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Yang H, Zhang H, Tian L, Guo P, Liu S, Chen H, Sun L. Curcumin attenuates lupus nephritis by inhibiting neutrophil migration via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling pathway. Lupus Sci Med 2024; 11:e001220. [PMID: 39053932 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2024-001220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of curcumin in the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) by inhibiting the migration of neutrophils and the underlying mechanism involved. METHODS Two lupus mouse models, MRL/lpr mice and R848-treated mice, were treated with 50 mg/kg curcumin by intraperitoneal injection. H&E and Masson staining were used to estimate histopathological changes in the kidney. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the deposition of immune complexes. The expression of inflammatory factors was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time reverse transcription polymerase reaction (RT-PCR), and the protein expression was detected by western blotting. RESULTS We revealed the remarkable potential of curcumin in improving inflammatory conditions in both MRL/lpr mice and R848-induced lupus mice. Curcumin effectively decelerates the progression of inflammation and diminishes the infiltration of neutrophils and their release of pivotal inflammatory factors, thereby reducing inflammation in renal tissues. Mechanistically, curcumin significantly inhibits the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-NF-κB, which are upregulated by interleukin-8 to induce neutrophil migration and renal inflammation, thereby reducing neutrophil migration and the release of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION Curcumin significantly inhibits the recruitment of neutrophils and the release of proinflammatory factors in the kidney by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling pathway, providing new therapeutic targets and medication strategies for the treatment of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panpan Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Zhu J, He L. The Modulatory Effects of Curcumin on the Gut Microbiota: A Potential Strategy for Disease Treatment and Health Promotion. Microorganisms 2024; 12:642. [PMID: 38674587 PMCID: PMC11052165 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a lipophilic natural polyphenol that can be isolated from the rhizome of turmeric. Studies have proposed that CUR possesses a variety of biological activities. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, CUR shows promise in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, while its anti-obesity effects make it a potential therapeutic agent in the management of obesity. In addition, curcumin's ability to prevent atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular benefits further expand its potential application in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, owing to the limited bioavailability of CUR, it is difficult to validate its specific mechanism of action in the treatment of diseases. However, the restricted bioavailability of CUR makes it challenging to confirm its precise mode of action in disease treatment. Recent research indicates that the oral intake of curcumin may lead to elevated levels of residual curcumin in the gastrointestinal system, hinting at curcumin's potential to directly influence gut microbiota. Furthermore, the ecological dysregulation of the gut microbiota has been shown to be critical in the pathogenesis of human diseases. This review summarizes the impact of gut dysbiosis on host health and the various ways in which curcumin modulates dysbiosis and ameliorates various diseases caused by it through the administration of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
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3
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Qin T, Chen X, Meng J, Guo Q, Xu S, Hou S, Yuan Z, Zhang W. The role of curcumin in the liver-gut system diseases: from mechanisms to clinical therapeutic perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-30. [PMID: 37096460 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2204349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have provided abundant sources of lead compounds for new drug discovery and development over the past centuries. Curcumin is a lipophilic polyphenol isolated from turmeric, a plant used in traditional Asian medicine for centuries. Despite the low oral bioavailability, curcumin exhibits profound medicinal value in various diseases, especially liver and gut diseases, bringing an interest in the paradox of its low bioavailability but high bioactivity. Several latest studies suggest that curcumin's health benefits may rely on its positive gastrointestinal effects rather than its poor bioavailability solely. Microbial antigens, metabolites, and bile acids regulate metabolism and immune responses in the intestine and liver, suggesting the possibility that the liver-gut axis bidirectional crosstalk controls gastrointestinal health and diseases. Accordingly, these pieces of evidence have evoked great interest in the curcumin-mediated crosstalk among liver-gut system diseases. The present study discussed the beneficial effects of curcumin against common liver and gut diseases and explored the underlying molecular targets, as well as collected evidence from human clinical studies. Moreover, this study summarized the roles of curcumin in complex metabolic interactions in liver and intestine diseases supporting the application of curcumin in the liver-gut system as a potential therapeutic option, which opens an avenue for clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Sadeghi M, Dehnavi S, Asadirad A, Xu S, Majeed M, Jamialahmadi T, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Curcumin and chemokines: mechanism of action and therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1069-1093. [PMID: 36997729 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines belong to the family of cytokines with chemoattractant properties that regulate chemotaxis and leukocyte migration, as well as the induction of angiogenesis and maintenance of hemostasis. Curcumin, the major component of the Curcuma longa rhizome, has various pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammatory, immune-regulatory, anti-oxidative, and lipid-modifying properties. Chemokines and chemokine receptors are influenced/modulated by curcumin. Thus, the current review focuses on the molecular mechanisms associated with curcumin's effects on chemoattractant cytokines, as well as putting into context the many studies that have reported curcumin-mediated regulatory effects on inflammatory conditions in the organs/systems of the body (e.g., the central nervous system, liver, and cardiovascular system). Curcumin's effects on viral and bacterial infections, cancer, and adverse pregnancy outcomes are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Dehnavi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Asadirad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Suowen Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, Mashhad, 91779-48564, Iran.
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5
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Saha S, Patel N. What Should I Eat? Dietary Recommendations for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040896. [PMID: 36839254 PMCID: PMC9966256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder thought to be caused by enteric inflammation in a genetically susceptible host. Although the pathogenesis of IBD is largely unknown, it is widely accepted that dietary components play an important role. Human and animal-based studies have explored the role of various dietary components such as meat, artificial sweeteners and food additives in causing enteric inflammation. Several diets have also been studied in patients with IBD, specifically their role in the induction or maintenance of remission. The most well-studied of these include exclusive enteral nutrition and specific carbohydrate diet. A diet low in FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols), typically prescribed for patients with irritable bowel syndrome, has also been studied in a specific subgroup of patients with IBD. In this review, we describe the current evidence on how various dietary components can induce enteric and colonic inflammation, and the clinical-epidemiological evidence exploring their role in predisposing to or protecting against the development of IBD. We also discuss several special diets and how they affect clinical outcomes in IBD patients. Based on the available evidence, we provide guidance for patients and clinicians managing IBD regarding the best practice in dietary modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Saha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Neha Patel
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-469-776-0671
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Sardou HS, Vosough PR, Abbaspour M, Akhgari A, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. A review on curcumin colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1095-1105. [PMID: 36757584 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic drugs and monoclonal antibodies are the typical treatments to combat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, side effects are present when these treatments are used, and their continued application could be restricted by the high relapse rate of the disease. One potential alternative to these treatments is the use of plant-derived products. The use curcumin is one such treatment option that has seen an increase in usage in treating IBD. Curcumin is derived from a rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa), and the results of studies on the use of curcumin to treat IBD are promising. These studies suggest that curcumin interacts with cellular targets such as NF-κB, JAKs/STATs, MAPKs, TNF-α, IL-6, PPAR, and TRPV1 and may reduce the progression of IBD. Potentially, curcumin can be used as a therapeutic agent for patients with IBD when it reduces the incidence of clinical relapse. This review discusses the strategies utilized in designing and developing an oral colonic delivery dosage form of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shahdadi Sardou
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Paria Rahnama Vosough
- Food Science and Technology Department, Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Abbaspour
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Akhgari
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Wang F, Xie J, Xiong H, Xie Y. A bibliometric analysis of inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19 researches. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1039782. [PMID: 36794064 PMCID: PMC9922853 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1039782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often require immunosuppressive therapy and are hence susceptible to various opportunistic viral and bacterial infections. In this regard, many studies on IBD and COVID-19 have been conducted. However, no bibliometric analysis has been performed. This study provides a general overview of IBD and COVID-19. Methods Publications about IBD and COVID-19 from 2020 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and HistCite. Results A total of 396 publications were retrieved and considered in this study. The maximum number of publications were from the United States, Italy, and England, and the contributions of these countries were significant. Kappelman ranked first in article citations. The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases were the most prolific affiliation and journal, respectively. The most influential research topics were "management", "impact", "vaccination", and "receptor". The following keywords represented research frontiers: "depression", "the quality of life of IBD patients", "infliximab", "COVID-19 vaccine", and "second vaccination". Conclusions Over the past 3 years, most studies on IBD and COVID-19 have focused on clinical research. In particular, topics such as "depression", "the quality of life of IBD patients", "infliximab", "COVID-19 vaccine", and "second vaccination" were noted to have received much attention recently. Future research should focus on our understanding of the immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in biologically treated patients, the psychological impact of COVID-19, IBD management guidelines, and the long-term impact of COVID-19 in IBD patients. This study will provide researchers with a better understanding of research trends on IBD during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Digestive Disease Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinliang Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Digestive Disease Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huifang Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Digestive Disease Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Digestive Disease Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Yong Xie ✉
