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Rubio V, McInchak N, Fernandez G, Benavides D, Herrera D, Jimenez C, Mesa H, Meade J, Zhang Q, Stawikowski MJ. Modular Fluorescent Cholesterol Naphthalimide Probes And Their Application For Cholesterol Trafficking Studies In Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600118. [PMID: 38979187 PMCID: PMC11230193 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Development of fluorescent cholesterol analogs to better understand subcellular cholesterol trafficking is of great interest for cell biology and medicine. Our approach utilizes a bifunctional 1,8-naphthalimide scaffold with a push-pull character, modified on one side with a head group and a linker on the other side connecting it to cholesterol via an ester bond. Through structure-function studies, we've explored how different substituents-linkers and head groups-affect the ability of these fluorescent cholesterol naphthalimide analogs (CNDs) to mimic natural cholesterol behavior at both molecular and cellular levels. We categorized the resulting analogs into three groups: neutral, charged, and those featuring a hydroxyl group. Each compound was assessed for its solvatochromic behavior in organic solvents and model membranes. Extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations helped us examine how these analogs perform in model membranes compared to cholesterol. Additionally, we investigated the partitioning of these fluorescent probes in phase-separated giant unilamellar vesicles. We evaluated the uptake and distribution of these probes within mouse fibroblast cells and astrocytes, for their subcellular distributions in lysosomes and compared that to BODIPY-cholesterol, a well-regarded fluorescent cholesterol analog. The internalization efficiency of the fluorescent probes varies in different cell types and is affected mainly by the head groups. Our results demonstrate that the modular design significantly simplifies the creation of fluorescent cholesterol probes bearing distinct spectral, biophysical, and cellular targeting features, which makes it a valuable toolkit for the investigation of subcellular distribution and trafficking of cholesterol and its derivatives.
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Shen M, Yuan L, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang M, Li H, Jing Y, Zeng F, Xie J. Phytosterols: Physiological Functions and Potential Application. Foods 2024; 13:1754. [PMID: 38890982 PMCID: PMC11171835 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of natural substances to regulate physiological functions is currently regarded as a potential way of promoting health. As one of the recommended dietary ingredients, phytosterols that are natural bioactive compounds distributed in plants have received increasing attention for their health effects. Phytosterols have attracted great attention from scientists because of many physiological functions, for example, cholesterol-lowering, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, the physiological functions of phytosterols, the purification, structure analysis, synthesis, and food application of phytosterols have been widely studied. Nowadays, many bioactivities of phytosterols have been assessed in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms of their pharmacological activities are not yet fully understood, and in-depth investigation of the relationship between structure and function is crucial. Therefore, a contemporaneous overview of the extraction, beneficial properties, and the mechanisms, as well as the current states of phytosterol application, in the food field of phytosterols is provided in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.S.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (F.Z.)
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Xinyi X, Gong Y. The role of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 in tumor progression. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7285. [PMID: 38896016 PMCID: PMC11187935 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 is mostly known as a transporter for intracellular cholesterol efflux, and a number of studies indicate that ABCG1 also functions actively in tumor initiation and progression. This review aimed to provide an overall review of how ABCG1 acts in tumor progression. METHOD A comprehensive searching about ABCG1 and tumor was conducted up to November 2023 using proper keywords through databases including PubMed and Web of Science. RESULT Overall, ABCG1 plays a crucial role in the development of multiple tumorigenesis. ABCG1 enhances tumor-promoting ability through conferring stem-like properties to cancer cells and mediates chemoresistance in multiple cancers. Additionally, ABCG1 may act as a kinase to phosphorylate downstream molecules and induces tumor growth. In tumor microenvironment, ABCG1 plays a substantial role in immunity response through macrophages to create a tumor-favoring circumstance. CONCLUSION High expression of ABCG1 is usually associated with poor prognosis, which means ABCG1 may be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers. ABCG1-targeted therapy may provide a novel treatment for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xinyi
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of ShanghaiFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Gong
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of ShanghaiFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyFudan University Shanghai Medical SchoolShanghaiChina
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Yazdi MK, Alavi MS, Roohbakhsh A. The role of ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) in Alzheimer's disease: A review of the mechanisms. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:423-438. [PMID: 38275217 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis is essential for central nervous system function. Consequently, factors that affect cholesterol homeostasis are linked to neurological disorders and pathologies. Among them, ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) plays a significant role in atherosclerosis. However, its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. There is inconsistent information regarding ABCG1's role in AD. It can increase or decrease amyloid β (Aβ) levels in animals' brains. Clinical studies show that ABCG1 is involved in AD patients' impairment of cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Lower Aβ levels in the CSF are correlated with ABCG1-mediated CEC dysfunction. ABCG1 modulates α-, β-, and γ-secretase activities in the plasma membrane and may affect Aβ production in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM) cell compartment. Despite contradictory findings regarding ABCG1's role in AD, this review shows that ABCG1 has a role in Aβ generation via modulation of membrane secretases. It is, however, necessary to investigate the underlying mechanism(s). ABCG1 may also contribute to AD pathology through its role in apoptosis and oxidative stress. As a result, ABCG1 plays a role in AD and is a candidate for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbasi Yazdi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Jiang Y, Yu M, Song ZF, Wei ZY, Huang J, Qian HY. Targeted Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Bioinspired Exosome-Mimetic Nanovesicles with Platelet Membrane Fusion for Atherosclerotic Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2553-2571. [PMID: 38505171 PMCID: PMC10949310 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s452824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Accumulating evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes hold significant potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis. However, large-scale production and organ-specific targeting of exosomes are still challenges for further clinical applications. This study aims to explore the targeted efficiency and therapeutic potential of biomimetic platelet membrane-coated exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (P-ENVs) in atherosclerosis. Methods To produce exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (ENVs), MSCs were successively extruded through polycarbonate porous membranes. P-ENVs were engineered by fusing MSC-derived ENVs with platelet membranes and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot. The stability and safety of P-ENVs were also assessed. The targeted efficacy of P-ENVs was evaluated using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) spectrum imaging system and immunofluorescence. Histological analyses, Oil Red O (ORO) staining, and Western blot were used to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effectiveness of P-ENVs. Results Both ENVs and P-ENVs exhibited similar characteristics to exosomes. Subsequent miRNA sequencing of P-ENVs revealed their potential to mitigate atherosclerosis by influencing biological processes related to cholesterol metabolism. In an ApoE-/- mice model, the intravenous administration of P-ENVs exhibited enhanced targeting of atherosclerotic plaques, resulting in a significant reduction in lipid deposition and necrotic core area. Our in vitro experiments showed that P-ENVs promoted cholesterol efflux and reduced total cholesterol content in foam cells. Further analysis revealed that P-ENVs attenuated intracellular cholesterol accumulation by upregulating the expression of the critical cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Conclusion This study highlighted the potential of P-ENVs as a novel nano-drug delivery platform for enhancing drug delivery efficiency while concurrently mitigating adverse reactions in atherosclerotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng Song
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yao Wei
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Huang
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Qian
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Sun J, Xie F, Wang J, Luo J, Chen T, Jiang Q, Xi Q, Liu GE, Zhang Y. Integrated meta-omics reveals the regulatory landscape involved in lipid metabolism between pig breeds. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:33. [PMID: 38374121 PMCID: PMC10877772 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domesticated pigs serve as an ideal animal model for biomedical research and also provide the majority of meat for human consumption in China. Porcine intramuscular fat content associates with human health and diseases and is essential in pork quality. The molecular mechanisms controlling lipid metabolism and intramuscular fat accretion across tissues in pigs, and how these changes in response to pig breeds, remain largely unknown. RESULTS We surveyed the tissue-resident cell types of the porcine jejunum, colon, liver, and longissimus dorsi muscle between Lantang and Landrace breeds by single-cell RNA sequencing. Combining lipidomics and metagenomics approaches, we also characterized gene signatures and determined key discriminating markers of lipid digestibility, absorption, conversion, and deposition across tissues in two pig breeds. In Landrace, lean-meat swine mainly exhibited breed-specific advantages in lipid absorption and oxidation for energy supply in small and large intestinal epitheliums, nascent high-density lipoprotein synthesis for reverse cholesterol transport in enterocytes and hepatocytes, bile acid formation, and secretion for fat emulsification in hepatocytes, as well as intestinal-microbiota gene expression involved in lipid accumulation product. In Lantang, obese-meat swine showed a higher synthesis capacity of chylomicrons responsible for high serum triacylglycerol levels in small intestinal epitheliums, the predominant characteristics of lipid absorption in muscle tissue, and greater intramuscular adipcytogenesis potentials from muscular fibro-adipogenic progenitor subpopulation. CONCLUSIONS The findings enhanced our understanding of the cellular biology of lipid metabolism and opened new avenues to improve animal production and human diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
| | - George E Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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Zeng GG, Lei Q, Jiang WL, Zhang XX, Nie L, Gong X, Zheng K. A new perspective on the current and future development potential of ABCG1. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102161. [PMID: 37875209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
