1
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Rai A, Claridge B, Lozano J, Greening DW. The Discovery of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emergence as a Next-Generation Therapy. Circ Res 2024; 135:198-221. [PMID: 38900854 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
From their humble discovery as cellular debris to cementing their natural capacity to transfer functional molecules between cells, the long-winded journey of extracellular vesicles (EVs) now stands at the precipice as a next-generation cell-free therapeutic tool to revolutionize modern-day medicine. This perspective provides a snapshot of the discovery of EVs to their emergence as a vibrant field of biology and the renaissance they usher in the field of biomedical sciences as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular pathologies. Rapid development of bioengineered EVs is providing innovative opportunities to overcome biological challenges of natural EVs such as potency, cargo loading and enhanced secretion, targeting and circulation half-life, localized and sustained delivery strategies, approaches to enhance systemic circulation, uptake and lysosomal escape, and logistical hurdles encompassing scalability, cost, and time. A multidisciplinary collaboration beyond the field of biology now extends to chemistry, physics, biomaterials, and nanotechnology, allowing rapid development of designer therapeutic EVs that are now entering late-stage human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
| | - Bethany Claridge
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - Jonathan Lozano
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
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2
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Turner NP. Playing pin-the-tail-on-the-protein in extracellular vesicle (EV) proteomics. Proteomics 2024:e2400074. [PMID: 38899939 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202400074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are anucleate particles enclosed by a lipid bilayer that are released from cells via exocytosis or direct budding from the plasma membrane. They contain an array of important molecular cargo such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and can transfer these cargoes to recipient cells as a means of intercellular communication. One of the overarching paradigms in the field of EV research is that EV cargo should reflect the biological state of the cell of origin. The true relationship or extent of this correlation is confounded by many factors, including the numerous ways one can isolate or enrich EVs, overlap in the biophysical properties of different classes of EVs, and analytical limitations. This presents a challenge to research aimed at detecting low-abundant EV-encapsulated nucleic acids or proteins in biofluids for biomarker research and underpins technical obstacles in the confident assessment of the proteomic landscape of EVs that may be affected by sample-type specific or disease-associated proteoforms. Improving our understanding of EV biogenesis, cargo loading, and developments in top-down proteomics may guide us towards advanced approaches for selective EV and molecular cargo enrichment, which could aid EV diagnostics and therapeutics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie P Turner
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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3
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Chowdhury R, Eslami S, Pham CV, Rai A, Lin J, Hou Y, Greening DW, Duan W. Role of aptamer technology in extracellular vesicle biology and therapeutic applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11457-11479. [PMID: 38856692 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanosized membrane-bound vesicles that are important intercellular signalling regulators in local cell-to-cell and distant cell-to-tissue communication. Their inherent capacity to transverse cell membranes and transfer complex bioactive cargo reflective of their cell source, as well as their ability to be modified through various engineering and modification strategies, have attracted significant therapeutic interest. Molecular bioengineering strategies are providing a new frontier for EV-based therapy, including novel mRNA vaccines, antigen cross-presentation and immunotherapy, organ delivery and repair, and cancer immune surveillance and targeted therapeutics. The revolution of EVs, their diversity as biocarriers and their potential to contribute to intercellular communication, is well understood and appreciated but is ultimately dependent on the development of methods and techniques for their isolation, characterization and enhanced targeting. As single-stranded oligonucleotides, aptamers, also known as chemical antibodies, offer significant biological, chemical, economic, and therapeutic advantages in terms of their size, selectivity, versatility, and multifunctional programming. Their integration into the field of EVs has been contributing to the development of isolation, detection, and analysis pipelines associated with bioengineering strategies for nano-meets-molecular biology, thus translating their use for therapeutic and diagnostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocky Chowdhury
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, and IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia.
| | - Sadegh Eslami
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cuong Viet Pham
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingchu Hou
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular and Cellular Biology College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, and IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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4
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Wu K, Shieh JS, Qin L, Guo JJ. Mitochondrial mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:76. [PMID: 38849951 PMCID: PMC11162051 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders characterized by prolonged muscle inflammation, resulting in enduring pain and diminished functionality, pose significant challenges for the patients. Emerging scientific evidence points to mitochondrial malfunction as a pivotal factor contributing to these ailments. Mitochondria play a critical role in powering skeletal muscle activity, but in the context of persistent inflammation, disruptions in their quantity, configuration, and performance have been well-documented. Various disturbances, encompassing alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (such as fission and fusion), calcium regulation, oxidative stress, biogenesis, and the process of mitophagy, are believed to play a central role in the progression of these disorders. Additionally, unfolded protein responses and the accumulation of fatty acids within muscle cells may adversely affect the internal milieu, impairing the equilibrium of mitochondrial functioning. The structural discrepancies between different mitochondrial subsets namely, intramyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal mitochondria likely impact their metabolic capabilities and susceptibility to inflammatory influences. The release of signals from damaged mitochondria is known to incite inflammatory responses. Intriguingly, migrasomes and extracellular vesicles serve as vehicles for intercellular transfer of mitochondria, aiding in the removal of impaired mitochondria and regulation of inflammation. Viral infections have been implicated in inducing stress on mitochondria. Prolonged dysfunction of these vital organelles sustains oxidative harm, metabolic irregularities, and heightened cytokine release, impeding the body's ability to repair tissues. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of advancements in understanding changes in the intracellular environment, mitochondrial architecture and distribution, biogenesis, dynamics, autophagy, oxidative stress, cytokines associated with mitochondria, vesicular structures, and associated membranes in the context of chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders. Strategies targeting key elements regulating mitochondrial quality exhibit promise in the restoration of mitochondrial function, alleviation of inflammation, and enhancement of overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Sheng Shieh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of the Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Jiong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
- MOE China-Europe Sports Medicine Belt and Road Joint Laboratory, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Greening DW, Rai A, Simpson RJ. Extracellular vesicles-An omics view. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2400128. [PMID: 38676335 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202400128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Abyadeh M, Mirshahvaladi S, Kashani SA, Paulo JA, Amirkhani A, Mehryab F, Seydi H, Moradpour N, Jodeiryjabarzade S, Mirzaei M, Gupta V, Shekari F, Salekdeh GH. Proteomic profiling of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: Impact of isolation methods on protein cargo. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e159. [PMID: 38947171 PMCID: PMC11212298 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles with a lipid bilayer that are secreted by cells and play a critical role in cell-to-cell communication. Despite the promising reports regarding their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, the utilization of EVs in the clinical setting is limited due to insufficient information about their cargo and a lack of standardization in isolation and analysis methods. Considering protein cargos in EVs as key contributors to their therapeutic potency, we conducted a tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis of three subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs obtained through three different isolation techniques: ultracentrifugation (UC), high-speed centrifugation (HS), and ultracentrifugation on sucrose cushion (SU). Subsequently, we checked EV marker expression, size distribution, and morphological characterization, followed by bioinformatic analysis. The bioinformatic analysis of the proteome results revealed that these subpopulations exhibit distinct molecular and functional characteristics. The choice of isolation method impacts the proteome of isolated EVs by isolating different subpopulations of EVs. Specifically, EVs isolated through the high-speed centrifugation (HS) method exhibited a higher abundance of ribosomal and mitochondrial proteins. Functional apoptosis assays comparing isolated mitochondria with EVs isolated through different methods revealed that HS-EVs, but not other EVs, induced early apoptosis in cancer cells. On the other hand, EVs isolated using the sucrose cushion (SU) and ultracentrifugation (UC) methods demonstrated a higher abundance of proteins primarily involved in the immune response, cell-cell interactions and extracellular matrix interactions. Our analyses unveil notable disparities in proteins and associated biological functions among EV subpopulations, underscoring the importance of meticulously selecting isolation methods and resultant EV subpopulations based on the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Shahab Mirshahvaladi
