1
|
Dolfen N, Reverberi S, Op de Beeck H, King BR, Albouy G. The Hippocampus Represents Information about Movements in Their Temporal Position in a Learned Motor Sequence. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0584242024. [PMID: 39137999 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0584-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Our repertoire of motor skills is filled with sequential movements that need to be performed in a specific order. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether the human hippocampus, a region known to support temporal order in non-motor memory, represents information about the order of sequential motor actions in human participants (both sexes). We also examined such representations in other regions of the motor network (i.e., the premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior superior parietal lobule, and striatum) already known for their critical role in motor sequence learning. Results showed that the hippocampus represents information about movements in their learned temporal position in the sequence, but not about movements or temporal positions in random movement patterns. Other regions of the motor network coded for movements in their learned temporal position, as well as movements and positions in random movement patterns. Importantly, movement coding contributed to sequence learning patterns in primary, supplementary, and premotor cortices but not in striatal and parietal regions. Our findings deepen our understanding of how striatal and cortical regions contribute to motor sequence learning and point to the capacity of the hippocampus to represent movements in their temporal context, an ability possibly explaining its contribution to motor learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dolfen
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10027
| | - Serena Reverberi
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
| | - Hans Op de Beeck
- KU Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
| | - Bradley R King
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Genevieve Albouy
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wehrli JM, Xia Y, Meister L, Tursunova S, Kleim B, Bach DR, Quednow BB. Forget me not: The effect of doxycycline on human declarative memory. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 89:1-9. [PMID: 39217739 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Investigations into neuroprotective drugs are in high demand for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer's disease, but also psychiatric disorders, such as depression, trauma, and substance use. One potential drug class being investigated are tetracyclines impacting on a variety of neuroprotective mechanisms. At the same time, tetracyclines like doxycycline have been suggested to affect human fear and spatial memory as well as reducing declarative memory retention. Based on the assumed necessity for synaptic consolidation in hippocampus-dependent learning, we hypothesised declarative memory may be similarly impaired by doxycycline as fear and spatial memory. Therefore, in this study we investigate the potential diminishing effects of doxycycline on consolidation of declarative memory in healthy humans. Additionally, to test for effect specificity we assessed motor memory, sustained attention, and processing speed. We administered a neuropsychological test battery in three independent randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trials (RCTs), in which healthy young volunteers (total N = 252) either received a single oral dose doxycycline (200 mg, n = 126) or placebo (n = 126) in a between-subject design. We found no evidence for a detrimental effect of doxycycline on declarative memory; instead, doxycycline improved declarative learning (p-value=0.022, Cohen's d=0.15) and memory consolidation (p=0.040, d=0.26). Contrarily, doxycycline slightly reduced motor learning (p=0.001, d=0.10) but subtly strengthened long-term motor memory (p=0.001, d=0.10). These results suggest that doxycycline can improve declarative learning and memory without having long term negative effects on other cognitive domains in healthy humans. Our results give hope to further investigate doxycycline in neuroprotective treatment applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena M Wehrli
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zurich 8032, Switzerland.
| | - Yanfang Xia
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zurich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Laura Meister
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zurich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Sarrina Tursunova
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zurich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Kleim
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zurich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Dominik R Bach
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, Zurich 8032, Switzerland; University of Bonn, Transdisciplinary Research Area "Life and Health", Hertz Chair for Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, Bonn, Germany
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental Pharmacopsychology and Psychological Addiction Research, Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Joint Center of University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ponsford JL, Portelli P, Vakil E, Downing MG. The processing of verbal memories after traumatic brain injury. Clin Neuropsychol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38984770 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2374043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Memory dysfunction is a persistent cognitive symptom following traumatic brain injury (TBI), negatively impacting capacity for independent living and productivity. Traditional scoring of neuropsychological memory tests does not allow for differentiation of specific impairments of encoding, consolidation and/or retrieval, or the potential impact of strategy deficits. Method: The current study examined performance of 142 moderate-to-severe TBI participants and 68 demographically matched healthy controls on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) using Item Specific Data Analysis (ISDA) and strategy use analyses. Results: Results revealed significantly greater impairments in encoding, consolidation, and retrieval in TBI participants, compared to controls. Encoding deficits significantly explained the most variance in the long-delayed recall of TBI participants, followed by consolidation, and then retrieval. Participants with TBI showed a reduced ability to spontaneously apply strategies during learning, evident in decreased subjective clusters and increased word omissions, compared to controls. No difference was found between groups in passive learning strategy application, shown through serial clustering. Spontaneous strategy measures both uniquely accounted for variance in the encoding ability of TBI participants. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential value in using ISDA and strategy use measures to assess RAVLT results to better characterize individual memory profiles and inform rehabilitative interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie L Ponsford
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pagan Portelli
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eli Vakil
- Department of Psychology and Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Marina G Downing
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie Y, Chang H, Zhang Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Chen L, Geng F, Ku Y, Menon V, Chen F. Long-term abacus training gains in children are predicted by medial temporal lobe anatomy and circuitry. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13489. [PMID: 38421061 PMCID: PMC11161333 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) is a widely used educational tool for enhancing math learning, offering an accessible and cost-effective method for classroom implementation. Despite its universal appeal, the neurocognitive mechanisms that drive the efficacy of AMC training remain poorly understood. Notably, although abacus training relies heavily on the rapid recall of number positions and sequences, the role of memory systems in driving long-term AMC learning remains unknown. Here, we sought to address this gap by investigating the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system in predicting long-term AMC training gains in second-grade children, who were longitudinally assessed up to fifth grade. Leveraging multimodal neuroimaging data, we tested the hypothesis that MTL systems, known for their involvement in associative memory, are instrumental in facilitating AMC-induced improvements in math skills. We found that gray matter volume in bilateral MTL, along with functional connectivity between the MTL and frontal and ventral temporal-occipital cortices, significantly predicted learning gains. Intriguingly, greater gray matter volume but weaker connectivity of the posterior parietal cortex predicted better learning outcomes, offering a more nuanced view of brain systems at play in AMC training. Our findings not only underscore the critical role of the MTL memory system in AMC training but also illuminate the neurobiological factors contributing to individual differences in cognitive skill acquisition. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/StVooNRc7T8. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We investigated the role of medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system in driving children's math learning following abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) training. AMC training improved math skills in elementary school children across their second and fifth grade. MTL structural integrity and functional connectivity with prefrontal and ventral temporal-occipital cortices predicted long-term AMC training-related gains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xie
- Bio-X Laboratory, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Center for Brain and Mental Well-being, Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hyesang Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Bio-X Laboratory, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- Bio-X Laboratory, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
- Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, United States
| | - Fengji Geng
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Yixuan Ku
- Center for Brain and Mental Well-being, Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518040, PR China
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Feiyan Chen
- Bio-X Laboratory, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kang JY, Lee JS, Wang JH, Son CG. Sleep deprivation in adolescent mice impairs long-term memory till early adulthood via suppression of hippocampal astrocytes. Sleep 2024:zsae143. [PMID: 38934552 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep deficiency is a rampant issue in modern society, serving as a pathogenic element contributing to learning and memory impairment, with heightened sensitivity observed in children. Clinical observations suggest that learning disabilities associated with insufficient sleep during adolescence can persist through adulthood, but experimental evidence for this is lacking. In this study, we examined the impact of early-life sleep deprivation on both short-term and long-term memory, tracking the effects sequentially into adulthood. We employed a modified multiple platform method (MMPM) mouse model to investigate these outcomes. Sleep deprivation induced over a 14-day period, beginning on postnatal day 28 (PND28) in mice, led to significant impairment in long-term memory (while short-term memory remained unaffected) at PND42. Notably, this dysfunction persisted into adulthood at PND85. The specific impairment observed in long-term memory was elucidated through histopathological alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis, as evidenced by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) signals, observed both at PND42 and PND85. Furthermore, the hippocampal region exhibited significantly diminished protein expressions of astrocyte, characterized by lowered levels of aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a representative molecule involved in brain clearance processes, and reduced protein expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In conclusion, we have presented experimental evidence indicating that sleep deficiency-related impairment of long-term memory in adolescence can endure into adulthood. The corresponding mechanisms may indicate that the modification of astrocyte-related molecules has led to changes in hippocampal neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Kang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Research Center for CFS/ME, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Research Center for CFS/ME, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Research Center for CFS/ME, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Berres S, Erdfelder E, Kuhlmann BG. Does sleep benefit source memory? Investigating 12-h retention intervals with a multinomial modeling approach. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-024-01579-8. [PMID: 38831160 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
