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Calligaris M, Zito G, Busà R, Bulati M, Iannolo G, Gallo A, Carreca AP, Cuscino N, Castelbuono S, Carcione C, Centi C, Amico G, Bertani A, Chinnici CM, Conaldi PG, Scilabra SD, Miceli V. Proteomic analysis and functional validation reveal distinct therapeutic capabilities related to priming of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells with IFN-γ and hypoxia: potential implications for their clinical use. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1385712. [PMID: 38882056 PMCID: PMC11179434 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1385712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population of multipotent cells that can be obtained from various tissues, such as dental pulp, adipose tissue, bone marrow and placenta. MSCs have gained importance in the field of regenerative medicine because of their promising role in cell therapy and their regulatory abilities in tissue repair and regeneration. However, a better characterization of these cells and their products is necessary to further potentiate their clinical application. In this study, we used unbiased high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis to investigate the impact of distinct priming strategies, such as hypoxia and IFN-γ treatment, on the composition and therapeutic functionality of the secretome produced by MSCs derived from the amniotic membrane of the human placenta (hAMSCs). Our investigation revealed that both types of priming improved the therapeutic efficacy of hAMSCs, and these improvements were related to the secretion of functional factors present in the conditioned medium (CM) and exosomes (EXOs), which play crucial roles in mediating the paracrine effects of MSCs. In particular, hypoxia was able to induce a pro-angiogenic, innate immune response-activating, and tissue-regenerative hAMSC phenotype, as highlighted by the elevated production of regulatory factors such as VEGFA, PDGFRB, ANGPTL4, ENG, GRO-γ, IL8, and GRO-α. IFN-γ priming, instead, led to an immunosuppressive profile in hAMSCs, as indicated by increased levels of TGFB1, ANXA1, THBS1, HOMER2, GRN, TOLLIP and MCP-1. Functional assays validated the increased angiogenic properties of hypoxic hAMSCs and the enhanced immunosuppressive activity of IFN-γ-treated hAMSCs. This study extends beyond the direct priming effects on hAMSCs, demonstrating that hypoxia and IFN-γ can influence the functional characteristics of hAMSC-derived secretomes, which, in turn, orchestrate the production of functional factors by peripheral blood cells. This research provides valuable insights into the optimization of MSC-based therapies by systematically assessing and comparing the priming type-specific functional features of hAMSCs. These findings highlight new strategies for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, particularly in the context of multifactorial diseases, paving the way for the use of hAMSC-derived products in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Calligaris
- Proteomics Group, Ri.MED Foundation c/o IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zito
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Busà
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Cuscino
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Castelbuono
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Centi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Bertani
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Maria Chinnici
- Regenerative Medicine and Immunotherapy Area, Ri.MED Foundation c/o IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
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Cao M, Han S, Qiu Y, Zhou L, Su Y, Tu S, Li Y. Early granulocyte colony stimulating factor administration increases the risk of cytokine release syndrome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients receiving anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:933-941. [PMID: 37259483 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and neutropenia are common toxicities associated with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy. The role of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in CAR-T-cell-treated patients remains unclear. To explore the efficacy and safety of early G-CSF administration in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL) who were receiving autologous anti-CD19 CAR-T cells, we retrospectively collected and summarized clinical data to compare patients receiving G-CSF within 14 days (early G-CSF group) to patients receiving later or no G-CSF (control group) after their CART infusion. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence and duration of neutropenia between the early G-CSF group and the control group (77% vs. 63%, p = 0.65; 8 vs. 4 days, p = 0.37, respectively). However, the incidence and duration of CRS were significantly higher in the early G-CSF group than in the control group (81% vs. 38%, p = 0.03; 3 vs. 0 days, p = 0.004, respectively). Moreover, early G-CSF application had no significant effect on the expansion and efficacy of CAR-T cells. In conclusion, our study suggested that early G-CSF administration did not reduce the incidence and duration of neutropenia but rather increased the incidence and duration of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxiong Cao
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Han
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingqi Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongzhong Su
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sanfang Tu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Qiu B, Liang JX, Romero Gómez M. The efficacy and safety of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294818. [PMID: 38033111 PMCID: PMC10688871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The safety and efficacy of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for the treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of G-CSF in treating ACLF. METHODS The estimated pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) assessed the treatment effects of G-CSF. Mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals were used to analyze continuous data. Heterogeneity was explored by sensitivity analysis. Potential publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. RESULTS Ten studies, comprising a total of 603 participants, were included in the analysis. The G-CSF group showed significantly lower MELD scores at 7-day (MD = -2.39, 95%CI: -3.95 to -0.82), CTP scores at 7-day (MD = -0.77, 95%CI: -1.41 to -0.14), and MELD scores at 30-day (MD = -3.01, 95%CI: -5.36 to -0.67) compared to the control group. Furthermore, the G-CSF group was associated with a reduced risk of sepsis (RR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.35-0.80). The 30-day survival (RR = 1.26, 95%CI:1.10-1.43), 60-day survival (RR = 1.47, 95%CI:1.17-1.84, and 90-day survival (RR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.27-2.35) of patients with ACLF treated with G-CSF were significantly higher than those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggests that G-CSF therapy may be a promising treatment for ACLF, with significant improvements in liver function and survival rates, however, further studies are needed to verify this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, HaiNan, China
| | - Jia Xu Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, HaiNan, China
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manuel Romero Gómez
- Department of Digestive, Hospital Universitario de Virgen Rocio, Seville, Spain
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Di Martino V, Questiaux J, Lemagoarou T, Weil D, Vendeville S, Engelmann C, Hu J, Singh V, Newsome PN, Lal SB, Sarin SK, Berg T, Thevenot T. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor in decompensated cirrhosis, acute alcoholic hepatitis, and acute-on-chronic liver failure: A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102207. [PMID: 37716522 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GCSF may improve the prognosis of severe liver disease by promoting liver regeneration and immune restoration. Our Aim was to investigate its controversial efficacy in decompensated cirrhosis, acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH), or acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) through meta-analysis. METHODS Meta-analysis of proportions (random effect model) including 19 RCTs (1287 patients from 16 Asian and 3 European studies including 487 ACLF, 231 AAH and 569 cirrhotic patients) evaluating survival at day-28, day-90, 6 months, one year, and/or occurrence of sepsis as major outcomes. RESULTS In patients with decompensated cirrhosis, G-CSF administration was associated with a reduction in the weight-adjusted risk of mortality of 9% at day-90 (OR=0.33; 95%CI: 0.18-0.58; p = 0.0002), 16% at 6 months (OR=0.31; 95%CI: 0.15-0.62; p = 0.0009), 26% at one year (OR=0.21; 95%CI:0.12-0.38, p<0.0001) and a weight-adjusted 28% risk reduction for sepsis (OR=0.28; 95%CI: 0.16-0.49; p<0.0001). Only Asian studies were positive. In AAH, G-CSF was associated with an 18% reduction in weight-adjusted mortality risk at day-28 (OR=0.31; 95%CI:0.11-0.83, p = 0.021), 32% at day-90 (OR=0.20; 95%CI:0.09-0.46, p<0.0001) and a weight-adjusted 42% risk reduction for sepsis (OR=0.17; 95%CI: 0.08-0.38; p<0.0001). Only Asian studies, in which corticosteroids were not given systematically in case of severe AAH, were positive. In patients with ACLF, the results on mortality at day-28 were heterogeneous, and GCSF had no beneficial effect on sepsis or survival at day-90. CONCLUSION G-CSF may be effective in patients with decompensated cirrhosis or AAH by reducing the occurrence of sepsis and mortality. Further meta-analyses of individual data, or new, powerful and methodologically flawless therapeutic trials, are warranted to confirm these results, which harbor wide divergences between Asian and European RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Di Martino
- Service d'Hépatologie, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France; Laboratoire EPILAB EA4266, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France.
