1
|
Iwahata H, Kim SY, Iwahata Y, Suzuki N, Woodruff TK. Thyroid hormone triiodothyronine does not protect ovarian reserve from DNA damage induced by X-ray and cisplatin. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:481-490. [PMID: 36805842 PMCID: PMC10033774 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer therapy can induce premature ovarian insufficiency, necessitating methods for preserving fertility in female cancer patients. However, the only accepted clinical practice for doing so is cryopreservation of embryos, unfertilized ova, and ovarian tissue, despite potential options such as in vitro maturation of follicles. Therefore, considerable interest has arisen in fertoprotective agents, with research on rat ovarian granulosa cells suggesting that triiodothyronine (T3) regulates an anti-apoptosis mechanism that protects the ovarian reserve from paclitaxel-induced DNA damage. In this study, we used postnatal day 5 mouse ovary to confirm the existence of T3 thyroid hormone receptor (THR), as well as to investigate the potential protective effects of T3 against cisplatin- and X-ray-induced apoptosis. We also tested the potential anti-apoptotic effect of T3 in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. METHODS We treated cultured mouse ovaries with varying concentration of T3 and 4 μM cisplatin and 0.2 Gy X-ray. Real-time PCR, histological analysis, immunoblot analysis, and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the potential anti-apoptotic effects of T3. RESULTS We confirmed that THR alpha and beta are expressed in the mouse ovary. T3 (0.1, 1, 10, 100 nM, and 1 µM) does not protect ovarian reserve from cisplatin- or X-ray-induced apoptosis or DNA damage. Similarly, it does not protect mouse granulosa cells and MDA-MB-231 cells from cisplatin- or X-ray-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that T3 is ineffective as a fertoprotective agent, and its candidacy as a potential agent to preserve fertility should be reconsidered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Iwahata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki Kanagawa, Japan
| | - So-Youn Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yuriko Iwahata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teresa K Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Díez JJ, Iglesias P. Prevalencia de diabetes en personas con disfunción tiroidea. Med Clin (Barc) 2022; 160:333-340. [PMID: 36528402 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and relative risk of diabetes in the population with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out using the Primary Care Clinical Database (BDCAP) of the Ministry of Health. Relative risks (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for type1 (T1D) and type2 (T2D) diabetes. RESULTS In the group of 2,596,041 hypothyroid patients, we found an OR of 1.77 (95%CI: 1.75-1.80) for T1D, and 1.77 (95%CI: 1.76-1.78) for T2D. This elevated risk was observed in both men and women. Hypothyroid people over 65years of age had a near neutral risk of T1D (0.96 [95%CI: 0.94-0.99]) and T2D (0.99 [95%CI: 0.98-0.99]). Hypothyroid patients receiving replacement therapy showed a higher risk of T1D (1.32 [95%CI: 1.28-1.36]) and T2D (1.23 [95%CI: 1.22-1.24]) compared to untreated hypothyroid patients. In the group of 418,772 people with hyperthyroidism, an increased risk of T1D (1.66 [95%CI: 1.60-1.72]) and T2D (1.71 [95%CI: 1.70-1.73]) was also noticed. This risk was observed in both sexes. Those over 65years of age did not present a high risk of T1D (0.89 [95%CI: 0.83-0.95]) and their risk of T2D was close to neutrality (1.03 [95%CI: 1.02-1.05]). Hyperthyroid patients treated with antithyroid agents had a higher risk of T1D (1.26 [95%CI: 1.14-1.40]) and T2D (1.32 [95%CI: 1.28-1.36]) than those without therapy. CONCLUSION People registered in BDCAP of both sexes, under 65years of age, with thyroid dysfunction have an increased risk of suffering from diabetes, especially those on thyroid medication.
Collapse
|
3
|
Katz LS, Argmann C, Lambertini L, Scott DK. T3 and glucose increase expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) leading to increased β-cell proliferation. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101646. [PMID: 36455788 PMCID: PMC9731891 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thyroid hormone (T3) and high glucose concentrations are critical components of β-cell maturation and function. In the present study, we asked whether T3 and glucose signaling pathways coordinately regulate transcription of genes important for β-cell function and proliferation. METHODS RNA-seq analysis was performed on cadaveric human islets from five different donors in response to low and high glucose concentrations and in the presence or absence of T3. Gene expression was also studies in sorted human β-cells, mouse islets and Ins-1 cells by RT-qPCR. Silencing of the thyroid hormone receptors (THR) was conducted using lentiviruses. Proliferation was assessed by ki67 immunostaining in primary human/mouse islets. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay were preformed to validate interactions of ChREBP and THR. RESULTS We found glucose-mediated expression of carbohydrate response element binding protein alpha and beta (ChREBPα and ChREBPβ) mRNAs and their target genes are highly dependent on T3 concentrations in rodent and human β-cells. In β-cells, T3 and glucose coordinately regulate the expression of ChREBPβ and PCK1 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1) among other important genes for β-cell maturation. Additionally, we show the thyroid hormone receptor (THR) and ChREBP interact, and their relative response elements are located near to each other on mutually responsive genes. In FACS-sorted adult human β-cells, we found that high concentrations of glucose and T3 induced the expression of PCK1. Next, we show that overexpression of Pck1 together with dimethyl malate (DMM), a substrate precursor, significantly increased β-cell proliferation in human islets. Finally, using a Cre-Lox approach, we demonstrated that ChREBPβ contributes to Pck1-dependent β-cell proliferation in mouse β-cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that T3 and glucose act together to regulate ChREBPβ, leading to increased expression and activity of Pck1, and ultimately increased β-cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liora S Katz
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald K Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang C, Bai L, Sun K, Ding G, Liu X, Wu Y, Huang H. Association of maternal triglyceride responses to thyroid function in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032705. [PMID: 36518243 PMCID: PMC9742591 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is increasing globally, and high levels of triglyceride (TG) and low levels of free thyroxine (FT4) in early pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of GDM; however, the interaction and mediation effects remain unknown. The aim of the present study is to examine the impact of FT4 and TG combined effects on the prevalence of GDM and the corresponding casual paths among women in early pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprised 40,156 pregnant women for whom early pregnancy thyroid hormones, fasting blood glucose as well as triglyceride were available. GDM was diagnosed using a 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to the American Diabetes Association guidelines, and the pregnant women were grouped and compared according to the results. RESULTS An L-shaped association between FT4 and GDM was observed. The prevalence of GDM increased with increasing TG levels. After accounting for multiple covariables, the highest risk for GDM was found among pregnant women of lower FT4 with the highest TG concentrations (odds ratio, 2.44, 95% CI, 2.14 to 2.80; P<0.001) compared with mothers of higher FT4 with the TG levels in the lowest quartile (Q1). There was a significant interaction effect of maternal FT4 and TG levels on the risk for GDM (P for interaction = 0.036). The estimated proportion of the mediating effect of maternal TG levels was 21.3% (95% CI, 15.6% to 36.0%; P < 0.001). In the sensitivity analysis, the mediating effect of TG levels was stable across subgroups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an L-shaped association between maternal FT4 levels and GDM and the benefit of low TG levels, in which maternal TG levels act as an important mediator in this association. Our findings suggested that pregnant women who treat hypothyroidism should also reduce triglycerides levels in early pregnancy to prevent GDM development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilian Bai
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolian Ding
- Institute of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- Institute of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Institute of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hefeng Huang, ; Yanting Wu,
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hefeng Huang, ; Yanting Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Guo F, Maraka S, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Korevaar TIM, Fan J. Associations between Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Maternal Free Thyroxine, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Thyroid 2021; 31:1282-1288. [PMID: 33619987 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a marker of placental function, which also stimulates the maternal thyroid gland. Maternal thyroid function can be associated with the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to study whether there is an association of hCG concentrations in early pregnancy with GDM and whether it is mediated through maternal thyroid hormones. Methods: This study included 18,683 pregnant women presenting at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China, between January 2015 and December 2016. GDM was diagnosed using a 2-hour, 75-g, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to the American Diabetes Association guidelines. Multivariable logistic or linear regression models were used to identify associations, adjusting for maternal age, education level, family history of diabetes, parity, fetal sex, thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) status, and prepregnancy body-mass index. Results: Higher hCG concentrations were associated with a lower plasma glucose level during the OGTT, but not with fasting plasma glucose or hemoglobin A1c concentrations tested during early pregnancy. hCG in early pregnancy was negatively associated with GDM risk (p = 0.027). Mediation analysis identified that an estimated 21.4% of the association of hCG-associated GDM risk was mediated through changes in free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations (p < 0.05). In the sensitivity analysis restricted to TPOAb-positive women, hCG was not associated with GDM (p = 0.452). Conclusions: Higher hCG levels in early pregnancy are associated with a lower risk of GDM. Maternal fT4 may act as an important mediator in this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yindi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Spyridoula Maraka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit in Endocrinology (KER_Endo), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jianxia Fan
- Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The present review traces the road leading to discovery of L-thyroxine, thyroid hormone (3,5,3´-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3) and its cognate nuclear receptors. Thyroid hormone is a pleio-tropic regulator of growth, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis in higher organisms. The major site of the thyroid hormone action is predominantly a cell nucleus. T3 specific binding sites in the cell nuclei have opened a new era in the field of the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) discovery. T3 actions are mediated by high affinity nuclear TRs, TRalpha and TRbeta, which function as T3-activated transcription factors playing an essential role as transcription-modulating proteins affecting the transcriptional responses in target genes. Discovery and characterization of nuclear retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which form with TRs a heterodimer RXR/TR, positioned RXRs at the epicenter of molecular endocrinology. Transcriptional control via nuclear RXR/TR heterodimer represents a direct action of thyroid hormone. T3 plays a crucial role in the development of brain, it exerts significant effects on the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle contractile function, bone development and growth, both female and male reproductive systems, and skin. It plays an important role in maintaining the hepatic, kidney and intestine homeostasis and in pancreas, it stimulates the beta-cell proliferation and survival. The TRs cross-talk with other signaling pathways intensifies the T3 action at cellular level. The role of thyroid hormone in human cancers, acting via its cognate nuclear receptors, has not been fully elucidated yet. This review is aimed to describe the history of T3 receptors, starting from discovery of T3 binding sites in the cell nuclei to revelation of T3 receptors as T3-inducible transcription factors in relation to T3 action at cellular level. It also focuses on milestones of investigation, comprising RXR/TR dimerization, cross-talk between T3 receptors, and other regulatory pathways within the cell and mainly on genomic action of T3. This review also focuses on novel directions of investigation on relationships between T3 receptors and cancer. Based on the update of available literature and the author's experimental experience, it is devoted to clinicians and medical students.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chuang TJ, Lin JD, Wu CZ, Ku HC, Liao CC, Yeh CJ, Pei D, Chen YL. The relationships between thyroid-stimulating hormone level and insulin resistance, glucose effectiveness, first- and second-phase insulin secretion in Chinese populations. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25707. [PMID: 34106595 PMCID: PMC8133064 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased insulin resistance (IR); decreased glucose effectiveness (GE); and both first-and second phase of insulin secretion (FPIS, SPIS) have always been important factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the relationships between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and these 4 factors in adult Chinese. We randomly enrolled 24,407 men and 24,889 women between 30 and 59 years old. IR, FPIS, SPIS and GE were measured with the equations built by our group. IR = log (1.439 + 0.018 × sex - 0.003 × age + 0.029 × BMI - 0.001 × SBP + 0.006 × DBP + 0.049 × TG - 0.046 × HDLC - 0.0116 × FPG) × 10 3.333. FPIS = 10 [1.477 - 0.119 × FPG + 0.079 × BMI - 0.523 × HDLC]. SPIS = 10 [-2.4 - 0.088 × FPG + 0.072 × BMI]. GE = (29.196 - 0.103 × age - 2.722 × TG - 0.592 × FPG) ×10 −3. The t test was performed to evaluate the differences between normal and diabetic groups. To evaluate the differences of the mean values of the 4 groups, from the highest to the lowest levels of TSH, we used a one-way analysis of variance. Age, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and GE were higher in women. On the other hand, body mass index, blood pressure, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, FPIS, SPIS and IR were higher in men. TSH was positively related to IR, FPIS, and SPIS and negatively related to GE. According to the r values, the tightest relationship was between TSH and IR, followed by GE, FPIS and SPIS. In conclusion, our data showed that IR, FPIS, and SPIS were positively related to the TSH level in middle-aged Chinese, whereas GE was negatively related. In both genders, IR had the tightest association followed by GE, FPIS, and SPIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ju Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Jiunn-Diann Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital