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sara Assar Kashani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- Australian Proteome Analysis FacilityMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Homeyra Seydi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
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7
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Cross J, Rai A, Fang H, Claridge B, Greening DW. Rapid and in-depth proteomic profiling of small extracellular vesicles for ultralow samples. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300211. [PMID: 37786918 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The integration of robust single-pot, solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation with powerful liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is routinely used to define the extracellular vesicle (EV) proteome landscape and underlying biology. However, EV proteome studies are often limited by sample availability, requiring upscaling cell cultures or larger volumes of biofluids to generate sufficient materials. Here, we have refined data independent acquisition (DIA)-based MS analysis of EV proteome by optimizing both protein enzymatic digestion and chromatography gradient length (ranging from 15 to 44 min). Our short 15 min gradient length can reproducibly quantify 1168 (from as little as 500 pg of EV peptides) to 3882 proteins groups (from 50 ng peptides), including robust quantification of 22 core EV marker proteins. Compared to data-dependent acquisition, DIA achieved significantly greater EV proteome coverage and quantification of low abundant protein species. Moreover, we have achieved optimal magnetic bead-based sample preparation tailored to low quantities of EVs (0.5 to 1 µg protein) to obtain sufficient peptides for MS quantification of 1908-2340 protein groups. We demonstrate the power and robustness of our pipeline in obtaining sufficient EV proteomes granularity of different cell sources to ascertain known EV biology. This underscores the capacity of our optimised workflow to capture precise and comprehensive proteome of EVs, especially from ultra-low sample quantities (sub-nanogram), an important challenge in the field where obtaining in-depth proteome information is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Cross
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation (CaRTI), School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bethany Claridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation (CaRTI), School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation (CaRTI), School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Johnston EL, Guy-Von Stieglitz S, Zavan L, Cross J, Greening DW, Hill AF, Kaparakis-Liaskos M. The effect of altered pH growth conditions on the production, composition, and proteomes of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300269. [PMID: 37991474 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain cargo derived from their parent bacteria. Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative human pathogen that produces urease to increase the pH of the surrounding environment to facilitate colonization of the gastric mucosa. However, the effect of acidic growth conditions on the production and composition of H. pylori OMVs is unknown. In this study, we examined the production, composition, and proteome of H. pylori OMVs produced during acidic and neutral pH growth conditions. H. pylori growth in acidic conditions reduced the quantity and size of OMVs produced. Additionally, OMVs produced during acidic growth conditions had increased protein, DNA, and RNA cargo compared to OMVs produced during neutral conditions. Proteomic analysis comparing the proteomes of OMVs to their parent bacteria demonstrated significant differences in the enrichment of beta-lactamases and outer membrane proteins between bacteria and OMVs, supporting that differing growth conditions impacts OMV composition. We also identified differences in the enrichment of proteins between OMVs produced during different pH growth conditions. Overall, our findings reveal that growth of H. pylori at different pH levels is a factor that alters OMV proteomes, which may affect their subsequent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella L Johnston
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sebastian Guy-Von Stieglitz
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Lauren Zavan
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Jonathon Cross
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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9
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Useckaite Z, Newman LA, Hopkins AM, Klebe S, Colella AD, Chegeni N, Williams R, Sorich MJ, Rodrigues AD, Chataway TK, Rowland A. Proteomic profiling of paired human liver homogenate and tissue derived extracellular vesicles. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300025. [PMID: 38037300 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in technologies to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) and detect/quantify their cargo underpin the novel potential of these circulating particles as a liquid biopsy to understand physiology and disease. One organ of particular interest in terms of utilizing EVs as a liquid biopsy is the liver. The extent to which EVs originating from the liver reflect the functional status of this organ remains unknown. This is an important knowledge gap that underpins the utility of circulating liver derived EVs as a liquid biopsy. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the proteomic profile of EVs isolated from the extracellular space of liver tissue (LEV) and compare this profile to that of paired tissue (LH). LCMS analyses detected 2892 proteins in LEV and 2673 in LH. Of the 2673 proteins detected in LH, 1547 (58%) were also detected in LEV. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated comparable representation of proteins in terms of biological functions and cellular compartments. Although, enriched representation of membrane proteins and associated functions was observed in LEV, while representation of nuclear proteins and associated functions was depleted in LEV. These data support the potential use of circulating liver derived EVs as a liquid biopsy for this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren A Newman
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alex D Colella
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Proteomics Facility, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nusha Chegeni
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Proteomics Facility, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ruth Williams
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A David Rodrigues
- Pharmacokinetics & Drug Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tim K Chataway
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Proteomics Facility, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Liao H, Zhang C, Wang F, Jin F, Zhao Q, Wang X, Wang S, Gao J. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle proteins as new biomarkers and targets in precision oncology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00109-024-02452-6. [PMID: 38814362 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers of signaling molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and have become a focus of increasing interest due to their numerous physiological and pathological functions. For a long time, most studies on EV components focused on noncoding RNAs; however, in recent years, extracellular vesicle proteins (EVPs) have been found to play important roles in diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance and thus have been considered favorable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various tumors. In this review, we describe the general protocols of research on EVPs and summarize their multifaceted roles in precision medicine applications, including cancer diagnosis, dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, drug resistance research, tumor microenvironment interaction research, and anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Chi Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
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11
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Qi R, Zhang Y, Yan F. Exosomes enriched by miR-429-3p derived from ITGB1 modified Telocytes alleviates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension through regulating Rac1 expression. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:32. [PMID: 38767703 PMCID: PMC11106170 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have emphasized the critical role of Telocytes (TCs)-derived exosomes in organ tissue injury and repair. Our previous research showed a significant increase in ITGB1 within TCs. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is marked by a loss of microvessel regeneration and progressive vascular remodeling. This study aims to investigate whether exosomes derived from ITGB1-modified TCs (ITGB1-Exo) could mitigate PAH. METHODS We analyzed differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRs) in TCs using Affymetrix Genechip miRNA 4.0 arrays. Exosomes isolated from TC culture supernatants were verified through transmission electron microscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. The impact of miR-429-3p-enriched exosomes (Exo-ITGB1) on hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) was evaluated using CCK-8, transwell assay, and inflammatory factor analysis. A four-week hypoxia-induced mouse model of PAH was constructed, and H&E staining, along with Immunofluorescence staining, were employed to assess PAH progression. RESULTS Forty-five miRNAs exhibited significant differential expression in TCs following ITGB1 knockdown. Mus-miR-429-3p, significantly upregulated in ITGB1-overexpressing TCs and in ITGB1-modified TC-derived exosomes, was selected for further investigation. Exo-ITGB1 notably inhibited the migration, proliferation, and inflammation of PASMCs by targeting Rac1. Overexpressing Rac1 partly counteracted Exo-ITGB1's effects. In vivo administration of Exo-ITGB1 effectively reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that ITGB1-modified TC-derived exosomes exert anti-inflammatory effects and reverse vascular remodeling through the miR-429-3p/Rac1 axis. This provides potential therapeutic strategies for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Qi
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Yan