For retention intervals of up to 12 h, the active systems consolidation hypothesis predicts that sleep compared to wakefulness strengthens the context binding of memories previously established during encoding. Sleep should thus improve source memory. By comparing retention intervals filled with natural night sleep versus daytime wakefulness, we tested this prediction in two online source-monitoring experiments using intentionally learned pictures as items and incidentally learned screen positions and frame colors as source dimensions. In Experiment 1, we examined source memory by varying the spatial position of pictures on the computer screen. Multinomial modeling analyses revealed a significant sleep benefit in source memory. In Experiment 2, we manipulated both the spatial position and the frame color of pictures orthogonally to investigate source memory for two different source dimensions at the same time, also allowing exploration of bound memory for both source dimensions. The sleep benefit on spatial source memory replicated. In contrast, no source memory sleep benefit was observed for either frame color or bound memory of both source dimensions, probably as a consequence of a floor effect in incidental encoding of color associations. In sum, the results of both experiments show that sleep within a 12-h retention interval improves source memory for spatial positions, supporting the prediction of the active systems consolidation hypothesis. However, additional research is required to clarify the impact of sleep on source memory for other context features and bound memories of multiple source dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Berres
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, L13, 15-17, Room 425, 68161, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Edgar Erdfelder
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, L13, 15-17, Room 425, 68161, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Beatrice G Kuhlmann
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, L13, 15-17, Room 425, 68161, Mannheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mylonas D, Schapiro AC, Verfaellie M, Baxter B, Vangel M, Stickgold R, Manoach DS. Maintenance of Procedural Motor Memory across Brief Rest Periods Requires the Hippocampus. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1839232024. [PMID: 38351000 PMCID: PMC10993031 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1839-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the role of the hippocampus in memory acquisition has generally focused on active learning. But to understand memory, it is at least as important to understand processes that happen offline, during both wake and sleep. In a study of patients with amnesia, we previously demonstrated that although a functional hippocampus is not necessary for the acquisition of procedural motor memory during training session, it is required for its offline consolidation during sleep. Here, we investigated whether an intact hippocampus is also required for the offline consolidation of procedural motor memory while awake. Patients with amnesia due to hippocampal damage (n = 4, all male) and demographically matched controls (n = 10, 8 males) trained on the finger tapping motor sequence task. Learning was measured as gains in typing speed and was divided into online (during task execution) and offline (during interleaved 30 s breaks) components. Amnesic patients and controls showed comparable total learning, but differed in the pattern of performance improvement. Unlike younger adults, who gain speed across breaks, both groups gained speed only while typing. Only controls retained these gains over the breaks; amnesic patients slowed down and compensated for these losses during subsequent typing. In summary, unlike their peers, whose motor performance remained stable across brief breaks in typing, amnesic patients showed evidence of impaired access to motor procedural memory. We conclude that in addition to being necessary for the offline consolidation of motor memories during sleep, the hippocampus maintains access to motor memory across brief offline periods during wake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Mylonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Anna C Schapiro
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Mieke Verfaellie
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02130
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Bryan Baxter
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Mark Vangel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Dara S Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lutz ND, Martínez-Albert E, Friedrich H, Born J, Besedovsky L. Sleep shapes the associative structure underlying pattern completion in multielement event memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314423121. [PMID: 38377208 PMCID: PMC10907255 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314423121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep supports the consolidation of episodic memory. It is, however, a matter of ongoing debate how this effect is established, because, so far, it has been demonstrated almost exclusively for simple associations, which lack the complex associative structure of real-life events, typically comprising multiple elements with different association strengths. Because of this associative structure interlinking the individual elements, a partial cue (e.g., a single element) can recover an entire multielement event. This process, referred to as pattern completion, is a fundamental property of episodic memory. Yet, it is currently unknown how sleep affects the associative structure within multielement events and subsequent processes of pattern completion. Here, we investigated the effects of post-encoding sleep, compared with a period of nocturnal wakefulness (followed by a recovery night), on multielement associative structures in healthy humans using a verbal associative learning task including strongly, weakly, and not directly encoded associations. We demonstrate that sleep selectively benefits memory for weakly associated elements as well as for associations that were not directly encoded but not for strongly associated elements within a multielement event structure. Crucially, these effects were accompanied by a beneficial effect of sleep on the ability to recall multiple elements of an event based on a single common cue. In addition, retrieval performance was predicted by sleep spindle activity during post-encoding sleep. Together, these results indicate that sleep plays a fundamental role in shaping associative structures, thereby supporting pattern completion in complex multielement events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D. Lutz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich80336, Germany
| | - Estefanía Martínez-Albert
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich80336, Germany
| | - Hannah Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
| | - Luciana Besedovsky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich80336, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sherman BE, Turk-Browne NB, Goldfarb EV. Multiple Memory Subsystems: Reconsidering Memory in the Mind and Brain. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2024; 19:103-125. [PMID: 37390333 PMCID: PMC10756937 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231179146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The multiple-memory-systems framework-that distinct types of memory are supported by distinct brain systems-has guided learning and memory research for decades. However, recent work challenges the one-to-one mapping between brain structures and memory types central to this taxonomy, with key memory-related structures supporting multiple functions across substructures. Here we integrate cross-species findings in the hippocampus, striatum, and amygdala to propose an updated framework of multiple memory subsystems (MMSS). We provide evidence for two organizational principles of the MMSS theory: First, opposing memory representations are colocated in the same brain structures; second, parallel memory representations are supported by distinct structures. We discuss why this burgeoning framework has the potential to provide a useful revision of classic theories of long-term memory, what evidence is needed to further validate the framework, and how this novel perspective on memory organization may guide future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth V Goldfarb
- Department of Psychology, Yale University
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University
- National Center for PTSD, West Haven, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Denis D, Cairney SA. Neural reactivation during human sleep. Emerg Top Life Sci 2023; 7:487-498. [PMID: 38054531 PMCID: PMC10754334 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Sleep promotes memory consolidation: the process by which newly acquired memories are stabilised, strengthened, and integrated into long-term storage. Pioneering research in rodents has revealed that memory reactivation in sleep is a primary mechanism underpinning sleep's beneficial effect on memory. In this review, we consider evidence for memory reactivation processes occurring in human sleep. Converging lines of research support the view that memory reactivation occurs during human sleep, and is functionally relevant for consolidation. Electrophysiology studies have shown that memory reactivation is tightly coupled to the cardinal neural oscillations of non-rapid eye movement sleep, namely slow oscillation-spindle events. In addition, functional imaging studies have found that brain regions recruited during learning become reactivated during post-learning sleep. In sum, the current evidence paints a strong case for a mechanistic role of neural reactivation in promoting memory consolidation during human sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Denis
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Scott A. Cairney
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zorzo C, Solares L, Mendez M, Mendez-Lopez M. Hippocampal alterations after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review. Behav Brain Res 2023; 455:114662. [PMID: 37703951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection produces a wide range of symptoms. Some of the structural changes caused by the virus in the nervous system are found in the medial temporal lobe, and several neuropsychological sequelae of COVID-19 are related to the function of the hippocampus. The main objective of the systematic review is to update and further analyze the existing evidence of hippocampal and related cortices' structural and functional alterations due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both clinical and preclinical studies that used different methodologies to explore the effects of this disease at different stages and grades of severity were considered, besides exploring related cognitive and emotional symptomatology. A total of 24 studies were identified by searching in SCOPUS, Web Of Science (WOS), PubMed, and PsycInfo databases up to October 3rd, 2022. Thirteen studies were performed in clinical human samples, 9 included preclinical animal models, 3 were performed post-mortem, and 1 included both post-mortem and preclinical samples. Alterations in the hippocampus were detected in the acute stage and after several months of infection. Clinical studies revealed alterations in hippocampal connectivity and metabolism. Memory alterations correlated with altered metabolic profiles or changes in grey matter volumes. Hippocampal human postmortem and animal studies observed alterations in neurogenesis, dendrites, and immune response, besides high apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Preclinical studies reported the viral load in the hippocampus. Olfactory dysfunction was associated with alterations in brain functionality. Several clinical studies revealed cognitive complaints, neuropsychological alterations, and depressive and anxious symptomatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candela Zorzo