| | - Chung-Ze Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Chun Ku
- Department and Institute of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City
| | - Chun-Cheng Liao
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Chih-Jung Yeh
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Dee Pei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, School of Medicine, New Taipei City
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, School of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kocatürk E, Kar E, Küskü Kiraz Z, Alataş Ö. Insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell dysfunction are associated with thyroid hormone functions: A cross-sectional hospital-based study in Turkey. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:2147-2151. [PMID: 33395774 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prevalence of thyroid disease in diabetic patients is significantly higher than the general population. This indicates a possible interaction between thyroid functions and insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance (IR), pancreatic β cell function, and thyroid function tests. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with adults who applied to Eskişehir Osmangazi University Hospital for general control. Fasting insulin, glucose, TSH, fT3, and fT4 levels in the serum of 1340 adult (18-60 aged) patients without any chronic diseases were examined retrospectively. The fT3/fT4 ratio, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and HOMA-β values were calculated. The correlation between HOMA-IR and HOMA-β values with thyroid function tests and differences between hormone levels of patients with and without IR were evaluated. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between HOMA-IR and TSH, negative with fT4. Also, a positive correlation between HOMA-β and fT3, negative correlation with fT4 were observed. In the IR group, fT3 levels were found significantly higher and fT4 levels were significantly lower. TSH levels were higher in the IR group but not statistically significant. The fT3/fT4 ratio was found significantly higher in the IR group and was correlated positively with both HOMA-IR and HOMA-β. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that thyroid dysfunction prevalence is quite high in adults who have not yet been diagnosed with diabetes but have insulin resistance and the onset of pancreatic β cell dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evin Kocatürk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Ezgi Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Küskü Kiraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Özkan Alataş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karmaniolou I, Lamprou K, Staikou C, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Theodoraki K, Papalois A, Mylonas A, Orfanos N, Smyrniotis V, Arkadopoulos N. Effect of Triiodothyronine Administration on the Kidney During Haemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2020; 48:406-413. [PMID: 33103146 PMCID: PMC7556640 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2019.81542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Apoptosis, measured via caspase activity, can be used to assess renal tissue damage in haemorrhagic shock. We investigated whether Triiodothyronine could attenuate apoptosis and protect against haemorrhagic shock-induced renal injury. Methods Haemorrhagic shock was induced in swine until the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 35–40 mmHg for 40 minutes. Animals were randomly assigned to a control group (n=5), Group-F (Fluid resuscitation, n=6), and Group-T3 (Fluid plus Triiodothyronine, n=6). The swine were resuscitated for 1 hour aiming to MAP restoration (±10% from baseline) and were followed up for another 360 minutes. Haemodynamic parameters, fluids, acid-base status, plasma urea nitrogen, creatinine levels and caspase activity in the kidney were measured. Results Haemodynamic parameters did not differ significantly amongst the three groups. Group-T3 required less normal saline (Group-T3: 1083±204 mL versus F: 2500±547 mL, p=0.001) and hydroxyethyl starch (Group-T3: 558±102 mL versus F: 916±204 mL, p=0.004) during resuscitation. Additionally, Group-T3 swine experienced less acidosis following haemorrhage/resuscitation with a pH of 7.39 versus a pH of 7.26 in Group-F (p=0.004) at 360 minutes. Urea remained within normal limits in all groups, but creatinine levels were elevated at 6 hours in Group-F as compared to Group-T3 (p=0.019). Apoptosis, assessed by renal caspase-3 activity, was increased in Group-T3 (132±174 pmol minute−1 g−1) and reduced in Group-F (32±18 pmol minute−1 g−1) as compared to the control group, but without statistical significance (p=0.245 between Group-T3 and Group-F). Conclusion Administration of Triiodothyronine in a swine model of haemorrhagic shock seems to interfere with renal cell apoptosis. The exact mechanism needs to be further investigated in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iosifina Karmaniolou
- Department of Anaesthesia, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Lamprou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Chryssoula Staikou
- 1 Department of Anaesthesia, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kassiani Theodoraki
- 1 Department of Anaesthesia, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasios Mylonas
- 4 Department of Surgery, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Orfanos
- 4 Department of Surgery, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Vassilios Smyrniotis
- 4 Department of Surgery, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Arkadopoulos
- 4 Department of Surgery, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zahedi M, Kazemian E, Ramezani-Tehrani F, Tohidi M, Azizi F, Khalili D, Rahmati M, Amouzegar A. Assessment of the simultaneous effect of hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity with gestational diabetes on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:150. [PMID: 32998711 PMCID: PMC7528385 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the evidence available on the adverse impact of gestational diabetes (GDM) and thyroid disorders on developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the concurrent influence of these disorders on the incidence of T2DM has not been reported yet. METHODS In this prospective study, 1894 non-diabetic women aged 20 to 60 years, with a history of at least one term delivery, without diagnosed hyperthyroidism were selected at the initiation of the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS). Pooled logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of GDM, thyroid disorders i.e., hypothyroidism and/or thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity and interaction between GDM and thyroid disorders with the risk of incident T2DM. RESULTS Of the 1894 participants of the present study, 346 (18.3%) had a history of GDM, and 832 (43.9%) had thyroid disorders. The total cumulative incidence rate of T2DM at the median follow-up time of ~ 12 years was overall 12/1000 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI): 10/1000-13/1000), with an incidence rate of 16/1000 (95%CI: 13/1000-20/1000) in women with GDM; and 11/100,000 (95%CI: 9/100,000-12/1000) among those without GDM. After adjustment for age, the risk of incident T2DM increased among individuals with the previous GDM compared to women without a history of GDM (odds ratio (OR): 1.54, 95%CI: 1.06, 2.25). No significant associations were found between either thyroid disorders or the interaction between GDM and thyroid disorders with the development of T2DM; (OR: 1.14, 95%CI: 0.82, 1.58) and (OR: 1.27, 95%CI: 0.66, 2.43), respectively. CONCLUSION GDM and thyroid disorders have no concurrent impacts on the incidence of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zahedi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemian
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani-Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Tohidi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahmati
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ding YY, Wang FF, Jiang YG, Sheng YJ, Jiang MQ, Zhu X, Shi YH, Le GW. Dityrosine suppresses the cytoprotective action of thyroid hormone T3 via inhibiting thyroid hormone receptor-mediated transcriptional activation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21057-21070. [PMID: 35518765 PMCID: PMC9054395 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dityrosine (Dityr) is the most common oxidized form of tyrosine. In the previous studies of mice treated with dityrosine, cell death in the pancreas, kidneys, and liver was detected in the presence of enhanced plasma triiodothyronine (T3) content. Due to its structural similarity with the thyroid hormone T3, we hypothesized that dityrosine might disrupt T3-dependent endocrine signaling. The cytotoxic effect of dityrosine was studied in C57BL/6 mice by gavage with a dityrosine dose of 320 μg per kg per day for 10 weeks. Cell death in the liver was detected in the presence of enhanced plasma thyroid hormone content in mice treated with dityrosine. The antagonistic effect of dityrosine on T3 biofunction was studied using HepG2 cells. Dityrosine incubation reduced T3 transport ability and attenuated the T3-mediated cell survival via regulation of the PI3k/Akt/MAPK pathway. Furthermore, dityrosine inhibited T3 binding to thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and suppressed the TR-mediated transcription. Dityrosine also downregulated the expressions of T3 action-related factors. Taken together, this study demonstrates that dityrosine inhibits T3-dependent cytoprotection by competitive inhibition, resulting in downstream gene suppression. Our findings offer insights into how dityrosine acts as an antagonist of T3. These findings shed new light on cellular processes underlying the energy metabolism disorder caused by dietary oxidized protein, thus contributing to a better understanding of the diet-health axis at a cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yi Ding
- Collage of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University No.18, Xuezheng Street Hangzhou 310018 China +86 571-28877777 +86 571-28877777
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Fang-Fang Wang
- School of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276000 China
| | - Yu-Ge Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- Center of Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Yi-Jing Sheng
- Collage of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University No.18, Xuezheng Street Hangzhou 310018 China +86 571-28877777 +86 571-28877777
| | - Meng-Qi Jiang
- Collage of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University No.18, Xuezheng Street Hangzhou 310018 China +86 571-28877777 +86 571-28877777
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Collage of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University No.18, Xuezheng Street Hangzhou 310018 China +86 571-28877777 +86 571-28877777
| | - Yong-Hui Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- Center of Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Guo-Wei Le
