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Gil-Almagro F, García-Hedrera FJ, Carmona-Monge FJ, Peñacoba-Puente C. A study on optimism as a psychological strength in nurses through a prospective study from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic to two years later. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100782. [PMID: 38706572 PMCID: PMC11070230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims and objectives This study analyzes, in nurses, the influence of openness to experience and hardiness (assessed at baseline and one year after the COVID-19 pandemic respectively) on the development of optimism (assessed two years after the COVID-19 pandemic). Concerns about self-contagion were included as a moderating variable, given their relevance as a risk factor. Background Nurses have been among the healthcare professionals most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Most previous studies have focused on the variables contributing to psychological symptoms, whilst the attention given to the variables adding to the well-being of these professionals has been much scarcer. Design A prospective study was carried out. Methods This study was carried out using three data collection periods: Period 1 (From May to June 2020), Period 2 (From January 2021 to April 2021), and Period 3 (From April 2022 to July 2022), with the participation of 151 Spanish nurses, using online self-reporting questionnaires. The study followed the STROBE statement. Results The results showed that the proposed model was statistically significant. There was a positive effect of openness to experience (year 2020) on hardiness assessed one year later (year 2021). Similarly, hardiness had a positive effect on optimism assessed another year on (year 2022). Conclusions Concerns about self-contagion behaved as a moderator in the relationship between openness to experience and hardiness (the relationship between openness and hardiness was statistically significant when contagion concern was higher). Relevance to clinical practice: In-depth understanding of the psychological processes that trigger psychological strengths (i.e. optimism) as a result of adverse situations (i.e. COVID-19 pandemic) is essential in promoting the mental health of healthcare professionals. Interventions targeting resilient personality traits and cognitive flexibility are key to this goal. No Patient or Public Contribution: The participants contributed exclusively to the collection of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gil-Almagro
- Unidad de Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, C. Budapest, 1, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando J. García-Hedrera
- Unidad de Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, C. Budapest, 1, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Javier Carmona-Monge
- Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Rúa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cecilia Peñacoba-Puente
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Av. de Atenas, s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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Taverna E, Kline N, Kumar SA, Iverson KM. Experiences of intimate partner violence and valued living among women veterans: The role of self-efficacy. J Trauma Stress 2024. [PMID: 38861277 DOI: 10.1002/jts.23059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Predominantly cross-sectional research suggests that self-efficacy may play an important role in women's psychological health after experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). However, few studies have examined these associations over time or with respect to broader aspects of psychological well-being. Valued living, which reflects behavioral engagement within personally important life domains, represents a key aspect of well-being that may be negatively impacted by experiences of IPV. Participants were 190 women veterans who completed three web-based surveys. We examined whether IPV experiences at Time 1 were associated with valued living at Time 3 (i.e., 4 years after Time 1) through self-efficacy at Time 2 (i.e., 3 years after Time 1). We separately examined overall, psychological, physical, and sexual IPV and investigated lifetime and recent (i.e., past 6 months) IPV experiences for each subtype. Separate path analysis models indicated that lifetime overall, β = -.10, 95% CI [-.19, -.02]; psychological, β = -.08, 95% CI [-.17, -.001]; physical, β = -.10, 95% CI [-.18, -.01]; and sexual, β = -.11, 95% CI [-.22, -.01], IPV experiences were indirectly associated with less valued living through less self-efficacy, whereas the indirect effect only emerged for recent physical IPV, β = -.26, 95% CI [-.50, -.02], but not for recent overall, psychological, or sexual IPV. These findings suggest that experiencing IPV is associated with less self-efficacy and valued living, which highlights the importance of providing early psychosocial interventions to enhance well-being among individuals managing the effects of experiencing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Taverna
- Women's Health Sciences Division of the National Center for PTSD, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nora Kline
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaina A Kumar
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Behavioral Science Division of the National Center for PTSD, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine M Iverson
- Women's Health Sciences Division of the National Center for PTSD, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Predatu P, David D, Kirsch I, Florean S, Predatu R. Reciprocal relationships between positive expectancies and positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-lagged panel study. Psychol Health 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38616530 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2341874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research highlighted the importance of investigating distinct protective factors that predict the experience of positive emotions during stressful situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this longitudinal study, we specifically focused on positive expectancies towards the future (optimism, response expectancy, and response hope) in relation to the experience of positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our primary objectives were to identify the best predictors for experiencing short-term and long-term positive emotions and investigate their interrelationships. METHODS Data from 271 participants (average age = 29.2 years, 84.7% female) were analyzed using four cross-lagged models. RESULTS Results showed that response expectancy was the best predictor for experiencing positive emotions in the short term, while optimism was the best predictor for experiencing positive emotions in the long term. Additionally, through further exploratory analysis, multiple bidirectional relationships were identified between positive expectancies and positive emotions. DISCUSSION Our results highlight the significant role played by positive expectancies in predicting the experience of positive emotions. Specifically, dispositional optimism emerged as a stronger predictor of longer-term positive emotions, whereas response expectancy proved to be a better predictor of shorter-term positive emotions. Thus, interventions targeting positive expectancies have the potential to enhance emotional functioning in individuals during challenging situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronela Predatu
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Evidence Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel David
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irving Kirsch
- Program in Placebo Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stelian Florean
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Răzvan Predatu
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lee SH, Noh JW, Kim KB, Chae JH. The impact of coping strategies and positive resources on post-traumatic stress symptoms among bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1367976. [PMID: 38628257 PMCID: PMC11018955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1367976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the long-term prevalence of, and factors associated with, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster, in which 250 students lost their lives during a school excursion. Methods Eight years after the disaster, 181 family members were surveyed, and the prevalence of clinical PTSD symptoms was estimated. The Positive Resources Test (POREST), the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, and the Brief COPE were evaluated using self-report measures. The multivariable binomial logistic regression was used to identify protective and risk factors for PTSD. Results PTSD symptoms were present in 49.7% of the family members 8 years after the incident. A one-point increase in the score on the optimism subscale of the POREST was associated with a 20.1% decreased likelihood of having clinical PTSD symptoms (OR = 0.799; p = 0.027; 95% CI = 0.655-0.975). Conversely, a one-point increase in the score on the avoidant subscale of Brief COPE was associated with a 13.2% increased likelihood of having clinical PTSD symptoms (OR = 1.132; p = 0.041; 95% CI = 1.005-1.274). Discussion Our results provide evidence of the need for long-term mental health monitoring of bereaved families of disaster victims, along with valuable insights for the development of mental health intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Noh
- Division of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Beom Kim
- Department of International Healthcare Administration, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yuan Y, Wu D, Chen Z, Chen D, Zhou Q, Jeong J, Tu Y. The relationship between self-consciousness and depression in college students: the chain mediating effect of meaning life and self-efficacy, with the moderating effect of social support. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:794. [PMID: 38481179 PMCID: PMC10938720 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the impact of self-consciousness on depression of college students, and mainly focus on confirming the mediator role of life meaningful and self-efficacy, as well as the moderator role of social support. METHODS In the present study, convenient sampling method was adopted, 583 college students were recruited from Harbin city and Wenzhou city in China. All students were assessed using self-assessment scales, including self-consciousness scale, life meaningful scale, self-efficacy scale, social support scale, and self-rating depression scale. Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis were conducted by SPSS 25.0 and M-plus. RESULTS Results showed that self-consciousness was negatively related to depression, life meaningful and self-efficacy partially mediated the relation between self-consciousness and depression. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that the relation between self-efficacy and depression were moderated bu social support. Compare with college students who had high social support, depression in those with low social support was more susceptible to the effect of self-efficacy. CONCLUSION These findings imply that college students with low levels of self-consciousness are more easy to be depressive, enhancing their sense of life meaning and self-efficacy can effectively alleviate depression, and college student with high social support can benefit more from self-efficacy. Therefore we should pay more attention to the mental health problems of low levels self-consciousness college students in university.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Procince Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Daili Wu
