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Brondi M, Lodovichi C. Cranial Window for Acute and Chronic Optical Access to Record Neuronal Network Dynamics in the Olfactory Bulb. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2710:131-148. [PMID: 37688730 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3425-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Cranial window implant is the preparation of choice for acute and chronic optical access to a given brain area. The cranial window provides a stable preparation, which can last for months. This window allows to follow the activity of distinct population of neurons expressing genetically encoded fluorescent reporters of activity in awake, behaving, head-fixed animals. The optical access can also be exploited for acute imaging, in anesthetized animals. Here we provide a detailed protocol for acute and chronic cranial window implantations in the olfactory bulb. We also provide the procedure to perform injections of adeno-associated viruses expressing genetically encoded fluorescent sensors in the same area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Brondi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padova, Italy
- IN-CNR, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Lodovichi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padova, Italy
- IN-CNR, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy
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2
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Sriram K, Lin GX, Jefferson AM, McKinney W, Jackson MC, Cumpston JL, Cumpston JB, Leonard HD, Kashon ML, Fedan JS. Biological effects of inhaled crude oil vapor V. Altered biogenic amine neurotransmitters and neural protein expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116137. [PMID: 35750205 PMCID: PMC9936428 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Workers in the oil and gas industry are at risk for exposure to a number of physical and chemical hazards at the workplace. Chemical hazard risks include inhalation of crude oil or its volatile components. While several studies have investigated the neurotoxic effects of volatile hydrocarbons, in general, there is a paucity of studies assessing the neurotoxicity of crude oil vapor (COV). Consequent to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, there is growing concern about the short- and long-term health effects of exposure to COV. NIOSH surveys suggested that the DWH oil spill cleanup workers experienced neurological symptoms, including depression and mood disorders, but the health effects apart from oil dispersants were difficult to discern. To investigate the potential neurological risks of COV, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by whole-body inhalation to COV (300 ppm; Macondo surrogate crude oil) following an acute (6 h/d × 1 d) or sub-chronic (6 h/d × 4 d/wk. × 4 wks) exposure regimen. At 1, 28 or 90 d post-exposure, norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) were evaluated as neurotransmitter imbalances are associated with psychosocial-, motor- and cognitive- disorders. Sub-chronic COV exposure caused significant reductions in NE, EPI and DA in the dopaminergic brain regions, striatum (STR) and midbrain (MB), and a large increase in 5-HT in the STR. Further, sub-chronic exposure to COV caused upregulation of synaptic and Parkinson's disease-related proteins in the STR and MB. Whether such effects will lead to neurodegenerative outcomes remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Sriram
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America.
| | - Gary X Lin
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Amy M Jefferson
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Walter McKinney
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Mark C Jackson
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Jared L Cumpston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - James B Cumpston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Howard D Leonard
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S Fedan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
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3
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Doyle JM, Croll RP. A Critical Review of Zebrafish Models of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:835827. [PMID: 35370740 PMCID: PMC8965100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.835827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of human diseases have been modelled in zebrafish, including various types of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Recent reviews have summarized the currently available zebrafish models of Parkinson’s Disease, which include gene-based, chemically induced and chemogenetic ablation models. The present review updates the literature, critically evaluates each of the available models of Parkinson’s Disease in zebrafish and compares them with similar models in invertebrates and mammals to determine their advantages and disadvantages. We examine gene-based models, including ones linked to Early-Onset Parkinson’s Disease: PARKIN, PINK1, DJ-1, and SNCA; but we also examine LRRK2, which is linked to Late-Onset Parkinson’s Disease. We evaluate chemically induced models like MPTP, 6-OHDA, rotenone and paraquat, as well as chemogenetic ablation models like metronidazole-nitroreductase. The article also reviews the unique advantages of zebrafish, including the abundance of behavioural assays available to researchers and the efficiency of high-throughput screens. This offers a rare opportunity for assessing the potential therapeutic efficacy of pharmacological interventions. Zebrafish also are very amenable to genetic manipulation using a wide variety of techniques, which can be combined with an array of advanced microscopic imaging methods to enable in vivo visualization of cells and tissue. Taken together, these factors place zebrafish on the forefront of research as a versatile model for investigating disease states. The end goal of this review is to determine the benefits of using zebrafish in comparison to utilising other animals and to consider the limitations of zebrafish for investigating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Doyle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Roger P Croll
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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4
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Li S, Cheng C, Lu L, Ma X, Zhang X, Li A, Chen J, Qian X, Gao X. Hearing Loss in Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716300. [PMID: 34458270 PMCID: PMC8385440 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affects approximately 466 million people worldwide, which is projected to reach 900 million by 2050. Its histological characteristics are lesions in cochlear hair cells, supporting cells, and auditory nerve endings. Neurological disorders cover a wide range of diseases affecting the nervous system, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), etc. Many studies have revealed that neurological disorders manifest with hearing loss, in addition to typical nervous symptoms. The prevalence, manifestations, and neuropathological mechanisms underlying vary among different diseases. In this review, we discuss the relevant literature, from clinical trials to research mice models, to provide an overview of auditory dysfunctions in the most common neurological disorders, particularly those associated with hearing loss, and to explain their underlying pathological and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
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5