- Neuroscience Institute of Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Lucía Solares
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Marta Mendez
- Neuroscience Institute of Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Mendez-Lopez
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain; IIS Aragón, San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baxter BS, Mylonas D, Kwok KS, Talbot CE, Patel R, Zhu L, Vangel M, Stickgold R, Manoach DS. The effects of closed-loop auditory stimulation on sleep oscillatory dynamics in relation to motor procedural memory consolidation. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad206. [PMID: 37531587 PMCID: PMC11009689 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Healthy aging and many disorders show reduced sleep-dependent memory consolidation and corresponding alterations in non-rapid eye movement sleep oscillations. Yet sleep physiology remains a relatively neglected target for improving memory. We evaluated the effects of closed-loop auditory stimulation during sleep (CLASS) on slow oscillations (SOs), sleep spindles, and their coupling, all in relation to motor procedural memory consolidation. METHODS Twenty healthy young adults had two afternoon naps: one with auditory stimulation during SO upstates and another with no stimulation. Twelve returned for a third nap with stimulation at variable times in relation to SO upstates. In all sessions, participants trained on the motor sequence task prior to napping and were tested afterward. RESULTS Relative to epochs with no stimulation, upstate stimuli disrupted sleep and evoked SOs, spindles, and SO-coupled spindles. Stimuli that successfully evoked oscillations were delivered closer to the peak of the SO upstate and when spindle power was lower than stimuli that failed to evoke oscillations. Across conditions, participants showed similar significant post-nap performance improvement that correlated with the density of SO-coupled spindles. CONCLUSIONS Despite its strong effects on sleep physiology, CLASS failed to enhance motor procedural memory. Our findings suggest methods to overcome this failure, including better sound calibration to preserve sleep continuity and the use of real-time predictive algorithms to more precisely target SO upstates and to avoid disrupting endogenous SO-coupled spindles and their mnemonic function. They motivate continued development of CLASS as an intervention to manipulate sleep oscillatory dynamics and improve memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan S Baxter
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Mylonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kristi S Kwok
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine E Talbot
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudra Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Vangel
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dara S Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumral D, Matzerath A, Leonhart R, Schönauer M. Spindle-dependent memory consolidation in healthy adults: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia 2023; 189:108661. [PMID: 37597610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a central role for sleep spindles in the consolidation of new memories. However, no meta-analysis of the association between sleep spindles and memory performance has been conducted so far. Here, we report meta-analytical evidence for spindle-memory associations and investigate how multiple factors, including memory type, spindle type, spindle characteristics, and EEG topography affect this relationship. The literature search yielded 53 studies reporting 1427 effect sizes, resulting in a small to moderate effect for the average association. We further found that spindle-memory associations were significantly stronger for procedural memory than for declarative memory. Neither spindle types nor EEG scalp topography had an impact on the strength of the spindle-memory relation, but we observed a distinct functional role of global and fast sleep spindles, especially for procedural memory. We also found a moderation effect of spindle characteristics, with power showing the largest effect sizes. Collectively, our findings suggest that sleep spindles are involved in learning, thereby representing a general physiological mechanism for memory consolidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kumral
- Institute of Psychology, Neuropsychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alina Matzerath
- Institute of Psychology, Neuropsychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Rainer Leonhart
- Institute of Psychology, Social Psychology and Methodology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Monika Schönauer
- Institute of Psychology, Neuropsychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany; Bernstein Center Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Miao X, Müller C, Lutz ND, Yang Q, Waszak F, Born J, Rauss K. Sleep consolidates stimulus-response learning. Learn Mem 2023; 30:175-184. [PMID: 37726140 PMCID: PMC10547380 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053753.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Performing a motor response to a sensory stimulus creates a memory trace whose behavioral correlates are classically investigated in terms of repetition priming effects. Such stimulus-response learning entails two types of associations that are partly independent: (1) an association between the stimulus and the motor response and (2) an association between the stimulus and the classification task in which it is encountered. Here, we tested whether sleep supports long-lasting stimulus-response learning on a task requiring participants (1) for establishing stimulus-classification associations to classify presented objects along two different dimensions ("size" and "mechanical") and (2) as motor response (action) to respond with either the left or right index finger. Moreover, we examined whether strengthening of stimulus-classification associations is preferentially linked to nonrapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep and strengthening of stimulus-action associations to REM sleep. We tested 48 healthy volunteers in a between-subjects design comparing postlearning retention periods of nighttime sleep versus daytime wakefulness. At postretention testing, we found that sleep supports consolidation of both stimulus-action and stimulus-classification associations, as indicated by increased reaction times in "switch conditions"; that is, when, at test, the acutely instructed classification task and/or correct motor response for a given stimulus differed from that during original learning. Polysomnographic recordings revealed that both kinds of associations were correlated with non-REM spindle activity. Our results do not support the view of differential roles for non-REM and REM sleep in the consolidation of stimulus-classification and stimulus-action associations, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Miao
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Nicolas D Lutz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Qing Yang
- Université Paris Cité, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 75006, France
| | - Florian Waszak
- Université Paris Cité, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 75006, France
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Karsten Rauss
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deleglise A, Donnelly-Kehoe PA, Yeffal A, Jacobacci F, Jovicich J, Amaro E, Armony JL, Doyon J, Della-Maggiore V. Human motor sequence learning drives transient changes in network topology and hippocampal connectivity early during memory consolidation. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6120-6131. [PMID: 36587288 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the exclusive role of the hippocampus in human declarative learning has been challenged. Recently, we have shown that gains in performance observed in motor sequence learning (MSL) during the quiet rest periods interleaved with practice are associated with increased hippocampal activity, suggesting a role of this structure in motor memory reactivation. Yet, skill also develops offline as memory stabilizes after training and overnight. To examine whether the hippocampus contributes to motor sequence memory consolidation, here we used a network neuroscience strategy to track its functional connectivity offline 30 min and 24 h post learning using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using a graph-analytical approach we found that MSL transiently increased network modularity, reflected in an increment in local information processing at 30 min that returned to baseline at 24 h. Within the same time window, MSL decreased the connectivity of a hippocampal-sensorimotor network, and increased the connectivity of a striatal-premotor network in an antagonistic manner. Finally, a supervised classification identified a low-dimensional pattern of hippocampal connectivity that discriminated between control and MSL data with high accuracy. The fact that changes in hippocampal connectivity were detected shortly after training supports a relevant role of the hippocampus in early stages of motor memory consolidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Deleglise
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | | | - Abraham Yeffal
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Florencia Jacobacci
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Trento, Italy
| | - Edson Amaro
- Plataforma de Imagens na Sala de Autopsia (PISA), Instituto de Radiologia, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Valeria Della-Maggiore
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- School of Science and Technology (ECyT), National University of San Martin, B1650 Villa Lynch, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brodt S, Inostroza M, Niethard N, Born J. Sleep-A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation. Neuron 2023; 111:1050-1075. [PMID: 37023710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Although long-term memory consolidation is supported by sleep, it is unclear how it differs from that during wakefulness. Our review, focusing on recent advances in the field, identifies the repeated replay of neuronal firing patterns as a basic mechanism triggering consolidation during sleep and wakefulness. During sleep, memory replay occurs during slow-wave sleep (SWS) in hippocampal assemblies together with ripples, thalamic spindles, neocortical slow oscillations, and noradrenergic activity. Here, hippocampal replay likely favors the transformation of hippocampus-dependent episodic memory into schema-like neocortical memory. REM sleep following SWS might balance local synaptic rescaling accompanying memory transformation with a sleep-dependent homeostatic process of global synaptic renormalization. Sleep-dependent memory transformation is intensified during early development despite the immaturity of the hippocampus. Overall, beyond its greater efficacy, sleep consolidation differs from wake consolidation mainly in that it is supported, rather than impaired, by spontaneous hippocampal replay activity possibly gating memory formation in neocortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Brodt
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Inostroza
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Niethard