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | | | - Daile Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Jaesik Jeong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Yanling Tu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Zhejiang Procince Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Frewen P, Vincent A, Olff M. Childhood trauma histories in men and women assessed by the childhood attachment and relational trauma screen (CARTS) and the global psychotrauma screen (GPS): Results from the global collaboration on traumatic stress (GC-TS). CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106610. [PMID: 38184904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether there are biological sex differences in rates of childhood trauma exposure perpetrated by female versus male biological parents remains largely unknown. Moreover, the relative risk posed by various vulnerability factors for transdiagnostic mental health outcomes among females vs. males in adulthood has received insufficient attention. OBJECTIVE To compare biological sex differences in the long-term impact of childhood abuse and neglect on transdiagnostic mental health outcomes, especially comparing the outcomes of childhood maltreatment perpetrated by biological mothers vs. fathers. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 3129 participants (2784 female [89 %]) were recruited online, the majority (82 %) of whom endorsed having a childhood trauma history and a high number of mental health problems. METHODS Online surveys were administered. Specifically, the Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS) was completed as a relationally-contextualized screening measure of both positive and traumatic-neglectful experiences during childhood, comparing severity of perpetration by male vs. female biological parents. Further, the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) was completed to assess the relative risk of five vulnerability factors, including childhood abuse and neglect, for long-term transdiagnostic mental health outcomes. Statistical analyses elucidate group differences between males and females primarily by way of t-tests and associated effect sizes (Cohen's d). RESULTS Biological sex differences were shown for childhood maltreatment perpetration by male vs. female biological parents, wherein responses to CARTS showed that females reported that their biological mothers exhibited less positivity (d = 0.21), less attachment security (d = 0.22), more negative feelings toward them (d = 0.28), were more emotionally abusive (d = 0.17), and held more negative relational beliefs about them (d = 0.24). Comparably, males reported that their biological fathers were more physically abusive (d = 0.15) and that they held more negative relational beliefs toward their fathers (d = 0.25). Risk factors including having a history of childhood trauma and neglect were associated with transdiagnostic mental health problems among both females (d = 0.57) and males (d = 0.46), with other risk factors evidencing similar results. CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma and neglect is a risk factor for transdiagnostic mental health outcomes among both females and males, although the two biological sexes may exhibit different levels of risk of being maltreated by female and male biological parents. Specifically, females reported having more emotionally abusive biological mothers, while males reported having more physically abusive biological fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Frewen
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Psychology, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Andrew Vincent
- Department of Psychology, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Miranda Olff
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, ARQ National Psychotrauma Center, The Netherlands, 1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Amonoo HL, Daskalakis E, Deary EC, Guo M, Boardman A, Keane E, Lam JA, Newcomb RA, Gudenkauf LM, Brown LA, Onyeaka HK, Lee SJ, Huffman JC, El-Jawahri A. Gratitude, optimism, and satisfaction with life and patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Psychooncology 2024; 33:e6307. [PMID: 38358117 PMCID: PMC10927460 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Associations between positive psychological well-being (PPWB) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs, e.g., quality of life [QOL]) have yet to be studied extensively in patients with hematologic malignancies who are allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) survivors, despite substantial evidence that PPWB impacts PROs of other medical populations. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data examining the association of PPWB and PROs at day 100 post-transplant among 158 allogeneic HSCT recipients. Optimism, gratitude, life satisfaction, and PROs (i.e., QOL, anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms) were assessed using the Life Orientation Test-Revised, Gratitude Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version, respectively. We used linear and multivariate regressions for all analyses and controlled for patient factors. RESULTS Optimism was associated with better QOL (β = 1.46; p < 0.001) and lower levels of anxiety (β = -0.28; p < 0.001), depression (β = -0.31; p < 0.001), and PTSD (β = -0.58; p < 0.001). Gratitude was associated with better QOL (β = 1.11; p < 0.001) and lower levels of anxiety (β = -0.21; p = 0.001), depression (β = -0.14; p = 0.021), and PTSD (β = -0.32; p = 0.032). Finally, satisfaction with life was associated with better QOL (β = 1.26; p < 0.001) and lower levels of anxiety (β = -0.18; p < 0.001), depression (β = -0.21; p < 0.001), and PTSD (β = -0.49; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Optimism, gratitude, and satisfaction with life were all associated with better QOL and lower levels of psychological distress in allogeneic HSCT survivors. These data support studies to harness PPWB as a therapeutic intervention for this population throughout HSCT recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermioni L. Amonoo
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Emma C. Deary
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Emma Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Lam
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard A. Newcomb
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa M. Gudenkauf
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lydia A. Brown
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry K. Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jeff C. Huffman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Areej El-Jawahri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Ring L, Avidor S, Palgi Y. Reclaiming hope: Subjective nearness to death as a moderator between posttraumatic stress symptoms and hope among older adults. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3283. [PMID: 37329232 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perceiving one's remaining time until death, can serve as a source of resilience when faced with adversity in the second half of life. The current work is based on a prospective study and examines whether subjective nearness-to-death (SNtD) moderates the association between posttraumatic-stress symptoms (PTSS) and hope among adults in the second half of life. The first wave was conducted after the end of a military conflict in the south of Israel, and included 170 participants (M = 66.61, SD = 9.16; age range 51-91), 115 of whom also participated in Wave 2. Participants filled out self-reported questionnaires regarding background information, PTSS, SNtD and hope. A moderation effect was found, revealing that high levels of PTSS predicted lower levels of hope among those who felt close to their death, but not among those who felt far from their death. We suggest that one's evaluation of little time remaining to live, especially in old age, may be a significant factor exacerbating the negative consequences of PTSS on hope. The importance of the results to the research field is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Ring
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sharon Avidor
- Faculty of Social and Community Sciences, The Lior Tzfati Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Yuval Palgi
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Benight CC, Hurd JA, Morison M, Ricca BP. Big ideas series: self-regulation shift theory: trauma, suicide, and violence. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:1-15. [PMID: 37555655 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2242281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic stress, suicide, and impulsive violence arguably are three of the most consequential problems facing societies today. Self-regulation shift theory is introduced to capture the underlying coping dynamics involved in these three grave challenges. OBJECTIVES Self-regulation shift theory, based in a nonlinear dynamical systems framework, focuses on critical psychological self-regulation thresholds and the role of cognitive self-appraisals in human adaptation to help understand these three significant societal challenges. METHODS This essay reviews existing evidence within the posttraumatic adaptation process utilizing SRST for understanding dynamic self-regulation. This is followed by integrating SRST within existing current theoretical models for suicidal behaviors and violent outbursts. CONCLUSIONS The essay concludes with methodological suggestions for future research applying SRST and how this research offers important opportunities to develop early warning systems that promote hope when hope seems impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Benight
- Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, USA
| | - Julie A Hurd
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, USA
| | - Margaret Morison
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, USA
| | - Bernard P Ricca
- Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, USA
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Kirchner L, Kube T, D'Astolfo L, Strahler J, Herbstreit R, Rief W. How to modify expectations of social rejection? An experimental study using a false-feedback paradigm. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 81:101859. [PMID: 37182428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Negative expectations (NEs) are fundamental to various mental disorders. Finding ways to modulate NEs would help to improve clinical treatment. The present study investigated how previously formed expectations of social rejection are revised in the context of novel positive social experiences, and whether their revision can be modulated by differentially shifting participants' attentional focus. METHODS Our sample of 124 healthy participants was randomly assigned to four experimental conditions and received manipulated social feedback in multiple alleged webcam conferences. All groups went through three experimental phases that began with predominantly negative social feedback, then either transitioned to predominantly positive social feedback or continued to predominantly negative social feedback, and ultimately transitioning to a phase with no explicit social feedback. The experimental conditions differed in what they were instructed to focus on when receiving positive social feedback. RESULTS Receiving novel positive social feedback led to substantial changes in social expectations, but this effect was not modulated by the instructions the participants were given. Descriptive trends revealed that both instructions improved NE modification, although this effect was not robust to extinction in one condition. LIMITATIONS To prevent our cover story from being compromised, we could not perform an immediate manipulation check of the instructions given. Nevertheless, some of the sample seemed suspicious about the cover story. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that established expectations of social rejection can be revised when unexpectedly experiencing social acceptance. Nevertheless, more research is needed on potential instructions that could be used to optimize the modification of NEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kirchner