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Yew MJ, Heywood SE, Ng J, West OM, Pal M, Kueh A, Lancaster GI, Myers S, Yang C, Liu Y, Reibe S, Mellett NA, Meikle PJ, Febbraio MA, Greening DW, Drew BG, Henstridge DC. ACAD10 is not required for metformin's metabolic actions or for maintenance of whole-body metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1731-1745. [PMID: 38351663 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM Acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase family member 10 (ACAD10) is a mitochondrial protein purported to be involved in the fatty acid oxidation pathway. Metformin is the most prescribed therapy for type 2 diabetes; however, its precise mechanisms of action(s) are still being uncovered. Upregulation of ACAD10 is a requirement for metformin's ability to inhibit growth in cancer cells and extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, it is unknown whether ACAD10 plays a role in metformin's metabolic actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed the role for ACAD10 on whole-body metabolism and metformin action by generating ACAD10KO mice on a C57BL/6J background via CRISPR-Cas9 technology. In-depth metabolic phenotyping was conducted in both sexes on a normal chow and high fat-high sucrose diet. RESULTS Compared with wildtype mice, we detected no difference in body composition, energy expenditure or glucose tolerance in male or female ACAD10KO mice, on a chow diet or high-fat, high-sucrose diet (p ≥ .05). Hepatic mitochondrial function and insulin signalling was not different between genotypes under basal or insulin-stimulated conditions (p ≥ .05). Glucose excursions following acute administration of metformin before a glucose tolerance test were not different between genotypes nor was body composition or energy expenditure altered after 4 weeks of daily metformin treatment (p ≥ .05). Despite the lack of a metabolic phenotype, liver lipidomic analysis suggests ACAD10 depletion influences the abundance of specific ceramide species containing very long chain fatty acids, while metformin treatment altered clusters of cholesterol ester, plasmalogen, phosphatidylcholine and ceramide species. CONCLUSIONS Loss of ACAD10 does not alter whole-body metabolism or impact the acute or chronic metabolic actions of metformin in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Yew
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sarah E Heywood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joe Ng
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Olivia M West
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Martin Pal
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Stephen Myers
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christine Yang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yingying Liu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saskia Reibe
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian G Drew
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren C Henstridge
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Turner NP. Food-derived extracellular vesicles in the human gastrointestinal tract: Opportunities for personalised nutrition and targeted therapeutics. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e154. [PMID: 38939572 PMCID: PMC11080705 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Food-derived extracellular vesicles (FDEVs) such as those found in mammalian milk and plants are of great interest for both their health benefits and ability to act as biological nanocarriers. While the extracellular vesicle (EV) field is expanding rapidly to perform characterisation studies on FDEVs from plants, yeasts and bacteria, species-specific differences in EV uptake and function in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract are poorly understood. Moreover, the effects of food processing on the EV surfaceome and intraluminal content also raises questions surrounding biological viability once consumed. Here, I present a case for increasing community-wide focus on understanding the cellular uptake of FDEVs from different animal, plant, yeast, and bacterial species and how this may impact their function in the human, which will have implications for human health and therapeutic strategies alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie P. Turner
- Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia
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14
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Wu CC, Tsantilas KA, Park J, Plubell D, Sanders JA, Naicker P, Govender I, Buthelezi S, Stoychev S, Jordaan J, Merrihew G, Huang E, Parker ED, Riffle M, Hoofnagle AN, Noble WS, Poston KL, Montine TJ, MacCoss MJ. Mag-Net: Rapid enrichment of membrane-bound particles enables high coverage quantitative analysis of the plasma proteome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.10.544439. [PMID: 38617345 PMCID: PMC11014469 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.10.544439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Membrane-bound particles in plasma are composed of exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies and represent ~1-2% of the total protein composition. Proteomic interrogation of this subset of plasma proteins augments the representation of tissue-specific proteins, representing a "liquid biopsy," while enabling the detection of proteins that would otherwise be beyond the dynamic range of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of unfractionated plasma. We have developed an enrichment strategy (Mag-Net) using hyper-porous strong-anion exchange magnetic microparticles to sieve membrane-bound particles from plasma. The Mag-Net method is robust, reproducible, inexpensive, and requires <100 μL plasma input. Coupled to a quantitative data-independent mass spectrometry analytical strategy, we demonstrate that we can collect results for >37,000 peptides from >4,000 plasma proteins with high precision. Using this analytical pipeline on a small cohort of patients with neurodegenerative disease and healthy age-matched controls, we discovered 204 proteins that differentiate (q-value < 0.05) patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) from those without ADD. Our method also discovered 310 proteins that were different between Parkinson's disease and those with either ADD or healthy cognitively normal individuals. Using machine learning we were able to distinguish between ADD and not ADD with a mean ROC AUC = 0.98 ± 0.06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C. Wu
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jea Park
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deanna Plubell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin A. Sanders
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gennifer Merrihew
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward D. Parker
- Vision Core Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Riffle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew N. Hoofnagle
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William S. Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen L. Poston
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA, USA
| | | | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Hermann DM, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Giebel B, Pluchino S. Extracellular vesicles set the stage for brain plasticity and recovery by multimodal signalling. Brain 2024; 147:372-389. [PMID: 37768167 PMCID: PMC10834259 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extremely versatile naturally occurring membrane particles that convey complex signals between cells. EVs of different cellular sources are capable of inducing striking therapeutic responses in neurological disease models. Differently from pharmacological compounds that act by modulating defined signalling pathways, EV-based therapeutics possess multiple abilities via a variety of effectors, thus allowing the modulation of complex disease processes that may have very potent effects on brain tissue recovery. When applied in vivo in experimental models of neurological diseases, EV-based therapeutics have revealed remarkable effects on immune responses, cell metabolism and neuronal plasticity. This multimodal modulation of neuroimmune networks by EVs profoundly influences disease processes in a highly synergistic and context-dependent way. Ultimately, the EV-mediated restoration of cellular functions helps to set the stage for neurological recovery. With this review we first outline the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of EVs, describing how EVs released from various cellular sources identify their cellular targets and convey signals to recipient cells. Then, mechanisms of action applicable to key neurological conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases are presented. Pathways that deserve attention in specific disease contexts are discussed. We subsequently showcase considerations about EV biodistribution and delineate genetic engineering strategies aiming at enhancing brain uptake and signalling. By sketching a broad view of EV-orchestrated brain plasticity and recovery, we finally define possible future clinical EV applications and propose necessary information to be provided ahead of clinical trials. Our goal is to provide a steppingstone that can be used to critically discuss EVs as next generation therapeutics for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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16
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Hüttmann N, Li Y, Poolsup S, Zaripov E, D’Mello R, Susevski V, Minic Z, Berezovski MV. Surface Proteome of Extracellular Vesicles and Correlation Analysis Reveal Breast Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:520. [PMID: 38339272 PMCID: PMC10854524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and accounts for approximately 25% of new cancer cases in Canadian women. Using biomarkers as a less-invasive BC diagnostic method is currently under investigation but is not ready for practical application in clinical settings. During the last decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising source of biomarkers because they contain cancer-derived proteins, RNAs, and metabolites. In this study, EV proteins from small EVs (sEVs) and medium EVs (mEVs) were isolated from BC MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 and non-cancerous breast epithelial MCF10A cell lines and then analyzed by two approaches: global proteomic analysis and enrichment of EV surface proteins by Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin labeling. From the first approach, proteomic profiling identified 2459 proteins, which were subjected to comparative analysis and correlation network analysis. Twelve potential biomarker proteins were identified based on cell line-specific expression and filtered by their predicted co-localization with known EV marker proteins, CD63, CD9, and CD81. This approach resulted in the identification of 11 proteins, four of which were further investigated by Western blot analysis. The presence of transmembrane serine protease matriptase (ST14), claudin-3 (CLDN3), and integrin alpha-7 (ITGA7) in each cell line was validated by Western blot, revealing that ST14 and CLDN3 may be further explored as potential EV biomarkers for BC. The surface labeling approach enriched proteins that were not identified using the first approach. Ten potential BC biomarkers (Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), Elongation factor 2 (EEF2), DEAD/H box RNA helicase (DDX10), progesterone receptor (PGR), Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10), Aconitase 2 (ACO2), UTP20 small subunit processome component (UTP20), NEDD4 binding protein 2 (N4BP2), Programmed cell death 6 (PDCD6)) were selected from surface proteins commonly identified from MDA-MB-231 and MCF7, but not identified in MCF10A EVs. In total, 846 surface proteins were identified from the second approach, of which 11 were already known as BC markers. This study supports the proposition that Evs are a rich source of known and novel biomarkers that may be used for non-invasive detection of BC. Furthermore, the presented datasets could be further explored for the identification of potential biomarkers in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hüttmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.H.); (Y.L.); (S.P.); (E.Z.); (R.D.); (V.S.)
