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Song Z, Lin Q, Liang J, Zhang W. Inhibition of Sesn2 has negative regulatory effects on the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:31. [PMID: 39117956 PMCID: PMC11310181 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 (Sesn2) has been previously confirmed to be a stress-response molecule. However, the influence of Sesn2 on myogenic differentiation remains elusive. This study was conducted to analyze the role of Sesn2 in the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and related aspects in mdx mice, an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Our results showed that knockdown of Sesn2 reduced the myogenic differentiation capacity of C2C12 myoblasts. Predictive analysis from two databases suggested that miR-182-5p is a potential regulator of Sesn2. Further experimental validation revealed that overexpression of miR-182-5p decreased both the protein and mRNA levels of Sesn2 and inhibited myogenesis of C2C12 myoblasts. These findings suggest that miR-182-5p negatively regulates myogenesis by repressing Sesn2 expression. Extending to an in vivo model of DMD, knockdown of Sesn2 led to decreased Myogenin (Myog) expression and increased Pax7 expression, while its overexpression upregulated Myog levels and enhanced the proportion of slow-switch myofibers. These findings indicate the crucial role of Sesn2 in promoting myogenic differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration, providing potential therapeutic targets for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubiao Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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2
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Chen SL, Wu CC, Li N, Weng TH. Post-transcriptional regulation of myogenic transcription factors during muscle development and pathogenesis. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2024; 45:21-39. [PMID: 38206489 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of skeletal muscle (SKM) development (myogenesis) has been documented for over 3 decades and served as a paradigm for tissue-specific cell type determination and differentiation. Myogenic stem cells (MuSC) in embryos and adult SKM are regulated by the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7 for their stem cell characteristics, while their lineage determination and terminal differentiation are both dictated by the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) that comprise Mrf4, Myf5, Myogenin, and MyoD. The myocyte enhancer factor Mef2c is activated by MRF during terminal differentiation and collaborates with them to promote myoblast fusion and differentiation. Recent studies have found critical regulation of these myogenic transcription factors at mRNA level, including subcellular localization, stability, and translational regulation. Therefore, the regulation of Pax3/7, MRFs and Mef2c mRNAs by RNA-binding factors and non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), will be the focus of this review and the impact of this regulation on myogenesis will be further addressed. Interestingly, the stem cell characteristics of MuSC has been found to be critically regulated by ncRNAs, implying the involvement of ncRNAs in SKM homeostasis and regeneration. Current studies have further identified that some ncRNAs are implicated in the etiology of some SKM diseases and can serve as valuable tools/indicators for prediction of prognosis. The roles of ncRNAs in the MuSC biology and SKM disease etiology will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Liang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Che Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Weng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
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3
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Bejarano DH, Martínez RA, Rocha JF. Genome-wide association study for growth traits in Blanco Orejinegro and Romosinuano cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:358. [PMID: 37848724 PMCID: PMC10581918 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Growth traits are economically important characteristics for the genetic improvement of local cattle breeds. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide valuable information to enhance the understanding on the genetics of complex traits. The aim of this study was to perform a GWAS to identify genomic regions and genes associated to birth weight, weaning weight adjusted for 240 days, 16 months, and 24 months weight in Romosinuano (ROMO) and Blanco Orejinegro (BON) cattle. A single-step genomic-BLUP was implemented using 596 BON and 569 ROMO individuals that were genotyped with an Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip. There were 25 regions of interest identified on different chromosomes, with few of them simultaneously associated with two or more growth traits and some were common to both breeds. The gene mapping allowed to find 173 annotations on these regions, from which 49 represent potential candidate genes with known growth-related functions in cattle and other species. Among the regions that were associated with several growth traits, that at 24 - 27 MB of BTA14, has important candidate genes such as LYPLA1, XKR4, TMEM68 and PLAG1. Another region of interest at 0.40-0.77 Mb of BTA23 was identified in both breeds, containing KHDRBS2 as a potential candidate gene influencing body weight. Future studies targeting these regions could provide more knowledge to uncover the genetic architecture underlying growth traits in BON and ROMO cattle. The genomic regions and genes identified in this study could be used to improve the prediction of genetic merit for growth traits in these creole cattle breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego H Bejarano
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria -AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km. 14, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo A Martínez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria -AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km. 14, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Juan F Rocha
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria -AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km. 14, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
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4
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Bøgwald I, Østbye TKK, Pedersen AM, Rønning SB, Dias J, Eilertsen KE, Wubshet SG. Calanus finmarchicus hydrolysate improves growth performance in feeding trial with European sea bass juveniles and increases skeletal muscle growth in cell studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12295. [PMID: 37516761 PMCID: PMC10387114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The world will be dependent on the development of novel feed ingredients from renewable sources to ensure sustainable growth of the aquaculture industry. Zooplankton like Calanus finmarchicus are viable new raw material candidates, as they have optimal nutrient profiles for aquatic animals and may be sustainably harvested in large volumes. In this study, the aim was to investigate if a protein hydrolysate of C. finmarchicus was able to influence the growth performance of fish. The effect of dietary inclusion of hydrolysates was tested in a feeding trial with European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles, benchmarking calanus hydrolysate (CH) against commercially available hydrolysates. The diet with CH inclusion yielded increased growth, with significantly higher body weight than hydrolysates of sardine and tuna fish at the end of the trial. The observed growth-promoting effects were further examined using an in vitro model with skeletal muscle cells from Atlantic salmon. Through bioactivity experiments with muscle cells grown in media containing CH, low-molecular fractions were found to have the greatest positive effect on proliferation, viability, and expression of muscle-specific genes. Characterization of the most potent fraction revealed an abundance of small peptides, along with amino acids and marine metabolites associated with increased muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isak Bøgwald
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UIT-The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. box 6050, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
- Calanus AS, P.O. box 808, 9258, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Tone-Kari K Østbye
- Nofima AS-The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Sissel Beate Rønning
- Nofima AS-The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Jorge Dias
- SPAROS Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Karl-Erik Eilertsen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UIT-The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. box 6050, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sileshi Gizachew Wubshet
- Nofima AS-The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
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5
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Liu L, Yin L, Yuan Y, Tang Y, Lin Z, Liu Y, Yang J. Developmental Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle during the Embryonic Stage in Chinese Yellow Quail ( Coturnix japonica). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2317. [PMID: 37508093 PMCID: PMC10376076 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The quail is an important research model, and the demand for quail meat has been increasing in recent years; therefore, it is worthwhile investigating the development of embryonic skeletal muscle and the expression patterns of regulatory genes. In this study, the expression of MyoD and Pax7 in the breast muscle (m. pectoralis major) and leg muscle (m. biceps femoris) of quail embryos on days 10 through 17 were determined using qRT-PCR. Paraffin sections of embryonic muscle were analyzed to characterize changes over time. Results showed that MyoD and Pax7 were expressed in both breast and leg muscles and played a significant role in embryonic muscle development. Compared to breast muscle, leg muscle grew faster and had greater weight and myofiber size. The findings suggested that embryonic day 12 (E12) may be a key point for muscle development. Correlation analysis showed that MyoD expression was significantly negatively correlated with muscle and embryo weight, whereas Pax7 gene expression had no significant correlation with these characteristics. These fundamental results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the characteristics and transition points of skeletal muscle development in quail embryos and an important reference for farmers raising quail from eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lingqian Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaohan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongzhen Lin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiandong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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6