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Werner Reichert Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tóth-Fáber E, Nemeth D, Janacsek K. Lifespan developmental invariance in memory consolidation: evidence from procedural memory. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad037. [PMID: 36896125 PMCID: PMC9991456 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing ontogenetic changes across the lifespan is a crucial tool in understanding neurocognitive functions. While age-related changes in learning and memory functions have been extensively characterized in the past decades, the lifespan trajectory of memory consolidation, a critical function that supports the stabilization and long-term retention of memories, is still poorly understood. Here we focus on this fundamental cognitive function and probe the consolidation of procedural memories that underlie cognitive, motor, and social skills and automatic behaviors. We used a lifespan approach: 255 participants aged between 7 and 76 years performed a well-established procedural memory task in the same experimental design across the whole sample. This task enabled us to disentangle two critical processes in the procedural domain: statistical learning and general skill learning. The former is the ability to extract and learn predictable patterns of the environment, while the latter captures a general speed-up as learning progresses due to improved visuomotor coordination and other cognitive processes, independent of acquisition of the predictable patterns. To measure the consolidation of statistical and general skill knowledge, the task was administered in two sessions with a 24-h delay between them. Here, we report successful retention of statistical knowledge with no differences across age groups. For general skill knowledge, offline improvement was observed over the delay period, and the degree of this improvement was also comparable across the age groups. Overall, our findings reveal age invariance in these two key aspects of procedural memory consolidation across the human lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Tóth-Fáber
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1064 Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1064 Budapest, Hungary.,Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dezso Nemeth
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1064 Budapest, Hungary.,Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Karolina Janacsek
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1064 Budapest, Hungary.,Centre for Thinking and Learning, Institute for Lifecourse Development, School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, Old Royal Naval College, SE10 9LS London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liampas I, Folia V, Ntanasi E, Yannakoulia M, Sakka P, Hadjigeorgiou G, Scarmeas N, Dardiotis E, Kosmidis MH. Longitudinal episodic memory trajectories in older adults with normal cognition. Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 37:304-321. [PMID: 35400289 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2059011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the longitudinal trajectories and normative standards of episodic memory in older adults. METHODS Participants were drawn from the cognitively normal(CN) subgroup of the population-based HELIAD cohort, a fairly representative cohort of the older Greek population. Verbal and non-verbal memory were assessed using the Greek Verbal Learning Test and Medical College of Georgia-Complex Figure Test. Baseline and longitudinal associations of memory performance with age, sex and formal education were explored with linear regression analysis and generalized estimated equations. RESULTS A total of 1607 predominantly female (60%) individuals (73.82 ± 5.43 years), with a mean educational attainment of 8.17(±4.86) years were CN at baseline. Baseline analysis revealed a continuum of memory decline with aging and lower educational attainment. Women performed better in composite and verbal memory measures, while men performed better in non-verbal memory tasks. A subgroup of 761 participants with available assessments after 3.07(±0.82) years remained CN at follow-up. Composite memory scores yearly diminished by an additional 0.007 of a SD for each additional year of age at baseline. Regarding verbal learning, immediate free verbal recall, delayed free verbal recall and delayed cued verbal recall, an additional yearly decrease of 0.107, 0.043, 0.036 and 0.026 words were respectively recorded at follow-up, for each additional year of age at baseline. Women underwent steeper yearly decreases of 0.227 words in delayed cued verbal recall. No significant longitudinal associations emerged for immediate non-verbal memory, delayed non-verbal memory and immediate cued verbal recall. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, aging (but not educational attainment) was consistently associated with steeper verbal memory decline. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2022.2059011 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Folia
- Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eva Ntanasi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Sakka
- Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Marousi, Greece
| | - Georgios Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Mary H Kosmidis
- Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bian R, Huo M, Liu W, Mansouri N, Tanglay O, Young I, Osipowicz K, Hu X, Zhang X, Doyen S, Sughrue ME, Liu L. Connectomics underlying motor functional outcomes in the acute period following stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1131415. [PMID: 36875697 PMCID: PMC9975347 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1131415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Stroke remains the number one cause of morbidity in many developing countries, and while effective neurorehabilitation strategies exist, it remains difficult to predict the individual trajectories of patients in the acute period, making personalized therapies difficult. Sophisticated and data-driven methods are necessary to identify markers of functional outcomes. Methods Baseline anatomical T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI), and diffusion weighted scans were obtained from 79 patients following stroke. Sixteen models were constructed to predict performance across six tests of motor impairment, spasticity, and activities of daily living, using either whole-brain structural or functional connectivity. Feature importance analysis was also performed to identify brain regions and networks associated with performance in each test. Results The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.650 to 0.868. Models utilizing functional connectivity tended to have better performance than those utilizing structural connectivity. The Dorsal and Ventral Attention Networks were among the top three features in several structural and functional models, while the Language and Accessory Language Networks were most commonly implicated in structural models. Conclusions Our study highlights the potential of machine learning methods combined with connectivity analysis in predicting outcomes in neurorehabilitation and disentangling the neural correlates of functional impairments, though further longitudinal studies are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bian
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Huo
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Onur Tanglay
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Xiaorong Hu
- Xijia Medical Technology Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Xijia Medical Technology Company Limited, Shenzhen, China.,International Joint Research Center on Precision Brain Medicine, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Michael E Sughrue
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,International Joint Research Center on Precision Brain Medicine, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
van den Berg NH, Smith D, Fang Z, Pozzobon A, Toor B, Al-Kuwatli J, Ray L, Fogel SM. Sleep strengthens resting-state functional communication between brain areas involved in the consolidation of problem-solving skills. Learn Mem 2023; 30:25-35. [PMID: 36669853 PMCID: PMC9872190 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053638.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sleep consolidates procedural memory for motor skills, and this process is associated with strengthened functional connectivity in hippocampal-striatal-cortical areas. It is unknown whether similar processes occur for procedural memory that requires cognitive strategies needed for problem-solving. It is also unclear whether a full night of sleep is indeed necessary for consolidation to occur, compared with a daytime nap. We examined how resting-state functional connectivity within the hippocampal-striatal-cortical network differs after offline consolidation intervals of sleep, nap, or wake. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired immediately before and after training on a procedural problem-solving task that requires the acquisition of a novel cognitive strategy and immediately prior to the retest period (i.e., following the consolidation interval). ROI to ROI and seed to whole-brain functional connectivity analyses both specifically and consistently demonstrated strengthened hippocampal-prefrontal functional connectivity following a period of sleep versus wake. These results were associated with task-related gains in behavioral performance. Changes in functional communication were also observed between groups using the striatum as a seed. Here, we demonstrate that at the behavioral level, procedural strategies benefit from both a nap and a night of sleep. However, a full night of sleep is associated with enhanced functional communication between regions that support problem-solving skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan Smith
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zhuo Fang
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 7K4, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alyssa Pozzobon
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Balmeet Toor
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Julia Al-Kuwatli
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Laura Ray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 7K4, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Llana T, Mendez M, Zorzo C, Fidalgo C, Juan MC, Mendez-Lopez M. Anosmia in COVID-19 could be associated with long-term deficits in the consolidation of procedural and verbal declarative memories. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1082811. [PMID: 36570827 PMCID: PMC9780694 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1082811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Long-COVID describes the long-term effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In long-COVID patients, neuropsychological alterations are frequently reported symptoms. Research points to medial temporal lobe dysfunction and its association with anosmia in long-COVID patients. This study aims to investigate the acquisition and consolidation of declarative and procedural memory in long-COVID patients and to explore whether anosmia is related to these dissociated memory functions. Methods Forty-two long-COVID participants and 30 controls (C) were recruited. The sample of long-COVID patients was divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of anosmia, group A and group NA, respectively. Objective performance in verbal declarative memory (Paired-Associate Learning, PAL), procedural memory (Mirror Tracing Test, MTT), general cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale), psychomotor speed, and incidental learning (Digit Symbol Substitution Test) were assessed and compared among the A, NA, and C groups. Long-term retention of PAL and MTT were assessed 24 h after acquisition. Results Lower scores in general cognition, psychomotor speed, and sustained attention were found in A and NA compared with C. However, incidental learning, both cue-guided and free-recalled, was diminished in group A compared with C, with no differences with group NA. General cognition and incidental learning were related to declarative memory function exclusively in long-COVID groups. Long-COVID groups presented lower long-term retention of verbal declarative memory than controls in recall tests but no differences in recognition tests. No group differences were found in the acquisition of procedural memory. However, long-term retention of this memory was worse in group A as compared to the NA and C groups, respectively, when errors and time of execution were considered. Conclusion Findings support that consolidation of both procedural and declarative memories is more affected than the acquisition of these memories in long-COVID patients, who are also more vulnerable to deficits in delayed recall than in recognition of declarative memories. Deficits in the consolidation of procedural memory and immediate recall of declarative information are especially relevant in long-COVID participants with anosmia. This indicates that anosmia in COVID-19 could be associated with a long-term dysfunction of the limbic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Llana
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Neuroscience Institute of Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Mendez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Neuroscience Institute of Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,*Correspondence: Marta Mendez,
| | - Candela Zorzo