- John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Yingxi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.H.); (Y.L.); (S.P.); (E.Z.); (R.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Suttinee Poolsup
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.H.); (Y.L.); (S.P.); (E.Z.); (R.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Emil Zaripov
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.H.); (Y.L.); (S.P.); (E.Z.); (R.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Rochelle D’Mello
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.H.); (Y.L.); (S.P.); (E.Z.); (R.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Vanessa Susevski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.H.); (Y.L.); (S.P.); (E.Z.); (R.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Zoran Minic
- John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Maxim V. Berezovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.H.); (Y.L.); (S.P.); (E.Z.); (R.D.); (V.S.)
- John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
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17
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Aloi N, Drago G, Ruggieri S, Cibella F, Colombo P, Longo V. Extracellular Vesicles and Immunity: At the Crossroads of Cell Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1205. [PMID: 38256278 PMCID: PMC10816988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes and microvesicles, are small membranous structures secreted by nearly all cell types. They have emerged as crucial mediators in intercellular communication, playing pivotal roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, notably within the realm of immunity. These roles go beyond mere cellular interactions, as extracellular vesicles stand as versatile and dynamic components of immune regulation, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. Their multifaceted involvement includes immune cell activation, antigen presentation, and immunomodulation, emphasising their significance in maintaining immune homeostasis and contributing to the pathogenesis of immune-related disorders. Extracellular vesicles participate in immunomodulation by delivering a wide array of bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, thereby influencing gene expression in target cells. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review that encompasses in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms through which EVs modulate human immunity. Understanding the intricate interplay between extracellular vesicles and immunity is imperative for unveiling novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools applicable to various immunological disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. Furthermore, recognising the potential of EVs as versatile drug delivery vehicles holds significant promise for the future of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (N.A.); (G.D.); (S.R.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
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18
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Claridge B, Rai A, Lees JG, Fang H, Lim SY, Greening DW. Cardiomyocyte intercellular signalling increases oxidative stress and reprograms the global- and phospho-proteome of cardiac fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e125. [PMID: 38938901 PMCID: PMC11080892 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Pathological reprogramming of cardiomyocyte and fibroblast proteome landscapes drive the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis. Although the secretome of dysfunctional cardiomyocytes is emerging as an important driver of pathological fibroblast reprogramming, our understanding of the downstream molecular players remains limited. Here, we show that cardiac fibroblast activation (αSMA+) and oxidative stress mediated by the secretome of TGFβ-stimulated cardiomyocytes is associated with a profound reprogramming of their proteome and phosphoproteome landscape. Within the fibroblast global proteome there was a striking dysregulation of proteins implicated in extracellular matrix, protein localisation/metabolism, KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway, lysosomes, carbohydrate metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Kinase substrate enrichment analysis of phosphopeptides revealed potential role of kinases (CK2, CDK2, PKC, GSK3B) during this remodelling. We verified upregulated activity of casein kinase 2 (CK2) in secretome-treated fibroblasts, and pharmacological CK2 inhibitor TBB (4,5,6,7-Tetrabromobenzotriazole) significantly abrogated fibroblast activation and oxidative stress. Our data provides molecular insights into cardiomyocyte to cardiac fibroblast crosstalk, and the potential role of CK2 in regulating cardiac fibroblast activation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Claridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jarmon G. Lees
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery and MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shiang Y. Lim
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery and MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart CentreSingaporeSingapore
- Drug Discovery Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - David W. Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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19
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Fonseca Teixeira A, Wu S, Luwor R, Zhu HJ. A New Era of Integration between Multiomics and Spatio-Temporal Analysis for the Translation of EMT towards Clinical Applications in Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2740. [PMID: 38067168 PMCID: PMC10706093 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial to metastasis by increasing cancer cell migration and invasion. At the cellular level, EMT-related morphological and functional changes are well established. At the molecular level, critical signaling pathways able to drive EMT have been described. Yet, the translation of EMT into efficient diagnostic methods and anti-metastatic therapies is still missing. This highlights a gap in our understanding of the precise mechanisms governing EMT. Here, we discuss evidence suggesting that overcoming this limitation requires the integration of multiple omics, a hitherto neglected strategy in the EMT field. More specifically, this work summarizes results that were independently obtained through epigenomics/transcriptomics while comprehensively reviewing the achievements of proteomics in cancer research. Additionally, we prospect gains to be obtained by applying spatio-temporal multiomics in the investigation of EMT-driven metastasis. Along with the development of more sensitive technologies, the integration of currently available omics, and a look at dynamic alterations that regulate EMT at the subcellular level will lead to a deeper understanding of this process. Further, considering the significance of EMT to cancer progression, this integrative strategy may enable the development of new and improved biomarkers and therapeutics capable of increasing the survival and quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Fonseca Teixeira
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia (S.W.); (R.L.)
- Huagene Institute, Kecheng Science and Technology Park, Pukou District, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia (S.W.); (R.L.)
- Huagene Institute, Kecheng Science and Technology Park, Pukou District, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Rodney Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia (S.W.); (R.L.)
- Huagene Institute, Kecheng Science and Technology Park, Pukou District, Nanjing 211800, China
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
- Health, Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia (S.W.); (R.L.)
- Huagene Institute, Kecheng Science and Technology Park, Pukou District, Nanjing 211800, China
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20
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Dai C, Guo X, Pan Z, Wan C, Yang D, Li Y, Lian C, An Y, Zhang T, Yang F, Zhu L, Yin F, Wang R, Li Z. Pyridinium-Based Strategy for a Bioorthogonal Conjugation-Assisted Purification Method for Profiling Cell Surface Proteome. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17125-17134. [PMID: 37934015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface proteins (CSPs) are valuable targets for therapeutic agents, but achieving highly selective CSP enrichment in cellular physiology remains a technical challenge. To address this challenge, we propose a newly developed sulfo-pyridinium ester (SPE) cross-linking probe, followed by two-step imaging and enrichment. The SPE probe showed higher efficiency in labeling proteins than similar NHS esters at the level of cell lysates and demonstrated specificity for Lys in competitive experiments. More importantly, this probe could selectively label the cell membranes in cell imaging with only negligible labeling of the intracellular compartment. Moreover, we successfully performed this strategy on MCF-7 live cells to label 425 unique CSPs from 1162 labeled proteins. Finally, we employed our probe to label the CSPs of insulin-cultured MCF-7, revealing several cell surface targets of key functional biomarkers and insulin-associated pathogenesis. The above results demonstrate that the SPE method provides a promising tool for the selective labeling of cell surface proteins and monitoring transient cell surface events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Dai
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoheng Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wan
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Yang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Li
- China Medical System Holdings Limited, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chenshan Lian
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao An
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Tuanjie Zhang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Fadeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yin
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Zigang Li
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, Sichuan, P. R. China
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21
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Liu Y, Fu T, Li G, Li B, Luo G, Li N, Geng Q. Mitochondrial transfer between cell crosstalk - An emerging role in mitochondrial quality control. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102038. [PMID: 37625463 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular signaling and component conduction are essential for multicellular organisms' homeostasis, and mitochondrial transcellular transport is a key example of such cellular component exchange. In physiological situations, mitochondrial transfer is linked with biological development, energy coordination, and clearance of harmful components, remarkably playing important roles in maintaining mitochondrial quality. Mitochondria are engaged in many critical biological activities, like oxidative metabolism and biomolecular synthesis, and are exclusively prone to malfunction in pathological processes. Importantly, severe mitochondrial damage will further amplify the defects in the mitochondrial quality control system, which will mobilize more active mitochondrial transfer, replenish exogenous healthy mitochondria, and remove endogenous damaged mitochondria to facilitate disease outcomes. This review explores intercellular mitochondrial transport in cells, its role in cellular mitochondrial quality control, and the linking mechanisms in cellular crosstalk. We also describe advances in therapeutic strategies for diseases that target mitochondrial transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tinglv Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guorui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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22
