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Smolker HR, Reid CE, Friedman NP, Banich MT. The Association between Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution and the Trajectory of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors during Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: Evidence from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:87001. [PMID: 39106155 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to high levels of fine particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 ) via air pollution may be a risk factor for psychiatric disorders during adulthood. Yet few studies have examined associations between exposure and the trajectory of symptoms across late childhood and early adolescence. OBJECTIVE The current study evaluated whether PM 2.5 exposure at 9-11 y of age affects both concurrent symptoms as well as the longitudinal trajectory of internalizing and externalizing behaviors across the following 3 y. This issue was examined using multiple measures of exposure and separate measures of symptoms of internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety) and externalizing disorders (e.g., conduct disorder), respectively. METHODS In a sample of more than 10,000 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, we used a dataset of historical PM 2.5 levels and growth curve modeling to evaluate associations of PM 2.5 exposure with internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories, as assessed by the Child Behavioral Check List. Three distinct measures of PM 2.5 exposure were investigated: annual average concentration during 2016, number of days in 2016 above the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) 24-h PM 2.5 standards, and maximum 24-h concentration during 2016. RESULTS At baseline, higher number of days with PM 2.5 levels above US EPA standards was associated with higher parent-reported internalizing symptoms in the same year. This association remained significant up to a year following exposure and after controlling for PM 2.5 annual average, maximum 24-h level, and informant psychopathology. There was also evidence of an association between PM 2.5 annual average and externalizing symptom levels at baseline in females only. DISCUSSION Results suggested PM 2.5 exposure during childhood is associated with higher symptoms of internalizing and externalizing disorders at the time of exposure and 1 y later. In addition, effects of PM 2.5 exposure on youth internalizing symptoms may be most impacted by the number of days of exposure above US EPA standards in comparison with annual average and maximum daily exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13427.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Smolker
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Colleen E Reid
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Naomi P Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Marie T Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Tartaglione AM, Camoni L, Calamandrei G, Chiarotti F, Venerosi A. The contribution of environmental pollutants to the risk of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review of case-control studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024:105815. [PMID: 39053787 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants, such as metals, pesticides, and air pollutants during early life, is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Our systematic review aimed to select and summarize more recent case-control studies that examined the association between prenatal and early postnatal exposure to environmental pollutants and NDDs. We searched five databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ovid), screened 2,261 records, and included 24 eligible case-control studies. Meta-analyses were conducted on subgroups of at least three studies that shared both the outcome and the exposure. A noteworthy discovery from this literature review is the existence of non-linear or non-monotonic dose-response relationships between the exposure to certain metals and the risk of ASD. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between exposure to particular matter (PM)10 during the first year of life and the risk of ASD. Overall, studies included in our systematic review indicate that exposure to several pollutants within the first three years of life was significantly associated with the risk of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tartaglione
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - L Camoni
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G Calamandrei
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - F Chiarotti
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A Venerosi
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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3
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Smail MA, Lenz KM. Developmental Functions of Microglia: Impact of Psychosocial and Physiological Early Life Stress. Neuropharmacology 2024:110084. [PMID: 39025401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play numerous important roles in brain development. From early embryonic stages through adolescence, these immune cells influence neuronal genesis and maturation, guide connectivity, and shape brain circuits. They also interact with other glial cells and structures, influencing the brain's supportive microenvironment. While this central role makes microglia essential, it means that early life perturbations to microglia can have widespread effects on brain development, potentially resulting in long-lasting behavioral impairments. Here, we will focus on the effects of early life psychosocial versus physiological stressors in rodent models. Psychosocial stress refers to perceived threats that lead to stress axes activation, including prenatal stress, or chronic postnatal stress, including maternal separation and resource scarcity. Physiological stress refers to with physical threats, including maternal immune activation, postnatal infection, and traumatic brain injury. Differing sources of early life stress have varied impacts on microglia, and these effects are moderated by factors such as developmental age, brain region, and sex. Overall, these stressors appear to either 1) upregulate basal microglia numbers and activity throughout the lifespan, while possibly blunting their responsivity to subsequent stressors, or 2) shift the developmental curve of microglia, resulting in differential timing and function, impacting the critical periods they govern. Either could contribute to behavioral dysfunctions that occur after the resolution of early life stress. Exploring how different stressors impact microglia, as well as how the experience of multiple stressors interacts to alter microglia's developmental functions, could deepen our understanding of how early life stress changes the brain's developmental trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Smail
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Kathryn M Lenz
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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4
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Bailey ML, Nixon C, Rusch DB, Buechlein A, Rosvall KA, Bentz AB. Maternal social environment shapes yolk testosterone allocation and embryonic neural gene expression in tree swallows. Horm Behav 2024; 163:105561. [PMID: 38759417 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Offspring from females breeding in competitive social environments are often exposed to more testosterone (T) during embryonic development, which can affect traits from growth to behavior in potentially adaptive ways. Despite the important role of maternally derived steroids in shaping offspring development, the molecular mechanisms driving these processes are currently unclear. Here, we use tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) to explore the effects of the maternal social environment on yolk T concentrations and genome-wide patterns of neural gene expression in embryos. We measured aggressive interactions among females breeding at variable densities and collected their eggs at two timepoints, including the day laid to measure yolk T concentrations and on embryonic day 11 to measure gene expression in whole brain samples. We found that females breeding in high-density sites experienced elevated rates of physical aggression and their eggs had higher yolk T concentrations. A differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that embryos from high-density sites experienced an upregulation of genes involved in hormone, circulatory, and immune processes, and these gene expression patterns were correlated with yolk T levels and aggression. Genes implicated in neural development were additionally downregulated in embryos from high-density sites. These data highlight how early neurogenomic processes may be affected by the maternal social environment, giving rise to phenotypic plasticity in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leigh Bailey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Cameron Nixon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Douglas B Rusch
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Aaron Buechlein
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Alexandra B Bentz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Kingsford O, Yehya M, Zieman G, Knievel KL. Can Long-Term Outcomes of Posttraumatic Headache be Predicted? Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:535-545. [PMID: 38713368 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Headache is one of the most common symptoms of traumatic brain injury, and it is more common in patients with mild, rather than moderate or severe, traumatic brain injury. Posttraumatic headache can be the most persistent symptom of traumatic brain injury. In this article, we review the current understanding of posttraumatic headache, summarize the current knowledge of its pathophysiology and treatment, and review the research regarding predictors of long-term outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS To date, posttraumatic headache has been treated based on the semiology of the primary headache disorder that it most resembles, but the pathophysiology is likely to be different, and the long-term prognosis differs as well. No models exist to predict long-term outcomes, and few studies have highlighted risk factors for the development of acute and persistent posttraumatic headaches. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology and identify specific treatments for posttraumatic headache to be able to predict long-term outcomes. In addition, the effect of managing comorbid traumatic brain injury symptoms on posttraumatic headache management should be further studied. Posttraumatic headache can be a persistent symptom of traumatic brain injury, especially mild traumatic brain injury. It has traditionally been treated based on the semiology of the primary headache disorder it most closely resembles, but further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of posttraumatic headache and determine risk factors to better predict long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Kingsford
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Mustafa Yehya
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Glynnis Zieman
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Kerry L Knievel
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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Berki P, Cserép C, Környei Z, Pósfai B, Szabadits E, Domonkos A, Kellermayer A, Nyerges M, Wei X, Mody I, Kunihiko A, Beck H, Kaikai H, Ya W, Lénárt N, Wu Z, Jing M, Li Y, Gulyás AI, Dénes Á. Microglia contribute to neuronal synchrony despite endogenous ATP-related phenotypic transformation in acute mouse brain slices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5402. [PMID: 38926390 PMCID: PMC11208608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute brain slices represent a workhorse model for studying the central nervous system (CNS) from nanoscale events to complex circuits. While slice preparation inherently involves tissue damage, it is unclear how microglia, the main immune cells and damage sensors of the CNS react to this injury and shape neuronal activity ex vivo. To this end, we investigated microglial phenotypes and contribution to network organization and functioning in acute brain slices. We reveal time-dependent microglial phenotype changes influenced by complex extracellular ATP dynamics through P2Y12R and CX3CR1 signalling, which is sustained for hours in ex vivo mouse brain slices. Downregulation of P2Y12R and changes of microglia-neuron interactions occur in line with alterations in the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses over time. Importantly, functional microglia modulate synapse sprouting, while microglial dysfunction results in markedly impaired ripple activity both ex vivo and in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest that microglia are modulators of complex neuronal networks with important roles to maintain neuronal network integrity and activity. We suggest that slice preparation can be used to model time-dependent changes of microglia-neuron interactions to reveal how microglia shape neuronal circuits in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Berki
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
- Laboratory of Neuronal Network and Behaviour, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Csaba Cserép
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Környei
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabadits
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Andor Domonkos
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
- Laboratory of Thalamus Research, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Anna Kellermayer
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Miklós Nyerges
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Xiaofei Wei
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Istvan Mody
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Araki Kunihiko
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Medical University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinz Beck
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Medical University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - He Kaikai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Ya
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Attila I Gulyás
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary.