ABCG1 is an essential protein involved in the efflux of intracellular cholesterol to the extracellular space, thus playing a critical role in reducing cholesterol accumulation in neighboring tissues. Bibliometric analysis pertains to the interdisciplinary field of quantitative examination of diverse documents using mathematical and statistical techniques. It integrates the investigation of structural and temporal patterns in academic publications with an exploration of subject focus and forms of uncertainty. This research paper examines the historical evolution, current areas of interest, and future development trends of ABCG1 through bibliometric analysis. This study aims to offer readers insights into the research status and emerging trends of ABCG1, thereby assisting researchers in the exciting field to explore novel research avenues. Following rigorous selection, research on ABCG1 has remained highly active over the past two decades. ABCG1 has even started to emerge in previously unrelated fields, such as the field of cancer research. According to the analysis conducted by Citespace, a lot of keywords and influential citations were identified. ABCG1 has been found to establish a connection between cancer and cardiovascular disease, highlighting their interrelationship. This review aims to assist readers who have limited familiarity with ABCG1 research in gaining a rapid understanding of its developmental trajectory. Additionally, it aims to offer researchers potential areas of focus for future studies related to ABCG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Gui Zeng
- Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qiong Lei
- Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wan-Li Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xing-Xing Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Liluo Nie
- Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xianghao Gong
- Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Kang Zheng
- Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Kumar R, Chhillar N, Gupta DS, Kaur G, Singhal S, Chauhan T. Cholesterol Homeostasis, Mechanisms of Molecular Pathways, and Cardiac Health: A Current Outlook. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102081. [PMID: 37716543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of lipoproteins, which regulate the transit of the lipid to and from tissues, is crucial to maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. Cardiac remodeling is referred to as a set of molecular, cellular, and interstitial changes that, following injury, affect the size, shape, function, mass, and geometry of the heart. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which can be made from glucose, amino acids, or fatty acids, is the precursor for the synthesis of cholesterol. In this article, the authors explain concepts behind cardiac remodeling, its clinical ramifications, and the pathophysiological roles played by numerous various components, such as cell death, neurohormonal activation, oxidative stress, contractile proteins, energy metabolism, collagen, calcium transport, inflammation, and geometry. The levels of cholesterol are traditionally regulated by 2 biological mechanisms at the transcriptional stage. First, the SREBP transcription factor family regulates the transcription of crucial rate-limiting cholesterogenic and lipogenic proteins, which in turn limits cholesterol production. Immune cells become activated, differentiated, and divided, during an immune response with the objective of eradicating the danger signal. In addition to creating ATP, which is used as energy, this process relies on metabolic reprogramming of both catabolic and anabolic pathways to create metabolites that play a crucial role in regulating the response. Because of changes in signal transduction, malfunction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma, impairment of calcium handling, increases in cardiac fibrosis, and progressive loss of cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress appears to be the primary mechanism that causes the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. De novo cholesterol production, intestinal cholesterol absorption, and biliary cholesterol output are consequently crucial processes in cholesterol homeostasis. In the article's final section, the pharmacological management of cardiac remodeling is explored. The route of treatment is explained in different steps: including, promising, and potential strategies. This chapter offers a brief overview of the history of the study of cholesterol absorption as well as the different potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelam Chhillar
- Deparetment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, DY Patil University, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Dhruv Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Shailey Singhal
- Cluster of Applied Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Tanya Chauhan
- Division of Forensic Biology, National Forensic Sciences University, Delhi Campus (LNJN NICFS) Delhi, India
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Ghosh S, Rihan M, Ahmed S, Pande AH, Sharma SS. Immunomodulatory potential of apolipoproteins and their mimetic peptides in asthma: Current perspective. Respir Med 2022; 204:107007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Duan Y, Gong K, Xu S, Zhang F, Meng X, Han J. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in health and diseases: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:265. [PMID: 35918332 PMCID: PMC9344793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis plays critical roles in the development of multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, particularly the CVD in which the accumulation of lipids (mainly the cholesteryl esters) within macrophage/foam cells underneath the endothelial layer drives the formation of atherosclerotic lesions eventually. More and more studies have shown that lowering cholesterol level, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, protects cardiovascular system and prevents cardiovascular events effectively. Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is determined by cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, efflux, transport, storage, utilization, and/or excretion. All the processes should be precisely controlled by the multiple regulatory pathways. Based on the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, many interventions have been developed to lower cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake or enhancing cholesterol utilization and excretion. Herein, we summarize the historical review and research events, the current understandings of the molecular pathways playing key roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, and the cholesterol-lowering interventions in clinics or in preclinical studies as well as new cholesterol-lowering targets and their clinical advances. More importantly, we review and discuss the benefits of those interventions for the treatment of multiple diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis and virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xianshe Meng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Chen L, Zhao ZW, Zeng PH, Zhou YJ, Yin WJ. Molecular mechanisms for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1121-1139. [PMID: 35192423 PMCID: PMC9103275 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2042777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular cholesterol homeostasis is essential for normal cell function and viability. Excessive cholesterol accumulation is detrimental to cells and serves as the molecular basis of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes mellitus. The peripheral cells do not have the ability to degrade cholesterol. Cholesterol efflux is therefore the only pathway to eliminate excessive cholesterol from these cells. This process is predominantly mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), an integral membrane protein. ABCA1 is known to transfer intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) for generating nascent high-density lipoprotein (nHDL) particles. nHDL can accept more free cholesterol from peripheral cells. Free cholesterol is then converted to cholesteryl ester by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase to form mature HDL. HDL-bound cholesterol enters the liver for biliary secretion and fecal excretion. Although how cholesterol is transported by ABCA1 to apoA-I remains incompletely understood, nine models have been proposed to explain this effect. In this review, we focus on the current view of the mechanisms underlying ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to provide an important framework for future investigation and lipid-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Peng-Hui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China,CONTACT Wen-Jun Yin Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, China
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Li Q, Wang Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang Q, Cai W, Wang Z, Zhu B, Xu L, Gao X, Chen Y, Gao H, Li J, Zhang L. Transcriptional states and chromatin accessibility during bovine myoblasts proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13219. [PMID: 35362202 PMCID: PMC9136495 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although major advances have been made in bovine epigenome study, the epigenetic basis for fetal skeletal muscle development still remains poorly understood. The aim is to recapitulated the time course of fetal skeletal muscle development in vitro, and explore the dynamic changes of chromatin accessibility and gene expression during bovine myoblasts proliferation and differentiation. Methods PDGFR‐ cells were isolated from bovine fetal skeletal muscle, then cultured and induced myogenic differentiation in vitro in a time‐course study (P, D0, D2,and D4). The assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC‐seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) were performed. Results Among the enriched transcriptional factors with high variability, we determined the effects of MAFF, ZNF384, and KLF6 in myogenesis using RNA interference (RNAi). In addition, we identified both stage‐specific genes and chromatin accessibility regions to reveal the sequential order of gene expression, transcriptional regulatory, and signal pathways involved in bovine skeletal muscle development. Further investigation integrating chromatin accessibility and transcriptome data was conducted to explore cis‐regulatory regions in line with gene expression. Moreover, we combined bovine GWAS results of growth traits with regulatory regions defined by chromatin accessibility, providing a suggestive means for a more precise annotation of genetic variants of bovine growth traits. Conclusion Overall, these findings provide valuable information for understanding the stepwise regulatory mechanisms in skeletal muscle development and conducting beef cattle genetic improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yapeng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zezhao Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Huijiang Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Junya Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lupei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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13
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ABCA1 rs1883025 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 Gene Polymorphism Association with Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Anti-VEGF Treatment. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2021; 57:medicina57090974. [PMID: 34577897 PMCID: PMC8470098 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathophysiology is multifactorial, as it consists of interactions between aging, genetic, and environmental factors. We aimed to determine a relationship between AMD and the genes controlling lipid metabolism, and to assess its association with treatment results. The purpose was to find the ABCA1 rs1883025 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 gene polymorphisms in patients with exudative AMD (eAMD) treated with anti-VEGF. Materials and Methods: The study enroled 104 patients with eAMD and 201 healthy persons in a control group. The genotyping of rs1883025 and rs2108622 was performed using the RT-PCR method. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were measured before anti-VEGF therapy, then at three and six months during the therapy, using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The patients were grouped to responders and non-responders according to the changes in BCVA and CRT. Results: The T allele at rs1883025 was more frequent in non-responder eAMD patients compared to responder eAMD patients (41.7% vs. 21.1%; p = 0.009). The analysis of rs2108622 gene polymorphism did not reveal any differences in the distribution of C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes between the eAMD group and the control group (56.35%, 39.78%, and 3.87% in the eAMD group and 53.33%, 39.05% and 7.62% in the control group, respectively, p = 0.286). The comparison of CRT and BCVA between the rs2108622 genotypes revealed statistically significant differences: CRT was thicker for the CC carriers than for those with CT and TT genotypes (p = 0.030). Conclusion: The rs1883025 T allele was found to play a more significant role in non-responder eAMD patients compared to responder eAMD patients. The rs2108622 genotypes revealed statistically significant differences: CRT was thicker for the CC carriers than for those with CT and TT genotypes.