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Lyons-Warren AM, Herman I, Hunt PJ, Arenkiel BR. A systematic-review of olfactory deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders: From mouse to human. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:110-121. [PMID: 33610612 PMCID: PMC8142839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory impairment is a common clinical motif across neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting olfactory circuits are particularly vulnerable to disease processes and can provide insight into underlying disease mechanisms. The mouse olfactory bulb is an ideal model system to study mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disease due to its anatomical accessibility, behavioral relevance, ease of measuring circuit input and output, and the feature of adult neurogenesis. Despite the clinical relevance and experimental benefits, olfactory testing across animal models of neurodevelopmental disease has been inconsistent and non-standardized. Here we performed a systematic literature review of olfactory function testing in mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders, and identified intriguing inconsistencies that include evidence for both increased and decreased acuity in odor detection in various mouse models of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Based on our identified gaps in the literature, we recommend direct comparison of different mouse models of ASD using standardized tests for odor detection and discrimination. This review provides a framework to guide future olfactory function testing in mouse models of neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel M Lyons-Warren
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience; Clinical Care Center, Suite 1250, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America;,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Isabella Herman
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience; Clinical Care Center, Suite 1250, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America;,Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Patrick J Hunt
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America;,Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America;,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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6
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Kang JW, Lee YC, Han KD, Lee KH. A nationwide population-based study in South Korea on a relationship between height and anosmia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6753. [PMID: 33762611 PMCID: PMC7991667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between anosmia and anthropometric factor has not been investigated sufficiently yet. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate anthropometric risk factors of anosmia in an Asian population. Claims data of subjects over 20 years old who underwent a national health examination conducted by the Korean National Insurance Program between 2005 and 2008 were analyzed. They were followed up through the Korean National Insurance Service database. Individuals newly diagnosed with anosmia were identified after the initial health examination until the last follow-up date (December 31, 2016). The incidence of anosmia was high in females younger than 70 years old. The hazard ratio of anosmia was found to be higher in taller groups. The tallest quintile had higher risk than the shortest quintile (hazard ratio = 1.185, 95% confidence interval: 1.147–1.225) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. This study showed that the incidence of anosmia had a positive association with height. However, careful interpretation is needed to generalize our result because of the limitation of the study population. Further studies are needed to clarify the genetic or environmental causes of anosmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Wook Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Hee Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Anderson T, Merrill AK, Eckard ML, Marvin E, Conrad K, Welle K, Oberdörster G, Sobolewski M, Cory-Slechta DA. Paraquat Inhalation, a Translationally Relevant Route of Exposure: Disposition to the Brain and Male-Specific Olfactory Impairment in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:175-185. [PMID: 33372994 PMCID: PMC7916739 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have associated oral and systemic exposures to the herbicide paraquat (PQ) with Parkinson's disease. Despite recognition that airborne particles and solutes can be directly translocated to the brain via olfactory neurons, the potential for inhaled PQ to cause olfactory impairment has not been investigated. This study sought to determine if prolonged low-dose inhalation exposure to PQ would lead to disposition to the brain and olfactory impairment, a prodromal feature of Parkinson's disease. Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to PQ aerosols in a whole-body inhalation chamber for 4 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Subsets of mice were sacrificed during and after exposure and PQ concentrations in various brain regions (olfactory bulb, striatum, midbrain, and cerebellum) lung, and kidney were quantified via mass spectrometry. Alterations in olfaction were examined using an olfactory discrimination paradigm. PQ inhalation resulted in an appreciable burden in all examined brain regions, with the highest burden observed in the olfactory bulb, consistent with nasal olfactory uptake. PQ was also detected in the lung and kidney, yet PQ levels in all tissues returned to control values within 4 weeks post exposure. PQ inhalation caused persistent male-specific deficits in olfactory discrimination. No effects were observed in females. These data support the importance of route of exposure in determination of safety estimates for neurotoxic pesticides, such as PQ. Accurate estimation of the relationship between exposure and internal dose is critical for risk assessment and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Anderson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Alyssa K Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Matthew L Eckard
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Elena Marvin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Katherine Conrad
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Kevin Welle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Günter Oberdörster
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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8
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Kjelvik G, Evensmoen HR, Hummel T, Engedal K, Selbæk G, Saltvedt I, Håberg AK. The Human Brain Representation of Odor Identification in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Dementia of Mild Degree. Front Neurol 2021; 11:607566. [PMID: 33519686 PMCID: PMC7838677 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.607566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Odor identification (OI) ability is a suggested early biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated brain activity within the brain's olfactory network associated with OI in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild Alzheimer's dementia (mAD) to uncover the neuronal basis of this impairment. Materials and Methods: Patients with aMCI (n = 11) or mAD (n = 6) and 28 healthy older adults underwent OI functional MRI (fMRI) at 3T, OI, odor discrimination, and cognitive tests and apolipoprotein-e4 (APOE4) genotyping. Eleven patients had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyzed. Those with aMCI were followed for 2 years to examine conversion to dementia. Results: The aMCI/mAD group performed significantly worse on all OI tests and the odor discrimination test compared to controls. The aMCI/mAD group had reduced activation in the right anterior piriform cortex compared to the controls during OI fMRI [Gaussian random field (GRF) corrected cluster threshold, p < 0.05]. This group difference remained after correcting for age, sex education, and brain parenchymal fraction. This difference in piriform activity was driven primarily by differences in odor discrimination ability and to a lesser extent by OI ability. There was no group by odor discrimination/identification score interaction on brain activity. Across both groups, only odor discrimination score was significantly associated with brain activity located to the right piriform cortex. Brain activity during OI was not associated with Mini Mental Status Examination scores. At the group level, the aMCI/mAD group activated only the anterior insula, while the control group had significant activation within all regions of the olfactory network during OI fMRI. There was no association between brain activity during OI fMRI and total beta-amyloid levels in the CSF in the aMCI/mAD group. Conclusion: The OI impairment in aMCI/mAD patients is associated with significantly reduced activity in the piriform cortex compared to controls. Activation of downstream regions within the olfactory network is also significantly affected in the aMCI/mAD group, except the anterior insula, which is impinged late in the course of Alzheimer's disease. OI tests thus reflect Alzheimer's disease pathology in olfactory brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grete Kjelvik