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Pomella S, Danielli SG, Alaggio R, Breunis WB, Hamed E, Selfe J, Wachtel M, Walters ZS, Schäfer BW, Rota R, Shipley JM, Hettmer S. Genomic and Epigenetic Changes Drive Aberrant Skeletal Muscle Differentiation in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2823. [PMID: 37345159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents, represents an aberrant form of skeletal muscle differentiation. Both skeletal muscle development, as well as regeneration of adult skeletal muscle are governed by members of the myogenic family of regulatory transcription factors (MRFs), which are deployed in a highly controlled, multi-step, bidirectional process. Many aspects of this complex process are deregulated in RMS and contribute to tumorigenesis. Interconnected loops of super-enhancers, called core regulatory circuitries (CRCs), define aberrant muscle differentiation in RMS cells. The transcriptional regulation of MRF expression/activity takes a central role in the CRCs active in skeletal muscle and RMS. In PAX3::FOXO1 fusion-positive (PF+) RMS, CRCs maintain expression of the disease-driving fusion oncogene. Recent single-cell studies have revealed hierarchically organized subsets of cells within the RMS cell pool, which recapitulate developmental myogenesis and appear to drive malignancy. There is a large interest in exploiting the causes of aberrant muscle development in RMS to allow for terminal differentiation as a therapeutic strategy, for example, by interrupting MEK/ERK signaling or by interfering with the epigenetic machinery controlling CRCs. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic and epigenetic framework of abnormal muscle differentiation in RMS, as it provides insights into fundamental mechanisms of RMS malignancy, its remarkable phenotypic diversity and, ultimately, opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pomella
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara G Danielli
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Department of Pathology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Willemijn B Breunis
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ebrahem Hamed
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 FNG, UK
| | - Marco Wachtel
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zoe S Walters
- Translational Epigenomics Team, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Beat W Schäfer
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Janet M Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 FNG, UK
| | - Simone Hettmer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center Freiburg, 790106 Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Battistelli C, Garbo S, Maione R. MyoD-Induced Trans-Differentiation: A Paradigm for Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Commitment, Differentiation and Reprogramming. Cells 2022; 11:3435. [PMID: 36359831 PMCID: PMC9654159 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor MyoD represents a milestone in the field of transcriptional regulation during differentiation and cell-fate reprogramming. MyoD was the first tissue-specific factor found capable of converting non-muscle somatic cells into skeletal muscle cells. A unique feature of MyoD, with respect to other lineage-specific factors able to drive trans-differentiation processes, is its ability to dramatically change the cell fate even when expressed alone. The present review will outline the molecular strategies by which MyoD reprograms the transcriptional regulation of the cell of origin during the myogenic conversion, focusing on the activation and coordination of a complex network of co-factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Some molecular roadblocks, found to restrain MyoD-dependent trans-differentiation, and the possible ways for overcoming these barriers, will also be discussed. Indeed, they are of critical importance not only to expand our knowledge of basic muscle biology but also to improve the generation skeletal muscle cells for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rossella Maione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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8
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Davis LA, Fogarty MJ, Brown A, Sieck GC. Structure and Function of the Mammalian Neuromuscular Junction. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3731-3766. [PMID: 35950651 PMCID: PMC10461538 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian neuromuscular junction (NMJ) comprises a presynaptic terminal, a postsynaptic receptor region on the muscle fiber (endplate), and the perisynaptic (terminal) Schwann cell. As with any synapse, the purpose of the NMJ is to transmit signals from the nervous system to muscle fibers. This neural control of muscle fibers is organized as motor units, which display distinct structural and functional phenotypes including differences in pre- and postsynaptic elements of NMJs. Motor units vary considerably in the frequency of their activation (both motor neuron discharge rate and duration/duty cycle), force generation, and susceptibility to fatigue. For earlier and more frequently recruited motor units, the structure and function of the activated NMJs must have high fidelity to ensure consistent activation and continued contractile response to sustain vital motor behaviors (e.g., breathing and postural balance). Similarly, for higher force less frequent behaviors (e.g., coughing and jumping), the structure and function of recruited NMJs must ensure short-term reliable activation but not activation sustained for a prolonged period in which fatigue may occur. The NMJ is highly plastic, changing structurally and functionally throughout the life span from embryonic development to old age. The NMJ also changes under pathological conditions including acute and chronic disease. Such neuroplasticity often varies across motor unit types. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-36, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A. Davis
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew J. Fogarty
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alyssa Brown
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gary C. Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Shirakawa T, Toyono T, Inoue A, Matsubara T, Kawamoto T, Kokabu S. Factors Regulating or Regulated by Myogenic Regulatory Factors in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091493. [PMID: 35563799 PMCID: PMC9104119 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 (also known as Myf6 or herculin) are myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). MRFs are regarded as master transcription factors that are upregulated during myogenesis and influence stem cells to differentiate into myogenic lineage cells. In this review, we summarize MRFs, their regulatory factors, such as TLE3, NF-κB, and MRF target genes, including non-myogenic genes such as taste receptors. Understanding the function of MRFs and the physiology or pathology of satellite cells will contribute to the development of cell therapy and drug discovery for muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Shirakawa
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Takashi Toyono
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Asako Inoue
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Tatsuo Kawamoto
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-93-582-1131; Fax: +81-93-285-6000
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10
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Huang M, Wang X, Banerjee M, Mukherji ST, Kutz LC, Zhao A, Sepanski M, Fan CM, Zhu GZ, Tian J, Wang DZ, Zhu H, Xie ZJ, Pierre SV, Cai L. Regulation of Myogenesis by a Na/K-ATPase α1 Caveolin-Binding Motif. Stem Cells 2022; 40:133-148. [PMID: 35257186 PMCID: PMC8943859 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The N-terminal caveolin-binding motif (CBM) in Na/K-ATPase (NKA) α1 subunit is essential for cell signaling and somitogenesis in animals. To further investigate the molecular mechanism, we have generated CBM mutant human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and examined their ability to differentiate into skeletal muscle (Skm) cells. Compared with the parental wild-type human iPSCs, the CBM mutant cells lost their ability of Skm differentiation, which was evidenced by the absence of spontaneous cell contraction, marker gene expression, and subcellular myofiber banding structures in the final differentiated induced Skm cells. Another NKA functional mutant, A420P, which lacks NKA/Src signaling function, did not produce a similar defect. Indeed, A420P mutant iPSCs retained intact pluripotency and ability of Skm differentiation. Mechanistically, the myogenic transcription factor MYOD was greatly suppressed by the CBM mutation. Overexpression of a mouse Myod cDNA through lentiviral delivery restored the CBM mutant cells' ability to differentiate into Skm. Upstream of MYOD, Wnt signaling was demonstrated from the TOPFlash assay to have a similar inhibition. This effect on Wnt activity was further confirmed functionally by defective induction of the presomitic mesoderm marker genes BRACHYURY (T) and MESOGENIN1 (MSGN1) by Wnt3a ligand or the GSK3 inhibitor/Wnt pathway activator CHIR. Further investigation through immunofluorescence imaging and cell fractionation revealed a shifted membrane localization of β-catenin in CBM mutant iPSCs, revealing a novel molecular component of NKA-Wnt regulation. This study sheds light on a genetic regulation of myogenesis through the CBM of NKA and control of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Huang
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Moumita Banerjee
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Shreya T Mukherji
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Laura C Kutz
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Aijie Zhao
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Michael Sepanski
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Guo-Zhang Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- University of South Florida Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Drive, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 396 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zi-Jian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Sandrine V Pierre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Liquan Cai
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
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11
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Della Gaspera B, Weill L, Chanoine C. Evolution of Somite Compartmentalization: A View From Xenopus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:790847. [PMID: 35111756 PMCID: PMC8802780 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somites are transitory metameric structures at the basis of the axial organization of vertebrate musculoskeletal system. During evolution, somites appear in the chordate phylum and compartmentalize mainly into the dermomyotome, the myotome, and the sclerotome in vertebrates. In this review, we summarized the existing literature about somite compartmentalization in Xenopus and compared it with other anamniote and amniote vertebrates. We also present and discuss a model that describes the evolutionary history of somite compartmentalization from ancestral chordates to amniote vertebrates. We propose that the ancestral organization of chordate somite, subdivided into a lateral compartment of multipotent somitic cells (MSCs) and a medial primitive myotome, evolves through two major transitions. From ancestral chordates to vertebrates, the cell potency of MSCs may have evolved and gave rise to all new vertebrate compartments, i.e., the dermomyome, its hypaxial region, and the sclerotome. From anamniote to amniote vertebrates, the lateral MSC territory may expand to the whole somite at the expense of primitive myotome and may probably facilitate sclerotome formation. We propose that successive modifications of the cell potency of some type of embryonic progenitors could be one of major processes of the vertebrate evolution.