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Li H, Yu XH, Ou X, Ouyang XP, Tang CK. Hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101109. [PMID: 34097928 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a quickly emerging global health problem representing the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Cholesterol metabolism has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. The liver is the major organ for cholesterol metabolism. Abnormal hepatic cholesterol metabolism not only leads to NAFLD but also drives the development of atherosclerotic dyslipidemia. The cholesterol level in hepatocytes reflects the dynamic balance between endogenous synthesis, uptake, esterification, and export, a process in which cholesterol is converted to neutral cholesteryl esters either for storage in cytosolic lipid droplets or for secretion as a major constituent of plasma lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins, chylomicrons, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins. In this review, we describe decades of research aimed at identifying key molecules and cellular players involved in each main aspect of hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we summarize the recent advances regarding the biological processes of hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in NAFLD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 460106, China
| | - Xiang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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15
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Gao Y, Li JT, Li X, Li X, Yang SW, Chen NH, Li L, Zhang L. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics and multivariate data analysis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:3832-3862. [PMID: 33111343 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG) is a main active compound in Polygonum multiflorum. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known analgesic and antipyretic drug. It is considered to be safe within a therapeutic range, in case of acute intoxication hepatotoxicity occurs. This present study aims to observe TSG-provided alleviation on APAP-induced hepatoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. APAP performs extensive necrosis and dissolves nucleus suggesting liver damage from hepatic histopathology. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase analysis and liver histological evaluation showed that TSG reduced the hepatotoxicity induced by a toxic dose of APAP. Moreover, TSG alone had no hepatotoxicity. TSG eliminated hepatic glutathione depletion and cysteine adducts formation. It also reduced the expression of interleukin-10 and lowered the production of reactive oxygen species in liver tissues. Luminex was used to detect cytokine production in different groups. Herein, we used an untargeted metabolomics approach by performing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry on treated mice to identify metabolic disruptions under APAP and TSG. Major alterations were observed for purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. These data provide metabolic evidence and biomarkers in the liver that the ABC transporters, Glycine serine and threonine metabolism, and Choline metabolism in cancer changed the most. These targets of metabolites have the potential to improve our understanding of homeostatic. Meanwhile, these metabolites revealed that TSG can alleviate inflammation caused by APAP and promote the activity of intrinsic antioxidants. In summary, TSG can regulate lipid metabolism, promote the production of antioxidant enzymes, and decrease the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Tong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Song-Wei Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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16
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Tsilimigras DI, Bibli SI, Siasos G, Oikonomou E, Perrea DN, Filis K, Tousoulis D, Sigala F. Regulation of Long Non-Coding RNAs by Statins in Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050623. [PMID: 33922114 PMCID: PMC8143454 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite increased public health awareness, atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Significant variations in response to statin treatment have been noted among different populations suggesting that the efficacy of statins may be altered by both genetic and environmental factors. The existing literature suggests that certain long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) might be up- or downregulated among patients with atherosclerosis. LncRNA may act on multiple levels (cholesterol homeostasis, vascular inflammation, and plaque destabilization) and exert atheroprotective or atherogenic effects. To date, only a few studies have investigated the interplay between statins and lncRNAs known to be implicated in atherosclerosis. The current review characterizes the role of lncRNAs in atherosclerosis and summarizes the available evidence related to the effect of statins in regulating lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamantis I. Tsilimigras
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.F.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-697-5683-212
| | - Sofia-Iris Bibli
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (E.O.); (D.T.)
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (E.O.); (D.T.)
| | - Despina N. Perrea
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Filis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.F.); (F.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (E.O.); (D.T.)
| | - Fragiska Sigala
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.F.); (F.S.)
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17
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Chen X, Su L, Yang Y, Qv J, Wei T, Cui X, Shao J, Liu S, Xu Z, Zhao B, Miao J. A new activator of esterase D decreases blood cholesterol level through ESD/JAB1/ABCA1 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4750-4763. [PMID: 33615471 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Excessively high cholesterol content in the blood leads to nonalcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and arteriosclerosis. Although there are increasing publications and patent applications to lower blood cholesterol with small chemical molecules, limited effective drugs can be available in clinic. It is necessary to uncover new targets and drugs to alleviate high cholesterol. Esterase D (ESD) is abundant in liver and it remains unknown about its role in cholesterol metabolism. Here we reported that small chemical molecule fluorescigenic pyrazoline derivative 5 (FPD5), a new ESD activator, could effectively reverse high blood cholesterol level and prevent fatty liver and arteriosclerosis in apoE-/- mice fed the high-fat diet. We also observed that FPD5 could reduce oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced formation of foam cells. To further investigate the mechanism of FPD5 action on blood cholesterol modulation, we found that ESD trigged by FPD5 was aggregated in lysosome and interacted with Jun activation domain binding protein 1 (JAB1). ESD served as a deacetylase to remove Thr89 acetylation of JAB1 and increased its activity; thus, promoting the ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1) to accelerate cholesterol efflux. Our findings demonstrate that FPD5 decreases blood cholesterol level to ameliorate NAFLD and arteriosclerosis through ESD/JAB1/ABCA1 pathway, and ESD functions as a novel nonclassical deacetylase that hydrolyzes serine/threonine acetyl group. Our findings not only highlight that FPD5 may be a pioneer drug for alleviating blood cholesterol but also indicate that ESD is a potential drug target that promotes cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, School of Life Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, P.R. China
| | - Le Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yuejun Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jingyao Qv
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Tiandi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Baoxiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Junying Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
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18
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Xavier BM, Zein AA, Venes A, Wang J, Lee JY. Transmembrane Polar Relay Drives the Allosteric Regulation for ABCG5/G8 Sterol Transporter. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228747. [PMID: 33228147 PMCID: PMC7699580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) sterol transporter, ABCG5/G8, is responsible for the biliary and transintestinal secretion of cholesterol and dietary plant sterols. Missense mutations of ABCG5/G8 can cause sitosterolemia, a loss-of-function disorder characterized by plant sterol accumulation and premature atherosclerosis. A new molecular framework was recently established by a crystal structure of human ABCG5/G8 and reveals a network of polar and charged amino acids in the core of the transmembrane domains, namely, a polar relay. In this study, we utilize genetic variants to dissect the mechanistic role of this transmembrane polar relay in controlling ABCG5/G8 function. We demonstrated a sterol-coupled ATPase activity of ABCG5/G8 by cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS), a relatively water-soluble cholesterol memetic, and characterized CHS-coupled ATPase activity of three loss-of-function missense variants, R543S, E146Q, and A540F, which are respectively within, in contact with, and distant from the polar relay. The results established an in vitro phenotype of the loss-of-function and missense mutations of ABCG5/G8, showing significantly impaired ATPase activity and loss of energy sufficient to weaken the signal transmission from the transmembrane domains. Our data provide a biochemical evidence underlying the importance of the polar relay and its network in regulating the catalytic activity of ABCG5/G8 sterol transporter.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Allosteric Regulation
- Binding Sites
- Biological Transport
- Cholesterol/chemistry
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol Esters/chemistry
- Cholesterol Esters/metabolism
- Cholic Acid/chemistry
- Cholic Acid/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Hypercholesterolemia/genetics
- Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism
- Hypercholesterolemia/pathology
- Intestinal Diseases/genetics
- Intestinal Diseases/metabolism
- Intestinal Diseases/pathology
- Kinetics
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology
- Lipoproteins/chemistry
- Lipoproteins/genetics
- Lipoproteins/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Phytosterols/adverse effects
- Phytosterols/genetics
- Phytosterols/metabolism
- Pichia/chemistry
- Pichia/genetics
- Pichia/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala M. Xavier
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Aiman A. Zein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Angelica Venes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +1-412-383-3268 (J.W.); +1-613-562-5800 (ext. 8308) (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Jyh-Yeuan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +1-412-383-3268 (J.W.); +1-613-562-5800 (ext. 8308) (J.-Y.L.)