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health (Ageing and Health), Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital (Norwegian National Advisory Unit for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hallvard R Evensmoen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital (Norwegian National Advisory Unit for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health (Ageing and Health), Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health (Ageing and Health), Tønsberg, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital (Norwegian National Advisory Unit for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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9
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Son G, Yoo SJ, Kang S, Rasheed A, Jung DH, Park H, Cho B, Steinbusch HWM, Chang KA, Suh YH, Moon C. Region-specific amyloid-β accumulation in the olfactory system influences olfactory sensory neuronal dysfunction in 5xFAD mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:4. [PMID: 33397474 PMCID: PMC7784287 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Hyposmia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a typical early symptom according to numerous previous clinical studies. Although amyloid-β (Aβ), which is one of the toxic factors upregulated early in AD, has been identified in many studies, even in the peripheral areas of the olfactory system, the pathology involving olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) remains poorly understood. Methods Here, we focused on peripheral olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and delved deeper into the direct relationship between pathophysiological and behavioral results using odorants. We also confirmed histologically the pathological changes in 3-month-old 5xFAD mouse models, which recapitulates AD pathology. We introduced a numeric scale histologically to compare physiological phenomenon and local tissue lesions regardless of the anatomical plane. Results We observed the odorant group that the 5xFAD mice showed reduced responses to odorants. These also did not physiologically activate OSNs that propagate their axons to the ventral olfactory bulb. Interestingly, the amount of accumulated amyloid-β (Aβ) was high in the OSNs located in the olfactory epithelial ectoturbinate and the ventral olfactory bulb glomeruli. We also observed irreversible damage to the ectoturbinate of the olfactory epithelium by measuring the impaired neuronal turnover ratio from the basal cells to the matured OSNs. Conclusions Our results showed that partial and asymmetrical accumulation of Aβ coincided with physiologically and structurally damaged areas in the peripheral olfactory system, which evoked hyporeactivity to some odorants. Taken together, partial olfactory dysfunction closely associated with peripheral OSN’s loss could be a leading cause of AD-related hyposmia, a characteristic of early AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-020-00730-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowoon Son
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Seung-Jun Yoo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shinwoo Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ameer Rasheed
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hae Jung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongki Cho
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Hun Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea. .,Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea. .,Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Al-Otaibi M, Lessard-Beaudoin M, Castellano CA, Gris D, Cunnane SC, Graham RK. Volumetric MRI demonstrates atrophy of the olfactory cortex in AD. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:904-915. [PMID: 33327913 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201215120909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Symptoms include memory dysfunction and deficits in attention, planning, language, and overall cognitive function. Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of AD and evidence supports that it is an early marker. Furthermore, olfactory bulb and entorhinal cortex atrophy are well described in AD. However, in AD, no studies have assessed the olfactory cortex as a whole and if sex effects are observed. METHODS Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to scan 39 participants with an average age of 72 years and included men and women. AAL Single-Subject Atlas (implemented in PNEURO tool - PMOD 3.8) was used to determine the volume of the olfactory cortex and the hippocampus. Olfactory cortex volume was lower in both men and women AD cases compared with controls. This decrease was more apparent in the left olfactory cortex and was influenced by age. As expected, hippocampal volume was also significantly reduced in AD. However, this was only observed in the male cohort. A significant correlation was observed between levels of education and hippocampal volume in controls that were not detected in the AD participants. Asymmetry was observed in the olfactory cortex volume when comparing left and right volumes in both the control and AD participants, which was not observed in the hippocampus. RESULTS These data highlight the importance of the role of olfactory cortical atrophy in the pathogenesis of AD and the interplay between the olfactory deficits and degeneration of olfactory regions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Denis Gris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-IUGS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Rona K Graham
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-IUGS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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11
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Sorokowska A, Sabiniewicz A, Larsson M. TOM-32-An extended test for the assessment of olfactory memory. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 344:108873. [PMID: 32710924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory memory testing is a promising way to explore different aspects of smell-related abilities in healthy subjects as well as to diagnose various diseases associated with disorders of this type of memory. Despite the obvious value of olfactory memory assessments, few available methods enable its diagnosis. NEW METHOD The aim of our study was to create a standardized research tool designed for olfactory memory studies: an extended, 32-item version of an available "Test for Odor Memory". RESULTS The study involving 222 subjects revealed satisfactory psychometric qualities of TOM-32, and - as hypothesized - subjects with depression scored significantly lower than healthy participants. We additionally showed that TOM-32 scores was associated with sex, age and olfactory awareness. Women performed significantly better than men, young people tended to have lower false alarm rate than older subjects and olfactory awareness was positively associated with olfactory memory. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) TOM-32 could expand the possibilities of testing olfactory memory. It may offer additional information about cognitive and sensory abilities relative to existing research tools, and the large number of included test items may facilitate repeated and longitudinal testing. Wide range of applied odors increases the possibility to detect subtle differences between, as well as changes within, individuals. CONCLUSIONS We present an extensive olfactory memory test with satisfactory psychometric qualities - a test that is comprehensive enough to show significant inter- and intra-individual differences, but time-efficient enough to be comfortable in daily research and clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sorokowska