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Meng Q, Chen C, Yang N, Gololobova O, Shi C, Dunn CA, Rossi M, Martindale JL, Basisty N, Ding J, Delannoy M, Basu S, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Shin CH, Yang JH, Johnson PF, Witwer KW, Biragyn A, Sen P, Abdelmohsen K, De S, Gorospe M. Surfaceome analysis of extracellular vesicles from senescent cells uncovers uptake repressor DPP4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219801120. [PMID: 37862381 PMCID: PMC10614838 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219801120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells are beneficial for repairing acute tissue damage, but they are harmful when they accumulate in tissues, as occurs with advancing age. Senescence-associated extracellular vesicles (S-EVs) can mediate cell-to-cell communication and export intracellular content to the microenvironment of aging tissues. Here, we studied the uptake of EVs from senescent cells (S-EVs) and proliferating cells (P-EVs) and found that P-EVs were readily taken up by proliferating cells (fibroblasts and cervical cancer cells) while S-EVs were not. We thus investigated the surface proteome (surfaceome) of P-EVs relative to S-EVs derived from cells that had reached senescence via replicative exhaustion, exposure to ionizing radiation, or treatment with etoposide. We found that relative to P-EVs, S-EVs from all senescence models were enriched in proteins DPP4, ANXA1, ANXA6, S10AB, AT1A1, and EPHB2. Among them, DPP4 was found to selectively prevent uptake by proliferating cells, as ectopic overexpression of DPP4 in HeLa cells rendered DPP4-expressing EVs that were no longer taken up by other proliferating cells. We propose that DPP4 on the surface of S-EVs makes these EVs refractory to internalization by proliferating cells, advancing our knowledge of the impact of senescent cells in aging-associated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Meng
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Chen Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Na Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Olesia Gololobova
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Changyou Shi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Christopher A. Dunn
- Flow Cytometry Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Martina Rossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Jennifer L. Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Jun Ding
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Michael Delannoy
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Srikanta Basu
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Chang Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Jen-Hao Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Peter F. Johnson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Arya Biragyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Payel Sen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
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23
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Lee YJ, Chae S, Choi D. Monitoring of single extracellular vesicle heterogeneity in cancer progression and therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1256585. [PMID: 37823055 PMCID: PMC10562638 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1256585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells actively release lipid bilayer extracellular vesicles (EVs) that affect their microenvironment, favoring their progression and response to extracellular stress. These EVs contain dynamically regulating molecular cargos (proteins and nucleic acids) selected from their parental cells, representing the active biological functionality for cancer progression. These EVs are heterogeneous according to their size and molecular composition and are usually defined based on their biogenetic mechanisms, such as exosomes and ectosomes. Recent single EV detection technologies, such as nano-flow cytometry, have revealed the dynamically regulated molecular diversity within bulk EVs, indicating complex EV heterogeneity beyond classical biogenetic-based EV subtypes. EVs can be changed by internal oncogenic transformation or external stress such as chemotherapy. Among the altered combinations of EV subtypes, only a specific set of EVs represents functional molecular cargo, enabling cancer progression and immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment through their altered targeting efficiency and specificity. This review covers the heterogeneity of EVs discovered by emerging single EV analysis technologies, which reveal the complex distribution of EVs affected by oncogenic transformation and chemotherapy. Encouragingly, these unique molecular signatures in individual EVs indicate the status of their parental cancer cells. Thus, precise molecular profiling of circulating single EVs would open new areas for in-depth monitoring of the cancer microenvironment and shed new light on non-invasive diagnostic approaches using liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dongsic Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam, Republic of Korea
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24
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Lin W, Fang J, Wei S, He G, Liu J, Li X, Peng X, Li D, Yang S, Li X, Yang L, Li H. Extracellular vesicle-cell adhesion molecules in tumours: biofunctions and clinical applications. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:246. [PMID: 37735659 PMCID: PMC10512615 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule (CAM) is an umbrella term for several families of molecules, including the cadherin family, integrin family, selectin family, immunoglobulin superfamily, and some currently unclassified adhesion molecules. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important information mediators in cell-to-cell communication. Recent evidence has confirmed that CAMs transported by EVs interact with recipient cells to influence EV distribution in vivo and regulate multiple cellular processes. This review focuses on the loading of CAMs onto EVs, the roles of CAMs in regulating EV distribution, and the known and possible mechanisms of these actions. Moreover, herein, we summarize the impacts of CAMs transported by EVs to the tumour microenvironment (TME) on the malignant behaviour of tumour cells (proliferation, metastasis, immune escape, and so on). In addition, from the standpoint of clinical applications, the significance and challenges of using of EV-CAMs in the diagnosis and therapy of tumours are discussed. Finally, considering recent advances in the understanding of EV-CAMs, we outline significant challenges in this field that require urgent attention to advance research and promote the clinical applications of EV-CAMs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikai Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jianjun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Guangpeng He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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25
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Chai P, Lebedenko CG, Flynn RA. RNA Crossing Membranes: Systems and Mechanisms Contextualizing Extracellular RNA and Cell Surface GlycoRNAs. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2023; 24:85-107. [PMID: 37068783 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-101722-101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The subcellular localization of a biopolymer often informs its function. RNA is traditionally confined to the cytosolic and nuclear spaces, where it plays critical and conserved roles across nearly all biochemical processes. Our recent observation of cell surface glycoRNAs may further explain the extracellular role of RNA. While cellular membranes are efficient gatekeepers of charged polymers such as RNAs, a large body of research has demonstrated the accumulation of specific RNA species outside of the cell, termed extracellular RNAs (exRNAs). Across various species and forms of life, protein pores have evolved to transport RNA across membranes, thus providing a mechanistic path for exRNAs to achieve their extracellular topology. Here, we review types of exRNAs and the pores capable of RNA transport to provide a logical and testable path toward understanding the biogenesis and regulation of cell surface glycoRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Chai
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlotta G Lebedenko
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan A Flynn
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Alli AA. Extracellular Vesicles: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Diabetes-Associated Hypertension and Diabetic Nephropathy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1138. [PMID: 37627022 PMCID: PMC10452642 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are released by all cell types and are found in biological fluids including plasma and urine. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a mixed population of EVs that comprise small EVs that are filtered and excreted, EVs secreted by tubular epithelial cells, and EVs released from the bladder, urethra, and prostate. The packaged cargo within uEVs includes bioactive molecules such as metabolites, lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs. These molecules are involved in intercellular communication, elicit changes in intracellular signaling pathways, and play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including diabetes-associated hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. uEVs represent a rich source of biomarkers, prognosis markers, and can be loaded with small-molecule drugs as a vehicle for delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel A. Alli
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; ; Tel.: +1-352-273-7877
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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27
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Huang X, Li A, Xu P, Yu Y, Li S, Hu L, Feng S. Current and prospective strategies for advancing the targeted delivery of CRISPR/Cas system via extracellular vesicles. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:184. [PMID: 37291577 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising platform for gene delivery owing to their natural properties and phenomenal functions, being able to circumvent the significant challenges associated with toxicity, problematic biocompatibility, and immunogenicity of the standard approaches. These features are of particularly interest for targeted delivery of the emerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems. However, the current efficiency of EV-meditated transport of CRISPR/Cas components remains insufficient due to numerous exogenous and endogenous barriers. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the current status of EV-based CRISPR/Cas delivery systems. In particular, we explored various strategies and methodologies available to potentially improve the loading capacity, safety, stability, targeting, and tracking for EV-based CRISPR/Cas system delivery. Additionally, we hypothesise the future avenues for the development of EV-based delivery systems that could pave the way for novel clinically valuable gene delivery approaches, and may potentially bridge the gap between gene editing technologies and the laboratory/clinical application of gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Aifang Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Yangfan Yu
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
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28