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19
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Kudinov VA, Alekseeva OY, Torkhovskaya TI, Baskaev KK, Artyushev RI, Saburina IN, Markin SS. High-Density Lipoproteins as Homeostatic Nanoparticles of Blood Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8737. [PMID: 33228032 PMCID: PMC7699323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that blood lipoproteins (LPs) are multimolecular complexes of lipids and proteins that play a crucial role in lipid transport. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a class of blood plasma LPs that mediate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)-cholesterol transport from the peripheral tissues to the liver. Due to this ability to promote cholesterol uptake from cell membranes, HDL possess antiatherogenic properties. This function was first observed at the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s, resulting in high interest in this class of LPs. It was shown that HDL are the prevalent class of LPs in several types of living organisms (from fishes to monkeys) with high resistance to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders. Lately, understanding of the mechanisms of the antiatherogenic properties of HDL has significantly expanded. Besides the contribution to RCT, HDL have been shown to modulate inflammatory processes, blood clotting, and vasomotor responses. These particles also possess antioxidant properties and contribute to immune reactions and intercellular signaling. Herein, we review data on the structure and mechanisms of the pleiotropic biological functions of HDL from the point of view of their evolutionary role and complex dynamic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Kudinov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Developmental Pathology, FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Experimental Drug Research and Production Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.B.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Olga Yu. Alekseeva
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry, People’s Friendship University (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Torkhovskaya
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Transport Systems and Nanomedicines, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Konstantin K. Baskaev
- Experimental Drug Research and Production Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.B.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Rafael I. Artyushev
- Experimental Drug Research and Production Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.B.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Irina N. Saburina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Developmental Pathology, FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey S. Markin
- Clinical Research Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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20
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Abstract
Purpose of Review To summarize recent insights into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in atherosclerosis. Because atherosclerosis is the main underlying pathology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the world’s deadliest disease, finding novel therapeutic strategies is of high interest. Recent Findings LncRNAs can bind to proteins, DNA, and RNA regulating disease initiation and plaque growth as well as plaque stability in different cell types such as endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and macrophages. A number of lncRNAs have been implicated in cholesterol homeostasis and foam cell formation such as LASER, LeXis, and CHROME. Among others, MANTIS, lncRNA-CCL2, and MALAT1 were shown to be involved in vascular inflammation. Further regulations include, but are not limited to, DNA damage response in ECs, phenotypic switch of VSMCs, and various cell death mechanisms. Interestingly, some lncRNAs are closely correlated with response to statin treatment, such as NEXN-AS1 or LASER. Additionally, some lncRNAs may serve as CVD biomarkers. Summary LncRNAs are a potential novel therapeutic target to treat CVD, but research of lncRNA in atherosclerosis is still in its infancy. With increasing knowledge of the complex and diverse regulations of lncRNAs in the heterogeneous environment of atherosclerotic plaques, lncRNAs hold promise for their clinical translation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Josefs
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, VU University, Amsterdam UMC, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, VU University, Amsterdam UMC, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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21
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Ochoa-Guzmán A, Moreno-Macías H, Guillén-Quintero D, Chávez-Talavera O, Ordoñez-Sánchez ML, Segura-Kato Y, Ortíz V, Díaz-Díaz E, Muñoz-Hernández L, García A, Pérez-Méndez O, Zentella-Dehesa A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Tusié-Luna MT. R230C but not - 565C/T variant of the ABCA1 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes in Mexicans through an effect on lowering HDL-cholesterol levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1061-1071. [PMID: 32016916 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and low serum concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) are common coexisting metabolic disorders. ABCA1 variants have been shown to be associated to these conditions. We sought to test the combined effect of two ABCA1 gene common variants, rs2422493 (- 565C > T) and rs9282541 (R230C) on HDL-c levels and T2D risk. METHODS Path analysis was conducted in 3,303 Mexican-mestizos to assess the specific contributions of rs2422493 and rs9282541 ABCA1 variants, insulin resistance, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and age on HDL-c levels and T2D risk. Participants were classified into four groups according to their ABCA1 variants carrier status: (i) the reference group carried wild type alleles for both ABCA1 variants (-/-), (ii) +/- were carriers of rs2422493 but non-carriers of rs9282541, (iii) -/+ for carriers of rs9282541 but not carriers of rs2422493 and (iv) carriers of minor alleles for both SNPs (+/+). Principal components from two previous genome-wide association studies were used to control for ethnicity. RESULTS We identified significant indirect effects on T2D risk mediated by HDL-c in groups -/+ and +/+ (β = 0.04; p = 0.03 and β = 0.06; p < 0.01, respectively) in comparison to the -/- reference group. Low concentrations of HDL-c were directly and significantly associated with increased T2D risk (β = -0.70; p < 0.01). WHtR, male gender, age, and insulin resistance were also associated with T2D risk (p < 0.05). There was no significant direct effect for any of the ABCA1 groups on T2D risk: p = 0.99, p = 0.58, and p = 0.91 for groups +/-, -/+, and +/+ respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ABCA1 rs9282541 (R230C) allele is associated with T2D in Mexicans through its effect on lowering HDL-c levels. This is the first report demonstrating that HDL-c levels act as an intermediate factor between an ABCA1 variant and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ochoa-Guzmán
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - D Guillén-Quintero
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - M L Ordoñez-Sánchez
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Y Segura-Kato
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - V Ortíz
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Muñoz-Hernández
- Research Unit On Metabolic Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A García
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - O Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Zentella-Dehesa
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C A Aguilar-Salinas
- Research Unit On Metabolic Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M T Tusié-Luna
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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22
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Castaño D, Rattanasopa C, Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Corlianò M, Liu Y, Zhong S, Rusu M, Liehn EA, Singaraja RR. Lipid efflux mechanisms, relation to disease and potential therapeutic aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:54-93. [PMID: 32423566 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules involved in diverse functions such as membrane structure, energy metabolism, immunity, and signaling. However, altered intra-cellular lipid levels or composition can lead to metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, as well as lipotoxicity. Thus, intra-cellular lipid homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms. Since most peripheral cells do not catabolize cholesterol, efflux (extra-cellular transport) of cholesterol is vital for lipid homeostasis. Defective efflux contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired β-cell insulin secretion, and neuropathology. Of these, defective lipid efflux in macrophages in the arterial walls leading to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation has been the most well studied, likely because a leading global cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Circulating high density lipoprotein particles play critical roles as acceptors of effluxed cellular lipids, suggesting their importance in disease etiology. We review here mechanisms and pathways that modulate lipid efflux, the role of lipid efflux in disease etiology, and therapeutic options aimed at modulating this critical process.
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23
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Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed a global rise in the number of older individuals. Despite this demographic shift, morbidity within this population group is high. Many factors influence healthspan; however, an obesity pandemic is emerging as a significant determinant of older people's health. It is well established that obesity adversely affects several metabolic systems. However, due to its close association with overall cardiometabolic health, the impact that obesity has on cholesterol metabolism needs to be recognised. The aim of the present review is to critically discuss the effects that obesity has on cholesterol metabolism and to reveal its significance for healthy ageing.