- Smell and Taste Research Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Pl. Dawida 1, 50-527 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Sabiniewicz
- Smell and Taste Research Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Pl. Dawida 1, 50-527 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Larsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Kouremenou I, Piper M, Zalucki O. Adult Neurogenesis in the Olfactory System: Improving Performance for Difficult Discrimination Tasks? Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000065. [PMID: 32767425 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
What is the function of new neurons entering the olfactory bulb? Many insights regarding the molecular control of adult neurogenesis have been uncovered, but the purpose of new neurons entering the olfactory bulb has been difficult to ascertain. Here, studies investigating the role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory discrimination in mice are reviewed. Studies in which adult neurogenesis is affected are highlighted, with a focus on the role of environment enrichment and what happens during ageing. There is evidence for a role of adult neurogenesis in fine discrimination tasks, as underscored by studies that enhance adult neurogenesis. This is also observed in ageing studies, where older mice with reduced levels of adult neurogenesis perform poorly in olfactory discrimination. Differences in methodology that could account for alternative conclusions, and the importance of specificity in methods being used to investigate the effect of adult neurogenesis in olfactory performance are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kouremenou
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Oressia Zalucki
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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13
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Epidemiology of Anosmia in South Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3717. [PMID: 32111981 PMCID: PMC7048798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research about the epidemiology of olfactory dysfunction in Asians was not enough. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and incidence rate of olfactory disorders in Koreans and to evaluate demographic risk factors. We analyzed clinical data of patients with anosmia using Korean National Health Insurance Service data from 2006 to 2016. The data includes medical insurance claim data and medical records of almost 50,000,000 people in Korea. The 30-39 age group showed the highest prevalence (19.25 per 10,000 per year). Their incidence rate was also high comparing other age groups (13.30 per 10,000 per year). The prevalence and the incidence increased from 7.10 to 13.74 and from 5.66 to 9.54 between 2006 and 2016. In the seasonal analysis, the incidence rate was high in spring and autumn. The high-income population showed about 1.4-folds higher incidence rate than the low-income population. We thought that the socioeconomic status could generally affect the rate of hospital visit in the anosmia population. Anosmia can be frequently underdiagnosed in the clinical environment because the elderly and the low-income people easily underestimate their anosmia symptom and ignore the severity due to their economic problem. Therefore careful attention and further studies for anosmia are needed.
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14
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Hwang EJ, Ryu DW, Lee JE, Park SH, Choi HS, Kim JS. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the substrate for hyposmia in patients with Parkinson's disease. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:489.e9-489.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Lee BC, Kang I, Lee SE, Lee JY, Shin N, Kim JJ, Choi SW, Kang KS. Human umbilical cord blood plasma alleviates age-related olfactory dysfunction by attenuating peripheral TNF-α expression. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30293545 PMCID: PMC6507851 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.4.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Social requirements are needed for living in an aging society and individual longevity. Among them, improved health and medical cares, appropriate for an aging society are strongly demanded. Human cord blood-derived plasma (hUCP) has recently emerged for its unique anti-aging effects. In this study, we investigated brain rejuvenation, particularly olfactory function, that could be achieved by a systemic administration of young blood and its underlying mechanisms. Older than 24-month-old mice were used as an aged group and administered with intravenous injection of hUCP repetitively, eight times. Anti-aging effect of hUCP on olfactory function was evaluated by buried food finding test. To investigate the mode of action of hUCP, brain, serum and spleen of mice were collected for further ex vivo analyses. Systemic injection of hUCP improved aging-associated olfactory deficits, reducing time for finding food. In the brain, although an infiltration of activated microglia and its expression of cathepsin S remarkably decreased, significant changes of proinflammatory factors were not detected. Conversely, peripheral immune balance distinctly switched from predominance of Type 1 helper T (Th1) cells to alternative regulatory T cells (Tregs). These findings indicate that systemic administration of hUCP attenuates age-related neuroinflammation and subsequent olfactory dysfunction by modulating peripheral immune balance toward Treg cells, suggesting another therapeutic function and mechanism of hUCP administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Lee
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Insung Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Soon Won Choi
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute for Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kangstem Biotech CO., Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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16
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Aguilar Martínez N, Aguado Carrillo G, Saucedo Alvarado P, Mendoza García C, Velasco Monroy A, Velasco Campos F. Clinical importance of olfactory function in neurodegenerative diseases. REVISTA MÉDICA DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE MÉXICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hgmx.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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Olfactory Dysfunction in CNS Neuroimmunological Disorders: a Review. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3714-3721. [PMID: 30191380 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is deeply associated with quality of human life in the aging population. Olfactory dysfunction is an occasional presymptomatic sign of neuroimmunological multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Olfaction is initially processed by olfactory receptor cells that capture odor molecules, and the signals are transmitted to the glomeruli in the olfactory bulbs via olfactory nerves and processed in the primary olfactory cortex in the brain. Damage to either the olfactory receptor cells or the olfactory bulb and primary olfactory cortex may influence olfactory functioning. A close link between neuroimmunological disorders and olfactory dysfunction has been reported in patients and animal models. This review summarizes the literature data concerning olfactory dysfunction in autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and systemic lupus erythematosus; animal models thereof; and inflammation in the olfactory bulb.