- Neuroscience Institute of Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Camino Fidalgo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain,IIS Aragón-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M.-Carmen Juan
- Instituto Universitario de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Magdalena Mendez-Lopez
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain,IIS Aragón-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Okadome T, Yamaguchi T, Mukaino T, Sakata A, Ogata K, Shigeto H, Isobe N, Uehara T. The effect of interictal epileptic discharges and following spindles on motor sequence learning in epilepsy patients. Front Neurol 2022; 13:979333. [PMID: 36438951 PMCID: PMC9686303 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.979333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) are known to affect cognitive function in patients with epilepsy, but the mechanism has not been elucidated. Sleep spindles appearing in synchronization with IEDs were recently demonstrated to impair memory consolidation in rat, but this has not been investigated in humans. On the other hand, the increase of sleep spindles at night after learning is positively correlated with amplified learning effects during sleep for motor sequence learning. In this study, we examined the effects of IEDs and IED-coupled spindles on motor sequence learning in patients with epilepsy, and clarified their pathological significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients undergoing long-term video-electroencephalography (LT-VEEG) at our hospital from June 2019 to November 2021 and age-matched healthy subjects were recruited. Motor sequence learning consisting of a finger-tapping task was performed before bedtime and the next morning, and the improvement rate of performance was defined as the sleep-dependent learning effect. We searched for factors associated with the changes in learning effect observed between the periods of when antiseizure medications (ASMs) were withdrawn for LT-VEEG and when they were returned to usual doses after LT-VEEG. RESULTS Excluding six patients who had epileptic seizures at night after learning, nine patients and 11 healthy subjects were included in the study. In the patient group, there was no significant learning effect when ASMs were withdrawn. The changes in learning effect of the patient group during ASM withdrawal were not correlated with changes in sleep duration or IED density; however, they were significantly negatively correlated with changes in IED-coupled spindle density. CONCLUSION We found that the increase of IED-coupled spindles correlated with the decrease of sleep-dependent learning effects of procedural memory. Pathological IED-coupled sleep spindles could hinder memory consolidation, that is dependent on physiological sleep spindles, resulting in cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Okadome
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mukaino
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sakata
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ogata
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigeto
- Division of Medical Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriko Isobe
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taira Uehara
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Singh D, Norman KA, Schapiro AC. A model of autonomous interactions between hippocampus and neocortex driving sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123432119. [PMID: 36279437 PMCID: PMC9636926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123432119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
How do we build up our knowledge of the world over time? Many theories of memory formation and consolidation have posited that the hippocampus stores new information, then "teaches" this information to the neocortex over time, especially during sleep. But it is unclear, mechanistically, how this actually works-How are these systems able to interact during periods with virtually no environmental input to accomplish useful learning and shifts in representation? We provide a framework for thinking about this question, with neural network model simulations serving as demonstrations. The model is composed of hippocampus and neocortical areas, which replay memories and interact with one another completely autonomously during simulated sleep. Oscillations are leveraged to support error-driven learning that leads to useful changes in memory representation and behavior. The model has a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage, where dynamics between the hippocampus and neocortex are tightly coupled, with the hippocampus helping neocortex to reinstate high-fidelity versions of new attractors, and a REM sleep stage, where neocortex is able to more freely explore existing attractors. We find that alternating between NREM and REM sleep stages, which alternately focuses the model's replay on recent and remote information, facilitates graceful continual learning. We thus provide an account of how the hippocampus and neocortex can interact without any external input during sleep to drive useful new cortical learning and to protect old knowledge as new information is integrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhairyya Singh
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kenneth A. Norman
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Anna C. Schapiro
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Two distinct ways to form long-term object recognition memory during sleep and wakefulness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203165119. [PMID: 35969775 PMCID: PMC9407643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203165119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation is promoted by sleep. However, there is also evidence for consolidation into long-term memory during wakefulness via processes that preferentially affect nonhippocampal representations. We compared, in rats, the effects of 2-h postencoding periods of sleep and wakefulness on the formation of long-term memory for objects and their associated environmental contexts. We employed a novel-object recognition (NOR) task, using object exploration and exploratory rearing as behavioral indicators of these memories. Remote recall testing (after 1 wk) confirmed significant long-term NOR memory under both conditions, with NOR memory after sleep predicted by the occurrence of EEG spindle-slow oscillation coupling. Rats in the sleep group decreased their exploratory rearing at recall testing, revealing successful recall of the environmental context. By contrast, rats that stayed awake after encoding showed equally high levels of rearing upon remote testing as during encoding, indicating that context memory was lost. Disruption of hippocampal function during the postencoding interval (by muscimol administration) suppressed long-term NOR memory together with context memory formation when animals slept, but enhanced NOR memory when they were awake during this interval. Testing remote recall in a context different from that during encoding impaired NOR memory in the sleep condition, while exploratory rearing was increased. By contrast, NOR memory in the wake rats was preserved and actually superior to that after sleep. Our findings indicate two distinct modes of long-term memory formation: Sleep consolidation is hippocampus dependent and implicates event-context binding, whereas wake consolidation is impaired by hippocampal activation and strengthens context-independent representations.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hahn MA, Bothe K, Heib D, Schabus M, Helfrich RF, Hoedlmoser K. Slow oscillation-spindle coupling strength predicts real-life gross-motor learning in adolescents and adults. eLife 2022; 11:e66761. [PMID: 35188457 PMCID: PMC8860438 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that precise temporal coordination between slow oscillations (SOs) and sleep spindles indexes declarative memory network development (Hahn et al., 2020). However, it is unclear whether these findings in the declarative memory domain also apply in the motor memory domain. Here, we compared adolescents and adults learning juggling, a real-life gross-motor task. Juggling performance was impacted by sleep and time of day effects. Critically, we found that improved task proficiency after sleep lead to an attenuation of the learning curve, suggesting a dynamic juggling learning process. We employed individualized cross-frequency coupling analyses to reduce inter- and intragroup variability of oscillatory features. Advancing our previous findings, we identified a more precise SO-spindle coupling in adults compared to adolescents. Importantly, coupling precision over motor areas predicted overnight changes in task proficiency and learning curve, indicating that SO-spindle coupling relates to the dynamic motor learning process. Our results provide first evidence that regionally specific, precisely coupled sleep oscillations support gross-motor learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hahn
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Medical Center TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Kathrin Bothe
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Dominik Heib
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Manuel Schabus
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Randolph F Helfrich
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Medical Center TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Kerstin Hoedlmoser
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cocina F, Vitalis A, Caflisch A. Unsupervised Methods for Detection of Neural States: Case Study of Hippocampal-Amygdala Interactions. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0484-20.2021. [PMID: 34544761 PMCID: PMC8577062 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0484-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus and amygdala are functionally coupled brain regions that play a crucial role in processes involving memory and learning. Because interareal communication has been reported both during specific sleep stages and in awake, behaving animals, these brain regions can serve as an archetype to establish that measuring functional interactions is important for comprehending neural systems. To this end, we analyze here a public dataset of local field potentials (LFPs) recorded in rats simultaneously from the hippocampus and amygdala during different behaviors. Employing a specific, time-lagged embedding technique, named topological causality (TC), we infer directed interactions between the LFP band powers of the two regions across six frequency bands in a time-resolved manner. The combined power and interaction signals are processed with our own unsupervised tools developed originally for the analysis of molecular dynamics simulations to effectively visualize and identify putative, neural states that are visited by the animals repeatedly. Our proposed methodology minimizes impositions onto the data, such as isolating specific epochs, or averaging across externally annotated behavioral stages, and succeeds in separating internal states by external labels such as sleep or stimulus events. We show that this works better for two of the three rats we analyzed, and highlight the need to acknowledge individuality in analyses of this type. Importantly, we demonstrate that the quantification of functional interactions is a significant factor in discriminating these external labels, and we suggest our methodology as a general tool for large, multisite recordings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cocina
- Biochemistry department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland CH-8057
| | - Andreas Vitalis
- Biochemistry department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland CH-8057
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Biochemistry department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland CH-8057