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Deng D, Li X, Zhang JJ, Yin Y, Tian Y, Gan D, Wu R, Wang J, Tian BM, Chen FM, He XT. Biotin-Avidin System-Based Delivery Enhances the Therapeutic Performance of MSC-Derived Exosomes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8530-8550. [PMID: 37115712 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (EXs) shed by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potent therapeutic agents that promote wound healing and regeneration, but when used alone in vivo, their therapeutic potency is diminished by rapid clearance and bioactivity loss. Inspired by the biotin-avidin interaction, we developed a simple yet versatile method for the immobilization of MSC-derived EXs (MSC-EXs) into hydrogels and achieved sustained release for regenerative purposes. First, biotin-modified gelatin methacryloyl (Bio-GelMA) was fabricated by grafting NHS-PEG12-biotin onto the amino groups of GelMA. Biotin-modified MSC-EXs (Bio-EXs) were then synthesized using an in situ self-assembling biotinylation strategy, which provided sufficient binding sites for MSC-EX delivery with little effect on their cargo composition. Thereafter, Bio-EXs were immobilized in Bio-GelMA via streptavidin to generate Bio-GelMA@Bio-EX hydrogels. An in vitro analysis demonstrated that Bio-EXs could be taken up by macrophages and exerted immunomodulatory effects similar to those of MSC-EXs, and Bio-GelMA@Bio-EX hydrogels provided sustained release of MSC-EXs for 7 days. After subcutaneous transplantation, a more constant retention of MSC-EXs in Bio-GelMA@Bio-EX hydrogels was observed for up to 28 days. When placed in an artificial periodontal multitissue defect, the functionalized hydrogels exhibited an optimized therapeutic performance to regrow complex periodontal tissues, including acellular cementum, periodontal ligaments (PDLs), and alveolar bone. In this context, Bio-GelMA@Bio-EX hydrogels exerted a robust immunomodulatory effect that promoted macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype. Our findings demonstrate that MSC-EXs delivered with the aid of the biotin-avidin system exhibit robust macrophage-modulating and repair-promoting functions and suggest a universal approach for the development of MSC-EX-functionalized biomaterials for advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daokun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Jiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
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29
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Greening DW, Xu R, Ale A, Hagemeyer CE, Chen W. Extracellular vesicles as next generation immunotherapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 90:73-100. [PMID: 36773820 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as a mode of intercellular communication and molecular transfer to elicit diverse biological/functional response. Accumulating evidence has highlighted that EVs from immune, tumour, stromal cells and even bacteria and parasites mediate the communication of various immune cell types to dynamically regulate host immune response. EVs have an innate capacity to evade recognition, transport and transfer functional components to target cells, with subsequent removal by the immune system, where the immunological activities of EVs impact immunoregulation including modulation of antigen presentation and cross-dressing, immune activation, immune suppression, and immune surveillance, impacting the tumour immune microenvironment. In this review, we outline the recent progress of EVs in immunorecognition and therapeutic intervention in cancer, including vaccine and targeted drug delivery and summarise their utility towards clinical translation. We highlight the strategies where EVs (natural and engineered) are being employed as a therapeutic approach for immunogenicity, tumoricidal function, and vaccine development, termed immuno-EVs. With seminal studies providing significant progress in the sequential development of engineered EVs as therapeutic anti-tumour platforms, we now require direct assessment to tune and improve the efficacy of resulting immune responses - essential in their translation into the clinic. We believe such a review could strengthen our understanding of the progress in EV immunobiology and facilitate advances in engineering EVs for the development of novel EV-based immunotherapeutics as a platform for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rong Xu
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anukreity Ale
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph E Hagemeyer
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Zhou X, Liu S, Lu Y, Wan M, Cheng J, Liu J. MitoEVs: A new player in multiple disease pathology and treatment. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12320. [PMID: 37002588 PMCID: PMC10065981 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage plays vital roles in the pathology of many diseases, such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, aging, metabolic diseases and many types of organ injury. However, the regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial functions among different cells or organs in vivo is still unclear, and efficient therapies for attenuating mitochondrial damage are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanovesicles that can deliver bioactive cargoes among cells or organs. Interestingly, recent evidence shows that diverse mitochondrial contents are enriched in certain EV subpopulations, and such mitoEVs can deliver mitochondrial components to affect the functions of recipient cells under different conditions, which has emerged as a hot topic in this field. However, the overview and many essential questions with respect to this event remain elusive. In this review, we provide a global view of mitoEVs biology and mainly focus on the detailed sorting mechanisms, functional mitochondrial contents, and diverse biological effects of mitoEVs. We also discuss the pathogenic or therapeutic roles of mitoEVs in different diseases and highlight their potential as disease biomarkers or therapies in clinical translation. This review will provide insights into the pathology and drug development for various mitochondrial injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular NetworkWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular NetworkWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yanrong Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular NetworkWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular NetworkWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jingping Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular NetworkWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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31
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Chen YC, Smith M, Ying YL, Makridakis M, Noonan J, Kanellakis P, Rai A, Salim A, Murphy A, Bobik A, Vlahou A, Greening DW, Peter K. Quantitative proteomic landscape of unstable atherosclerosis identifies molecular signatures and therapeutic targets for plaque stabilization. Commun Biol 2023; 6:265. [PMID: 36914713 PMCID: PMC10011552 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to myocardial infarction is a major global health burden. Applying the tandem stenosis (TS) mouse model, which distinctively exhibits the characteristics of human plaque instability/rupture, we use quantitative proteomics to understand and directly compare unstable and stable atherosclerosis. Our data highlight the disparate natures and define unique protein signatures of unstable and stable atherosclerosis. Key proteins and pathway networks are identified such as the innate immune system, and neutrophil degranulation. The latter includes calprotectin S100A8/A9, which we validate in mouse and human unstable plaques, and we demonstrate the plaque-stabilizing effects of its inhibition. Overall, we provide critical insights into the unique proteomic landscape of unstable atherosclerosis (as distinct from stable atherosclerosis and vascular tissue). We further establish the TS model as a reliable preclinical tool for the discovery and testing of plaque-stabilizing drugs. Finally, we provide a knowledge resource defining unstable atherosclerosis that will facilitate the identification and validation of long-sought-after therapeutic targets and drugs for plaque stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Meaghan Smith
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ya-Lan Ying
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jonathan Noonan
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Agus Salim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Murphy
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Haematopoiseis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - David W Greening
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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32
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Fang H, Greening DW. An Optimized Data-Independent Acquisition Strategy for Comprehensive Analysis of Human Plasma Proteome. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2628:93-107. [PMID: 36781781 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2978-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cartography of the plasma proteome remains technically challenging, primarily due to the abundance and dynamic range of plasma proteins and their concentrations, exceeding ten orders of magnitude, including low-abundant tissue-derived proteins in the pg/mL range. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) has seen advances in unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of the plasma proteome. Here, we describe a comprehensive proteomic workflow of human plasma from clinically relevant sample (10 μL) that includes anti-protein immunodepletion and highly sensitive sample preparation workflow, with optimized scheduled isolation DIA-MS and deep learning analysis. This approach results in over 960 proteins quantified from a single-shot analysis of broad dynamic range, across 8 orders of magnitude (8.2 ng/L to 0.67 g/L). We further compare data-dependent acquisition (DDA) MS to highlight the advantage in protein quantification and inter-sample variation. These developments have provided streamlined identification of the human plasma proteome, including low-abundant tissue-enriched proteins, and applications toward understanding the plasma proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Neonatal Plasma Exosomes Contribute to Endothelial Cell-Mediated Angiogenesis and Cardiac Repair after Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043196. [PMID: 36834610 PMCID: PMC9959818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) accompanied by cardiac remodeling still lacks effective treatment to date. Accumulated evidences suggest that exosomes from various sources play a cardioprotective and regenerative role in heart repair, but their effects and mechanisms remain intricate. Here, we found that intramyocardial delivery of plasma exosomes from neonatal mice (npEXO) could help to repair the adult heart in structure and function after AMI. In-depth proteome and single-cell transcriptome analyses suggested that npEXO ligands were majorly received by cardiac endothelial cells (ECs), and npEXO-mediated angiogenesis might serve as a pivotal reason to ameliorate the infarcted adult heart. We then innovatively constructed systematical communication networks among exosomal ligands and cardiac ECs and the final 48 ligand-receptor pairs contained 28 npEXO ligands (including the angiogenic factors, Clu and Hspg2), which mainly mediated the pro-angiogenic effect of npEXO by recognizing five cardiac EC receptors (Kdr, Scarb1, Cd36, etc.). Together, the proposed ligand-receptor network in our study might provide inspiration for rebuilding the vascular network and cardiac regeneration post-MI.