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8
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Alemi F, Zokaei M, Moein S, Qujeq D, Yousefi B, Farzami P, Hosseininasab SS. Polyphenols and inflammatory bowel disease: Natural products with therapeutic effects? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4155-4178. [PMID: 36345891 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2139222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a long-life disease with periods of recurrence and relief. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Recent years' studies in the field of IBD treatment mostly have focused on targeting cytokines and immune cell trafficking using antibodies and inhibitors, altering the composition of intestinal bacteria in the line of attenuation of inflammation using probiotics and prebiotics, and attenuating oxidative stress through antioxidant supplementation. Studies in animal models of IBD have shown that some polyphenolic compounds including curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, naringenin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate can affect almost all of the above aspects and are useful compounds in the treatment of IBD. Clinical studies performed on IBD patients have also confirmed the findings of animal model studies and have shown that supplementation with some of the above-mentioned polyphenolic compounds has positive effects in reducing disease clinical and endoscopic activity, inducing and maintaining remission, and improving quality of life. In this review article, in addition to a detailed reviewing the effects of the above-mentioned polyphenolic compounds on the events involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, the results of these clinical studies will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zokaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Payam Farzami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Lin Y, Liu H, Bu L, Chen C, Ye X. Review of the Effects and Mechanism of Curcumin in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908077. [PMID: 35795556 PMCID: PMC9250976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. It is now widely used in food processing, cosmetics, dyes, etc. Current researching indicates that curcumin has high medical value, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrosis, immune regulation and other effects, and can be used to treat a variety of diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a nonspecific inflammatory disease of the intestine including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The drug treatment effect is often limited and accompanied by side effects. A large number of basic and clinical studies have shown that curcumin has the effect of treating IBD and also can maintain the remission of IBD. In this review, the research of curcumin on IBD in recent years is summarized in order to provide reference for further research and application of curcumin.
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Kiran S, Rakib A, Moore BM, Singh UP. Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) Inverse Agonist SMM-189 Induces Expression of Endogenous CB2 and Protein Kinase A That Differentially Modulates the Immune Response and Suppresses Experimental Colitis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050936. [PMID: 35631522 PMCID: PMC9147685 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The causes of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are multi-factorial and include dysregulation of immune cells in the intestine. Cannabinoids mediate protection against intestinal inflammation by binding to the G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2). Here, we investigate the effects of the CB2 inverse agonist SMM-189 on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. We observed that SMM-189 effectively attenuated the overall clinical score, reversed colitis-associated pathogenesis, and increased both body weight and colon length. Treatment with SMM-189 also increased the expression of CB2 and protein kinase A (PKA) in colon lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs). We noticed alterations in the percentage of Th17, neutrophils, and natural killer T (NKT) cells in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and LPLs of mice with DSS-induced colitis after treatment with SMM-189 relative to DSS alone. Further, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) during colitis progression increased with SMM-189 treatment as compared to DSS alone or with control cohorts. These findings suggest that SMM-189 may ameliorate experimental colitis by inducing the expression of endogenous CB2 and PKA in LPLs, increasing numbers of MDSCs in the spleen, and reducing numbers of Th17 cells and neutrophils in the spleen, MLNs, and LPLs. Taken together, these data support the idea that SMM-189 may be developed as a safe novel therapeutic target for IBD.
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11
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Jin QH, Kim HK, Na JY, Jin C, Seon JK. Anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media inhibited macrophages activation in vitro. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4754. [PMID: 35306509 PMCID: PMC8934344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on macrophages have been reported, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of MSCs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and the subsequent downregulation of their inflammatory mediators. Macrophages were treated with conditioned media from MSCs, without a subsequent change of MSCs responding to the inflammation state. This study also evaluated whether the interleukin (IL) 4 stimulation of MSCs can improve their anti-inflammatory effects. Results demonstrated that the MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) stimulated with IL4 significantly inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression of LPS-activated macrophages. MSC-CM treatment inhibited the mRNA transcription of the cytokines IL1β and IL6, the chemokines C–C motif ligand (CCL) 2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, and the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5, in LPS-stimulated macrophages. As revealed through western blot and immunofluorescence analyses, the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK MAPKs, as well as phosphorylation of NF-κB in stimulated macrophages, were also inhibited by the MSC-CM. Further, more potent anti-inflammatory effects were observed with the IL4-stimulated cells, compared with those observed with the non-stimulated cells. The MSC-CM demonstrated a potent anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-activated macrophages, while the IL4 stimulation improved this effect. These findings indicate that MSCs could exert anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages, and may be considered as a therapeutic agent in inflammation treatment.
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Joshi MB, Kamath A, Nair AS, Yedehali Thimmappa P, Sriranjini SJ, Gangadharan GG, Satyamoorthy K. Modulation of neutrophil (dys)function by Ayurvedic herbs and its potential influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100424. [PMID: 33746457 PMCID: PMC7962552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, traditional medicines of Ayurveda have been in use to manage infectious and non-infectious diseases. The key embodiment of traditional medicines is the holistic system of approach in the management of human diseases. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is an ongoing pandemic, which has emerged as the major health threat worldwide and is causing significant stress, morbidity and mortality. Studies from the individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection have shown significant immune dysregulation and cytokine overproduction. Neutrophilia and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio has been correlated to poor outcome due to the disease. Neutrophils, component of innate immune system, upon stimulation expel DNA along with histones and granular proteins to form extracellular traps (NETs). Although, these DNA lattices possess beneficial activity in trapping and eliminating pathogens, NETs may also cause adverse effects by inducing immunothrombosis and tissue damage in diseases including Type 2 Diabetes and atherosclerosis. Tissues of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects showed microthrombi with neutrophil-platelet infiltration and serum showed elevated NETs components, suggesting large involvement and uncontrolled activation of neutrophils leading to pathogenesis and associated organ damage. Hence, traditional Ayurvedic herbs exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may act in a manner that might prove beneficial in targeting over-functioning of neutrophils and there by promoting normal immune homeostasis. In the present manuscript, we have reviewed and discussed pathological importance of NETs formation in SARS-CoV-2 infections and discuss how various Ayurvedic herbs can be explored to modulate neutrophil function and inhibit NETs formation in the context of a) anti-microbial activity to enhance neutrophil function, b) immunomodulatory effects to maintain neutrophil mediated immune homeostasis and c) to inhibit NETs mediated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Archana Kamath
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aswathy S Nair
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | | | - Sitaram J Sriranjini
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Zimmermann C, Wagner AE. Impact of Food-Derived Bioactive Compounds on Intestinal Immunity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121901. [PMID: 34944544 PMCID: PMC8699755 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal system is responsible for the digestion and the absorption of nutrients. At the same time, it is essentially involved in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The strongest antigen contact in an organism takes place in the digestive system showing the importance of a host to develop mechanisms allowing to discriminate between harmful and harmless antigens. An efficient intestinal barrier and the presence of a large and complex part of the immune system in the gut support the host to implement this task. The continuous ingestion of harmless antigens via the diet requires an efficient immune response to reliably identify them as safe. However, in some cases the immune system accidentally identifies harmless antigens as dangerous leading to various diseases such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases and allergies. It has been shown that the intestinal immune function can be affected by bioactive compounds derived from the diet. The present review provides an overview on the mucosal immune reactions in the gut and how bioactive food ingredients including secondary plant metabolites and probiotics mediate its health promoting effects with regard to the intestinal immune homeostasis.