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Fass SB, Mulvey B, Chase R, Yang W, Selmanovic D, Chaturvedi SM, Tycksen E, Weiss LA, Dougherty JD. Relationship between sex biases in gene expression and sex biases in autism and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:47. [PMID: 38844994 PMCID: PMC11157820 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in the brain may play an important role in sex-differential prevalence of neuropsychiatric conditions. METHODS In order to understand the transcriptional basis of sex differences, we analyzed multiple, large-scale, human postmortem brain RNA-Seq datasets using both within-region and pan-regional frameworks. RESULTS We find evidence of sex-biased transcription in many autosomal genes, some of which provide evidence for pathways and cell population differences between chromosomally male and female individuals. These analyses also highlight regional differences in the extent of sex-differential gene expression. We observe an increase in specific neuronal transcripts in male brains and an increase in immune and glial function-related transcripts in female brains. Integration with single-nucleus data suggests this corresponds to sex differences in cellular states rather than cell abundance. Integration with case-control gene expression studies suggests a female molecular predisposition towards Alzheimer's disease, a female-biased disease. Autism, a male-biased diagnosis, does not exhibit a male predisposition pattern in our analysis. CONCLUSION Overall, these analyses highlight mechanisms by which sex differences may interact with sex-biased conditions in the brain. Furthermore, we provide region-specific analyses of sex differences in brain gene expression to enable additional studies at the interface of gene expression and diagnostic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Fass
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bernard Mulvey
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe St. Ste 300, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rebecca Chase
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Din Selmanovic
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sneha M Chaturvedi
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Eric Tycksen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSE901, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSE901, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSE901, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Genetics, 4566 Scott Ave., Campus Box 8232, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA.
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Guma E, Chakravarty MM. Immune Alterations in the Intrauterine Environment Shape Offspring Brain Development in a Sex-Specific Manner. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01260-5. [PMID: 38679357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to immune dysregulation in utero or in early life has been shown to increase risk for neuropsychiatric illness. The sources of inflammation can be varied, including acute exposures due to maternal infection or acute stress, or persistent exposures due to chronic stress, obesity, malnutrition, or autoimmune diseases. These exposures may cause subtle alteration in brain development, structure, and function that can become progressively magnified across the life span, potentially increasing the likelihood of developing a neuropsychiatric conditions. There is some evidence that males are more susceptible to early-life inflammatory challenges than females. In this review, we discuss the various sources of in utero or early-life immune alteration and the known effects on fetal development with a sex-specific lens. To do so, we leveraged neuroimaging, behavioral, cellular, and neurochemical findings. Gaining clarity about how the intrauterine environment affects offspring development is critically important for informing preventive and early intervention measures that may buffer against the effects of these early-life risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Guma
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Wang C, Wang J, Wu X, Liu T, Wang F, Zhou H, Chen C, Shi L, Ma L, Liu T, Li C. Comprehensive review on sexual dimorphism to improve scalp acupuncture in nervous system disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14447. [PMID: 37665197 PMCID: PMC10805401 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of modern medicine, the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) combined with western medicine began to be produced and applied. Scalp acupuncture (SA) as a Chinese medicine based on neurological theory, has a great advantage compared with TCM in the treatment of nervous system diseases. METHOD In this paper, we analyze the physiological and pathological manifestations of sexual dimorphism (SD) to illustrate the necessity of SD treatment. In addition, we review the factors that can affect SD and analyze in physiological structure, function, and pathological neurons. Diseases (pathological basis, pathological manifestations, and incidence) and factors leading to gender differences, which to analyze the possibility of gender differences in SA. RESULT Furthermore, we creatively a new insight of SD-SA and provide the complete SD treatment cases on the basis of the existing SA in different kinds of diseases including stroke, migraine, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and depression. CONCLUSION In summary, we believe that it is feasible to improve the clinical effectiveness of SA, which is able to promote the development of SA, and then provides an actionable evidence for the promotion of precision medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Wang
- Department of First Clinical Medical CollegeHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHeilongjiangChina
| | - Jiening Wang
- Department of RehabilitationShanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xubo Wu
- Department of RehabilitationShanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- School of Rehabilitation ScienceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Feng Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Huanxia Zhou
- Department of RehabilitationShanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Lijuan Shi
- School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lin Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of RehabilitationShanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Cancheng Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
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Reed EG, Keller-Norrell PR. Minding the Gap: Exploring Neuroinflammatory and Microglial Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17377. [PMID: 38139206 PMCID: PMC10743742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into Alzheimer's Disease (AD) describes a link between AD and the resident immune cells of the brain, the microglia. Further, this suspected link is thought to have underlying sex effects, although the mechanisms of these effects are only just beginning to be understood. Many of these insights are the result of policies put in place by funding agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to consider sex as a biological variable (SABV) and the move towards precision medicine due to continued lackluster therapeutic options. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated assessment of the current research that summarizes sex differences and the research pertaining to microglia and their varied responses in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin G. Reed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44242, USA
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11
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Kelly LA, Branagan A, Semova G, Molloy EJ. Sex differences in neonatal brain injury and inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243364. [PMID: 37954620 PMCID: PMC10634351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal brain injury and associated inflammation is more common in males. There is a well-recognised difference in incidence and outcome of neonatal encephalopathy according to sex with a pronounced male disadvantage. Neurodevelopmental differences manifest from an early age in infancy with females having a lower incidence of developmental delay and learning difficulties in comparison with males and male sex has consistently been identified as a risk factor for cerebral palsy in epidemiological studies. Important neurobiological differences exist between the sexes with respect to neuronal injury which are especially pronounced in preterm neonates. There are many potential reasons for these sex differences including genetic, immunological and hormonal differences but there are limited studies of neonatal immune response. Animal models with induced neonatal hypoxia have shown various sex differences including an upregulated immune response and increased microglial activation in males. Male sex is recognized to be a risk factor for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) during the perinatal period and this review discusses in detail the sex differences in brain injury in preterm and term neonates and some of the potential new therapies with possible sex affects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne A. Kelly
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Paediatrics, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Branagan
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Paediatrics, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gergana Semova
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Paediatrics, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J. Molloy
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Paediatrics, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Neonatology, Children’s Health Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Neonatology and Neurodisability, Children’s Health Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Fass SB, Mulvey B, Yang W, Selmanovic D, Chaturvedi S, Tycksen E, Weiss LA, Dougherty JD. Relationship between sex biases in gene expression and sex biases in autism and Alzheimer's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.29.23294773. [PMID: 37693465 PMCID: PMC10491382 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.23294773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in the brain may play an important role in sex-differential prevalence of neuropsychiatric conditions. In order to understand the transcriptional basis of sex differences, we analyzed multiple, large-scale, human postmortem brain RNA-seq datasets using both within-region and pan-regional frameworks. We find evidence of sex-biased transcription in many autosomal genes, some of which provide evidence for pathways and cell population differences between chromosomally male and female individuals. These analyses also highlight regional differences in the extent of sex-differential gene expression. We observe an increase in specific neuronal transcripts in male brains and an increase in immune and glial function-related transcripts in female brains. Integration with single-cell data suggests this corresponds to sex differences in cellular states rather than cell abundance. Integration with case-control gene expression studies suggests a female molecular predisposition towards Alzheimer's disease, a female-biased disease. Autism, a male-biased diagnosis, does not exhibit a male predisposition pattern in our analysis. Finally, we provide region specific analyses of sex differences in brain gene expression to enable additional studies at the interface of gene expression and diagnostic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Fass
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bernard Mulvey
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe St. Ste 300, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Din Selmanovic
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sneha Chaturvedi
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
| | - Eric Tycksen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSE901, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSE901, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSE901, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Saint Louis MO, 63110, USA
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13
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Bourque M, Morissette M, Soulet D, Di Paolo T. Impact of Sex on Neuroimmune contributions to Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Bull 2023:110668. [PMID: 37196734 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Inflammation has been observed in both the idiopathic and familial forms of PD. Importantly, PD is reported more often in men than in women, men having at least 1.5- fold higher risk to develop PD than women. This review summarizes the impact of biological sex and sex hormones on the neuroimmune contributions to PD and its investigation in animal models of PD. Innate and peripheral immune systems participate in the brain neuroinflammation of PD patients and is reproduced in neurotoxin, genetic and alpha-synuclein based models of PD. Microglia and astrocytes are the main cells of the innate immune system in the central nervous system and are the first to react to restore homeostasis in the brain. Analysis of serum immunoprofiles in female and male control and PD patients show that a great proportion of these markers differ between male and female. The relationship between CSF inflammatory markers and PD clinical characteristics or PD biomarkers shows sex differences. Conversely, in animal models of PD, sex differences in inflammation are well documented and the beneficial effects of endogenous and exogenous estrogenic modulation in inflammation have been reported. Targeting neuroinflammation in PD is an emerging therapeutic option but gonadal drugs have not yet been investigated in this respect, thus offering new opportunities for sex specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bourque
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada.
| | - Marc Morissette
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada.
| | - Denis Soulet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada.
