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Małkowska P. Positive Effects of Physical Activity on Insulin Signaling. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5467-5487. [PMID: 38920999 PMCID: PMC11202552 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is integral to metabolic health, particularly in addressing insulin resistance and related disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies consistently demonstrate a strong association between physical activity levels and insulin sensitivity. Regular exercise interventions were shown to significantly improve glycemic control, highlighting exercise as a recommended therapeutic strategy for reducing insulin resistance. Physical inactivity is closely linked to islet cell insufficiency, exacerbating insulin resistance through various pathways including ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Conversely, physical training and exercise preserve and restore islet function, enhancing peripheral insulin sensitivity. Exercise interventions stimulate β-cell proliferation through increased circulating levels of growth factors, further emphasizing its role in maintaining pancreatic health and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, sedentary lifestyles contribute to elevated oxidative stress levels and ceramide production, impairing insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. Regular exercise induces anti-inflammatory responses, enhances antioxidant defenses, and promotes mitochondrial function, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and metabolic efficiency. Encouraging individuals to adopt active lifestyles and engage in regular exercise is crucial for preventing and managing insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders, ultimately promoting overall health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Małkowska
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
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Hoseini Z, Behpour N, Hoseini R. Aerobic training with moderate or high doses of vitamin D improve liver enzymes, LXRα and PGC-1α levels in rats with T2DM. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6409. [PMID: 38494538 PMCID: PMC10944841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of key transcription factors involved in hepatic energy metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), has been observed in T2DM. The present study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation on liver enzyme levels and the levels of PGC-1α and LXRα proteins in hepatocytes, in a rat model of T2DM. The study involved 56 male Wistar rats, divided into two groups: one was non-diabetic and acted as a control group (n = 8), and the other had induced diabetes (n = 48). The diabetic rats were then split into six subgroups: two groups received high or moderate doses of vitamin D and aerobic training (D + AT + HD and D + AT + MD); two groups received high or moderate doses of vitamin D alone (D + HD and D + MD); one group underwent aerobic training with vehicle (sesame oil; D + AT + oil), and one group was a diabetic control receiving only sesame oil (oil-receiving). The D + AT + HD and D + HD groups received 10,000 IU of vitamin D, while the D + AT + MD and D + MD groups received 5000 IU of vitamin D once a week by injection. The D + AT + oil group and the sham group received sesame oil. After eight weeks of treatment, body weight, BMI, food intake, serum insulin, glucose, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ALT, AST, and visceral fat were measured. The levels of PGC-1α and LXRα proteins in the liver was assessed by western blotting. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey post hoc test at a significance level of P < 0.05. Body weight, food intake, and BMI decreased significantly in the D + AT + HD, D + AT + MD, D + AT + oil, D + HD, and D + MD groups with the highest reduction being observed in body weight and BMI in the D + AT + HD group. The D + AT + HD group exhibited the lowest levels of insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR while the D + C group exhibited the highest levels among the diabetic groups. The D + AT + HD and D + AT + MD groups had lower levels of ALT and AST enzymes compared to the other groups with no significant difference between D + AT + HD and D + AT + MD. D + AT + HD (p = 0.001), D + AT + MD (p = 0.001), D + HD (p = 0.023), D + MD (p = 0.029), and D + AT + oil (p = 0.011) upregulated LXRα compared to D + C. Among these groups, D + AT + HD exhibited a more profound upregulation of LXRα than D + AT + MD, D + AT + oil, D + HD, and D + MD (p = 0.005; p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). Similarly, D + AT + HD showed a more notable upregulation of PGC-1α compared to D + AT + oil, D + HD, and D + MD (p = 0.002; p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). Pearson correlation tests showed significant and negative correlations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin levels and both visceral fat (r = - 0.365; p = 0.005) and HOMA-IR (r = - 0.118; p = 0.009); while positive and significant correlations between the liver-to-bodyweight ratio with both ALT and AST enzymes and also between QUICKI levels with LXRα (r = 0.578; p = 0.001) and PGC-1α (r = 0.628; p = 0.001). Combined administration of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation potentially improves liver enzymes in type-2 diabetic rats that were simultaneous with upregulating the levels of PGC-1α and LXRα proteins in hepatocytes. These improvements were more significant when combining exercise with high-dose vitamin D supplementation. This study highlights the potential of this combination therapy as a new diabetes treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O.Box. 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasser Behpour
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O.Box. 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O.Box. 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran
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3
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Silva FM, Duarte-Mendes P, Teixeira AM, Soares CM, Ferreira JP. The effects of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in sedentary adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1936. [PMID: 38253590 PMCID: PMC10803738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of the effect of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism markers, adipokines, and inflammatory cytokines in non-diabetic sedentary adults. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library electronic databases and reference lists of included studies were explored for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included physically inactive adults and provided combined training interventions (aerobic plus resistance exercise). Effects on fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in exercise vs control groups were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials 2.0 (RoB 2) was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 24 RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. Combined exercise training significantly decrease fasting glucose (standardized mean difference, SMD: - 0.474, 95% CI [- 0.829, - 0.120], p = 0.009, 35 study arms), fasting insulin (SMD: - 1.024, 95% CI [- 1.502, - 0.545], p < 0.001, 27 study arms), HOMA-IR (SMD: - 0.946, 95% CI [- 1.450, - 0.442], p < 0.001, 23 study arms), TNF-α (SMD: - 0.972, 95% CI [- 1.361, - 0.582], p < 0.001, 10 study arms), and CRP (SMD: - 0.507, 95% CI [- 0.818, - 0.196], p = 0.001, 14 study arms). No significant effects were observed for HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 levels. Random effects meta-regression models by age, sex, and intervention length were not able to explain any of the variation in the effect size of HOMA-IR. Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that combined exercise training improves some glucose metabolism markers and inflammatory parameters in sedentary adults without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Department of Sports and Well-Being, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport Physical activity and health Research & INnovation CenTer, SPRINT, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Ana M Teixeira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Soares
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José P Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Li N, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhou Y, Gong L. Exploring exercise-driven inhibition of pyroptosis: novel insights into treating diabetes mellitus and its complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1230646. [PMID: 37859981 PMCID: PMC10582706 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1230646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications are important, worldwide public health issues, exerting detrimental effects on human health and diminishing both quality of life and lifespan. Pyroptosis, as a new form of programmed cell death, plays a critical role in DM and its complications. Exercise has been shown to be an effective treatment for improving insulin sensitivity or preventing DM. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise on pyroptosis-related diseases remain elusive. In this review, we provided a comprehensive elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying pyroptosis and the potential mechanism of exercise in the treatment of DM and its complications through the modulation of anti-pyroptosis-associated inflammasome pathways. Based on the existing evidence, further investigation into the mechanisms by which exercise inhibits pyroptosis through the regulation of inflammasome pathways holds promising potential for expanding preventive and therapeutic strategies for DM and facilitating the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xintang Wang