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Kube
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Ostbahnstraße 10, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Lisa D'Astolfo
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jana Strahler
- Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Sandfangweg 4, 79102, Freiburg, Germany
| | - René Herbstreit
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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Sheehy KA, Hruska B, Waldrep EE, Pacella-LaBarbara ML, George RL, Benight CC, Delahanty DL. The mediating role of coping self-efficacy on social support and PTSD symptom severity among injury survivors. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:770-780. [PMID: 37128653 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2199208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support confers a protective effect against elevated PTSD symptomatology following injury. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which social support conveys this protective mental health effect in injury survivors. Coping self-efficacy is linked to both social support and PTSD symptomatology but has not been examined. OBJECTIVE To test coping self-efficacy as a mechanism for the relationship between social support and PTSD symptom severity among injury survivors. METHOD AND DESIGN Participants consisted of 61 injury survivors (62.3% male, 72.1% White) admitted to a Level-1 Trauma Center. Social support was assessed at 2-weeks post-injury; coping self-efficacy at 6-weeks post-injury; and PTSD symptom severity at 3-months post-injury. RESULTS A statistically significant indirect effect was found for the social support - coping self-efficacy - PTSD symptomatology pathway, providing evidence of mediation even after controlling for age, sex, race, and education (B = -0.51, SE = 0.18, CI = -0.92, -0.20). CONCLUSIONS Social support may exert an effect on PTSD symptom severity post-injury through its connection with coping self-efficacy. Coping self-efficacy represents an important intervention target following injury for those survivors with lower social support who are at risk for elevated PTSD symptom severity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriszha A Sheehy
- Department of Psychology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, USA
| | - Bryce Hruska
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles C Benight
- Trauma, Health, and Hazards Center and Psychology Department, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, USA
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12
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Fischer IC, Davis LW, Cyders MA, Salyers MP, Rand KL. Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms and symptom clusters in a sample of treatment-seeking US veterans: Longitudinal associations with meaning in life and general self-efficacy. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:781-787. [PMID: 37479042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the associations between general self-efficacy, subjective meaning in life, and posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms and symptom clusters in US veterans, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. METHODS Data from a Veteran Affairs (VA) funded intervention study (n = 191) were examined. Self-report measures of depressive symptoms, general self-efficacy, and meaning in life were collected, along with clinician-rated symptoms of PTSD. RESULTS Meaning in life was consistently inversely associated with posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms and symptom clusters cross-sectionally, whereas general self-efficacy was only inversely associated with some aspects of depressive symptoms. Longitudinal analyses further revealed that meaning in life was inversely associated with the cluster D symptoms of PTSD and the cognitive-affective symptoms of depression. CONCLUSIONS Higher meaning in life is associated with less severe symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms, particularly those related to mood. Additional research is needed to determine whether interventions designed to increase meaning in life attenuate these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Fischer
- Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Louanne W Davis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michelle P Salyers
- Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin L Rand
- Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
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13
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Simmel S, Kus S, Oberhauser C, Coenen M. [Quality of Life and Return to Work Following Rehabilitation - Results of the icfPROreha Study]. DIE REHABILITATION 2023; 62:268-277. [PMID: 37216965 DOI: 10.1055/a-2064-8434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not only the severity of an injury, but also bio-psycho-social factors affect health-related quality of life and participation in social life after severe musculoskeletal injuries. METHODS Multicentre prospective longitudinal study with follow-up up to 78 weeks after discharge from inpatient trauma rehabilitation. Data were collected using a comprehensive assessment tool. Quality of life was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L, return to work by patients' self-reports and routine data of health insurances. Analyses of the association between quality of life and return to work, change over time in quality of life compared to the general German population and multivariate analyses to predict quality of life were conducted. RESULT Of 612 study participants (444 men (72.5%); M=48.5 years; SD 12.0), 502 (82.0%) returned to work 78 weeks after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Quality of life improved during rehabilitation treatment from 50.18 to 64.50 (mean of visual analogue scale of EQ-5D-5L) and slightly to 69.38 78 weeks after discharge from inpatient trauma rehabilitation. EQ-5D index was below the values of the general population. In total, 18 factors were selected to predict quality of life 78 weeks after discharge from inpatient trauma rehabilitation. Among others, pain at rest and suspected anxiety disorder at admission had a very strong effect on quality of life. Contextual factors such as therapies after acute care and self-efficacy also had an effect on quality of life 78 weeks after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Bio-psycho-social factors affect long-term quality of life of patients with musculoskeletal injuries. Already at the time of discharge from acute treatment and even more at the beginning of inpatient rehabilitation, decisions can be made in order to achieve the best possible quality of life for those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Kus
- Institut für medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie - IBE, Lehrstuhl für Public Health und Versorgungsforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, München
| | - Cornelia Oberhauser
- Institut für medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie - IBE, Lehrstuhl für Public Health und Versorgungsforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, München
| | - Michaela Coenen
- Institut für medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie - IBE, Lehrstuhl für Public Health und Versorgungsforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, München
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14
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Lo CC, Chen IC, Ho WS, Cheng YC. A sequential mediation model of perceived social support, mindfulness, perceived hope, and mental health literacy: An empirical study on Taiwanese university students. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104016. [PMID: 37729828 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the mediation of mindfulness and perceived hope between perceived social support and mental health literacy in university students. Of 568 students (205 males, 363 females, average age 20.97) from 70 Taiwanese universities, tools like the Perceived Social Support Scale, General Health Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and State Hope Scale were used, adapted to Traditional Chinese through back-translation. Confirmatory factor analysis affirmed model validity. Hayes' PROCESS Model 6 analyzed the data. The results showed an indirect effect of social support on mental health literacy via mindfulness and hope (B = 0.091, 95 % CI: 0.0613 to 0.1258). Three mediation paths were: (1) mindfulness (B = 0.035); (2) hope (B = 0.052); and (3) a combined effect (B = 0.003). A direct effect of social support on mental health literacy was significant (B = 0.120). The model explained 33.9 % of the variance in mental health literacy. The research underscores the link between social support, mindfulness, hope, and mental health literacy, identifying mindfulness and hope as mediators. It stresses the mediation impact and suggests strategies to boost mental health literacy in university students. Future research should expand to cross-cultural studies, further examine the evolving dynamics of social support, and incorporate both qualitative and experimental methodologies. The inclusion of factors such as alienation, well-being, and resilience can enrich the theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Lo
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - I-Chen Chen
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Clothing Making, National Yuanlin Home-Economics and Commercial Vocational Senior High School, No. 56, Zhongzheng Rd., Changhua County, Yuanlin City 510005, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Sho Ho
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan, ROC; NCUE Alumni Association, National Changhua University of Education Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua County, Changhua City 500207, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yao-Chung Cheng
- Center for Teacher Education, National Changhua University of Education Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua City 500207, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan, ROC; Alumni Service Center, National Changhua University of Education Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua County, Changhua City 500207, Taiwan, ROC.
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15
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Kitashita M, Suzuki K. Hope and its associated factors in cancer patients undergoing drug therapy: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:597. [PMID: 37768425 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to clarify the hope of cancer patients undergoing drug therapy and related factors through a systematic review. METHODS References were searched and selected in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. RESULTS Thirteen articles were selected. A meta-analysis found that the overall Herth Hope Index score for cancer patients undergoing drug therapy averaged 35.64 points. The hope of cancer patients was associated with anxiety/depression and quality of life (QOL). It was also associated with personal attributes such as age, family structure, economic situation, educational level, social support, internal factors such as coping, self-esteem, optimism, self-confidence, locus of control, etc., as well as disease/treatment-related factors such as the purpose of treatment, general condition, presence or absence of metastasis, symptoms, survival period, and estimated life expectancy. CONCLUSION Anxiety/depression, QOL, and other factors were found to be related to cancer patients' hope. In the future, studies that clarify the overall structure of various factors related to hope and longitudinal studies will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kitashita
- Faculty of Human Nursing, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hssaka-Cho, Hikone-Shi, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan.
