resolution binding required to support spatial recollection precision, and thus provide evidence for functional neuroanatomical differences between recollection success and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha S Nilakantan
- Department of Medical Social Sciences and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Donna J Bridge
- Department of Medical Social Sciences and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stephen VanHaerents
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joel L Voss
- Department of Medical Social Sciences and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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38
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Kranz MB, Voss MW, Cooke GE, Banducci SE, Burzynska AZ, Kramer AF. The cortical structure of functional networks associated with age-related cognitive abilities in older adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204280. [PMID: 30240409 PMCID: PMC6150534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age and cortical structure are both associated with cognition, but characterizing this relationship remains a challenge. A popular approach is to use functional network organization of the cortex as an organizing principle for post-hoc interpretations of structural results. In the current study, we introduce two complimentary approaches to structural analyses that are guided by a-priori functional network maps. Specifically, we systematically investigated the relationship of cortical structure (thickness and surface area) of distinct functional networks to two cognitive domains sensitive to age-related decline thought to rely on both common and distinct processes (executive function and episodic memory) in older adults. We quantified the cortical structure of individual functional network's predictive ability and spatial extent (i.e., number of significant regions) with cognition and its mediating role in the age-cognition relationship. We found that cortical thickness, rather than surface area, predicted cognition across the majority of functional networks. The default mode and somatomotor network emerged as particularly important as they appeared to be the only two networks to mediate the age-cognition relationship for both cognitive domains. In contrast, thickness of the salience network predicted executive function and mediated the age-cognition relationship for executive function. These relationships remained significant even after accounting for global cortical thickness. Quantifying the number of regions related to cognition and mediating the age-cognition relationship yielded similar patterns of results. This study provides a potential approach to organize and describe the apparent widespread regional cortical structural relationships with cognition and age in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Kranz
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Michelle W. Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Gillian E. Cooke
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Banducci
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka Z. Burzynska
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies/ Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Departments of Psychology and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
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39
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Lucas HD, Duff MC, Cohen NJ. The Hippocampus Promotes Effective Saccadic Information Gathering in Humans. J Cogn Neurosci 2018; 31:186-201. [PMID: 30188777 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the hippocampus is critical for memory. Recent evidence suggests that one function of hippocampal memory processing is to optimize how people actively explore the world. Here we demonstrate that the link between the hippocampus and exploration extends even to the moment-to-moment use of eye movements during visuospatial memory encoding. In Experiment 1, we examined relationships between study-phase eye movements in healthy individuals and subsequent performance on a spatial reconstruction test. In addition to quantitative measures of viewing behaviors (e.g., how many fixations or saccades were deployed during study), we used the information-theoretic measure of entropy to assess the amount of randomness or disorganization in participants' scanning behaviors. We found that the use of scanpaths during study that were lower in entropy (e.g., more organized, less random) predicted more accurate spatial reconstruction both within and between participants. Scanpath entropy was a better predictor of reconstruction accuracy than were the quantitative measures of viewing. In Experiment 2, we found that individuals with hippocampal amnesia tended to engage in viewing patterns that were higher in entropy (less organized) relative to healthy comparisons. These findings reveal a critical role of the hippocampus in guiding eye movement exploration to optimize visuospatial relational memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Lucas
- Louisiana State University.,University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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40
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Irvine MA, Scholey A, King R, Gillings R, Vauzour D, Demichele SJ, Das T, Wesnes KA, Sutton BP, Cassidy A, Pipingas A, Potter JF, Johnson G, White D, Larsen R, Cohen NJ, Minihane AM. The Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis (CANN) trial: Design and progress. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:591-601. [PMID: 30426067 PMCID: PMC6222033 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis trial hypothesizes that a combined intervention with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3) and cocoa flavan-3-ols (FLAV) will mitigate the cognitive decline anticipated to naturally occur over 1 year in older adults. Methods In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel design, 259 individuals with mild cognitive impairment or subjective memory impairment were randomized to a control or n-3 FLAV group (1.5 g docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid and 500 mg n-3 FLAV daily) for 12 months. Cognition was measured at 0, 3, and 12 months. The primary end-point is hippocampus-sensitive cognitive function (e.g., number of false-positives on the Picture Recognition Task of the Cognitive Drug Research test battery). Secondary outcomes include additional cognitive measures, brain atrophy and blood flow (assessed by magnetic resonance imaging), vascular function, circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular and cognitive health, gut microflora, red blood cell fatty acid status, and urine flavan-3-ol metabolites. Results Screening began in 2015, with all baseline visits completed in March 2017. The intervention was finished in March 2018. Discussion Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis aims to identify an effective diet-based intervention to prevent or delay cognitive impairment in cognitively at-risk individuals, which could ultimately contribute to a reduced population burden of dementia. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02525198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Irvine