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Dianati E, Hojati V, Khayatzadeh J, Zafar Balanezhad S. The green-synthesized curcumin-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (CmZnO-NP) as the exclusive antioxidant and efficient wound healing agent compared with curcumin, methanol, phenytoin, and ZnO. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2021.1956964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Dianati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Vida Hojati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Jina Khayatzadeh
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Zafar Balanezhad
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Effect of curcumin dietary supplementation on growth performance, physiology, carcass characteristics and meat quality in lambs. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of curcumin dietary supplementation on growth, physiology, carcass characteristics and meat quality in lambs. Thirty-two male Lacaune lambs (15.6 ± 0.63 kg, 60 ± 2.8 days of age) were randomly allocated in 16 pens (four treatments of four replicates with two lambs each) for 30 days. The animals were assigned to the following treatments: T0, T100, T200 and T300, representing 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg of curcumin/kg of concentrate, respectively. Curcumin dietary supplementation increased (P = 0.02) weight gain; on regression analysis, 315.1 mg curcumin/kg of concentrate was the dosage that provided the greatest weight gain. T200 and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.04) erythrocytes numbers; T100 and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.01) leukocyte numbers and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.04) lymphocyte numbers, compared to T0 lambs. Globulin levels were significantly greater in the T200 group (P = 0.04) only on day 15 but not day 30; levels of total protein were significantly higher (P = 0.01) only in T200 and T300 group on day 15 and only in T200 group on d 30. Gamma-glutamyltransferase concentrations tended to be lower (P = 0.08) in T100, T200 and T300 group on d 15, and only in the T100 group on d 30. Curcumin dietary supplementation increased (P = 0.01) the serum activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced (P = 0.01) levels of reactive oxygen species. In meat samples, T200 and T300 had greater total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.03) and lower (P = 0.01) lipoperoxidation rates. In carcasses, T300 lambs had greater (P ≤ 0.02) cooling weight losses and yields than did T0 lambs. Curcumin dietary supplementation also reduced (P ≤ 0.03) redness and yellowness. T200 and T300 lambs had fewer (P = 0.01) cooking losses and T200 lambs had greater (P = 0.03) water holding capacity than did T0 lambs. These findings suggest that curcumin dietary supplementation improves growth and antioxidant responses, as well as influencing meat quality in lambs.
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Memarzia A, Khazdair MR, Behrouz S, Gholamnezhad Z, Jafarnezhad M, Saadat S, Boskabady MH. Experimental and clinical reports on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa and curcumin, an updated and comprehensive review. Biofactors 2021; 47:311-350. [PMID: 33606322 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Curcuma longa (C. longa) or turmeric is a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine, especially for treating inflammatory conditions C. longa and its main constituent, curcumin (CUR), showed various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant and anti-microbial properties. The updated knowledge of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of C. longa and CUR is provided in this review article. Pharmacological effects of C. longa, and CUR, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, were searched using various databases and appropriate keywords until September 2020. Various studies showed anti-inflammatory effects of C. longa and CUR, including decreased white blood cell, neutrophil, and eosinophil numbers, and its protective effects on serum levels of inflammatory mediators such as phospholipase A2 and total protein in different inflammatory disorders. The antioxidant effects of C. longa and CUR were also reported in several studies. The plant extracts and CUR decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels but increased thiol, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels in oxidative stress conditions. Treatment with C. longa and CUR also improved immunoglobulin E (Ig)E, pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 4 (IL)-4, transforming growth factor-beta, IL-17, interferon-gamma levels, and type 1/type 2 helper cells (Th1)/(Th2) ratio in conditions with disturbance in the immune system. Therefore C. longa and CUR showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, indicating a potential therapeutic effect of the plant and its constituent, CUR, for treating of inflammatory, oxidative, and immune dysregulation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Memarzia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sepideh Behrouz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Jafarnezhad
- Department of Anesthesia, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Boskabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Yao Y, Luo R, Xiong S, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Protective effects of curcumin against rat intestinal inflammation‑related motility disorders. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:391. [PMID: 33760185 PMCID: PMC8008224 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation frequently occurs alongside dysmotility, which is characterized by altered myosin light chain phosphorylation levels. Curcumin, an active component from the ginger family, is reported to confer anti‑inflammatory effects. However, the effects of curcumin on both diarrhea and constipation associated inflammation remains to be elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of curcumin on diarrhea and constipation and to determine the related mechanisms. Sprague‑Dawley rats were used to establish diarrhea and constipation models via intracolonic acetic acid (4%) instillation or cold water gavage for 2 weeks, respectively. Blood samples were collected to measure the serum levels of the cytokines TNF‑α and IL‑1β using ELISA kits. Western blotting was performed to measure NF‑κB, RhoA, Rho‑related kinase 2, phosphorylated MLC20, phosphorylated myosin phosphorylated target subunit 1, 130k Da‑MLC kinase (MLCK), c‑kit tyrosine kinase protein expression, and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was conducted to measure MLCK expression levels. The results indicated that curcumin reversed the elevations in the pro‑inflammatory cytokines IL‑1β and TNF‑α by inhibiting the NF‑κB pathway in rats with diarrhea and constipation. The results also indicated that myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation in intestinal smooth muscle was positively and negatively associated with the motility of inflammation‑related diarrhea and constipation in rats, respectively. Curcumin significantly reversed the increased MLC phosphorylation in the jejunum of the rats with diarrhea, significantly enhanced the reductions in inflammatory mediators, including TNF‑α and IL‑1β, of rats with constipation and significantly ameliorated the related hyper‑motility and hypo‑motility in rats with both diarrhea and constipation. In conclusion, the potential roles of the MLC kinase, c‑kit tyrosine and Rho A/Rho‑associated kinase 2 pathways, which are involved in curcumin‑induced amelioration of inflammation‑related diarrhea and constipation, were explored in the present study. Results from the present study suggested that curcumin has potential therapeutic value for treating intestinal inflammation and inflammation‑related motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Ranyuan Luo
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Shu Xiong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
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A Systematic Review of the Clinical Use of Curcumin for the Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1291:295-326. [PMID: 34331698 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56153-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, with considerable morbidity and mortality. Curcumin has been used for many years as a plant-derived product for the management of various conditions such as abdominal pain and poor digestion. This systematic review was undertaken with the aim of investigating the effect of curcumin or turmeric supplementation on GI diseases. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar up to March 2020 to identify clinical trials assessing the effect of curcumin/turmeric alone or in combination with other herbs or nutrients on GI diseases. Twenty-one studies comprising 1478 GI patients were included in the study. Four out of seven studies showed a beneficial effect of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and six out of seven showed positive effects of these herbs on ulcerative colitis. Two out of four studies highlighted the potential role of curcumin/turmeric in eradication of H. pylori infection. Both studies conducted on peptic ulcer disease and two out of four studies performed on Crohn's disease demonstrated positive effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation. One study showed curcumin supplementation had no effect on familial adenomatous polyposis. However, in another study, curcumin had favorable effects on proctosigmoiditis. Nine studies reported some minor adverse effects. The results of this systematic review suggest a beneficial effect of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on the management of GI diseases. More randomized clinical controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