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12
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Lahmann I, Zhang Y, Baum K, Wolf J, Birchmeier C. An oscillatory network controlling self-renewal of skeletal muscle stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112933. [PMID: 34793773 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The balance between proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem cells is tightly controlled, ensuring the maintenance of a cellular pool needed for muscle growth and repair. Muscle stem cells can proliferate, they can generate differentiating cells, or they self-renew to produce new stem cells. Notch signaling plays a crucial role in this process. Recent studies revealed that expression of the Notch effector HES1 oscillates in activated muscle stem cells. The oscillatory expression of HES1 periodically represses transcription from the genes encoding the myogenic transcription factor MYOD and the Notch ligand DLL1, thereby driving MYOD and DLL1 oscillations. This oscillatory network allows muscle progenitor cells and activated muscle stem cells to remain in a proliferative and 'undecided' state, in which they can either differentiate or self-renew. When HES1 is downregulated, MYOD oscillations become unstable and are replaced by sustained expression, which drives the cells into terminal differentiation. During development and regeneration, proliferating stem cells contact each other and the stability of the oscillatory expression depends on regular DLL1 inputs provided by neighboring cells. In such communities of cells that receive and provide Notch signals, the appropriate timing of DLL1 inputs is important, as sustained DLL1 cannot replace oscillatory DLL1. Thus, in cell communities, DLL1 oscillations ensure the appropriate balance between self-renewal and differentiation. In summary, oscillations in myogenic cells are an important example of dynamic gene expression determining cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lahmann
- Neurowissenschaftliches Forschungszentrum, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yao Zhang
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Baum
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, 13125, Berlin, Germany; New address: Hasso Plattner Institute, Digital Engineering Faculty, University of Potsdam, 14482, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jana Wolf
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, 13125, Berlin, Germany; Free University Berlin, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Neurowissenschaftliches Forschungszentrum, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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AlSudais H, Wiper-Bergeron N. From quiescence to repair: C/EBPβ as a regulator of muscle stem cell function in health and disease. FEBS J 2021; 289:6518-6530. [PMID: 34854237 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/Enhancer Binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is a transcriptional regulator involved in numerous physiological processes. Herein, we describe a role for C/EBPβ as a regulator of skeletal muscle stem cell function. In particular, C/EBPβ is expressed in muscle stem cells in healthy muscle where it inhibits myogenic differentiation. Downregulation of C/EBPβ expression at the protein and transcriptional level allows for differentiation. Persistence of C/EBPβ promotes stem cell self-renewal and C/EBPβ expression is required for mitotic quiescence in this cell population. As a critical regulator of skeletal muscle homeostasis, C/EBPβ expression is stimulated in pathological conditions such as cancer cachexia, which perturbs muscle regeneration and promotes myofiber atrophy in the context of systemic inflammation. C/EBPβ is also an important regulator of cytokine expression and immune response genes, a mechanism by which it can influence muscle stem cell function. In this viewpoint, we describe a role for C/EBPβ in muscle stem cells and propose a functional intersection between C/EBPβ and NF-kB action in the regulation of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamood AlSudais
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine Wiper-Bergeron
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
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14
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Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312855. [PMID: 34884664 PMCID: PMC8657788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor (bHLH TF) family is involved in tissue development, cell differentiation, and disease. These factors have transcriptionally positive, negative, and inactive functions by combining dimeric interactions among family members. The best known bHLH TFs are the E-protein homodimers and heterodimers with the tissue-specific TFs or ID proteins. These cooperative and dynamic interactions result in a complex transcriptional network that helps define the cell’s fate. Here, the reported dimeric interactions of 67 vertebrate bHLH TFs with other family members are summarized in tables, including specifications of the experimental techniques that defined the dimers. The compilation of these extensive data underscores homodimers of tissue-specific bHLH TFs as a central part of the bHLH regulatory network, with relevant positive and negative transcriptional regulatory roles. Furthermore, some sequence-specific TFs can also form transcriptionally inactive heterodimers with each other. The function, classification, and developmental role for all vertebrate bHLH TFs in four major classes are detailed.
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15
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Becker R, Vergarajauregui S, Billing F, Sharkova M, Lippolis E, Mamchaoui K, Ferrazzi F, Engel FB. Myogenin controls via AKAP6 non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing center formation at the nuclear envelope. eLife 2021; 10:65672. [PMID: 34605406 PMCID: PMC8523159 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) are pivotal for the function of multiple cell types, but the processes initiating their formation are unknown. Here, we find that the transcription factor myogenin is required in murine myoblasts for the localization of MTOC proteins to the nuclear envelope. Moreover, myogenin is sufficient in fibroblasts for nuclear envelope MTOC (NE-MTOC) formation and centrosome attenuation. Bioinformatics combined with loss- and gain-of-function experiments identified induction of AKAP6 expression as one central mechanism for myogenin-mediated NE-MTOC formation. Promoter studies indicate that myogenin preferentially induces the transcription of muscle- and NE-MTOC-specific isoforms of Akap6 and Syne1, which encodes nesprin-1α, the NE-MTOC anchor protein in muscle cells. Overexpression of AKAP6β and nesprin-1α was sufficient to recruit endogenous MTOC proteins to the nuclear envelope of myoblasts in the absence of myogenin. Taken together, our results illuminate how mammals transcriptionally control the switch from a centrosomal MTOC to an NE-MTOC and identify AKAP6 as a novel NE-MTOC component in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Becker
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vergarajauregui
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Billing
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Sharkova
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eleonora Lippolis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Fulvia Ferrazzi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Yagi M, Ji F, Charlton J, Cristea S, Messemer K, Horwitz N, Di Stefano B, Tsopoulidis N, Hoetker MS, Huebner AJ, Bar-Nur O, Almada AE, Yamamoto M, Patelunas A, Goldhamer DJ, Wagers AJ, Michor F, Meissner A, Sadreyev RI, Hochedlinger K. Dissecting dual roles of MyoD during lineage conversion to mature myocytes and myogenic stem cells. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1209-1228. [PMID: 34413137 PMCID: PMC8415322 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348678.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The generation of myotubes from fibroblasts upon forced MyoD expression is a classic example of transcription factor-induced reprogramming. We recently discovered that additional modulation of signaling pathways with small molecules facilitates reprogramming to more primitive induced myogenic progenitor cells (iMPCs). Here, we dissected the transcriptional and epigenetic dynamics of mouse fibroblasts undergoing reprogramming to either myotubes or iMPCs using a MyoD-inducible transgenic model. Induction of MyoD in fibroblasts combined with small molecules generated Pax7+ iMPCs with high similarity to primary muscle stem cells. Analysis of intermediate stages of iMPC induction revealed that extinction of the fibroblast program preceded induction of the stem cell program. Moreover, key stem cell genes gained chromatin accessibility prior to their transcriptional activation, and these regions exhibited a marked loss of DNA methylation dependent on the Tet enzymes. In contrast, myotube generation was associated with few methylation changes, incomplete and unstable reprogramming, and an insensitivity to Tet depletion. Finally, we showed that MyoD's ability to bind to unique bHLH targets was crucial for generating iMPCs but dispensable for generating myotubes. Collectively, our analyses elucidate the role of MyoD in myogenic reprogramming and derive general principles by which transcription factors and signaling pathways cooperate to rewire cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yagi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Fei Ji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jocelyn Charlton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Genome Regulation, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simona Cristea
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen Messemer
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Naftali Horwitz
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bruno Di Stefano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Nikolaos Tsopoulidis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Michael S Hoetker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Aaron J Huebner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ori Bar-Nur
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Albert E Almada
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Anthony Patelunas
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - David J Goldhamer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,The Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Genome Regulation, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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17
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Li X, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Liu P, Li M, Lu Y, Han J. Myoblast differentiation of C2C12 cell may related with oxidative stress. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:173-178. [PMID: 34466339 PMCID: PMC8397823 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2021.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle is a contractile tissue responsible for maintaining posture and the movement of all parts of the body. Prolonged oxidizative stress can lead to the damage of cells, tissues, and organs. In this study, we investigated the possibility of oxidative stress in the process of myoblast differentiation of C2C12 cells. First, the myoblast differentiation model of C2C12 cells was constructed and verified by Giemsa staining. The expression of hypoxia inducible factor1-alpha (HIF1-α), hypoxia inducible factor1-beta (HIF1-β), Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), lysyl oxidase (Lox), EGL-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (EGLN1), proline 4-hydroxylase alpha 1 (P4HA1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HOMX1) in the process of myoblast differentiation was verified by in vitro experiments and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) bioinformatic analysis. We found that with the increased expression of myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1), and Desmin, myotube fusion became more obvious during the process of C2C12 cell differentiation. Both experimental and GEO analysis indicated that the expression of HIF1-α, HIF1-β, VHL, LOX, EGLN1 and P4HA1 increased, and the expression of HOMX1 decreased during myogenic differentiation. Therefore, we suggest that the myoblast differentiation of C2C12 cells may be related to oxidative stress. Their possible relationship was proposed, though further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengchao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to:Yanqin Lu and Jinxiang Han, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, # 6699 Qingdao Road, Ji'nan, Shandong250117, China. E-mail: (YL), (JH)