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca King
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Stephen J Demichele
- Strategic Research and Development, Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tapas Das
- Strategic Research and Development, Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Keith A Wesnes
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Brad P Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbane, IL, USA.,Centre for Nutrition Learning and Memory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbane, IL, USA
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - John F Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Glyn Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - David White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan Larsen
- Strategic Research and Development, Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Strategic Research and Development, Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbane, IL, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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41
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Wuethrich S, Hannula DE, Mast FW, Henke K. Subliminal encoding and flexible retrieval of objects in scenes. Hippocampus 2018; 28:633-643. [PMID: 29704287 PMCID: PMC6282531 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Our episodic memory stores what happened when and where in life. Episodic memory requires the rapid formation and flexible retrieval of where things are located in space. Consciousness of the encoding scene is considered crucial for episodic memory formation. Here, we question the necessity of consciousness and hypothesize that humans can form unconscious episodic memories. Participants were presented with subliminal scenes, that is, scenes invisible to the conscious mind. The scenes displayed objects at certain locations for participants to form unconscious object-in-space memories. Later, the same scenes were presented supraliminally, that is, visibly, for retrieval testing. Scenes were presented absent the objects and rotated by 90°-270° in perspective to assess the representational flexibility of unconsciously formed memories. During the test phase, participants performed a forced-choice task that required them to place an object in one of two highlighted scene locations and their eye movements were recorded. Evaluation of the eye tracking data revealed that participants remembered object locations unconsciously, irrespective of changes in viewing perspective. This effect of gaze was related to correct placements of objects in scenes, and an intuitive decision style was necessary for unconscious memories to influence intentional behavior to a significant degree. We conclude that conscious perception is not mandatory for spatial episodic memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Wuethrich
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern 3012, Switzerland.,Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Deborah E Hannula
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 224 Garland Hall, 2441 Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
| | - Fred W Mast
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern 3012, Switzerland.,Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Henke
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern 3012, Switzerland.,Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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42
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Lee JC. Episodic memory retrieval in adolescents with and without developmental language disorder (DLD). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2018; 53:271-281. [PMID: 29119716 PMCID: PMC5835159 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two reasons may explain the discrepant findings regarding declarative memory in developmental language disorder (DLD) in the literature. First, standardized tests are one of the primary tools used to assess declarative memory in previous studies. It is possible they are not sensitive enough to subtle memory impairment. Second, the system underlying declarative memory is complex, and thus results may vary depending on the types of encoding and retrieval processes measured (e.g., item specific or relational) and/or task demands (e.g., recall or recognition during memory retrieval). AIMS To adopt an experimental paradigm to examine episodic memory functioning in adolescents with and without DLD, with the focus on memory recognition of item-specific and relational information. METHODS & PROCEDURES Two groups of adolescents, one with DLD (n = 23; mean age = 16.73 years) and the other without (n = 23; mean age = 16.75 years), participated in the study. The Relational and Item-Specific Encoding (RISE) paradigm was used to assess the effect of different encoding processes on episodic memory retrieval in DLD. The advantage of using the RISE task is that both item-specific and relational encoding/retrieval can be examined within the same learning paradigm. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Adolescents with DLD and those with typical language development showed comparable engagement during the encoding phase. The DLD group showed significantly poorer item recognition than the comparison group. Associative recognition was not significantly different between the two groups; however, there was a non-significant trend for to be poorer in the DLD group than in the comparison group, suggesting a possible impairment in associative recognition in individuals with DLD, but to a lesser magnitude. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS These results indicate that adolescents with DLD have difficulty with episodic memory retrieval when stimuli are encoded and retrieved without support from contextual information. Associative recognition is relatively less affected than item recognition in adolescents with DLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Lee
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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43