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24
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Cai C, Zhu H, Ning X, Li L, Yang B, Chen S, Wang L, Lu X, Gu D. LncRNA ENST00000602558.1 regulates ABCG1 expression and cholesterol efflux from vascular smooth muscle cells through a p65-dependent pathway. Atherosclerosis 2019; 285:31-39. [PMID: 31003090 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.04.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have proven to be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. In addition, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype switching, including VSMCs-derived foam cells formation, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. LncRNA ENST00000602558.1, one of the differentially expressed lncRNAs between coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and healthy controls identified by our previous study, was located to TG and HDL susceptibility loci, but its role and underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remain unclear. The present study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanism of ENST00000602558.1 in the regulation of cholesterol efflux from VSMCs. METHODS ABCG1 mRNA and protein expression in VSMCs was detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux to HDL from VSMCs was measured by means of NBD-cholesterol fluorescence intensity. The binding of ENST00000602558.1 to p65 and p65 to ABCG1 promoter region was detected by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, respectively. RESULTS Overexpression of ENST00000602558.1 downregulated ABCG1 mRNA and protein expression, while knockdown of ENST00000602558.1 upregulated ABCG1 mRNA and protein expression. Consistently, ENST00000602558.1 overexpression decreased ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux to HDL from VSMCs by 30.38% (p < 0.001), and knockdown of ENST00000602558.1 increased ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux to HDL from VSMCs by 30.41% (p = 0.001). In addition to cholesterol efflux, overexpression of ENST00000602558.1 increased lipid accumulation and TC/TG levels, while knockdown of ENST00000602558.1 decreased lipid accumulation and TC/TG levels in VSMCs. Furthermore, we confirmed that ENST00000602558.1 regulated ABCG1 expression and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux from VSMCs through binding to p65. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ENST00000602558.1 played an important role in mediating cholesterol efflux to HDL from VSMCs by regulating ABCG1 expression through binding to p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cai
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaotong Ning
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
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25
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Morita SY, Ikeda Y, Tsuji T, Terada T. Molecular Mechanisms for Protection of Hepatocytes against Bile Salt Cytotoxicity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:333-340. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Morita
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital
| | - Yoshito Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital
| | - Tomohiro Terada
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital
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26
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Storti F, Klee K, Todorova V, Steiner R, Othman A, van der Velde-Visser S, Samardzija M, Meneau I, Barben M, Karademir D, Pauzuolyte V, Boye SL, Blaser F, Ullmer C, Dunaief JL, Hornemann T, Rohrer L, den Hollander A, von Eckardstein A, Fingerle J, Maugeais C, Grimm C. Impaired ABCA1/ABCG1-mediated lipid efflux in the mouse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leads to retinal degeneration. eLife 2019; 8:45100. [PMID: 30864945 PMCID: PMC6435327 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive disease of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the retina leading to loss of central vision. Polymorphisms in genes involved in lipid metabolism, including the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), have been associated with AMD risk. However, the significance of retinal lipid handling for AMD pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we study the contribution of lipid efflux in the RPE by generating a mouse model lacking ABCA1 and its partner ABCG1 specifically in this layer. Mutant mice show lipid accumulation in the RPE, reduced RPE and retinal function, retinal inflammation and RPE/photoreceptor degeneration. Data from human cell lines indicate that the ABCA1 AMD risk-conferring allele decreases ABCA1 expression, identifying the potential molecular cause that underlies the genetic risk for AMD. Our results highlight the essential homeostatic role for lipid efflux in the RPE and suggest a pathogenic contribution of reduced ABCA1 function to AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Storti
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Klee
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vyara Todorova
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regula Steiner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Marijana Samardzija
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Meneau
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maya Barben
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Duygu Karademir
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valda Pauzuolyte
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sanford L Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Frank Blaser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Rohrer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anneke den Hollander
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jürgen Fingerle
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cyrille Maugeais
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Grimm
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Active Cholesterol Efflux in the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1185:51-55. [PMID: 31884588 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of cholesterol as a structural component of photoreceptors and the association between impaired cholesterol homeostasis and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) prompted in the last years a deep investigation of its metabolism in the retina. Here, we focus on the export of cholesterol from intracellular membranes to extracellular acceptors, an active mechanism mediated by the ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 (ABCA1 and G1) also known as "active cholesterol efflux." Expression of genes involved in this pathway was shown for most retinal cells, while functional in vitro assays focused on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) due to availability of cell models. Cell-specific knockout (KO) mice were generated in the past years, and their characterization unveils an important role of the ABCA1/G1 pathway in RPE, rods, and retinal inflammatory cells. The actual involvement of cholesterol efflux in the pathogenesis of AMD still needs to be demonstrated and will help in establishing the scientific rationale for targeting the ABCA1/G1 pathway in retinal diseases.
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28
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Yu XH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Cholesterol transport system: An integrated cholesterol transport model involved in atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:65-91. [PMID: 30528667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease (CVD), is closely associated with cholesterol accumulation in the arterial intima. Excessive cholesterol is removed by the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, representing a major antiatherogenic mechanism. In addition to the RCT, other pathways are required for maintaining the whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Thus, we propose a working model of integrated cholesterol transport, termed the cholesterol transport system (CTS), to describe body cholesterol metabolism. The novel model not only involves the classical view of RCT but also contains other steps, such as cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, low-density lipoprotein uptake by the liver, and transintestinal cholesterol excretion. Extensive studies have shown that dysfunctional CTS is one of the major causes for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Currently, several drugs are available to improve the CTS efficiently. There are also several therapeutic approaches that have entered into clinical trials and shown considerable promise for decreasing the risk of CVD. In recent years, a variety of novel findings reveal the molecular mechanisms for the CTS and its role in the development of atherosclerosis, thereby providing novel insights into the understanding of whole-body cholesterol transport and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the CTS in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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29
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Campanella G, Gunter MJ, Polidoro S, Krogh V, Palli D, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Fiorito G, Guarrera S, Iacoviello L, Bergdahl IA, Melin B, Lenner P, de Kok TMCM, Georgiadis P, Kleinjans JCS, Kyrtopoulos SA, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Lillycrop KA, May AM, Onland-Moret NC, Murray R, Riboli E, Verschuren M, Lund E, Mode N, Sandanger TM, Fiano V, Trevisan M, Matullo G, Froguel P, Elliott P, Vineis P, Chadeau-Hyam M. Epigenome-wide association study of adiposity and future risk of obesity-related diseases. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:2022-2035. [PMID: 29713043 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an established risk factor for several common chronic diseases such as breast and colorectal cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases; however, the biological basis for these relationships is not fully understood. To explore the association of obesity with these conditions, we investigated peripheral blood leucocyte (PBL) DNA methylation markers for adiposity and their contribution to risk of incident breast and colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction. METHODS DNA methylation profiles (Illumina Infinium® HumanMethylation450 BeadChip) from 1941 individuals from four population-based European cohorts were analysed in relation to body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip and waist-height ratio within a meta-analytical framework. In a subset of these individuals, data on genome-wide gene expression level, biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism were also available. Validation of methylation markers associated with all adiposity measures was performed in 358 individuals. Finally, we investigated the association of obesity-related methylation marks with breast, colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction within relevant subsets of the discovery population. RESULTS We identified 40 CpG loci with methylation levels associated with at least one adiposity measure. Of these, one CpG locus (cg06500161) in ABCG1 was associated with all four adiposity measures (P = 9.07×10-8 to 3.27×10-18) and lower transcriptional activity of the full-length isoform of ABCG1 (P = 6.00×10-7), higher triglyceride levels (P = 5.37×10-9) and higher triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (P = 1.03×10-10). Of the 40 informative and obesity-related CpG loci, two (in IL2RB and FGF18) were significantly associated with colorectal cancer (inversely, P < 1.6×10-3) and one intergenic locus on chromosome 1 was inversely associated with myocardial infarction (P < 1.25×10-3), independently of obesity and established risk factors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that epigenetic changes, in particular altered DNA methylation patterns, may be an intermediate biomarker at the intersection of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and could offer clues as to underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Campanella
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO Toscana), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Civile-M.P. Arezzo", Ragusa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Lenner
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Theo M C M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anne M May
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Murray
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Monique Verschuren
- Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT)-The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nicolle Mode
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT)-The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT)-The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Valentina Fiano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology-CERMS, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Morena Trevisan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology-CERMS, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille University, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Liao S, Wu H, Chen R. Apolipoprotein A1 mimetic peptide ATI-5261 reverses arterial stiffness at late pregnancy and early postpartum in a COMT -/- mouse model of preeclampsia. Clin Hypertens 2018; 24:11. [PMID: 30237900 PMCID: PMC6138905 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-018-0097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious maternal complication during pregnancy. Associated arterial stiffness in PE patients leads to increased risks of cardiovascular diseases later in life. Cholesterol efflux capacity, especially ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) dependent capacity, has been proposed to be a likely mediator of arterial stiffness. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of an apolipoprotein A1 mimetic peptide ATI-5261 on arterial stiffness in a mouse model of PE. Methods Pregnant COMT-/- mice were randomized to receive vehicle or ATI-5261 (30 mg/kg per day) via subcutaneous injection from gestational days (GD) 10.5 to GD 18.5 or to 10 days postpartum. Pregnant C57BL/6 J mice received vehicle during paralleled periods were served as normal controls. Results COMT-/- mice displayed maternal hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was increased at GD 18.5 and 10 days postpartum. ATI-5261 treatment in COMT-/- mice significantly reduced PWV and partially normalized impaired ex vivo vascular function at late pregnancy and early postpartum. ATI-5261 treatment also increased serum ABCA1 concentrations and cholesterol efflux capacity, as well as ABCA1 expressions in the placenta. Pup weights, crown to rump lengths and abdominal circumferences were reduced in COMT-/- mice. Treatment with ATI-5261 did not alter these fetal measurements but significantly reduced placental weights and increased fetal to placental ratios in COMT-/- mice. Conclusion ATI-5261 reversed arterial stiffness at late pregnancy and early postpartum in a COMT-/- mouse model of PE and may be a potential therapy for arterial stiffness associated with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutan Liao