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18
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Casjens S, Pesch B, van Thriel C, Zschiesche W, Behrens T, Weiss T, Pallapies D, Arendt M, Dragano N, Moebus S, Jöckel KH, Brüning T. Associations between blood lead, olfaction and fine-motor skills in elderly men: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Neurotoxicology 2018; 68:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Gould EA, Busquet N, Shepherd D, Dietz RM, Herson PS, Simoes de Souza FM, Li A, George NM, Restrepo D, Macklin WB. Mild myelin disruption elicits early alteration in behavior and proliferation in the subventricular zone. eLife 2018; 7:34783. [PMID: 29436368 PMCID: PMC5828668 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin, the insulating sheath around axons, supports axon function. An important question is the impact of mild myelin disruption. In the absence of the myelin protein proteolipid protein (PLP1), myelin is generated but with age, axonal function/maintenance is disrupted. Axon disruption occurs in Plp1-null mice as early as 2 months in cortical projection neurons. High-volume cellular quantification techniques revealed a region-specific increase in oligodendrocyte density in the olfactory bulb and rostral corpus callosum that increased during adulthood. A distinct proliferative response of progenitor cells was observed in the subventricular zone (SVZ), while the number and proliferation of parenchymal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells was unchanged. This SVZ proliferative response occurred prior to evidence of axonal disruption. Thus, a novel SVZ response contributes to the region-specific increase in oligodendrocytes in Plp1-null mice. Young adult Plp1-null mice exhibited subtle but substantial behavioral alterations, indicative of an early impact of mild myelin disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Douglas Shepherd
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Pediatric Heart Lung Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Robert M Dietz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | | | - Anan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nicholas M George
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
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20
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Martinez B, Karunanayaka P, Wang J, Tobia MJ, Vasavada M, Eslinger PJ, Yang QX. Different patterns of age-related central olfactory decline in men and women as quantified by olfactory fMRI. Oncotarget 2017; 8:79212-79222. [PMID: 29108300 PMCID: PMC5668033 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related olfactory decline, or presbyosmia, is a prevalent condition with potentially devastating consequences on both quality of life and safety. Despite clear evidence for this decline, it is unknown whether presbyosmia is sex-dependent and also whether it is due to central or peripheral olfactory system deterioration. Therefore, the goals of this study were to investigate the neurofunctional substrate of olfactory decline and examine its relationship to age and sex in thirty-seven (18 women, 19 men) healthy older participants using olfactory functional MRI (fMRI). The olfactory fMRI paradigm utilized unique odor+visual and visual-only conditions to contrast peripheral-to-central and central-to-central olfactory processing, respectively. Age was negatively correlated with fMRI activation in olfactory-related regions. Significant aging effects were identifiable in male participants in all target regions. Female participants, however, showed a different pattern of functional decline. Extended unified structural equation modeling (euSEM) analysis revealed that the effective functional connectivity profile was drastically different between male and female participants, with females manifesting a top-down mechanism to offset age-related olfactory activation decline. Our results support the hypotheses that the central olfactory system is involved in age-related olfactory decline, and that resilience to age-related olfactory decline in women may be due to their profuse olfactory network effective connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Martinez
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Prasanna Karunanayaka
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Tobia
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Megha Vasavada
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Paul J Eslinger
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Qing X Yang
- Department of Radiology, Center for NMR Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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21
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Omata Y, Tharasegaran S, Lim YM, Yamasaki Y, Ishigaki Y, Tatsuno T, Maruyama M, Tsuda L. Expression of amyloid-β in mouse cochlear hair cells causes an early-onset auditory defect in high-frequency sound perception. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:427-39. [PMID: 26959388 PMCID: PMC4833138 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that defects in the sensory system are highly correlated with age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This raises the possibility that sensory cells possess some commonalities with neurons and may provide a tool for studying AD. The sensory system, especially the auditory system, has the advantage that depression in function over time can easily be measured with electrophysiological methods. To establish a new mouse AD model that takes advantage of this benefit, we produced transgenic mice expressing amyloid-β (Aβ), a causative element for AD, in their auditory hair cells. Electrophysiological assessment indicated that these mice had hearing impairment, specifically in high-frequency sound perception (>32 kHz), at 4 months after birth. Furthermore, loss of hair cells in the basal region of the cochlea, which is known to be associated with age-related hearing loss, appeared to be involved in this hearing defect. Interestingly, overexpression of human microtubule-associated protein tau, another factor in AD development, synergistically enhanced the Aβ-induced hearing defects. These results suggest that our new system reflects some, if not all, aspects of AD progression and, therefore, could complement the traditional AD mouse model to monitor Aβ-induced neuronal dysfunction quantitatively over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Omata
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia (CAMD), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, Japan.,Presend address: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Suganya Tharasegaran
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia (CAMD), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Young-Mi Lim
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia (CAMD), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasutoyo Yamasaki
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia (CAMD), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Tatsuno
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Maruyama
- Department of Molecular Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Leo Tsuda
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia (CAMD), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, Japan
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22