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14
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Prengel TM, Brunne B, Habiballa M, Rune GM. Sexually differentiated microglia and CA1 hippocampal synaptic connectivity. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13276. [PMID: 37170708 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microglia have been shown to sculpt postnatal circuitry from birth up to adulthood due to their role in both synapse formation, synaptic pruning, and the elimination of weak, redundant synapses. Microglia are differentiated in a sex-dependent manner. In this study, we tested whether sexual differentiation of microglia results in sex-dependent postnatal reorganization of CA1 synaptic connectivity in the hippocampus. The stereological counting of synapses in mice using electron microscopy showed a continuous rise in synapse density until the fourth week, followed by a plateau phase and loss of synapses from the eighth week onwards, with no difference between sexes. This course of alteration in synapse numbers did not differ between sexes. However, selectively, on postnatal day (P) 14 the density of synapses was significantly higher in the female than in the male hippocampus. Higher synapse density in females was paralleled by higher activity of microglia, as indicated by morphological changes, CD68 expression, and proximity of microglia to synaptic sites. In Thy1-GFP mice, consistent with increased synapse numbers, bouton density was also clearly increased in females at P14. At this time point, CD47 expression, the "don't eat me" signal of neurons, was similar in males and females. The decrease in bouton density thereafter in conjunction with increased synapse numbers argues for a role of microglia in the formation of multispine boutons (MSB). Our data in females at P14 support the regulatory role of microglia in synapse density. Sexual differentiation of microglia, however, does not substantially affect long-term synaptic reorganization in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M Prengel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianka Brunne
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moataz Habiballa
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele M Rune
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Henn RE, Guo K, Elzinga SE, Noureldein MH, Mendelson FE, Hayes JM, Rigan DM, Savelieff MG, Hur J, Feldman EL. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies hippocampal microglial dysregulation in diet-induced obesity. iScience 2023; 26:106164. [PMID: 36915697 PMCID: PMC10006681 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global concern in adults and youth with a parallel rise in associated complications, including cognitive impairment. Obesity induces brain inflammation and activates microglia, which contribute to cognitive impairment by aberrantly phagocytosing synaptic spines. Local and systemic signals, such as inflammatory cytokines and metabolites likely participate in obesity-induced microglial activation. However, the precise mechanisms mediating microglial activation during obesity remain incompletely understood. Herein, we leveraged our mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, which mirrors human obesity, and develops hippocampal-dependent cognitive impairment. We assessed hippocampal microglial activation by morphological and single-cell transcriptomic analysis to evaluate this heterogeneous, functionally diverse, and dynamic class of cells over time after 1 and 3 months of HFD. HFD altered cell-to-cell communication, particularly immune modulation and cellular adhesion signaling, and induced a differential gene expression signature of protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E. Henn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah E. Elzinga
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mohamed H. Noureldein
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Faye E. Mendelson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Diana M. Rigan
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Masha G. Savelieff
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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Rondepierre F, Tauveron-Jalenques U, Valette S, Mulliez A, D’Incan M, Lauron S, Jalenques I. Psychiatric symptomatology in skin-restricted lupus patients without axis I psychiatric disorders: A post-hoc analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282079. [PMID: 36857334 PMCID: PMC9977055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin-restricted lupus is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high rates of depression and anxiety disorders. Patients without psychiatric disorders can experience anxiety and depressive symptoms at a subclinical level, which could be risk factors for progression towards psychiatric disorders. It was decided, therefore, to investigate the presence of specific symptoms in skin-restricted lupus patients without axis I psychiatric disorders and their impact on the occurrence of axis I psychiatric disorders during the study follow-up. METHODS Longitudinal data of 38 patients and 76 matched controls without active axis I psychiatric disorders from the LuPsy cohort were used. Depressive, neurovegetative, psychic and somatic anxiety symptom scores were established from the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAMA). RESULTS None of the participants had any current active axis I psychiatric disorders but the patients had personality disorders more frequently and had received more past psychotropic treatments than the controls. They also had higher MADRS and HAMA scores than the controls, in particular neurovegetative, psychic anxiety and somatic symptoms scores. No dermatological factor tested was associated with these scores, whereas being a lupus patient was associated with higher neurovegetative and somatic symptoms scores, having a current personality disorder with higher depressive and neurovegetative scores and receiving more past psychotropic treatments with psychic anxiety and somatic symptoms scores. The occurrence of psychiatric disorders during the study follow-up was associated with an elevated psychic anxiety score at baseline and past psychotropic treatment but not with history of psychiatric disorder. LIMITATIONS The LuPsy cohort included a large number of patients with axis I psychiatric disorders, the sample without axis I psychiatric disorders is therefore limited. CONCLUSIONS We observed numerous psychiatric symptoms among the skin-restricted lupus patients. They should therefore receive special attention in the management of their subclinical symptoms before they progress towards full psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Rondepierre
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte A et Psychologie Médicale, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Urbain Tauveron-Jalenques
- Clermont Auvergne Université, CNRS, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte A et Psychologie Médicale, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Solène Valette
- Clermont Auvergne Université, CNRS, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte A et Psychologie Médicale, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélien Mulliez
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michel D’Incan
- Clermont Auvergne Université, INSERM, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Dermatologie, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Lauron
- Clermont Auvergne Université, CNRS, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte A et Psychologie Médicale, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Jalenques
- Clermont Auvergne Université, CNRS, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte A et Psychologie Médicale, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France,* E-mail:
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17
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Parekh SV, Adams LO, Barkell GA, Lysle DT. Sex-differences in anxiety, neuroinflammatory markers, and enhanced fear learning following chronic heroin withdrawal. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:347-359. [PMID: 36633660 PMCID: PMC9879843 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and opioid use disorder (OUD) are comorbid in clinical populations. However, both pre-clinical and clinical studies of these co-occurring disorders have disproportionately represented male subjects, limiting the applicability of these findings. Our previous work has identified chronic escalating heroin administration and withdrawal can produce enhanced fear learning. This behavior is associated with an increase in dorsal hippocampal (DH) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. Further, we have shown that these increases in IL-1β and TNF-α are mechanistically necessary for the development of enhanced fear learning. Although these are exciting findings, this paradigm has only been studied in males. The current studies aim to examine sex differences in the behavioral and neuroimmune effects of chronic heroin withdrawal and future enhanced fear learning. In turn, we determined that chronic escalating heroin administration can produce withdrawal in female rats comparable to male rats. Subsequently, we examined the consequence of heroin withdrawal on future enhanced fear learning and IL-1β, TNF-α, and GFAP immunoreactivity. Strikingly, we identified sex differences in these neuroimmune measures, as chronic heroin administration and withdrawal does not produce enhanced fear learning or immunoreactivity changes in females. Moreover, we determined whether heroin withdrawal produces short-term and long-term anxiety behaviors in both female and males. Collectively, these novel experiments are the first to test whether heroin withdrawal can sensitize future fear learning, produce neurobiological changes, and cause short-term and long-term anxiety behaviors in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shveta V Parekh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Lydia O Adams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Gillian A Barkell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA.
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18
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Sex- and Gonadal Status- Dependent Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. PD prevalence and incidence are higher in men than in women and modulation of gonadal hormones could have an impact on the disease course. This was investigated in male and female gonadectomized (GDX) and SHAM operated (SHAM) mice. Dutasteride (DUT), a 5α-reductase inhibitor, was administered to these mice for 10 days to modulate their gonadal sex hormones. On the fifth day of DUT treatment, mice received 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to model PD. We have previously shown in these mice the toxic effect of MPTP in SHAM and GDX males and in GDX females on dopamine markers and astrogliosis whereas SHAM females were protected by their female sex hormones. In SHAM males, DUT protected against MPTP toxicity. In the present study, microglial density and the number of doublets, representative of a microglial proliferation, were increased by the MPTP lesion only in male mice and prevented by DUT in SHAM males. A three-dimensional morphological microglial analysis showed that MPTP changed microglial morphology from quiescent to activated only in male mice and was not prevented by DUT. In conclusion, microgliosis can be modulated by sex hormone-dependent and independent factors in a mice model of PD.
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19
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Points of divergence on a bumpy road: early development of brain and immune threat processing systems following postnatal adversity. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:269-283. [PMID: 35705633 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lifelong indices of maladaptive behavior or illness often stem from early physiological aberrations during periods of dynamic development. This is especially true when dysfunction is attributable to early life adversity (ELA), when the environment itself is unsuitable to support development of healthy behavior. Exposure to ELA is strongly associated with atypical sensitivity and responsivity to potential threats-a characteristic that could be adaptive in situations where early adversity prepares individuals for lifelong danger, but which often manifests in difficulties with emotion regulation and social relationships. By synthesizing findings from animal research, this review will consider threat sensitivity through the lenses of associated corticolimbic brain circuitry and immune mechanisms, both of which are immature early in life to maximize adaptation for protection against environmental challenges to an individual's well-being. The forces that drive differential development of corticolimbic circuits include caretaking stimuli, physiological and psychological stressors, and sex, which influences developmental trajectories. These same forces direct developmental processes of the immune system, which bidirectionally communicates with sensory systems and emotion regulation circuits within the brain. Inflammatory signals offer a further force influencing the timing and nature of corticolimbic plasticity, while also regulating sensitivity to future threats from the environment (i.e., injury or pathogens). The early development of these systems programs threat sensitivity through juvenility and adolescence, carving paths for probable function throughout adulthood. To strategize prevention or management of maladaptive threat sensitivity in ELA-exposed populations, it is necessary to fully understand these early points of divergence.