| | | | - Tristan Lemagoarou
- Département d'information Médicale et de Santé Publique, GHPSO CREIL, Creil, France
| | - Delphine Weil
- Service d'Hépatologie, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France; Laboratoire EPILAB EA4266, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Cornelius Engelmann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jinhua Hu
- Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Virendra Singh
- Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sadhna B Lal
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, India
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thierry Thevenot
- Service d'Hépatologie, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France; Laboratoire EPILAB EA4266, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France
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Belica I, Janšáková K, Celušáková H, Kopčíková M, Polónyiová K, Rašková B, Vidošovičová M, Ostatníková D, Babinská K. Plasma cytokine concentrations of children with autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical siblings. Cytokine 2023; 170:156333. [PMID: 37598479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Several studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have shown cytokine dysregulation in children with ASD, leading to a consideration of the immune theory of the ASD etiopathogenesis and a debate about cytokines as potential biomarkers of ASD. However, the results of these studies are still inconsistent. Overall, studies comparing the cytokine levels of children with ASD and neurotypical siblings achieved relatively different results than studies with control groups of non-siblings. The studies suggest that the immune profile of siblings of individuals with ASD serving as control is more similar to children with ASD than the profile of non-siblings. However, there are still only a few studies with control groups including neurotypical siblings of children with ASD. The aim of our study was to determine whether the concentration of plasma cytokine levels may differentiate children with ASD from their neurotypical siblings. The sample consisted of 40 children with ASD (mean age 7.11 years, SD 2.9) and 21 neurotypical siblings (mean age 7.38, SD 3.3). Levels of 20 cytokines were included into the statistical analysis. A multiple logistic regression model using multiple corrections showed that an increase in log-transformed plasma G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor) concentration is associated with an increased risk of the child being diagnosed as an ASD case (OR = 4.35, 95% CI 1.77, 10.73). Although the significantly increased concentration of G-CSF suggests a slightly different activity of the immune system of children with ASD, the overall cytokine profile of their siblings appeared to be very similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Belica
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Janšáková
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hana Celušáková
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Kopčíková
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Polónyiová
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Rašková
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Vidošovičová
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Ostatníková
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Babinská
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Serratì S, Di Fonte R, Porcelli L, De Summa S, De Risi I, Fucci L, Ruggieri E, Marvulli TM, Strippoli S, Fasano R, Rafaschieri T, Guida G, Guida M, Azzariti A. Circulating extracellular vesicles are monitoring biomarkers of anti-PD1 response and enhancer of tumor progression and immunosuppression in metastatic melanoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:251. [PMID: 37759291 PMCID: PMC10538246 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical drawback in checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy (ICI) of metastatic melanoma (MM) is monitoring clinical benefit. Soluble forms of PD1(sPD1) and PD-L1(sPD-L1) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) expressing PD1 and PD-L1 have recently emerged as predictive biomarkers of response. As factors released in the blood, EVs and soluble forms could be relevant in monitoring treatment efficacy and adaptive resistance to ICI. METHODS We used pre-therapy plasma samples of 110 MM patients and longitudinal samples of 46 patients. Elisa assay and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to measure sPD-L1 and sPD1 concentrations and the percentage of PD1+ EVs and PD-L1+ EVs, released from tumor and immune cells in patients subsets. Transwell assays were conducted to investigate the impact of EVs of each patient subset on MM cells invasion and interaction between tumor cells and macrophages or dendritic cells. Viability assays were performed to assess EVs effect on MM cells and organoids sensitivity to anti-PD1. FCM was used to investigate immunosuppressive markers in EVs and immune cells. RESULTS The concentrations of sPD1 and sPD-L1 in pre-treatment and longitudinal samples did not correlate with anti-PD1 response, instead only tumor-derived PD1+ EVs decreased in long responders while increased during disease progression in responders. Notably, we observed reduction of T cell derived EVs expressing LAG3+ and PD1+ in long responders and their increase in responders experiencing progression. By investigating the impact of EVs on disease progression, we found that those isolated from non-responders and from patients with progression disease accelerated tumor cells invasiveness and migration towards macrophages, while EVs of long responders reduced the metastatic potential of MM cells and neo-angiogenesis. Additionally, the EVs of non-responders and of progression disease patients subset reduced the sensitivity of MM cells and organoids of responder to anti-PD1 and the recruitment of dendritic cells, while the EVs of progression disease subset skewed macrophages to express higher level of PDL-1. CONCLUSION Collectively, we suggest that the detection of tumor-derived PD1 + EVs may represent a useful tool for monitoring the response to anti-PD1 and a role for EVs shed by tumor and immune cells in promoting tumor progression and immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serratì
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Fonte
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Simona De Summa
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Ivana De Risi
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Fucci
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Eustachio Ruggieri
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Sabino Strippoli
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Fasano
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Tania Rafaschieri
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Guida
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Colonetti K, Pinto E Vairo F, Siebert M, Nalin T, Poloni S, Fernando Wurdig Roesch L, Fischinger Moura de Souza C, Cabral Pinheiro F, Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz I. Cytokine profiling in patients with hepatic glycogen storage disease: Are there clues for unsolved aspects? Cytokine 2023; 162:156088. [PMID: 36462220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic Glycogen Storage Diseases (GSD) are rare genetic disorders in which the gluconeogenesis pathway is impaired. Cytokines control virtually every aspect of physiology and may help to elucidate some unsolved questions about phenotypes presented by GSD patients. METHODS This was an exploratory study in which 27 GSD patients on treatment (Ia = 16, Ib = 06, III = 02, IXα = 03) and 24 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects had plasma samples tested for a panel of 20 cytokines (G-CSF,GM-CSF, IL-1α,IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, GRO, IP-10/CXCL10, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, MDC/CCL22, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF) through a multiplex kit and analyzed in comparison to controls and among patients, regarding to clinical features as anemia, hepatic adenocarcinoma and triglyceride levels. RESULTS Patients (GSD-Ia/III/IX) presented reduced levels of IL-4 (p = 0.040), MIP-1α/CCL3 (p = 0.003), MDC/CCL22 (p < 0.001), TNF-β (p = 0.045) and VEGF (p = 0.043) compared to controls. When different types of GSD were compared, G-CSF was higher in GSD-Ib than -Ia (p < 0.001) and than -III/IX (p = 0.033) patients; IL-10 was higher in GSD-Ib than in GSD-Ia patients (p = 0.019); and GSD-III/IX patients had increased levels of IP-10/CXCL10 than GSD-Ib patients (p = 0.019). When GSD-I patients were gathered into the same group and compared with GSD-III/IX patients, IP10/CXCL10 and MCP-1 were higher in the latter group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.013, respectively). GSD-I patients with anemia presented higher levels of IL-4 and MIP-1α in comparison with patients who had not. Triglyceride level was correlated with neutrophil count and MDC levels on GSD-Ia patients without HCA. CONCLUSION Altogether, altered levels of cytokines in GSD-I patients reflect an imbalance in immunoregulation process. This study also indicates that neutrophils and some cytokines are affected by triglyceride levels, and future studies on the theme should consider this variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Colonetti
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, PortoAlegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Filippo Pinto E Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marina Siebert
- Laboratory of Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, PortoAlegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratorial Research Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiéle Nalin
- Ultragenyx Brasil Farmacêutica Ltda, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Soraia Poloni
- Laboratory of Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, PortoAlegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Wurdig Roesch
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carolina Fischinger Moura de Souza
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciele Cabral Pinheiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, PortoAlegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, PortoAlegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Zhuang J, Ibarra A, Acosta A, Karns AP, Aballi J, Nerenberg M, Sninsky JJ, Quake SR, Toden S. Survey of extracellular communication of systemic and organ-specific inflammatory responses through cell free messenger RNA profiling in mice. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104242. [PMID: 36054939 PMCID: PMC9437808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory and immune responses are essential and dynamic biological processes that protect the body against acute and chronic adverse stimuli. While conventional protein markers have been used to evaluate systemic inflammatory response, the immunological response to stimulation is complex and involves modulation of a large set of genes and interacting signalling pathways of innate and adaptive immune systems. There is a need for a non-invasive tool that can comprehensively evaluate and monitor molecular dysregulations associated with inflammatory and immune responses in circulation and in inaccessible solid organs. Methods Here we utilized cell-free messenger RNA (cf-mRNA) RNA-Seq whole transcriptome profiling and computational biology to temporally assess lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced and JAK inhibitor modulated inflammatory and immune responses in mouse plasma samples. Findings Cf-mRNA profiling displayed a pattern of systemic immune responses elicited by LPS and dysregulation of associated pathways. Moreover, attenuation of several inflammatory pathways, including STAT and interferon pathways, were observed following the treatment of JAK inhibitor. We further identified the dysregulation of liver-specific transcripts in cf-mRNA which reflected changes in the gene-expression pattern in this generally inaccessible biological compartment. Interpretation Using a preclinical mouse model, we demonstrated the potential of plasma cf-mRNA profiling for systemic and organ-specific characterization of drug-induced molecular alterations that are associated with inflammatory and immune responses. Funding Molecular Stethoscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhuang
- Molecular Stethoscope Inc., 259 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Arkaitz Ibarra
- Molecular Stethoscope Inc., 259 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Alexander Acosta
- Molecular Stethoscope Inc., 259 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Amy P Karns
- Molecular Stethoscope Inc., 259 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Aballi
- Molecular Stethoscope Inc., 259 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Michael Nerenberg
- Molecular Stethoscope Inc., 259 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - John J Sninsky
- Molecular Stethoscope Inc., 259 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Shusuke Toden
- Molecular Stethoscope Inc., 259 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
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9
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Engineered endosymbionts that alter mammalian cell surface marker, cytokine and chemokine expression. Commun Biol 2022; 5:888. [PMID: 36042261 PMCID: PMC9427783 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing modular tools that direct mammalian cell function and activity through controlled delivery of essential regulators would improve methods of guiding tissue regeneration, enhancing cellular-based therapeutics and modulating immune responses. To address this challenge, Bacillus subtilis was developed as a chassis organism for engineered endosymbionts (EES) that escape phagosome destruction, reside in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells, and secrete proteins that are transported to the nucleus to impact host cell response and function. Two synthetic operons encoding either the mammalian transcription factors Stat-1 and Klf6 or Klf4 and Gata-3 were recombined into the genome of B. subtilis expressing listeriolysin O (LLO) from Listeria monocytogenes and expressed from regulated promoters. Controlled expression of the mammalian proteins from B. subtilis LLO in the cytoplasm of J774A.1 macrophage/monocyte cells altered surface marker, cytokine and chemokine expression. Modulation of host cell fates displayed some expected patterns towards anti- or pro-inflammatory phenotypes by each of the distinct transcription factor pairs with further demonstration of complex regulation caused by a combination of the EES interaction and transcription factors. Expressing mammalian transcription factors from engineered intracellular B. subtilis as engineered endosymbionts comprises a new tool for directing host cell gene expression for therapeutic and research purposes. The establishment of non-pathogenic engineered endosymbionts through B. subtilis is presented, with the aim of delivering mammalian transcription factors to the host cell for therapeutics and research.
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10
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Park SD, Saunders AS, Reidy MA, Bender DE, Clifton S, Morris KT. A review of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor signaling and regulation with implications for cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:932608. [PMID: 36033452 PMCID: PMC9402976 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.932608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (GCSFR) is a critical regulator of granulopoiesis. Studies have shown significant upregulation of GCSFR in a variety of cancers and cell types and have recognized GCSFR as a cytokine receptor capable of influencing both myeloid and non-myeloid immune cells, supporting pro-tumoral actions. This systematic review aims to summarize the available literature examining the mechanisms that control GCSFR signaling, regulation, and surface expression with emphasis on how these mechanisms may be dysregulated in cancer. Experiments with different cancer cell lines from breast cancer, bladder cancer, glioma, and neuroblastoma are used to review the biological function and underlying mechanisms of increased GCSFR expression with emphasis on actions related to tumor proliferation, migration, and metastasis, primarily acting through the JAK/STAT pathway. Evidence is also presented that demonstrates a differential physiological response to aberrant GCSFR signal transduction in different organs. The lifecycle of the receptor is also reviewed to support future work defining how this signaling axis becomes dysregulated in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin David Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Apryl S. Saunders
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Megan A. Reidy
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Dawn E. Bender
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Shari Clifton
- Department of Information Management, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Katherine T. Morris
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine T. Morris,
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11
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Primary and Acquired Resistance against Immune Check Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143294. [PMID: 35884355 PMCID: PMC9316464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary NSCLC accounts for approximately 84% of lung malignancies and the clinical application of ICIs provides a novel and promising strategy. However, approximately 80% of NSCLC patients do not benefit from ICIs due to drug resistance complicated by disciplines and diverse mechanisms. Through this review, we provide a whole map of current understanding of primary and acquired resistance mechanisms in NSCLC. In the first part, resistance mechanisms of 6 FDA-approved ICIs-related primary resistance are collected and arranged into 7 steps of the well-known cancer-immunity cycle. Acquired resistance induced by ICIs are summarized in the second part. In the third part, we discuss the future direction, including the deeper understanding of tumor microenvironment and the combinational treatment. Through this review, clinicians can get clear and direct clues to find the underlying mechanisms in patients and translational researchers can acquire several directions to overcome resistance and apply new combinational treatment. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as the treatment landscape of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent years. However, approximately 80% of NSCLC patients do not benefit from ICIs due to primary resistance (no initial response) or acquired resistance (tumor relapse after an initial response). In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance. Furthermore, we provide a future direction of the potential predictive biomarkers and the tumor microenvironmental landscape and suggest treatment strategies to overcome these mechanisms.