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Hoseini Z, Behpour N, Hoseini R. Vitamin D improves the antidiabetic effectiveness of aerobic training via modulation of Akt, PEPCK, and G6Pase expression. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:184. [PMID: 37689713 PMCID: PMC10492382 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the effect of Vitamin D Supplementation (Vit D) on several chronic diseases has been well conceded, its role in diabetes remains ambiguous. The present study investigated the interactive effects of Aerobic Training (AT) and different Vit D doses on Protein Kinase B (Akt), Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPCK), and Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G6Pase) protein expressions in hepatocytes of type-2 diabetic rats. METHODS Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups SHAM (non-diabetic control; n = 8), and diabetic (n = 48). Then, diabetic rats were divided into six groups: AT with high doses of Vit D (D + AT + HD), AT with moderate doses of Vit D (D + AT + MD), high doses of Vit D (D + HD), moderate doses of Vit D (D + MD), AT receiving vehicle (sesame oil; D + AT + oil), and control (oil-receiving). D + AT + HD and D + HD groups received 10,000 IU of Vit D; while D + AT + MD and D + MD groups receive 5000 IU of Vit D once a week by injection; D + AT + oil and SHAM groups received sesame oil. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). After 2 months of intervention, serum insulin, glucose, and visceral fat were measured; protein expressions of Akt, PEPCK, and G6Pase were assessed by western blotting. The paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), and the Tukey post hoc test were used at the signification level of P < 0.05. RESULTS Our data indicate that the diabeticization of rats increased the level of insulin, glucose, and PEPCK and G6Pase protein expressions and decreased the expression of the Akt (P < 0.05 for all variables). Combined AT and moderate or high Vit D significantly reduced body weight (P = 0.001; P = 0.001), body mass index (P = 0.001; P = 0.002), food intake (P = 0.001; P = 0.001) comparing the pre-test with the post-test, respectively. Also, AT and either high or moderate Vit D alone therapies lead to the improvement of the metabolic state, however, their combination had a more significant effect on the treatment of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the present study suggested that combined Vit D supplementation and AT successfully improve liver function and attenuate insulin resistance via upregulating Akt and downregulating PEPCK and G6Pase expressions, compared with monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O. Box. 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasser Behpour
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O. Box. 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O. Box. 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran
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Kazeminasab F, Sharafifard F, Miraghajani M, Behzadnejad N, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of exercise training on insulin resistance in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1178376. [PMID: 37635963 PMCID: PMC10450243 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1178376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of present meta-analysis was to determine the effects of exercise training (Exe) on insulin resistance (IR) and body weight in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for original articles, published through October 2022 that included exercise versus control interventions on fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and body weight outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Standardized mean differences (SMD) for fasting insulin, and weighted mean differences (WMD) for fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, body weight (BW), and 95% confidence intervals were determined using random effects models. Results Thirty-five studies comprising 1,550 children and adolescents with overweight and obesity were included in the present meta-analysis. Exercise training reduced fasting glucose (WMD=-2.52 mg/dL, p=0.001), fasting insulin (SMD=-0.77, p=0.001), HOMA-IR (WMD=-0.82, p=0.001), and BW (WMD=-1.51 kg, p=0.001), as compared to a control. Subgroup analyses showed that biological sex, intervention duration, type of exercise training, BMI percentile, and health status (with or without diagnosed condition), were sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion Exercise training is effective for lowering fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and BW in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and could provide an important strategy for controlling IR and related factors. With clear evidence for the effectiveness of exercise interventions in this vulnerable population, it is important to determine effective approaches for increasing exercise training in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharafifard
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Behzadnejad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Jang DK, Park M, Kim YH. Sociodemographic, Behavioural, and Health Factors Associated with Sedentary Behaviour in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5005. [PMID: 37568405 PMCID: PMC10419473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have focused on factors associated with sedentary behaviour among older Asian adults. This study aimed to identify factors independently associated with prolonged sedentary times in Korean older adults. We included 8273 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self-reported sedentary times were assessed via the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and sedentary times of ≥420 min/day were considered 'long'. Complex-sample multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the factors associated with long sedentary times. Among the participants, 4610 (55.72%) had long sedentary times that were associated with advanced age (odds ratio [OR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05-3.01), female sex (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.11-1.57), unemployment (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.38), living alone (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08-1.43), urban residence (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14-1.61), and insufficient aerobic exercise (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.60-2.02). Among health factors, obesity (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12-1.45), diabetes (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.32), cardiovascular diseases (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.11-1.52), and arthritis (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11-1.43) had positive associations with long sedentary times. A tailored approach that considered various sociodemographic, behavioural, and health factors is needed to reduce sedentary behaviour in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kee Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mina Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeo Hyung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
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Khalafi M, Symonds ME, Ghasemi F, Rosenkranz SK, Rohani H, Hossein Sakhaei M. The effects of exercise training on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in adults with overweight or obesity and with cardiometabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110741. [PMID: 37276984 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise training on postprandial glycemia (PPG) and insulinemia (PPI) in adults with overweight or obesity and with cardiometabolic disorders. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched until May 2022 using the key words "exercise," "postprandial," and "randomized control trial" to identify original studies investigating the effects of exercise training on PPG and/or PPI in adults with a body mass indexes (BMI) ≥ 25 kg.m2. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models to calculate effect sizes for outcomes and to generate forest plots. Sub-group analyses and meta-regressions were performed for potential categorical and continuous moderators. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies involving 41 intervention arms and 1,401 participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall, exercise training significantly decreased PPG [-0.36 (95% CI -0.50 to -0.22), p=0.001] and PPI [-0.37 (95% CI -0.52 to -0.21), p=0.001]. Subgroup analyses showed that PPG decreased following both aerobic and resistance training; whereas PPI was reduced following aerobic training, independent of age, BMI, and baseline glucose levels. Meta-regression analyses showed that frequency of exercise sessions, intervention durations, and duration of exercise time, did not moderate the effects of exercise training on PPI or PPG (p>0.05). CONCLUSION In adults with overweight or obesity and with cardiometabolic disorders, exercise training is effective for reducing PPG and PPI, across ages and BMIs, irrespective of baseline glucose levels and exercise training characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Faeghe Ghasemi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Hadi Rohani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