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Hubbs AF, Fluharty KL, Edwards RJ, Barnabei JL, Grantham JT, Palmer SM, Kelly F, Sargent LM, Reynolds SH, Mercer RR, Goravanahally MP, Kashon ML, Honaker JC, Jackson MC, Cumpston AM, Goldsmith WT, McKinney W, Fedan JS, Battelli LA, Munro T, Bucklew-Moyers W, McKinstry K, Schwegler-Berry D, Friend S, Knepp AK, Smith SL, Sriram K. Accumulation of Ubiquitin and Sequestosome-1 Implicate Protein Damage in Diacetyl-Induced Cytotoxicity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2887-2908. [PMID: 27643531 PMCID: PMC5222965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled diacetyl vapors are associated with flavorings-related lung disease, a potentially fatal airway disease. The reactive α-dicarbonyl group in diacetyl causes protein damage in vitro. Dicarbonyl/l-xylulose reductase (DCXR) metabolizes diacetyl into acetoin, which lacks this α-dicarbonyl group. To investigate the hypothesis that flavorings-related lung disease is caused by in vivo protein damage, we correlated diacetyl-induced airway damage in mice with immunofluorescence for markers of protein turnover and autophagy. Western immunoblots identified shifts in ubiquitin pools. Diacetyl inhalation caused dose-dependent increases in bronchial epithelial cells with puncta of both total ubiquitin and K63-ubiquitin, central mediators of protein turnover. This response was greater in Dcxr-knockout mice than in wild-type controls inhaling 200 ppm diacetyl, further implicating the α-dicarbonyl group in protein damage. Western immunoblots demonstrated decreased free ubiquitin in airway-enriched fractions. Transmission electron microscopy and colocalization of ubiquitin-positive puncta with lysosomal-associated membrane proteins 1 and 2 and with the multifunctional scaffolding protein sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) confirmed autophagy. Surprisingly, immunoreactive SQSTM1 also accumulated in the olfactory bulb of the brain. Olfactory bulb SQSTM1 often congregated in activated microglial cells that also contained olfactory marker protein, indicating neuronophagia within the olfactory bulb. This suggests the possibility that SQSTM1 or damaged proteins may be transported from the nose to the brain. Together, these findings strongly implicate widespread protein damage in the etiology of flavorings-related lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F Hubbs
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia.
| | - Kara L Fluharty
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Rebekah J Edwards
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jamie L Barnabei
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - John T Grantham
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia; School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Scott M Palmer
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Francine Kelly
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Linda M Sargent
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Steven H Reynolds
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Robert R Mercer
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Madhusudan P Goravanahally
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia; Centers for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - John C Honaker
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mark C Jackson
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Amy M Cumpston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - William T Goldsmith
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Walter McKinney
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jeffrey S Fedan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Lori A Battelli
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Tiffany Munro
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Winnie Bucklew-Moyers
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Kimberly McKinstry
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Sherri Friend
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Alycia K Knepp
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Samantha L Smith
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Krishnan Sriram
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
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23
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Roddick KM, Roberts AD, Schellinck HM, Brown RE. Sex and Genotype Differences in Odor Detection in the 3×Tg-AD and 5XFAD Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease at 6 Months of Age. Chem Senses 2016; 41:433-40. [PMID: 26969629 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in odor identification and detection are early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Two transgenic mouse models of AD, the 5XFAD and the 3×Tg-AD mice and their wildtype controls, were assessed for olfactory detection with decreasing concentrations of ethyl acetate in a go no-go operant olfactometer task at 6 months of age. For both the 5XFAD and their B6SJLF1 wildtype littermates, females made fewer errors in detecting the ethyl acetate than males on all but the lowest odor concentrations. Female 5XFAD mice performed slightly better than their female wildtype littermates on the higher odor concentrations, though not at the lowest concentration. The 3×Tg-AD females showed decreased olfactory detection compared with their wildtype B6129S1 controls, whereas there was no difference in the males. Therefore, although the 5XFAD mice showed no olfactory detection deficits, female 3×Tg-AD mice had impaired olfactory detection at low odor concentrations but males did not. This difference in odor detection should be considered in studies of olfactory learning and memory, as differences in performance may be due to sensory rather than cognitive factors, though detection seems unimpaired at high odor concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Roddick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Amelia D Roberts
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Heather M Schellinck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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24
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Doets EL, Kremer S. The silver sensory experience – A review of senior consumers’ food perception, liking and intake. Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Passali GC, Politi L, Crisanti A, Loglisci M, Anzivino R, Passali D. Tau Protein Detection in Anosmic Alzheimer’s Disease Patient’s Nasal Secretions. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12078-015-9198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Attems J, Walker L, Jellinger KA. Olfaction and Aging: A Mini-Review. Gerontology 2015; 61:485-90. [DOI: 10.1159/000381619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Irwin M, Greig A, Tvrdik P, Lucero MT. PACAP modulation of calcium ion activity in developing granule cells of the neonatal mouse olfactory bulb. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:1234-48. [PMID: 25475351 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00594.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) activity in the CNS is critical for the establishment of developing neuronal circuitry prior to and during early sensory input. In developing olfactory bulb (OB), the neuromodulators that enhance network activity are largely unknown. Here we provide evidence that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)-specific PAC1 receptors (PAC1Rs) expressed in postnatal day (P)2-P5 mouse OB are functional and enhance network activity as measured by increases in calcium in genetically identified granule cells (GCs). We used confocal Ca(2+) imaging of OB slices from Dlx2-tdTomato mice to visualize GABAergic GCs. To address whether the PACAP-induced Ca(2+) oscillations were direct or indirect effects of PAC1R activation, we used antagonists for the GABA receptors (GABARs) and/or glutamate receptors (GluRs) in the presence and absence of PACAP. Combined block of GABARs and GluRs yielded a 66% decrease in the numbers of PACAP-responsive cells, suggesting that 34% of OB neurons are directly activated by PACAP. Similarly, immunocytochemistry using anti-PAC1 antibody showed that 34% of OB neurons express PAC1R. Blocking either GluRs or GABARs alone indirectly showed that PACAP stimulates release of both glutamate and GABA, which activate GCs. The appearance of PACAP-induced Ca(2+) activity in immature GCs suggests a role for PACAP in GC maturation. To conclude, we find that PACAP has both direct and indirect effects on neonatal OB GABAergic cells and may enhance network activity by promoting glutamate and GABA release. Furthermore, the numbers of PACAP-responsive GCs significantly increased between P2 and P5, suggesting that PACAP-induced Ca(2+) activity contributes to neonatal OB development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mavis Irwin