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- Center of Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Q, Lu M, Wang NJ, Chen Y, Chen YC, Han B, Li Q, Xia FZ, Jiang BR, Zhai HL, Lin DP, Lu YL. Relationship between Free Thyroxine and Islet Beta-cell Function in Euthyroid Subjects. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:69-77. [PMID: 32166667 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones have a specific effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion from the pancreas. We aimed to investigate the association between euthyroid hormones and islet beta-cell function in general population and non-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A total of 5089 euthyroid participants (including 4601 general population and 488 non-treated T2DM patients) were identified from a cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of metabolic diseases and risk factors in East China from February 2014 to June 2016. Anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters, and thyroid hormones were measured. Compared with general population, non-treated T2DM patients exhibited higher total thyroxine (TT4) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels but lower ratio of free triiodothyronine (T3):T4 (P<0.01). HOMA-β had prominently negative correlation with FT4 and positive relationship with free T3:T4 in both groups even after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI) and smoking. When analyzed by quartiles of FT4 or free T3:T4, there were significantly decreased trend of HOMA-β going with the higher FT4 and lower free T3:T4 in both groups. Linear regression analysis showed that FT4 but not FT3 and free T3:T4 was negatively associated with HOMA-β no matter in general population or T2DM patients, which was independent of age, BMI, smoking, hypertension and lipid profiles. FT4 is independently and negatively associated with islet beta-cell function in euthyroid subjects. Thyroid hormone even in reference range could play an important role in the function of pancreatic islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ning-Jian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ying-Chao Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Fang-Zhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bo-Ren Jiang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hua-Ling Zhai
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Dong-Ping Lin
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ying-Li Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qin K, Zhang F, Wu Q, Liu Z, Huang Y, Tan J, Zhou Y, An Z, Li S, Li S. Thyroid Hormone Changes in Euthyroid Patients with Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2533-2540. [PMID: 32765032 PMCID: PMC7371990 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s260039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid dysfunction is associated with diabetes, but it is unclear if the thyroid hormone levels change in euthyroid adults with diabetes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between thyroid hormone levels and diabetes in euthyroid adults. METHODS Among the euthyroid adults who underwent health examination in West China Hospital of Sichuan University in 2016, patients with diabetes were identified according to the medical history, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. Age and sex matched controls were identified from the population. The patients with diabetes group was further divided into two subgroups: patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD) and with previously diagnosed diabetes (PDD). Independent t-test and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the difference in the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and the ratio of FT4/FT3 between groups. RESULTS We included 32,557 participants, 2,271 with diabetes. Compared to the adults without diabetes, the odds ratios (ORs) per one unit elevation of TSH, FT4, FT4/FT3 ratio and FT3 in patients with diabetes were 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82-0.95], 1.11 (95% CI: 1.08-1.14), 2.05 (95% CI: 1.81-2.32) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78-0.93), respectively. Compared to the NDD group, the ORs per one unit elevation of TSH, FT4, FT4/FT3 ratio and FT3 of the PDD group were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.71-0.92), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04-1.12), 1.76 (95% CI: 1.49-2.08) and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.92-1.12), respectively. CONCLUSION In euthyroid adults, diabetes was associated with increased FT4/FT3 ratio, which is linked to the peripheral turnover of the thyroid hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Qin
- Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Wu
- Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenrong Liu
- Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Tan
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center CREAT Group, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiling Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Shuangqing Li General Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 18980601354 Email
| | - Sheyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Cochrane China Center and MAGIC China Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Medical Information Technology, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Sheyu Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13194874843 Email
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim SW, Jeon JH, Moon JS, Jeon EJ, Kim MK, Lee IK, Seo JB, Park KG. Low-Normal Free Thyroxine Levels in Euthyroid Male Are Associated with Prediabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:718-726. [PMID: 30968614 PMCID: PMC6834837 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal thyroid function is associated with impaired glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to determine whether free thyroxine (FT4) influences the prevalence of prediabetes in euthyroid subjects using a cross-sectional survey derived from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted between 2013 and 2015. We studied 2,399 male participants of >20 years of age who were euthyroid and non-diabetic. Prediabetic participants had lower FT4 concentrations than those without prediabetes, but their thyrotropin concentrations were similar. We stratified the population into tertiles according to FT4 concentration. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels significantly decreased with increasing FT4 tertile, whereas fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were not associated with FT4 tertiles (HbA1c, P<0.01 in T3 vs. T1; FPG, P=0.489 in T3 vs. T1). The prevalence of prediabetes was significantly higher in T1 (odds ratio, 1.426; 95% confidence interval, 1.126 to 1.806; P<0.01) than in T3. In conclusion, subjects with low-normal serum FT4 had high HbA1c and were more likely to have prediabetes. These results suggest that low FT4 concentration is a risk factor for prediabetes in male, even when thyroid function is within the normal range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eon Ju Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Beom Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Keun Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Vries TI, Kappelle LJ, van der Graaf Y, de Valk HW, de Borst GJ, Nathoe HM, Visseren FLJ, Westerink J. Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in the normal range and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:431-440. [PMID: 30259116 PMCID: PMC6420678 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the normal range and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a cohort of patients at high cardiovascular risk, and to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of previous studies. METHODS We included 5542 patients without T2DM from the prospective Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial disease study with TSH levels between 0.35 and 5.0 mIU/L without anti-thyroid medication or thyroid-hormone replacement therapy. Cox regression was used to investigate the relationship between baseline plasma TSH levels and incident T2DM. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched for prospective cohorts assessing TSH and incident T2DM. Hazard ratios (HR) from included prospective cohort studies were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS In patients at high cardiovascular risk, higher plasma TSH levels in the normal range were not associated [HR 1.07 per mIU/L increase in TSH (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.95-1.22)] with an increased risk of T2DM, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, total and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. In the meta-analysis involving three prospective cohort studies, including the present study, including 29,791 participants with 1930 incident events, there was no relation between plasma TSH levels in the normal range and incident T2DM [pooled HR 1.06 (95% CI 0.99-1.14)]. CONCLUSION There is no apparent relation between plasma TSH levels in the normal range and incident T2DM in patients at high cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T I de Vries
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L J Kappelle
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y van der Graaf
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H W de Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H M Nathoe
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Westerink
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tang X, Yu R, Zhou Q, Jiang S, Le G. Protective effects of γ-aminobutyric acid against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress in RIN-m5F pancreatic cells. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:60. [PMID: 30202421 PMCID: PMC6122738 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and reported to maintain the redox homeostasis and insulin secretion function of pancreatic β cells. This study tested the hypothesis that GABA maintains cellular redox status, and modulates glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and antioxidant-related nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear mass ratio in the H2O2-injured RINm5F cells. Methods RINm5F cells were treated with/without GABA (50, 100 and 200 μmol/L) for 48 h and then exposed to 100 μmol/L H2O2 for 30 min. Viable cells were harvested, and dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) level; cellular redox status and insulin secretion were measured; cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by flow cytometry; relative genes levels were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); western blotting was used to determine protein expression of GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β (Ser9), and nuclear and cytoplasmic NRF2. Results H2O2 increased ROS production, and induced adverse affects in relation to antioxidant defense systems and insulin secretion. These changes were restored by treatment with 100 and 200 μmol/L GABA. In addition, 100 or 200 μmol/L GABA induced membrane depolarization and increased cell viability. These effects were mediated by Caspase-3, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression. Western blotting indicated that GABA inhibited GSK-3β by increasing p-GSK-3β (Ser9) level, and directed the transcription factor NRF2 to the nucleus. Conclusion In rat insulin-producing RINm5F cells, GABA exerts its protective effect by regulating GSK-3β and NRF2, which governs redox homeostasis by inhibiting apoptosis and abnormal insulin secretion by exposure to H2O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China.,3School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- 2The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002 Jiangsu China
| | - Qin Zhou
- 2The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002 Jiangsu China
| | - Shanyu Jiang
- 2The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002 Jiangsu China
| | - Guowei Le
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China.,3School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lehmphul I, Hoefig CS, Köhrle J. 3-Iodothyronamine reduces insulin secretion in vitro via a mitochondrial mechanism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:219-228. [PMID: 28754352 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM), a decarboxylated and deiodinated thyroid hormone metabolite, leads at pharmacological doses to hypoinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia and hyperglycemia in vivo. As the pancreatic Langerhans islets express thyroid hormone transmembrane transporters (THTT), we tested the hypothesis that not only plasma membrane-mediated 3-T1AM binding to and activation of G-protein coupled receptors, but also 3-T1AM metabolite(s) generated by 3-T1AM uptake and metabolism might decrease glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). METHODS Murine pancreatic β-cells MIN6 were characterized for gene expression of THTT, deiodinases and monoamine oxidases. 3-T1AM uptake and intracellular metabolism to the corresponding 3-iodothyroacetic acid were analysed by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at different time points in cells as well as the conditioned medium. Mitochondrial activity, especially ATP-production, was monitored real-time after 3-T1AM application using Seahorse Bioanalyzer technique. Effect of 3-T1AM on GSIS into the culture medium was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS MIN6 cells express classical THTT, proposed to transport 3-T1AM, as well as 3-T1AM metabolizing enzymes comparable to murine primary pancreatic islets. 3-T1AM accumulates in MIN6 cells and is metabolized by intracellular MaoB to 3-iodothyroacetic, which in turn is rapidly exported. 3-T1AM decreases mitochondrial ATP-production concentration dependently. GSIS is diminished by 3-T1AM treatment. Using LC-MS/MS, no further 3-T1AM metabolites except 3-iodothyroacetic were detectable. CONCLUSIONS This data provides a first link between cellular 3-T1AM uptake and regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in ß-cells, resulting in reduced insulin secretion. We conclude that MIN6 is an appropriate cell model to study 3-T1AM-dependent (intra-)cellular biochemical mechanisms affecting insulin production in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Lehmphul