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20
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Ng PY, Zhang C, Li H, Baker DJ. Senescent Microglia Represent a Subset of Disease-Associated Microglia in P301S Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:493-507. [PMID: 37545233 PMCID: PMC10848894 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence and contribution of microglia with senescent-like alterations in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been suggested in recent years. However, the identification of this distinct microglial population in vivo has proven challenging, largely due to overlaps in the inflammatory phenotype of activated and senescent microglia. Furthermore, attempts at recapitulating senescence in microglia in vitro are limited. OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize senescent microglia that occur in vivo in an animal model of neurodegeneration driven by pathologic tau. METHODS We analyzed the RNA expression patterns of individual microglia from normal mice and the pathogenic tau P301 S PS19 mouse model. We have previously demonstrated that p16-expressing senescent microglia occur in these mice when neurodegeneration has occurred. RESULTS Here we identify a subset of disease-associated microglia with senescent features, notably characterized by the expression of Ccl4. This signature overlaps with established markers of senescence from other cell types. CONCLUSION Our characterization of senescent microglia can be used to better understand the role of senescent microglia in various age-related contexts, including whether clearance of senescent microglia represents a viable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Y. Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Darren J. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- The Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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21
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Pechacek KM, Vonder Haar C. Chronic lipopolysaccharide impairs motivation when delivered to the ventricles, but not when delivered peripherally in male rats. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113998. [PMID: 36257462 PMCID: PMC11305111 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Increased neuroinflammation relative to controls is observed in major depression. Moreover, depressive disorders are significantly elevated in conditions which increase neuroinflammation (e.g., brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease). To better understand the relationship between neuroinflammation and depression, additional research is needed. The current set of studies made use of the progressive ratio (PR) task in male rats, a stable measure of motivation which can be evaluated daily and thus is ideally suited for examining a potential role for chronic neuroinflammation in depressive-like behavior. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce an inflammatory response. Experiment 1 confirmed prior acute LPS administration experiments for sensitivity of the PR task, with a large effect at 2 mg/kg, a partial effect at 1 mg/kg, and no effect at 0.5 mg/kg. Experiment 2 evaluated a dose-response of continuous s.c. LPS infusion but found no significant elevation in brain cytokines after 14 days at any doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg/week. Experiment 3 assessed motivation during continuous s.c. infusion of a large 5 mg/kg/week LPS dose and found no significant impairments in motivation, but transient decreases in rates of lever pressing (i.e., only motoric deficits). Experiment 4 measured motivation during continuous ICV infusion of 10.5 μg/kg/week LPS and found significantly decreased motivation without changes to rates of lever pressing (i.e., only motivational deficits). Together these results suggest that the PR task is efficient for evaluating models of chronic inflammation, and that the adaptive response to chronic LPS exposure, even when delivered centrally, may necessitate alternative strategies for generating long-term neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Pechacek
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cole Vonder Haar
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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22
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Wang Y, Hu Z, Liu H, Gu Y, Ye M, Lu Q, Lu X, Huang C. Adolescent microglia stimulation produces long-lasting protection against chronic stress-induced behavioral abnormalities in adult male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:44-66. [PMID: 35781008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies had reported that microglia activation one day before stress exposure prevented the behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic stress in adult mice, and a 10-day interval between microglia stimulation and stress exposure can abolish the prophylactic effect of LPS preinjection on the behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic stress, which, however, could be rescued by repeated LPS injection. This suggests that increased stimulation of microglia results in animals developing a strong ability to prevent deleterious stress stimuli. Because microglia in the adolescent brain exhibit flexible immunological plasticity, we hypothesize that a single low-dose LPS injection during adolescence may provide long-lasting protection against behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic stress in adult mice. As expected, our results showed that a single injection of LPS (100 μg/kg) at post-natal day 28 (PND 28) prevented the development of abnormal behaviors and shifted neuroinflammatory responses toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype in adult mice treated with CSDS at their different stages of the age (PND 56, 140, and 252). Moreover, pretreatment with minocycline or PLX3397 to inhibit microglial activation abolished the prophylactic effect of LPS preinjection after PND 28 on behavioral abnormalities and neuroinflammatory responses induced by CSDS in adult mice at their different stages of the age, PND 56, 140, and 252. These results indicate that stimulation of microglia in adolescence may confer long-lasting protection against neuroinflammatory responses and behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic stress in adult mice. This may offer the potential for the development of a "vaccine-like strategy" to prevent mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng First Hospital, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minxiu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Middle Qingnian Road, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Butkevich IP, Mikhailenko VA, Vershinina EA. Sexual Dimorphism in the Effect of Neonatal Inflammatory Pain on Stress Reactivity of Hormonal Response and Cognitive Functions in Adult Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022; 58:353-363. [PMID: 35599637 PMCID: PMC9109674 DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of moderate neonatal stress induced by inflammatory
pain in rat pups of both sexes on the hormonal response and cognitive
processes in adult animals was studied in the Morris water maze.
No significant differences in spatial learning and memory were found
in experimental rats exposed to neonatal inflammatory pain vs. control
animals. However, experimental rats exhibited sex differences in
long-term spatial memory whose efficiency was higher in males vs.
females. After long-term memory testing, stress responsiveness of
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, as assessed by the
plasma corticosterone level in the formalin test, was higher in
experimental males vs. females. Only experimental females exhibited
differences between short-term and long-term memory, with the efficiency
being higher in the former. Thus, sexual dimorphism was found in
the effect of neonatal nociceptive stress on long-term spatial memory
in adult rats: experimental males vs. females demonstrated more
effective long-term memory combined with a higher stress reactivity
of the hormonal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. P. Butkevich
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology,
Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. A. Mikhailenko
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology,
Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. A. Vershinina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology,
Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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24
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Lin SH, Chen SCC. RNA Editing in Glioma as a Sexually Dimorphic Prognostic Factor That Affects mRNA Abundance in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Inflammation Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071231. [PMID: 35406793 PMCID: PMC8997934 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA editing alters the nucleotide sequence and has been associated with cancer progression. However, little is known about its prognostic and regulatory roles in glioma, one of the most common types of primary brain tumors. We characterized and analyzed RNA editomes of glioblastoma and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutated (IDH-MUT) gliomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). We showed that editing change during glioma progression was another layer of molecular alterations and that editing profiles predicted the prognosis of glioblastoma and IDH-MUT gliomas in a sex-dependent manner. Hyper-editing was associated with poor survival in females but better survival in males. Moreover, noncoding editing events impacted mRNA abundance of the host genes. Genes associated with inflammatory response (e.g., EIF2AK2, a key mediator of innate immunity) and fatty acid oxidation (e.g., acyl-CoA oxidase 1, the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation) were editing-regulated and associated with glioma progression. The above findings were further validated in CGGA samples. Establishment of the prognostic and regulatory roles of RNA editing in glioma holds promise for developing editing-based therapeutic strategies against glioma progression. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism at the epitranscriptional level highlights the importance of developing sex-specific treatments for glioma.
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25
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Association between pre-conception Dietary Inflammatory Index and neurodevelopment of offspring at 3 years of age: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. Nutrition 2022; 102:111708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Ganguli S, Chavali PL. Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:771557. [PMID: 34858132 PMCID: PMC8631423 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.771557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine viral infections during pregnancy by pathogens such as Zika virus, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Herpes Simplex virus can lead to prenatal as well as postnatal neurodevelopmental disorders. Although maternal viral infections are common during pregnancy, viruses rarely penetrate the trophoblast. When they do cross, viruses can cause adverse congenital health conditions for the fetus. In this context, maternal inflammatory responses to these neurotropic pathogens play a significant role in negatively affecting neurodevelopment. For instance, intrauterine inflammation poses an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as microcephaly, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Severe inflammatory responses have been linked to stillbirths, preterm births, abortions and microcephaly. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic basis of how immune system shapes the landscape of the brain and how different neurotropic viral pathogens evoke inflammatory responses. Finally, we list the consequences of neuroinflammation on fetal brain development and discuss directions for future research and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ganguli
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcCSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pavithra L Chavali
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcCSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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27