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Hall LG, Thyfault JP, Johnson JD. Exercise and inactivity as modifiers of β cell function and type 2 diabetes risk. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:823-839. [PMID: 36759159 PMCID: PMC10042613 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and regular physical activity are beneficial for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas exercise cessation, defined as deconditioning from regular exercise or physical activity that has lasted for a period of months to years, can lead to metabolic derangements that drive disease. Adaptations to the insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are an important benefit of exercise, whereas less is known about how exercise cessation affects these cells. Our aim is to review the impact that exercise and exercise cessation have on β-cell function, with a focus on the evidence from studies examining glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) using gold-standard techniques. Potential mechanisms by which the β-cell adapts to exercise, including exerkine and incretin signaling, autonomic nervous system signaling, and changes in insulin clearance, will also be explored. We will highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam G Hall
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Jensen SBK, Juhl CR, Janus C, Lundgren JR, Martinussen C, Wiingaard C, Knudsen C, Frikke-Schmidt R, Stallknecht BM, Holst JJ, Madsbad S, Torekov SS. Weight loss maintenance with exercise and liraglutide improves glucose tolerance, glucagon response, and beta cell function. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:977-989. [PMID: 36942420 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate glucose tolerance, glucagon response, and beta cell function during a 1-year maintenance period with either exercise, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or the combination after diet-induced weight loss. METHODS In this randomized placebo-controlled trial, adults with obesity (BMI: 32-43 kg/m2 ) without diabetes underwent an 8-week low-calorie diet (800 kcal/d) and were randomized to 52 weeks of aerobic exercise, liraglutide 3.0 mg/d, exercise and liraglutide combined, or placebo. Change in glucose and glucagon response to a 3-hour mixed meal test and disposition index, as a measure of beta cell function, were measured. RESULTS A total of 195 participants were randomized. After 1 year of treatment, the combination group had decreased postprandial glucose response by -9% (95% CI: -14% to -3%; p = 0.002), improved beta cell function by 49% (95% CI: 16% to 93%; p = 0.002), and decreased glucagon response by -18% (95% CI: -34% to -3%; p = 0.024) compared with placebo. Compared with placebo, liraglutide alone improved postprandial glucose response by -7% (95% CI: -12% to -1%; p = 0.018), but not beta cell function or glucagon. Exercise alone had similar postprandial glucose response, beta cell function, and glucagon response as placebo. CONCLUSIONS Only the combination of exercise and liraglutide improved glucose tolerance, beta cell function, and glucagon responses after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B K Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian R Juhl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Janus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie R Lundgren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Cecilie Knudsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente M Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Signe S Torekov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Beba M, Gholizadeh M, Sharifi M, Seifbarghi T, Djafarian K. The association of dietary insulin load and dietary insulin index with body composition among professional soccer players and referees. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:31. [PMID: 36915133 PMCID: PMC10010033 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been limited research undertaken about the association of dietary insulin load (DIL) and dietary insulin index (DII) with body composition in non-athletic adults, however, to the best of our knowledge No previous study has investigated such an association in an athletic population. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the association of DII and DIL with body compositions in male and female soccer players and referees. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted on 199 professional male and female soccer players and referees. A 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was adopted to congregate the participants' dietary data. Body composition was measured using InBody to gain a detailed understanding of fat mass, percent body fat (PBF), lean mass, percent muscle mass (PMM), and bone mineral content (BMC). Waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were obtained from all participants. Other body composition parameters include a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index (BAI), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and waist-to-hip-to-height ratio (WHHR) were calculated using a particular defined formula. RESULTS Results of multiple linear regression revealed that there is a significant association between DIL and BMI (P = 0.04) in < 18 male soccer players, CI (P = 0.04) and WWI (P = 0.03) in ≥ 18 female soccer players, PBF (P = 0.02), PMM (P = 0.01) and WWI (P = 0.01) in ≥ 18 female soccer players. Nevertheless, no significant associations between DIL and body composition parameters were found in the referees. Additionally, there is a significant association between DII and BMC (P = 0.02) in male soccer referees, however, no significant associations were found in young soccer players and female athletes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that DIL is positively associated with BMI, CI, and WWI in male soccer players and PBF, and WWI in female soccer players. Although, there was an observed negative association between DIL and PMM in females. In addition, a significant negative association between DII and BMC was observed in male soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Beba
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, school of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gholizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, school of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Seifbarghi
- Department of Sport Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, school of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Zhou Y, Stubbs RJ, Finlayson G. A neurocognitive perspective on the relationship between exercise and reward: Implications for weight management and drug addiction. Appetite 2023; 182:106446. [PMID: 36592797 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of exercise on food reward is increasingly being discussed as an interplay between executive function (EF), homeostasis and mechanisms promoting or undermining intentional behaviour change. Integrating current knowledge of neurocognitive processes encompassing cognitive and affective networks within an energy balance framework will provide a more comprehensive account. Reward circuitry affected by recreational drugs and food overlap. Therefore the underlying processes explaining changes in drug-taking behaviour may offer new insights into how exercise affects the reward value of recreational drugs and food. EF is important for successful self-regulation, and training EF may boost inhibitory control in relation to food- and drug-related reward. Preclinical and clinical observations suggest that reward-seeking can transfer within and between categories of reward. This may have clinical implications beyond exercise improving metabolic health in people with obesity to understanding therapeutic responses to exercise in people with neurocognitive deficits in non-food reward-based decision making such as drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - R James Stubbs
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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13
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de Frutos Lucas J, Sewell KR, García-Colomo A, Markovic S, Erickson KI, Brown BM. How does apolipoprotein E genotype influence the relationship between physical activity and Alzheimer's disease risk? A novel integrative model. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:22. [PMID: 36707869 PMCID: PMC9881295 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wide evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) confers protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the other hand, the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ε4 allele represents the greatest genetic risk factor for developing AD. Extensive research has been conducted to determine whether frequent PA can mitigate the increased AD risk associated with APOE ε4. However, thus far, these attempts have produced inconclusive results. In this context, one possible explanation could be that the influence of the combined effect of PA and APOE ε4 carriage might be dependent on the specific outcome measure utilised. MAIN BODY In order to bridge these discrepancies, the aim of this theoretical article is to propose a novel model on the interactive effects of PA and APOE ε4 carriage on well-established mechanisms underlying AD. Available literature was searched to investigate how PA and APOE ε4 carriage, independently and in combination, may alter several molecular pathways involved in AD pathogenesis. The reviewed mechanisms include amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau deposition and clearance, neuronal resilience and neurogenesis, lipid function and cerebrovascular alterations, brain immune response and glucose metabolism. Finally, combining all this information, we have built an integrative model, which includes evidence-based and theoretical synergistic interactions across mechanisms. Moreover, we have identified key knowledge gaps in the literature, providing a list of testable hypotheses that future studies need to address. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that PA influences a wide array of molecular targets involved in AD neuropathology. A deeper understanding of where, when and, most importantly, how PA decreases AD risk even in the presence of the APOE ε4 allele will enable the creation of new protocols using exercise along pharmaceuticals in combined therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisalmer de Frutos Lucas
- Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Logopedia Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.