- Department of Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ann Greig
- Department of Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Petr Tvrdik
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Mary T Lucero
- Department of Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, American University of the Caribbean, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten, Netherlands Antilles
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28
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Le NTT, Narkiewicz J, Aulić S, Salzano G, Tran HT, Scaini D, Moda F, Giachin G, Legname G. Synthetic prions and other human neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Virus Res 2014; 207:25-37. [PMID: 25449570 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. The common feature of these diseases is the pathological conversion of the normal cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into a β-structure-rich conformer-termed PrP(Sc). The latter can induce a self-perpetuating process leading to amplification and spreading of pathological protein assemblies. Much evidence suggests that PrP(Sc) itself is able to recruit and misfold PrP(C) into the pathological conformation. Recent data have shown that recombinant PrP(C) can be misfolded in vitro and the resulting synthetic conformers are able to induce the conversion of PrP(C) into PrP(Sc)in vivo. In this review we describe the state-of-the-art of the body of literature in this field. In addition, we describe a cell-based assay to test synthetic prions in cells, providing further evidence that synthetic amyloids are able to template conversion of PrP into prion inclusions. Studying prions might help to understand the pathological mechanisms governing other neurodegenerative diseases. Aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins is a common feature of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other disorders. Although the proteins implicated in each of these diseases differ, they share a common prion mechanism. Recombinant proteins are able to aggregate in vitro into β-rich amyloid fibrils, sharing some features of the aggregates found in the brain. Several studies have reported that intracerebral inoculation of synthetic aggregates lead to unique pathology, which spread progressively to distal brain regions and reduced survival time in animals. Here, we review the prion-like features of different proteins involved in neurodegenerative disorders, such as α-synuclein, superoxide dismutase-1, amyloid-β and tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat Tran Thanh Le
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Joanna Narkiewicz
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Suzana Aulić
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Salzano
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Hoa Thanh Tran
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Denis Scaini
- Life Science Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Department of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giachin
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy; Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
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Flores-Cuadrado A, Ubeda-Bañon I, Saiz-Sanchez D, de la Rosa-Prieto C, Martinez-Marcos A. α-Synuclein staging in the amygdala of a Parkinson's disease model: cell types involved. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 41:137-46. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda Moledores S/N 13005 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda Moledores S/N 13005 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda Moledores S/N 13005 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Carlos de la Rosa-Prieto
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda Moledores S/N 13005 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda Moledores S/N 13005 Ciudad Real Spain
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30
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Smell and salt: a delicate balance in health and disease. Nutrition 2014; 30:1094-6. [PMID: 25102823 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Attems J, Walker L, Jellinger KA. Olfactory bulb involvement in neurodegenerative diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:459-75. [PMID: 24554308 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is a common and early symptom of many neurodegenerative diseases, particularly of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment heralding its progression to dementia. The neuropathologic changes of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases may involve the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb/tract, primary olfactory cortices, and their secondary targets. Olfactory dysfunction is related to deposition of pathological proteins, α-synuclein, hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and neurofilament protein in these areas, featured by neurofibrillary tangles, Lewy bodies and neurites inducing a complex cascade of molecular processes including oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and cytosolic disruption of cellular processes leading to cell death. Damage to cholinergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems is likely involved, since such damage is most marked in those diseases with severe anosmia. Recent studies of olfactory dysfunction have focused its potential as an early biomarker for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders and their disease progression. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on neuropathological and pathophysiological changes of the olfactory system in the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases, in particular AD and synucleinopathies. We also present neuropathological findings in the olfactory bulb and tract in a large autopsy cohort (n = 536, 57.8 % female, mean age 81.3 years). The severity of olfactory bulb HPτ, Aβ, and αSyn pathology correlated and increased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing neuritic Braak stages, Thal Aβ phases, and cerebral Lewy body pathology, respectively. Hence, further studies are warranted to investigate the potential role of olfactory biopsies (possibly restricted to the olfactory epithelium) in the diagnostic process of neurodegenerative diseases in particular in clinical drug trials to identify subjects showing early, preclinical stages of neurodegeneration and to stratify clinically impaired cohorts according to the underlying cerebral neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Attems
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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32