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin S Hoefig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen C, Xie Z, Shen Y, Xia SF. The Roles of Thyroid and Thyroid Hormone in Pancreas: Physiology and Pathology. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2861034. [PMID: 30013597 PMCID: PMC6022313 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2861034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that thyroid hormones (THs), secreted from the thyroid, play important roles in energy metabolism. It is also known that THs also alter the functioning of other endocrine glands; however, their effects on pancreatic function have not yet been reviewed. One of the main functions of the pancreas is insulin secretion, which is altered in diabetes. Diabetes, therefore, could be related to thyroid dysfunction. Earlier research on this subject focused on TH regulation of pancreas function (such as insulin secretion) or on insulin function through TH-mediated increase of energy metabolism. Afterwards, epidemiological investigations and animal test research found a link between autoimmune diseases, thyroid dysfunction, and pancreas pathology; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that THs also play important roles in pancreas development and on islet pathology, both in diabetes and in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, an overview of the effects of thyroid and THs on pancreas physiology and pathology is presented. The topics contained in this review include a summary of the relationship between autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune pancreas lesions and the effects of THs on pancreas development and pancreas pathology (diabetes and pancreatic cancer).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Avenue 475004, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yingbin Shen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Fang Xia
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Weingarten C, Jenudi Y, Tshuva RY, Moskovich D, Alfandari A, Hercbergs A, Davis PJ, Ellis M, Ashur-Fabian O. The Interplay Between Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and the Thyroid Hormones-αvβ3 Axis in Ovarian Cancer. Discov Oncol 2017; 9:22-32. [PMID: 29260382 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly metastatic disease. The metastatic potential is enhanced by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in which αvβ3 integrin plays a role. Thyroid hormones (L-thyroxine, T4, and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3) bind this integrin, and we hypothesized that the thyroid hormone-αvβ3 axis may be involved in EMT activity in ovarian cancer. The transcription (mRNA), protein abundance (westerns), and protein localization (fluorescence microscopy) of several EMT markers were studied in ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3, A2780, and SKOV-3) treated with 1 nM T3 or 100 nM T4 for 1-24 h. The protein levels of β-catenin, and its downstream targets, zeb-1, slug, and vimentin, were significantly induced by both hormones, while the effect on transcription was limited. The pre-incubation of the cells overnight with two integrin inhibitors, RGD (0.1-10 μM) or αvβ3 blocking antibody (1-100 ng/mL), prevented the induction of β-catenin by T3 and zeb-1 by T4, indicating direct integrin involvement. The transcription of the mesenchymal markers, β-catenin, zeb-1, slug/snail, vimentin, and n-cadherin was hardly affected by T3 and T4, while that of the epithelial markers, e-cadherin and zo-1, was inhibited. Our results suggest a novel role for the thyroid hormone-αvβ3 axis in EMT, with possible implications for ovarian cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Weingarten
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Jenudi
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rami Yair Tshuva
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Dotan Moskovich
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Alfandari
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Paul J Davis
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Martin Ellis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Tchernichovsky 59, 6997801, Kfar Saba, Israel. .,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Goemann IM, Romitti M, Meyer ELS, Wajner SM, Maia AL. Role of thyroid hormones in the neoplastic process: an overview. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R367-R385. [PMID: 28928142 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are critical regulators of several physiological processes, which include development, differentiation and growth in virtually all tissues. In past decades, several studies have shown that changes in TH levels caused by thyroid dysfunction, disruption of deiodinases and/or thyroid hormone receptor (TR) expression in tumor cells, influence cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and invasion in a variety of neoplasms in a cell type-specific manner. The function of THs and TRs in neoplastic cell proliferation involves complex mechanisms that seem to be cell specific, exerting effects via genomic and nongenomic pathways, repressing or stimulating transcription factors, influencing angiogenesis and promoting invasiveness. Taken together, these observations indicate an important role of TH status in the pathogenesis and/or development of human neoplasia. Here, we aim to present an updated and comprehensive picture of the accumulated knowledge and the current understanding of the potential role of TH status on the different hallmarks of the neoplastic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Martin Goemann
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Romitti
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erika L Souza Meyer
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Maia
- Thyroid SectionEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shinderman-Maman E, Weingarten C, Moskovich D, Werner H, Hercbergs A, Davis PJ, Ellis M, Ashur-Fabian O. Molecular insights into the transcriptional regulatory role of thyroid hormones in ovarian cancer. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:97-105. [PMID: 28891089 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cancer-relevant genes by the thyroid hormones, 3, 5, 3'-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4), was recently acknowledged. However, limited data exists on the hormonal effects on gene expression in ovarian cancer, a gynecological malignancy associated with a low cure rate. The expression of fifteen genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumor suppression was evaluated in OVCAR-3 and A2780 cell lines, using real-time PCR following short incubation with T3 (1 nM) or T4 (100 nM). The thyroid hormones downregulated the expression of the majority of genes examined. Support for the involvement of the MAPK and PI3K in thyroid hormone-mediated gene expression was shown for a set of genes. FAS expression was inhibited in A2780 cells, while an unexpected induction was demonstrated in OVCAR-3 cells. An analogous effect on the protein levels of FAS receptor and its soluble form was demonstrated by Western blotting. We further established, using primer sets that discriminate between the different RNA isoforms, that the hormones increase the mRNA levels of both coding and non-coding FAS mRNAs. The prevalence of these isoforms, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis, was significantly more abundant in 17 cancer types, including ovarian cancer, compared to normal tissues. Our results highlight the role of thyroid hormones in the expression of cancer-relevant-genes in ovarian cancer and provide an important insight into the pathways by which mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects are exerted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shinderman-Maman
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Weingarten
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dotan Moskovich
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Paul J Davis
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Martin Ellis
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jun JE, Kim TH, Lee SE, Lee YB, Jee JH, Bae JC, Jin SM, Hur KY, Kim JH, Kim SW, Chung JH, Min YK, Lee MK. Hormetic effect of triiodothyronine in metabolically healthy obese persons. Endocrine 2017; 57:418-427. [PMID: 28726184 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolically healthy obese is the designation for a subgroup of obese individuals with normal metabolic features. However, metabolically healthy obese individuals are prone to developing metabolic syndrome. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) levels are associated with various metabolic risk factors including obesity. Therefore, this longitudinal study aimed to explore the possible correlation between serum T3 concentration and the onset of MetS in metabolically healthy obese persons. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 992 euthyroid metabolically healthy obese subjects who underwent yearly health checkups over 6 years was performed. The risk of developing MetS was analyzed according to baseline T3 concentration, as both tertiles and continuous values, using Cox regression analysis. Serum T3 concentration at the end of the study was further analyzed according to the final metabolic phenotype. RESULTS The incidence of MetS was 464 cases (46.8%) during a median 3.3 years of follow-up (3168.2 person-years). The hazard ratio for incident MetS enhanced with increasing T3 concentration in both the crude and adjusted models. Higher baseline serum T3 levels were associated with unfavorable metabolic parameters. However, over the course of the study, serum T3 concentration significantly increased in subjects who sustained metabolically healthy phenotypes compared to baseline value, while it significantly decreased in the subjects who developed MetS. CONCLUSIONS Serum T3 concentrations exhibit distinct associations with development of metabolic syndrome in euthyroid metabolically healthy obese persons, but its increment during follow-up maintained metabolically healthy state. These findings suggest that serum T3 modulation might be an adaptive process to protect against metabolic deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Jun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Jee
- Department of Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Cheol Bae
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim HJ, Bae JC, Park HK, Byun DW, Suh K, Yoo MH, Jae Hwan J, Kim JH, Min YK, Kim SW, Chung JH. Association of triiodothyronine levels with future development of metabolic syndrome in euthyroid middle-aged subjects: a 6-year retrospective longitudinal study. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:443-452. [PMID: 28100631 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cross-sectional studies have reported that thyroid hormone levels are associated with cardiovascular risk markers and metabolic syndrome (MetS) even in euthyroid subjects. However, the prognostic role of serum thyroid hormone levels in the risk of incident MetS has not been elucidated. AIM We aimed to investigate the associations of baseline serum thyroid hormone levels with the development of MetS in healthy subjects. METHODS This 6-year, cross-sectional, longitudinal and follow-up study was conducted in 12 037 euthyroid middle-aged subjects without MetS subjected to comprehensive health examinations. Subjects were grouped according to total triiodothyronine (T3) quartiles. The hazard ratio (HR) for the development of MetS according to T3 quartiles was estimated using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS During the 6-year period, 3544 incident cases of MetS (29%) were identified. The proportion of subjects with incident MetS increased across the T3 quartiles (P for trend <0.001). The HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the development of MetS were significantly higher in the highest T3 quartile compared with the lowest T3 quartile even after adjusting for confounding variables including gender, age and smoking (HR: 1.238, 95% CI: 1.128-1.358, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In euthyroid middle-aged subjects, serum T3 levels are associated with increased risk for future development of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Cheol Bae
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, Changwon Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hyeong Kyu Park
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Won Byun
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoil Suh
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hi Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Jae Hwan
- Department of Health Promotion CenterSamsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Min
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Harris SE, De Blasio MJ, Davis MA, Kelly AC, Davenport HM, Wooding FBP, Blache D, Meredith D, Anderson M, Fowden AL, Limesand SW, Forhead AJ. Hypothyroidism in utero stimulates pancreatic beta cell proliferation and hyperinsulinaemia in the ovine fetus during late gestation. J Physiol 2017; 595:3331-3343. [PMID: 28144955 PMCID: PMC5451716 DOI: 10.1113/jp273555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Thyroid hormones are important regulators of growth and maturation before birth, although the extent to which their actions are mediated by insulin and the development of pancreatic beta cell mass is unknown. Hypothyroidism in fetal sheep induced by removal of the thyroid gland caused asymmetric organ growth, increased pancreatic beta cell mass and proliferation, and was associated with increased circulating concentrations of insulin and leptin. In isolated fetal sheep islets studied in vitro, thyroid hormones inhibited beta cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner, while high concentrations of insulin and leptin stimulated proliferation. The developing pancreatic beta cell is therefore sensitive to thyroid hormone, insulin and leptin before birth, with possible consequences for pancreatic function in fetal and later life. The findings of this study highlight the importance of thyroid hormones during pregnancy for normal development of the fetal pancreas.