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Horecka KM, Dulas MR, Schwarb H, Lucas HD, Duff M, Cohen NJ. Reconstructing relational information. Hippocampus 2018; 28:164-177. [PMID: 29232494 PMCID: PMC5877827 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal involvement in learning and remembering relational information has an extensive history, often focusing specifically on spatial information. In humans, spatial reconstruction (SR) paradigms are a powerful tool for evaluating an individuals' spatial-relational memory. In SR tasks, participants study locations of items in space and subsequently reconstruct the studied display after a short delay. Previous work has revealed that patients with hippocampal damage are impaired both in overall placement accuracy as well as on a specific measure of relational memory efficacy, "swaps" (i.e., when the relative location of two items is reversed). However, the necessity of the hippocampus for other types of spatial-relational information involved in reconstruction behaviors (e.g., where in the environment and relative to which other items an item was located) have not yet been investigated systematically. In this work, three patients with hippocampal damage and nine healthy matched comparison participants performed an SR task. An analysis framework was developed to independently assess three first-order types of relations: (1) memory for the binding of specific item identities to locations, (2) memory for arrangement of items in relation to each other or the environment bounds, regardless of memory for the item identity, and (3) higher-order, compound relational errors (i.e., errors involving multiple pieces of relational information). Reconstruction errors were evaluated to determine the degree to which patients and comparisons differed (or not) on each type of spatial-relational information. Data revealed that the primary group difference in performance was for identity-location information. However, when the locations of items were evaluated without regarding the identities, no group difference was found in the number of item placements to studied locations. The present work provides a principled approach to analysis of SR data and clarifies our understanding of the types of spatial relations impaired in hippocampal damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Horecka
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael R Dulas
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Hillary Schwarb
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Heather D Lucas
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
| | - Melissa Duff
- Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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44
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Stillman CM, Uyar F, Huang H, Grove GA, Watt JC, Wollam ME, Erickson KI. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with enhanced hippocampal functional connectivity in healthy young adults. Hippocampus 2018; 28:239-247. [PMID: 29341303 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Consistent associations have been found between higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and indices of enhanced brain health and function, including behavioral measures of cognition as well as neuroimaging indicators such as regional brain volume. Several studies have reported that higher CRF levels are associated with a larger hippocampus, yet associations between volume and memory or functional connectivity metrics remain poorly understood. Using a multi-modal framework, we hierarchically examine the association between CRF and hippocampal volume and resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in younger adults, as well as their relationship between with memory function. We conducted theoretically-driven analyses with seeds in the anterior and posterior hippocampus, as well as control seeds in the caudate nucleus. We tested whether (1) hippocampal connectivity with prefrontal cortical regions was associated with CRF in an adult sample much younger than traditionally tested, (2) associations between CRF and rsFC remain significant after adjusting for volume, and (3) volume and rsFC are related to memory. We found that higher CRF levels were associated with larger anterior hippocampal volume and more positive rsFC of the anterior hippocampus to several regions including the prefrontal cortex. rsFC also accounted for significant variance in CRF, above and beyond volume. CRF can thus be independently linked to increased anterior hippocampal volume, as well as stronger hippocampal rsFC in a population much younger than those typically tested, suggesitng it is critical to maintainig multiple aspects of brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fatma Uyar
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Haiqing Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George A Grove
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer C Watt
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mariegold E Wollam
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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45
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Richmond LL, Zacks JM. Constructing Experience: Event Models from Perception to Action. Trends Cogn Sci 2017; 21:962-980. [PMID: 28899609 PMCID: PMC5694361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mental representations of everyday experience are rich, structured, and multimodal. In this article we consider the adaptive pressures that led to human construction of such representations, arguing that structured event representations enable cognitive systems to more effectively predict the trajectory of naturalistic everyday activity. We propose an account of how cortical systems and the hippocampus (HPC) interact to construct, maintain, and update event representations. This analysis throws light on recent research on story comprehension, event segmentation, episodic memory, and action planning. It also suggests how the growing science base can be deployed to diagnose impairments in event perception and memory, and to improve memory for everyday events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Richmond
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 1 Brookings Drive, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Zacks
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 1 Brookings Drive, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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46
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Neuropsychological Investigations of Human Amnesia: Insights Into the Role of the Medial Temporal Lobes in Cognition. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2017; 23:732-740. [PMID: 29198269 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617717000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past 30 years of research on human amnesia has yielded important changes in our understanding of the role of the medial temporal lobes (MTL) in memory. On the one hand, this body of evidence has highlighted that not all types of memory are impaired in patients with MTL lesions. On the other hand, this research has made apparent that the role of the MTL extends beyond the domain of long-term memory, to include working memory, perception, and future thinking. In this article, we review the discoveries and controversies that have characterized this literature and that set the stage for a new conceptualization of the role of the MTL in cognition. This shift toward a more nuanced understanding of MTL function has direct relevance for a range of clinical disorders in which the MTL is implicated, potentially shaping not only theoretical understanding but also clinical practice. (JINS, 2017, 23, 732-740).