- Departamento de PsicologíaFacultad de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Naturaleza, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 28015, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kelsey R Sewell
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Alejandra García-Colomo
- Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Logopedia Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Shaun Markovic
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
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14
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Cai Y, Wang M, Zong Y, Li C, Fu S, Xie K. Demethylation of miR-299-5p by aerobic exercise relieves insulin resistance in the vascular endothelium by repressing resistin. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 195:110176. [PMID: 36427628 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Insulin resistance (IR) is a critical marker underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise is reported to prevent IR, yet the mechanism of which is complicated and largely unknown. Here, the study aimed to ascertain whether and how aerobic exercise mediates IR in T2DM. METHODS An in vivo model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced IR and an in vitro model of high-glucose-induced IR were constructed. RESULTS Aerobic exercise training in mice led to attenuation of IR in the vascular endothelium. microRNA-299-5p (miR-299-5p) expression was deficient in T2MD, which could be restored by aerobic exercise through modulating the DNA methylation modification enzymes. The expression of miR-299-5p enhanced by aerobic exercise consequently resulted in ameliorating the IR in vivo. Furthermore, increased levels of nitric oxide (NO), reduced levels of Angiotensin II (Ang II), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in response to miR-299-5p elevation suggested the anti-IR role of miR-299-5p in IR-cell model. Dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP assays identified that miR-299-5p could bind to resistin and hence repressed the resistin level. CONCLUSION The key observation of the study is that aerobic exercise stimulates miR-299-5p-targeted resistin inhibition through demethylation, which underlies the mechanism of reducing IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Yujiao Zong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Siqian Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Kangling Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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15
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Zhao X, An X, Yang C, Sun W, Ji H, Lian F. The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149239. [PMID: 37056675 PMCID: PMC10086443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and provides the basis for a common understanding of these chronic diseases. In this study, we provide a systematic review of the causes, mechanisms, and treatments of IR. The pathogenesis of IR depends on genetics, obesity, age, disease, and drug effects. Mechanistically, any factor leading to abnormalities in the insulin signaling pathway leads to the development of IR in the host, including insulin receptor abnormalities, disturbances in the internal environment (regarding inflammation, hypoxia, lipotoxicity, and immunity), metabolic function of the liver and organelles, and other abnormalities. The available therapeutic strategies for IR are mainly exercise and dietary habit improvement, and chemotherapy based on biguanides and glucagon-like peptide-1, and traditional Chinese medicine treatments (e.g., herbs and acupuncture) can also be helpful. Based on the current understanding of IR mechanisms, there are still some vacancies to follow up and consider, and there is also a need to define more precise biomarkers for different chronic diseases and lifestyle interventions, and to explore natural or synthetic drugs targeting IR treatment. This could enable the treatment of patients with multiple combined metabolic diseases, with the aim of treating the disease holistically to reduce healthcare expenditures and to improve the quality of life of patients to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hangyu Ji
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Hangyu Ji,
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16
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Qiu Y, Fernández-García B, Lehmann HI, Li G, Kroemer G, López-Otín C, Xiao J. Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:8-35. [PMID: 36374766 PMCID: PMC9923435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases. It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions. Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health, including the integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations, recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations, homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, as well as repair and regeneration. Furthermore, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise. This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions. We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Benjamin Fernández-García
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Anatomy, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cáncer (CIBERONC), Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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17
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Wagner D, Pearcey SM. Perceived stress and salivary biomarkers in educators: comparison among three stress reduction activities. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 10:617-631. [PMID: 35898594 PMCID: PMC9310819 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The teaching profession is a potentially stressful occupation with up to 30% of all novice teachers leaving the profession and annual teacher turnover is higher when compared with turnover of all other occupations. This study investigated the effects of a one-time stress reduction activity (meditation, yoga, or aerobic exercise) in university and K-12 educators who were part of one-day seminar on Stress Reduction. Methods: Participants (N = 26) self-selected their stress reduction activity, completed a demographic questionnaire, educator stress self-assessment tool, and visual analogue scales indicating current stress levels. Salivary cortisol and amylase levels were measured before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after completion of the stress reduction activity. Results: Three (time) by three (activity) mixed factorial ANOVAs were computed for salivary analytes. The ANOVA for cortisol revealed a significant interaction (F (4, 66) = 3.60, p = .01). Comparisons showed significant differences with the aerobic exercise group having significantly higher cortisol levels at the 30-minute post-activity level when compared to the meditation (p < .05, Cohen’s d = .74) and yoga groups (p < .05, Cohen’s d = .52). Conclusion: Overall, the one-time activity of meditation and yoga showed lowered salivary cortisol levels at 30-minutes post-activity when compared to aerobic exercise activity. Additional research to examine the effects of stress reduction on educators in the work setting is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Wagner
- WellStar School of Nursing, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Sharon M. Pearcey
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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18
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Alheidous S, Al-Muraikhy S, Rizk N, Sellami M, Donati F, Botre F, Al-Mansoori L, Elrayess MA. Effect of sera from elite athletes on cytokine secretion and insulin signaling in preadipocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:943034. [PMID: 36504710 PMCID: PMC9729528 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.943034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The immunomodulatory effect of physical activity can impact insulin signaling differentially in adipose tissues and skeletal muscle cells, depending on sport intensity. In this study, the effect of serum from elite athletes with varying endurance levels and playing different power sports on cytokine secretion and insulin signaling in preadipocyte and skeletal muscle cell lines was investigated. Methods: Preadipocytes (3T3-L1) and skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) were cultured in media containing pooled sera from elite athletes who play high-endurance (HE), high-power (HP), or low-endurance/low-power (LE/LP) sports for 72 h. Secreted cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) were assessed in the supernatant, and insulin signaling phosphoproteins levels were measured in lysates following treatment using cells multiplex immunoassays. Results: Sera from LE/LP and HP induced TNF-α secretion in C2C12, while serum from HE reduced IL-6 secretion compared to non-athlete serum control. All elite athlete sera groups caused decreased insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells, whereas in C2C12 cells, only HE athlete serum reduced insulin signaling, while LE/LP and HP caused increased insulin sensitivity. Conclusion: Sera from elite athletes of different sport disciplines can affect the inflammatory status and insulin signaling of preadipocytes and myoblasts differently, with risk of developing insulin resistance. Furthermore, investigation of the functional relevance of these effects on exercise physiology and pathophysiology is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alheidous
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nasser Rizk
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Francesco Botre
- Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana (FMSI), Rome, Italy,REDs-Research and Expertise in AntiDoping Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Layla Al-Mansoori
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,*Correspondence: Layla Al-Mansoori, ; Mohamed A. Elrayess,
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,*Correspondence: Layla Al-Mansoori, ; Mohamed A. Elrayess,
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19
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Ma Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Xuan J, Gao X, Ding H, Ma C, Chen Y, Yang Y. Roles of physical exercise-induced MiR-126 in cardiovascular health of type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:169. [PMID: 36376958 PMCID: PMC9661802 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physical activity is widely recommended for preventing and treating cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is an angiogenetic regulator abundant in endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). It is primarily involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis for cardiovascular protection. According to recent studies, the levels of miR-126 in the myocardium and circulation are affected by exercise protocol. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-and high-intensity aerobic exercise, whether acute or chronic, can increase circulating miR-126 in healthy adults. Chronic aerobic exercise can effectively rescue the reduction of myocardial and circulating miR-126 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic mice against diabetic vascular injury. Resistance exercise can raise circulating VEGF levels, but it may have a little influence on circulating miR-126. The Several targets of miR-126 have been suggested for cardiovascular fitness, such as sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED1), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7). Here, we present a comprehensive review of the roles of miR-126 and its downstream proteins as exercise mechanisms, and propose that miR-126 can be applied as an exercise indicator for cardiovascular prescriptions and as a preventive or therapeutic target for cardiovascular complications in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Ma
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Junjie Xuan