Abstract Development of pancreatic beta cell mass before birth is essential for normal growth of the fetus and for long‐term control of carbohydrate metabolism in postnatal life. Thyroid hormones are also important regulators of fetal growth, and the present study tested the hypotheses that thyroid hormones promote beta cell proliferation in the fetal ovine pancreatic islets, and that growth retardation in hypothyroid fetal sheep is associated with reductions in pancreatic beta cell mass and circulating insulin concentration in utero. Organ growth and pancreatic islet cell proliferation and mass were examined in sheep fetuses following removal of the thyroid gland in utero. The effects of triiodothyronine (T3), insulin and leptin on beta cell proliferation rates were determined in isolated fetal ovine pancreatic islets in vitro. Hypothyroidism in the sheep fetus resulted in an asymmetric pattern of organ growth, pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia, and elevated plasma insulin and leptin concentrations. In pancreatic islets isolated from intact fetal sheep, beta cell proliferation in vitro was reduced by T3 in a dose‐dependent manner and increased by insulin at high concentrations only. Leptin induced a bimodal response whereby beta cell proliferation was suppressed at the lowest, and increased at the highest, concentrations. Therefore, proliferation of beta cells isolated from the ovine fetal pancreas is sensitive to physiological concentrations of T3, insulin and leptin. Alterations in these hormones may be responsible for the increased beta cell proliferation and mass observed in the hypothyroid sheep fetus and may have consequences for pancreatic function in later life. Thyroid hormones are important regulators of growth and maturation before birth, although the extent to which their actions are mediated by insulin and the development of pancreatic beta cell mass is unknown. Hypothyroidism in fetal sheep induced by removal of the thyroid gland caused asymmetric organ growth, increased pancreatic beta cell mass and proliferation, and was associated with increased circulating concentrations of insulin and leptin. In isolated fetal sheep islets studied in vitro, thyroid hormones inhibited beta cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner, while high concentrations of insulin and leptin stimulated proliferation. The developing pancreatic beta cell is therefore sensitive to thyroid hormone, insulin and leptin before birth, with possible consequences for pancreatic function in fetal and later life. The findings of this study highlight the importance of thyroid hormones during pregnancy for normal development of the fetal pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E Harris
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Melissa A Davis
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Amy C Kelly
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Hailey M Davenport
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - F B Peter Wooding
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, Australia
| | - David Meredith
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Miranda Anderson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Sean W Limesand
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alison J Forhead
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The thyroid hormone nuclear receptors and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway: An intriguing liaison. Dev Biol 2017; 422:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
26
|
Jun JE, Jee JH, Bae JC, Jin SM, Hur KY, Lee MK, Kim TH, Kim SW, Kim JH. Association Between Changes in Thyroid Hormones and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study. Thyroid 2017; 27:29-38. [PMID: 27809684 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones are important regulators of glucose homeostasis. However, the association between thyroid hormones within the reference range and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the incidence of T2DM according to the baseline levels and changes of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones (free thyroxine and triiodothyronine) in euthyroid subjects. METHODS Among the participants who consecutively underwent thyroid function tests between 2006 and 2012 through a yearly health checkup program, 6235 euthyroid subjects (3619 men and 2616 women) without T2DM were enrolled in the study. The change in each hormone was calculated by subtracting the baseline value from the level at the end of follow-up or one year before the diagnosis of diabetes. RESULTS During 25,692 person-years of follow-up, there were 229 new cases of T2DM. After full adjustment for potential confounders including HbA1c and fasting glucose in Cox proportional hazards models, the individuals in the highest tertile of TSH change (2.5-4.2 μIU/mL) had a greater risk of incident T2DM (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44 [confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.98], p = 0.027) in comparison with individuals in the lowest tertile (-4.1 to -0.5 μIU/mL). Simultaneously, the highest tertile of triiodothyronine change (16.3-104.7 ng/dL) and free thyroxine change (0.2-1.6 ng/dL) conferred protective effects against diabetes (HR = 0.60 [CI 0.43-0.85], p = 0.002, and HR = 0.34 [CI 0.24-0.48], p < 0.001, respectively) compared with those in the lowest tertile (-76.5 to -1.8 ng/dL and -0.6 to 0.0 ng/dL, respectively). These associations remained significant when each of the hormones was analyzed as a continuous variable. However, baseline levels or tertiles of TSH and thyroid hormones were not associated with the risk of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Individual changes in TSH and thyroid hormones, even within the normal reference range, were an additional risk factor of incident T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Jun
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Jee
- 2 Department of Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Cheol Bae
- 3 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Man Jin
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Kyu Lee
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ding YY, Tang X, Cheng XR, Wang FF, Li ZQ, Wu SJ, Kou XR, Shi Y, Le G. Effects of dietary oxidized tyrosine products on insulin secretion via the thyroid hormone T3-regulated TRβ1–Akt–mTOR pathway in the pancreas. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized tyrosine products (OTPs) have been detected in commercial foods with high protein content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yi Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Xue Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Xiang-Rong Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Fang-Fang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Zhu-Qing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Sha-Ji Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Xing-Ran Kou
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Guowei Le
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chaker L, Ligthart S, Korevaar TIM, Hofman A, Franco OH, Peeters RP, Dehghan A. Thyroid function and risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2016; 14:150. [PMID: 27686165 PMCID: PMC5043536 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of thyroid function with risk of type 2 diabetes remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the association of thyroid function with incident diabetes and progression from prediabetes to diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study. METHODS We included 8452 participants (mean age 65 years) with thyroid function measurement, defined by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4), and longitudinal assessment of diabetes incidence. Cox-models were used to investigate the association of TSH and FT4 with diabetes and progression from prediabetes to diabetes. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose at baseline, amongst others. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 7.9 years, 798 diabetes cases occurred. Higher TSH levels were associated with a higher diabetes risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.18, per logTSH), even within the reference range of thyroid function (HR 1.24; 95 % CI, 1.06-1.45). Higher FT4 levels were associated with a lower diabetes risk amongst all participants (HR 0.96; 95 % CI, 0.93-0.99, per 1 pmol/L) and in participants within the reference range of thyroid function (HR 0.96; 95 % CI, 0.92-0.99). The risk of progression from prediabetes to diabetes was higher with low-normal thyroid function (HR 1.32; 95 % CI, 1.06-1.64 for TSH and HR 0.91; 95 % CI, 0.86-0.97 for FT4). Absolute risk of developing diabetes type 2 in participants with prediabetes decreased from 35 % to almost 15 % with higher FT4 levels within the normal range. CONCLUSIONS Low and low-normal thyroid function are risk factors for incident diabetes, especially in individuals with prediabetes. Future studies should investigate whether screening for and treatment of (subclinical) hypothyroidism is beneficial in subjects at risk of developing diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layal Chaker
- Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room NA-2828, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Symen Ligthart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room NA-2828, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room NA-2828, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room NA-2828, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room NA-2828, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room NA-2828, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room NA-2828, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Q, Qi X, Jia W. 3,3',5-triiodothyroxine inhibits apoptosis and oxidative stress by the PKM2/PKM1 ratio during oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion AC16 and HCM-a cells: T3 inhibits apoptosis and oxidative stress by PKM2/PKM1 ratio. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 475:51-6. [PMID: 27163637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the development of myocardial disease, which can induce the dysfunction of cardiac muscle cells. 3,3',5-triiodothyroxine (T3) is a hormone secreted from the thyroid gland that has been shown to protect cells by improving the redox state and to regulate the expression of pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme (PKM, including two isoforms PKM1 and PKM2). The present study aimed to reveal the key effects of T3 on protecting human myocardial cell lines from oxidative stress and the downstream molecular mechanism. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion model (OGDR) and three subtypes of the deiodinase family (DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3), which convert thyroxine (T4) to T3, were tested in this model. Our results show that the expression of DIO1, DIO2 and T3 was downregulated, but DIO3 was upregulated in OGDR-treated AC16 and HCM-a cells. Then, OGDR-treated cells were treated with T3 and T4. The results show that T3 inhibited the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA), but upregulated glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The effects of T4 were not notable. T3 also protected OGDR cells from apoptosis and upregulated the PKM2/PKM1 ratio. Further mechanistic studies found that PKM2 inhibition by small interfering RNA (siRNA) could attenuate the anti-OS and anti-apoptotic effects of T3. These findings suggest that T3 can inhibit apoptosis and oxidative stress in OGDR-treated AC16 and HCM-a cells by regulating the PKM2/PKM1 ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.