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Fallahi F, Borran S, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Pourhanifeh MH, Khaksary Mahabady M, Sahebkar A, Mirzaei H. Curcumin and inflammatory bowel diseases: From in vitro studies to clinical trials. Mol Immunol 2020; 130:20-30. [PMID: 33348246 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) may result from mutations in genes encoding for innate immunity, which can lead to exacerbated inflammatory response. Although some mono-targeted treatments have developed in recent years, IBDs are caused through several pathway perturbations. Therefore, targeting all these pathways is difficult to be achieved by a single agent. Moreover, those mono-targeted therapies are usually expensive and may cause side-effects. These limitations highlight the significance of an available, inexpensive and multi-targeted dietary agents or natural compounds for the treatment and prevention of IBDs. Curcumin is a multifunctional phenolic compound that is known for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Over the past decades, mounting experimental investigations have revealed the therapeutic potential of curcumin against a broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases including IBDs. Furthermore, it has been reported that curcumin directly interacts with many signaling mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of IBDs. These preclinical findings have created a solid basis for the assessment of the efficacy of curcumin in clinical practice. In clinical trials, different dosages e.g., 550 mg /three times daily-1month, and 1 g /twice times daily-6month of curcumin were used for patients with IBDs. Taken together, these findings indicated that curcumin could be employed as a therapeutic candidate in the treatment of IBDs. Moreover, it seems that overcome to current limitations of curcumin i.e., poor oral bioavailability, and poor oral absorption with using nanotechnology and others, could improve the efficacy of curcumin both in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fallahi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sarina Borran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Hassanzadeh K, Buccarello L, Dragotto J, Mohammadi A, Corbo M, Feligioni M. Obstacles against the Marketing of Curcumin as a Drug. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6619. [PMID: 32927725 PMCID: PMC7554750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the extensive public and scientific interest in the use of phytochemicals to prevent or treat human diseases in recent years, natural compounds have been highly investigated to elucidate their therapeutic effect on chronic human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease. Curcumin, an active principle of the perennial herb Curcuma longa, has attracted an increasing research interest over the last half-century due to its diversity of molecular targets, including transcription factors, enzymes, protein kinases, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, receptors, and it's interesting pharmacological activities. Despite that, the clinical effectiveness of the native curcumin is weak, owing to its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Preclinical data obtained from animal models and phase I clinical studies done in human volunteers confirmed a small amount of intestinal absorption, hepatic first pass effect, and some degree of intestinal metabolism, might explain its poor systemic availability when it is given via the oral route. During the last decade, researchers have attempted with new pharmaceutical methods such as nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, solid dispersions, emulsions, and microspheres to improve the bioavailability of curcumin. As a result, a significant number of bioavailable curcumin-based formulations were introduced with a varying range of enhanced bioavailability. This manuscript critically reviews the available scientific evidence on the basic and clinical effects and molecular targets of curcumin. We also discuss its pharmacokinetic and problems for marketing curcumin as a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Lucia Buccarello
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Jessica Dragotto
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marco Feligioni
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milano, Italy;
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21
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Oral Curcumin No More Effective Than Placebo in Preventing Recurrence of Crohn's Disease After Surgery in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:1553-1560.e1. [PMID: 31470175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) after surgery is a major concern. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory properties and induces endoscopic remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. We investigated the efficacy of curcumin vs placebo in preventing post-operative recurrence of CD, based on endoscopic and clinical indices, in patients receiving concomitant thiopurine therapy. METHODS We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial at 8 referral centers in France, from October 2014 through January 2018, of 62 consecutive patients with CD undergoing bowel resection. Patients received azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg) and were randomly assigned to groups given oral curcumin (3 g/day; n = 31) or an identical placebo (n = 31) for 6 months, and were then evaluated by colonoscopy. We also collected data on CD activity index, results from laboratory tests, and answers to quality of life questionnaires during this 6-month period. The primary endpoint was postoperative recurrence of CD in each group (Rutgeerts' index score ≥i2) at month 6 (determined by central reading). An interim analysis (intent to treat) was scheduled after 50% of the patients were enrolled. RESULTS At month 6, postoperative recurrence (Rutgeerts' index score ≥i2) occurred in 18 patients (58%) receiving curcumin and 21 patients (68%) receiving placebo (P = .60). A significantly higher proportion of patients receiving curcumin (55%) had a severe recurrence of CD (Rutgeerts' index score ≥i3) than patients receiving placebo (26%) (P = .034). We observed a clinical recurrence of CD (CD activity index score >150) at month 6 in 45% of patients receiving placebo and 30% of patients receiving curcumin (P = .80). Quality of life scores at month 6 did not differ significantly between groups (P = .80). Severe adverse events developed in 6% of patients receiving placebo and 16% of patients receiving curcumin (P = .42). CONCLUSIONS In a randomized controlled trial of patients who underwent surgery for CD and received thiopurine treatment, we found that curcumin was no more effective than placebo in preventing CD recurrence. There were no significant differences between groups in quality of life or severe adverse events. The study was discontinued after interim analysis due to futility. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT 02255370.
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Cao F, Liu J, Sha BX, Pan HF. Natural Products: Experimental Efficient Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4893-4913. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191216154224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, elusive disorder resulting in relapsing inflammation of
intestine with incompletely elucidated etiology, whose two representative forms are ulcerative colitis (UC) and
Crohn’s disease (CD). Accumulating researches have revealed that the individual genetic susceptibility, environmental
risk elements, intestinal microbial flora, as well as innate and adaptive immune system are implicated in
the pathogenesis and development of IBD. Despite remarkable progression of IBD therapy has been achieved by
chemical drugs and biological therapies such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, antibiotics, anti-tumor necrosis
factor (TNF)-α, anti-integrin agents, etc., healing outcome still cannot be obtained, along with inevitable side
effects. Consequently, a variety of researches have focused on exploring new therapies, and found that natural
products (NPs) isolated from herbs or plants may serve as promising therapeutic agents for IBD through antiinflammatory,
anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects, which implicates the modulation on nucleotide-
binding domain (NOD) like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome, gut microbiota, intestinal microvascular
endothelial cells, intestinal epithelia, immune system, etc. In the present review, we will summarize the research
development of IBD pathogenesis and current mainstream therapy, as well as the therapeutic potential and
intrinsic mechanisms of NPs in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing-Xian Sha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tongji University, 50 Chifeng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Yue W, Liu Y, Li X, Lv L, Huang J, Liu J. Curcumin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice via regulation of autophagy and intestinal immunity. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 30:290-298. [PMID: 30923033 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2019.18342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is regarded as a kind of chronic and unspecific intestinal inflammatory disorder. Its exact pathogenesis has not been elucidated. Curcumin, as an herbal drug, has been used in the treatment of IBD due to its immunoregulation. Autophagy has been reported to play an important role in the mechanism of IBD. In the present study, we focused on the autophagic regulation role of curcumin in the murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effects of curcumin on the progress of DSS-induced acute colitis in mice by evaluating the disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological score. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expression of autophagy-related key genes from colon tissues comprising autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC-3II), beclin-1, and B cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) was examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10, and IL-17A, was examined. Autophagosome was also examined under transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Both DAI and histopathological score increased in mice with DSS-induced colitis and obviously decreased after curcumin intervention. The expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, ATG5, LC-3II, and beclin-1 were significantly higher in mice with colitis than in normal ones, whereas those of IL-10 and bcl-2 decreased accordingly. However, curcumin intervention adjusted the expression level of those factors toward normal level. The number of autophagosome in the colon epithelia increased after DSS stimulation and decreased after curcumin administration. CONCLUSION Curcumin could prevent the development of DSS-induced colitis through the inhibition of excessive autophagy and regulation of following cytokine networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yue
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Lv
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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24
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Davoodvandi A, Sahebnasagh R, Mardanshah O, Asemi Z, Nejati M, Shahrzad MK, Mirzaei HR, Mirzaei H. Medicinal Plants As Natural Polarizers of Macrophages: Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Effects. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3225-3238. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190829154934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the crucial mediators of the immune response in different physiological and
pathological conditions. These cells have critical functions in the inflammation mechanisms that are involved in
the inhibition or progression of a wide range of diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, etc. It has been
shown that macrophages are generally divided into two subtypes, M1 and M2, which are distinguished on the
basis of their different gene expression patterns and phenotype. M1 macrophages are known as pro-inflammatory
cells and are involved in inflammatory mechanisms, whereas M2 macrophages are known as anti-inflammatory
cells that are involved in the inhibition of the inflammatory pathways. M2 macrophages help in tissue healing via
producing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence indicated that the appearance of different macrophage
subtypes is associated with the fate of diseases (progression versus suppression). Hence, polarization of
macrophages can be introduced as an important venue in finding, designing and developing novel therapeutic
approaches. Albeit, there are different pharmacological agents that are used for the treatment of various disorders,