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47
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Manohar SG, Pertzov Y, Husain M. Short-term memory for spatial, sequential and duration information. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2017; 17:20-26. [PMID: 29167809 PMCID: PMC5678495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Analog report methods provide novel insights on STM for space and time. Space and time may be used to bind features in STM. The hippocampus is involved in object-location binding in STM.
Space and time appear to play key roles in the way that information is organized in short-term memory (STM). Some argue that they are crucial contexts within which other stored features are embedded, allowing binding of information that belongs together within STM. Here we review recent behavioral, neurophysiological and imaging studies that have sought to investigate the nature of spatial, sequential and duration representations in STM, and how these might break down in disease. Findings from these studies point to an important role of the hippocampus and other medial temporal lobe structures in aspects of STM, challenging conventional accounts of involvement of these regions in only long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay G Manohar
- Dept Experimental Psychology and Nuffield Dept of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yoni Pertzov
- Dept of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Masud Husain
- Dept Experimental Psychology and Nuffield Dept of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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48
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Dundon NM, Katshu MZUH, Harry B, Roberts D, Leek EC, Downing P, Sapir A, Roberts C, d’Avossa G. Human Parahippocampal Cortex Supports Spatial Binding in Visual Working Memory. Cereb Cortex 2017; 28:3589-3599. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Michael Dundon
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Zia Ul Haq Katshu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bronson Harry
- Bankstown Campus, The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Roberts
- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - E Charles Leek
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Universite Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Downing
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Ayelet Sapir
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Craig Roberts
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, North Wales Brain Injury Service, Colwyn Bay, Conwy, UK
| | - Giovanni d’Avossa
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, North Wales Brain Injury Service, Colwyn Bay, Conwy, UK
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49
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Johnson CL, Telzer EH. Magnetic resonance elastography for examining developmental changes in the mechanical properties of the brain. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 33:176-181. [PMID: 29239832 PMCID: PMC5832528 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a quantitative imaging technique for noninvasively characterizing tissue mechanical properties, and has recently emerged as a valuable tool for neuroimaging. The measured mechanical properties reflect the microstructural composition and organization of neural tissue, and have shown significant effects in many neurological conditions and normal, healthy aging, and evidence has emerged supporting novel relationships between mechanical structure and cognitive function. The sensitivity of MRE to brain structure, function, and health make it an ideal technique for studying the developing brain; however, brain MRE studies on children and adolescents have only just begun. In this article, we review brain MRE and its findings, discuss its potential role in developmental neuroimaging, and provide suggestions for researchers interested in adopting this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis L Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, 235 E Cameron Ave, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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50
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Rubin RD, Schwarb H, Lucas HD, Dulas MR, Cohen NJ. Dynamic Hippocampal and Prefrontal Contributions to Memory Processes and Representations Blur the Boundaries of Traditional Cognitive Domains. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7070082. [PMID: 28704928 PMCID: PMC5532595 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7070082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus has long been known to be a critical component of the memory system involved in the formation and use of long-term declarative memory. However, recent findings have revealed that the reach of hippocampal contributions extends to a variety of domains and tasks that require the flexible use of cognitive and social behavior, including domains traditionally linked to prefrontal cortex (PFC), such as decision-making. In addition, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has gained traction as a necessary part of the memory system. These findings challenge the conventional characterizations of hippocampus and PFC as being circumscribed to traditional cognitive domains. Here, we emphasize that the ability to parsimoniously account for the breadth of hippocampal and PFC contributions to behavior, in terms of memory function and beyond, requires theoretical advances in our understanding of their characteristic processing features and mental representations. Notably, several literatures exist that touch upon this issue, but have remained disjointed because of methodological differences that necessarily limit the scope of inquiry, as well as the somewhat artificial boundaries that have been historically imposed between domains of cognition. In particular, this article focuses on the contribution of relational memory theory as an example of a framework that describes both the representations and processes supported by the hippocampus, and further elucidates the role of the hippocampal–PFC network to a variety of behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael D Rubin
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
- Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Hillary Schwarb
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Heather D Lucas
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Michael R Dulas
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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