- Doctoral Program, Graduate School of Nursing, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 7-6, Hatchonishi-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka, 569-0095, Japan.
| | - Kumi Suzuki
- Faculty of Nursing, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 7-6, Hatchonishi-Machi, Takatsuki-Shi, Osaka, 569-0095, Japan
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16
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D'Souza JM, Long LJ, Richardson AL, Gallagher MW. Hope, optimism, and self-efficacy predicting mental health and illness in a community sample exposed to Hurricane Harvey. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:2774-2789. [PMID: 37453085 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, Hurricane Harvey flooded more than 300,000 buildings causing an estimated $125 billion in damages and resulting in 68 deaths (National Hurricane Center). This actual or threatened loss of life and physical harm led many to report negative effects on mental well-being and greater mental illness. However, many individuals have been able to experience similar adverse events without a significant negative impact on their mental health and well-being. Positive thinking factors such as hope, optimism, and self-efficacy have been proposed as protective factors in the face of difficult life events. Hope, optimism, and self-efficacy are related but distinct constructs that have often been studied separately, but whose unique impact on well-being and mental illness is less clear, especially in the context of a natural hazard. The current study uses structural equation modeling to measure the unique contribution of hope, optimism, and hurricane-coping self-efficacy on mental well-being and mental illness in a community sample of 300 subjects who experienced Hurricane Harvey, recruited from Mechanical Turk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann M D'Souza
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laura J Long
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Matthew W Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Behrendt D, Boß L, Hannibal S, Kunzler AM, Wessa M, Lehr D. Feasibility and efficacy of a digital resilience training: A pilot study of the strengths-based training RESIST. Internet Interv 2023; 33:100649. [PMID: 37545556 PMCID: PMC10400467 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Work-related stress is a risk factor for a number of adverse health and work outcomes. Resilience trainings are a promising approach for adequately dealing with work stress and keeping employees mentally healthy. However, results of previous resilience trainings have been heterogeneous, ranging from null findings to large effects. Existing digital resilience interventions show a lack of consistency in terms of an underlying theoretical framework and methods used to foster resilience. Positive Appraisal Style Theory of Resilience offers an innovative conceptualization of resilience. Strengths-based cognitive behavioral therapy is a corresponding therapeutically method reflecting resilience as a resource-oriented process of dealing with stress. Based on this background, a new hybrid web-and app-based digital resilience intervention for employees named RESIST was developed. Objective The first aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of the newly developed training RESIST regarding its usability, user behavior, user experience and motivation to use. Second, the study sought to explore preliminary effects of the intervention on reducing stress and enhancing resilience by conducting a pilot randomized controlled trial. Methods The feasibility study was conducted in three phases. First, the usability of the app was investigated in a pre-test with five participants using a thinking-aloud method. Second, the preliminary efficacy of the training was examined in a pilot randomized controlled trial. A sample of 30 employees were randomized either to receive the resilience training (n = 15) or to be member of a control group (n = 15). The primary outcome was measuring perceived stress. Secondary outcomes included measures of resilience and depressive symptoms. Third, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with six participants of the resilience training group on training content, motivation for use, and user experience. Results Overall, results indicate that RESIST can be a feasible training for resilience promotion and stress reduction with high user satisfaction. Analysis of covariance showed that, relative to controls, participants who received RESIST reported significantly lower stress scores at post-intervention (F1,27 = 16.91, p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.57; 95 % CI 0.71-2.43) than controls. Significant differences, with moderate-to-large effect sizes, were also detected for general resilience and various resilience factors. Conclusions Results are promising and provide hope that a hybrid web- and app-based resilience intervention based on strengths-based cognitive behavioral therapy can have a positive impact on dealing adequately with stress and improve resilience of employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Behrendt
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute for Sustainability Education and Psychology, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Leif Boß
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute for Sustainability Education and Psychology, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Sandy Hannibal
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute for Sustainability Education and Psychology, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Angela M. Kunzler
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Lehr
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute for Sustainability Education and Psychology, Lueneburg, Germany
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18
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Kaniasty K, Baran M, Urbańska B, Boczkowska M, Hamer K. Sense of danger, sense of country's mastery, and sense of personal mastery as concomitants of psychological distress and subjective well-being in a sample of Poles following Russia's invasion of Ukraine: Prospective analyses. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023. [PMID: 37640052 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated psychological toll of the ongoing war in neighboring Ukraine in a sample of adult Poles (N = 1245). Data were collected online in early February and August 2022. Prospective analyses that accounted for psychological health status assessed before the Russian invasion showed that higher levels of sense of danger due to the war predicted higher levels of psychological distress and lower levels of affect balance close to 6 months after Russia attacked Ukraine. Sense of country's mastery (i.e. beliefs that government, its major institutions, and citizens would effectively cope with various emergencies and crises) served as a protective factor. Likewise, Poles who had confidence in their personal mastery (e.g., beliefs in ability to exercise control over life challenges) exhibited less distress and more subjective well-being. These findings emerged after controlling for sociodemographic factors, the presence of stressful experiences associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and other life events. Wars dramatically reverberate beyond the borders of the countries involved. People's own sense of mastery and their trust in the resilience of their governmental and public institutions are critical in times of coping with existential security threats and wars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kaniasty
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Baran
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Urbańska
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Boczkowska
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hamer
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Scharnetzki E, Waterston L, Scherer AM, Thorpe A, Fagerlin A, Han PKJ. Effects of Prosocial and Hope-Promoting Communication Strategies on COVID-19 Worry and Intentions for Risk-Reducing Behaviors and Vaccination: Experimental Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e41959. [PMID: 37379364 PMCID: PMC10411423 DOI: 10.2196/41959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has engendered widespread fear and skepticism about recommended risk-reducing behaviors including vaccination. Health agencies are faced with the need to communicate to the public in ways that both provide reassurance and promote risk-reducing behaviors. Communication strategies that promote prosocial (PS) values and hope are being widely used; however, the existing research on the persuasiveness of these strategies has offered mixed evidence. There is also very little research examining the comparative effectiveness of PS and hope-promoting (HP) strategies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of PS and HP messages in reassuring the public and motivating COVID-19 risk-reducing behaviors. METHODS A web-based factorial experiment was conducted in which a diverse sample of the US public was randomized to read messages which adapted existing COVID-19 information from a public website produced by a state government public health department to include alternative framing language: PS, HP, or no additional framing (control). Participants then completed surveys measuring COVID-19 worry and intentions for COVID-19 risk-reducing behaviors and vaccination. RESULTS COVID-19 worry was unexpectedly higher in the HP than in the control and PS conditions. Intentions for COVID-19 risk-reducing behaviors did not differ between groups; however, intentions for COVID-19 vaccination were higher in the HP than in the control condition, and this effect was mediated by COVID-19 worry. CONCLUSIONS It appears that HP communication strategies may be more effective than PS strategies in motivating risk-reducing behaviors in some contexts but with the paradoxical cost of promoting worry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Scharnetzki
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Leo Waterston
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Aaron M Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alistair Thorpe
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Angela Fagerlin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Salt Lake City VA Informatics Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center for Innovation, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salk Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Paul K J Han
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, United States
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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20
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Chen C, Kotozaki Y, Okubo R, Nakagawa S. Editorial: New insights into stress coping and resilience. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1253170. [PMID: 37521723 PMCID: PMC10374303 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1253170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Obihiro Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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21
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Koehler F, Schäfer SK, Lieb K, Wessa M. Differential associations of leisure music engagement with resilience: A network analysis. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100377. [PMID: 36896003 PMCID: PMC9988545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Several factors associated with resilience as the maintenance of mental health despite stress exposure can be strengthened through participation in leisure time activities. Since many people listen to or make music in their leisure time, the aim of the present study was to provide insights into the architecture of how resilience relates to passive and active music engagement. Method 511 participants regularly listening to and/or making music completed an online survey on resilient outcomes (i.e., mental health and stressor recovery ability), different resilience factors (e.g., optimism, social support), quantitative music engagement (i.e., time spent with music listening/making) and qualitative music engagement (i.e., use of music listening/making for mood regulation). Results Bivariate correlations showed that subjects spending more time with music making reported better stressor recovery ability and less mental health problems, while partial correlational network analysis revealed no unique associations for quantitative music engagement. Regarding qualitative music engagement, people using music-based mood regulation reported lower mental health, mindfulness, and optimism, but also higher social support. A more heterogeneous pattern emerged for single music-based mood regulation strategies. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of the individual (mal-)adaptive use of music, painting a more nuanced picture of music engagement and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Koehler
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Wallstraße 7, Mainz 55122, Germany
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Seminaarinkatu 15, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sarah K. Schäfer
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Wallstraße 7, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Wallstraße 7, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Wallstraße 7, Mainz 55122, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Wallstraße 3, Mainz 55122, Germany
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22
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Leviton A, Patel AD, Loddenkemper T. Self-management education for children with epilepsy and their caregivers. A scoping review. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 144:109232. [PMID: 37196451 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-management education programs have been highly successful in preparing people to manage medical conditions with recurring events. A detailed curriculum for epilepsy patients, and their caretakers, is lacking. Here we assess what is available for patients who have disorders with recurring events and offer an approach to developing a potential self-care curriculum for patients with seizures and their caregivers. Among the anticipated components are a baseline efficacy assessment and training tailored to increasing self-efficacy, medication compliance, and stress management. Those at risk of status epilepticus will also need guidance in preparing a personalized seizure action plan and training in how to decide when rescue medication is appropriate and how to administer the therapy. Peers, as well as professionals, could teach and provide support. To our knowledge, no such programs are currently available in English. We encourage their creation, dissemination, and widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Leviton
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Anup D Patel
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Childrens Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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23
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Lu YB, Wu WF, Zhao SY. How does parental emotion regulation influence Chinese migrant children's resilience? The chain mediating role of self-efficacy and hope. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37359643 PMCID: PMC10161174 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To examine the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and hope in the relationship between parental emotion regulation and migrant children's resilience, the study investigated 745 migrant children (mean age = 12.9, SD = 1.5, 371 boys) from four schools and their parents in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China. All children were asked to complete the Adolescent Resilience Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Children's Hope Scale. Their parents completed the Parental Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling showed that parental emotion regulation could not only directly influence children's resilience but also indirectly influence it through two paths: the independent mediating role of self-efficacy and the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and hope. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how parental emotion regulation influences migrant children's resilience and provide important practical guidance for enhancing migrant children's resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-biao Lu