| | - Wenjun Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Type 1 5′-deiodinase activity is inhibited by oxidative stress and restored by alpha-lipoic acid in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:496-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
31
|
Shinderman-Maman E, Cohen K, Weingarten C, Nabriski D, Twito O, Baraf L, Hercbergs A, Davis PJ, Werner H, Ellis M, Ashur-Fabian O. The thyroid hormone-αvβ3 integrin axis in ovarian cancer: regulation of gene transcription and MAPK-dependent proliferation. Oncogene 2015; 35:1977-87. [PMID: 26165836 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the fifth common cause of cancer death in women, despite advanced therapeutic approaches. αvβ3 integrin, a plasma membrane receptor, binds thyroid hormones (L-thyroxine, T4; 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3) and is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. We have demonstrated selective binding of fluorescently labeled hormones to αvβ3-positive ovarian cancer cells but not to integrin-negative cells. Physiologically relevant T3 (1 nM) and T4 (100 nM) concentrations in OVCAR-3 (high αvβ3) and A2780 (low αvβ3) cells promoted αv and β3 transcription in association with basal integrin levels. This transcription was effectively blocked by RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide and neutralizing αvβ3 antibodies, excluding T3-induced β3 messenger RNA, suggesting subspecialization of T3 and T4 binding to the integrin receptor pocket. We have provided support for extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated transcriptional regulation of the αv monomer by T3 and of β3 monomer by both hormones and documented a rapid (30-120 min) and dose-dependent (0.1-1000 nM) ERK activation. OVCAR-3 cells and αvβ3-deficient HEK293 cells treated with αvβ3 blockers confirmed the requirement for an intact thyroid hormone-integrin interaction in ERK activation. In addition, novel data indicated that T4, but not T3, controls integrin's outside-in signaling by phosphorylating tyrosine 759 in the β3 subunit. Both hormones induced cell proliferation (cell counts), survival (Annexin-PI), viability (WST-1) and significantly reduced the expression of genes that inhibit cell cycle (p21, p16), promote mitochondrial apoptosis (Nix, PUMA) and tumor suppression (GDF-15, IGFBP-6), particularly in cells with high integrin expression. At last, we have confirmed that hypothyroid environment attenuated ovarian cancer growth using a novel experimental platform that exploited paired euthyroid and severe hypothyroid serum samples from human subjects. To conclude, our data define a critical role for thyroid hormones as potent αvβ3-ligands, driving ovarian cancer cell proliferation and suggest that disruption of this axis may present a novel treatment strategy in this aggressive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Shinderman-Maman
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - K Cohen
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - C Weingarten
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Nabriski
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Endocrinology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - O Twito
- Department of Endocrinology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - L Baraf
- Department of Endocrinology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - A Hercbergs
- Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - P J Davis
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - H Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Ellis
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dinter J, Mühlhaus J, Jacobi SF, Wienchol CL, Cöster M, Meister J, Hoefig CS, Müller A, Köhrle J, Grüters A, Krude H, Mittag J, Schöneberg T, Kleinau G, Biebermann H. 3-iodothyronamine differentially modulates α-2A-adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:205-16. [PMID: 25878061 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most in vivo effects of 3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) have been thus far thought to be mediated by binding at the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). Inconsistently, the 3-T1AM-induced hypothermic effect still persists in Taar1 knockout mice, which suggests additional receptor targets. In support of this general assumption, it has previously been reported that 3-T1AM also binds to the α-2A-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A), which modulates insulin secretion. However, the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. We tested two different scenarios that may explain the effect: the sole action of 3-T1AM at ADRA2A and a combined action of 3-T1AM at ADRA2A and TAAR1, which is also expressed in pancreatic islets. We first investigated a potential general signaling modification using the label-free EPIC technology and then specified changes in signaling by cAMP inhibition and MAPKs (ERK1/2) determination. We found that 3-T1AM induced Gi/o activation at ADRA2A and reduced the norepinephrine (NorEpi)-induced MAPK activation. Interestingly, in ADRA2A/TAAR1 hetero-oligomers, application of NorEpi resulted in uncoupling of the Gi/o signaling pathway, but it did not affect MAPK activation. However, 3-T1AM application in mice over a period of 6 days at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg had no significant effects on glucose homeostasis. In summary, we report an agonistic effect of 3-T1AM on the ADRA2A-mediated Gi/o pathway but an antagonistic effect on MAPK induced by NorEpi. Moreover, in ADRA2A/TAAR1 hetero-oligomers, the capacity of NorEpi to stimulate Gi/o signaling is reduced by co-stimulation with 3-T1AM. The present study therefore points to a complex spectrum of signaling modification mediated by 3-T1AM at different G protein-coupled receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Dinter
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Mühlhaus
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Friedrich Jacobi
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Leonie Wienchol
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxi Cöster
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaroslawna Meister
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Stephanie Hoefig
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Grüters
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitut für BiochemieMolekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Experimentelle EndokrinologieCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Oda T, Taneichi H, Takahashi K, Togashi H, Hangai M, Nakagawa R, Ono M, Matsui M, Sasai T, Nagasawa K, Honma H, Kajiwara T, Takahashi Y, Takebe N, Ishigaki Y, Satoh J. Positive association of free triiodothyronine with pancreatic β-cell function in people with prediabetes. Diabet Med 2015; 32:213-9. [PMID: 25255697 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the effects of thyroid hormones on β-cell function and glucose metabolism in people with prediabetes who are euthyroid. METHODS A total of 111 people who were euthyroid underwent 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests, of whom 52 were assigned to the normal glucose tolerance and 59 to the prediabetes groups. Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function, insulinogenic index and areas under the curve for insulin and glucose were evaluated as indices of pancreatic β-cell function. RESULTS In both groups, BMI, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment ratio and HDL cholesterol correlated significantly with all indices of pancreatic β-cell function. Free triiodothyronine correlated positively with all insulin secretion indices in the prediabetes group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that free triiodothyronine was an independent variable that had a positive correlation with all indices of β-cell function in the prediabetes group. By contrast, no such correlation was found in the normal glucose tolerance group. CONCLUSIONS Free triiodothyronine is associated with both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in people with prediabetes who are euthyroid; therefore, the regulation of insulin secretion by thyroid hormones is a potentially novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Oda
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wu J, Li X, Tao Y, Wang Y, Peng Y. Free Triiodothyronine Levels Are Associated with Diabetic Nephropathy in Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:204893. [PMID: 26697065 PMCID: PMC4677198 DOI: 10.1155/2015/204893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the association of thyroid function and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. A total of 421 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. The following parameters were assessed: anthropometric measurements, fast plasma glucose, serum creatinine, lipid profile, HbA1c, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Patients with UACR of ≥30 mg/g were defined as those suffering from DN. Results. Of the 421 patients, 203 (48.2%) suffered from DN, and no difference was found between males and females. The patients with DN yielded significantly lower FT3 levels than those without DN (P < 0.01). The prevalence of DN showed a significantly decreasing trend across the three tertiles based on FT3 levels (59.6%, 46.4%, and 38.6%, P < 0.01). After adjustment for gender and age, FT3 levels were found to correlate positively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.03) and negatively with UACR (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that FT3 level was independently associated with UACR (β = -0.18, t = -3.70, and P < 0.01). Conclusion. Serum FT3 levels are inversely associated with DN in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes, independent of traditional risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yang Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- *Yongde Peng:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sun Y, Yang W, Luo H, Wang X, Chen Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li X. Thyroid hormone inhibits the proliferation of piglet Sertoli cell via PI3K signaling pathway. Theriogenology 2014; 83:86-94. [PMID: 25284282 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating researches show that thyroid hormone (TH) inhibits Sertoli cells (SCs) proliferation and stimulates their functional maturation in prepubertal rat testis, confirming that TH plays a key role in testicular development. However, the mechanism under the T3 regulation of piglet SC proliferation remains unclear. In the present study, in order to investigate the possible mechanism of T3 on the suppression of SC proliferation, the expression pattern of TRα1 and cell cycle-related molecules, effect of T3 on SC proliferation, and the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway on the T3-mediated SC proliferation in piglet testis were explored. Our results demonstrated that TRα1 was expressed in all tested stages of SCs and decreased along with the ages. T3 inhibited the proliferation of SCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and T3 treatment downregulated the expressions of cell cycling molecules, such as cyclinA2, cyclinD1, cyclinE1, PCNA, and Skp2, but upregulated the p27 expression in SCs. Most importantly, the suppressive effects of T3 on SC proliferation seemed dependent on the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and pre-stimulation of PI3K could enhance such suppressive effects. Together, our findings demonstrate that TH inhibits the proliferation of piglet SCs via the suppression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China; ChongQing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, YuBei, ChongQing, PR China
| | - WeiRong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - HongLin Luo
- Guanxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - XianZhong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - ZhongQiong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China; ChongQing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, YuBei, ChongQing, PR China
| | - JiaoJiao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - XiaoMin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bianchi L, Rossi L, Tomao F, Papa A, Zoratto F, Tomao S. Thyroid dysfunction and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:R233-45. [PMID: 23833016 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The most recent World Health Organization classification of renal neoplasms encompassed nearly 50 distinctive renal neoplasms. Different histological subtypes have different clinical outcomes and show different responses to therapy. Overall, the incidence of kidney cancer has increased worldwide in the last years. Although the most common type of kidney cancer is localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with a 5-year survival rate of 85%, about one third of patients present advanced or metastatic disease at diagnosis, with a 5-year survival rate of only 10%. Multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs, sunitinib and sorafenib), the anti-VEGF MAB bevacizumab in association with interferon-α, and the mTOR inhibitors are now approved for the treatment of mRCC. Recently, the novel agents pazopanib and axitinib have also demonstrated efficacy in mRCC patients. Several recent retrospective and prospective trials have suggested that some of their adverse events, such as hypertension, hypothyroidism, and hand foot syndrome (HFS) may act as potential biomarkers of response and efficacy of treatment. In this review, we analyzed the studies that have suggested a relationship between hypothyroidism onset and a better outcome of mRCC patients treated with TKIs. The biological mechanisms suggesting and explaining this correlation are not well known and different speculative theories have been considered in order to investigate the clinical link between hypothyroidism occurrence and the prolonged therapy with TKIs in solid tumors. Furthermore, the management of this unexplained side effect is very important to maximize the efficacy of therapy in mRCC patients because there is a clear and consistent relationship between drug dose and efficacy of treatment. Certainly, other studies are needed to clarify whether a better outcome is associated with hypothyroidism induced to TKIs in patients with mRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Bianchi