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12
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Study protocol of Phase 2 open-label multicenter randomized controlled trial for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) in post-Kasai Type 3 biliary atresia. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:1019-1030. [PMID: 35391541 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies support RCT findings of improved liver function and short-term benefits using repurposed Granulocyte Colonic Stimulating Factor GCSF in adults with decompensated cirrhosis. We describe the protocol for phase 2 RCT of sequential Kasai-GCSF under an FDA-approved IND to test that GCSF improves early bile flow and post-Kasai biliary atresia BA clinical outcome. Immediate post-Kasai neonates, age 15-180 days, with biopsy-confirmed type 3 BA, without access to early liver transplantation, will be randomized 1:1 to standard of care SOC + GCSF at 10 ug/kg in 3 daily doses within 4 days of Kasai vs SOC + NO-GCSF (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0437391). They will be recruited from children's hospitals in Vietnam, Pakistan and one US center. The primary objective is to demonstrate that GCSF decreases the proportion of subjects with a 3-month post-Kasai serum Total Bilirubin ≥ 34 umol/L by 20%, (for a = 0.05, b = 0.80, i.e., calculated sample size of 218 subjects). The secondary objectives are to demonstrate that the frequency of post-Kasai cholangitis at 6-month and 24-month transplant-free survival are improved. The benefits are that GCSF is an affordable BA adjunct therapy, especially in developing countries, to improve biliary complications, enhance quality of liver and survival while diminishing costly liver transplantation.Clinical trial registration: A phase 1 for GCSF dose and safety determination under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03395028 was completed in 2019. The current Phase 2 trial was registered under NCT04373941.
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13
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Schuermann LE, Bergmann CB, Goetzman H, Caldwell CC, Satish L. Heat-killed probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum affects the function of neutrophils but does not improve survival in murine burn injury. Burns 2022; 49:877-888. [PMID: 35850881 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have become of interest as therapeutics in trauma or sepsis-induced inflammation due to their ability to affects the immune response. However, their use is still under debate due to the potential risk of septicemia. Therefore, heat-killed probiotics offer a potential alternative, with recent research suggesting a comparable immunomodulating potential and increased safety. In a previous study, we demonstrated decreased mortality by administration of live Lactobacillus plantarum in a mouse burn-sepsis model. Neutrophils are an essential innate defense against pathogens. Therefore, our present study aims to understand the impact of heat-killed probiotic L. plantarum (HKLP) on neutrophil function. Utilizing an in vitro stimulation with HKLP and a burn-infection in vivo model, we determined that administration of HKLP induced significant release of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stimulated the release of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. HKLP had no impact on neutrophil function, such as phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and NETosis, but increased apoptosis and activated neutrophils. HKLP did not improve survival. Together, contrary to our hypothesis, heat-killed probiotics did not improve neutrophil function and survival outcome in a murine severe burn injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Schuermann
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christian B Bergmann
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Holly Goetzman
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Latha Satish
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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14
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Areecheewakul S, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Haque E, Jing X, Meyerholz DK, O'Shaughnessy PT, Thorne PS, Salem AK. Time course of pulmonary inflammation and trace element biodistribution during and after sub-acute inhalation exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles in a murine model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:40. [PMID: 35698146 PMCID: PMC9195454 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been shown that copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) induce pulmonary toxicity after acute or sub-acute inhalation exposures. However, little is known about the biodistribution and elimination kinetics of inhaled CuO NPs from the respiratory tract. The purposes of this study were to observe the kinetics of pulmonary inflammation during and after CuO NP sub-acute inhalation exposure and to investigate copper (Cu) biodistribution and clearance rate from the exposure site and homeostasis of selected trace elements in secondary organs of BALB/c mice. Results Sub-acute inhalation exposure to CuO NPs led to pulmonary inflammation represented by increases in lactate dehydrogenase, total cell counts, neutrophils, macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, iron levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and lung weight changes. Dosimetry analysis in lung tissues and BAL fluid showed Cu concentration increased steadily during exposure and gradually declined after exposure. Cu elimination from the lung showed first-order kinetics with a half-life of 6.5 days. Total Cu levels were significantly increased in whole blood and heart indicating that inhaled Cu could be translocated into the bloodstream and heart tissue, and potentially have adverse effects on the kidneys and spleen as there were significant changes in the weights of these organs; increase in the kidneys and decrease in the spleen. Furthermore, concentrations of selenium in kidneys and iron in spleen were decreased, pointing to disruption of trace element homeostasis. Conclusions Sub-acute inhalation exposure of CuO NPs induced pulmonary inflammation, which was correlated to Cu concentrations in the lungs and started to resolve once exposure ended. Dosimetry analysis showed that Cu in the lungs was translocated into the bloodstream and heart tissue. Secondary organs affected by CuO NPs exposure were kidneys and spleen as they showed the disruption of trace element homeostasis and organ weight changes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00480-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudartip Areecheewakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Ezazul Haque
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Xuefang Jing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Patrick T O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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15
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Neto E, Monteiro AC, Leite Pereira C, Simões M, Conde JP, Chu V, Sarmento B, Lamghari M. Micropathological Chip Modeling the Neurovascular Unit Response to Inflammatory Bone Condition. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102305. [PMID: 35158409 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip in vitro platforms accurately mimic complex microenvironments offering the ability to recapitulate and dissect mechanisms of physiological and pathological settings, revealing their major importance to develop new therapeutic targets. Bone diseases, such as osteoarthritis, are extremely complex, comprising of the action of inflammatory mediators leading to unbalanced bone homeostasis and de-regulation of sensory innervation and angiogenesis. Although there are models to mimic bone vascularization or innervation, in vitro platforms merging the complexity of bone, vasculature, innervation, and inflammation are missing. Therefore, in this study a microfluidic-based neuro-vascularized bone chip (NVB chip) is proposed to 1) model the mechanistic interactions between innervation and angiogenesis in the inflammatory bone niche, and 2) explore, as a screening tool, novel strategies targeting inflammatory diseases, using a nano-based drug delivery system. It is possible to set the design of the platform and achieve the optimized conditions to address the neurovascular network under inflammation. Moreover, this system is validated by delivering anti-inflammatory drug-loaded nanoparticles to counteract the neuronal growth associated with pain perception. This reliable in vitro tool will allow understanding the bone neurovascular system, enlightening novel mechanisms behind the inflammatory bone diseases, bone destruction, and pain opening new avenues for new therapies discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrela Neto
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Monteiro
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
| | - Catarina Leite Pereira
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
| | - Miguel Simões
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
| | - João Pedro Conde
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores (INESC) Microsystems and Nanotechnologies Rua Alves Redol, 9 1000‐029 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Virginia Chu
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores (INESC) Microsystems and Nanotechnologies Rua Alves Redol, 9 1000‐029 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- CESPU Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde Rua Central da Gandra, 137 Gandra 4585‐116 Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
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Abdelrahman SA, Abdelfatah MM, Keshta AT. Rapamycin-filgrastim combination therapy ameliorates portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly: Role of β actin and S100A9 proteins modulation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:732-744. [PMID: 35949314 PMCID: PMC9320204 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.64034.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Thioacetamide (TAA) was administered to induce an animal model of liver disease with secondary splenomegaly to assess the mechanisms underlying the effects of rapamycin and filgrastim when taken separately or in combination on the biochemical and histopathological aspects of the liver and spleen. Materials and Methods Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups (control, TAA-treated group, TAA+rapamycin, TAA+filgrastim, and TAA+rapamycin+filgrastim group). We measured relative liver and spleen weights, serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and albumin. Molecular docking modeling and histopathological examination of liver and spleen sections with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining with immunohistochemical detection of splenic CD3 and CD20 lymphocytes, S100A9 and β actin antibodies were detected. Morphometric and statistical analyses of the results were performed. Results TAA administration altered the histological structure of the liver and spleen and impaired liver function. It increased the expression of splenic CD3, CD20 lymphocytes, and S100A9 while diminishing the expression of β actin. Each of rapamycin and filgrastim, when administered separately, improved liver and spleen indices and liver function, but rapamycin did not affect the albumin level. They lowered splenic B and T lymphocyte levels. Expression levels of S100A9 showed down-regulation while β actin levels were up-regulated when compared with TAA. Combination therapy improved liver and spleen tissue pathology and significantly ameliorated the expression of splenic lymphocytes through regulation of S100A9 and β actin expression. Conclusion The synergistic effect of combination therapy was dependent on the regulation of splenic S100A9 and β actin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A. Abdelrahman
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt,Corresponding author: Shaimaa A. Abdelrahman. Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed M. Abdelfatah
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Akaber T. Keshta
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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17
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Lee GKC, Kang H, Beeler-Marfisi J, Sears W, Lillie BN, Bienzle D. Effects of equine SALSA on neutrophil phagocytosis and macrophage cytokine production. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264911. [PMID: 35286327 PMCID: PMC8920288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA) is a secreted protein with various immunomodulatory roles. In humans, the protein agglutinates and inactivates microorganisms, and inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Saliva, which is rich in SALSA, accelerates bacterial phagocytosis, but SALSA’s contribution is unclear. In horses, the functions of SALSA in inflammation remain undetermined, so they were investigated through phagocytosis and cytokine assays. Equine SALSA was purified from duodenal tissue, which contains abundant SALSA. To assess phagocytosis, fluorescently-labelled bacteria were incubated with 20, 10, 5, or 2.5 μg/mL of SALSA or phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and then incubated at 37°C or on ice with whole blood from seven healthy horses. Fluorescence was measured by gating on neutrophils using a flow cytometer, and compared between groups. To assess effects on cytokine production, alveolar macrophages were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of five healthy horses and cultured in serum-free media for 24 hours with different concentrations of SALSA plus 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), only LPS, or only media. Cytokines were measured in supernatant using an equine-specific multiplex bead immunoassay. There was significantly greater phagocytosis in samples incubated at 37°C compared to incubation on ice. Samples incubated with 20 μg/mL of SALSA at 37°C had less phagocytosis compared to samples with 10 or 2.5 μg/mL SALSA, or PBS. Alveolar macrophages incubated with SALSA plus LPS released significantly less CXC motif chemokine ligand 1, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor α, and more granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), compared to macrophages incubated with LPS alone. These findings indicate anti-inflammatory effects, which may be due to interference with toll-like receptor 4 recognition of LPS or downstream signaling. Increase in G-CSF following incubation with SALSA suggests a novel mechanism for immunoregulation of alveolar macrophages by SALSA, addressing a knowledge gap regarding its functions in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Kwok Cheong Lee