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to:Yanqin Lu and Jinxiang Han, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, # 6699 Qingdao Road, Ji'nan, Shandong250117, China. E-mail: (YL), (JH)
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18
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Juhl OJ, Buettmann EG, Friedman MA, DeNapoli RC, Hoppock GA, Donahue HJ. Update on the effects of microgravity on the musculoskeletal system. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:28. [PMID: 34301942 PMCID: PMC8302614 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the reignited push for manned spaceflight and the development of companies focused on commercializing spaceflight, increased human ventures into space are inevitable. However, this venture would not be without risk. The lower gravitational force, known as microgravity, that would be experienced during spaceflight significantly disrupts many physiological systems. One of the most notably affected systems is the musculoskeletal system, where exposure to microgravity causes both bone and skeletal muscle loss, both of which have significant clinical implications. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in our understanding of how exposure to microgravity affects the musculoskeletal system. We will focus on the catabolic effects microgravity exposure has on both bone and skeletal muscle cells, as well as their respective progenitor stem cells. Additionally, we report on the mechanisms that underlie bone and muscle tissue loss resulting from exposure to microgravity and then discuss current countermeasures being evaluated. We reveal the gaps in the current knowledge and expound upon how current research is filling these gaps while also identifying new avenues of study as we continue to pursue manned spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto J Juhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Evan G Buettmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael A Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rachel C DeNapoli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel A Hoppock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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19
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Rauch A, Mandrup S. Transcriptional networks controlling stromal cell differentiation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:465-482. [PMID: 33837369 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stromal progenitors are found in many different tissues, where they play an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis owing to their ability to differentiate into parenchymal cells. These progenitor cells are differentially pre-programmed by their tissue microenvironment but, when cultured and stimulated in vitro, these cells - commonly referred to as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) - exhibit a marked plasticity to differentiate into many different cell lineages. Loss-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo have uncovered the involvement of specific signalling pathways and key transcriptional regulators that work in a sequential and coordinated fashion to activate lineage-selective gene programmes. Recent advances in omics and single-cell technologies have made it possible to obtain system-wide insights into the gene regulatory networks that drive lineage determination and cell differentiation. These insights have important implications for the understanding of cell differentiation, the contribution of stromal cells to human disease and for the development of cell-based therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rauch
- Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Functional Genomics & Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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20
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Adhikari A, Kim W, Davie J. Myogenin is required for assembly of the transcription machinery on muscle genes during skeletal muscle differentiation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245618. [PMID: 33465133 PMCID: PMC7815108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle gene expression is governed by the myogenic regulatory family (MRF) which includes MyoD (MYOD1) and myogenin (MYOG). MYOD1 and MYOG are known to regulate an overlapping set of muscle genes, but MYOD1 cannot compensate for the absence of MYOG in vivo. In vitro, late muscle genes have been shown to be bound by both factors, but require MYOG for activation. The molecular basis for this requirement was unclear. We show here that MYOG is required for the recruitment of TBP and RNAPII to muscle gene promoters, indicating that MYOG is essential in assembling the transcription machinery. Genes regulated by MYOD1 and MYOG include genes required for muscle fusion, myomaker and myomerger, and we show that myomaker is fully dependent on activation by MYOG. We also sought to determine the role of MYOD1 in MYOG dependent gene activation and unexpectedly found that MYOG is required to maintain Myod1 expression. However, we also found that exogenous MYOD1 was unable to compensate for the loss of Myog and activate muscle gene expression. Thus, our results show that MYOD1 and MYOG act in a feed forward loop to maintain each other’s expression and also show that it is MYOG, and not MYOD1, that is required to load TBP and activate gene expression on late muscle gene promoters bound by both factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States of America
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - William Kim
- College of Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States of America
| | - Judith Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Abstract
The resident stem cell for skeletal muscle is the satellite cell. On the 50th anniversary of its discovery in 1961, we described the history of skeletal muscle research and the seminal findings made during the first 20 years in the life of the satellite cell (Scharner and Zammit 2011, doi: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-28). These studies established the satellite cell as the source of myoblasts for growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Now on the 60th anniversary, we highlight breakthroughs in the second phase of satellite cell research from 1980 to 2000. These include technical innovations such as isolation of primary satellite cells and viable muscle fibres complete with satellite cells in their niche, together with generation of many useful reagents including genetically modified organisms and antibodies still in use today. New methodologies were combined with description of endogenous satellite cells markers, notably Pax7. Discovery of the muscle regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 in the late 1980s revolutionized understanding of the control of both developmental and regerenative myogenesis. Emergence of genetic lineage markers facilitated identification of satellite cells in situ, and also empowered transplantation studies to examine satellite cell function. Finally, satellite cell heterogeneity and the supportive role of non-satellite cell types in muscle regeneration were described. These major advances in methodology and in understanding satellite cell biology provided further foundations for the dramatic escalation of work on muscle stem cells in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise N. Engquist
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Peter S. Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Correspondence to: Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK. E-mail:
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22
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Li C, Vargas-Franco D, Saha M, Davis RM, Manko KA, Draper I, Pacak CA, Kang PB. Megf10 deficiency impairs skeletal muscle stem cell migration and muscle regeneration. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:114-123. [PMID: 33159715 PMCID: PMC7780119 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic loss‐of‐function MEGF10 mutations lead to MEGF10 myopathy, also known as early onset myopathy with areflexia, respiratory distress, and dysphagia (EMARDD). MEGF10 is expressed in muscle satellite cells, but the contribution of satellite cell dysfunction to MEGF10 myopathy is unclear. Myofibers and satellite cells were isolated and examined from Megf10−/− and wild‐type mice. A separate set of mice underwent repeated intramuscular barium chloride injections. Megf10−/− muscle satellite cells showed reduced proliferation and migration, while Megf10−/− mouse skeletal muscles showed impaired regeneration. Megf10 deficiency is associated with impaired muscle regeneration, due in part to defects in satellite cell function. Efforts to rescue Megf10 deficiency will have therapeutic implications for MEGF10 myopathy and other inherited muscle diseases involving impaired muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dorianmarie Vargas-Franco
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Madhurima Saha
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rachel M Davis
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kelsey A Manko
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Isabelle Draper
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter B Kang
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Genetics Institute and Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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23
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Arons E, Zhou H, Sokolsky M, Gorelik D, Potocka K, Davies S, Fykes E, Still K, Edelman DC, Wang Y, Meltzer PS, Raffeld M, Wiestner A, Xi L, Wang HW, Stetler-Stevenson M, Yuan C, Kreitman RJ. Expression of the muscle-associated gene MYF6 in hairy cell leukemia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227586. [PMID: 32040482 PMCID: PMC7010284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a purine analog-responsive B-cell malignancy containing the BRAF V600E mutation, expressing CD22, CD11c, CD103, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) CD25, CD123, and annexin 1A. BRAF V600E and the latter 4 markers are usually absent in the more aggressive and chemoresistant variant HCLv. To evaluate differences between HCL and HCLv, expression microarrays comparing HCL with HCLv were performed for 24694 genes using 47323 probes. Microarray data from 35 HCL and 27 HCLv purified samples showed the greatest HCL-HCLv difference in the muscle-associated gene MYF6, expressed by its 2 probes 18.5- and 10.8-fold higher in HCL than HCLv (p<0.0001). By real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), 100% of 152 classic HCL samples were MYF6-positive, vs 5 (6%) of 90 blood donors. MYF6-expression was also detected in 18 (35%) of 51 with HCLv, 11 (92%) of 12 with HCL expressing unmutated IGHV4-34, 35 (73%) of 48 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and 1 (8%) of 12 with mantle cell lymphoma. Hypomethylation status of MYF6 supported expression in HCL more than HCLv. Posttreatment blood samples becoming negative by flow cytometry remained MYF6+ by RQ-PCR in 42 (48%) of 87 HCL patients, and MYF6 RQ-PCR could detect 1 HCL in 105 normal cells. MYF6, universally expressed in HCL and in most CLL samples, may be a useful biomarker for these leukemias. Further studies are underway to determine the role of MYF6 in HCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Arons
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Hong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Mark Sokolsky
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Daniel Gorelik
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Katherine Potocka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Sarah Davies
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Erin Fykes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Katherine Still
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Edelman