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Zhao Y, Guo K, Li D, Yuan Q, Yao Z. Special function of nestin(+) neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:308-17. [PMID: 25206817 PMCID: PMC4146154 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.128229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nestin(+) neurons have been shown to express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats. This study explored the projection of nestin(+) neurons to the olfactory bulb and the time course of nestin(+) neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats during injury recovery after olfactory nerve transection. This study observed that all nestin(+) neurons were double-labeled with ChAT in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. Approximately 53.6% of nestin(+) neurons were projected to the olfactory bulb and co-labeled with fast blue. A large number of nestin(+) neurons were not present in each region of the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. Nestin(+) neurons in the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca showed obvious compensatory function. The number of nestin(+) neurons decreased to a minimum later than nestin(-)/ChAT(+) neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. The results suggest that nestin(+) cholinergic neurons may have a closer connection to olfactory bulb neurons. Nestin(+) cholinergic neurons may have a stronger tolerance to injury than Nestin(-)/ChAT(+) neurons. The difference between nestin(+) and nestin(-)/ChAT(+) neurons during the recovery process requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kaihua Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongpei Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qunfang Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhibin Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Pluta R, Ułamek-Kozio M. WITHDRAWN: Novel practical information addressing various aspects of smell loss (hyposmia), salt intake and hypertension in humans. Nutrition 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ubeda-Bañon I, Saiz-Sanchez D, de la Rosa-Prieto C, Martinez-Marcos A. α-Synuclein in the olfactory system in Parkinson's disease: role of neural connections on spreading pathology. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 219:1513-26. [PMID: 24135772 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability. Neuropathologically, intracellular aggregates of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites appear in particular brain areas according to a sequence of stages. Clinical diagnosis is usually established when motor symptoms are evident (corresponding to Braak stage III or later), years or even decades after onset of the disease. Research at early stages is therefore essential to understand the etiology of PD and improve treatment. Although classically considered as a motor disease, non-motor symptoms have recently gained interest. Olfactory deficits are among the earliest non-motor features of PD. Interestingly, α-synuclein deposits are present in the olfactory bulb and anterior olfactory nucleus at Braak stage I. Several lines of evidence have led to proposals that PD pathology spreads by a prion-like mechanism via the olfactory and vagal systems to the substantia nigra. In this context, current data on the temporal appearance of α-synuclein aggregates in the olfactory system of both humans and transgenic mice are of particular relevance. In addition to the proposed retrograde nigral involvement via brainstem nuclei, olfactory pathways could potentially reach the substantia nigra, and the possibility of centrifugal progression warrants investigation. This review analyzes the involvement of α-synuclein in different elements of the olfactory system, in both humans and transgenic models, from the hodological perspective of possible anterograde and/or retrograde progression of this proteinopathy within the olfactory system and beyond-to the substantia nigra and the remainder of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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35
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Islet Transplantation in a Subarachnoid Cavity Surrounding Olfactory Bulb of Diabetic Rats. Transplantation 2013; 95:e54-7. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3182875ddc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Moessnang C, Pauly K, Kellermann T, Krämer J, Finkelmeyer A, Hummel T, Siegel SJ, Schneider F, Habel U. The scent of salience--is there olfactory-trigeminal conditioning in humans? Neuroimage 2013; 77:93-104. [PMID: 23558094 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pavlovian fear conditioning has been thoroughly studied in the visual, auditory and somatosensory domain, but evidence is scarce with regard to the chemosensory modality. Under the assumption that Pavlovian conditioning relies on the supra-modal mechanism of salience attribution, the present study was set out to attest the existence of chemosensory aversive conditioning in humans as a specific instance of salience attribution. fMRI was performed in 29 healthy subjects during a differential aversive conditioning paradigm. Two odors (rose, vanillin) served as conditioned stimuli (CS), one of which (CS+) was intermittently coupled with intranasally administered CO2. On the neural level, a robust differential response to the CS+ emerged in frontal, temporal, occipito-parietal and subcortical brain regions, including the amygdala. These changes were paralleled by the development of a CS+-specific connectivity profile of the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC), which is a key structure for processing salience information in order to guide adaptive response selection. Increased coupling could be found between key nodes of the salience network (anterior insula, neo-cerebellum) and sensorimotor areas, representing putative input and output structures of the aMCC for exerting adaptive motor control. In contrast, behavioral and skin conductance responses did not show significant effects of conditioning, which has been attributed to contingency unawareness. These findings imply substantial similarities of conditioning involving chemosensory and other sensory modalities, and suggest that salience attribution and adaptive control represent a general, modality-independent principle underlying Pavlovian conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moessnang
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany.
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Bury A, Pienaar IS. Behavioral testing regimens in genetic-based animal models of Parkinson's disease: cogencies and caveats. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:846-59. [PMID: 23558176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) is fundamentally sporadic, identification of several of the genes implicated in the disease has provided significant insight concerning patho-physiological mechanisms potentially underlying sporadic PD. Moreover, such studies have caused a revolution in the way researchers view the disease. Since single genes responsible for rare familial forms of the disease have only been identified within the past few years, animal models based on these defects have only recently been generated, thereby not leaving a lot of time for their evaluation and subsequent improvement. The current article provides an extensive review of the major motor and non-motor behavioral tests used in genetically-induced Parkinsonian animals. Moreover, we assess the insights concerning the etiopathogenesis of PD generated from use of such tests and how these have improved available treatment strategies for alleviating aspects of sporadic and non-sporadic parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bury
- Centre for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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