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Tsyglakova M, Huskey AM, Hurst EH, Telep NM, Wilding MC, Babington ME, Rainville JR, Hodes GE. Sex and region-specific effects of variable stress on microglia morphology. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100378. [PMID: 34820640 PMCID: PMC8600001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common and debilitating mood disorder that is more prevalent in women than men. In humans, PET imaging of microglia activation is currently being explored as a potential biomarker of MDD and suicidal ideation. Stress is a trigger for many mood disorders, including MDD. Microglial changes in morphology and activation state in response to stress has been reported in various brain regions, but most studies only examined male subjects. Here we report changes in microglia morphology in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and subregions of the hippocampus (HPC) in both male and female mice following variable stress of 6 or 28 days in duration. Our data demonstrate that after 6 days of stress, microglia in the female NAc and dentate gyrus have a reduction in homeostatic associated morphology and an increase in primed microglia. After 28 days some of these sex specific stress effects were still present in microglia within the NAc but not the dentate gyrus. There were no effects of stress in either sex at either timepoint in CA1. In female mice, anti-inflammatory activation of microglia using rosiglitazone promoted sociability behavior after 6 days of stress. Furthermore, both drug and stress have impact on microglia morphology and activation state in the NAc. These data suggest that microglia morphology and activation state are altered by 6 days of variable stress in a region-specific manner and may contribute to, or potentially compensate for, the onset of stress susceptibility rather than impacting long term exposure to stress. There are region and sex specific effects of stress on microglia. Female microglia respond more strongly to shorter periods of stress. Rosiglitazone increases social interaction in stressed female mice. Rosiglitazone does not block stress induced microglia activation in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Tsyglakova
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alisa M Huskey
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emily H Hurst
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Natalie M Telep
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mary C Wilding
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Meghan E Babington
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Rainville
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Georgia E Hodes
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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28
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Mikhailenko VA, Butkevich IP, Vershinina EA. The Effect of Neonatal Inflammatory Pain on Cognitive Processes and Reactivity of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in Prepubertal Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Butkevich IP, Mikhailenko VA, Vershinina EA, Barr GA. The Long-Term Effects of Neonatal Inflammatory Pain on Cognitive Function and Stress Hormones Depend on the Heterogeneity of the Adolescent Period of Development in Male and Female Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:691578. [PMID: 34366805 PMCID: PMC8334561 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.691578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stress at an early age programs the HPA axis which can lead to cognitive deficits in adults. However, it is not known whether these deficits emerge in adulthood or are expressed earlier in life. The aims of the study were to investigate (1) the immediate effects of early injury-induced stress in one-day-old (P1) and repeated stress on at P1 and P2 rat pups on plasma corticosterone levels; and (2) examine the subsequent long-term effects of this early stress on spatial learning and memory, and stress reactivity in early P26-34 and late P45-53 adolescent male and female rats. Intra-plantar injection of formalin induced prolonged and elevated levels of corticosterone in pups and impaired spatial learning and short- and long-term memory in late adolescent males and long-term memory in early adolescent females. There were sex differences in late adolescence in both learning and short-term memory. Performance on the long-term memory task was better than that on the short-term memory task for all early adolescent male and female control and stressed animals. Short-term memory was better in the late age control rats of both sexes and for formalin treated females as compared with the early age rats. These results are consistent with an impaired function of structures involved in memory (the hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex) after newborn pain. However, activation of the HPA axis by neonatal pain did not directly correlate with spatial learning and memory outcomes and the consequences of neonatal pain remain are likely multi-determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina P. Butkevich
- Laboratory of Ontogenesis of the Nervous System, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Mikhailenko
- Laboratory of Ontogenesis of the Nervous System, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena A. Vershinina
- Department of Information Technologies and Mathematical Modeling, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gordon A. Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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30
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Carrano A, Juarez JJ, Incontri D, Ibarra A, Cazares HG. Sex-Specific Differences in Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071783. [PMID: 34359952 PMCID: PMC8303471 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences have been well identified in many brain tumors. Even though glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has the worst outcome, well-established differences between men and women are limited to incidence and outcome. Little is known about sex differences in GBM at the disease phenotype and genetical/molecular level. This review focuses on a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of GBM, including hormones, metabolic pathways, the immune system, and molecular changes, along with differences between men and women and how these dimorphisms affect disease outcome. The information analyzed in this review shows a greater incidence and worse outcome in male patients with GBM compared with female patients. We highlight the protective role of estrogen and the upregulation of androgen receptors and testosterone having detrimental effects on GBM. Moreover, hormones and the immune system work in synergy to directly affect the GBM microenvironment. Genetic and molecular differences have also recently been identified. Specific genes and molecular pathways, either upregulated or downregulated depending on sex, could potentially directly dictate GBM outcome differences. It appears that sexual dimorphism in GBM affects patient outcome and requires an individualized approach to management considering the sex of the patient, especially in relation to differences at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carrano
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Juan Jose Juarez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico; (J.J.J.); (D.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Diego Incontri
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico; (J.J.J.); (D.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico; (J.J.J.); (D.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Hugo Guerrero Cazares
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
- Correspondence:
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31
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Reddy DS, Thompson W, Calderara G. Molecular mechanisms of sex differences in epilepsy and seizure susceptibility in chemical, genetic and acquired epileptogenesis. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135753. [PMID: 33610673 PMCID: PMC7994197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a succinct overview of sex differences in epilepsy and putative molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in seizure susceptibility in chemical, genetic, and acquired epileptogenesis. The susceptibility to excitability episodes and occurrence of epileptic seizures are generally higher in men than women. The precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear, but differences in regional morphology and neural circuits in men and women may explain differential vulnerability to seizures and epileptogenic cascades. Changes in seizure sensitivity can be attributed to steroid hormones, including fluctuations in neurosteroids as well as neuroplasticity in their receptor signaling systems. Other potential neurobiological bases for sex differences in epilepsies include differences in brain development, neurogenesis, neuronal chloride homeostasis, and neurotrophic and glial responses. In catamenial epilepsy, a gender-specific neuroendocrine condition, epileptic seizures are most often clustered around a specific menstrual period in adult women. A deeper understanding of the molecular and neural network basis of sex differences in seizures and response to antiepileptic drugs is highly warranted for designing effective, sex-specific therapies for epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and seizure disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.
| | - Wesley Thompson
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Gianmarco Calderara
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
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32
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Church JS, Tamayo JM, Ashwood P, Schwartzer JJ. Repeated allergic asthma in early versus late pregnancy differentially impacts offspring brain and behavior development. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:66-79. [PMID: 33358979 PMCID: PMC7979463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress during pregnancy and maternal inflammation are two common prenatal factors that impact offspring development. Asthma is the leading chronic condition complicating pregnancy and a common source of prenatal stress and inflammation. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize the developmental impact of repeated allergic asthma inflammation during pregnancy on offspring behavioral outcomes and brain inflammation. METHODS Pregnant female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) or PBS vehicle control and then randomly assigned to receive daily aerosol exposures to the same OVA or PBS treatment during early, gestational days (GD) 2-GD9, or late pregnancy, GD10-GD17. Maternal sera were collected after the first and last aerosol induction regimen and measured for concentrations of corticosterone, anti-OVA IgE, and cytokine profiles. Juvenile male and female offspring were assessed for locomotor and social behaviors and later as adults assessed for anxiety-like, and marble burying behaviors using a series of behavioral tasks. Offspring brains were evaluated for region-specific differences in cytokine concentrations. RESULTS In early gestation, both PBS and OVA-exposed dams had similar serum corticosterone concentration at the start (GD2) and end (GD9) of daily aerosol inductions. Only OVA-exposed dams showed elevations in cytokines that imply a diverse and robust T helper cell-mediated immune response. Male offspring of early OVA-exposed dams showed decreases in open-arm exploration in the elevated plus maze and increased marble burying without concomitant changes in locomotor activity or social interactions. These behavioral deficits in early OVA-exposed male offspring were associated with lower concentrations of G-CSF, IL-4, IL-7, IFNγ, and TNFα in the hypothalamus. In late gestation, both PBS and OVA-exposed dams had increased corticosterone levels at the end of daily aerosol inductions (GD17) compared to at the start of inductions (GD10). Male offspring from both PBS and OVA-exposed dams in late gestation showed similar decreases in open arm exploration on the elevated plus maze compared to OVA male offspring exposed in early gestation. No behavioral differences were present in female offspring across all treatment groups. However, females of dams exposed to OVA during early gestation displayed similar reductions as males in hypothalamic G-CSF, IL-7, IL-4, and IFNγ. DISCUSSION The inflammatory responses from maternal allergic asthma in early gestation and resulting increases in anxiety-like behavior in males support a link between the timing of prenatal insults and sex-specific developmental outcomes. Moreover, the heightened stress responses in late gestation and concomitant dampened inflammatory response to allergic asthma suggest that interactions between the maternal immune and stress-response systems shape early life fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Church
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Juan M Tamayo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Paul Ashwood
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jared J Schwartzer
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA.