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul S. Meltzer
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Laboratory of Lymphoid Malignancies, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Liqiang Xi
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Hao-Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Constance Yuan
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Kreitman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD , United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Nikooie R, Jafari‐Sardoie S, Sheibani V, Nejadvaziri Chatroudi A. Resistance training‐induced muscle hypertrophy is mediated by TGF‐β1‐Smad signaling pathway in male Wistar rats. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5649-5665. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Nikooie
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Sohil Jafari‐Sardoie
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Amir Nejadvaziri Chatroudi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
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25
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Contreras O, Soliman H, Theret M, Rossi FMV, Brandan E. TGF-β-driven downregulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin transcription factor TCF7L2/TCF4 in PDGFRα+ fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.242297. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors essential for organogenesis, tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and scar formation. Tissue injury upregulates TGF-β signaling, which modulates myofibroblast fate, extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibrosis. However, the molecular determinants of MSCs differentiation and survival remain poorly understood. The canonical Wnt Tcf/Lef transcription factors regulate development and stemness, but the mechanisms by which injury-induced cues modulate their expression remain underexplored. Here, we studied the cell-specific gene expression of Tcf/Lef and, more specifically, we investigated whether damage-induced TGF-β impairs the expression and function of TCF7L2, using several models of MSCs, including skeletal muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitors. We show that Tcf/Lefs are differentially expressed and that TGF-β reduces the expression of TCF7L2 in MSCs but not in myoblasts. We also found that the ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates TCF7L2 proteostasis and participates in TGF-β-mediated TCF7L2 protein downregulation. Finally, we show that TGF-β requires HDACs activity to repress the expression of TCF7L2. Thus, our work found a novel interplay between TGF-β and Wnt canonical signaling cascades in PDGFRα+ fibroblasts and suggests that this mechanism could be targeted in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Contreras
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Present address: Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Hesham Soliman
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Marine Theret
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fabio M. V. Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Ruparelia AA, Ratnayake D, Currie PD. Stem cells in skeletal muscle growth and regeneration in amniotes and teleosts: Emerging themes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 9:e365. [PMID: 31743958 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a contractile, postmitotic tissue that retains the capacity to grow and regenerate throughout life in amniotes and teleost. Both muscle growth and regeneration are regulated by obligate tissue resident muscle stem cells. Given that considerable knowledge exists on the myogenic process, recent studies have focused on examining the molecular markers of muscle stem cells, and on the intrinsic and extrinsic signals regulating their function. From this, two themes emerge: firstly, muscle stem cells display remarkable heterogeneity not only with regards to their gene expression profile, but also with respect to their behavior and function; and secondly, the stem cell niche is a critical regulator of muscle stem cell function during growth and regeneration. Here, we will address the current understanding of these emerging themes with emphasis on the distinct processes used by amniotes and teleost, and discuss the challenges and opportunities in the muscle growth and regeneration fields. This article is characterized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnika A Ruparelia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dhanushika Ratnayake
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Tan X, Xu P, Zhang Y, Zhang PJ. Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) myogenic regulatory factor 4 and its muscle-specific promoter activity. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 236:110310. [PMID: 31255700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that plays crucial roles in myoblast differentiation and maturation. Here, we report the isolation of the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) mrf4 gene and the spatiotemporal analysis of its expression patterns. Sequence analysis indicated that flounder mrf4 shared a similar structure with other vertebrate MRF4, including the conserved bHLH domain. Flounder mrf4 contains 3 exons and 2 introns. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that it was highly homologous with Salmo salar, Danio rerio, Takifugu rubripes, and Tetraodon nigroviridis mrf4. Flounder mrf4 was first expressed in the medial region of somites that give rise to slow muscles, and later spread to the lateral region of somites that give rise to fast muscles. Mrf4 transcript levels decreased significantly in mature somites in the trunk region, and expression could only be detected in the caudal somites, consistent with the timing of somite maturation. Transient expression analysis showed that the 506 bp flounder mrf4 promoter was sufficient to direct muscle-specific GFP expression in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xungang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, PR China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, PR China
| | - Pei-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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28
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Huang Y, Wu S, Zhang J, Wen H, Zhang M, He F. Methylation status and expression patterns of myomaker gene play important roles in postnatal development in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 280:104-114. [PMID: 31002826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myomaker is a membrane protein that plays a crucial role in the fusion of myoblasts during muscle growth. DNA methylation, a significant factor, regulates gene expression. The aim of this study was to examine the methylation and mRNA expression patterns of the myomaker gene during 8 different postnatal developmental stages in the Japanese flounder (L: 7 days post hatch (dph); M1: 21 dph; M2: 28 dph; M3: 35 dph; J1: 90 dph; J2: 180 dph; A1: 24 months; A2: 36 months). Muscle tissue samples were taken from Japanese flounder at different postnatal development stages to measure the extent of DNA methylation and gene expression. Methylation level in the promoter and exon 1 of myomaker was measured using bisulfite sequencing, and the relative expression of myomaker during each developmental stage was measured by quantitative PCR. The relative expression levels of myomaker were up-regulated from stages L to M2, M3 to J2, and methylation of myomaker was negatively correlated with mRNA expression. Furthermore, the CpG site located at -26 bp in the promoter was the lowest methylated region in all developmental stages. These results offer a basis for understanding the mechanism by which myomaker regulates muscle formation during postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meizhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
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29
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Jeong HJ, Lee SJ, Lee HJ, Kim HB, Anh Vuong T, Cho H, Bae GU, Kang JS. Prmt7 promotes myoblast differentiation via methylation of p38MAPK on arginine residue 70. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:573-586. [PMID: 31243342 PMCID: PMC7206020 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MyoD functions as a master regulator to induce muscle-specific gene expression and myogenic differentiation. Here, we demonstrate a positive role of Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (Prmt7) in MyoD-mediated myoblast differentiation through p38MAPK activation. Prmt7 depletion in primary or C2C12 myoblasts impairs cell cycle withdrawal and myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, Prmt7 depletion decreases the MyoD-reporter activities and the MyoD-mediated myogenic conversion of fibroblasts. Together with MyoD, Prmt7 is recruited to the Myogenin promoter region and Prmt7 depletion attenuates the recruitment of MyoD and its coactivators. The mechanistic study reveals that Prmt7 methylates p38MAPKα at the arginine residue 70, thereby promoting its activation which in turn enhances MyoD activities. The arginine residue 70 to alanine mutation in p38MAPKα impedes MyoD/E47 heterodimerization and the recruitment of Prmt7, MyoD and Baf60c to the Myogenin promoter resulting in blunted Myogenin expression. In conclusion, Prmt7 promotes MyoD-mediated myoblast differentiation through methylation of p38MAPKα at arginine residue 70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ju Jeong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Drug Information Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Been Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Anh Vuong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Drug Information Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Fogarty MJ, Sieck GC. Evolution and Functional Differentiation of the Diaphragm Muscle of Mammals. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:715-766. [PMID: 30873594 PMCID: PMC7082849 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Symmorphosis is a concept of economy of biological design, whereby structural properties are matched to functional demands. According to symmorphosis, biological structures are never over designed to exceed functional demands. Based on this concept, the evolution of the diaphragm muscle (DIAm) in mammals is a tale of two structures, a membrane that separates and partitions the primitive coelomic cavity into separate abdominal and thoracic cavities and a muscle that serves as a pump to generate intra-abdominal (Pab ) and intrathoracic (Pth ) pressures. The DIAm partition evolved in reptiles from folds of the pleural and peritoneal membranes that was driven by the biological advantage of separating organs in the larger coelomic cavity into separate thoracic and abdominal cavities, especially with the evolution of aspiration breathing. The DIAm pump evolved from the advantage afforded by more effective generation of both a negative Pth for ventilation of the lungs and a positive Pab for venous return of blood to the heart and expulsive behaviors such as airway clearance, defecation, micturition, and child birth. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:715-766, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fogarty
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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31
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Contreras O, Cruz-Soca M, Theret M, Soliman H, Tung LW, Groppa E, Rossi FM, Brandan E. The cross-talk between TGF-β and PDGFRα signaling pathways regulates stromal fibro/adipogenic progenitors’ fate. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.232157. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are tissue-resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) required for proper skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and maintenance. However, FAPs are also responsible for fibro-fatty scar deposition following chronic damage. We aimed to study a functional cross-talk between TGF-β and PDGFRα signaling pathways in FAPs’ fate. Here, we show that the number of FAPs correlates with TGF-β levels and with extracellular matrix deposition during regeneration and repair. Interestingly, the expression of PDGFRα changed dynamically in the stromal/fibroblast lineage after injury. Furthermore, PDGFRα-dependent immediate early gene expression changed during regeneration and repair. We also found that TGF-β signaling reduces PDGFRα expression in FAPs, mouse dermal fibroblasts, and in two related mesenchymal/fibroblast cell lines. Moreover, TGF-β promotes myofibroblast differentiation of FAPs but inhibits their adipogenicity. Accordingly, TGF-β impairs the expression of PDGFRα-dependent immediate early genes in a TGF-BR1-dependent manner. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of PDGFRα activity with AG1296 impaired TGF-β-induced extracellular matrix remodeling, Smad2 signaling, myofibroblast differentiation, and migration of MSCs. Thus, our work establishes a functional cross-talk between TGF-β and PDGFRα signaling pathways that is involved in regulating the biology of FAPs/MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Contreras