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Huixian Ding
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chunlian Ma
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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20
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Cipryan L, Litschmannova M, Maffetone PB, Plews DJ, Dostal T, Hofmann P, Laursen PB. Very Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Improves Risk Markers for Cardiometabolic Health More Than Exercise in Men and Women With Overfat Constitution: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:867690. [PMID: 35677551 PMCID: PMC9168912 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.867690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This randomized controlled parallel-group study examined the effects of a very low-carbohydrate high-fat (VLCHF) diet and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program over 12-weeks on cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with overfat constitution. Methods Ninety-one participants out of 109 completed the study. The participants were randomly allocated to the HIIT (N = 22), VLCHF (N = 25), VLCHF+HIIT (N = 25), or control (N = 19) groups for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma samples were collected before the intervention and after 4 and 12 weeks. The analyzed outcomes included complete blood count, glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL-C and LDL-C), lipoprotein(a), adiponectin (Adpn), leptin (Lep), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), other interleukins (hs-IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10), and IL-1RA. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Adpn/Lep ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, and TyG index were calculated and analyzed. Blood pressure was measured before the intervention, after 4, 8, and 12 weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03934476). Results Absolute changes in HOMA-IR, Adpn/Lep ratio, LDL-C, and diastolic blood pressure after 12 weeks differed by study groups (p < 0.05). The most pronounced changes were revealed in the VLCHF (ΔM [95% CI]; HOMA-IR: −0.75 [−1.13; −0.55]; Adpn/Lep: 9.34 [6.33; 37.39]; LDL-C: 0.06 [−0.12; 0.50] mmol/l) and VLCHF+HIIT (HOMA-IR: −0.44 [−1.14; 0.12]; Adpn/Lep: 4.26 [2.24; 13.16]; LDL-C: 0.25 [−0.04; 0.50] mmol/l) groups. Conclusions A 12-week VLCHF diet intervention in individuals with overfat constitution is effective for favorable changes in HOMA-IR (compared to HIIT), Adpn/Lep ratio, and diastolic blood pressure. HIIT, or HIIT combined with the VLCHF diet, had no additional benefits for the analyzed variables. No adverse side effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Cipryan
- Department of Human Movement Studies & Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, The University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Lukas Cipryan ; orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-8797
| | - Martina Litschmannova
- Department of Applied Mathematics, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | | | - Daniel J. Plews
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tomas Dostal
- Department of Human Movement Studies & Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, The University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport & Health, Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul B. Laursen
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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Wolosowicz M, Prokopiuk S, Kaminski TW. Recent Advances in the Treatment of Insulin Resistance Targeting Molecular and Metabolic Pathways: Fighting a Losing Battle? Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58040472. [PMID: 35454311 PMCID: PMC9029454 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is amongst the most notable causes of years of life lost worldwide and its prevalence increases perpetually. The disease is characterized as multisystemic dysfunctions attributed to hyperglycemia resulting directly from insulin resistance (IR), inadequate insulin secretion, or enormous glucagon secretion. Insulin is a highly anabolic peptide hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by hastening cellular glucose uptake as well as controlling carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. In the course of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which accounts for nearly 90% of all cases of diabetes, the insulin response is inadequate, and this condition is defined as Insulin Resistance. IR sequela include, but are not limited to, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular system impairment, chronic inflammation, disbalance in oxidative stress status, and metabolic syndrome occurrence. Despite the substantial progress in understanding the molecular and metabolic pathways accounting for injurious effects of IR towards multiple body organs, IR still is recognized as a ferocious enigma. The number of widely available therapeutic approaches is growing, however, the demand for precise, safe, and effective therapy is also increasing. A literature search was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Clinical Trials Registry databases with a combination of keywords and MeSH terms, and papers published from February 2021 to March 2022 were selected as recently published papers. This review paper aims to provide critical, concise, but comprehensive insights into the advances in the treatment of IR that were achieved in the last months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wolosowicz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Slawomir Prokopiuk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Lomza, Poland;
| | - Tomasz W. Kaminski
- Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Correspondence:
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22
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Melo BP, Zacarias AC, Oliveira JCC, De Souza Cordeiro LM, Wanner SP, Dos Santos ML, Avelar GF, Meeusen R, Heyman E, Soares DD. Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats: The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2022; 32:89-101. [PMID: 34808598 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the combined effects of aerobic exercise (EXE) and cocoa flavanol (COCOA) supplementation on performance, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory and lipid profiles in obese insulin-resistant rats. Therefore, 32 male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were fed a high-fat diet and a fructose-rich beverage for 30 days to induce insulin resistance. Next, the rats were randomized into four groups, orally administered placebo solution or COCOA supplementation (45 mg·kg-1), and either remained sedentary or were subjected to EXE on a treadmill at 60% peak velocity for 30 min, for 8 weeks. Blood samples and peripheral tissues were collected and processed to analyze metabolic and inflammatory parameters, lipid profiles, and morphological parameters. Supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved physical performance and attenuated body mass gain, adipose index, and adipocyte area. When analyzed as individual interventions, supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved glucose intolerance and the lipid profile reduced the concentrations of leptin, glucose, and insulin, and reduced homeostasis assessment index (all effects were p < .001 for both interventions), while ameliorated some inflammatory mediators in examined tissues. In skeletal muscles, both COCOA supplementation and EXE increased the expression of glucose transporter (p < .001 and p < .001), and combined intervention showed additive effects (p < .001 vs. COCOA alone or EXE alone). Thus, combining COCOA with EXE represents an effective nonpharmacological strategy to treat insulin resistance; it could prevent Type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving physical performance, glucose metabolism, neuroendocrine control, and lipid and inflammatory mediators in the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in obese male insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Melo
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | - Aline C Zacarias
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | - Joyce C C Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | | | - Samuel P Wanner
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | - Mara L Dos Santos
- Departament of Morphology, Cellular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | - Gleide F Avelar
- Departament of Morphology, Cellular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology & Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels,Belgium
| | - Elsa Heyman
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Lille,France
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
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Hulett NA, Scalzo RL, Reusch JEB. Glucose Uptake by Skeletal Muscle within the Contexts of Type 2 Diabetes and Exercise: An Integrated Approach. Nutrients 2022; 14:647. [PMID: 35277006 PMCID: PMC8839578 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes continues to negatively impact the health of millions. The inability to respond to insulin to clear blood glucose (insulin resistance) is a key pathogenic driver of the disease. Skeletal muscle is the primary tissue for maintaining glucose homeostasis through glucose uptake via insulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Skeletal muscle is also responsive to exercise-meditated glucose transport, and as such, exercise is a cornerstone for glucose management in people with type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake requires a concert of events. First, the glucose-rich blood must be transported to the skeletal muscle. Next, the glucose must traverse the endothelium, extracellular matrix, and skeletal muscle membrane. Lastly, intracellular metabolic processes must be activated to maintain the diffusion gradient to facilitate glucose transport into the cell. This review aims to examine the physiology at each of these steps in healthy individuals, analyze the dysregulation affecting these pathways associated with type 2 diabetes, and describe the mechanisms by which exercise acts to increase glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Hulett
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.A.H.); (R.L.S.)
| | - Rebecca L. Scalzo
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.A.H.); (R.L.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jane E. B. Reusch
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.A.H.); (R.L.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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24
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it still remains an orphan of adequate therapies. This review highlights the interaction between oxidative stress (OS) and disturbed lipid metabolism. Several reactive oxygen species generators, including those produced in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the lipotoxic hepatic (and extrahepatic) damage by fatty acids and a great variety of their biologically active metabolites in a “multiple parallel-hit model”. This leads to inflammation and fibrogenesis and contributes to NAFLD progression. The alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance affect also metabolism-related organelles, leading to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This OS-induced damage is at least partially counteracted by the physiological antioxidant response. Therefore, modulation of this defense system emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. For instance, probiotics, prebiotics, diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. The OS and its counter-regulation are under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors, coupled with new OS biomarkers, will likely assist in noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD progression and in further personalizing treatments.