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33
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Allegra A, Giarratana RM, Scola L, Balistreri CR. The close link between the fetal programming imprinting and neurodegeneration in adulthood: The key role of "hemogenic endothelium" programming. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111461. [PMID: 33600833 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The research on neurodegenerative diseases (NeuroDegD) has been traditionally focused on later life stages. There is now an increasing evidence, that they may be programmed during early development. Here, we propose that NeuroDegD are the result of the complex process of imprinting on fetal hemogenic endothelium, from which the microglial cells make to origin. The central role of placenta and epigenetic mechanisms (methylation of DNA, histone modifications and regulation by non-coding RNAs) in mediating the short and long-term effects has been also described. Precisely, it reports their role in impacting plasticity and memory of microglial cells. In addition, we also underline the necessity of further studies for clearing all mechanisms involved and developing epigenetic methods for identifying potential targets as biomarkers, and for developing preventive measures. Such biomarkers might be used to identify individuals at risk to NeuroDegD. Finally, the sex dependence of fetal programming process has been discussed. It might justify the sex differences in the epidemiologic, imaging, biomarkers, and pathology studies of these pathologies. The discovery of related mechanisms might have important clinical implications in both the etiology of disorders and the management of pregnant women for encouraging healthy long-term outcomes for their children, and future generations. Impending research on the mechanisms related to transgenerational transmission of prenatal stress might consent the development and application of therapies and/or intervention strategies for these disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Maria Giarratana
- Department of BioMedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Scola
- Department of BioMedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of BioMedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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34
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Jones MC, Koh JM, Cheong KH. Synaptic Pruning in Schizophrenia: Does Minocycline Modulate Psychosocial Brain Development? Bioessays 2021; 42:e2000046. [PMID: 33448432 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline, or its cousins, hold therapeutic potential for affective and psychotic disorders. This is proposed on the basis of a direct effect on microglia-mediated frontocortical synaptic pruning (FSP) during adolescence, perhaps in genetically susceptible individuals harboring risk alleles in the complement component cascade that is involved in this normal process of CNS circuit refinement. In reviewing this field, it is argued that minocycline is actually probing and modulating a deeply evolved and intricate system wherein psychosocial stimuli sculpt the circuitry of the "social brain" underlying adult behavior and personality. Furthermore, this system can generate psychiatric morbidity that is not dependent on genetic variation. This view has important ramifications for understanding "pathologies" of human social behavior and cognition as well as providing long-sought potential mechanistic links between social experience and susceptibility to mental and physical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Jones
- Science, Mathematics & Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, S487372, Singapore
| | - Jin Ming Koh
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Kang Hao Cheong
- Science, Mathematics & Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, S487372, Singapore.,SUTD-Massachusetts Institute of Technology International Design Centre, S487372, Singapore
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35
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Donovan M, Mackey CS, Platt GN, Rounds J, Brown AN, Trickey DJ, Liu Y, Jones KM, Wang Z. Social isolation alters behavior, the gut-immune-brain axis, and neurochemical circuits in male and female prairie voles. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100278. [PMID: 33344730 PMCID: PMC7739176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of social support, or social isolation, can be stressful, leading to a suite of physical and psychological health issues. Growing evidence suggests that disruption of the gut-immune-brain axis plays a crucial role in the negative outcomes seen from social isolation stress. However, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. The socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) has been validated as a useful model for studying negative effects of social isolation on the brain and behaviors, yet how the gut microbiome and central immune system are altered in isolated prairie voles are still unknown. Here, we utilized this social rodent to examine how social isolation stress alters the gut-immune-brain axis and relevant behaviors. Adult male and female prairie voles (n = 48 per sex) experienced social isolation or were cohoused with a same-sex cagemate (control) for six weeks. Thereafter, their social and anxiety-like behaviors, neuronal circuit activation, neurochemical expression, and microgliosis in key brain regions, as well as gut microbiome alterations from the isolation treatment were examined. Social isolation increased anxiety-like behaviors and impaired social affiliation. Isolation also resulted in sex- and brain region-specific alterations in neuronal activation, neurochemical expression, and microgliosis. Further, social isolation resulted in alterations to the gut microbiome that were correlated with key brain and behavioral measures. Our data suggest that social isolation alters the gut-immune-brain axis in a sex-dependent manner and that gut microbes, central glial cells, and neurochemical systems may play a critical, integrative role in mediating negative outcomes from social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Donovan
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, 1700 N. Wheeling St., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Calvin S. Mackey
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Grayson N. Platt
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Jacob Rounds
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Amber N. Brown
- Department of Biological Science Core Facilities, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Darryl J. Trickey
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Jones
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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Jacobsen-Pereira CH, Cardoso CC, Gehlen TC, Regina Dos Santos C, Santos-Silva MC. Immune response of Brazilian farmers exposed to multiple pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110912. [PMID: 32800247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to pesticides has been identified as a factor that predisposes to disorders of the immune system. Immunosuppression, autoimmunity, cancer of various organs and other diseases in people who apply these products have been reported by the studies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between occupational exposure to pesticides and the immunological profile in 43 farmers exposed to mixtures of pesticides for at least 15 years. A control group composed of 30 individuals without a history of occupational exposure to pesticides was also evaluated. Peripheral blood samples were processed by flow cytometry and cells were labelled with an 8-color monoclonal antibody panel. Plasma cytokines were also measured. Significant increase in classical monocytes (p < 0.001) and dendritic cells (p < 0.001) in the exposed group was observed as well in total T cells (p = 0.04), central memory CD8 T cells (p = 0.02) and effector memory CD8 T cells (p = 0.01). On the other hand, the activation markers of T cells as the expression of CD57, HLA-DR, CD25 and CD28 were evaluated and no difference was found between groups. When the B cells were analyzed, a significant decrease in total B cells (p = 0.01), regulatory B cells (p < 0.001) and plasmablasts (p < 0.001) in the exposed group, compared to healthy controls, was observed. Pro-inflammatory IL-6 was significantly elevated (p = 0.04) in the plasma of farmers compared to that of controls. The constant antigenic stimulus that occurs during exposure to pesticides can favor the recruitment of dendritic cells and macrophages (APCs) presents in the skin and respiratory tract. In the secondary lymphoid organs, the CD4 T and B cells that process such antigens are possibly undergoing proliferative exhaustion, with the consequent depletion of all mature B subpopulations. The resulting drop in humoral immunity may be offset by an increase in the number of circulating CD8 T lymphocytes due to their cytotoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandra Chiappin Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Division of Clinical Analysis, Flow Cytometry Service, University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Tais Cristina Gehlen
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Claudia Regina Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Clinical Analysis Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Santos-Silva
- Division of Clinical Analysis, Flow Cytometry Service, University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Clinical Analysis Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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37
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Matelski L, Keil Stietz KP, Sethi S, Taylor SL, Van de Water J, Lein PJ. The influence of sex, genotype, and dose on serum and hippocampal cytokine levels in juvenile mice developmentally exposed to a human-relevant mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. Curr Res Toxicol 2020; 1:85-103. [PMID: 34296199 PMCID: PMC8294704 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are pervasive environmental contaminants implicated as risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Immune dysregulation is another NDD risk factor, and developmental PCB exposures are associated with early life immune dysregulation. Studies of the immunomodulatory effects of PCBs have focused on the higher-chlorinated congeners found in legacy commercial mixtures. Comparatively little is known about the immune effects of contemporary, lower-chlorinated PCBs. This is a critical data gap given recent reports that lower-chlorinated congeners comprise >70% of the total PCB burden in serum of pregnant women enrolled in the MARBLES study who are at increased risk for having a child with an NDD. To examine the influence of PCBs, sex, and genotype on cytokine levels, mice were exposed throughout gestation and lactation to a PCB mixture in the maternal diet, which was based on the 12 most abundant PCBs in sera from MARBLES subjects. Using multiplex array, cytokines were quantified in the serum and hippocampus of weanling mice expressing either a human gain-of-function mutation in ryanodine receptor 1 (T4826I mice), a human CGG premutation repeat expansion in the fragile X mental retardation gene 1 (CGG mice), or both mutations (DM mice). Congenic wildtype (WT) mice were used as controls. There were dose-dependent effects of PCB exposure on cytokine concentrations in the serum but not hippocampus. Differential effects of genotype were observed in the serum and hippocampus. Hippocampal cytokines were consistently elevated in T4826I mice and also in WT animals for some cytokines compared to CGG and DM mice, while serum cytokines were usually elevated in the mutant genotypes compared to the WT group. Males had elevated levels of 19 cytokines in the serum and 4 in the hippocampus compared to females, but there were also interactions between sex and genotype for 7 hippocampal cytokines. Only the chemokine CCL5 in the serum showed an interaction between PCB dose, genotype, and sex. Collectively, these findings indicate differential influences of PCB exposure and genotype on cytokine levels in serum and hippocampal tissue of weanling mice. These results suggest that developmental PCB exposure has chronic effects on baseline serum, but not hippocampal, cytokine levels in juvenile mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Matelski
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimberly P. Keil Stietz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sunjay Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sandra L. Taylor
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA,MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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38
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Gilli F, DiSano KD, Pachner AR. SeXX Matters in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:616. [PMID: 32719651 PMCID: PMC7347971 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). An interesting feature that this debilitating disease shares with many other inflammatory disorders is that susceptibility is higher in females than in males, with the risk of MS being three times higher in women compared to men. Nonetheless, while men have a decreased risk of developing MS, many studies suggest that males have a worse clinical outcome. MS exhibits an apparent sexual dimorphism in both the immune response and the pathophysiology of the CNS damage, ultimately affecting disease susceptibility and progression differently. Overall, women are predisposed to higher rates of inflammatory relapses than men, but men are more likely to manifest signs of disease progression and worse CNS damage. The observed sexual dimorphism in MS may be due to sex hormones and sex chromosomes, acting in parallel or combination. In this review, we outline current knowledge on the sexual dimorphism in MS and discuss the interplay of sex chromosomes, sex hormones, and the immune system in driving MS disease susceptibility and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gilli
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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39
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Bock BB, Bastos CR, Ardais AP, Grellert M, de Carvalho HW, Farias CP, Jansen K, Oses JP, da Silva RA, Portela LV, Kaster MP, Lara DR, Ghisleni G. Temperament traits moderate the relationship between Childhood Trauma and Interleukin 1β profile in young adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104671. [PMID: 32422464 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Early life stressors, such as childhood trauma, have been associated to alterations in immune response that can last until adulthood. In this context, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) emerges as a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a pivotal role. Also, considering the temperament differences in stress susceptibility, and even immune dysfunction, studies investigating the complex interaction between these factors are scarce. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the moderating role of temperament traits in the relationship between childhood trauma and serum IL-1β levels. This cross-sectional study consisted of 325 individuals, men and women, aged 18-35, enrolled from a population-based study in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Our main results indicate that higher serum levels of IL-1β were associated with trauma severity (p < 0.01), and the variance of anger could explain 29% of IL-1β increase in individuals who suffered severe trauma (p < 0.05). The effect of anger was considerably stronger in men than in women (46% and 25%, respectively). Moreover, the variance of sensitivity also explained 15% of IL-1β increase (p < 0.05) as well as the variance of volition explained 11% of IL-1β decrease (p < 0.05) in individuals who suffered severe trauma in the general population. Our results indicate that emotional individual differences can moderate the impact of childhood trauma on low-grade inflammation in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha Bueno Bock
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ardais
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grellert
- Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrônica e Computação, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Cid Pinheiro Farias
- Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Manuella Pinto Kaster
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Diogo Rizzato Lara