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Heng Kang
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William Sears
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon N. Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Zhang AW, Morjaria S, Kaltsas A, Hohl TM, Parameswaran R, Patel D, Zhou W, Predmore J, Perez-Johnston R, Jee J, Daniyan AF, Perales MA, Taur Y. The Effect of Neutropenia and Filgrastim (G-CSF) on Cancer Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:567-574. [PMID: 34111237 PMCID: PMC8406899 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutropenia is commonly encountered in cancer patients. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastim), a cytokine that initiates proliferation and differentiation of mature granulocytes, is widely given to oncology patients to counteract neutropenia, reducing susceptibility to infection. However, the clinical impact of neutropenia and G-CSF use in cancer patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unknown. METHODS An observational cohort of 379 actively treated cancer patients with COVID-19 was assembled to investigate links between concurrent neutropenia and G-CSF administration on COVID-19-associated respiratory failure and death. These factors were encoded as time-dependent predictors in an extended Cox model, controlling for age and underlying cancer diagnosis. To determine whether the degree of granulocyte response to G-CSF affected outcomes, the degree of response to G-CSF, based on rise in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 24 hours after growth factor administration, was also incorporated into a similar Cox model. RESULTS In the setting of active COVID-19 infection, outpatient receipt of G-CSF led to an increased number of hospitalizations (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-10.0, P value: .017). Furthermore, among inpatients, G-CSF administration was associated with increased need for high levels of oxygen supplementation and death (HR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.19-10.2, P value: .024). This effect was predominantly seen in patients that exhibited a high response to G-CSF based on their ANC increase post-G-CSF administration (HR: 7.78, 95% CI: 2.05-27.9, P value: .004). CONCLUSIONS The potential risks versus benefits of G-CSF administration should be considered in neutropenic cancer patients with COVID-19, because G-CSF administration may lead to worsening clinical and respiratory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W Zhang
- MD/PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Kaltsas
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
| | - Rekha Parameswaran
- Hematology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Patel
- Department of Quality and Safety, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Operation Excellence, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York, USA
- Advanced Practice Provider Department, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
| | - Jacqueline Predmore
- MD/PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rocio Perez-Johnston
- Hematology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justin Jee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony F Daniyan
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York, USA
- Cellular Therapeutics Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of
Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, New
York, USA
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
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19
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Kumar A, Choudhary S, Kumar S, Adhikari JS, Kapoor S, Chaudhury NK. Role of melatonin mediated G-CSF induction in hematopoietic system of gamma-irradiated mice. Life Sci 2022; 289:120190. [PMID: 34883100 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) can cause lethality, and therefore, the necessity of a safe radioprotector. The present study was focused on investigating the role of melatonin in granulocytes colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and related mechanisms underlying the reduction of DNA damage in hematopoietic system of irradiated mice. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 2, 5, and 7.5Gy of whole-body irradiation (WBI), 30 min after intra-peritoneal administration of melatonin with different doses. Mice were sacrificed at different time intervals after WBI, and bone marrow, splenocytes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated for studying various parameters including micronuclei (MN), cell cycle, comet, γ-H2AX, gene expression, amino acid profiling, and hematology. KEY FINDINGS Melatonin100mg/kg ameliorated radiation (7.5Gy and 5Gy) induced MN frequency and cell death in bone marrow without mortality. At 24 h of post-WBI (2Gy), the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mnPCE) with different melatonin doses revealed 20 mg/kg as optimal i.p. dose for protecting the hematopoietic system against radiation injury. In comet assay, a significant reduction in radiation-induced % DNA tail (p ≤ 0.05) was observed at this dose. Melatonin reduced γ-H2AX foci/cell and eventually reached to the control level. Melatonin also decreased blood arginine levels in mice after 24 h of WBI. The gene expression of G-CSF, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and Bcl2 indicated the role of melatonin in G-CSF regulation and downstream pro-survival pathways along with anti-apoptotic activity. SIGNIFICANCE The results revealed that melatonin recovers the hematopoietic system of irradiated mice by inducing G-CSF mediated radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, Hamdard nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Somesh Kumar
- Pediatrics Genetics & Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi 110002, India
| | - Jawahar S Adhikari
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Seema Kapoor
- Pediatrics Genetics & Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi 110002, India
| | - Nabo K Chaudhury
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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20
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Lewicki S, Leśniak M, Sobolewska-Ruta A, Lewicka A, Grodzik M, Machaj EK, Saracyn M, Kubiak JZ, Pojda Z. Encapsulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in liposomes prepared by thin film hydration and their transfer to mesenchymal stem cells and cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1051-1061. [PMID: 35832713 PMCID: PMC9266718 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.94527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokines are important immune modulator factors controlling homeostasis of the body and are involved in tissue regeneration after wound healing. The encapsulation of cytokines in liposomes has many advantages potentially useful for their transfer to the cells. Liposomes protect cytokines from neutralization, improving their pharmacokinetics or biologic activity in vivo. They are targeted to specific cell types and may delay the release of cytokines, allowing their sustained paracrine delivery. Their physicochemical characteristics such as size, shape, charge, and stability are important parameters improving bio-distribution and prolonged pharmacokinetics of encapsulated cytokines. MATERIAL AND METHODS We developed an efficient protocol for the encapsulation of two types of cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), in liposomes that can be stored long term in the active state. RESULTS This method allows for the encapsulation of 12-13% of the total amount of cytokines and 50% of encapsulated cytokines are entrapped in liposomes of more than ≤ 600 nm in diameter. We show that in the studied cell lines the liposome-encapsulated cytokines do not affect cell morphology, proliferation or mortality. CONCLUSIONS The G-CSF or GM-CSF can be delivered to the cells in working concentrations through the encapsulation in the liposomes. Before the clinical application, the efficiency of these liposomes should be confirmed by an in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Leśniak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aneta Lewicka
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marek Saracyn
- Department of Endocrinology and Isotope Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR – Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, UMR 6290, Cell Cycle Group, Faculty of Medicine, Rennes, France
| | - Zygmunt Pojda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Lock JY, Caboni M, Strandwitz P, Morrissette M, DiBona K, Joughin BA, Lewis K, Carrier RL. An in vitro intestinal model captures immunomodulatory properties of the microbiota in inflammation. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2039002. [PMID: 35316142 PMCID: PMC8942420 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2039002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable effort has been put forth to understand mechanisms by which the microbiota modulates and responds to inflammation. Here, we explored whether oxidation metabolites produced by the host during inflammation, sodium nitrate and trimethylamine oxide, impact the composition of a human stool bacterial population in a gut simulator. We then assessed whether an immune-competent in vitro intestinal model responded differently to spent medium from bacteria exposed to these cues compared to spent medium from a control bacterial population. The host-derived oxidation products were found to decrease levels of Bacteroidaceae and overall microbiota metabolic potential, while increasing levels of proinflammatory Enterobacteriaceae and lipopolysaccharide in bacterial cultures, reflecting shifts that occur in vivo in inflammation. Spent microbiota media induced elevated intracellular mucin levels and reduced intestinal monolayer integrity as reflected in transepithelial electrical resistance relative to fresh medium controls. However, multiplexed cytokine analysis revealed markedly different cytokine signatures from intestinal cultures exposed to spent medium with added oxidation products relative to spent control medium, while cytokine signatures of cultures exposed to fresh media were similar regardless of addition of host-derived cues. Further, the presence of immune cells in the intestinal model was required for this differentiation of cytokine signatures. This study indicates that simple in vitro immune-competent intestinal models can capture bacterial-mammalian cross-talk in response to host-derived oxidation products and supports utility of these systems for mechanistic studies of interactions between the gut microbiome and host in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Y. Lock
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariaelena Caboni
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Strandwitz
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeleine Morrissette
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin DiBona
- Department of Biochemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian A. Joughin
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Mit and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massacusetts, USA
| | - Kim Lewis
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Carrier
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Lamatsch S, Sittner R, Tacke F, Engelmann C. Novel drug discovery strategies for the treatment of decompensated cirrhosis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 17:273-282. [PMID: 34971342 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2020755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disease progression in cirrhosis leads to decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which is characterized by organ failure and high mortality. Portal hypertension and cardiovascular dysfunction trigger the development of cirrhosis-related complications whilst tissue injury and cellular metabolic dysfunction lead to organ failure. System inflammation is the overarching mechanism mediating both the transition from compensation to decompensation as well as progression to ACLF. Treatment of precipitating events and intensive organ support is the only established therapeutic strategies. Liver transplantationrepresents the only curative therapy but contraindications and organ scarcity limit its availability to only a minority of patients with end-stage liver disease. Therefore, the discovery and development of novel interventions modifying the disease course and improving patients' outcome are of utmost importance. AREAS COVERED This review highlights and discusses therapeutic novelties in the field of end-stage liver disease. EXPERT OPINION Despite decades of research, there are still no established therapies to improve the devastating prognosis of patients with end-stage liver disease. The clinical heterogeneity and complex pathogenesis will put high demands on drug discovery. Combinatorial therapies tailored to the patients' individual pattern of pathomechanisms may be the most efficient way to modify disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Lamatsch
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Sittner
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelius Engelmann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité (BIH) - BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Zbinden A, Canté-Barrett K, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJT. Stem Cell-Based Disease Models for Inborn Errors of Immunity. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010108. [PMID: 35011669 PMCID: PMC8750661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic capacity of human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) to reconstitute myeloid and lymphoid lineages combined with their self-renewal capacity hold enormous promises for gene therapy as a viable treatment option for a number of immune-mediated diseases, most prominently for inborn errors of immunity (IEI). The current development of such therapies relies on disease models, both in vitro and in vivo, which allow the study of human pathophysiology in great detail. Here, we discuss the current challenges with regards to developmental origin, heterogeneity and the subsequent implications for disease modeling. We review models based on induced pluripotent stem cell technology and those relaying on use of adult hHSCs. We critically review the advantages and limitations of current models for IEI both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that existing and future stem cell-based models are necessary tools for developing next generation therapies for IEI.