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25
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YIN H, YANG X, LIU S, ZENG J, CHEN S, ZHANG S, LIU Y, ZHAO YT. Total flavonoids from Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers inhibits TNF-α-induced insulin resistance and inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via MAPK and NF-кB signaling pathways. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.45222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - You LIU
- Ocean University, P. R. China
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26
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Pascual-Morena C, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Martínez-Hortelano JA, Reina-Gutiérrez S, Saz-Lara A, Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo S, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Physical Exercise vs. Metformin to Improve Delivery- and Newborn-Related Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With Overweight: A Network Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:796009. [PMID: 34957166 PMCID: PMC8696129 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.796009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overweight/obesity is associated with the risk of delivery- and newborn-related complications in pregnancy. Interventions such as exercise or metformin could reduce the risk of these complications. Objective: To estimate and compare the effects of different types of exercise interventions (i.e., aerobic, resistance, combined exercise) and metformin on delivery- and newborn-related outcomes among pregnant women with overweight/obesity. Methods: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases and the gray literature were searched from inception to September 2021. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CDR: 42019121715). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of metformin or an exercise intervention aimed at preventing cesarean section, preterm birth, macrosomia, or birth weight among pregnant women with overweight/obesity were included. Random effects meta-analyses and frequentist network meta-analyses (NMA) were conducted for each outcome. Results: Fifteen RCTs were included. In the NMA, metformin reduced the risk of cesarean section (RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.95), combined exercise reduced the risk of macrosomia (RR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.95), and aerobic exercise reduced birth weight (mean difference = -96.66 g, 95% CI: -192.45, -0.88). In the subgroup among pregnant women with obesity, metformin reduced the risk of cesarean section (RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.97). Conclusions: Combined exercise could reduce the risk of macrosomia in pregnant women with overweight, whereas metformin could reduce the risk of cesarean section in pregnant women with obesity. However, previous evidence suggests a larger effect of physical exercise in other outcomes for this population group. Therefore, the medicalization of healthy pregnant women with obesity is not justified by the current evidence. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42019121715; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019121715.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Rehabilitation in Health Research Center (CIRES), Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - José Alberto Martínez-Hortelano
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Guadalajara University Hospital, Health Service of Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Sara Reina-Gutiérrez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Alicia Saz-Lara
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Pathophysiology of Physical Inactivity-Dependent Insulin Resistance: A Theoretical Mechanistic Review Emphasizing Clinical Evidence. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7796727. [PMID: 34660812 PMCID: PMC8516544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7796727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle has a negative impact on health. It is usually accompanied by increased stress levels and lower physical activity, which interferes with body homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common metabolic disorder with increasing prevalence globally, associated with various risk factors, including lower physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. It has been shown that sedentary behavior increases the risk of insulin resistance, but the intermediate molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this mechanistic review, we explore the possible interactions between physical inactivity and insulin resistance to help better understand the pathophysiology of physical inactivity-dependent insulin resistance and finding novel interventions against these deleterious pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Pascual-Morena C, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Lucerón-Lucas-Torres M, Sanabria-Martínez G, Poyatos-León R, Rodríguez-Martín B, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Exercise versus Metformin to Improve Pregnancy Outcomes among Overweight Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163490. [PMID: 34441786 PMCID: PMC8397096 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Being overweight is associated with pregnancy-related disorders such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and excessive maternal weight gain (MWG). Exercise and metformin reduce the risk of these disorders. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to compare the effect of metformin and different types of exercise (aerobic, resistance and combined) on the risk of GDM, HDP, and MWG among overweight/obese pregnant women. Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to June 2021. Meta-analyses and NMAs were performed. Sixteen randomized controlled trials were included. In the NMA, aerobic exercise showed an effect on GDM (RR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.97), and metformin a reduction in MWG (MWG = -2.93 kg, 95% CI = -4.98, -0.87). No intervention showed any effect on the reduction of HDP. Our study suggests that aerobic exercise may have the greatest effect in reducing the risk of GDM, and perhaps, the MWG. Strategies should be developed to increase adherence to this type of intervention among overweight women without contraindications. Although metformin could reduce MWG, medicalization of pregnancy in healthy women is not justified with the present results. More research is needed on the effect of the intensity and frequency of exercise sessions and the length of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pascual-Morena
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (C.Á.-B.); (M.L.-L.-T.); (G.S.-M.); (R.P.-L.); (B.R.-M.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (C.Á.-B.); (M.L.-L.-T.); (G.S.-M.); (R.P.-L.); (B.R.-M.); (V.M.-V.)
- Rehabilitation in Health Research Center (CIRES), Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 72819, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (C.Á.-B.); (M.L.-L.-T.); (G.S.-M.); (R.P.-L.); (B.R.-M.); (V.M.-V.)
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción 001518, Paraguay
| | - Maribel Lucerón-Lucas-Torres
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (C.Á.-B.); (M.L.-L.-T.); (G.S.-M.); (R.P.-L.); (B.R.-M.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Gema Sanabria-Martínez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (C.Á.-B.); (M.L.-L.-T.); (G.S.-M.); (R.P.-L.); (B.R.-M.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Raquel Poyatos-León
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (C.Á.-B.); (M.L.-L.-T.); (G.S.-M.); (R.P.-L.); (B.R.-M.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (C.Á.-B.); (M.L.-L.-T.); (G.S.-M.); (R.P.-L.); (B.R.-M.); (V.M.-V.)
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (C.P.-M.); (C.Á.-B.); (M.L.-L.-T.); (G.S.-M.); (R.P.-L.); (B.R.-M.); (V.M.-V.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
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30
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Paving the Road Toward Exploiting the Therapeutic Effects of Ginsenosides: An Emphasis on Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:137-160. [PMID: 33861443 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death processes such as apoptosis and autophagy strongly contribute to the onset and progression of cancer. Along with these lines, modulation of cell death mechanisms to combat cancer cells and elimination of resistance to apoptosis is of great interest. It appears that modulation of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with specific agents would be beneficial in the treatment of several disorders. Interestingly, it has been suggested that herbal natural products may be suitable candidates for the modulation of these processes due to few side effects and significant therapeutic potential. Ginsenosides are derivatives of ginseng and exert modulatory effects on the molecular mechanisms associated with autophagy and ER stress. Ginsenosides act as smart phytochemicals that confer their effects by up-regulating ATG proteins and converting LC3-I to -II, which results in maturation of autophagosomes. Not only do ginsenosides promote autophagy but they also possess protective and therapeutic properties due to their capacity to modulate ER stress and up- and down-regulate and/or dephosphorylate UPR transducers such as IRE1, PERK, and ATF6. Thus, it would appear that ginsenosides are promising agents to potentially restore tissue malfunction and possibly eliminate cancer.