- Present Address: School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province China
| | - Wen-feng Wu
- Present Address: School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province China
| | - Shou-ying Zhao
- Present Address: School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province China
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Tao TJ, Liang L, Liu H, Hobfoll SE, Hou WK, Bonanno GA. The interrelations between psychological outcome trajectories and resource changes amid large-scale disasters: A growth mixture modeling analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 36792591 PMCID: PMC9930711 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently little is known about the interrelations between changes in psychiatric symptoms and changes in resources (personal, social, financial) amid large-scale disasters. This study investigated trajectories of psychiatric symptoms and their relationships with different patterns of changes in personal, social, and financial resources between 2020 and 2022 amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A population-representative sample (N = 1333) was recruited to complete self-report instruments at the pandemic's acute phase (February-July 2020, T1), and again at 1-year (March-August 2021, T2) and 1.5-year (September 2021-February 2022, T3) follow-ups. Respondents reported depressive and anxiety symptoms, self-efficacy, perceived social support, and financial capacity. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) identified four trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms: resilience (72.39-74.19%), recovery (8.40-11.93%), delayed distress (7.20-7.35%), and chronic distress (8.33-10.20%). Four patterns were demonstrated in resource changes: persistent high resources (40.89-47.64%), resource gain (12.08-15.60%), resource loss (6.30-10.43%), and persistent low resources (28.73-36.61%). Loss and gain in financial resources characterized chronic distress and resilience, respectively. Loss in personal resources characterized delayed distress, whereas loss or no gain in social resources was related to chronic/delayed distress. Respondents in resilience were also more likely to have persistent high resources while those with delayed/chronic distress were more likely to have persistent low resources. These results provide an initial evidence base for advancing current understanding on trajectories of resilience and psychopathology in the context of resource changes during and after large-scale disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Junchen Tao
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Liang
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huinan Liu
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ,grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stevan E. Hobfoll
- STAR Consultants-STress, Anxiety and Resilience, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Wai Kai Hou
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - George A. Bonanno
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
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Rand KL, Rogers SK. Cognitive models of hope. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101510. [PMID: 36459929 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Rand
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, USA.
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Mei YX, Xiang DD, Zhang ZX, Twumwaah Budu J, Lin BL, Chen SY. Family function, self-efficacy, care hours per day, closeness and benefit finding among stroke caregivers in China: A moderated mediation model. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:506-516. [PMID: 35285125 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the moderated mediation mechanism of the relationships among family function, self-efficacy, care hours per day, closeness and benefit finding in family caregivers of patients with stroke in China. BACKGROUND Benefit finding can provide a new means of resolving depression among family members caring for an ill loved one. However, current research has paid little attention to the benefit finding of family caregivers of stroke patients in China. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS Three hundred fifty family caregivers of patients with stroke were recruited from community service centres and hospitals in Zhengzhou, China. The participants completed the family APGAR index, caregiver benefit finding scale and Chinese general self-efficacy scale during a study conducted in 2017. Descriptive analyses and a moderated mediation model were computed. Reporting adhered to the STROBE checklist. RESULTS A total of 311 family caregivers completed this study. Closeness between family caregivers and patients with stroke moderated the relationship between family function and caregiver benefit finding. Self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between family function and caregiver benefit finding; moreover, care hours per day moderated the mediation. CONCLUSION This study shows important factors associated with benefit finding in family caregivers of patients with stroke. This indicates elements that could help improve benefit finding intervention programmes for family caregivers of patients with stroke. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The findings in our study provide valuable information on benefit finding and indicate some interventions to improve the mental health of family caregivers of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xia Mei
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Xiang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Xiang Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Bei-Lei Lin
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su-Yan Chen
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ong AD, Liu Z, Cintron DW. Five challenges for hope and resilience research. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101538. [PMID: 36580823 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Twenty years after Snyder's seminar article on hope theory, research on hope has moved in many directions and has spanned multiple spheres of personal life and social life, including psychological adjustment, physical health, lifespan development, and interpersonal relationships. Given its importance for well-being, it is somewhat surprising that a close look at the literature reveals that the question of whether hope is a source of resilience is far from resolved, and key questions remain unanswered. Here, we outline five challenges for future hope and resilience research, including conceptualization, measurement, research design, modeling methods, and multidirectional and multidimensional perspectives on adaptation. Although each of these challenges has received some attention, additional work is needed to build a more cumulative science, thereby contributing important insights into what it means to be well in the face of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Ong
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, USA; Center for Integrative Developmental Science, Cornell University, USA.
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, USA
| | - Dakota W Cintron
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, USA; Center for Integrative Developmental Science, Cornell University, USA
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Vinueza-Solórzano AM, Campoverde RE, Portalanza-Chavarría CA, de Freitas CPP, Hutz CS, Vazquez ACS. Adaptation and validation of the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale in the Ecuadorian context. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2023; 36:3. [PMID: 36689036 PMCID: PMC9869830 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evidence the validity and reliability of the Ecuadorian version of the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, one of the most studied concepts of positive psychology. The adaptation process included translation and semantic and idiomatic validation. For content validation, an expert review and focus group were conducted. The questionnaire was applied to 2423 workers in Ecuador with a mean age of 37 years (SD = 9.04), and 65.6% were women. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the scale's dimensionality. The reliability and convergent and discriminant validity were also evaluated. In order to investigate the best solution for an Ecuadorian version of the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, four structural models were assessed. The unidimensional solution was the most adequate structure for the scale. The internal consistency of the scale was adequate. The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS) was developed to assess this positive psychological state and has been the most used tool in many contexts. To our knowledge, this study is the first to adapt the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale into the Ecuadorian context and evaluate its validity. The findings support its reliability, factorial, and construct validity in the Ecuadorian context. Furthermore, the results show that dispositional hope acts as a protective factor, promoting work engagement and preventing burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Vinueza-Solórzano
- grid.412344.40000 0004 0444 6202Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170 Brazil
| | - Ronald Enrique Campoverde
- grid.442143.40000 0001 2107 1148Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, 090902 Ecuador
| | | | - Clarissa P. P. de Freitas
- grid.4839.60000 0001 2323 852XDepartment of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900 Brazil
| | - Claudio Simon Hutz
- grid.8532.c0000 0001 2200 7498Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-002 Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Souza Vazquez
- grid.412344.40000 0004 0444 6202Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170 Brazil
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Yao Y, Qiao Z, Dong F, Ni J. Role of rumination and hope on negative life events and suicidal ideation under the background of normalization of pandemic prevention and control: A moderated mediation model. Front Public Health 2023; 10:898580. [PMID: 36743173 PMCID: PMC9895382 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.898580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study aimed to investigate the impact and mechanism of negative life events on college students' suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic and the buffering effect of hope under the background of normalization of pandemic. Methods A total of 5211 participants took part in this study. Self-reported negative life events, rumination, hope and suicide ideation were measured using a range of questions and scales. Our research demonstrated that the incidence of suicidal ideation among college freshmen in the past week was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than that before the pandemic. In this study, conditional process model 15 was used to verify the hypothetical model of rumination as a potential mediator and hope as a moderator. Results The hypothesized moderated mediation model was verified significant (β = -0.047, 95% CI = [-0.061, -0.035]), and hope was found to moderate the direct effect of negative life events on suicidal ideation (β = -0.039, t = -2.937, 95% CI = [-0.065, -0.013]) as well as the indirect effect of through the mediator rumination (β = -0.134, t = -10.850, 95% CI = [-0.158, -0.110]). Discussion We found that rumination partially mediated the effect of negative life events on suicidal ideation, and hope buffered the direct and indirect effect of negative life events on suicidal ideation. The implications of the findings for clinical interventions are discussed, including the importance of hope arousal as a protective factor and rumination as a cognitive mechanism for emotion regulation under the background of normalization of pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yao
- Counseling and Education Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihong Qiao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangbai Dong
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchao Ni
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Liu R, Duan W. Assessing perceptions of resilience: The understanding from network analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1017871. [PMID: 36741960 PMCID: PMC9895415 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1017871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have yet to reach a consensus on the construct of resilience perception, and how to enhance the effect of resilience intervention remains an urgent issue. In this consideration, this study examines the fundamental construct of resilience. It provides insight into the critical prevention goal for resilience intervention by utilizing the latest methods of psychological network analysis. Methods The sample is the graduate students enrolled in September 2021. Participants completed (1) the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, (2) the University of Washington Resilience Scale-8 Item, (3) the Brief Resilience Scale, and (4) the Resilience Scale for Adults, each representing different orientations of resilience. Results The network analysis grants greater clarity to the resilience perception as a dynamic system that interacts between an individual's tendency to intrinsic capacity and response to external resources. This study has shown that a positive perception of external social resources is the most important for individuals' resilience cognition; the effect of resilience intervention can be achieved more quickly by changing the individual's sense of hope. Discussion Based on the results, a psychometric instrument that integrates different orientations of resilience concepts and is based on time-varying needs to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Student Counseling and Mental Health Center, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Duan
- Social and Public Administration School, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Bernstein SF, Sasson I. Black and white differences in subjective survival expectations: An evaluation of competing mechanisms. SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101339. [PMID: 36785548 PMCID: PMC9918793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While black-white inequality in longevity is well documented in the United States, little is known about how individuals from different race/ethnic groups form their own personal survival expectations. Prior research has found that despite having higher mortality, blacks on average report higher survival expectations relative to whites. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examined racial differences in subjective survival expectations across birth cohorts and provide explanatory mechanisms. We find that blacks-men in particular-were overly optimistic about their survival, but this effect had waned with successive birth cohorts. Furthermore, whereas subjective survival expectations and actual survival were correlated among white men, among black men the most optimistic fared worst. Blacks and whites differed not only in their response patterns, but also in how they weighed the different factors (socioeconomic, psychosocial, health, parental longevity) associated with expected survival. Importantly, those who estimated their survival probability with certainty had positive psychosocial characteristics, irrespective of race, but only whites had better health. These findings underscore the importance of group differences in subjective survival expectations as another potential form of inequality. Racial differences in how long individual expect to live may account for differences in social and economic behavior and outcomes, irrespective of actual longevity differentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna Fae Bernstein
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel,Corresponding author.