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24
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Mechanisms of Immunomodulation and Cytoprotection Conferred to Pancreatic Islet by Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:346-359. [PMID: 34613550 PMCID: PMC8799589 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine activity can reverse inflammation mediated dysfunction of islet grafts. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) possess regenerative, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that hAECs could protect islets from cellular damage induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. To verify our hypothesis, hAEC monocultures, rat islets (RI), or RI-hAEC co-cultures where exposed to a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail (Interferon γ: IFN-γ, Tumor necrosis factor α: TNF-α and Interleukin-1β: IL-1β). The secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression changes in hAECs and viability and function of RI were evaluated. The expression of non-classical Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules by hAECs cultured with various IFN-γ concentrations were assessed. Exposure to the pro-inflammatory cocktail significantly increased the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL10 and G-CSF by hAECs, which was confirmed by upregulation of IL6, and IL10 gene expression. HLA-G, HLA-E and PDL-1 gene expression was also increased. This correlated with an upregulation of STAT1, STAT3 and NF-κB1gene expression levels. RI co-cultured with hAECs maintained normal function after cytokine exposure compared to RI cultured alone, and showed significantly lower apoptosis rate. Our results show that exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulates secretion of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors by hAECs through the JAK1/2 – STAT1/3 and the NF-κB1 pathways, which in turn protects islets against inflammation-induced damages. Integrating hAECs in islet transplants appears as a valuable strategy to achieve to inhibit inflammation mediated islet damage, prolong islet survival, improve their engraftment and achieve local immune protection allowing reducing systemic immunosuppressive regimens.
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25
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Engelmann C, Martino VD, Kerbert AJC, Weil-Verhoeven D, Aehling NF, Herber A, Thévenot T, Berg T. The Current Status of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor to Treat Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:298-307. [PMID: 33992029 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) have a devastating prognosis and therapeutic options are limited. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes immune and stem cells and possess immune-modulatory and proregenerative capacities. In this review, we aim to define the current evidence for the treatment with G-CSF in end-stage liver disease. Several smaller clinical trials in patients with different severity grades of end-stage liver disease have shown that G-CSF improves survival and reduces the rate of complications. Adequately powered multicenter European trials could not confirm these beneficial effects. In mouse models of ACLF, G-CSF increased the toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory response which led to an increase in mortality. Adding a TLR4 signaling inhibitor allowed G-CSF to unfold its proregenerative properties in these ACLF models. These data suggest that G-CSF requires a noninflammatory environment to exert its protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Engelmann
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Medical, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent Di Martino
- Service d'Hépatologie et de Soins Intensifs Digestifs, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Annarein J C Kerbert
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine Weil-Verhoeven
- Service d'Hépatologie et de Soins Intensifs Digestifs, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Niklas Friedemann Aehling
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adam Herber
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thierry Thévenot
- Service d'Hépatologie et de Soins Intensifs Digestifs, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Holterman A, Nguyen HPA, Nadler E, Vu GH, Mohan P, Vu M, Trinh TT, Bui HTT, Nguyen BT, Quynh AT, Pham HD. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor GCSF mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells in Kasai patients with biliary atresia in a phase 1 study and improves short term outcome. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:1179-1185. [PMID: 33965236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In RCT of adults with decompensated cirrhosis, GCSF mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells HSC and improves short-term outcome. An FDA-IND for sequential Kasai-GCSF treatment in biliary atresia BA was approved. This phase 1 study examines GCSF safety in Kasai subjects. Preliminary short-term outcome was evaluated. METHODS GCSF (Neupogen) at 5 or 10 μg/kg (n = 3/group) was given in 3 daily doses starting on day 3 of Kasai surgery (NCT03395028). Serum CD34+ HSC cell counts, and 1-month of GCSF-related adverse events were monitored. The 6-months Phase 1 clinical outcome was compared against 10 subsequent post Phase 1 Kasai patients who did not receive GCSF. RESULTS With GCSF, WBC and platelet count transiently increased, LFT and serum creatinine remained stable. Reversible splenic enlargement (by 8.5-20%) occurred in 5/6 subjects. HSC count increased 12-fold and 17.5-fold for the 5 μg/kg and10 ug/kg dose respectively; with respective median total bilirubin levels for GCSF vs no-GCSF groups of 55 vs 91 μM at 1 month, p = 0.05; 15 vs 37 μM at 3 months, p = 0.24); and the 6-months cholangitis frequency of 40% vs 90%, p = 0.077. CONCLUSIONS GCSF safely mobilizes HSC in Kasai infants and may improve short-term biliary drainage and cholangitis. Phase 2 efficacy outcome of GCSF adjunct therapy for sequential Kasai and GCSF is pending.
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Affiliation(s)
- AiXuan Holterman
- Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | | | - Evan Nadler
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C, United States
| | - Giap H Vu
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Parvathi Mohan
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C, United States
| | - Megan Vu
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, United States
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27
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Allenby MC, Okutsu N, Brailey K, Guasch J, Zhang Q, Panoskaltsis N, Mantalaris A. A spatiotemporal microenvironment model to improve design of a 3D bioreactor for red cell production. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:38-53. [PMID: 34130508 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular microenvironments provide stimuli including paracrine and autocrine growth factors and physico-chemical cues, which support efficient in vivo cell production unmatched by current in vitro biomanufacturing platforms. While three-dimensional (3D) culture systems aim to recapitulate niche architecture and function of the target tissue/organ, they are limited in accessing spatiotemporal information to evaluate and optimize in situ cell/tissue process development. Herein, a mathematical modelling framework is parameterized by single-cell phenotypic imaging and multiplexed biochemical assays to simulate the non-uniform tissue distribution of nutrients/metabolites and growth factors in cell niche environments. This model is applied to a bone marrow mimicry 3D perfusion bioreactor containing dense stromal and hematopoietic tissue with limited red blood cell (RBC) egress. The model characterized an imbalance between endogenous cytokine production and nutrient starvation within the microenvironmental niches, and recommended increased cell inoculum density and enhanced medium exchange, guiding the development of a miniaturized prototype bioreactor. The second-generation prototype improved the distribution of nutrients and growth factors and supported a 50-fold increase in RBC production efficiency. This image-informed bioprocess modelling framework leverages spatiotemporal niche information to enhance biochemical factor utilization and improve cell manufacturing in 3D systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Colin Allenby
- Queensland University of Technology, 1969, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Naoki Okutsu
- Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Kate Brailey
- Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Joana Guasch
- Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Nicki Panoskaltsis
- Emory University, 1371, Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.,Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Haematology, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 1372, BME, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.,Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
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28
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Waag DM, Chance TB, Trevino SR, Rossi FD, Fetterer DP, Amemiya K, Dankmeyer JL, Ingavale SS, Tobery SA, Zeng X, Kern SJ, Worsham PL, Cote CK, Welkos SL. Comparison of three non-human primate aerosol models for glanders, caused by Burkholderia mallei. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104919. [PMID: 33915206 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei is a gram-negative obligate animal pathogen that causes glanders, a highly contagious and potentially fatal disease of solipeds including horses, mules, and donkeys. Humans are also susceptible, and exposure can result in a wide range of clinical forms, i.e., subclinical infection, chronic forms with remission and exacerbation, or acute and potentially lethal septicemia and/or pneumonia. Due to intrinsic antibiotic resistance and the ability of the organisms to survive intracellularly, current treatment regimens are protracted and complicated; and no vaccine is available. As a consequence of these issues, and since B. mallei is infectious by the aerosol route, B. mallei is regarded as a major potential biothreat agent. To develop optimal medical countermeasures and diagnostic tests, well characterized animal models of human glanders are needed. The goal of this study was to perform a head-to-head comparison of models employing three commonly used nonhuman primate (NHP) species, the African green monkey (AGM), Rhesus macaque, and the Cynomolgus macaque. The natural history of infection and in vitro clinical, histopathological, immunochemical, and bacteriological parameters were examined. The AGMs were the most susceptible NHP to B. mallei; five of six expired within 14 days. Although none of the Rhesus or Cynomolgus macaques succumbed, the Rhesus monkeys exhibited abnormal signs and clinical findings associated with B. mallei infection; and the latter may be useful for modeling chronic B. mallei infection. Based on the disease progression observations, gross and histochemical pathology, and humoral and cellular immune response findings, the AGM appears to be the optimal model of acute, lethal glanders infection. AGM models of infection by B. pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, have been characterized recently. Thus, the selection of the AGM species provides the research community with a single NHP model for investigations on acute, severe, inhalational melioidosis and glanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Waag
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Taylor B Chance
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sylvia R Trevino
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Franco D Rossi
- Applied and Advanced Technology-Aerobiology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - David P Fetterer
- Biostatistics Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kei Amemiya
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Dankmeyer
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Susham S Ingavale
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Tobery
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Kern
- Biostatistics Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Patricia L Worsham
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher K Cote
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Susan L Welkos
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.