- 1Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia.,2The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- 3Chashan Teaching Centre, Department of Physiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang China
| | - Ruiying Chen
- 3Chashan Teaching Centre, Department of Physiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang China
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Suratanee A, Plaimas K. Network-based association analysis to infer new disease-gene relationships using large-scale protein interactions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199435. [PMID: 29949603 PMCID: PMC6021074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions integrated with disease-gene associations represent important information for revealing protein functions under disease conditions to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of complex diseases. Although several studies have attempted to identify disease-gene associations, the number of possible disease-gene associations is very small. High-throughput technologies have been established experimentally to identify the association between genes and diseases. However, these techniques are still quite expensive, time consuming, and even difficult to perform. Thus, based on currently available data and knowledge, computational methods have served as alternatives to provide more possible associations to increase our understanding of disease mechanisms. Here, a new network-based algorithm, namely, Disease-Gene Association (DGA), was developed to calculate the association score of a query gene to a new possible set of diseases. First, a large-scale protein interaction network was constructed, and the relationship between two interacting proteins was calculated with regard to the disease relationship. Novel plausible disease-gene pairs were identified and statistically scored by our algorithm using neighboring protein information. The results yielded high performance for disease-gene prediction, with an F-measure of 0.78 and an AUC of 0.86. To identify promising candidates of disease-gene associations, the association coverage of genes and diseases were calculated and used with the association score to perform gene and disease selection. Based on gene selection, we identified promising pairs that exhibited evidence related to several important diseases, e.g., inflammation, lipid metabolism, inborn errors, xanthomatosis, cerebellar ataxia, cognitive deterioration, malignant neoplasms of the skin and malignant tumors of the cervix. Focusing on disease selection, we identified target genes that were important to blistering skin diseases and muscular dystrophy. In summary, our developed algorithm is simple, efficiently identifies disease–gene associations in the protein-protein interaction network and provides additional knowledge regarding disease-gene associations. This method can be generalized to other association studies to further advance biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichat Suratanee
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (AS); (KP)
| | - Kitiporn Plaimas
- Advanced Virtual and Intelligent Computing (AVIC) Center, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (AS); (KP)
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Wang J, Xiao C, Wei Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Fu Y. Activation of liver X receptors inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory response in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 197:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li X, Guo J, Liang N, Jiang X, Song Y, Ou S, Hu Y, Jiao R, Bai W. 6-Gingerol Regulates Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism by Up-regulation of LDLR and Cholesterol Efflux-Related Genes in HepG2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29535632 PMCID: PMC5835308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingerols, the pungent ingredients in ginger, are reported to possess a cholesterol-lowering activity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study was to investigate how 6-gingerol (6-GN), the most abundant gingerol in fresh ginger, regulates hepatic cholesterol metabolism. HepG2 cells were incubated with various concentrations of 6-GN ranging from 50 to 200 μM for 24 h. Results showed that both cellular total cholesterol and free cholesterol decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, 6-GN ranging from 100 to 200 μM increased the LDLR protein and uptake of fluorescent-labeled LDL. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expressions of cholesterol metabolism-related genes were also examined. It was found that 6-GN regulated cholesterol metabolism via up-regulation of LDLR through activation of SREBP2 as well as up-regulation of cholesterol efflux-related genes LXRα and ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingting Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Boule LA, Ju C, Agudelo M, Parira T, Cannon A, Davis B, Eby J, Cresci G, Samuelson DR, Shukla P, Alrefai WA, Sureshchandra S, Pandey SC, Schnabl B, Curtis BJ, Wyatt TA, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ. Summary of the 2016 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2018; 66:35-43. [PMID: 29127885 PMCID: PMC5743588 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
On November 18, 2016 the 21st annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at the Center for Translational Research and Education at Loyola University Chicago's Health Sciences Campus in Maywood, IL. The 2016 meeting focused broadly on alcohol and inflammation, epigenetics, and the microbiome. The four plenary sessions of the meeting were Alcohol, Inflammation, and Immunity; Alcohol and Epigenetics; Alcohol, Transcriptional Regulation, and Epigenetics; and Alcohol, Intestinal Mucosa, and the Gut Microbiome. Presentations in all sessions of the meeting explored putative underlying causes for chronic diseases and mortality associated with alcohol consumption, shedding light on future work and potential therapeutic targets to alleviate the negative effects of alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth A Boule
- Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marisela Agudelo
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tiyash Parira
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Abigail Cannon
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Booker Davis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan Eby
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Gail Cresci
- Pediatric Research Center and Departments of Gastroenterology/Hepatology/Nutrition and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Derrick R Samuelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Pradeep Shukla
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Waddah A Alrefai
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, & Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Subhash C Pandey
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago & Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Tao F, Weinstock J, Venners SA, Cheng J, Hsu YH, Zou Y, Pan F, Jiang S, Zha X, Xu X. Associations of the ABCA1 and LPL Gene Polymorphisms With Lipid Levels in a Hyperlipidemic Population. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2017; 24:771-779. [PMID: 28891316 DOI: 10.1177/1076029617725601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the effects of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) I883M and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) HindIII polymorphisms on lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidemia. A total of 533 patients were enrolled. Serum lipid parameters were determined by an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Genotyping of the ABCA1 I883M and LPL HindIII was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between serum lipid levels and the genetic polymorphisms. The frequency distribution of the ABCA1 I883M and LPL HindIII polymorphisms did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The major finding of our regression analysis showed that neither the ABCA1 I883M nor the LPL HindIII polymorphism was associated with baseline serum lipid levels in the total population. However, among patients with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (ALT ≥ 40 U/L), carriers of the M allele of the ABCA1 gene had lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, education level, occupation, and work intensity ( P < .05 for both). A test on interaction terms between the ABCA1 I833M polymorphism and ALT on HDL-C and LDL-C levels also remained significant ( P = .001 and P = .014, respectively). Our data suggest that there are significant interactive effects between ABCA1 I883M and ALT levels on HDL-C and LDL-C levels. However, the LPL HindIII polymorphism did not influence lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tao
- 1 School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Justin Weinstock
- 2 Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Scott A Venners
- 3 Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jun Cheng
- 1 School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- 4 Institute for Aging Research, HSL and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,5 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanfeng Zou
- 6 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Faming Pan
- 6 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanqun Jiang
- 1 School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,7 Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangdong Zha
- 1 School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- 8 Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
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Aberuyi N, Rahgozar S, Khosravi Dehaghi Z, Moafi A, Masotti A, Paolini A. The translational expression of ABCA2 and ABCA3 is a strong prognostic biomarker for multidrug resistance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3373-3380. [PMID: 28744141 PMCID: PMC5513879 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s140488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this work was to study the correlation between the expressions of the ABCA2 and ABCA3 genes at the mRNA and protein levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the effects of this association on multidrug resistance (MDR). Materials and methods Sixty-nine children with de novo ALL and 25 controls were enrolled in the study. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the bone marrow. The mRNA levels of ABCA2 and ABCA3 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Samples with high mRNA levels were assessed for respective protein levels by Western blotting. Following the first year of treatment, persistent monoclonality of T-cell gamma receptors or immunoglobulin H (IgH) gene rearrangement was assessed and considered as the MDR. The tertiary structure of ABCA2 was predicted using Phyre2 and I-TASSER web systems and compared to that of ABCA3, which has been previously reported. Molecular docking was performed using DOCK 6.7. Results Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) showed high levels of ABCA2 and ABCA3 mRNAs in 13 and 17 samples, respectively. Among them, five and eight individuals demonstrated high levels of ABCA2 and ABCA3, respectively. Response to chemotherapy was significantly decreased (P=0.001) when the mRNA and protein of both genes were overexpressed compared to individuals with high transcriptional levels of either ABCA2 or ABCA3 alone. Close similarity between ABCA2 and ABCA3 structures was revealed by protein tertiary structure prediction, whereas molecular docking analysis suggested similar binding of chemotherapy drugs and therefore a potentially similar role in determining the MDR. Conclusion Our findings suggested, for the first time, that quantification of the protein level of ABCA2 and ABCA3 transporters had a prognostic impact on pediatric ALL MDR. Furthermore, the tertiary structure of ABCA2 was predicted for the first time, and docking analysis revealed a possible compensatory effect between ABCA2 and ABCA3 transporters, which may contribute to the efflux of cytotoxic drugs and, ultimately, to chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Aberuyi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan
| | - Soheila Rahgozar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan
| | | | - Alireza Moafi
- Department of Pediatric-Hematology-Oncology, Sayed-ol-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Gene Expression - Microarrays Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Gene Expression - Microarrays Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Dietary rose hip exerts antiatherosclerotic effects and increases nitric oxide-mediated dilation in ApoE-null mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 44:52-59. [PMID: 28399420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which atheromatous plaques develop inside arteries, leading to reduced or obstructed blood flow that in turn may cause stroke and heart attack. Rose hip is the fruit of plants of the genus Rosa, belonging to the Rosaceae family, and it is rich in antioxidants with high amounts of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. Several studies have shown that fruits, seeds and roots of these plants exert antidiabetic, antiobesity and cholesterol-lowering effects in rodents as well as humans. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which rose hip lowers plasma cholesterol and to evaluate its effects on atherosclerotic plaque formation. ApoE-null mice were fed either an HFD (CTR) or HFD with rose hip supplementation (RH) for 24 weeks. At the end of the study, we found that blood pressure and atherosclerotic plaques, together with oxidized LDL, total cholesterol and fibrinogen levels were markedly reduced in the RH group. Fecal cholesterol content, liver expression of Ldlr and selected reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) genes such as Abca1, Abcg1 and Scarb1 were significantly increased upon RH feeding. In the aorta, the scavenger receptor Cd36 and the proinflammatory Il1β genes were markedly down-regulated compared to the CTR mice. Finally, we found that RH increased nitric oxide-mediated dilation of the caudal artery. Taken together, these results suggest that rose hip is a suitable dietary supplement for preventing atherosclerotic plaques formation by modulating systemic blood pressure and the expression of RCT and inflammatory genes.