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Mangolini V, Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Rodà F, Del Prete A, Forleo L, Rossetto RA, Bedoni M. Biochemical Characterization of Human Salivary Extracellular Vesicles as a Valuable Source of Biomarkers. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020227. [PMID: 36829504 PMCID: PMC9953587 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural nanoparticles secreted under physiological and pathological conditions. Thanks to their diagnostic potential, EVs are increasingly being studied as biomarkers of a variety of diseases, including neurological disorders. To date, most studies on EV biomarkers use blood as the source, despite different disadvantages that may cause an impure isolation of the EVs. In the present article, we propose the use of saliva as a valuable source of EVs that could be studied as biomarkers in an easily accessible biofluid. Using a comparable protocol for the isolation of EVs from both liquid biopsies, salivary EVs showed greater purity in terms of co-isolates (evaluated by nanoparticle tracking analysis and Conan test). In addition, Raman spectroscopy was used for the identification of the overall biochemical composition of EVs coming from the two different biofluids. Even considering the limited amount of EVs that can be isolated from saliva, the use of Raman spectroscopy was not hampered, and it was able to provide a comprehensive characterization of EVs in a high throughput and repeatable manner. Raman spectroscopy can thus represent a turning point in the application of salivary EVs in clinics, taking advantage of the simple method of collection of the liquid biopsy and of the quick, sensitive and label-free biophotonics-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mangolini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25122 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Francesca Rodà
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42100 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Luana Forleo
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Bedoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.B.)
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35
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Menter DG, Bresalier RS. An Aspirin a Day: New Pharmacological Developments and Cancer Chemoprevention. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:165-186. [PMID: 36202092 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052020-023107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention refers to the use of natural or synthetic agents to reverse, suppress, or prevent the progression or recurrence of cancer. A large body of preclinical and clinical data suggest the ability of aspirin to prevent precursor lesions and cancers, but much of the clinical data are inferential and based on descriptive epidemiology, case control, and cohort studies or studies designed to answer other questions (e.g., cardiovascular mortality). Multiple pharmacological, clinical, and epidemiologic studies suggest that aspirin can prevent certain cancers but may also cause other effects depending on the tissue or disease and organ site in question. The best-known biological targets of aspirin are cyclooxygenases, which drive a wide variety of functions, including hemostasis, inflammation, and immune modulation. Newly recognized molecular and cellular interactions suggest additional modifiable functional targets, and the existence of consensus molecular cancer subtypes suggests that aspirin may have differential effects based on tumor heterogeneity. This review focuses on new pharmacological developments and innovations in biopharmacology that clarify the potential role of aspirin in cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA;
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36
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Single-cell extracellular vesicle analysis by microfluidics and beyond. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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37
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Deng DK, Zhang JJ, Gan D, Zou JK, Wu RX, Tian Y, Yin Y, Li X, Chen FM, He XT. Roles of extracellular vesicles in periodontal homeostasis and their therapeutic potential. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:545. [PMID: 36585740 PMCID: PMC9801622 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal tissue is a highly dynamic and frequently stimulated area where homeostasis is easily destroyed, leading to proinflammatory periodontal diseases. Bacteria-bacteria and cell-bacteria interactions play pivotal roles in periodontal homeostasis and disease progression. Several reviews have comprehensively summarized the roles of bacteria and stem cells in periodontal homeostasis. However, they did not describe the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bacteria and cells. As communication mediators evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to eukaryotic cells, EVs secreted by bacteria or cells can mediate interactions between bacteria and their hosts, thereby offering great promise for the maintenance of periodontal homeostasis. This review offers an overview of EV biogenesis, the effects of EVs on periodontal homeostasis, and recent advances in EV-based periodontal regenerative strategies. Specifically, we document the pathogenic roles of bacteria-derived EVs (BEVs) in periodontal dyshomeostasis, focusing on plaque biofilm formation, immune evasion, inflammatory pathway activation and tissue destruction. Moreover, we summarize recent advancements in cell-derived EVs (CEVs) in periodontal homeostasis, emphasizing the multifunctional biological effects of CEVs on periodontal tissue regeneration. Finally, we discuss future challenges and practical perspectives for the clinical translation of EV-based therapies for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Kun Deng
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Jiu Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dian Gan
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-Kang Zou
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xin Wu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Tian
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yin
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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Fatmous M, Rai A, Poh QH, Salamonsen LA, Greening DW. Endometrial small extracellular vesicles regulate human trophectodermal cell invasion by reprogramming the phosphoproteome landscape. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1078096. [PMID: 36619864 PMCID: PMC9813391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1078096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of cyclical events within the uterus are crucial for pregnancy establishment. These include endometrial regeneration following menses, under the influence of estrogen (proliferative phase), then endometrial differentiation driven by estrogen/progesterone (secretory phase), to provide a microenvironment enabling attachment of embryo (as a hatched blastocyst) to the endometrial epithelium. This is followed by invasion of trophectodermal cells (the outer layer of the blastocyst) into the endometrium tissue to facilitate intrauterine development. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released by endometrial epithelial cells during the secretory phase have been shown to facilitate trophoblast invasion; however, the molecular mechanisms that underline this process remain poorly understood. Here, we show that density gradient purified sEVs (1.06-1.11 g/ml, Alix+ and TSG101+, ∼180 nm) from human endometrial epithelial cells (hormonally primed with estrogen and progesterone vs. estrogen alone) are readily internalized by a human trophectodermal stem cell line and promote their invasion into Matrigel matrix. Mass spectrometry-based proteome analysis revealed that sEVs reprogrammed trophectoderm cell proteome and their cell surface proteome (surfaceome) to support this invasive phenotype through upregulation of pro-invasive regulators associated with focal adhesions (NRP1, PTPRK, ROCK2, TEK), embryo implantation (FBLN1, NIBAN2, BSG), and kinase receptors (EPHB4/B2, ERBB2, STRAP). Kinase substrate prediction highlighted a central role of MAPK3 as an upstream kinase regulating target cell proteome reprogramming. Phosphoproteome analysis pinpointed upregulation of MAPK3 T204/T202 phosphosites in hTSCs following sEV delivery, and that their pharmacological inhibition significantly abrogated invasion. This study provides novel molecular insights into endometrial sEVs orchestrating trophoblast invasion, highlighting the microenvironmental regulation of hTSCs during embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Fatmous
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University (LTU), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, LTU, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qi Hui Poh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, LTU, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, LTU, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lois A. Salamonsen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David W. Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, LTU, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, LTU, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: David W. Greening,
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Yang H, Wang J, Huang G. Small extracellular vesicles in metabolic remodeling of tumor cells: Cargos and translational application. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1009952. [PMID: 36588730 PMCID: PMC9800502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1009952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Warburg effect is characterized by excessive consumption of glucose by the tumor cells under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. This metabolic reprogramming allows the tumor cells to adapt to the unique microenvironment and proliferate rapidly, and also promotes tumor metastasis and therapy resistance. Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is driven by the aberrant expression and activity of metabolic enzymes, which results in the accumulation of oncometabolites, and the hyperactivation of intracellular growth signals. Recent studies suggest that tumor-associated metabolic remodeling also depends on intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), also known as exosomes, are smaller than 200 nm in diameter and are formed by the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The sEVs are instrumental in transporting cargoes such as proteins, nucleic acids or metabolites between the tumor, stromal and immune cells of the TME, and are thus involved in reprogramming the glucose metabolism of recipient cells. In this review, we have summarized the biogenesis and functions of sEVs and metabolic cargos, and the mechanisms through they drive the Warburg effect. Furthermore, the potential applications of targeting sEV-mediated metabolic pathways in tumor liquid biopsy, imaging diagnosis and drug development have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Gang Huang, ; Hao Yang,
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Gang Huang, ; Hao Yang,
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40
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Scalable Generation of Nanovesicles from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiac Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214334. [PMID: 36430812 PMCID: PMC9696585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from stem cells have shown significant therapeutic potential to repair injured cardiac tissues and regulate pathological fibrosis. However, scalable generation of stem cells and derived EVs for clinical utility remains a huge technical challenge. Here, we report a rapid size-based extrusion strategy to generate EV-like membranous nanovesicles (NVs) from easily sourced human iPSCs in large quantities (yield 900× natural EVs). NVs isolated using density-gradient separation (buoyant density 1.13 g/mL) are spherical in shape and morphologically intact and readily internalised by human cardiomyocytes, primary cardiac fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. NVs captured the dynamic proteome of parental cells and include pluripotency markers (LIN28A, OCT4) and regulators of cardiac repair processes, including tissue repair (GJA1, HSP20/27/70, HMGB1), wound healing (FLNA, MYH9, ACTC1, ILK), stress response/translation initiation (eIF2S1/S2/S3/B4), hypoxia response (HMOX2, HSP90, GNB1), and extracellular matrix organization (ITGA6, MFGE8, ITGB1). Functionally, NVs significantly promoted tubule formation of endothelial cells (angiogenesis) (p < 0.05) and survival of cardiomyocytes exposed to low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) (p < 0.0001), as well as attenuated TGF-β mediated activation of cardiac fibroblasts (p < 0.0001). Quantitative proteome profiling of target cell proteome following NV treatments revealed upregulation of angiogenic proteins (MFGE8, MYH10, VDAC2) in endothelial cells and pro-survival proteins (CNN2, THBS1, IGF2R) in cardiomyocytes. In contrast, NVs attenuated TGF-β-driven extracellular matrix remodelling capacity in cardiac fibroblasts (ACTN1, COL1A1/2/4A2/12A1, ITGA1/11, THBS1). This study presents a scalable approach to generating functional NVs for cardiac repair.