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Ivan DC, Walthert S, Locatelli G. Central Nervous System Barriers Impact Distribution and Expression of iNOS and Arginase-1 in Infiltrating Macrophages During Neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666961. [PMID: 33936108 PMCID: PMC8082146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neuroinflammatory diseases, monocyte-derived cells (MoCs) traffic through distinct central nervous system (CNS) barriers and gain access to the organ parenchyma exerting detrimental or beneficial functions. How and where these MoCs acquire their different functional commitments during CNS invasion remains however unclear, thus hindering the design of MS treatments specifically blocking detrimental MoC actions. To clarify this issue, we investigated the distribution of iNOS+ pro-inflammatory and arginase-1+ anti-inflammatory MoCs at the distinct border regions of the CNS in a mouse model of MS. Interestingly, MoCs within perivascular parenchymal spaces displayed a predominant pro-inflammatory phenotype compared to MoCs accumulating at the leptomeninges and at the intraventricular choroid plexus (ChP). Furthermore, in an in vitro model, we could observe the general ability of functionally-polarized MoCs to migrate through the ChP epithelial barrier, together indicating the ChP as a potential CNS entry and polarization site for MoCs. Thus, pro- and anti-inflammatory MoCs differentially accumulate at distinct CNS barriers before reaching the parenchyma, but the mechanism for their phenotype acquisition remains undefined. Shedding light on this process, we observed that endothelial (BBB) and epithelial (ChP) CNS barrier cells can directly regulate transcription of Nos2 (coding for iNOS) and Arg1 (coding for arginase-1) in interacting MoCs. More specifically, while TNF-α+IFN-γ stimulated BBB cells induced Nos2 expression in MoCs, IL-1β driven activation of endothelial BBB cells led to a significant upregulation of Arg1 in MoCs. Supporting this latter finding, less pro-inflammatory MoCs could be found nearby IL1R1+ vessels in the mouse spinal cord upon neuroinflammation. Taken together, our data indicate differential distribution of pro- and anti-inflammatory MoCs at CNS borders and highlight how the interaction of MoCs with CNS barriers can significantly affect the functional activation of these CNS-invading MoCs during autoimmune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Ivan
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Liu P, Chen X, Zhang J, Zhang H, Li S, Chen Y, Song X, Wang J, Zeng H, Zhang X, Tang C, Yu C, Li Y, Xu C. GCSF deficiency attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through regulating GCSFR-SOCS3-JAK-STAT3 pathway and immune cells infiltration. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G531-G542. [PMID: 33470903 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00342.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is a cytokine with immunomodulation effects. However, little is known about its role in metabolic diseases. In the current study, we aimed to explore the role of GCSF in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male GCSF-/- mice were used to investigate the function of GCSF in vivo after high-fat diet (HFD). Primary hepatocytes were used for evaluating the function of GCSF in vitro. Liver immune cells were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results showed that GCSF administration significantly increased serum triglyceride (TG) levels in patients. Circulating GCSF was markedly elevated in HFD-fed mice. GCSF-/- mice exhibited alleviated HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Extra administration of GCSF significantly aggravated palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipid accumulation in primary hepatocytes. Mechanically, GCSF could bind to granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (GCSFR) and regulate suppressors of cytokine signaling 3, Janus kinase, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (SOCS3-JAK-STAT3) pathway. GCSF also enhanced hepatic neutrophils and macrophages infiltration, thereby modulating NAFLD. These findings suggest that GCSF plays an important regulatory role in NAFLD and may be a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found GCSF was involved in lipid metabolism and NAFLD development. GCSF administration increased serum triglyceride levels in patients. GCSF deficiency alleviated HFD-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice. GCSF could directly act on hepatocytes through GCSFR-SOCS3-JAK-STAT3 pathway, and regulate the infiltration of immune cells into the liver to indirectly modulate NAFLD. Our finding indicates that GCSF may provide new strategies for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peihao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yishu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Theron AJ, Steel HC, Rapoport BL, Anderson R. Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110406. [PMID: 33233675 PMCID: PMC7699711 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are particularly adept at exploiting the immunosuppressive potential of neutrophils as a strategy to achieve uncontrolled proliferation and spread. Recruitment of neutrophils, particularly those of an immature phenotype, known as granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, is achieved via the production of tumor-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and neutrophil-selective chemokines. This is not the only mechanism by which G-CSF contributes to tumor-mediated immunosuppression. In this context, the G-CSF receptor is expressed on various cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems and is associated with induction of T cell polarization towards the Th2 and regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotypes. In contrast to the potentially adverse effects of sustained, endogenous production of G-CSF by tumor cells, stringently controlled prophylactic administration of recombinant (r) G-CSF is now a widely practiced strategy in medical oncology to prevent, and in some cases treat, chemotherapy-induced severe neutropenia. Following an overview of the synthesis, structure and function of G-CSF and its receptor, the remainder of this review is focused on: (i) effects of G-CSF on the cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems; (ii) mechanisms by which this cytokine promotes tumor progression and invasion; and (iii) current clinical applications and potential risks of the use of rG-CSF in medical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-319-2355
| | - Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
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Rhea EM, Logsdon AF, Banks WA, Erickson ME. Intranasal Delivery: Effects on the Neuroimmune Axes and Treatment of Neuroinflammation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111120. [PMID: 33233734 PMCID: PMC7699866 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the pre-clinical and clinical work performed to use intranasal delivery of various compounds from growth factors to stem cells to reduce neuroimmune interactions. We introduce the concept of intranasal (IN) delivery and the variations of this delivery method based on the model used (i.e., rodents, non-human primates, and humans). We summarize the literature available on IN delivery of growth factors, vitamins and metabolites, cytokines, immunosuppressants, exosomes, and lastly stem cells. We focus on the improvement of neuroimmune interactions, such as the activation of resident central nervous system (CNS) immune cells, expression or release of cytokines, and detrimental effects of signaling processes. We highlight common diseases that are linked to dysregulations in neuroimmune interactions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Rhea
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-206-764-2938
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michelle E. Erickson
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Gaut D, Tang K, Sim MS, Duong T, Young P, Sasine J. Filgrastim associations with CAR T-cell therapy. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1192-1196. [PMID: 33091961 PMCID: PMC7894177 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the benefits and risks of myeloid growth factor administration after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We present a retrospective analysis among 22 relapsed/refractory DLBCL patients who received CAR T‐cell therapy with axicabtagene ciloleucel. Filgrastim was administered by physician discretion to seven patients (31.8%), and the median duration of neutropenia after lymphodepleting therapy was significantly shorter for those patients who received filgrastim (5 vs 15 days, P = .016). Five patients (22.7%) developed infection in the 30 days post‐CAR T‐cell therapy with three patients being Grade 3 or higher. There was no difference in the incidence and severity of infection based on filgrastim use (P = .274, P = .138). Among the seven patients that received filgrastim, six patients (85.7%) and four patients (57.1%) had evidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), respectively. Among the 15 patients that did not receive filgrastim, 8 patients (53.3%) and 7 patients (46.7%) had evidence of CRS and ICANS, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of developing CRS or ICANS between the group of patients that received filgrastim and those that did not (P = .193, P = .647). However, there was a significant increase in the severity of CRS for patients that received filgrastim compared to those that did not (P = .042). Filgrastim administration after CAR T‐cell therapy may lead to an increase in severity of CRS without decreasing infection rates. What's new Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma is limited by associated cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and cytopenias. Little is known about the benefits and risks of myeloid growth factor administration in CAR T‐cell therapy. This retrospective analysis reveals a significant increase in the severity but not the incidence of cytokine release syndrome in those patients that received filgrastim. There was no association of filgrastim use with the severity or incidence of neurotoxicity and infection rates. The findings call for caution in the use of myeloid growth factors in patients undergoing CAR T‐cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Gaut
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kevin Tang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Myung Shin Sim
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tuyen Duong
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Patricia Young
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joshua Sasine
- Hematopoietic Cell Therapy Program, Division of Hematology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chaari A, Bendriss G, Zakaria D, McVeigh C. Importance of Dietary Changes During the Coronavirus Pandemic: How to Upgrade Your Immune Response. Front Public Health 2020; 8:476. [PMID: 32984253 PMCID: PMC7481450 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus pandemic continues to spread causing further public health, social, and economic issues. The disparities in the rates of death between countries poses questions about the importance of lifestyle habits and the immune status of populations. An exploration of dietary habits and COVID-19-related death might unravel associations between these two variables. Indeed, while both nutritional excess and deficiency are associated with immunodeficiency, adequate nutrition leading to an optimally functioning immune system may be associated with better outcomes with regards to preventing infection and complications of COVID-19, as well as developing a better immune response to other pathogenic viruses and microorganisms. This article outlines the key functions of the immune system and how macronutrients, micronutrients, and metabolites from the gut microbiome can be essential in the development of an efficient immune system. In addition, the effects of intermittent fasting on the inflammatory state as well as metabolic parameters will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Chaari
- Premedical Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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Ischemic Stroke among the Symptoms Caused by the COVID-19 Infection. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092688. [PMID: 32825182 PMCID: PMC7565891 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO recognized the spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Based on statistics from 10 August 2020, more than 20.2 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported resulting in more than 738,000 deaths. This completely new coronavirus has spread worldwide in a short period, causing economic crises and healthcare system failures worldwide. Initially, it was thought that the main health threat was associated with respiratory system failures, but since then, SARS-CoV-2 has been linked to a broad spectrum of symptoms indicating neurological manifestations, including ischemic stroke. Current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and its complications is very limited because of its rapidly evolving character. However, further research is undoubtedly necessary to understand the causes of neurological abnormalities, including acute cerebrovascular disease. The viral infection is inextricably associated with the activation of the immune system and the release of pro-inflammatory factors, that can stimulate the host organism to defend itself. However, the body’s immune response is a double-edged sword that on one hand, destroys the virus but also disrupts the homeostasis leading to serious complications, including thrombosis. Numerous studies have linked coagulopathies with COVID-19, however, there is great uncertainty regarding it functions on the molecular level. In this review, a detailed insight into the biological processes associated with ischemic stroke in COVID-19 patients and suggest a possible explanation for this phenomenon is provided.
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Morjaria S, Zhang A, Kaltsas Md A, Parameswaran R, Patel D, Zhou W, Predmore J, Perez Johnston R, Jee J, Perales M, Daniyan A, Taur Y, Mailankody S. The Effect of Neutropenia and Filgrastim (G-CSF) in Cancer Patients With COVID-19 Infection. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.08.13.20174565. [PMID: 32817981 PMCID: PMC7430626 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20174565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutropenia is commonly encountered in cancer patients, and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastim) is widely given to oncology patients to counteract neutropenia and prevent infection. G-CSF is both a growth factor and cytokine that initiates proliferation and differentiation of mature granulocytes. However, the clinical impact of neutropenia and G-CSF use in cancer patients, who are also afflicted with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains unknown. METHODS An observational cohort of 304 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was assembled to investigate links between concurrent neutropenia (N=55) and G-CSF administration (N=16) on COVID-19-associated respiratory failure and death. These factors were assessed as time-dependent predictors using an extended Cox model, controlling for age and underlying cancer diagnosis. To determine whether the degree of granulocyte response to G-CSF affected outcomes, a similar model was constructed with patients that received G-CSF, categorized into high- and low-response, based on the level of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) rise 24 hours after growth factor administration. RESULTS Neutropenia (ANC < 1 K/mcL) during COVID-19 course was not independently associated with severe respiratory failure or death (HR: 0.71, 95% Cl: 0.34-1.50, P value: 0.367) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. When controlling for neutropenia, G-CSF administration was associated with increased need for high oxygen supplementation and death (HR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.06-8.28, P value: 0.038). This effect was predominantly seen in patients that exhibited a high response to G-CSF based on their ANC increase post-G-CSF administration (HR: 5.18, 95% CI: 1.61-16.64, P value: 0.006). CONCLUSION Possible risks versus benefits of G-CSF administration should be weighed in neutropenic cancer patients with COVID-19 infection, as G-CSF may lead to worsening clinical and respiratory status in this setting.