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Solano A, Riquelme LA, Perez-Chada D, Della-Maggiore V. Motor Learning Promotes the Coupling between Fast Spindles and Slow Oscillations Locally over the Contralateral Motor Network. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2493-2507. [PMID: 34649283 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies from us and others suggest that traditionally declarative structures mediate some aspects of the encoding and consolidation of procedural memories. This evidence points to the existence of converging physiological pathways across memory systems. Here, we examined whether the coupling between slow oscillations (SO) and spindles, a mechanism well established in the consolidation of declarative memories, is relevant for the stabilization of human motor memories. To this aim, we conducted an electroencephalography study in which we quantified various parameters of these oscillations during a night of sleep that took place immediately after learning a visuomotor adaptation (VMA) task. We found that VMA increased the overall density of fast (≥12 Hz), but not slow (<12 Hz), spindles during nonrapid eye movement sleep, stage 3 (NREM3). This modulation occurred rather locally over the hemisphere contralateral to the trained hand. Although adaptation learning did not affect the density of SOs, it substantially enhanced the number of fast spindles locked to the active phase of SOs. The fact that only coupled spindles predicted overnight memory retention points to the relevance of this association in motor memory consolidation. Our work provides evidence in favor of a common mechanism at the basis of the stabilization of declarative and motor memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Solano
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Luis A Riquelme
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Daniel Perez-Chada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Service, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - Valeria Della-Maggiore
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Samanta A, van Rongen LS, Rossato JI, Jacobse J, Schoenfeld R, Genzel L. Sleep Leads to Brain-Wide Neural Changes Independent of Allocentric and Egocentric Spatial Training in Humans and Rats. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4970-4985. [PMID: 34037203 PMCID: PMC8491695 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is important for memory consolidation and systems consolidation in particular, which is thought to occur during sleep. While there has been a significant amount of research regarding the effect of sleep on behavior and certain mechanisms during sleep, evidence that sleep leads to consolidation across the system has been lacking until now. We investigated the role of sleep in the consolidation of spatial memory in both rats and humans using a watermaze task involving allocentric- and egocentric-based training. Analysis of immediate early gene expression in rodents, combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans, elucidated similar behavioral and neural effects in both species. Sleep had a beneficial effect on behavior in rats and a marginally significant effect in humans. Interestingly, sleep led to changes across multiple brain regions at the time of retrieval in both species and in both training conditions. In rats, sleep led to increased gene expression in the hippocampus, striatum, and prefrontal cortex. In the humans, sleep led to an activity increase in brain regions belonging to the executive control network and a decrease in activity in regions belonging to the default mode network. Thus, we provide cross-species evidence for system-level memory consolidation occurring during sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anumita Samanta
- Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500GL, Netherlands
| | - Laurens S van Rongen
- Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500GL, Netherlands
| | - Janine I Rossato
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, The University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Jacobse
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, The University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robby Schoenfeld
- Institute of Psychology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Lisa Genzel
- Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500GL, Netherlands.,Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, The University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
den Berg van NH, Pozzobon A, Fang Z, Al-Kuwatli J, Toor B, Ray LB, Fogel SM. Sleep Enhances Consolidation of Memory Traces for Complex Problem-Solving Skills. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:653-667. [PMID: 34383034 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep consolidates memory for procedural motor skills, reflected by sleep-dependent changes in the hippocampal-striatal-cortical network. Other forms of procedural skills require the acquisition of a novel strategy to solve a problem, which recruit overlapping brain regions and specialized areas including the caudate and prefrontal cortex. Sleep preferentially benefits strategy and problem-solving skills over the accompanying motor execution movements. However, it is unclear how acquiring new strategies benefit from sleep. Here, participants performed a task requiring the execution of a sequence of movements to learn a novel cognitive strategy. Participants performed this task while undergoing fMRI before and after an interval of either a full night sleep, a daytime nap, or wakefulness. Participants also performed a motor control task, which precluded the opportunity to learn the strategy. In this way, we subtracted motor execution-related brain activations from activations specific to the strategy. The sleep and nap groups experienced greater behavioral performance improvements compared to the wake group on the strategy-based task. Following sleep, we observed enhanced activation of the caudate in addition to other regions in the hippocampal-striatal-cortical network, compared to wakefulness. This study demonstrates that sleep is a privileged time to enhance newly acquired cognitive strategies needed to solve problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N H den Berg van
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - A Pozzobon
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Z Fang
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada.,Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - J Al-Kuwatli
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - B Toor
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - L B Ray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - S M Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada.,Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lam A, Haroutonian C, Grummitt L, Ireland C, Grunstein RR, Duffy S, D'Rozario A, Naismith SL. Sleep-Dependent Memory in Older People With and Without MCI: The Relevance of Sleep Microarchitecture, OSA, Hippocampal Subfields, and Episodic Memory. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2993-3005. [PMID: 33565576 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if, relative to cognitively healthy controls, sleep-dependent memory consolidation (SDMC) is diminished in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a group at high risk of conversion to dementia. We also sought to determine whether SDMC is associated with sleep characteristics, daytime episodic memory, and hippocampal integrity. Participants with MCI (n = 43) and controls (n = 20) underwent clinical and neuropsychological profiling. From polysomnography, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and non-REM sleep spindle characteristics were derived. From magnetic resonance imaging, hippocampal subfield volumes were computed. Participants learned a novel 32-item word-pair prior to sleep; morning retention of the word-pairs was used to determine SDMC. Results showed that SDMC did not differ between MCI and controls, but there was a large effect size decrement in SDMC in those with multiple domain MCI (Hedge's g = 0.85). In MCI, poorer SDMC was correlated with CA1 and CA3 hippocampal atrophy, shorter spindle duration, and worse daytime episodic memory. In controls, poorer SDMC was associated with higher AHI. Impaired daytime memory consolidation, reduced hippocampal volumes, shorter sleep spindles, and greater sleep apnea severity are indicators of diminished SDMC in older adults and should be explored in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lam
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Carla Haroutonian
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Lucy Grummitt
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Catriona Ireland
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence to Optimise Sleep in Brain Ageing and Neurodegeneration (CogSleep CRE), Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Shantel Duffy
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Angela D'Rozario
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.,CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence to Optimise Sleep in Brain Ageing and Neurodegeneration (CogSleep CRE), Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence to Optimise Sleep in Brain Ageing and Neurodegeneration (CogSleep CRE), Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Noack H, Doeller CF, Born J. Sleep strengthens integration of spatial memory systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:162-170. [PMID: 33858969 PMCID: PMC8054676 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053249.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spatial memory comprises different representational systems that are sensitive to different environmental cues, like proximal landmarks or local boundaries. Here we examined how sleep affects the formation of a spatial representation integrating landmark-referenced and boundary-referenced representations. To this end, participants (n = 42) were familiarized with an environment featuring both a proximal landmark and a local boundary. After nocturnal periods of sleep or wakefulness and another night of sleep, integration of the two representational systems was tested by testing the participant's flexibility to switch from landmark-based to boundary-based navigation in the environment, and vice versa. Results indicate a distinctly increased flexibility in relying on either landmarks or boundaries for navigation, when familiarization to the environment was followed by sleep rather than by wakefulness. A second control study (n = 45) did not reveal effects of sleep (vs. wakefulness) on navigation in environments featuring only landmarks or only boundaries. Thus, rather than strengthening isolated representational systems per se, sleep presumably through forming an integrative representation, enhances flexible coordination of representational subsystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Noack
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian F Doeller
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, The Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schneider J, Lewis PA, Koester D, Born J, Ngo HVV. Susceptibility to auditory closed-loop stimulation of sleep slow oscillations changes with age. Sleep 2021; 43:5850478. [PMID: 32562487 PMCID: PMC7734479 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Cortical slow oscillations (SOs) and thalamocortical sleep spindles hallmark slow wave sleep and facilitate memory consolidation, both of which are reduced with age. Experiments utilizing auditory closed-loop stimulation to enhance these oscillations showed great potential in young and older subjects. However, the magnitude of responses has yet to be compared between these age groups. We examined the possibility of enhancing SOs and performance on different memory tasks in a healthy middle-aged population using this stimulation and contrast effects to younger adults. Methods In a within-subject design, 17 subjects (55.7 ± 1.0 years) received auditory stimulation in synchrony with SO up-states, which was compared to a no-stimulation sham condition. Overnight memory consolidation was assessed for declarative word-pairs and procedural finger-tapping skill. Post-sleep encoding capabilities were tested with a picture recognition task. Electrophysiological effects of stimulation were compared to a previous younger cohort (n = 11, 24.2 ± 0.9 years). Results Overnight retention and post-sleep encoding performance of the older cohort revealed no beneficial effect of stimulation, which contrasts with the enhancing effect the same stimulation protocol had in our younger cohort. Auditory stimulation prolonged endogenous SO trains and induced sleep spindles phase-locked to SO up-states in the older population. However, responses were markedly reduced compared to younger subjects. Additionally, the temporal dynamics of stimulation effects on SOs and spindles differed between age groups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the susceptibility to auditory stimulation during sleep drastically changes with age and reveal the difficulties of translating a functional protocol from younger to older populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jules Schneider