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31
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Yaribeygi H, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Natural Insulin Sensitizers for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Possible Molecular Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:401-410. [PMID: 34981492 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a growing health challenge globally which is increasing in epidemic proportion. Naturally occurring pharmacological agents are more likely to provide beneficial therapeutic effects without undesirable side effects compared to the synthetic agents. There is a growing evidence that some naturally occurring pharmacological agents derived from plants have potential antihyperglycemic effects. In this study, we have reviewed the molecular mechanism behind potential hypoglycemic properties of four well-known herbal-based agents, namely, ginger, curcumin, garlic, and cinnamon. Also, we present the related clinical data confirming experimental results aiming to develop novel therapeutic strategies based on these herbal agents potentially for the management of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Medicine The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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32
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Abstract
Lifestyle modification is widely considered to be the cornerstone of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treatment. However, 45% of women with PCOS have reported that they have never been provided information about lifestyle management. This highlights a significant gap in knowledge and is reflective of the lack of evidence-based guidance for lifestyle modification. While more detailed and comprehensive studies are being performed, it is necessary for health professionals to develop effective action plans utilizing the available evidence. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current data regarding the impact of lifestyle modifications on the disease course of PCOS.
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The Influence of Physical Activity on the Bioactive Lipids Metabolism in Obesity-Induced Muscle Insulin Resistance. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121665. [PMID: 33322719 PMCID: PMC7764345 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet consumption and lack of physical activity are important risk factors for metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance is a state of a weakened response of tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver to insulin, which causes an increase in blood glucose levels. This condition is the result of inhibition of the intracellular insulin signaling pathway. Skeletal muscle is an important insulin-sensitive tissue that accounts for about 80% of insulin-dependent glucose uptake. Although the exact mechanism by which insulin resistance is induced has not been thoroughly understood, it is known that insulin resistance is most commonly associated with obesity. Therefore, it is believed that lipids may play an important role in inducing insulin resistance. Among lipids, researchers’ attention is mainly focused on biologically active lipids: diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramides. These lipids are able to regulate the activity of intracellular enzymes, including those involved in insulin signaling. Available data indicate that physical activity affects lipid metabolism and has a positive effect on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles. In this review, we have presented the current state of knowledge about the impact of physical activity on insulin resistance and metabolism of biologically active lipids.
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34
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Houttu V, Boulund U, Grefhorst A, Soeters MR, Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Nieuwdorp M, Holleboom AG. The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820941745. [PMID: 32973925 PMCID: PMC7495942 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820941745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the human gut microbiome has been found to influence a multitude of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, with its components type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It is recognized to be mainly influenced by environmental factors, such as lifestyle, but also genetics may play a role. The interaction of gut microbiota and obesity has been widely studied, but in regard to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a manifestation of obesity and insulin resistance, the causal role of the gut microbiome has not been fully established. The mechanisms by which the gut microbiome influences lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses, and occurrence of fibrosis in the liver are a topic of active research. In addition, the influence of exercise on gut microbiome composition is also being investigated. In clinical trials, exercise reduced hepatic steatosis independently of weight reduction. Other studies indicate that exercise may modulate the gut microbiome. This puts forward the question whether exercise could mediate its beneficial effects on NAFLD via changes in gut microbiome. Yet, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Thus, associative evidence from clinical trials, as well as mechanistic studies in vivo are called for to elucidate the relationship between exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD. Here, we review the current literature on exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Houttu
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrika Boulund
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R. Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G. Holleboom
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Short-Term Combined Exercise Improves Inflammatory Profile in the Retina of Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176099. [PMID: 32847099 PMCID: PMC7503303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess of adipose tissue increases the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, triggering a subclinical inflammatory condition. This inflammatory profile contributes to retina damage, which can lead to retinal dysfunction and reduced vision. Regularly practicing both aerobic and strength exercises is well known for promoting anti-inflammatory effects on different organs in the peripheral and central regions. However, the effects of combined physical exercise (CPE; strength + aerobic) on the inflammatory process in the retina tissue are not yet known. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CPE on the inflammatory profile of the retina in obese mice. Swiss mice were distributed into control, sedentary obese, and trained obese groups. The trained obese group was subjected to short-term CPE, 1 h/day, for 7 days. The CPE was composed of aerobic and strength exercises in the same exercise session. The strength exercise protocol consisted of 10 climbing series, with 12 ± 1 dynamic climbing movements at 70% of the maximum voluntary carrying capacity (MVCC), and the aerobic exercise protocol consisted of 30 min of treadmill running, with an intensity of 75% of the exhaust velocity. Subsequently, the retina was excised and analyzed by Western blot. Obese animals presented impairment on glucose homeostasis and elevated levels of proinflammatory proteins in the serum and retina; however, CPE was effective in reversing these parameters, independently of changes in body adiposity. Therefore, for the first time, we have shown that short-term CPE can be an important strategy to treat an inflammatory profile in the retina.
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Ceylan Hİ, Saygın Ö, Özel Türkcü Ü. Assessment of acute aerobic exercise in the morning versus evening on asprosin, spexin, lipocalin-2, and insulin level in overweight/obese versus normal weight adult men. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1252-1268. [PMID: 32741294 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1792482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of aerobic exercise when performed in the morning and evening on obesity-related hormones of asprosin, spexin, lipocalin-2, and insulin in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OO) adults. A total of 20 adult male individuals (10 NW and 10 OW/OO) volunteered their participation. Both groups were subjected to an aerobic exercise protocol in moderate intensity (heart rate reserve of 55-59%) for 30 min at two different time periods of the day (morning: 08:00-10:00 h, evening: 20.00-22.00 h) at least 3 d apart. BeBis analysis revealed the OW/OO group consumed significantly less energy (1781.59 ± 410.71 kcal) as compared with NW group (2380.28 ± 445.50 kcal) before the evening exercise (about 3 d) (p <.05). As compared with the NW group, basal serum asprosin, insulin, and lipocalin-2 hormone levels were higher in the OW/OO group, and serum spexin level was lower in OW/OO group (p <.05). Body temperature significantly increased after morning and evening aerobic exercise in both groups. The increase in body temperature was significantly higher after the evening exercise in the OW/OO group compared to the NW group (p <.05). Significant decrease in serum asprosin lipocalin-2, and insulin levels was observed in both groups after exercise (p <.05). Evening aerobic exercise more greatly decreased serum asprosin, lipocalin-2, and insulin level in the OW/OO group as compared with the NW group (p <.05). In conclusion, it is thought that negative energy balance caused by psychological energy restriction and evening aerobic exercise, which leads to a further increase in body temperature, triggers greater decrease of orexigenic signals (suppression of appetite), and is more effective in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin sensitivity, especially in OW/OO group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Faculty of Kazim Karabekir Education, Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Ataturk University , Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Özcan Saygın
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Coaching Science Department, Mugla Sitki Kocman University , Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ümmühani Özel Türkcü
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Mugla Sitki Kocman University , Muğla, Turkey