it has been shown that several natural compounds have the potential to regulate M1 to M2 macrophage polarization
and vice versa. Herein, for the first time, we summarized new insights into the pharmacological effects of
natural compounds on macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Roxana Sahebnasagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mardanshah
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad K. Shahrzad
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Shohadae Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid R. Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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25
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Karimi A, Ghodsi R, Kooshki F, Karimi M, Asghariazar V, Tarighat-Esfanjani A. Therapeutic effects of curcumin on sepsis and mechanisms of action: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2798-2820. [PMID: 31429161 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex disease that begins with an infectious disorder and causes excessive immune responses. Curcumin is considered as an active component of turmeric that can improve the condition in sepsis due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched. Searching was not limited to a specific publication period. Only English-language original articles, which had examined the effect of curcumin on sepsis, were included. At first, 1,098 articles were totally found, and 209 articles were selected after excluding duplicated data; 46 articles were remained due to the curcumin effects on sepsis. These included 23 in vitro studies and 23 animal studies. Our results showed that curcumin and various analogs of curcumin can have an inhibitory effect on sepsis-induced complications. Curcumin has the ability to inhibit the inflammatory, oxidative coagulation factors, and regulation of immune responses in sepsis. Despite the promising evidence of the therapeutic effects of curcumin on the sepsis complication, further studies seem necessary to investigate its effect and possible mechanisms of action in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Ghodsi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fateme Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Karimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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26
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Ryan JJ, Hanes DA, Bradley RD, Contractor N. Effect of a Nutrition Support Formula in Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Study. Glob Adv Health Med 2019; 8:2164956119867251. [PMID: 31384513 PMCID: PMC6664624 DOI: 10.1177/2164956119867251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the high prevalence of nutrient deficiencies in patients
with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), routine monitoring of
nutrient status and supplementation are recommended. Objective This preliminary study was implemented to prospectively identify
potential effects of a nutrition support formula on blood
nutrient parameters in adults with IBD. Methods Ten adults with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis were
recruited from the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area into a
single-arm, open-label pilot study. Participants consumed a
nutrition support beverage twice daily for 12 weeks. The formula
contained a mixture of micronutrients (including methylated
forms of folate and vitamin B12), macronutrients, and
phytonutrients (including curcumin, xanthohumol, ginger
compounds, and quercetin). Primary measures were the following
parameters: folate, vitamin B12, red blood cell (RBC) count,
hemoglobin, hematocrit, electrolytes, and albumin. Exploratory
measures included a food frequency questionnaire, circulating
blood cell counts, and inflammatory markers. Results Nine participants completed the study and one withdrew. Adherence
was 98%. Serum folate increased 48.7%
(P = .029), serum vitamin B12 increased 17.4%
but did not reach statistical significance
(P = .053), and red cell distribution width
(RDW) decreased 9.2% (P = .012) over the
12-week study period. There were minimal shifts in total white
blood cell (WBC) counts (−1.0%, P = .845), but
percent neutrophils decreased 10.4% (P = .042)
and absolute lymphocyte count increased 18.6%
(P = .048). RBC count, hemoglobin,
hematocrit, electrolytes, albumin, and inflammatory markers did
not change significantly. Post hoc analysis demonstrated that
neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) decreased 18.4% (not
significant, P = .061). Conclusion Serum folate and RDW improved in adults with IBD after 12 weeks.
Modulation of leukocyte subtypes was also observed, including a
decrease in neutrophils and an increase in lymphocytes, with no
change in total WBC count. A randomized, controlled study to
further examine effects of the nutrition support formula will be
initiated to follow up on this promising, but preliminary
investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Ryan
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Douglas A Hanes
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ryan D Bradley
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, Oregon.,Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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27
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Salem M, El Azreq MA, Pelletier J, Robaye B, Aoudjit F, Sévigny J. Exacerbated intestinal inflammation in P2Y 6 deficient mice is associated with Th17 activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2595-2605. [PMID: 31271845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides are released as constitutive danger signals by various cell types and activate nucleotide (P2) receptors such as P2Y6 receptor. P2Y6 activation on monocytes induces the secretion of the chemokine CXCL8 which may propagate intestinal inflammation. Also, P2Y6 expression is increased in infiltrating T cells of Crohn's disease patients. As inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with immune cell recruitment, we hypothesised that P2Y6 would participate to the establishment of inflammation in this disease. To address this, we used P2Y6 deficient (P2ry6--/-) mice in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) murine model of IBD. In disagreement with our hypothesis, P2Y6 deficient mice were more susceptible to inflammation induced by DSS than WT mice. DSS treated-P2ry6-/- mice showed increased histological damage and increased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration that correlated with increased mRNA levels of the chemokines KC and MCP-1. DSS treated-P2ry6-/- mice exhibited also higher levels of Th17/Th1 lymphocytes in their colon which correlated with increased levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A in the sera as well as increased mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-23 and IL-1β in P2ry6-/- colons. This inflammation was also accompanied by a decreased cell proliferation and goblet cell number. Importantly, injection of anti-IL-17 intraperitoneally partially protected P2ry6-/- mice from DSS-induced colitis. Taken together, in the absence of P2Y6, an exacerbated intestinal inflammation to DSS was observed which correlated with increased recruitment of Th17/Th1 lymphocytes. These data suggest a protective role of P2Y6 expressed on leukocytes in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouka Salem
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Mohammed-Amine El Azreq
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaye
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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28
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Burge K, Gunasekaran A, Eckert J, Chaaban H. Curcumin and Intestinal Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms of Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081912. [PMID: 31003422 PMCID: PMC6514688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis, are becoming increasingly prevalent. While knowledge of the pathogenesis of these related diseases is currently incomplete, each of these conditions is thought to involve a dysfunctional, or overstated, host immunological response to both bacteria and dietary antigens, resulting in unchecked intestinal inflammation and, often, alterations in the intestinal microbiome. This inflammation can result in an impaired intestinal barrier allowing for bacterial translocation, potentially resulting in systemic inflammation and, in severe cases, sepsis. Chronic inflammation of this nature, in the case of inflammatory bowel disease, can even spur cancer growth in the longer-term. Recent research has indicated certain natural products with anti-inflammatory properties, such as curcumin, can help tame the inflammation involved in intestinal inflammatory diseases, thus improving intestinal barrier function, and potentially, clinical outcomes. In this review, we explore the potential therapeutic properties of curcumin on intestinal inflammatory diseases, including its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, as well as its potential to alter the intestinal microbiome. Curcumin may play a significant role in intestinal inflammatory disease treatment in the future, particularly as an adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Burge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 North Everett Drive, ETNP7504, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Aarthi Gunasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 North Everett Drive, ETNP7504, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Eckert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 North Everett Drive, ETNP7504, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Hala Chaaban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 North Everett Drive, ETNP7504, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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29
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Csekő K, Beckers B, Keszthelyi D, Helyes Z. Role of TRPV1 and TRPA1 Ion Channels in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Potential Therapeutic Targets? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E48. [PMID: 30935063 PMCID: PMC6630403 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have long been recognized to be accompanied by pain resulting in high morbidity. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channels located predominantly on the capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons play a complex role in hyperalgesia and neurogenic inflammation. This review provides an overview of their expression and role in intestinal inflammation, in particular colitis, that appears to be virtually inconsistent based on the thorough investigations of the last twenty years. However, preclinical results with pharmacological interventions, as well as scarcely available human studies, more convincingly point out the potential therapeutic value of TRPV1 and TRPA1 antagonists in colitis and visceral hypersensitivity providing future therapeutical perspectives through a complex, unique mechanism of action for drug development in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Csekő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Bram Beckers
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- PharmInVivo Ltd., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary.