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Brown AO, Singh KV, Cruz MR, Kaval KG, Francisco LE, Murray BE, Garsin DA. Cardiac Microlesions Form During Severe Bacteremic Enterococcus faecalis Infection. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:508-516. [PMID: 32597945 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a significant cause of hospital-acquired bacteremia. Herein, the discovery is reported that cardiac microlesions form during severe bacteremic E. faecalis infection in mice. The cardiac microlesions were identical in appearance to those formed by Streptococcus pneumoniae during invasive pneumococcal disease. However, E. faecalis does not encode the virulence determinants implicated in pneumococcal microlesion formation. Rather, disulfide bond forming protein A (DsbA) was found to be required for E. faecalis virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans model and was necessary for efficient cardiac microlesion formation. Furthermore, E. faecalis promoted cardiomyocyte apoptotic and necroptotic cell death at sites of microlesion formation. Additionally, loss of DsbA caused an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, unlike the wild-type strain, which suppressed the immune response. In conclusion, we establish that E. faecalis is capable of forming cardiac microlesions and identify features of both the bacterium and the host response that are mechanistically involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand O Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kavindra V Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa R Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karan Gautam Kaval
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Liezl E Francisco
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara E Murray
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle A Garsin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Li Z, Xiao G, Lyu M, Wang Y, He S, Du H, Wang X, Feng Y, Zhu Y. Shuxuening injection facilitates neurofunctional recovery via down-regulation of G-CSF-mediated granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis pathway in a subacute stroke mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110213. [PMID: 32417690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke neural damage is a serious health concern which does not yet have an effective treatment. We have shown previously that Shuxuening injection (SXNI), a Ginkgo biloba extract-based natural medicine, protects brain after an acute ischemic stroke, but its efficacy for post-stroke recovery is not known. This study was to investigate whether SXNI can improve the prognosis of stroke at a subacute phase. Mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and drugs or saline were injected by the tail vein every 12 h after reperfusion. The therapeutic effect of SXNI was evaluated by survival rate, modified neurologic severity scores (mNSS), open-field test, locomotive gait patterns, cerebral infarction volume, brain edema and histopathological changes. Subsequently, a combined method of RNA-seq and Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed to identify key targets and pathways of SXNI facilitating the prognosis of stroke in mouse brain. The results of the transcriptome analysis were verified by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The experimental results showed that in the new subacute stroke model, SXNI markedly improves the survival rate, neurological and motor functions and histopathological changes, and significantly reduces cerebral infarction and edema volume. RNA-seq analysis of subacute stroke mice with or without SXNI (3 mL/kg) indicated 963 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a fold change ≥ 1.5 and a P-value ≤ 0.01. IPA analysis of DEGs showed that granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis ranked first in the pathway ranking, and the most critical gene regulated by SXNI was G-csf. Simultaneously, RT-PCR, ELISA, WB and IHC results demonstrated that SXNI not only obviously reduced the mRNA expression levels of key genes G-csf, Sele and Mac-1 in this pathway, but also significantly decreased the protein expression levels of G-CSF in serum and E-selectin and MAC-1 in brain tissues. In summary, our research suggested that SXNI can exert a remarkable neurofunctional therapeutic effect on stroke mice via down-regulating G-CSF to inhibit granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis. This study provides experimental evidence that SXNI may fulfill the need for stroke medicine targeting specifically at the recovery stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yule Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Weber GE, Koenig KA, Khrestian M, Shao Y, Tuason ED, Gramm M, Lal D, Leverenz JB, Bekris LM. An Altered Relationship between Soluble TREM2 and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults with Down Syndrome: A Preliminary Report. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:1111-1118. [PMID: 31959733 PMCID: PMC7033027 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neuropathology, characterized by amyloid plaques with amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles with tau accumulation. Peripheral inflammation and the innate immune response are elevated in DS. Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) genetic variants are risk factors for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), a soluble cleavage product of TREM2, is elevated in AD cerebrospinal fluid and positively correlates with cognitive decline. There is relatively little information about TREM2 in DS. Our objective was to examine the relationship between sTREM2 and inflammatory markers in young adults with DS, prior to the development of dementia symptoms. Because TREM2 plays a role in the innate immune response and has been associated with dementia, the hypothesis of this exploratory study was that young adults with DS predementia (n = 15, mean age = 29.5 y) would exhibit a different relationship between sTREM2 and inflammatory markers in plasma, compared with neurotypical, age-matched controls (n = 16, mean age = 29.6 y). Indeed, young adults with DS had significantly elevated plasma sTREM2 and inflammatory markers. Additionally, in young adults with DS, sTREM2 correlated positively with 24 of the measured cytokines, whereas there were no significant correlations in the control group. Hierarchical clustering of sTREM2 and cytokine concentrations also differed between the groups, supporting the hypothesis that its function is altered in people with DS predementia. This preliminary report of human plasma provides a basis for future studies investigating the relationship between TREM2 and the broader immune response predementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Weber
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | | | - Maria Khrestian
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Yvonne Shao
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | | | - Marie Gramm
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Dennis Lal
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - James B Leverenz
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Clevland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Lynn M Bekris
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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40
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Philips CA, Augustine P, Rajesh S, Ahamed R, George T, Padsalgi G, Paramaguru R, Valiathan G, John SK. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Use in Decompensated Cirrhosis: Lack of Survival Benefit. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 10:124-134. [PMID: 32189927 PMCID: PMC7067994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) has been utilized in decompensated cirrhosis (DC) for improving transplant-free survival (TFS). Data from multiple centers are conflicting with regard to patient outcomes. In this retrospective study, we present our 'real-world experience' of GCSF use in a large group of DC. METHODS From September 2016 to September 2018, 1231 patients with cirrhosis were screened, of which 754 were found to have decompensation(s). Seventy-three patients with active ascites, jaundice, or both completed GCSF treatment (10 mcg/kg per day for 5 days, followed by 5 mcg/kg/day once every third day for total 12 doses). Per-protocol analysis (n = 56) was performed to study clinical events, liver disease severity, and outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Modified intention-to-treat (mITT, n = 100) analysis was performed to study overall survival at 180 days. Outcomes were compared with a matched historical control (HC) group (n = 24). RESULTS Nine (16%, n = 56), 24 (43%, n = 56), and 36 (75%, n = 48) patients died at 3, 6, and 12-month follow-up after GCSF. The commonest cause of death was sepsis (53%) followed by progressive liver failure (33%). Nine percent of patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma on follow-up at the end of 1 year. Acute variceal bleeds, overt hepatic encephalopathy, intensive unit admissions, and liver disease severity scores were higher after treatment at the end of 1 year. The Child-Pugh score >11 and model for end-stage liver disease-sodium score >25 and > 20 predicted worse outcomes at all time points and at 6 and 12 months after GCSF, respectively. Compared to a matched HC group, patients receiving GCSF had higher mortality (75% vs 46%, P = 0.04) at one year. mITT analysis revealed poor overall survival at 6 months compared to HCs (48% vs 75%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Survival in DC was shorter than what was expected in the natural history of the disease after GCSF use.