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meilyn Cruz-Soca
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marine Theret
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hesham Soliman
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Lin Wei Tung
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elena Groppa
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fabio M. Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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32
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Christensen TH, Kedes L. The myogenic regulatory circuit that controls cardiac/slow twitch troponin C gene transcription in skeletal muscle involves E-box, MEF-2, and MEF-3 motifs. Gene Expr 2018; 8:247-61. [PMID: 10794526 PMCID: PMC6157365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized the specific DNA regulatory elements responsible for the function of the human cardiac troponin C gene (cTnC) muscle-specific enhancer in myogenic cells. We used functional transient transfection assays with deletional and site-specific mutagenesis to evaluate the role of the conserved sequence elements. Gel electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSA) demonstrated the ability of the functional sites to interact with nuclear proteins. We demonstrate that three distinct transcription activator binding sites commonly found in muscle-specific enhancers (a MEF-2 site, a MEF-3 site, and at least four redundant E-box sites) all contribute to full enhancer activity but a CArG box does not. Mutation of either the MEF-2 or MEF-3 sites or deletion of the E-boxes reduces expression by 70% or more. Furthermore, the MEF-2 site and the E-boxes specifically bind, respectively, to MEF-2 and myogenic determination factors derived from nuclear extracts. EMSA assays using a MEF-3 containing oligonucleotide revealed indistinguishable separation patterns with extracts from myogenic cells and nonmyogenic cells. These data suggest that expression of the cTnC gene in slow-twitch skeletal muscle is sustained through complex interactions at the 3'Ile enhancer between muscle-specific and nontissue-specific transcription factors: either a myogenic bHLH complex or MEF-2 can activate transcription but only in the presence of a third transcriptional activator that appears not to be muscle specific. We conclude from these observations that the cTnC 3'Ile element is a composite enhancer that functions through the combined interactions of at least five regulatory elements and their cognate binding factors: three or four E-boxes, a MEF-2 site, and a MEF-3 site. The data support the notion that all of these sites contribute to enhancer function in cell systems in an additive way but that none are absolutely required for enhancer activity. The data imply that the levels of transcription of cTnC in myogenic tissues in which the activities of one of the transcriptional factors is lacking would be partially but not wholly suppressed. Our data support the critical role of E-box sites in conjunction with the adjacent elements. Hence, we assign CTnC gene regulation to the "ordinary" rather than to the "novel" category of transcriptional regulation during skeletal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorkil H. Christensen
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Larry Kedes
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Address correspondence to Larry Kedes, Institute for Genetic Medicine, USC School of Medicine, 2050 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033. Tel: (323) 442-1144; Fax: (323) 442-2764; E-mail:
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33
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Magli A, Perlingeiro RRC. Myogenic progenitor specification from pluripotent stem cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 72:87-98. [PMID: 29107681 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells represent important tools for both basic and translational science as they enable to study mechanisms of development, model diseases in vitro and provide a potential source of tissue-specific progenitors for cell therapy. Concomitantly with the increasing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind activation of the skeletal myogenic program during embryonic development, novel findings in the stem cell field provided the opportunity to begin recapitulating in vitro the events occurring during specification of the myogenic lineage. In this review, we will provide a perspective of the molecular mechanisms responsible for skeletal myogenic commitment in the embryo and how this knowledge was instrumental for specifying this lineage from pluripotent stem cells. In addition, we will discuss the current limitations for properly recapitulating skeletal myogenesis in the petri dish, and we will provide insights about future applications of pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Magli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rita R C Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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34
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Zhou D, Xu H, Chen W, Wang Y, Zhang M, Yang T. Study on the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of the MyoD1 gene in Guanling bovine. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12409-12419. [PMID: 35548782 PMCID: PMC9087982 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11795g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The MyoD1 gene plays a key role in regulating the myoblast differentiation process in the early stage of skeletal muscle development. To understand the functional elements of the promoter region and transcriptional regulation of the bovine MyoD1 gene, we cloned eight fragments from the sequence region of the MyoD1 gene promoter and inserted them into eukaryotic expression vectors for cotransfection with the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) line. A variety of transcription factor binding sites in the longest 5'-flanking fragment from Guanling cattle MyoD1-P1 were predicted by using the online software TFSEARCH and ALGGEN PROMO as well as validated by the promoter-binding TF profiling assay II and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay, including MyoD, VDR, MEF1, MEF2, SF1, and Myf6. Myf6 strongly activated the MyoD1 promoter, while MyoD1 was also capable of efficiently activating the expression of its own promoter. The transcription factors MEF2A, SF1, and VDR were further confirmed to be capable of binding to MyoD1 by Y1H system experiments. The effects of the Guanling cattle MyoD1 gene on the mRNA expression of the MEF2A, SF1, and VDR genes were determined by using a lentivirus-mediated overexpression technique, confirming that overexpression of the MyoD1 gene upregulated the mRNA expression of MEF2A as well as downregulated the expression of SF1 and VDR in the process of muscle myogenesis. Our study revealed the effects of transcription factors including MEF2A, SF1 and VDR on regulatory aspects of MyoD1, providing abundant information for transcriptional regulation of MyoD1 in muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Houqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD), Animal Department, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
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35
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Ramazzotti G, Billi AM, Manzoli L, Mazzetti C, Ruggeri A, Erneux C, Kim S, Suh PG, Cocco L, Faenza I. IPMK and β-catenin mediate PLC-β1-dependent signaling in myogenic differentiation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84118-84127. [PMID: 27563828 PMCID: PMC5356648 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we have reported that phospholipase C (PLC)-β1 plays a crucial role in myogenic differentiation and we determined the importance of its catalytic activity for the initiation of this process. Here we define the effectors that take part to its signaling pathway. We show that the Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase (IPMK) is able to promote myogenic differentiation since its overexpression determines the up-regulation of several myogenic markers. Moreover, we demonstrate that IPMK activates the same cyclin D3 promoter region targeted by PLC-β1 and that IPMK-induced promoter activation relies upon c-jun binding to the promoter, as we have shown previously for PLC-β1. Furthermore, our data shows that IPMK overexpression causes an increase in β-catenin translocation and accumulation to the nuclei of differentiating myoblasts resulting in higher MyoD activation. Finally, we describe that PLC-β1 overexpression determines too an increase in β-catenin translocation and that PLC-β1, IPMK and β-catenin are mediators of the same signaling pathway since their overexpression results in cyclin D3 and myosin heavy chain (MYH) induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzetti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggeri
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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36
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Chen X, Wan J, Yu B, Diao Y, Zhang W. PIP5K1α promotes myogenic differentiation via AKT activation and calcium release. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:33. [PMID: 29426367 PMCID: PMC5806439 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle satellite cell-derived myoblasts are mainly responsible for postnatal muscle growth and injury-induced regeneration. Many intracellular signaling pathways are essential for myogenic differentiation, while a number of kinases are involved in this modulation process. Type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5KI) was identified as one of the key kinases involved in myogenic differentiation, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. METHODS PIP5K1α was quantified by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and western blot assay. Expression levels of myogenin and myosin heavy chain, which showed significant downregulation in PIP5K1α siRNA-mediated knockdown cells in western blot analysis, were confirmed by immunostaining. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in PIP5K1α siRNA-mediated knockdown cells was also measured by the PI(4,5)P2 Mass ELISA Kit. C2C12 cells were overexpressed with different forms of AKT, followed by western blot analysis on myogenin and myosin heavy chain, which reveals their function in myogenic differentiation. FLIPR assays are used to test the release of calcium in PIP5K1α siRNA-mediated knockdown cells after histamine or bradykinin treatment. Statistical significances between groups were determined by two-tailed Student's t test. RESULTS Since PIP5K1α was the major form in skeletal muscle, knockdown of PIP5K1α consistently inhibited myogenic differentiation while overexpression of PIP5K1α promoted differentiation and rescued the inhibitory effect of the siRNA. PIP5K1α was found to be required for AKT activation and calcium release, both of which were important for skeletal muscle differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that PIP5K1α is an important regulator in myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Lianhua Road 1120, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Lianhua Road 1120, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yarui Diao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Lianhua Road 1120, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong Province, China. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Lianhua Road 1120, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong Province, China.