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30
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Addition of curcumin to the diet of dairy sheep improves health, performance and milk quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Governa P, Marchi M, Cocetta V, De Leo B, Saunders PTK, Catanzaro D, Miraldi E, Montopoli M, Biagi M. Effects of Boswellia Serrata Roxb. and Curcuma longa L. in an In Vitro Intestinal Inflammation Model Using Immune Cells and Caco-2. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040126. [PMID: 30463367 PMCID: PMC6316569 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, which consist of chronic inflammatory conditions of the colon and the small intestine, are considered a global disease of our modern society. Recently, the interest toward the use of herbal therapies for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases has increased because of their effectiveness and favourable safety profile, compared to conventional drugs. Boswellia serrata Roxb. and Curcuma longa L. are amongst the most promising herbal drugs, however, their clinical use in inflammatory bowel diseases is limited and little is known on their mechanism of action. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of two phytochemically characterized extracts of B. serrata and C. longa in an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation. Their impact on cytokine release and reactive oxygen species production, as well as the maintenance of the intestinal barrier function and on intestinal mucosa immune cells infiltration, has been evaluated. The extracts showed a good protective effect on the intestinal epithelium at 1 µg/mL, with TEER values increasing by approximately 1.5 fold, compared to LPS-stimulated cells. C. longa showed an anti-inflammatory mechanism of action, reducing IL-8, TNF-α and IL-6 production by approximately 30%, 25% and 40%, respectively, compared to the inflammatory stimuli. B. serrata action was linked to its antioxidant effect, with ROS production being reduced by 25%, compared to H2O2-stimulated Caco-2 cells. C. longa and B. serrata resulted to be promising agents for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases by modulating in vitro parameters which have been identified in the clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Governa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hearth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy⁻Department of Excellence 2018⁻2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Marchi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hearth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Veronica Cocetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Bianca De Leo
- MRC Centres for Inflammation Research and Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Philippa T K Saunders
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Daniela Catanzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Miraldi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hearth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy.
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy.
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hearth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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32
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Zhang J, Yi R, Qian Y, Sun P, Zhao X, Yang Z. Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC06 Activity Prevents Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Regulating the IL-8 Pathway. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2653-2661. [PMID: 30221762 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC06 (LP-CQPC06) is a newly discovered lactic acid bacterial strain. Here, the beneficial effects of this strain on C57BL/6J mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis were investigated. LP-CQPC06 was more resistant to gastric acid and bile salts than L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LB). In the DSS-induced colitis mouse model, LP-CQPC06 treatment decreased the colon weight/length ratio and increased the colon length as compared to untreated mice with DSS-induced colitis. LP-CQPC06 also reduced the serum levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, as well as reducing levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) in the colon tissues of mice with DSS-induced colitis. In all cases, the effects of LP-CQPC06 were significantly stronger than those of LB. Quantitative polymerase chain reactions and western blots indicated that LP-CQPC06 increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha, while decreasing the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor kappa-beta, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1), and CXCR2. Thus, L. plantarum CQPC06 had a good protective effect against colitis in a mouse model via the IL-8 pathway. Therefore, L. plantarum CQPC06 might have potential uses as a probiotic for colonic protection. PRACTICAL APPLICATION In this study, a newly discovered lactic acid bacteria was investigated. This bacterial strain had a good prophylactic effect against colitis in a mouse model, and might have potential utility as a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China.,Environmental and Quality Inspection College, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing, 401220, P.R., China
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Univ. of Education, Chongqing, 400067, P.R., China
| | - Yu Qian
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Univ. of Education, Chongqing, 400067, P.R., China
| | - Peng Sun
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Univ. of Education, Chongqing, 400067, P.R., China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Univ. of Education, Chongqing, 400067, P.R., China
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
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33
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The Bisindole Alkaloid Caulerpin, from Seaweeds of the Genus Caulerpa, Attenuated Colon Damage in Murine Colitis Model. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090318. [PMID: 30205459 PMCID: PMC6163434 DOI: 10.3390/md16090318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Caulerpin (CLP), an alkaloid from algae of the genus Caulerpa, has shown anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of CLP in the murine model of peritonitis and ulcerative colitis. Firstly, the mice were submitted to peritonitis to evaluate which dose of CLP (40, 4, or 0.4 mg/kg) could decrease the inflammatory infiltration in the peritoneum. The most effective doses were 40 and 4 mg/kg. Then, C57BL/6 mice were submitted to colitis development with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and treated with CLP at doses of 40 and 4 mg/kg. The disease development was analyzed through the disease activity index (DAI); furthermore, colonic tissue samples were submitted to histological analysis, NFκB determination, and in vitro culture for cytokines assay. Therefore, CLP at 4 mg/kg presented the best results, triggering improvement of DAI and attenuating the colon shortening and damage. This dose was able to reduce the TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and NFκB p65 levels, and increased the levels of IL-10 in the colon tissue. Thus, CLP mice treatment at a dose of 4 mg/kg showed promising results in ameliorating the damage observed in the ulcerative colitis.
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34
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Yang JY, Zhong X, Kim SJ, Kim DH, Kim HS, Lee JS, Yum HW, Lee J, Na HK, Surh YJ. Comparative Effects of Curcumin and Tetrahydrocurcumin on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Colitis and Inflammatory Signaling in Mice. J Cancer Prev 2018; 23:18-24. [PMID: 29629345 PMCID: PMC5886491 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2018.23.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin, a yellow ingredient of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn, Zingiberaceae), has long been used in traditional folk medicine in the management of inflammatory disorders. Although curcumin has been reported to inhibit experimentally-induced colitis and carcinogenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unresolved. Methods Murine colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) which mimics inflammatory bowel disease. Curcumin or tetrahydrocurcumin was given orally (0.1 or 0.25 mmol/kg body weight daily) for 7 days before and together with DSS administration (3% in tap water). Collected colon tissue was used for histologic and biochemical analyses. Results Administration of curcumin significantly attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis and the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 as well as expression of COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. In contrast to curcumin, its non-electrophilic analogue, tetrahydrocurcumin has much weaker inhibitory effects. Conclusions Intragastric administration of curcumin inhibited the experimentally induced murine colitis, which was associated with inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling mediated by NF-κB and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yeop Yang
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiancai Zhong
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sang Lee
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hye-Won Yum
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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36
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Shapira S, Leshno A, Katz D, Maharshak N, Hevroni G, Jean-David M, Kraus S, Galazan L, Aroch I, Kazanov D, Hallack A, Becker S, Umanski M, Moshkowitz M, Dotan I, Arber N. Of mice and men: a novel dietary supplement for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2017; 11:1756283X17741864. [PMID: 29383023 PMCID: PMC5784533 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x17741864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin, green tea polyphenols and selenium possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Individually they have demonstrated some efficacy in animal models and human subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Coltect [Curcumin (500 mg), green tea (250 mg) and selenium (100 µg)] in vivo and in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Each component was compared to placebo in a DSS mice colitis model. The efficacy was validated in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) rat colitis model. Twenty patients with mild-to-moderate UC received two Coltect tablets twice daily for 8 weeks. Enrollees underwent sigmoidoscopy at study entrance and closure, and physical and laboratory evaluation at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. RESULTS Coltect showed a synergistic therapeutic effect in the DSS and TNBS models. Disease activity was significantly higher in the placebo versus the treated group (p < 0.05). Selenium was the more active component. The contribution of green tea was minor. In the TNBS model, the Wallace scores for macroscopic lesions were 4.8 ± 1.5 (treatment) and 8.2 ± 0.5 (placebo) (p = 0.01). In humans, Coltect was well tolerated and effective. Fourteen subjects (70%) improved: nine (45%) went into complete remission, four (20%) experienced marked improvement and one (5%) experienced moderate improvement at the end of the trial. Clinical activity index decreased significantly at 4 and 8 weeks (p < 0.001). Two patients had no change in their symptoms, and one withdrew after 4 weeks. Flare-up in four subjects caused three to withdraw from the study after less than 4 weeks. Endoscopic improvement was observed in 11 (69%) patients, and four patients (25%) achieved complete remission. CONCLUSIONS Coltect may serve as a first-line or add-on therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nitsan Maharshak