| | - Isaac Sasson
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel,Herczeg Institute on Aging, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Flesia L, Adeeb M, Waseem A, Helmy M, Monaro M. Psychological Distress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Protective Role of Hope. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:67-80. [PMID: 36661755 PMCID: PMC9857999 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak and the worldwide lockdown measures had an impact on the global mental health and psychological well-being of the general population. Several studies attempted to investigate the protective and risk factors for psychological distress related to the pandemic. However, to date, little is known about the role of hope in this context. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between hope and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 outbreak in the general population. The sample consisted of 504 Pakistani people who completed cross-sectionally the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) and the Adult Hope Scale (AHS). Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis was run to measure the relationship between hope and psychological distress; hierarchical regression analysis was run to investigate the association between demographics and hope with psychological distress. Higher levels of hope predicted lower levels of psychological distress. Being female, being older, lower level of education, urban residence, being married and living in nuclear family systems were associated with higher levels of psychological distress. The study highlights the protective role of hope on psychological distress related to COVID-19, contributing to knowledge on factors promoting positive mental health during emergency times and providing useful information for implementing effective public health policies and programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Flesia
- Azienda ULSS6 Euganea, Via Degli Scrovegni, 14, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Adeeb
- School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, University of Utara, Sintok 06010, Malaysia
| | - Aqsa Waseem
- School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, University of Utara, Sintok 06010, Malaysia
| | - Mai Helmy
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
- Psychology Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
| | - Merylin Monaro
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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An Interaction Effect of Life-Threatening Experience, Self-Efficacy, and Financial Resources on Quality of Life Among Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Women. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2023; 48:231-246. [PMID: 34658463 PMCID: PMC8503864 DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The current study explores the interaction effect of adversities and self-efficacy at baseline on quality of life (QoL) at follow-up among middle-aged and older Chinese women. 531 women were interviewed in 2008 and 226 of them were re-interviewed a year later using Quality of Life Ladder (QoLL), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), List of Threatening Experiences (LTE), Somatic Complaint Scale, and self-rated health. Respondents' mean age at baseline was 55.7 (SD = 4.7, range: 50-78). Over a year's time, respondents had a decline in quality of life and self-rated health (p < .001), experienced more life-threatening events (p < .05) and somatic complaints. The hierarchical multiple regression model, employed in the study, identifies three predictors of future quality of life after adding the interaction term 'Previous LTE × Previous GSE × Previous household income' - previous quality of life (β = .492, p < .001), previous LTE (β = -.292, p < .001), and the interaction term (β = .221, p < .05). This model explains 34.1% of the variance of future quality of life (Adjusted R2 = .341, p < .001). The findings suggests that respondents' good self-appraisal of coping resources could moderate the impact of adversities on their future quality of life. Interventions for promoting positive psychological growth among middle-aged and older adults should cover four domains, i.e. event-related factors, environmental factors, personal factors, and cognitive and coping responses. Traditional Chinese wisdom emphasizes the importance of understanding the bad ('Yin'-the shady side) and the good ('Yang'-the sunny side) aspect of life events. Future research may explore the Yin Yang perspective on life-threatening experiences and its applications in cross-cultural quality of life studies in the era of globalization.
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Gronier G, Aïssaoui D, Schwander F, Cara-Nova T. Psychometric properties of the French version of the Herth Hope Index assessment (HHI-F). EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2022.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lu J, Yu Y, Wang B, Zhang Y, Ji H, Chen X, Sun M, Daun Y, Pan Y, Chen Y, Yi Y, Dou X, Zhou L. The mediating role of self-efficacy between workplace violence and PTSD among nurses in Liaoning Province, China: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1090451. [PMID: 36910753 PMCID: PMC9995771 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1090451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nurses are at high risk for workplace violence, which can lead to psychological problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between workplace violence, self-efficacy, and PTSD, and to further explore whether self-efficacy mediates the relationship between workplace violence and PTSD among Chinese nurses. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Liaoning Province, China in 2020. A total of 1,017 valid questionnaires were returned. Each questionnaire included the Workplace Violence Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (PTSS-10), and demographics information. A hierarchical multiple regression approach was used to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between workplace violence and PTSD. The mediation model was then tested by the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Results A total of 1,017 nurses were included in this study, and the average score of PTSD among Chinese nurses was 26.85 ± 13.13 (mean ± SD). After further adjustment for control variables, workplace violence was positively associated with PTSD, explaining 13% of the variance. High self-efficacy was associated with low PTSD, explaining 18% of the variance. Self-efficacy partially mediated the role of workplace violence and PTSD. Conclusion The high scores of PTSD among Chinese nurses demand widespread attention. Workplace violence is an important predictor of PTSD in nurses. Self-efficacy is a significant factor in improving PTSD in nurses and mediates the relationship between workplace violence and PTSD. Measures and strategies to improve self-efficacy may mitigate the effects of workplace violence on PTSD in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Lu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Haoqiang Ji
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng Sun
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxin Daun
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanping Pan
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunting Chen
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaohui Yi
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dou
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Rueger SY, Worthington EL, Davis EB, Chen ZJ, Cowden RG, Moloney JM, Eveleigh E, Stone LB, Lemke AW, Glowiak KJ. Development and Initial Validation of the Persevering Hope Scale: Measuring Wait-Power in Four Independent Samples. J Pers Assess 2023; 105:58-73. [PMID: 35229699 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2032100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hope has been conceptualized as agency and pathways to achieve goals. However, this goal-directed conceptualization does not encapsulate all situations in which hope may be beneficial. To address the dispositional motivation to endure when a desired goal seems unattainable, unlikely, or even impossible (i.e., goal-transcendent hope), we provide initial psychometric evidence for the new Persevering Hope Scale (PHS). We developed and refined the PHS with undergraduates at a public college (Study 1) and replicated our findings in a community adult sample (Study 2). We replicated and extended these findings using longitudinal data with undergraduates at a faith-based college (Study 3) and a community sample of chronically ill adults (Study 4), and examined measurement invariance (Study 5). Scores on the PHS demonstrated robust evidence of estimated internal consistency and of criterion-related, convergent/discriminant, and incremental validity. Estimated temporal stability was modest. Partial scalar invariance was evidenced across samples, and full scalar invariance was evidenced across gender, race/ethnicity, and time. These preliminary findings suggest that the PHS is a psychometrically sound measure of persevering hope. Its use can broaden the current body of literature on trait hope to include goal-transcendent hope and advance research on the nature and benefits of this important construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Yu Rueger
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA
| | | | - Edward B Davis
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA
| | - Zhuo Job Chen
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
| | - Richard G Cowden
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University
| | | | - Elisha Eveleigh
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA
| | - Lauren B Stone
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA
| | - Austin W Lemke
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA
| | - Kevin J Glowiak
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA
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37
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Long LJ. Hope and PTSD. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 48:101472. [PMID: 36335657 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the present literature examining how hope relates to PTSD and broader functioning after a trauma, including potential underlying mechanisms and significant factors impacting these relationships and the role of hope as a mechanism of change within interventions for PTSD. First, the ways in which trauma impacts hope are discussed. Afterwards, an overview is provided of cross-sectional and prospective research indicating that greater hope reduces the risk of PTSD and promotes positive outcomes of adversity. Next, potential underlying mechanisms and determinants of the relationship between hope and adjustment are explored, including adaptive appraisals, productive coping, and social support. Finally, evidence supporting the role of hope as a mechanism of change in treatments for PTSD is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Long
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University.