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37
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Asfour HA, Allouh MZ, Said RS. Myogenic regulatory factors: The orchestrators of myogenesis after 30 years of discovery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:118-128. [PMID: 29307280 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217749494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal myogenesis share many cellular and molecular aspects. Myogenic regulatory factors are basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factors that indispensably regulate both processes. These factors (Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin, and MRF4) function as an orchestrating cascade, with some overlapped actions. Prenatally, myogenic regulatory factors are restrictedly expressed in somite-derived myogenic progenitor cells and their derived myoblasts. Postnatally, myogenic regulatory factors are important in regulating the myogenesis process via satellite cells. Many positive and negative regulatory mechanisms exist either between myogenic regulatory factors themselves or between myogenic regulatory factors and other proteins. Upstream factors and signals are also involved in the control of myogenic regulatory factors expression within different prenatal and postnatal myogenic cells. Here, the authors have conducted a thorough and an up-to-date review of the myogenic regulatory factors since their discovery 30 years ago. This review discusses the myogenic regulatory factors structure, mechanism of action, and roles and regulations during prenatal and postnatal myogenesis. Impact statement Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are key players in the process of myogenesis. Despite a considerable amount of literature regarding these factors, their exact mechanisms of actions are still incompletely understood with several overlapped functions. Herein, we revised what has hitherto been reported in the literature regarding MRF structures, molecular pathways that regulate their activities, and their roles during pre- and post-natal myogenesis. The work submitted in this review article is considered of great importance for researchers in the field of skeletal muscle formation and regeneration, as it provides a comprehensive summary of all the biological aspects of MRFs and advances a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating myogenesis. Indeed, attaining a better understanding of MRFs could be utilized in developing novel therapeutic protocols for multiple myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan A Asfour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 37251 Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Z Allouh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 37251 Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Raed S Said
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 37251 Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid 22110, Jordan
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38
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Abstract
Our understanding of satellite cells, now known to be the obligate stem cells of skeletal muscle, has increased dramatically in recent years due to the introduction of new molecular, genetic, and technical resources. In addition to their role in acute repair of damaged muscle, satellite cells are of interest in the fields of aging, exercise, neuromuscular disease, and stem cell therapy, and all of these applications have driven a dramatic increase in our understanding of the activity and potential of satellite cells. However, many fundamental questions of satellite cell biology remain to be answered, including their emergence as a specific lineage, the degree and significance of heterogeneity within the satellite cell population, the roles of their interactions with other resident and infiltrating cell types during homeostasis and regeneration, and the relative roles of intrinsic vs extrinsic factors that may contribute to satellite cell dysfunction in the context of aging or disease. This review will address the current state of these open questions in satellite cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ddw Cornelison
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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39
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Zammit PS. Function of the myogenic regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin and MRF4 in skeletal muscle, satellite cells and regenerative myogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:19-32. [PMID: 29127046 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of the myogenic regulatory factor family of transcription factors MYF5, MYOD, Myogenin and MRF4 was a seminal step in understanding specification of the skeletal muscle lineage and control of myogenic differentiation during development. These factors are also involved in specification of the muscle satellite cell lineage, which becomes the resident stem cell compartment inadult skeletal muscle. While MYF5, MYOD, Myogenin and MRF4 have subtle roles in mature muscle, they again play a crucial role in directing satellite cell function to regenerate skeletal muscle: linking the genetic control of developmental and regenerative myogenesis. Here, I review the role of the myogenic regulatory factors in developing and mature skeletal muscle, satellite cell specification and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Zammit
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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40
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Viral infection upregulates myostatin promoter activity in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186506. [PMID: 29036192 PMCID: PMC5643063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin is a negative regulator of myogenesis and has been suggested to be an important factor in the development of muscle wasting during viral infection. The objective of this study was to characterize the main regulatory element of the grouper myostatin promoter and to study changes in promoter activity due to viral stimulation. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the E-box E6 is a positive cis-and trans-regulation motif, and an essential binding site for MyoD. In contrast, the E-box E5 is a dominant negative cis-regulatory. The characteristics of grouper myostatin promoter are similar in regulation of muscle growth to that of other species, but mainly through specific regulatory elements. According to these results, we conducted a study to investigate the effect of viral infection on myostatin promoter activity and its regulation. The nervous necrosis virus (NNV) treatment significantly induced myostatin promoter activity. The present study is the first report describing that specific myostatin motifs regulate promoter activity and response to viral infection.
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41
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Arvind V, Huang AH. Mechanobiology of limb musculoskeletal development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1409:18-32. [PMID: 28833194 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
While there has been considerable progress in identifying molecular regulators of musculoskeletal development, the role of physical forces in regulating induction, differentiation, and patterning events is less well understood. Here, we highlight recent findings in this area, focusing primarily on model systems that test the mechanical regulation of skeletal and tendon development in the limb. We also discuss a few of the key signaling pathways and mechanisms that have been implicated in mechanotransduction and highlight current gaps in knowledge and opportunities for further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Arvind
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alice H Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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42
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Bakke J, Wright WC, Zamora AE, Ong SS, Wang YM, Hoyer JD, Brewer CT, Thomas PG, Chen T. Transcription factor ZNF148 is a negative regulator of human muscle differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8138. [PMID: 28811660 PMCID: PMC5557752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle differentiation is a complex process in which muscle progenitor cells undergo determination and eventually cellular fusion. This process is heavily regulated by such master transcription factors as MYOD and members of the MEF2 family. Here, we show that the transcription factor ZNF148 plays a direct role in human muscle cell differentiation. Downregulation of ZNF148 drives the formation of a muscle phenotype with rapid expression of myosin heavy chain, even in proliferative conditions. This phenotype was most likely mediated by the robust and swift upregulation of MYOD and MEF2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Bakke
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - William C Wright
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anthony E Zamora
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Su Sien Ong
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica D Hoyer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher T Brewer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. .,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Welch RD, Guo C, Sengupta M, Carpenter KJ, Stephens NA, Arnett SA, Meyers MJ, Sparks LM, Smith SR, Zhang J, Burris TP, Flaveny CA. Rev-Erb co-regulates muscle regeneration via tethered interaction with the NF-Y cistrome. Mol Metab 2017; 6:703-714. [PMID: 28702326 PMCID: PMC5485243 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength are a central feature of traumatic injury and degenerative myopathies. Unfortunately, pharmacological interventions typically fail to stem the long-term decline in quality of life. Reduced Rev-Erb-mediated gene suppression in cultured C2C12 myoblasts has been shown to stimulate myoblast differentiation. Yet the mechanisms that allow Rev-Erb to pleiotropically inhibit muscle differentiation are not well understood. In this study, we sought to elucidate the role of Rev-Erb in the regulation of muscle differentiation and regeneration in vivo. METHODS Using Rev-Erbα/β shRNAs, pharmacological ligands, and Rev-Erbα null and heterozygous mice, we probed the mechanism of Rev-Erbα/β regulation of muscle differentiation and muscle regeneration. RESULTS ChIP seq analysis of Rev-Erb in differentiating myoblasts showed that Rev-Erbα did not transcriptionally regulate muscle differentiation through cognate Rev-Erb/ROR-response elements but through possible interaction with the cell fate regulator NF-Y at CCAAT-motifs. Muscle differentiation is stimulated by Rev-Erb release from CCAAT-motifs at promoter and enhancer elements of a number of myogenesis proteins. Partial loss of Rev-Erb expression in mice heterozygous for Rev-Erbα accelerated muscle repair in vivo whereas Rev-Erb knockout mice showed deficiencies in regenerative repair compared to wild type mice. These phenotypic differences between heterozygous and knockout mice were not apparently dependent on MRF induction in response to injury. Similarly, pharmacological disruption of Rev-Erb suppressive activity in injured muscle accelerated regenerative repair in response to acute injury. CONCLUSIONS Disrupting Rev-Erb activity in injured muscle accelerates regenerative muscle repair/differentiation through transcriptional de-repression of myogenic programs. Rev-Erb, therefore, may be a potent therapeutic target for a myriad of muscular disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- CCAAT-Binding Factor/genetics
- CCAAT-Binding Factor/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/injuries
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy/etiology
- Muscular Atrophy/metabolism
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/cytology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/physiology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Welch
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Monideepa Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Katherine J. Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Natalie A. Stephens
- Translational Research Institutes of Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital and Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Stacy A. Arnett
- Center for World Health and Medicine at Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Marvin J. Meyers
- Center for World Health and Medicine at Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Lauren M. Sparks
- Translational Research Institutes of Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital and Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institutes of Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital and Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Thomas P. Burris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Colin A. Flaveny
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Kokabu S, Nakatomi C, Matsubara T, Ono Y, Addison WN, Lowery JW, Urata M, Hudnall AM, Hitomi S, Nakatomi M, Sato T, Osawa K, Yoda T, Rosen V, Jimi E. The transcriptional co-repressor TLE3 regulates myogenic differentiation by repressing the activity of the MyoD transcription factor. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12885-12894. [PMID: 28607151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.774570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells are skeletal muscle stem cells that provide myonuclei for postnatal muscle growth, maintenance, and repair/regeneration in adults. Normally, satellite cells are mitotically quiescent, but they are activated in response to muscle injury, in which case they proliferate extensively and exhibit up-regulated expression of the transcription factor MyoD, a master regulator of myogenesis. MyoD forms a heterodimer with E proteins through their basic helix-loop-helix domain, binds to E boxes in the genome and thereby activates transcription at muscle-specific promoters. The central role of MyoD in muscle differentiation has increased interest in finding potential MyoD regulators. Here we identified transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE3), one of the Groucho/TLE family members, as a regulator of MyoD function during myogenesis. TLE3 was expressed in activated and proliferative satellite cells in which increased TLE3 levels suppressed myogenic differentiation, and, conversely, reduced TLE3 levels promoted myogenesis with a concomitant increase in proliferation. We found that, via its glutamine- and serine/proline-rich domains, TLE3 interferes with MyoD function by disrupting the association between the basic helix-loop-helix domain of MyoD and E proteins. Our findings indicate that TLE3 participates in skeletal muscle homeostasis by dampening satellite cell differentiation via repression of MyoD transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Kokabu