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Hevroni
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maayan Jean-David
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarah Kraus
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Galazan
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Aroch
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dina Kazanov
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Aharon Hallack
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Stewart Becker
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark Umanski
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshkowitz
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Shehzad A, Qureshi M, Anwar MN, Lee YS. Multifunctional Curcumin Mediate Multitherapeutic Effects. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2006-2015. [PMID: 28771714 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation can promote the development of arthritis, obesity, cardiovascular, type II diabetes, pancreatitis, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer. Compounds isolated from plants have been practiced since ancient times for curing various ailments including inflammatory disorders and to support normal physiological functions. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a yellow coloring agent, extracted from turmeric that has been used for the prevention and treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin modulate multiple molecular targets and can be translated to the clinics for multiple therapeutic processes. There is compelling evidence that curcumin can block cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis as well as reduced the prolonged survival of cancer cells. Curcumin mediates anti-inflammatory effect through downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, protein kinases, and enzymes that promote inflammation and development of chronic diseases. In addition, curcumin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial and receptor-mediated pathways by activating caspase cascades. Curcumin is a safe and nontoxic drug that has been reported to be well tolerated. Available clinical trials support the potential role of curcumin for treatment of various inflammatory disorders. However, curcumin's efficacy is hindered by poor absorption and low bioavailability, which limit its translation into clinics. This review outlines the potential pharmacological and clinical role of curcumin, which provide a gateway for the beneficial role of plant isolated compounds in treatment of various inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), Natl. Univ. of Sciences and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Munibah Qureshi
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), Natl. Univ. of Sciences and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabeel Anwar
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), Natl. Univ. of Sciences and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook Natl. Univ., Daegu, Korea
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Guglielmo A, Sabra A, Elbery M, Cerveira MM, Ghenov F, Sunasee R, Ckless K. A mechanistic insight into curcumin modulation of the IL-1β secretion and NLRP3 S-glutathionylation induced by needle-like cationic cellulose nanocrystals in myeloid cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 274:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gurol T, Zhou W, Deng Q. MicroRNAs in neutrophils: potential next generation therapeutics for inflammatory ailments. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:29-47. [PMID: 27558326 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play fundamental roles in both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, and directly contribute to the immune pathologies in both infectious and autoimmune ailments. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate homeostasis in health and disease by fine tuning the expression of a network of genes through post-transcriptional regulation. Many miRs are expressed in restricted tissues, regulated by stress and disease, and are emerging as mediators for intercellular communication. MiR profiles have been recently utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostic purposes. In addition, several miRs are in clinical development for various diseases. A short list of miRs that regulate hematopoiesis and neutrophil development is identified. Unfortunately, very limited information is available regarding how miRs regulate neutrophil migration and activation in vivo. Extensive future work is required, especially in animal models such as mice, to illustrate the pivotal and complex miR-mediated regulatory network. In addition, zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism with conserved innate immunity, potentiated by the availability of imaging and genetic tools, will provide a platform for rapid discovery and characterization of miRs that are relevant to neutrophilic inflammation. Advances in this field are expected to provide the foundation for highly selective miR-based therapy to manipulate neutrophils in infection and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Gurol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Abdollahi E, Momtazi AA, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Therapeutic effects of curcumin in inflammatory and immune‐mediated diseases: A nature‐made jack‐of‐all‐trades? J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:830-848. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Medical ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Student Research Committee, Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Pharmacy, University of Missouri‐Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Grabowski B, Schmidt MA, Rüter C. Immunomodulatory Yersinia outer proteins (Yops)-useful tools for bacteria and humans alike. Virulence 2017; 8:1124-1147. [PMID: 28296562 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1303588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-pathogenic Yersinia produce plasmid-encoded Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), which are necessary to down-regulate anti-bacterial responses that constrict bacterial survival in the host. These Yops are effectively translocated directly from the bacterial into the target cell cytosol by the type III secretion system (T3SS). Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) in contrast are characterized by their ability to autonomously cross cell membranes and to transport cargo - independent of additional translocation systems. The recent discovery of bacterial cell-penetrating effector proteins (CPEs) - with the prototype being the T3SS effector protein YopM - established a new class of autonomously translocating immunomodulatory proteins. CPEs represent a vast source of potential self-delivering, anti-inflammatory therapeutics. In this review, we give an update on the characteristic features of the plasmid-encoded Yops and, based on recent findings, propose the further development of these proteins for potential therapeutic applications as natural or artificial cell-penetrating forms of Yops might be of value as bacteria-derived biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Grabowski
- a Institute of Infectiology - Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - M Alexander Schmidt
- a Institute of Infectiology - Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Christian Rüter
- a Institute of Infectiology - Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster , Münster , Germany
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Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, de Bari O, Lembo A, Ballou S. Irritable bowel syndrome and diet. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2017; 5:11-19. [PMID: 28110300 PMCID: PMC5444258 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gow047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and is one of the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal diseases. The impact of IBS on the general population is large due to its high prevalence, suboptimal medical treatments and significant economic burden. The pathophysiology of IBS is complex and treatments are often symptom-specific. The most common therapeutic approaches for IBS include education and reassurance, lifestyles (especially nutrition-based interventions), peripherally acting medications (which typically target motility), centrally acting medications (which target visceral hypersensitivity and pain) and psychological interventions (which aim to reduce the effects of stress or symptom-specific anxiety). A beneficial dietary approach might include the following measures: a diet low in fermentable oligo-,di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), limitation or exclusion of gas-producing foods and/or lactose and gluten and fiber supplementation in selected cases. New therapeutic agents, namely nutraceutics, are also an interesting option in the management of IBS patients. This paper will focus on available dietary interventions for IBS and will review the evidence for nutrition-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica A. Murri, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica A. Murri, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ornella de Bari
- Clinica Medica A. Murri, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Anthony Lembo
- Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Ballou
- Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of chronic inflammatory disease and its etiology and pathogenesis are not clear. Accumulating evidence has indicated that the interactions among genotype, immune system and intestinal microbiota of patients play a significant role in the pathogenesis of UC. At present, it is difficult to cure UC. The main goals of UC treatment include inducing remission rapidly, maintaining the remission stage for a long time and preventing the occurrence of complications. As the incidence of UC keeps rising sharply in the recent 20 years, and a portion of patients have no response to the treatments or the effects are not satisfying, it is necessary to make further research for the treatment of UC. There are some main medical treatments for UC, such as 5-ASA, immune inhibitors, biological agents, Chinese herbal medicine, antibiotics and probiotics. In recent years, some new treatments such as stem cell transplantation, fecal bacteria transplantation and CO enema treatment are becoming the hot spot of research. This article will make a summary of the progress in medical treatment of UC in recent years.