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Intracellular cholesterol transport proteins: roles in health and disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1843-59. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effective cholesterol homoeostasis is essential in maintaining cellular function, and this is achieved by a network of lipid-responsive nuclear transcription factors, and enzymes, receptors and transporters subject to post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation, whereas loss of these elegant, tightly regulated homoeostatic responses is integral to disease pathologies. Recent data suggest that sterol-binding sensors, exchangers and transporters contribute to regulation of cellular cholesterol homoeostasis and that genetic overexpression or deletion, or mutations, in a number of these proteins are linked with diseases, including atherosclerosis, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, cancer, autosomal dominant hearing loss and male infertility. This review focuses on current evidence exploring the function of members of the ‘START’ (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer) and ‘ORP’ (oxysterol-binding protein-related proteins) families of sterol-binding proteins in sterol homoeostasis in eukaryotic cells, and the evidence that they represent valid therapeutic targets to alleviate human disease.
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Nuño-Lámbarri N, Barbero-Becerra VJ, Uribe M, Chávez-Tapia NC. Elevated cholesterol levels have a poor prognosis in a cholestasis scenario. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 31:1-6. [PMID: 27517733 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis results from defective bile flow through the biliary ducts leading to the accumulation of bile acids (BAs) in hepatocytes and serum. It has been seen that cholestasis is associated with hypercholesterolemia, which is a prerequisite for gallstone formation and primary biliary cirrhosis, being some of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in Western societies. Cytotoxic BAs induce proinflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in hepatocytes, whereas cytoprotective BAs prevent them; they can also modify the plasmatic membrane structure of cells or mitochondrial outer membrane properties as well as the distribution of cholesterol, altering various proteins involved in BAs homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nuño-Lámbarri
- Traslational Research Unit, Médica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Toriello guerra tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Varenka J Barbero-Becerra
- Traslational Research Unit, Médica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Toriello guerra tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Misael Uribe
- Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Médica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Toriello guerra tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norberto C Chávez-Tapia
- Traslational Research Unit, Médica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Toriello guerra tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico.,Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Médica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Toriello guerra tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico
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Davis W. The ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter-2 (ABCA2) Overexpression Modulates Sphingosine Levels and Transcription of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Gene. Curr Alzheimer Res 2016; 12:847-59. [PMID: 26510981 DOI: 10.2174/156720501209151019105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter-2 (ABCA2) is a member of a family of multipass transmembrane proteins that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport substrates across membrane bilayers. ABCA2 has also been genetically linked with Alzheimer's disease but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. In this report, we hypothesized that ABCA2 modulation of sphingolipid metabolism activates a signaling pathway that regulates amyloid precursor protein transcription. We found that ABCA2 overexpression in N2a cells was associated with increased mass of the sphingolipid sphingosine, derived from the catabolism of ceramide. ABCA2 overexpression increased in vitro alkaline and acid ceramidase activity. Sphingosine is a physiological inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Pharmacological inhibition of ceramidase activity or activation PKC activity with 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or diacylglycerol (DAG) decreased endogenous APP mRNA levels in ABCA2 overexpressing cells. Treatment with PMA also decreased the expression of a transfected human APP promoter reporter construct, while treatment with a general PKC inhibitor, GF109203x, increased APP promoter activity. In N2a cells, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that a repressive complex forms at the AP-1 site in the human APP promoter, consisting of c-jun, c-jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) and HDAC3 and this complex was reduced in ABCA2 overexpressing cells. Activation of the human APP promoter in A2 cells was directed by the upstream stimulatory factors USF-1 and USF-2 that bound to an E-box element in vivo. These findings indicate that ABCA2 overexpression modulates sphingosine levels and regulates transcription of the endogenous APP gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Davis
- Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, MSC 505, Charleston, SC, 29403, USA.
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Cacabelos R, Torrellas C, Teijido O, Carril JC. Pharmacogenetic considerations in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1041-74. [PMID: 27291247 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The practical pharmacogenetics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is circumscribed to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and memantine. However, pharmacogenetic procedures should be applied to novel strategies in AD therapeutics including: novel AChEIs and neurotransmitter regulators, anti-Aβ treatments, anti-tau treatments, pleiotropic products, epigenetic drugs and combination therapies. Genes involved in the pharmacogenetic network are under the influence of the epigenetic machinery which regulates gene expression transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally, configuring the fundamentals of pharmacoepigenomics. Over 60% of AD patients present concomitant pathologies demanding additional treatments which increase the likelihood of drug-drug interactions. Lipid metabolism dysfunction is a pathogenic mechanism inherent to AD neurodegeneration. The therapeutic response to hypolipidemic compounds is influenced by the APOE and CYP genotypes. The development of novel compounds and the use of combination/multifactorial treatments require the implantation of pharmacogenomic procedures for the avoidance of ADRs and the optimization of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.,EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Clara Torrellas
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Oscar Teijido
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Carril
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
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The cholesterol transporter ABCA1 is expressed in stallion spermatozoa and reproductive tract tissues. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1080-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Peng L, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Yu X, Yao F, Tan Y, Liu D, Gong D, Chong H, Liu X, Zheng X, Tian G, Tang C. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 downregulates the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 by activating the TLR2/NF-кB/ZNF202 pathway in THP-1 macrophages. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:363-70. [PMID: 26922321 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2) has been shown to promote the development of atherosclerosis. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a transmembrane protein, plays a critical role in mediating cholesterol export from macrophages to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). However, whether MALP-2 can regulate the expression of ABCA1 is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of MALP-2 on ABCA1 expression in THP-1 macrophages and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that the treatment of cells with MALP-2 decreased ABCA1 level and suppressed cholesterol efflux in both concentration- and time-dependent manners. The contents of intracellular cholesterol were significantly increased in the presence of MALP-2. Moreover, MALP-2-mediated inhibition of ABCA1 expression was abolished by siRNA of either Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) or nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). A similar effect was produced by treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. In addition, MALP-2-induced activation of NF-κB markedly increased zinc finger protein 202 (ZNF202) level, and ZNF202 siRNA impaired the effects of MALP-2 on ABCA1 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that MALP-2 can decrease ABCA1 expression and subsequent cholesterol efflux through activation of the TLR2/NF-κB/ZNF202 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Department of Physiology, XiangNan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Zizhen Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yulin Tan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Duo Gong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Huang Chong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xilong Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Guoping Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chaoke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Schmölz L, Birringer M, Lorkowski S, Wallert M. Complexity of vitamin E metabolism. World J Biol Chem 2016; 7:14-43. [PMID: 26981194 PMCID: PMC4768118 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioavailability of vitamin E is influenced by several factors, most are highlighted in this review. While gender, age and genetic constitution influence vitamin E bioavailability but cannot be modified, life-style and intake of vitamin E can be. Numerous factors must be taken into account however, i.e., when vitamin E is orally administrated, the food matrix may contain competing nutrients. The complex metabolic processes comprise intestinal absorption, vascular transport, hepatic sorting by intracellular binding proteins, such as the significant α-tocopherol-transfer protein, and hepatic metabolism. The coordinated changes involved in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin E provide an effective physiological pathway to protect tissues against the excessive accumulation of, in particular, non-α-tocopherol forms. Metabolism of vitamin E begins with one cycle of CYP4F2/CYP3A4-dependent ω-hydroxylation followed by five cycles of subsequent β-oxidation, and forms the water-soluble end-product carboxyethylhydroxychroman. All known hepatic metabolites can be conjugated and are excreted, depending on the length of their side-chain, either via urine or feces. The physiological handling of vitamin E underlies kinetics which vary between the different vitamin E forms. Here, saturation of the side-chain and also substitution of the chromanol ring system are important. Most of the metabolic reactions and processes that are involved with vitamin E are also shared by other fat soluble vitamins. Influencing interactions with other nutrients such as vitamin K or pharmaceuticals are also covered by this review. All these processes modulate the formation of vitamin E metabolites and their concentrations in tissues and body fluids. Differences in metabolism might be responsible for the discrepancies that have been observed in studies performed in vivo and in vitro using vitamin E as a supplement or nutrient. To evaluate individual vitamin E status, the analytical procedures used for detecting and quantifying vitamin E and its metabolites are crucial. The latest methods in analytics are presented.