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Key Words
- AKI, acute kidney injury
- AUC, area under the receiver operating curve
- AVB, acute variceal bleeding
- BMSCs, Bone marrow–derived stem cells
- CTP score, Child–Pugh score
- DC, decompensated cirrhosis
- DP, darbepoetin
- GCSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
- HC, historical control
- HCC
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HE, hepatic encephalopathy
- ICU, intensive care unit
- INR, international normalized ratio
- LT, liver transplantation
- MELD-Na, model for end-stage liver disease-sodium
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- SMT, standard medical treatment
- TFS, transplant free survival
- encephalopathy
- erythropoietin
- growth factor
- hyponatremia
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac A. Philips
- The Liver Unit, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Center, Kochi, Kerala
| | - Philip Augustine
- Gastroenterology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Center, Kochi, Kerala
| | - Sasidharan Rajesh
- Interventional Radiology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Center, Kochi, Kerala
| | - Rizwan Ahamed
- Gastroenterology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Center, Kochi, Kerala
| | - Tom George
- Interventional Radiology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Center, Kochi, Kerala
| | - Guruprasad Padsalgi
- Gastroenterology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Center, Kochi, Kerala
| | | | - Gopakumar Valiathan
- Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Center, Kochi, Kerala
| | - Solomon K. John
- Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Center, Kochi, Kerala
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Hall TJ, Vernimmen D, Browne JA, Mullen MP, Gordon SV, MacHugh DE, O’Doherty AM. Alveolar Macrophage Chromatin Is Modified to Orchestrate Host Response to Mycobacterium bovis Infection. Front Genet 2020; 10:1386. [PMID: 32117424 PMCID: PMC7020904 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis, which can also cause disease in a range of other mammals, including humans. Alveolar macrophages are the key immune effector cells that first encounter M. bovis and how the macrophage epigenome responds to mycobacterial pathogens is currently not well understood. Here, we have used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), RNA-seq and miRNA-seq to examine the effect of M. bovis infection on the bovine alveolar macrophage (bAM) epigenome. We show that H3K4me3 is more prevalent, at a genome-wide level, in chromatin from M. bovis-infected bAM compared to control non-infected bAM; this was particularly evident at the transcriptional start sites of genes that determine programmed macrophage responses to mycobacterial infection (e.g. M1/M2 macrophage polarisation). This pattern was also supported by the distribution of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) ChIP-seq results, which highlighted significantly increased transcriptional activity at genes demarcated by permissive chromatin. Identification of these genes enabled integration of high-density genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, which revealed genomic regions associated with resilience to infection with M. bovis in cattle. Through integration of these data, we show that bAM transcriptional reprogramming occurs through differential distribution of H3K4me3 and Pol II at key immune genes. Furthermore, this subset of genes can be used to prioritise genomic variants from a relevant GWAS data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Hall
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas Vernimmen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P. Mullen
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Stephen V. Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E. MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan M. O’Doherty
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Vasin MV, Ushakov IB. Potential Ways to Increase Body Resistance to Damaging Action of Ionizing Radiation with Radiomitigators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086419060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mdlalose S, Moodley J, Naicker T. The role of follistatin and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in HIV-associated pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 19:81-86. [PMID: 31926380 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
KwaZulu-Natal has a high burden of HIV infection and high blood pressure, specifically pre-eclampsia (PE) in pregnancy. Follistatin (FS) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) are two glycoproteins involved in PE pathogenesis. In light of the high maternal mortality and morbidity in South Africa (SA), we investigated the expression of FS and G-CSF in the duality of HIV-associated PE. Serum samples of normotensive and pre-eclamptic women were analysed using the Bio-Plex Multiplex Immunoassay. FS expression was significantly reduced in pre-eclamptic (median = 372.0, IQR = 719.2) compared to normotensive (median = 1569.0, IQR = 2043.0) (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we detected significant FS expression across all study groups. There was a significant difference between HIV -ve normotensive (median = 9.0, IQR = 7.0) vs HIV +ve normotensive (median = 12.0, IQR = 5.0) groups. Additionally, G-CSF expression was notably higher in HIV +ve normotensive when compared to all study groups. This study demonstrated a downregulation of FS and G-CSF expression in PE, compared to normotensive pregnancies. This finding may be attributed to oxidative stress and its immunoregulatory role in the hyperinflammatory milieu of PE. HIV status had no effect on both analytes, albeit upregulated due to immune reconstitution emanating from highly active antiretroviral therapy. Our novel findings suggest that FS and G-CSF may have a potential predictor test value in early pregnancy, hence work on this is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphesihle Mdlalose
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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miR-200a-3p modulates gene expression in comorbid pain and depression: Molecular implication for central sensitization. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:230-238. [PMID: 31479730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.08.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain and depression are often comorbid exhibiting common clinical presentations and biological connections related to central nervous system sensitization. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the brain plays a crucial role in response to long-lasting stress and chronic pain, and microRNA imbalance in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) might be involved in central sensitization. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and spared nerve injury (SNI) to initiate depressive-like behavior and chronic pain behavior, respectively. The next-generation sequencing technique was employed to analyze PFC microRNAs in both the UCMS and SNI models. Rats exposed to either UCMS or SNI exhibited both depressive-like and chronic pain behaviors. Five specific microRNAs (miR-10a-5p, miR-182, miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p, and miR-429) were simultaneously down-regulated in the depressive-like and chronic pain models after 4 weeks of short-term stress. Gene ontology revealed that the 4-week period of stress enhanced neurogenesis. Only the miR-200a-3p level was continuously elevated under prolonged stress, suggesting roles of reduced neurogenesis, inflammatory activation, disturbed circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism, and insulin secretion in the co-existence of pain and depression. Thus we conclude that miR-200a-3p might be a specific biomarker of central sensitization in chronic pain and depression.
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Bordoni V, Sacchi A, Casetti R, Cimini E, Tartaglia E, Pinnetti C, Mondi A, Gruber CEM, Antinori A, Agrati C. Impact of ART on dynamics of growth factors and cytokines in primary HIV infection. Cytokine 2019; 125:154839. [PMID: 31542514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral treatment (ART) of Primary HIV Infection (PHI) has demonstrated virological and immunological benefits. The effect of early ART during PHI on the level of growth factors and chemokines modulating immune cell functions remains to be established. The aim of our work was to analyze the dynamics of 27 cytokines, chemokines and growth/regulation factors in plasma of HIV infected patients treated during PHI. Patients with PHI (n = 43) were enrolled before, 24 and 48 weeks after therapy initiation. Quantification of soluble immune mediators was performed in plasma from HIV infected patients and healthy donors (HD, n = 7) by Luminex technology. The cytokines profile was strongly perturbed in primary HIV infected patients when compared to healthy donors (HD). After 48 weeks of ART, some of these factors were restored to HD level (IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, IL-9, IL12p70, TNFα) while others persisted higher than HD (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13). Interestingly, a subset of chemokines, such as IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES and CCL27, and growth factors such as HGF, SCF and GM-CSF, increased during ART, reaching values significantly higher than HD after 48 weeks. Moreover, the G-CSF and MIP-1β soluble mediators were persistently altered and showed an inverse correlation with the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio. The increase of chemokines with antiviral activity and of growth factors with hematopoietic and immunomodulatory properties may have beneficial effects. Other studies are mandatory to evaluate the effects of long lasting levels of these factors to clarify their possible role in the context of protection/pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bordoni
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Casetti
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Tartaglia
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Pinnetti
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mondi
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare E M Gruber
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Antinori
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
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Li J, Wang D, Xing X, Cheng TJR, Liang PH, Bulone V, Park JH, Hsieh YS. Structural analysis and biological activity of cell wall polysaccharides extracted from Panax ginseng marc. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Rao M, Dodoo E, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Immunometabolism and Pulmonary Infections: Implications for Protective Immune Responses and Host-Directed Therapies. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:962. [PMID: 31134013 PMCID: PMC6514247 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology and clinical efficacy of immune cells from patients with infectious diseases or cancer are associated with metabolic programming. Host immune- and stromal-cell genetic and epigenetic signatures in response to the invading pathogen shape disease pathophysiology and disease outcomes. Directly linked to the immunometabolic axis is the role of the host microbiome, which is also discussed here in the context of productive immune responses to lung infections. We also present host-directed therapies (HDT) as a clinically viable strategy to refocus dysregulated immunometabolism in patients with infectious diseases, which requires validation in early phase clinical trials as adjuncts to conventional antimicrobial therapy. These efforts are expected to be continuously supported by newly generated basic and translational research data to gain a better understanding of disease pathology while devising new molecularly defined platforms and therapeutic options to improve the treatment of patients with pulmonary infections, particularly in relation to multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
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Wright TA, Page RC, Konkolewicz D. Polymer conjugation of proteins as a synthetic post-translational modification to impact their stability and activity. Polym Chem 2019; 10:434-454. [PMID: 31249635 PMCID: PMC6596429 DOI: 10.1039/c8py01399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For more than 40 years, protein-polymer conjugates have been widely used for many applications, industrially and biomedically. These bioconjugates have been shown to modulate the activity and stability of various proteins while introducing reusability and new activities that can be used for drug delivery, improve pharmacokinetic ability, and stimuli-responsiveness. Techniques such as RDRP, ROMP and "click" have routinely been utilized for development of well-defined bioconjugate and polymeric materials. Synthesis of bioconjugate materials often take advantage of natural amino acids present within protein and peptide structures for a host of coupling chemistries. Polymer modification may elicit increased or decreased activity, activity retention under harsh conditions, prolonged activity in vivo and in vitro, and introduce stimuli responsiveness. Bioconjugation has resulted to modulated thermal stability, chemical stability, storage stability, half-life and reusability. In this review we aim to provide a brief state of the field, highlight a wide range of behaviors caused by polymer conjugation, and provide areas of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiesha A Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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Johannesen S, Budeus B, Peters S, Iberl S, Meyer AL, Kammermaier T, Wirkert E, Bruun TH, Samara VC, Schulte-Mattler W, Herr W, Schneider A, Grassinger J, Bogdahn U. Biomarker Supervised G-CSF (Filgrastim) Response in ALS Patients. Front Neurol 2018; 9:971. [PMID: 30534107 PMCID: PMC6275232 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate safety, tolerability and feasibility of long-term treatment with Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a well-known hematopoietic stem cell factor, guided by assessment of mobilized bone marrow derived stem cells and cytokines in the serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) treated on a named patient basis. Methods: 36 ALS patients were treated with subcutaneous injections of G-CSF on a named patient basis and in an outpatient setting. Drug was dosed by individual application schemes (mean 464 Mio IU/month, range 90-2160 Mio IU/month) over a median of 13.7 months (range from 2.7 to 73.8 months). Safety, tolerability, survival and change in ALSFRS-R were observed. Hematopoietic stem cells were monitored by flow cytometry analysis of circulating CD34+ and CD34+CD38− cells, and peripheral cytokines were assessed by electrochemoluminescence throughout the intervention period. Analysis of immunological and hematological markers was conducted. Results: Long term and individually adapted treatment with G-CSF was well tolerated and safe. G-CSF led to a significant mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral blood. Higher mobilization capacity was associated with prolonged survival. Initial levels of serum cytokines, such as MDC, TNF-beta, IL-7, IL-16, and Tie-2 were significantly associated with survival. Continued application of G-CSF led to persistent alterations in serum cytokines and ongoing measurements revealed the multifaceted effects of G-CSF. Conclusions: G-CSF treatment is feasible and safe for ALS patients. It may exert its beneficial effects through neuroprotective and -regenerative activities, mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as angiogenic factors. These cytokines may serve as prognostic markers when measured at the time of diagnosis. Hematopoietic stem cell numbers and cytokine levels are altered by ongoing G-CSF application and may potentially serve as treatment biomarkers for early monitoring of G-CSF treatment efficacy in ALS in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siw Johannesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Peters
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Iberl
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Louise Meyer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tina Kammermaier
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Wirkert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim-Henrik Bruun
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Verena C Samara
- Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Grassinger
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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50
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Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Producing Extrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma: A Case Report. Int Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-16-00168.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) producing tumors are rare diseases and occur in various organs. However, due to the rarity of these tumors, the precise biologic characteristics and optimal therapeutic strategies are largely unknown. Previous studies have shown the extremely high malignant potential and aggressive clinical features of G-CSF producing tumors, regardless of the histologic type and tumor location. We present the case of a 59-year-old female who had large tumor in extrahepatic bile duct. She underwent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Then, she also received gemcitabine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy for metastatic lesions. The therapy showed a certain effect and she survived for 17 months after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of multidisciplinary treatment with surgery and systemic chemotherapy for G-CSF producing extrahepatic bile duct cancer. This study highlights the potential of multidisciplinary treatment even for this lethal disease condition.
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