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Corresponding authors. Hong-Viet V. Ngo, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ; Penelope A. Lewis, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Dominik Koester
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hong-Viet V Ngo
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Corresponding authors. Hong-Viet V. Ngo, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ; Penelope A. Lewis, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
van Schalkwijk FJ, Gruber WR, Miller LA, Trinka E, Höller Y. Investigating the Effects of Seizures on Procedural Memory Performance in Patients with Epilepsy. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020261. [PMID: 33669626 PMCID: PMC7922212 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory complaints are frequently reported by patients with epilepsy and are associated with seizure occurrence. Yet, the direct effects of seizures on memory retention are difficult to assess given their unpredictability. Furthermore, previous investigations have predominantly assessed declarative memory. This study evaluated within-subject effects of seizure occurrence on retention and consolidation of a procedural motor sequence learning task in patients with epilepsy undergoing continuous monitoring for five consecutive days. Of the total sample of patients considered for analyses (N = 53, Mage = 32.92 ± 13.80 y, range = 18–66 y; 43% male), 15 patients experienced seizures and were used for within-patient analyses. Within-patient contrasts showed general improvements over seizure-free (day + night) and seizure-affected retention periods. Yet, exploratory within-subject contrasts for patients diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 10) showed that only seizure-free retention periods resulted in significant improvements, as no performance changes were observed following seizure-affected retention. These results indicate general performance improvements and offline consolidation of procedural memory during the day and night. Furthermore, these results suggest the relevance of healthy temporal lobe functioning for successful consolidation of procedural information, as well as the importance of seizure control for effective retention and consolidation of procedural memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. van Schalkwijk
- Christian Doppler Medical Centre and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.J.v.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Walter R. Gruber
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience (CCNS), Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Laurie A. Miller
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Central Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Christian Doppler Medical Centre and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.J.v.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Yvonne Höller
- Christian Doppler Medical Centre and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.J.v.S.); (E.T.)
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, 600 Akureyri, Iceland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-044-608-576
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The effects of eszopiclone on sleep spindles and memory consolidation in schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:2189-2197. [PMID: 32919407 PMCID: PMC7785021 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep spindles, defining oscillations of stage 2 non-rapid eye movement sleep (N2), mediate memory consolidation. Schizophrenia is characterized by reduced spindle activity that correlates with impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation. In a small, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of schizophrenia, eszopiclone (Lunesta®), a nonbenzodiazepine sedative hypnotic, increased N2 spindle density (number/minute) but did not significantly improve memory. This larger double-blind crossover study that included healthy controls investigated whether eszopiclone could both increase N2 spindle density and improve memory. Twenty-six medicated schizophrenia outpatients and 29 healthy controls were randomly assigned to have a placebo or eszopiclone (3 mg) sleep visit first. Each visit involved two consecutive nights of high density polysomnography with training on the Motor Sequence Task (MST) on the second night and testing the following morning. Patients showed a widespread reduction of spindle density and, in both groups, eszopiclone increased spindle density but failed to enhance sleep-dependent procedural memory consolidation. Follow-up analyses revealed that eszopiclone also affected cortical slow oscillations: it decreased their amplitude, increased their duration, and rendered their phase locking with spindles more variable. Regardless of group or visit, the density of coupled spindle-slow oscillation events predicted memory consolidation significantly better than spindle density alone, suggesting that they are a better biomarker of memory consolidation. In conclusion, sleep oscillations are promising targets for improving memory consolidation in schizophrenia, but enhancing spindles is not enough. Effective therapies also need to preserve or enhance cortical slow oscillations and their coordination with thalamic spindles, an interregional dialog that is necessary for sleep-dependent memory consolidation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Olivares EI, Urraca AS, Lage-Castellanos A, Iglesias J. Different and common brain signals of altered neurocognitive mechanisms for unfamiliar face processing in acquired and developmental prosopagnosia. Cortex 2020; 134:92-113. [PMID: 33271437 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychological studies have shown that prosopagnosic individuals perceive face structure in an atypical way. This might preclude the formation of appropriate face representations and, consequently, hamper effective recognition. The present ERP study, in combination with Bayesian source reconstruction, investigates how information related to both external (E) and internal (I) features was processed by E.C. and I.P., suffering from acquired and developmental prosopagnosia, respectively. They carried out a face-feature matching task with new faces. E.C. showed poor performance and remarkable lack of early face-sensitive P1, N170 and P2 responses on right (damaged) posterior cortex. Although she presented the expected mismatch effect to target faces in the E-I sequence, it was of shorter duration than in Controls, and involved left parietal, right frontocentral and dorsofrontal regions, suggestive of reduced neural circuitry to process face configurations. In turn, I.P. performed efficiently but with a remarkable bias to give "match" responses. His face-sensitive potentials P1-N170 were comparable to those from Controls, however, he showed no subsequent P2 response and a mismatch effect only in the I-E sequence, reflecting activation confined to those regions that sustain typically the initial stages of face processing. Relevantly, neither of the prosopagnosics exhibited conspicuous P3 responses to features acting as primes, indicating that diagnostic information for constructing face representations could not be sufficiently attended nor deeply encoded. Our findings suggest a different locus for altered neurocognitive mechanisms in the face network in participants with different types of prosopagnosia, but common indicators of a deficient allocation of attentional resources for further recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ela I Olivares
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana S Urraca
- Centro Universitario Cardenal Cisneros, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Lage-Castellanos
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaime Iglesias
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Denis D, Schapiro AC, Poskanzer C, Bursal V, Charon L, Morgan A, Stickgold R. The roles of item exposure and visualization success in the consolidation of memories across wake and sleep. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:451-456. [PMID: 33060281 PMCID: PMC7571267 DOI: 10.1101/lm.051383.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Memory consolidation during sleep does not benefit all memories equally. Initial encoding strength appears to play a role in governing where sleep effects are seen, but it is unclear whether sleep preferentially consolidates weaker or stronger memories. We manipulated encoding strength along two dimensions—the number of item presentations, and success at visualizing each item, in a sample of 82 participants. Sleep benefited memory of successfully visualized items only. Within these, the sleep–wake difference was largest for more weakly encoded information. These results suggest that the benefit of sleep on memory is seen most clearly for items that are encoded to a lower initial strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Denis
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Anna C Schapiro
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Craig Poskanzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Verda Bursal
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Lily Charon
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alexandra Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Marin Bosch B, Bringard A, Logrieco MG, Lauer E, Imobersteg N, Thomas A, Ferretti G, Schwartz S, Igloi K. Effect of acute physical exercise on motor sequence memory. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15322. [PMID: 32948800 PMCID: PMC7501852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute physical exercise improves memory functions by increasing neural plasticity in the hippocampus. In animals, a single session of physical exercise has been shown to boost anandamide (AEA), an endocannabinoid known to promote hippocampal plasticity. Hippocampal neuronal networks encode episodic memory representations, including the temporal organization of elements, and can thus benefit motor sequence learning. While previous work established that acute physical exercise has positive effects on declarative memory linked to hippocampal plasticity mechanisms, its influence on memory for motor sequences, and especially on neural mechanisms underlying possible effects, has been less investigated. Here we studied the impact of acute physical exercise on motor sequence learning, and its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in humans, using a cross-over randomized within-subjects design. We measured behavior, fMRI activity, and circulating AEA levels in fifteen healthy participants while they performed a serial reaction time task before and after a short period of exercise (moderate or high intensity) or rest. We show that exercise enhanced motor sequence memory, significantly for high intensity exercise and tending towards significance for moderate intensity exercise. This enhancement correlated with AEA increase, and dovetailed with local increases in caudate nucleus and hippocampus activity. These findings demonstrate that acute physical exercise promotes sequence learning, thus attesting the overarching benefit of exercise to hippocampus-related memory functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Marin Bosch
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Aurélien Bringard
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Grazia Logrieco
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Lauer
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Imobersteg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guido Ferretti
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kinga Igloi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that gains in performance observed while humans learn a novel motor sequence occur during the quiet rest periods interleaved with practice (micro-offline gains, MOGs). This phenomenon is reminiscent of memory replay observed in the hippocampus during spatial learning in rodents. Whether the hippocampus is also involved in the production of MOGs remains currently unknown. Using a multimodal approach in humans, here we show that activity in the hippocampus and the precuneus increases during the quiet rest periods and predicts the level of MOGs before asymptotic performance is achieved. These functional changes were followed by rapid alterations in brain microstructure in the order of minutes, suggesting that the same network that reactivates during the quiet periods of training undergoes structural plasticity. Our work points to the involvement of the hippocampal system in the reactivation of procedural memories.