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41
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Radeghieri A, Alacqua S, Zendrini A, Previcini V, Todaro F, Martini G, Ricotta D, Bergese P. Active antithrombin glycoforms are selectively physiosorbed on plasma extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e57. [PMID: 38938771 PMCID: PMC11080738 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) is a glycoprotein produced by the liver and a principal antagonist of active clotting proteases. A deficit in AT function leads to AT qualitative deficiency, challenging to diagnose. Here we report that active AT may travel physiosorbed on the surface of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs), contributing to form the "EV-protein corona." The corona is enriched in specific AT glycoforms, thus suggesting glycosylation to play a key role in AT partitioning between EVs and plasma. Differences in AT glycoform composition of the corona of EVs separated from plasma of healthy and AT qualitative deficiency-affected subjects were also noticed. This suggests deconstructing the plasma into its nanostructured components, as EVs, could suggest novel directions to unravel pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Silvia Alacqua
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Vanessa Previcini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Francesca Todaro
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Giuliana Martini
- Clinical Chemistry LaboratorySpedali Civili HospitalBresciaItaly
| | - Doris Ricotta
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- GLG Klinikum Barnim GmbH, Werner Forßmann Klinikum EberswaldeEberswaldeGermany
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research CouncilPalermoItaly
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42
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Sbarigia C, Vardanyan D, Buccini L, Tacconi S, Dini L. SARS-CoV-2 and extracellular vesicles: An intricate interplay in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.987034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely recognized as intercellular communication mediators. Among the different biological processes, EVs play a role in viral infections, supporting virus entrance and spread into host cells and immune response evasion. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection became an urgent public health issue with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, being responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Since EVs are implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection in a morphological and functional level, they have gained growing interest for a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and represent possible diagnostic tools to track the disease progression. Furthermore, thanks to their biocompatibility and efficient immune activation, the use of EVs may also represent a promising strategy for the development of new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. In this review, we explore the role of EVs in viral infections with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathogenesis, considering recent morphometric studies. The common biogenesis aspects and structural similarities between EVs and SARS-CoV-2 will be examined, offering a panoramic of their multifaceted interplay and presenting EVs as a machinery supporting the viral cycle. On the other hand, EVs may be exploited as early diagnostic biomarkers and efficient carriers for drug delivery and vaccination, and ongoing studies will be reviewed to highlight EVs as potential alternative therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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43
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Bauzá-Martinez J, Armony G, Pronker MF, Wu W. Characterization of protein complexes in extracellular vesicles by intact extracellular vesicle crosslinking mass spectrometry (iEVXL). J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12245. [PMID: 35918900 PMCID: PMC9346492 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are blood‐borne messengers that coordinate signalling between different tissues and organs in the body. The specificity of such crosstalk is determined by preferential EV docking to target sites, as mediated through protein‐protein interactions. As such, the need to structurally characterize the EV surface precedes further understanding of docking selectivity and recipient‐cell uptake mechanisms. Here, we describe an intact extracellular vesicle crosslinking mass spectrometry (iEVXL) method that can be applied for structural characterization of protein complexes in EVs. By using a partially membrane‐permeable disuccinimidyl suberate crosslinker, proteins on the EV outer‐surface and inside EVs can be immobilized together with their interacting partners. This not only provides covalent stabilization of protein complexes before extraction from the membrane‐enclosed environment, but also generates a set of crosslinking distance restraints that can be used for structural modelling and comparative screening of changes in EV protein assemblies. Here we demonstrate iEVXL as a powerful approach to reveal high‐resolution information, about protein determinants that govern EV docking and signalling, and as a crucial aid in modelling docking interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bauzá-Martinez
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gad Armony
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matti F Pronker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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44
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Liu S, Wu X, Chandra S, Lyon C, Ning B, jiang L, Fan J, Hu TY. Extracellular vesicles: Emerging tools as therapeutic agent carriers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3822-3842. [PMID: 36213541 PMCID: PMC9532556 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and are present in all biological fluids of vertebrates, where they transfer DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from donor to recipient cells in cell-to-cell communication. Some EV components can also indicate the type and biological status of their parent cells and serve as diagnostic targets for liquid biopsy. EVs can also natively carry or be modified to contain therapeutic agents (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and small molecules) by physical, chemical, or bioengineering strategies. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and stability, EVs are ideal nanocarriers for bioactive ingredients to induce signal transduction, immunoregulation, or other therapeutic effects, which can be targeted to specific cell types. Herein, we review EV classification, intercellular communication, isolation, and characterization strategies as they apply to EV therapeutics. This review focuses on recent advances in EV applications as therapeutic carriers from in vitro research towards in vivo animal models and early clinical applications, using representative examples in the fields of cancer chemotherapeutic drug, cancer vaccine, infectious disease vaccines, regenerative medicine and gene therapy. Finally, we discuss current challenges for EV therapeutics and their future development.
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45
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Dong M, Liu Q, Xu Y, Zhang Q. Extracellular Vesicles: The Landscape in the Progression, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:842898. [PMID: 35300426 PMCID: PMC8920975 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer (BC) with diverse biological behavior, high aggressiveness, and poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane-bound vesicles secreted by nearly all cells, and are involved in physiological and pathological processes. EVs deliver multiple functional cargos into the extracellular space, including proteins, lipids, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and DNA fragments. Emerging evidence confirms that EVs enable pro-oncogenic secretome delivering and trafficking for long-distance cell-to-cell communication in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). The transferred tumor-derived EVs modify the capability of invasive behavior and organ-specific metastasis in recipient cells. In addition, TNBC cell-derived EVs have been extensively investigated due to their promising potential as valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment evaluation. Here, the present review will discuss the recent progress of EVs in TNBC growth, metastasis, immune regulation, as well as the potential in TNBC diagnosis and treatment application, hoping to decipher the advantages and challenges of EVs for combating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Xiantao, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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