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Genetic Variants Associated with Lipid Profiles in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135145. [PMID: 26252223 PMCID: PMC4529182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to identify lipid-related genetic variants in T2D patients of Han Chinese ancestry. Among 4,908 Chinese T2D patients who were not taking lipid-lowering medications, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven genes previously found to be associated with lipid traits in genome-wide association studies conducted in populations of European ancestry (ABCA1, GCKR, BAZ1B, TOMM40, DOCK7, HNF1A, and HNF4A) were genotyped. After adjusting for multiple covariates, SNPs in ABCA1, GCKR, BAZ1B, TOMM40, and HNF1A were identified as significantly associated with triglyceride levels in T2D patients (P < 0.05). The associations between the SNPs in ABCA1 (rs3890182), GCKR (rs780094), and BAZ1B (rs2240466) remained significant even after correction for multiple testing (P = 8.85×10−3, 7.88×10−7, and 2.03×10−6, respectively). BAZ1B (rs2240466) also was associated with the total cholesterol level (P = 4.75×10−2). In addition, SNP rs157580 in TOMM40 was associated with the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (P = 6.94×10−3). Our findings confirm that lipid-related genetic loci are associated with lipid profiles in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Li E, Wang T, Wang F, Wang T, Sun LQ, Li L, Niu SH, Zhang JY. FGF21 protects against ox-LDL induced apoptosis through suppressing CHOP expression in THP1 macrophage derived foam cells. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015. [PMID: 26223891 PMCID: PMC4518604 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FGF21,as a member of the fibroblast growth factor superfamily, is an important endogenous regulator to systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Elevated serum FGF21 levels have been reported in subjects with coronary heart disease and carotid artery plaques. The formation and apoptosis of foam cell, induced by ox-LDL and oxysterols, are key steps in the development of atherosclerosis. Methods In this study, THP1 derived macrophages were induced into foam cells by ox-LDL or sterols. The formation and apoptosis of foam cells treated with or without FGF21 were analyzed. Results We demonstrated that the accumulation of cholesterol was decreased after FGF21 treatment in THP1 macrophage derived foam cells. Consistently, the apoptosis of macrophage was alleviated dramatically with FGF21 treatment. ERK1/2 knockdown didn’t abrogate the effect of FGF21 on THP1 macrophage derived foam cells. However, FGF21 suppressed the induced expression of CHOP and DR5 in THP1 macrophage derived foam cells. Conclusion FGF21 protects against the formation and apoptosis of THP1 macrophages derived foam cells through suppressing the expression of CHOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Li
- Department of Cardiovascular internal medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Cardiovascular internal medicine, The second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shaanxi People's Hospital, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Li-qiang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular internal medicine, The second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiovascular internal medicine, The second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Shao-hui Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular internal medicine, The second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular internal medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
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Cacabelos R, Torrellas C, Carrera I. Opportunities in pharmacogenomics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.15.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In Alzheimer's disease (AD), approximately 10–20% of direct costs are associated with pharmacological treatment. Pharmacogenomics account for 30–90% variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Genes potentially involved in the pharmacogenomics outcome include pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter and pleiotropic genes. Over 75% of the Caucasian population is defective for the CYP2D6+2C9+2C19 cluster. Polymorphic variants in the APOE-TOMM40 region influence AD pharmacogenomics. APOE-4 carriers are the worst responders and APOE-3 carriers are the best responders to conventional treatments. TOMM40 poly T-S/S carriers are the best responders, VL/VL and S/VL carriers are intermediate responders and L/L carriers are the worst responders. The haplotype 4/4-L/L is probably responsible for early onset of the disease, a faster cognitive decline and a poor response to different treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692-Madrid, Spain
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science & Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Clara Torrellas
- Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692-Madrid, Spain
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science & Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Iván Carrera
- Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692-Madrid, Spain
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science & Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
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Park SH, Paek JH, Shin D, Lee JY, Lim SS, Kang YH. Purple perilla extracts with α-asarone enhance cholesterol efflux from oxidized LDL-exposed macrophages. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:957-65. [PMID: 25673178 PMCID: PMC4356441 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular accumulation of cholesterol is critical in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play an essential role in mediating the efflux of excess cholesterol. In the current study, we investigated whether purple Perilla frutescens extracts (PPE) at a non-toxic concentration of 1-10 µg/ml stimulate the induction of the ABC transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1, and cholesterol efflux from lipid-laden J774A.1 murine macrophages exposed to 50 ng/ml oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Purple perilla, an annual herb in the mint family and its constituents, have been reported to exhibit antioxidant and cytostatic activity, as well as to exert anti-allergic effects. Our results revealed that treatment with oxidized LDL for 24 h led to the accumulation of lipid droplets in the macrophages. PPE suppressed the oxidized LDL-induced foam cell formation by blocking the induction of scavenger receptor B1. However, PPE promoted the induction of the ABC transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1, and subsequently accelerated cholesterol efflux from the lipid-loaded macrophages. The liver X receptor (LXR) agonist, TO-091317, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, pioglitazone, increased ABCA1 expression and treatment with 10 µg/ml PPE further enhanced this effect. PPE did not induce LXRα and PPARγ expression per se, but enhanced their expression in the macrophages exposed to oxidized LDL. α-asarone was isolated from PPE and characterized as a major component enhancing the induction of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in macrophages exposed to oxidized LDL. α-asarone, but not β-asarone was effective in attenuating foam cell formation and enhancing cholesterol efflux, revealing an isomeric difference in their activity. The results from the present study demonstrate that PPE promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages by activating the interaction of PPARγ-LXRα-ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Paek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekeun Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
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Kardassis D, Gafencu A, Zannis VI, Davalos A. Regulation of HDL genes: transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:113-179. [PMID: 25522987 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
HDL regulation is exerted at multiple levels including regulation at the level of transcription initiation by transcription factors and signal transduction cascades; regulation at the posttranscriptional level by microRNAs and other noncoding RNAs which bind to the coding or noncoding regions of HDL genes regulating mRNA stability and translation; as well as regulation at the posttranslational level by protein modifications, intracellular trafficking, and degradation. The above mechanisms have drastic effects on several HDL-mediated processes including HDL biogenesis, remodeling, cholesterol efflux and uptake, as well as atheroprotective functions on the cells of the arterial wall. The emphasis is on mechanisms that operate in physiologically relevant tissues such as the liver (which accounts for 80% of the total HDL-C levels in the plasma), the macrophages, the adrenals, and the endothelium. Transcription factors that have a significant impact on HDL regulation such as hormone nuclear receptors and hepatocyte nuclear factors are extensively discussed both in terms of gene promoter recognition and regulation but also in terms of their impact on plasma HDL levels as was revealed by knockout studies. Understanding the different modes of regulation of this complex lipoprotein may provide useful insights for the development of novel HDL-raising therapies that could be used to fight against atherosclerosis which is the underlying cause of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kardassis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece,
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Isomer-specific effects of conjugated linoleic acid on HDL functionality associated with reverse cholesterol transport. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:165-72. [PMID: 25468613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are atheroprotective because of their role in reverse cholesterol transport. The intestine is involved in this process because it synthesizes HDL, removes cholesterol from plasma and excretes it into the lumen. We investigated the role of selected dietary fatty acids on intestinal cholesterol uptake and HDL functionality. Caco-2 monolayers grown on Transwells were supplemented with either palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, arachidonic or conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs): c9,t11-CLA; t9,t11-CLA; c10,t12-CLA. Cells synthesized HDL in the basolateral compartment for 24 h in the absence or presence of an antibody to SR-BI (aSR-BI), which inhibits its interaction with HDL. Free cholesterol (FC) accumulated to a greater extent in the presence than in the absence of aSR-BI, indicating net uptake of FC by SR-BI. Uptake's efficiency was significantly decreased when cells were treated with c9,t11-CLA relative to the other fatty acids. These differences were associated with lower HDL functionality, since neither SR-BI protein expression nor expression and alternative splicing of other genes involved lipid metabolism were affected. Only INSIG2 expression was decreased, with no increase of its target genes. Increasing pre-β-HDL synthesis, by inducing ABCA1 and adding APOA1, resulted in reduced uptake of FC by SR-BI after c9,t11-CLA treatment, indicating reduced functionality of pre-β-HDL. Conversely, treatment with c9,t11-CLA resulted in a greater uptake of FC and esterified cholesterol from mature HDL. Therefore, Caco-2 monolayers administered c9,t11-CLA produced a nonfunctional pre-β-HDL but took up cholesterol more efficiently via SR-BI from mature HDL.
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