- Oncology Unit - ICOT, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Latina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bertrand C, Blanchet E, Pessemesse L, Annicotte JS, Feillet-Coudray C, Chabi B, Levin J, Fajas L, Cabello G, Wrutniak-Cabello C, Casas F. Mice lacking the p43 mitochondrial T3 receptor become glucose intolerant and insulin resistant during aging. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75111. [PMID: 24098680 PMCID: PMC3787095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play an important regulatory role in energy expenditure regulation and are key regulators of mitochondrial activity. We have previously identified a mitochondrial triiodothyronine (T3) receptor (p43) which acts as a mitochondrial transcription factor of the organelle genome, which leads in vitro and in vivo, to a stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Recently, we generated mice carrying a specific p43 invalidation. At 2 months of age, we reported that p43 depletion in mice induced a major defect in insulin secretion both in vivo and in isolated pancreatic islets, and a loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The present study was designed to determine whether p43 invalidation influences life expectancy and modulates blood glucose and insulin levels as well as glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity during aging. We report that from 4 months old onwards, mice lacking p43 are leaner than wild-type mice. p43−/− mice also have a moderate reduction of life expectancy compared to wild type. We found no difference in blood glucose levels, excepted at 24 months old where p43−/− mice showed a strong hyperglycemia in fasting conditions compared to controls animals. However, the loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was maintained whatever the age of mice lacking p43. If up to 12 months old, glucose tolerance remained unchanged, beyond this age p43−/− mice became increasingly glucose intolerant. In addition, if up to 12 months old p43 deficient animals were more sensitive to insulin, after this age we observed a loss of this capacity, culminating in 24 months old mice with a decreased sensitivity to the hormone. In conclusion, we demonstrated that during aging the depletion of the mitochondrial T3 receptor p43 in mice progressively induced an increased glycemia in the fasted state, glucose intolerance and an insulin-resistance several features of type-2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Bertrand
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Blanchet
- IGMM, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS-UMR5535, Montpellier France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier France
| | - Laurence Pessemesse
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Sébastien Annicotte
- IGMM, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS-UMR5535, Montpellier France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier France
| | - Christine Feillet-Coudray
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Béatrice Chabi
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Levin
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Lluis Fajas
- IGMM, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS-UMR5535, Montpellier France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier France
| | - Gérard Cabello
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Wrutniak-Cabello
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - François Casas
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim WG, Cheng SY. Thyroid hormone receptors and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1830:3928-36. [PMID: 22507269 PMCID: PMC3406244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate the actions of the thyroid hormone (T3) in development, growth, and differentiation. The THRA and THRB genes encode several TR isoforms that express in a tissue- and development-dependent manner. In the past decades, a significant advance has been made in the understanding of TR actions in maintaining normal cellular functions. However, the roles of TRs in human cancer are less well understood. The reduced expression of TRs because of hypermethylation, or deletion of TR genes found in human cancers suggests that TRs could function as tumor suppressors. A close association of somatic mutations of TRs with human cancers further supports the notion that the loss of normal functions of TR could lead to uncontrolled growth and loss of cell differentiation. SCOPE OF REVIEW In line with the findings from association studies in human cancers, mice deficient in total functional TRs (Thra1(-/-)Thrb(-/-) mice) or with a targeted homozygous mutation of the Thrb gene (denoted PV; Thrb(PV/PV) mice) spontaneously develop metastatic thyroid carcinoma. This review will examine the evidence learned from these genetically engineered mice that provided strong evidence to support the critical role of TRs in human cancer. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Loss of normal functions of TR by deletion or by mutations could contribute to cancer development, progression and metastasis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Novel mechanistic insights are revealed in how aberrant TR activities lead to carcinogenesis. Mouse models of thyroid cancer provide opportunities to identify molecular targets as potential treatment modalities. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Thyroid hormone signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Gu Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Colin IM, Denef JF, Lengelé B, Many MC, Gérard AC. Recent insights into the cell biology of thyroid angiofollicular units. Endocr Rev 2013; 34:209-38. [PMID: 23349248 PMCID: PMC3610675 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In thyrocytes, cell polarity is of crucial importance for proper thyroid function. Many intrinsic mechanisms of self-regulation control how the key players involved in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis interact in apical microvilli, so that hazardous biochemical processes may occur without detriment to the cell. In some pathological conditions, this enzymatic complex is disrupted, with some components abnormally activated into the cytoplasm, which can lead to further morphological and functional breakdown. When iodine intake is altered, autoregulatory mechanisms outside the thyrocytes are activated. They involve adjacent capillaries that, together with thyrocytes, form the angiofollicular units (AFUs) that can be considered as the functional and morphological units of the thyroid. In response to iodine shortage, a rapid expansion of the microvasculature occurs, which, in addition to nutrients and oxygen, optimizes iodide supply. These changes are triggered by angiogenic signals released from thyrocytes via a reactive oxygen species/hypoxia-inducible factor/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. When intra- and extrathyrocyte autoregulation fails, other forms of adaptation arise, such as euthyroid goiters. From onset, goiters are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous due to the polyclonal nature of the cells, with nodules distributed around areas of quiescent AFUs containing globules of compact thyroglobulin (Tg) and surrounded by a hypotrophic microvasculature. Upon TSH stimulation, quiescent AFUs are activated with Tg globules undergoing fragmentation into soluble Tg, proteins involved in TH biosynthesis being expressed and the local microvascular network extending. Over time and depending on physiological needs, AFUs may undergo repetitive phases of high, moderate, or low cell and tissue activity, which may ultimately culminate in multinodular goiters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ides M Colin
- Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), UCL-5251, 52 Avenue E. Mounier, B-1200, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 28:336-41. [PMID: 24426234 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The study was planned to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders in type 2 diabetes in North Indian population and to correlate the serum insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin levels with thyroid hormones. It is a case control study. One hundred and twenty patients of type 2 diabetes were included in the study along with 117 adults of the same age group and normal glucose levels as controls. All blood samples were taken from subjects who fasted for at least 12 h before the blood collection. Glycosylated hemoglobin was determined by ion exchange chromatography and serum insulin and thyroid hormones were assessed through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in diabetics showing a poor glucose control. Serum tri-iodothyronine values were significantly lower in diabetics. There was a significant correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin and thyroid hormones. There was no correlation between serum insulin and thyroid hormones.
Collapse
|
41
|
Verga Falzacappa C, Timperi E, Bucci B, Amendola D, Piergrossi P, D'Amico D, Santaguida MG, Centanni M, Misiti S. T(3) preserves ovarian granulosa cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. J Endocrinol 2012; 215:281-9. [PMID: 22911894 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a dramatic and frequent side effect in women who are undergoing chemotherapy. Actual strategies are mainly focused on oocyte cryopreservation, but this is not always a suitable option. Considering the key role that granulosa cells play in follicle life, we studied whether thyroid hormone 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) protects rat ovarian granulosa cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. To this aim, a cell line was established from fresh isolated rat granulosa cells and named rGROV. Cells were exposed to paclitaxel (PTX) and T(3), and apoptosis, cell viability, and cell cycle distribution were analyzed under different conditions. First, the integrity of the steroidogenic pathway was demonstrated, and the presence of thyroid receptors, transporters, and deiodinases was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Cells were then exposed to PTX alone or contemporary to T(3). MTT and TUNEL assays revealed that while there was a relevant percentage of dying cells when exposed to PTX (40-60%), the percentage was sensibly reduced (20-30%) in favor of living cells if T(3) was present. Cell cycle analysis showed that cells exposed to PTX alone were first collected in G2 and then died by apoptosis; on the other hand, the T(3) granted the cells to cycle regularly and survive PTX insult. In addition, western blot and FCM analyses confirmed that caspases activation, casp 3 and Bax, were downregulated by T(3) and that Bcl2 and cyclins A and B together with cdk1 were upregulated by T(3). In conclusion, we demonstrated that thyroid hormone T(3) can counteract the lethal effect of taxol on granulosa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Verga Falzacappa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Cattedra di Endocrinologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, c/o Servizio Speciale Malattie della Tiroide, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Thyroid hormone receptors, cell growth and differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:3908-16. [PMID: 22484490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue homeostasis depends on the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. Thyroid hormones (THs), through binding to their nuclear receptors, can regulate the expression of many genes involved in cell cycle control and cellular differentiation. This can occur by direct transcriptional regulation or by modulation of the activity of different signaling pathways. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review we will summarize the role of the different receptor isoforms in growth and maturation of selected tissues and organs. We will focus on mammalian tissues, and therefore we will not address the fundamental role of the THs during amphibian metamorphosis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The actions of THs are highly pleiotropic, affecting many tissues at different developmental stages. As a consequence, their effects on proliferation and differentiation are highly heterogeneous depending on the cell type, the cellular context, and the developmental or transformation status. Both during development and in the adult, stem cells are essential for proper organ formation, maintenance and regeneration. Recent evidence suggests that some of the actions of the thyroid hormone receptors could be secondary to regulation of stem/progenitor cell function. Here we will also include the latest knowledge on the role of these receptors in proliferation and differentiation of embryonic and adult stem cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The thyroid hormone receptors are potent regulators of proliferation and differentiation of many cell types. This can explain the important role of the thyroid hormones and their receptors in key processes such as growth, development, tissue homeostasis or cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Thyroid hormone signalling.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lin Y, Sun Z. Thyroid hormone potentiates insulin signaling and attenuates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:597-610. [PMID: 20883475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3) has many metabolic functions. Unexpectedly, exogenous T3 lowered blood glucose in db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. Here, we have explored this finding and its possible mechanisms further. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH db/db and lean mice were treated with T3, the phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor, LY294002, plus T3, or vehicles. Blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, levels and synthesis were measured. Effects of T3 on intracellular insulin signaling were analyzed in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with Western blotting. Knock-down of the thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) in 3T3-L1 cells was achieved with an appropriate silencing RNA (siRNA). KEY RESULTS Single injections of T3 (7 ng·g⁻¹ i.p.) rapidly and markedly attenuated hyperglycemia. Treatment with T3 (14 ng·g⁻¹·day⁻¹, 18 days) dose-dependently attenuated blood glucose and increased insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. Higher doses of T3 (28 ng·g⁻¹·day⁻¹) reversed insulin resistance in db/db mice. T3 also increased insulin levels in plasma and the neurogenic differentiation factor (an insulin synthesis transcription factor) and insulin storage in pancreatic islets in db/db mice. These anti-diabetic effects of T3 were abolished by the PI3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002). In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, T3 enhanced insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and activation of PI3-kinase, effects blocked by siRNA for TRα1. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS T3 potentiated insulin signaling, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased insulin synthesis, which may contribute to its anti-diabetic effects. These findings may provide new approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Verga Falzacappa C, Mangialardo C, Madaro L, Ranieri D, Lupoi L, Stigliano A, Torrisi MR, Bouchè M, Toscano V, Misiti S. Thyroid hormone T3 counteracts STZ induced diabetes in mouse. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19839. [PMID: 21637761 PMCID: PMC3103518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study intended to demonstrate that the thyroid hormone T3 counteracts the onset of a Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in wild type mice. To test our hypothesis diabetes has been induced in Balb/c male mice by multiple low dose Streptozotocin injection; and a group of mice was contemporaneously injected with T3. After 48 h mice were tested for glucose tolerance test, insulin serum levels and then sacrified. Whole pancreata were utilized for morphological and biochemical analyses, while protein extracts and RNA were utilized for expression analyses of specific molecules. The results showed that islets from T3 treated mice were comparable to age- and sex-matched control, untreated mice in number, shape, dimension, consistency, ultrastructure, insulin and glucagon levels, Tunel positivity and caspases activation, while all the cited parameters and molecules were altered by STZ alone. The T3-induced pro survival effect was associated with a strong increase in phosphorylated Akt. Moreover, T3 administration prevented the STZ-dependent alterations in glucose blood level, both during fasting and after glucose challenge, as well as in insulin serum level. In conclusion we demonstrated that T3 could act as a protective factor against STZ induced diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Verga Falzacappa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
- DEM, Fondazione per lo studio del Diabete, l'Endocrinologia ed il Metabolismo, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Mangialardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Madaro
- Dipartimento di Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Danilo Ranieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lupoi
- Stabilimento di Utilizzazione di animali da laboratorio, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Stigliano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Marina Bouchè
- Dipartimento di Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Toscano
- DEM, Fondazione per lo studio del Diabete, l'Endocrinologia ed il Metabolismo, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Misiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Taneichi H, Sasai T, Ohara M, Honma H, Nagasawa K, Takahashi T, Ishii M, Fujiwara F, Yamashina M, Kajiwara T, Takabe N, Takahashi K, Satoh J. Higher Serum Free Triiodothyronine Levels within the Normal Range Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Components in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects with Euthyroidism. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2011; 224:173-8. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.224.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhito Taneichi
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takayoshi Sasai
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Mio Ohara
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyuki Honma
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Kan Nagasawa
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Mototsugu Ishii
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Fumikado Fujiwara
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamashina
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Kajiwara
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Noriko Takabe
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuma Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Jo Satoh
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sampson SR, Bucris E, Horovitz-Fried M, Parnas A, Kahana S, Abitbol G, Chetboun M, Rosenzweig T, Brodie C, Frankel S. Insulin increases H2O2-induced pancreatic beta cell death. Apoptosis 2010; 15:1165-76. [PMID: 20544287 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance results, in part, from impaired insulin signaling in insulin target tissues. Consequently, increased levels of insulin are necessary to control plasma glucose levels. The effects of elevated insulin levels on pancreatic beta (β) cell function, however, are unclear. In this study, we investigated the possibility that insulin may influence survival of pancreatic β cells. Studies were conducted on RINm, RINm5F and Min-6 pancreatic β-cells. Cell death was induced by treatment with H(2)O(2), and was estimated by measurements of LDH levels, viability assay (Cell-Titer Blue), propidium iodide staining and FACS analysis, and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1). In addition, levels of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase activity were determined. Treatment with H(2)O(2) increased cell death; this effect was increased by simultaneous treatment of cells with insulin. Insulin treatment alone caused a slight increase in cell death. Inhibition of caspase-3 reduced the effect of insulin to increase H(2)O(2)-induced cell death. Insulin increased ROS production by pancreatic β cells and increased the effect of H(2)O(2). These effects were increased by inhibition of IR signaling, indicative of an effect independent of the IR cascade. We conclude that elevated levels of insulin may act to exacerbate cell death induced by H(2)O(2) and, perhaps, other inducers of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Sampson
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Furuya F, Shimura H, Yamashita S, Endo T, Kobayashi T. Liganded thyroid hormone receptor-alpha enhances proliferation of pancreatic beta-cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:24477-86. [PMID: 20529852 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of the functional pancreatic beta-cell mass to expand in response to increased metabolic demand is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Lineage tracing studies indicate that replication of existing beta-cells is important for beta-cell proliferation in adult animals. In rat pancreatic beta-cell lines (RIN5F), treatment with 100 nM thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T(3)) enhances cell proliferation. This result suggests that T(3) is required for beta-cell proliferation or replication. To identify the role of thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TR(alpha)) in the processes of beta-cell growth and cell cycle regulation, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus vector, AdTR(alpha). Infection with AdTR(alpha) to RIN5F cells increased the expression of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein. Overexpression of the cyclin D1 protein in AdTR(alpha)-infected cells led to activation of the cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase/retinoblastoma protein/E2F pathway, along with cell cycle progression and cell proliferation following treatment with 100 nM T(3). Conversely, lowering cellular cyclin D1 by small interfering RNA knockdown in AdTR(alpha)-infected cells led to down-regulation of the cyclin D1/CDK/Rb/E2F pathway and inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, in immunodeficient mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, intrapancreatic injection of AdTR(alpha) led to the restoration of islet function and to an increase in the beta-cell mass. These results support the hypothesis that liganded TR(alpha) plays a critical role in beta-cell replication and in expansion of the beta-cell mass during postnatal development. Thus, liganded TR(alpha) may be a target for therapeutic strategies that can induce the expansion and regeneration of beta-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Furuya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
López-Fontal R, Zeini M, Través PG, Gómez-Ferrería M, Aranda A, Sáez GT, Cerdá C, Martín-Sanz P, Hortelano S, Boscá L. Mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor Beta show enhanced apoptosis and delayed liver commitment for proliferation after partial hepatectomy. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8710. [PMID: 20090848 PMCID: PMC2806828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of thyroid hormones and their receptors (TR) during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) was studied using genetic and pharmacologic approaches. Roles in liver regeneration have been suggested for T3, but there is no clear evidence distinguishing the contribution of increased amounts of T3 from the modulation by unoccupied TRs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice lacking TRalpha1/TRbeta or TRbeta alone fully regenerated liver mass after PH, but showed delayed commitment to the initial round of hepatocyte proliferation and transient but intense apoptosis at 48h post-PH, affecting approximately 30% of the remaining hepatocytes. Pharmacologically induced hypothyroidism yielded similar results. Loss of TR activity was associated with enhanced nitrosative stress in the liver remnant, due to an increase in the activity of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 2 and 3, caused by a transient decrease in the concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a potent NOS inhibitor. This decrease in the ADMA levels was due to the presence of a higher activity of dimethylarginineaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) in the regenerating liver of animals lacking TRalpha1/TRbeta or TRbeta. DDAH-1 expression and activity was paralleled by the activity of FXR, a transcription factor involved in liver regeneration and up-regulated in the absence of TR. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We report that TRs are not required for liver regeneration; however, hypothyroid mice and TRbeta- or TRalpha1/TRbeta-deficient mice exhibit a delay in the restoration of liver mass, suggesting a specific role for TRbeta in liver regeneration. Altered regenerative responses are related with a delay in the expression of cyclins D1 and E, and the occurrence of liver apoptosis in the absence of activated TRbeta that can be prevented by administration of NOS inhibitors. Taken together, these results indicate that TRbeta contributes significantly to the rapid initial round of hepatocyte proliferation following PH, and improves the survival of the regenerating liver at later times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Zeini
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paqui G. Través
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Aranda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo T. Sáez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Concha Cerdá
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Hortelano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (LB); (SH)
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (LB); (SH)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Thyroid-hormone-dependent activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt cascade requires Src and enhances neuronal survival. Biochem J 2009; 424:201-9. [PMID: 19747164 DOI: 10.1042/bj20090643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have reported previously a non-genomic action of T3 (3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine), which stimulates the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt pathway via p85alpha, the regulatory subunit of PI3K, in human skin fibroblasts. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which T3 activates PI3K, and to investigate the physiological role of this T3 action in neuronal cells. We found that T3 activates PI3K/Akt through Src. First, T3 rapidly induced the activation of Src and Akt in N2a cells expressing TRalpha1 (thyroid hormone receptor alpha1; N2aTRalpha), and both were attenuated by either the addition of a Src inhibitor or Src siRNA. In contrast, a PI3K inhibitor could only block the activation of Akt. Secondly, T3 enhanced TRalpha1-p85alpha-Src complex formation, which was also abrogated by a Src inhibitor. The activation of Src and PI3K/Akt contributes to the anti-apoptotic effect of T3 in N2aTRalpha cells. Moreover, it was also observed in primary cerebral cortical neurons that T3 induced the activation of PI3K/Akt and suppressed serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis. Together, the findings of the present study demonstrate a novel non-genomic action of T3 on neuronal cell survival, and provide new insights into the mechanism underlying this action, which involves Src activation and TRalpha1-p85alpha-Src complex formation.
Collapse
|
50
|
Thyroid hormones induce cell proliferation and survival in ovarian granulosa cells COV434. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:242-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|