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Furnham A, Robinson C. Correlates of Self-Assessed Optimism. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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39
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Beyond fear: Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder fail to engage in safety cues. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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40
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Nickerson A, Hoffman J, Keegan D, Kashyap S, Tricesaria D, Pestalozzi Z, Argadianti Rachmah R, Nandyatama R, Khakbaz M, Nilasari N, Liddell BJ. Context, coping, and mental health in refugees living in protracted displacement. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:1769-1782. [PMID: 36268717 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is currently an unprecedented number of forcibly displaced people worldwide. Little is known, however, about how external stressors and internal coping strategies intersect to influence mental health in displaced refugees, particularly whether specific types of coping strategies are more or less effective across different levels of external stress. This study aimed to understand whether positive and negative internal coping strategies were differentially associated with mental health across high and low levels of external stressors in displaced refugees. Participants were 1,216 refugees living in Indonesia who completed an online survey indexing demographic characteristics, exposure to ongoing stressors, positive psychological coping strategies (i.e., cognitive flexibility, self-efficacy, and hope), negative psychological coping strategies (i.e., rumination and intolerance of uncertainty), psychological symptoms (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety) and mental health-related quality of life. Participants (27.3% female, Mage = 30.52 years) were from Arabic-, Farsi-, Tamil-, Somali-, Dari-, and English-speaking backgrounds. Results of latent moderated structural equation modeling indicated that the association between negative psychological coping strategies and poorer mental health was stronger at higher levels of stress, whereas the association between positive psychological coping strategies and better quality of life was stronger at lower levels of stress. These findings provide evidence in support of tailored approaches that integrate interventions addressing external stressors and internal coping strategies to support positive mental health and enhanced quality of life in displaced refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nickerson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joel Hoffman
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Shraddha Kashyap
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Zico Pestalozzi
- SUAKA, Indonesian Civil Society Network for Refugee Rights Protection, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rizka Argadianti Rachmah
- HOST International, Parramatta, Australia.,SUAKA, Indonesian Civil Society Network for Refugee Rights Protection, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Randy Nandyatama
- School of International Relations, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Nindita Nilasari
- School of International Relations, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Belinda J Liddell
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Trajectories of resilience and mental distress to global major disruptions. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:1171-1189. [PMID: 36302711 PMCID: PMC9595401 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a major societal disruption, raising the question of how people can maintain or quickly regain their mental health (i.e., be resilient) during such times. Researchers have used the pandemic as a use case for studying resilience in response to a global, synchronously starting, and chronic set of stressors on the individual and societal level. Our review of this recent literature reveals that mental distress trajectories during the pandemic largely resemble mental distress responses to individual-level macro-stressors, except for a lower prevalence of recovery trajectories. Results suggest more resilient responses in older adults, but trajectories are less consistent for younger and older ages compared with middle-aged adults. We call for more research integrating state-of-the-art operationalizations of resilience and using these to study resilience over the lifespan.
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Wu C, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Yan J, He C, Sa Z, Wu J, Lin Y, Heng C, Su X, Lang H. Social responsibility and subjective well-being of volunteers for COVID-19: The mediating role of job involvement. Front Psychol 2022; 13:985728. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AimOur study aimed to investigate the effect of social responsibility on the subjective well-being of volunteers for COVID-19 and to examine the mediating role of job involvement in this relationship.BackgroundNowadays, more and more people join volunteer service activities. As we all know, volunteer work contributes to society without any return. Volunteers often have a strong sense of social responsibility and reap subjective well-being in their dedication. Although research shows that social responsibility will drive them to participate in volunteer work actively, it is less clear whether job involvement will impact their subjective well-being.MethodsThe data were collected in the precaution zone in Shanghai, China, from April to May 2022. A sample of 302 volunteers for COVID-19 completed the social responsibility scale, subjective well-being scale and job involvement scale in the form of an electronic questionnaire on their mobile phones. A structural equation model was adopted to verify the research hypotheses.ResultsSocial responsibility was significantly and positively related to volunteers’ subjective well-being and job involvement (p < 0.05). Job involvement fully mediates the relationship between volunteers’ social responsibility and subjective well-being.ConclusionSocial responsibility is critical to predicting volunteers’ subjective well-being. Job involvement plays an intervening mechanism in explaining how social responsibility promotes volunteers’ subjective well-being.
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The role of hope in language teachers' changing stress, coping, and well-being ☆. SYSTEM 2022; 109:102881. [PMCID: PMC9361186 DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2022.102881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Language teaching has been described as a “profession in crisis”; a situation likely worsened by the effects of an emergency conversion to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study examines two waves of data (from April and November 2020) on stress, coping, and well-being during those eight months. Results show an increase in teachers' stress associated with health and travel but decreases in stress due to online teaching and the shortage of goods in retail stores. There was a significant reduction in coping behavior as teachers settled into the new normal. Well-being, as measured by PERMA, declined significantly, and there was a significant increase in sadness, loneliness, and anger. However, teachers reported an increasing sense of growth during trauma. Time 2 data included a measure of hope, defined by feelings of agency and available pathways to goal achievement. Rarely has hope been studied among teachers in general or language teachers in particular. Results show significant, positive correlations between hope and various measures of successful coping and teacher well-being, including a sense of growth over time. The study suggests the time frame of the study was especially difficult for teachers, but that hope is associated with more positive outcomes.
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Robles-Bello MA, Sánchez-Teruel D, Gavin Chocano Ó, González Luque A, Camacho Conde JA. Co-operative learning, psychometric adaptation, and invariability of the academic satisfaction scale in Spanish university students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:864510. [PMID: 36211906 PMCID: PMC9533773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to understand the measurement of academic satisfaction (AS) in a variety of cross-cultural contexts. The first aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of AS scale, to explore its structural validity, to assess its differential item function, including gender and age invariance in university students. Study 2 aimed to assess whether AS improved after the application of a teaching instructional approach based on cooperative learning (CL), while a cross-sectional study was performed in several stages. Descriptive, confirmatory, and scale reliability analyses were carried out with indices for goodness-of-fit, such that a new scale was obtained with a single-factor structure. A reduction to 6-items in this sample exhibited better psychometric properties. Configural invariance by gender and age indicated that men and women had a similar understanding of the new scale. Given significant differences between groups, the CL group scored higher in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Óscar Gavin Chocano
- Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Camacho Conde
- Faculty of Education, Economy and Technology of Ceuta, University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Antonio Camacho Conde,
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45
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Robles-Bello MA, Sánchez-Teruel D. Measurement invariance in gender and age of the Herth Hope Index to the general spanish population across the lifespan. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 36097580 PMCID: PMC9453711 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Herth Hope Index (HHI) is used to measure hope. Assessing the psychometric properties of HHI in Spanish population, exploring its structural validity, the different functionalities of the items and the invariability of this measure according to the gender and age of the population. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to explore the scale's dimensionality and test for strong measurement invariance across sex and age in a cross-sectional, multicenter, prospective study. A new scale was obtained with the structure of one factor with 9 items. Goodness-of-fit indices were excellent. The internal consistency of the one dimension proved high values. The configural invariance on gender shows that both men and women understand the new HHI items, also, this research also shows that there is no scalar invariance across age groups, revealing good levels of adjustment of the item. The Spanish version of the HHI proved to be a valid, reliable instrument to assess the hope in Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Sánchez-Teruel
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Oshri A, Cui Z, Owens M, Carvalho C, Sweet L. Low-to-moderate level of perceived stress strengthens working memory: Testing the hormesis hypothesis through neural activation. Neuropsychologia 2022; 176:108354. [PMID: 36041501 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The negative impact of stress on neurocognitive functioning is extensively documented by empirical research. However, emerging reports suggest that stress may also confer positive neurocognitive effects. This hypothesis has been advanced by the hormesis model of psychosocial stress, in which low-moderate levels of stress are expected to result in neurocognitive benefits, such as improved working memory (WM), a central executive function. We tested the hormesis hypothesis, purporting an inverted U-shaped relation between stress and neurocognitive performance, in a large sample of young adults from the Human Connectome Project (n = 1000, Mage = 28.74, SD = 3.67, 54.3% female). In particular, we investigated whether neural response during a WM challenge is a potential intermediary through which low-moderate levels of stress confer beneficial effects on WM performance. Further, we tested whether the association between low-moderate prolonged stress and WM-related neural function was stronger in contexts with more psychosocial resources. Findings showed that low-moderate levels of perceived stress were associated with elevated WM-related neural activation, resulting in more optimal WM behavioral performance (α *β = -0.02, p = .046). The strength of this association tapered off at high-stress levels. Finally, we found that the benefit of low-moderate stress was stronger among individuals with access to higher levels of psychosocial resources (β = -0.06, p = .021). By drawing attention to the dose-dependent, nonlinear relation between stress and WM, this study highlights emerging evidence of a process by which mild stress induces neurocognitive benefits, and the psychosocial context under which benefits are most likely to manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Oshri
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia; Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Georgia.