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
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40
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Wijenayake S, Rahman MF, Lum CMW, De Vega WC, Sasaki A, McGowan PO. Maternal high-fat diet induces sex-specific changes to glucocorticoid and inflammatory signaling in response to corticosterone and lipopolysaccharide challenge in adult rat offspring. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:116. [PMID: 32293490 PMCID: PMC7158103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity as a result of high levels of saturated fat (HFD) consumption leads to significant negative health outcomes in both mother and exposed offspring. Offspring exposed to maternal HFD show sex-specific alterations in metabolic, behavioral, and endocrine function, as well as increased levels of basal neuroinflammation that persists into adulthood. There is evidence that psychosocial stress or exogenous administration of corticosterone (CORT) potentiate inflammatory gene expression; however, the response to acute CORT or immune challenge in adult offspring exposed to maternal HFD during perinatal life is unknown. We hypothesize that adult rat offspring exposed to maternal HFD would show enhanced pro-inflammatory gene expression in response to acute administration of CORT and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared to control animals, as a result of elevated basal pro-inflammatory gene expression. To test this, we examined the effects of acute CORT and/or LPS exposure on pro and anti-inflammatory neural gene expression in adult offspring (male and female) with perinatal exposure to a HFD or a control house-chow diet (CHD). METHODS Rat dams consumed HFD or CHD for four weeks prior to mating, during gestation, and throughout lactation. All male and female offspring were weaned on to CHD. In adulthood, offspring were 'challenged' with administration of exogenous CORT and/or LPS, and quantitative PCR was used to measure transcript abundance of glucocorticoid receptors and downstream inflammatory markers in the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. RESULTS In response to CORT alone, male HFD offspring showed increased levels of anti-inflammatory transcripts, whereas in response to LPS alone, female HFD offspring showed increased levels of pro-inflammatory transcripts. In addition, male HFD offspring showed greater pro-inflammatory gene expression and female HFD offspring exhibited increased anti-inflammatory gene expression in response to simultaneous CORT and LPS administration. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that exposure to maternal HFD leads to sex-specific changes that may alter inflammatory responses in the brain, possibly as an adaptive response to basal neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoji Wijenayake
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mouly F Rahman
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine M W Lum
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wilfred C De Vega
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aya Sasaki
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick O McGowan
- Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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41
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Sex-specific effects of developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on neuroimmune and dopaminergic endpoints in adolescent rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 79:106880. [PMID: 32259577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental contaminants early in life can have long lasting consequences for physiological function. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of ubiquitous contaminants that perturb endocrine signaling and have been associated with altered immune function in children. In this study, we examined the effects of developmental exposure to PCBs on neuroimmune responses to an inflammatory challenge during adolescence. Sprague Dawley rat dams were exposed to a PCB mixture (Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254, 1:1:1, 20 μg/kg/day) or oil control throughout pregnancy, and adolescent male and female offspring were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/kg, ip) or saline control prior to euthanasia. Gene expression profiling was conducted in the hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and midbrain. In the hypothalamus, PCBs increased expression of genes involved in neuroimmune function, including those within the nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) complex, independent of LPS challenge. PCB exposure also increased expression of receptors for dopamine, serotonin, and estrogen in this region. In contrast, in the prefrontal cortex, PCB exposure blunted or induced irregular neuroimmune gene expression responses to LPS challenge. Moreover, neither PCB nor LPS exposure altered expression of neurotransmitter receptors throughout the mesocorticolimbic circuit. Almost all effects were present in males but not females, in agreement with the idea that male neuroimmune cells are more sensitive to perturbation and emphasizing the importance of studying both male and female subjects. Given that altered neuroimmune signaling has been implicated in mental health and substance abuse disorders that often begin during adolescence, these results highlight neuroimmune processes as another mechanism by which early life PCBs can alter brain function later in life.
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42
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Kim GS, Uddin M. Sex-specific and shared expression profiles of vulnerability and resilience to trauma in brain and blood. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:13. [PMID: 32228684 PMCID: PMC7106761 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined by behavioral/cognitive symptoms most directly relevant to brain function, it can be considered a systemic disorder characterized by a distinct inability to reinstate homeostasis after trauma. METHODS In this study, we conducted a secondary analysis of gene expression profiles in key PTSD-relevant tissues, namely blood, amygdala, and hippocampus, from a rat model of PTSD, to identify sex-specific and shared processes associated with individual differences in response to recent trauma exposure. RESULTS Our findings suggest both shared and sex-specific mechanisms underlying individual differences associated with vulnerability and resilience to trauma in hippocampus, amygdala, and blood. By disentangling cell composition from transcriptional changes, we found higher proportions of hippocampal oligodendrocytes in the PTSD-like, extreme behavioral response (EBR) group for both sexes and also identified modules for transcriptional activity associated with group differences (i.e., response to trauma) in the hippocampus that appeared to be sex-specific. By contrast, we found prominent sex differences, but no group differences, in amygdalar cell composition, and both shared and sex-specific modules representing PTSD-relevant transcriptional activity in the amygdala. Across amygdala and hippocampus, both sex-specific and shared processes were relevant to an overarching framework for EBR implicating disrupted TNFα/NFκΒ signaling and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in dysregulated synaptic/structural plasticity with important implications for fear learning and memory. Our main finding in peripheral blood was consistent with the human literature and identified wound healing processes and hemostasis to be upregulated in the resilient, minimal behavioral response (MBR) group across sexes, but disrupted in a sexually dimorphic manner in the EBR group. CONCLUSION In contrast to the varied characterization of the PTSD-like EBR group, characterization of MBR across blood, amygdala, and hippocampus suggests a common theme of upregulated wound healing and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling shared between sexes. In all, we identified differential oligodendrocyte proportions in hippocampus between PTSD-like EBR and resilient MBR, and identified processes and pathways that characterize the EBR and MBR-associated transcriptional changes across hippocampus, amygdala, and blood. The sex-specific mechanisms involved in EBR may contribute to the pronounced disparity in risk for PTSD, with women much more likely to develop PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Kim
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Monica Uddin
- Genomics Program, Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Ste. 304, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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43
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Li LZ, Huang YY, Yang ZH, Zhang SJ, Han ZP, Luo YM. Potential microglia-based interventions for stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:288-296. [PMID: 32064759 PMCID: PMC7052807 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of families worldwide suffer from the physical and mental burden posed by stroke. An increasing number of studies aimed at the prevention and treatment of stroke have been conducted. Specifically, manipulating the immune response to stroke is under intense investigation. Microglia are the principal immune cells in the brain and are the first line of defense against the pathophysiology induced by stroke. Increasing evidence has suggested that microglia play diverse roles that depend on dynamic interactions with neurons, astrocytes, and other neighboring cells both in the normal brain and under pathological conditions, including stroke. Moreover, there are dynamic alterations in microglial functions with respect to aging and sex differences in the human brain, which offer a deep understanding of the conditions of stroke patients of different ages and sex. Hence, we review the dynamic microglial reactions caused by aging, sex, and crosstalk with neighboring cells both in normal conditions and after stroke and relevant potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Zhi Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-You Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Ping Han
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Min Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Schroeder A, Nakamura JP, Hudson M, Jones NC, Du X, Sundram S, Hill RA. Raloxifene recovers effects of prenatal immune activation on cognitive task-induced gamma power. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 110:104448. [PMID: 31546114 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no treatment available for the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, but evidence suggests that selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) may provide relief. Our recent animal model data showed that a lack of female sex hormones in mice impairs the ability of hippocampal neurons to synchronise and generate oscillations within the frequency range of 30-80 Hz (gamma power) leading to cognitive impairment, while both estradiol and the SERM, raloxifene, recovered this. Given that cognitive impairment is accompanied by abnormal gamma power in schizophrenia, this study aimed to determine the effects of raloxifene on gamma power during spatial memory tasks in the prenatal immune challenged (poly-I:C) mouse model with relevance to schizophrenia. Pregnant dams received the viral mimetic poly-I:C (20 mg/kg, i.p.) at gestational day 17. Male and female offspring were treated with placebo or raloxifene implants at adulthood. Local field potentials from the CA1 hippocampus were simultaneously recorded during the Y-maze test of short term spatial memory and the cheeseboard maze test of long-term spatial learning and memory and cognitive flexibility. In female but not male mice, poly I:C exposure reduced gamma power during decision making and prolonged the time spent in the centre (decision making phase) during the Y-maze task. Female poly-I:C exposed mice also showed increased gamma power during acquisition of the cheeseboard long term memory task and perseverative behaviour. Treatment with raloxifene recovered gamma power and decision making deficits in the Y-maze and restored gamma power changes during the cheeseboard maze task as well as perseverative behaviour. Male mice showed no electrophysiological or behavioural effects of poly-I:C or raloxifene treatment. In summary, poly-I:C exposure induced female specific cognitive impairments accompanied by altered neural oscillations in the gamma frequency and raloxifene recovered these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schroeder
- Psychoneuroendocrinology Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Jay P Nakamura
- Psychoneuroendocrinology Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Matthew Hudson
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Xin Du
- Psychoneuroendocrinology Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Suresh Sundram
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Rachel A Hill
- Psychoneuroendocrinology Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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45
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Bruce M, Streifel KM, Boosalis CA, Heuer L, González EA, Li S, Harvey DJ, Lein PJ, Van de Water J. Acute peripheral immune activation alters cytokine expression and glial activation in the early postnatal rat brain. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:200. [PMID: 31672161 PMCID: PMC6822372 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation can modulate brain development; however, the influence of an acute peripheral immune challenge on neuroinflammatory responses in the early postnatal brain is not well characterized. To address this gap in knowledge, we evaluated the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) immune responses to a mixed immune challenge in early postnatal rats of varying strains and sex. Methods On postnatal day 10 (P10), male and female Lewis and Brown Norway rats were injected intramuscularly with either a mix of bacterial and viral components in adjuvant, adjuvant-only, or saline. Immune responses were evaluated at 2 and 5 days post-challenge. Cytokine and chemokine levels were evaluated in serum and in multiple brain regions using a Luminex multiplex assay. Multi-factor ANOVAs were used to compare analyte levels across treatment groups within strain, sex, and day of sample collection. Numbers and activation status of astrocytes and microglia were also analyzed in the cortex and hippocampus by quantifying immunoreactivity for GFAP, IBA-1, and CD68 in fixed brain slices. Immunohistochemical data were analyzed using a mixed-model regression analysis. Results Acute peripheral immune challenge differentially altered cytokine and chemokine levels in the serum versus the brain. Within the brain, the cytokine and chemokine response varied between strains, sexes, and days post-challenge. Main findings included differences in T helper (Th) type cytokine responses in various brain regions, particularly the cortex, with respect to IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 levels. Additionally, peripheral immune challenge altered GFAP and IBA-1 immunoreactivity in the brain in a strain- and sex-dependent manner. Conclusions These findings indicate that genetic background and sex influence the CNS response to an acute peripheral immune challenge during early postnatal development. Additionally, these data reinforce that the developmental time point during which the challenge occurs has a distinct effect on the activation of CNS-resident cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1569-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bruce
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, UC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis MIND Institute, 6512 Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Karin M Streifel
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, CO, 80221, USA
| | - Casey A Boosalis
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Luke Heuer
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, UC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis MIND Institute, 6512 Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Eduardo A González
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shuyang Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Danielle J Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Pamela J Lein
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, UC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis MIND Institute, 6512 Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA.