- Divisions of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
| | - Chihiro Nakatomi
- Divisions of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Divisions of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Musculoskeletal Molecular Biology Research Group, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
| | - William N Addison
- Research Unit, Department of Human Genetics, Shriners Hospitals for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Lowery
- Division of Biomedical Science, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46222
| | - Mariko Urata
- Divisions of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Aaron M Hudnall
- Division of Biomedical Science, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46222
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kenji Osawa
- Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Science of Physical Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Divisions of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; Oral Health Brain Health Total Health, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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45
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Nara M, Kitamura K, Yamamoto M, Nagakura R, Mitomo K, Matsunaga S, Abe S. Developmental mechanism of muscle-tendon-bone complex in the fetal soft palate. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:71-78. [PMID: 28618344 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate how the palatine aponeurosis, medial pterygoid process (MPP) of the sphenoid bone, and tensor veli palatini (TVP) muscle form the pulley: muscle-tendon-bone complex. DESIGN Mice at embryonic day (ED) 14-17 were used as sample in this study. Azan staining was performed to observe the morphology, and immunohistochemical staining of desmin was performed to closely observe the development of the myotendinous junction. To confirm the bone formation process, immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen (col II), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were performed. Furthermore, to objectively evaluate bone formation, the major axis and width of the MPP were measured, and osteoclasts that appeared in the MPP were counted. RESULTS At ED 14 and 14.5, ALP showed a reaction throughout the MPP. The col II-positive area expanded until ED 16.5, but it was markedly reduced at ED 17. The TVP initially contacted with the palatine aponeurosis at ED 16.5. The major axis and width of the MPP and the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts were significantly increased as the TVP and palatine aponeurosis joined. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, in addition to the tissue units: muscle, tendon, and bone, the interaction in organogenesis promotes rapid growth of the pulley: muscle-tendon-bone complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyuki Nara
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kitamura
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahito Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nagakura
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mitomo
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsunaga
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Dixon K, Chen J, Li Q. Gene expression profiling discerns molecular pathways elicited by ligand signaling to enhance the specification of embryonic stem cells into skeletal muscle lineage. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:23. [PMID: 28469839 PMCID: PMC5414197 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of lineage specification and differentiation in embryonic stem (ES) cells can be achieved through the activation of endogenous signaling, an avenue for potential application in regenerative medicine. During vertebrate development, retinoic acid (RA) plays an important role in body axis elongation and mesoderm segmentation in that graded exposure to RA provides cells with positional identity and directs commitment to specific tissue lineages. Nevertheless, bexarotene, a clinically approved rexinoid, enhances the specification and differentiation of ES cells into skeletal myocytes more effectively than RA. Thus profiling the transcriptomes of ES cells differentiated with bexarotene or RA permits the identification of different genetic targets and signaling pathways that may contribute to the difference of bexarotene and RA in efficiency of myogenesis. Interestingly, bexarotene induces the early expression of a myogenic progenitor marker, Meox1, while the expression of many RA targets is also enhanced by bexarotene. Several signaling molecules involved in the progression of myogenic specification and commitment are differentially regulated by bexarotene and RA, suggesting that early targets of rexinoid allow the coordinated regulation of molecular events which leads to efficient myogenic differentiation in ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dixon
- 0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Room 2537, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Jihong Chen
- 0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Qiao Li
- 0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Room 2537, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada ,0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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47
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Liu J, Xu Z, Wu W, Wang Y, Shan T. CreRecombinase Strains Used for the Study of Adipose Tissues and Adipocyte Progenitors. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2698-2703. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Weiche Wu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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48
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Linkages between changes in the 3D organization of the genome and transcription during myotube differentiation in vitro. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:5. [PMID: 28381300 PMCID: PMC5382473 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spatial organization of eukaryotic genomes facilitates and reflects the underlying nuclear processes that are occurring in the cell. As such, the spatial organization of a genome represents a window on the genome biology that enables analysis of the nuclear regulatory processes that contribute to mammalian development. Methods In this study, Hi-C and RNA-seq were used to capture the genome organization and transcriptome in mouse muscle progenitor cells (C2C12 myoblasts) before and after differentiation to myotubes, in the presence or absence of the cytidine analogue AraC. Results We observed significant local and global developmental changes despite high levels of correlation between the myotubes and myoblast genomes. Notably, the genes that exhibited the greatest variation in transcript levels between the different developmental stages were predominately within the euchromatic compartment. There was significant re-structuring and changes in the expression of replication-dependent histone variants within the HIST1 locus. Finally, treating terminally differentiated myotubes with AraC resulted in additional changes to the transcriptome and 3D genome organization of sets of genes that were all involved in pyroptosis. Conclusions Collectively, our results provide evidence for muscle cell-specific responses to developmental and environmental stimuli mediated through a chromatin structure mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-017-0122-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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49
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Ignacio DL, Silvestre DHS, Anne-Palmer E, Bocco BMLC, Fonseca TL, Ribeiro MO, Gereben B, Bianco AC, Werneck-de-Castro JP. Early Developmental Disruption of Type 2 Deiodinase Pathway in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Does Not Impair Muscle Function. Thyroid 2017; 27:577-586. [PMID: 27967605 PMCID: PMC5385430 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myogenesis is positively regulated by thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine [T3]), which is amplified by the type 2 deiodinase (D2) activation of thyroxine to T3. Global inactivation of the Dio2 gene impairs skeletal muscle (SKM) differentiation and regeneration in response to muscle injury. Given that newborn and adult mice with late developmental SKM Dio2 disruption do not develop a significant phenotype, it was hypothesized that D2 plays an early role in this process. METHODS This was tested in mice with SKM disruption of Dio2 driven by two early developmental promoters: MYF5 and MYOD. RESULTS MYF5 myoblasts in culture differentiate normally into myotubes, despite loss of almost all D2 activity. Dio2 mRNA levels in developing SKM obtained from MYF5-D2KO embryos (E18.5) were about 54% of control littermates, but the expression of the T3-responsive genes Myh1 and 7 and Atp2a1 and 2 were not affected. In MYF5-D2KO and MYOD-D2KO neonatal hind-limb muscle, the expression of Myh1 and 7 and Atp2a2 remained unaffected, despite 60-70% loss in D2 activity and/or mRNA. Only in MYOD-D2KO neonatal muscle was there a 40% reduction in Atp2a1 mRNA. Postnatal growth of both mouse models and SKM function as assessed by exercise capacity and measurement of muscle strength were normal. Furthermore, an analysis of the adult soleus revealed no changes in the expression of T3-responsive genes, except for an about 18% increase in MYOD-D2KO SOL Myh7 mRNA. CONCLUSION Two mouse models of early developmental disruption of Dio2 in myocyte precursor exhibit no significant SKM phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele L Ignacio
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
- 2 Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego H S Silvestre
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
- 2 Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 3 Nutrition Institute Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elena Anne-Palmer
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Barbara M L C Bocco
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
- 4 Department of Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Fonseca
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- 5 Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Balázs Gereben
- 6 Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine , Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joao P Werneck-de-Castro
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
- 2 Biophysics Institute and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 3 Nutrition Institute Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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50
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Yi X, Tao Y, Lin X, Dai Y, Yang T, Yue X, Jiang X, Li X, Jiang DS, Andrade KC, Chang J. Histone methyltransferase Setd2 is critical for the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:697-707. [PMID: 28130125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation are tightly regulated. Epigenetic regulation is a major component of the regulatory mechanism governing these processes. Histone modification is part of the epigenetic code used for transcriptional regulation of chromatin through the establishment of an active or repressive state for genes involved in myogenesis in a temporal manner. Here, we uncovered the function of SET domain containing 2 (Setd2), an essential histone 3 lysine 36 trimethyltransferase, in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Setd2 was silenced in the skeletal muscle myoblast cell line, C2C12, using the CRISPR/CAS9 system. The mutant cells exhibited defect in myotube formation. The myotube formation marker, myosin heavy chain (MHC), was downregulated earlier in Setd2 silenced cells compared to wild-type myoblasts during differentiation. The deficiency in Setd2 also resulted in repression of Myogenin (MyoG) expression, a key myogenic regulator during differentiation. In addition to the myoblast differentiation defect, decreased proliferation rate with significantly reduced levels of histone 3 phosphorylation, indicative of cell proliferation defect, were observed in the Setd2 silenced cells; suggesting an impaired proliferation phenotype. Furthermore, compromised G1/S- and G2/M-phase transition and decreased expression levels of major regulators of cell cycle G1/S checkpoints, cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin E2 were detected in Setd2 silenced cells. Consistent with the cell cycle arrested phenotype, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 was upregulated in Setd2 silenced cells. Together, this study demonstrates an essential role of Setd2 in myoblast proliferation and differentiation, and uncovers Setd2-mediated molecular mechanism through regulating MyoG and p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ye Tao
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tingli Yang
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaojing Yue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kelsey C Andrade
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiang Chang
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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