| | - Zehua Cui
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia; The Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Georgia
| | - Max Owens
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/ St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cory Carvalho
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia
| | - Lawrence Sweet
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia; Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Georgia
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Psychometric Characteristics of Persian Version of Adult Hope Scale (AHS) in Iranian Females with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). JOURNAL OF KERMANSHAH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jkums-123276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hope is essential for MS patients to recognize favorable genetically challenging conditions and develop a positive outlook on life. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Snyder’s Adult Hope Scale (AHS) in Iranian females with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all female patient members of the Iran MS Society of Tehran Province from November 2017 to August 2019. This study was used a convenience sampling method used to select a sample of 321 Iranian females with MS (age: 40.61 years, SD = 9.89). A series of questionnaires was administered to the participants, including sociodemographic data, hope (Snyder's Adult Hope Scale; AHS), anxiety and depression (Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and self-efficacy (General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE)). Through the analysis of psychometric features of the AHS, construct validity was determined via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability was determined via Cronbach's alpha, divergent validity was determined by examining the relationship between anxiety and depression, and convergent validity was determined using the General Self-efficacy Scale. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the data were well fit by a two-factor structure: sbX2 = 66.93 (P < 0.01); SRMR = 0.07; CFI = 0.91; NFI = 0.90; IFI = 0.92; PNFI = 0.61; GFI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.079. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the Adult Hope Scale (AHS) was calculated as much as 31.28 (4.58). There was a significant negative correlation between AHS with the Beck’s Depression Inventory (r = -0.51; P < 0.01) and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (r = -0.42; P < 0.01). Additionally, it was observed that there was a positive correlation between self-efficacy and AHS (r = -0.41; P < 0.01). Conclusions: According to the results, the 12-item AHS indicated good psychometric characteristics in assessing hope among Iranian females with MS. The AHS is one of the primary scales in assessing hope, which can be applied in clinical and research settings.
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Nickerson A, Byrow Y, O'Donnell M, Bryant RA, Mau V, McMahon T, Benson G, Liddell BJ. Cognitive mechanisms underlying the association between trauma exposure, mental health and social engagement in refugees: A longitudinal investigation. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:20-28. [PMID: 35341811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Refugees and asylum-seekers are at heightened risk for developing psychological symptoms following exposure to trauma and displacement. Despite this, relatively little is known about the cognitive mechanisms that underlie common mental disorders in refugees. METHODS In this study, we investigated the associations between self-efficacy, beliefs about others (relating to benevolence and trust) and psychological and social outcomes in 1079 refugees from Arabic, Farsi, Tamil or English-speaking backgrounds who were residing in Australia. Participants completed an online survey assessing exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), at baseline (T1), and self-efficacy, beliefs about others, PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, anger and social engagement at baseline (T1) and six months later (T2). RESULTS A path analysis revealed that greater PTE exposure was associated with lower self-efficacy and lower positive beliefs about others at T1. Self-efficacy at T1 was negatively associated with depression and anger at T2, while positive beliefs about others at T1 were positively associated with social engagement and greater depression symptoms at T2. LIMITATIONS Limitations of this study included the fact that the study sample was not necessarily representative of the broader refugee population, and in particular may have overrepresented those with higher education levels. CONCLUSIONS Findings point to the critical role that cognitive variables play in the maintenance of psychological symptoms in forcibly displaced persons, and highlight the importance of targeting these in psychological interventions to promote positive posttraumatic mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nickerson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yulisha Byrow
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Meaghan O'Donnell
- Phoenix Australia, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vicki Mau
- Australian Red Cross, North Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tadgh McMahon
- Settlement Services International, Ashfield, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Greg Benson
- Settlement Services International, Ashfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda J Liddell
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Di Corrado D, Muzii B, Magnano P, Coco M, La Paglia R, Maldonato NM. The Moderated Mediating Effect of Hope, Self-Efficacy and Resilience in the Relationship between Post-Traumatic Growth and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10061091. [PMID: 35742143 PMCID: PMC9222842 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major life trauma, COVID-19 had negative impacts on psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to test and verify the mediation of resilience, hope and self-efficacy and to analyze the moderating effect of gender and COVID-19 contagion on the association between symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression, and post-traumatic growth among adults during COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey with self-administered questionnaires. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, the Resilience Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Comprehensive State Hope Scale were used. A total of 493 (n = 262 female and n = 231 male) participated in the survey (Mage = 33.40 years, SD = 13.41, range = 20 to 60). A multiple mediation model was used to verify the mediating effect of resilience, hope and self-efficacy on the relationship between symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression, and PTG. A moderated mediation model was examined to find and test the moderated effects of gender and COVID-19 contagion on the mediation model. Results showed the indirect effects of anxiety (β = 0.340 (0.120); 95% CI [from 0.128 to 0.587]) and depression (β = 0.222 (0.095); 95% CI [0.048, 0.429]) on PTG trough resilience and hope. Symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression, and self-efficacy were significantly highest in females. Moreover, males and participants with COVID-19 contagion had significantly higher levels of resilience and post-traumatic growth. These findings suggest that hope and resilience, as protective factors, could be an important key to developing an intervention strategy to enhance and improve psychological health during a crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Di Corrado
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy; (P.M.); (R.L.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Benedetta Muzii
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paola Magnano
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy; (P.M.); (R.L.P.)
| | - Marinella Coco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosamaria La Paglia
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy; (P.M.); (R.L.P.)
| | - Nelson Mauro Maldonato
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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Lorenz T, Algner M, Binder B. A Positive Psychology Resource for Students? Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the 6 Minutes Diary in a Randomized Control Trial. Front Psychol 2022; 13:896741. [PMID: 35712162 PMCID: PMC9195423 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.896741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the 6 Minutes Journal (6MT), a commercial diary combining several positive psychology interventions, including gratitude, goal-setting, and self-affirmation exercises, on several mental health outcome measures. In a randomized controlled trial, university students (N = 157) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 6MT (n = 77) and a wait list control group (n = 80). Participants in the intervention group were instructed to follow the instructions of the 6MT for 4 weeks. Participants in both groups completed measures of perceived stress, positive and negative affect, self-efficacy and resilience at baseline, after 2 (t1), and 4 (t2) weeks. We used path-analyses with autoregressive and cross-lagged effects to test our hypotheses of the effects of the 6MT. Participants in the intervention group reported decreased levels of perceived stress and negative affect, as well as increased levels of resilience and self-efficacy compared to the control group. Positive affect was not statistically significantly influenced. The data showed a statistically significant increased levels of self-efficacy and resilience only after 4 weeks, suggesting that changing these constructs needs more time. The 6-minute diary does not appear to make individuals fundamentally more positive. However, the intervention may have a protective function against negative influences on well-being.
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