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Hasdemir B, Mhaske P, Paruthiyil S, Garnett EA, Heyman MB, Matloubian M, Bhargava A. Sex- and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2- dependent actions of urocortin 1 during inflammation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R1244-57. [PMID: 27053649 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00445.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2) and its high-affinity agonist urocortin 1 (Ucn1) mediate sex-specific signaling and immune responses. Intrarectal trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was used to induce experimental colitis in wild-type, CRF2 knockout (CRF2KO), and heterozygous (CRF2Ht) mice of both sexes. Changes in plasma extravasation, organ weight, survival, immune cell numbers, inflammatory cytokines, and the MAPK signaling pathway were assessed. Stored intestinal biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and age- and sex-matched individuals without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were examined by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy to characterize Ucn1 and CRF receptor expression. CRF2Ht mice of both sexes showed decreased survival during colitis compared with other genotypes. Ucn1 improved survival in male mice alone. Ucn1 restored colon length and spleen and adrenal weight and decreased colonic TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in male CRF2Ht mice alone. CRF2Ht mice of both sexes showed decreased phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) levels. Ucn1 restored p-Hsp27 levels in male CRF2Ht mice alone. Expression of the chaperone protein Hsp90 decreased during colitis, except in male CRF2Ht mice. Taken together, our data indicate that sex shows significant interaction with genotype and Ucn1 during colitis. Human duodenal and colonic biopsies revealed that sex-specific differences exist in levels of CRF receptors and Ucn1 expression in patients with CD compared with the matched non-IBD subjects. To conclude, Ucn1 mediates sex-specific immune and cellular signaling responses via CRF2, emphasizing the need for inclusion of females in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Hasdemir
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Pallavi Mhaske
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | - Melvin B Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Mehrdad Matloubian
- Division of Rheumatology and Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco;
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Curcumin as a therapeutic agent in the chemoprevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:843-9. [PMID: 26995272 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic ailments of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by recurrent inflammation. Current therapeutic strategies are based on the mitigation of symptoms, including inflammatory remission and healing of mucosal manifestations. Extensive studies have suggested that continuous oxidative damage can lead to the inflammatory signaling cascade in IBD. Curcumin, a potent modulator of cell signaling, is popular for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and has already been shown remarkable therapeutic results in IBD. Here, we review and discuss the effects of curcumin as a therapeutic agent in the chemoprevention of IBD.
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Fattori V, Amaral FA, Verri WA. Neutrophils and arthritis: Role in disease and pharmacological perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:84-98. [PMID: 26826283 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response in the joint can induce an intense accumulation of leukocytes in the tissue that frequently results in severe local damage and loss of function. Neutrophils are essential cells to combat many pathogens, but their arsenal can contribute or aggravate articular inflammation. Here we summarized some aspects of neutrophil biology, their role in inflammation and indicated how the modulation of neutrophil functions could be useful for the treatment of different forms of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flavio A Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Uğuz AC, Öz A, Nazıroğlu M. Curcumin inhibits apoptosis by regulating intracellular calcium release, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial depolarization levels in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:395-401. [PMID: 26608462 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are incurable progressive neurological disorders caused by the degeneration of neuronal cells and characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Curcumin, a turmeric product, is an anti-inflammatory agent and an effective reactive oxygen and nitrogen species scavenging molecule. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the main source of oxidative stress, which is claimed to be the major source of neurological disorders. Hence, in this study we aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on Ca(2+) signaling, oxidative stress parameters, mitochondrial depolarization levels and caspase-3 and -9 activities that are induced by the H2O2 model of oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were divided into four groups namely, the control, curcumin, H2O2, and curcumin + H2O2 groups. The dose and duration of curcumin and H2O2 were determined from published data. The cells in the curcumin, H2O2, and curcumin + H2O2 groups were incubated for 24 h with 5 µM curcumin and 100 µM H2O2. Lipid peroxidation and cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentrations were higher in the H2O2 group than in the control group; however, their levels were lower in the curcumin and curcumin + H2O2 groups than in the H2O2 group alone. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) values were lower in the H2O2 group although they were higher in the curcumin and curcumin + H2O2 groups than in the H2O2 group. Caspase-3 activity was lower in the curcumin group than in the H2O2 group. In conclusion, curcumin strongly induced modulator effects on oxidative stress, intracellular Ca(2+) levels, and the caspase-3 and -9 values in an experimental oxidative stress model in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdülhadi Cihangir Uğuz
- a Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey and.,b Neuroscience Research Center, Süleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Ahmi Öz
- a Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey and
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- a Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey and.,b Neuroscience Research Center, Süleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
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Schaffer M, Schaffer PM, Bar-Sela G. An update on Curcuma as a functional food in the control of cancer and inflammation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2015; 18:605-11. [PMID: 26418821 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Curcumin, commonly known as turmeric, is a spice that comes from the root Curcuma longa. The present article presents an update of new studies of curcumin activities as tested in anticancer models from 2011 to 2015. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence from in-vitro and in-vivo research, together with clinical trials conducted over the past few decades, substantiates the potential of curcumin as an anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent. The development of formulations of curcumin in the form of nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, or phospholipid complexes to enhance its bioavailability and efficacy are still in the early stages. Clinical trials with curcumin indicate safety, tolerability, and nontoxicity. However, the efficacy is questionable, based on the small numbers of patients in each study. SUMMARY The laboratory and the clinical studies until 2011 were summarized in a review published in this journal. An update of the new studies and knowledge from 2011 to March 2015 focuses on new ways to overcome its low bioavailability and data from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Schaffer
- aInstitute of Oncology, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya bBar-Ilan Faculty of Medicine, Israel cFaculty of Medicine, University of Oradea, Romania dDepartment of Radiation Therapy, Bad Trissl Clinic, Oberaudorf, Germany eDivision of Oncology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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The Effect of Curcumin on an Animal Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Model for Bacterial Translocation and Inflammatory Response. Int Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-15-00004.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury of the intestine is a major problem in abdominal pathological condition and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of curcumin on the bacterial translocation incidence and inflammatory response in rats submitted to bowel ischemia reperfusion injury. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats with a weight of 200 to 250 g were used in the study. They were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 for each group): sham only operated group(group I); IR group (group II); and IR + curcumin treatment group (group III). Curcumin (curcumin from Curcuma longa) 20 mg/kg/day was given orally to the curcumin group. All animals were given 109 E. Coli by orogastric intubation 12 hours before sampling. Seventy-two hours after the first operation, mesenteric lymph node and blood samples were obtained and cultured. Blood samples of 2 mL were obtained for a polymerase chain reaction study. A piece of terminal ileum was also sampled for histopathologic examination. Mesenteric lymph node and blood cultures of all control animals were positive for microbiological growth, and polymerase chain reaction results were positive in seven of the eight rats. Histopathologically, edema, vasodilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration were found to be less in the other groups in comparison to the control group. Curcumin reduced bacterial translocation in blood, hepatocellular damage, and plasma cytokine levels. Curcumin reduced the incidence of bacterial translocation in intestinal I/R. rats. These results suggest that Curcumin would be clinically useful in the treatment of intestinal I/R injury.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal microbiota influences the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. With diet being a key determinant of the gut microbial ecology, dietary interventions are an attractive avenue for the prevention of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Curcumin is the most active constituent of the ground rhizome of the Curcuma longa plant, which has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiproliferative properties. METHODS Il10 mice on 129/SvEv background were used as a model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Starting at 10 weeks of age, wild-type or Il10 mice received 6 weekly intraperitoneal injections of azoxymethane (AOM) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and were started on either a control or a curcumin-supplemented diet. Stools were collected every 4 weeks for microbial community analysis. Mice were killed at 30 weeks of age. RESULTS Curcumin-supplemented diet increased survival, decreased colon weight/length ratio, and, at 0.5%, entirely eliminated tumor burden. Although colonic histology indicated improvement with curcumin, no effects of mucosal immune responses have been observed in PBS/Il10 mice and limited effects were seen in AOM/Il10 mice. In wild-type and in Il10 mice, curcumin increased bacterial richness, prevented age-related decrease in alpha diversity, increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillales, and decreased Coriobacterales order. Taxonomic profile of AOM/Il10 mice receiving curcumin was more similar to those of wild-type mice than those fed control diet. CONCLUSIONS In AOM/Il10 model, curcumin reduced or eliminated colonic tumor burden with limited effects on mucosal immune responses. The beneficial effect of curcumin on tumorigenesis was associated with the maintenance of a more diverse colonic microbial ecology.
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