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Fujita N, Goto N, Nakamura T, Nino W, Ono T, Nishijo H, Urakawa S. Hyperbaric Normoxia Improved Glucose Metabolism and Decreased Inflammation in Obese Diabetic Rat. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2694215. [PMID: 31828157 PMCID: PMC6885850 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2694215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric treatment improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. However, its mode of action is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influences of regular hyperbaric treatment with normal air at 1.3 atmospheres absolute (ATA) on glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes with obesity. The focus was directed on inflammatory cytokines in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were used as models of type 2 diabetes with obesity and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats served as healthy controls. The rats were randomly assigned to untreated or hyperbaric treatment groups exposed to 1.3 ATA for 8 h d-1 and 5 d wk-1 for 16 wks. Glucose levels were significantly higher in the diabetic than in the healthy control rats. Nevertheless, glucose levels at 30 and 60 min after glucose administration were significantly lower in the diabetic rats treated with 1.3 ATA than in the untreated diabetic rats. Insulin levels at fasting and 120 min after glucose administration were significantly lower in the diabetic rats treated with 1.3 ATA than in the untreated diabetic rats. Hyperbaric treatment also increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression in the skeletal muscle and decreased tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression in adipose tissue. These results suggested that TNFα downregulation and IL-10 upregulation in diabetic rats subjected to hyperbaric treatment participate in the crosstalk between the adipose and skeletal muscle tissues and improve glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujita
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Natsuki Goto
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Wataru Nino
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Susumu Urakawa
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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38
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Santos JM, Mendonça VA, Ribeiro VGC, Tossige-Gomes R, Fonseca SF, Prates ACN, Flor J, Oliveira ACC, Martins JB, Garcia BCC, Leite HR, Figueiredo PHS, Bernardo-Filho M, Lacerda ACR. Does whole body vibration exercise improve oxidative stress markers in women with fibromyalgia? Braz J Med Biol Res 2019; 52:e8688. [PMID: 31389493 PMCID: PMC6686277 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise on oxidative stress markers in a group of women with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to a group of healthy women (CT). Twenty-one women diagnosed with FM and 21 age- and weight-matched healthy women were enrolled the study. Plasma oxidative stress markers (primary outcomes) were evaluated at rest and after WBV, and included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), iron reduction capacity (FRAP), superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD), and catalase (CAT). At rest, the FM group had higher TBARS (P<0.001) and FRAP (P<0.001), and lower CAT (P=0.005) compared to the CT. In the CT group, the WBV had no effect on TBARS (P=0.559) and FRAP (P=0.926), whereas it increased both SOD (P<0.001) and CAT (P<0.001). In the FM group, the WBV reduced TBARS (p <0.001), FRAP (P<0.001), and CAT (P=0.005), while it increased SOD (P=0.019). There was an interaction effect (moments vs groups) in the TBARS (effect size=1.34), FRAP (effect size=0.93), CAT (effect size=1.45), and SOD (effect size=1.44) (P<0.001). A single trial of WBV exercise improved all oxidant and antioxidant parameters towards a greater adaptation to the stress response in FM women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - V A Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - V G C Ribeiro
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - R Tossige-Gomes
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - S F Fonseca
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - A C N Prates
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - J Flor
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - A C C Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - J B Martins
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - B C C Garcia
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - H R Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - P H S Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - M Bernardo-Filho
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A C R Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
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Plavsic L, Knezevic OM, Sovtic A, Minic P, Vukovic R, Mazibrada I, Stanojlovic O, Hrncic D, Rasic-Markovic A, Macut D. Effects of high-intensity interval training and nutrition advice on cardiometabolic markers and aerobic fitness in adolescent girls with obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:294-300. [PMID: 31386826 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and nutrition advice on cardiometabolic biomarkers, hormonal parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescent girls with obesity. Adolescent girls with obesity (n = 44, aged 13-19 years) were randomized into a 12-week intervention as follows: (i) dietary advice and HIIT (n = 22), and (ii) dietary advice only (n = 22). The concentration of biomarkers of inflammation, biochemical and hormonal testing, oral glucose tolerance test, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity levels, and nutrition were assessed. After a 3-month intervention, the diet+HIIT group significantly increased insulin sensitivity index (-0.34 ± 1.52 vs. 1.05 ± 3.21; p = 0.001) and work load (0.6 ± 11.3 W vs. 14.6 ± 20.2 W; p = 0.024) and decreased glucose area under the curve (-0.29 ± 4.69 vs. -0.98 ± 4.06; p = 0.040), insulin area under the curve (-9.65 ± 117.9 vs. -98.7 ± 201.8; p = 0.003), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (0.12 ± 1.92 mg/L vs. -1.47 ± 3.67 mg/L; p = 0.039) in comparison with the diet group. Regarding within-group changes, both groups had significant improvements in body mass index (BMI), BMI-standard deviation score, body fat percentage, and systolic blood pressure. Positive impact on waist circumference, waist circumference/height ratio, diastolic blood pressure, hs-CRP, work load, maximal heart rate, and resting heart rate was observed only after the diet+HIIT intervention. No significant change was noted in peak oxygen uptake, lipid profile, and hormonal parameters between groups after intervention. Novelty HIIT and nutrition advice increased insulin sensitivity and decreased BMI, body fat, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Nutrition advice decreased BMI, body fat, and systolic blood pressure in adolescent girls with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Plavsic
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoja Dakica 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera M Knezevic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Sovtic
- Department of Pulmonology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoja Dakica 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Minic
- Department of Pulmonology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoja Dakica 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rade Vukovic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Endocrinology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoja Dakica 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilijana Mazibrada
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoja Dakica 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlovic
- Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrncic
- Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic
- Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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40
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Roberts L, Suzuki K. Exercise and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060155. [PMID: 31159470 PMCID: PMC6617227 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Llion Roberts
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia.
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
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41
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Hamer JA, Testani D, Mansur RB, Lee Y, Subramaniapillai M, McIntyre RS. Brain insulin resistance: A treatment target for cognitive impairment and anhedonia in depression. Exp Neurol 2019; 315:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yaribeygi H, Yaribeygi A, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Molecular mechanisms of trehalose in modulating glucose homeostasis in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2214-2218. [PMID: 31235159 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disorder contributing to significant morbidity and mortality in humans. Many preventative and therapeutic agents have been developed for normalizing glycemic profile in patients with diabetes. In addition to various pharmacologic strategies, many non-pharmacological agents have also been suggested to improve glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide which is not synthesized in human but is widely used in food industries. Some studies have provided evidence indicating that it can potentially modulate glucose metabolism and help to stabilize glucose homeostasis in patients with diabetes. Studies have shown that trehalose can significantly modulate insulin sensitivity via at least 7 molecular pathways leading to better control of hyperglycemia. In the current study, we concluded about possible anti-hyperglycemic effects of trehalose suggesting trehalose as a potentially potent non-pharmacological agent for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Alijan Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Mechanistic effects of SGLT2 inhibition on blood pressure in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1679-1683. [PMID: 31336541 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing worldwide leading to increased morbidity and mortality through diabetes related microvascular and macrovascular disease. The treatment of hypertension has been shown to be a major therapeutic intervention for the prevention of cardiovascular events and other diabetes related complications in diabetes. Sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) are newly introduced anti-diabetes drugs that lower blood glucose by the inhibition of glucose reuptake and the induction of glycosuria. However, there is increasing evidence showing their cardiovascular benefit beyond the improvement of glycemic control. Here we review the latest findings on the effect of SGLT2i on blood pressure in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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