Collapse
|
39
|
Manoach DS, Mylonas D, Baxter B. Targeting sleep oscillations to improve memory in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 221:63-70. [PMID: 32014359 PMCID: PMC7316628 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although schizophrenia is defined by waking phenomena, a growing literature documents a deficit in sleep spindles, a defining oscillation of stage 2 non-rapid eye movement sleep. Compelling evidence supports an important role for spindles in cognition, and particularly memory. In schizophrenia, although the spindle deficit correlates with impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation, recent clinical trials find that increasing spindles does not improve memory. This may reflect that sleep-dependent memory consolidation relies not on spindles alone, but also on their precise temporal coordination with cortical slow oscillations and hippocampal sharp-wave ripples. Consequently, interventions to improve memory in schizophrenia must not only increase spindles, but also preserve or enhance slow oscillations, hippocampal ripples and their temporal relations. Because hippocampal ripples and the activity of the thalamic spindle generator are difficult to measure noninvasively, screening potential interventions requires complementary animal and human studies. In this review we (i) propose that sleep oscillations are novel pathophysiological targets for therapy to improve cognition in schizophrenia; (ii) summarize our understanding of how these oscillations interact to consolidate memory; (iii) suggest that a systems neuroscience strategy is essential to selecting and evaluating effective treatments, and illustrate this with findings from clinical trials; and (iv) selectively review the interventional literature relevant to sleep and cognition, covering both pharmacological and noninvasive brain stimulation approaches. We conclude that coordinated sleep oscillations are promising targets for improving cognition in schizophrenia and that effective therapies will need to preserve or enhance sleep oscillatory dynamics and restore function at the network level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dara S Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Dimitrios Mylonas
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bryan Baxter
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hippocampal Volume in Provisional Tic Disorder Predicts Tic Severity at 12-Month Follow-up. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061715. [PMID: 32503289 PMCID: PMC7355974 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated differences in the volumes of subcortical structures (e.g., caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus) between individuals with and without Tourette syndrome (TS), as well as the relationships between these volumes and tic symptom severity. These volumes may also predict clinical outcome in Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD), but that hypothesis has never been tested. This study aimed to examine whether the volumes of subcortical structures measured shortly after tic onset can predict tic symptom severity at one-year post-tic onset, when TS can first be diagnosed. We obtained T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 41 children with PTD (25 with prospective motion correction (vNavs)) whose tics had begun less than 9 months (mean 4.04 months) prior to the first study visit (baseline). We re-examined them at the 12-month anniversary of their first tic (follow-up), assessing tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. We quantified the volumes of subcortical structures using volBrain software. Baseline hippocampal volume was correlated with tic severity at the 12-month follow-up, with a larger hippocampus at baseline predicting worse tic severity at follow-up. The volumes of other subcortical structures did not significantly predict tic severity at follow-up. Hippocampal volume may be an important marker in predicting prognosis in Provisional Tic Disorder.
Collapse
|
41
|
Black KJ, Kim S, Schlaggar BL, Greene DJ. The New Tics study: A Novel Approach to Pathophysiology and Cause of Tic Disorders. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2020; 5:e200012. [PMID: 32587895 PMCID: PMC7316401 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the ongoing project "The New Tics Study: A Novel Approach to Pathophysiology and Cause of Tic Disorders," describing the work completed to date, ongoing studies and long-term goals. The overall goals of this research are to study the pathophysiology of Provisional Tic Disorder, and to study tic remission (or improvement) in a prospective fashion. Preliminary data collection for the project began almost 10 years ago. The current study is nearing completion of its third year, and has already reported several novel and important results. First, surprisingly, at least 90% of children who had experienced tics for only a mean of 3 months still had tics at the 12-month anniversary of their first tic, though in some cases tics were seen only with remote video observation of the child sitting alone. Thus almost all of them now had a DSM-5 diagnosis of Tourette's Disorder or Persistent (Chronic) Tic Disorder. Baseline clinical features that predicted 12-month outcome included tic severity, subsyndromal autism spectrum symptoms, an anxiety disorder, and a history of 3 or more phonic tics. Second, we found that poorer tic suppression ability when immediately rewarded for suppression predicted greater tic severity at follow-up. Third, striatal volumes did not predict outcome as hypothesized, but a larger hippocampus at baseline predicted worse severity at follow-up. Enrollment and data collection continue, including functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) imaging, and additional analyses are planned once the full sample is enrolled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Black
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology and Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bradley L. Schlaggar
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Deanna J. Greene
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Boutin A, Doyon J. A sleep spindle framework for motor memory consolidation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190232. [PMID: 32248783 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindle activity has repeatedly been found to contribute to brain plasticity and consolidation of both declarative and procedural memories. Here we propose a framework for motor memory consolidation that outlines the essential contribution of the hierarchical and multi-scale periodicity of spindle activity, as well as of the synchronization and interaction of brain oscillations during this sleep-dependent process. We posit that the clustering of sleep spindles in 'trains', together with the temporally organized alternation between spindles and associated refractory periods, is critical for efficient reprocessing and consolidation of motor memories. We further argue that the long-term retention of procedural memories relies on the synchronized (functional connectivity) local reprocessing of new information across segregated, but inter-connected brain regions that are involved in the initial learning process. Finally, we propose that oscillatory synchrony in the spindle frequency band may reflect the cross-structural reactivation, reorganization and consolidation of motor, and potentially declarative, memory traces within broader subcortical-cortical networks during sleep. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boutin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Robertson EM, Genzel L. Memories replayed: reactivating past successes and new dilemmas. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190226. [PMID: 32248775 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our experiences continue to be processed 'offline' in the ensuing hours of both wakefulness and sleep. During these different brain states, the memory formed during our experience is replayed or reactivated. Here, we discuss the unique challenges in studying offline reactivation, the growth in both the experimental and analytical techniques available across different animals from rodents to humans to capture these offline events, the important challenges this innovation has brought, our still modest understanding of how reactivation drives diverse synaptic changes across circuits, and how these changes differ (if at all), and perhaps complement, those at memory formation. Together, these discussions highlight critical emerging issues vital for identifying how reactivation affects circuits, and, in turn, behaviour, and provides a broader context for the contributions in this special issue. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin M Robertson
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lisa Genzel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|