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46
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Kyne RF, Barrett AR, Brown LM, Paul MJ. Prepubertal ovarian inhibition of Light/Dark Box exploration and novel object investigation in juvenile Siberian hamsters. Horm Behav 2019; 115:104559. [PMID: 31310759 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of research on the role of gonadal hormones in behavioral development has focused on perinatal, pubertal, or adult life stages. The juvenile period has been overlooked because it is thought to be a time of gonadal quiescence. In the present study, we tested whether prepubertal gonadectomy impacts the behavior of male and female juvenile hamsters on the Light/Dark Box, Novel Object, and Social Approach tests (Experiment 1) and compared these findings to those obtained after adult gonadectomy (Experiment 2). Prepubertal ovariectomy increased exploration (i.e. time spent in the light zone of the Light/Dark Box) and novel object investigation of juveniles indicating an inhibitory role for the juvenile ovary; social approach was unaffected. In contrast, adult ovariectomy and castration (both prepubertal and adult) had no effect on any behavioral measure. Experiment 3 tested whether rearing hamsters in a short day length (SD), which delays puberty in this species, extends the interval of juvenile ovarian inhibition on exploration and novelty seeking. We also tested whether provision of estradiol reverses the effects of prepubertal ovariectomy. Hormonal manipulations and behavioral tests of Experiment 3 were conducted at ages when long day-reared hamsters are adult (as in Experiment 2), but SD-reared hamsters remain reproductively immature. Ovariectomy again increased exploration in the SD-reared juveniles despite the older age of surgery and testing. Estradiol treatment had no effect. These findings reveal a novel role for the juvenile ovary in exploration and novelty seeking that is unlikely to be mediated exclusively by estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Kyne
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA; Neuroscience Program, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - A R Barrett
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - L M Brown
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - M J Paul
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA; Neuroscience Program, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA; Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior Program, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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47
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Tesic A, Rodgers S, Müller M, Wagner EYN, von Känel R, Castelao E, Strippoli MPF, Vandeleur CL, Seifritz E, Preisig M, Ajdacic-Gross V. Sex differences in neurodevelopmental and common mental disorders examined from three epidemiological perspectives. Psychiatry Res 2019; 278:213-217. [PMID: 31226547 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in neurodevelopmental and common mental disorders are a ubiquitous, well-known, though poorly understood phenomenon. This study examined the issue from three epidemiological perspectives: congruence in age of onset, distribution of sex-ratios with respect to age of onset and similarity of comorbidity and risk factor patterns. The analysis was based on data from the population-based PsyCoLaus study (N = 4874, age 35-82 y). Congruence in age of onset and distribution of sex-ratios were examined with the Mann-Whitney test and cluster analysis. The similarity of comorbidity and risk factor patterns, which were represented by 35 variables, was assessed with the Jaccard coefficient and, after factor analysis, with Tucker's congruence coefficient. While age of onset parameters differed little by sex, the sex ratio varied markedly both in early and in late onset disorders. Moreover, the Jaccard coefficients for most disorders indicated that the similarity of comorbidity and further association patterns was low. Similarly, Tucker's congruence coefficient remained below the range of fair similarity in all factor combinations. In sum, sex differences in common mental disorders were impressively reflected by diverging sex ratios and comorbidity / risk factor patterns. This outcome supports the notion that most mental disorders need a sex-specific etiopathogenetic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Tesic
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Rodgers
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - En-Young N Wagner
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre F Strippoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Caroline L Vandeleur
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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48
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Barrientos RM, Brunton PJ, Lenz KM, Pyter L, Spencer SJ. Neuroimmunology of the female brain across the lifespan: Plasticity to psychopathology. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:39-55. [PMID: 30872093 PMCID: PMC6591071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The female brain is highly dynamic and can fundamentally remodel throughout the normal ovarian cycle as well as in critical life stages including perinatal development, pregnancy and old-age. As such, females are particularly vulnerable to infections, psychological disorders, certain cancers, and cognitive impairments. We will present the latest evidence on the female brain; how it develops through the neonatal period; how it changes through the ovarian cycle in normal individuals; how it adapts to pregnancy and postpartum; how it responds to illness and disease, particularly cancer; and, finally, how it is shaped by old age. Throughout, we will highlight female vulnerability to and resilience against disease and dysfunction in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - P J Brunton
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Joint Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, PR China
| | - K M Lenz
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - L Pyter
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - S J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3083, Australia.
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49
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Butkevich IP, Mikhailenko VA, Vershinina EA, Barr GA. Differences Between the Prenatal Effects of Fluoxetine or Buspirone Alone or in Combination on Pain and Affective Behaviors in Prenatally Stressed Male and Female Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:125. [PMID: 31244623 PMCID: PMC6579839 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine and the 5-HT1A receptor agonist buspirone are used to treat depression and anxiety. Previously we demonstrated that chronic stress during pregnancy (prenatal stress) in rats, used as a model of maternal depression risk, increased inflammatory pain and depressive-like behavior in the offspring; buspirone injected to pregnant dams was protective. Clinically, the addition of buspirone to fluoxetine increases the latter’s efficacy in treating depression in patients. Here, we investigated the influence of repeated prenatal injections of fluoxetine, buspirone or their combination on pain- and depressive-like behaviors in prenatally stressed young male and female rats. Prenatal stress augmented depressive-like behavior and both thermal and inflammatory pain (formalin test), replicating our prior findings, and increased basal levels of corticosterone in the blood plasma. Both drugs and their combination reduced the effects of prenatal stress on thermal pain and depressive-like behavior independently of sex. The combination of fluoxetine and buspirone, compared with fluoxetine, was more antinociceptive in the hot plate test in both sexes, and when compared with buspirone, was more antinociceptive only in males. A detailed study of the time-course of formalin-induced pain showed a nuanced effect of these drugs that was sex-dependent. The combination of the two drugs was less effective in females than males during the initial acute phase of nociceptive behavior in flexing + shaking behaviors, whereas that combination was more effective than fluoxetine alone in the first acute phase of licking behavior in females. The antinociceptive effect of buspirone dominated that of the drug combination and of fluoxetine alone, especially during the interphase of the formalin test in both sexes for both flexing + shaking and licking, suggesting a more effective prenatal action of buspirone on the development of a descending serotonergic inhibitory system modulating pain in the spinal cord dorsal horn neurons. Our results indicate that inflammatory pain-like responses integrated at the spinal level in males were more vulnerable to prenatal stress than females. In licking, the antinociceptive effect of fluoxetine and drug combination in the interphase was more in males than females. The data underscore the importance of considering sexual dimorphism when using drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina P Butkevich
- Laboratory of Ontogenesis of the Nervous System, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Normal Physiology, State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktor A Mikhailenko
- Laboratory of Ontogenesis of the Nervous System, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena A Vershinina
- Department of Information Technologies and Mathematical Modeling, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gordon A Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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50
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Smolders SMT, Kessels S, Vangansewinkel T, Rigo JM, Legendre P, Brône B. Microglia: Brain cells on the move. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 178:101612. [PMID: 30954517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the biology of microglia - i.e. the fascinating immigrated resident immune cell population of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent literature reviews have largely dealt with the plentiful functions of microglia in CNS homeostasis, development and pathology, and the influences of sex and the microbiome. In this review, the intriguing aspect of their physical plasticity during CNS development will get specific attention. Microglia move around (mobility) and reshape their processes (motility). Microglial migration into and inside the CNS is most prominent throughout development and consequently most of the data described in this review concern mobility and motility in the changing environment of the developing brain. Here, we first define microglia based on their highly specialized age- and region-dependent gene expression signature and associated functional heterogeneity. Next, we describe their origin, the migration route of immature microglial cells towards the CNS, the mechanisms underlying their invasion of the CNS, and their spatiotemporal localization and surveying behaviour inside the developing CNS. These processes are dependent on microglial mobility and motility which are determined by the microenvironment of the CNS. Therefore, we further zoom in on the changing environment during CNS development. We elaborate on the extracellular matrix and the respective integrin receptors on microglia and we discuss the purinergic and molecular signalling in microglial mobility. In the last section, we discuss the physiological and pathological functions of microglia in which mobility and motility are involved to stress the importance of microglial 'movement'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Marie-Thérèse Smolders
- UHasselt, BIOMED, Diepenbeek, Belgium; INSERM, UMR-S 1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Legendre
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
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