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Liu YX, Song XM, Dan LW, Tang JM, Jiang Y, Deng C, Zhang DD, Li YZ, Wang W. Astragali Radix: comprehensive review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical application. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:165-218. [PMID: 38493280 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Astragali Radix (A. Radix) is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Bge) Hsiao or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., belonging to the family Leguminosae, which is mainly distributed in China. A. Radix has been consumed as a tonic in China for more than 2000 years because of its medicinal effects of invigorating the spleen and replenishing qi. Currently, more than 400 natural compounds have been isolated and identified from A. Radix, mainly including saponins, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, and others. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that A. Radix has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-atherosclerotic, cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, and anti-aging effects. It has been clinically used in the treatment of tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebrovascular complications associated with diabetes with few side effects and high safety. This paper reviewed the progress of research on its chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, developing applications, and toxicology, which provides a basis for the better development and utilization of A. Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Wei Dan
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Mei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chong Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Ze Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Application of "Taibai Qi Yao", Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhu F, Zhang X, Du BY, Zhu XX, Zhao GF, Sun Y, Yao QQ, Liang HB, Yao JC, Liu Z, Zhang GM, Qin GF. Using UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and HPLC-CAD to Identify Impurities in Cycloastragenol, Which Is a Pre-Clinical Candidate for COPD. Molecules 2023; 28:6382. [PMID: 37687212 PMCID: PMC10489802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent disease that has become the third leading cause of death worldwide. Cycloastragenol (CAG), which is the genuine sapogenin of the main active triterpene saponins in Astragali radix, is a bioavailable pre-clinical candidate for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and it was investigated in our previous study. In order to progress medical research, it was first efficiently produced on a 2.5-kg scale via Smith degradation from astragaloside IV (AS-IV). Simultaneously, since the impurity profiling of a drug is critical for performing CMC documentation in pre-clinical development, a study on impurities was carried out. As these structures do not contain chromophores and possess weak UV absorption characteristics, HPLC-CAD and UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS were employed to carry out the quality control of the impurities. Then, column chromatography (CC), preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC), and crystallization led to the identification of 15 impurities from CAG API. Among these impurities, compounds 1, 4, 9, 10, 14, and 15 were elucidated via spectroscopic analysis, and 2-3, 5-8, and 11-13 were putatively identified. Interestingly, the new compounds 9 and 14 were rare 10, 19-secocycloartane triterpenoids that displayed certain anti-inflammatory activities against LPS-induced lymphocyte cells and CSE-induced MLE-12 cells. Additionally, a plausible structural transformation pathway of the degradation compounds from CAG or AS IV was proposed. The information obtained will provide a material basis to carry out the quality control and clinical safety assurance of API and related prescriptions. Reasonable guidance will also be provided regarding the compounds with weak UV absorption characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China; (F.Z.); (X.Z.); (B.-Y.D.); (X.-X.Z.); (G.-F.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.-B.L.); (J.-C.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China; (F.Z.); (X.Z.); (B.-Y.D.); (X.-X.Z.); (G.-F.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.-B.L.); (J.-C.Y.); (Z.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Bing-Yuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China; (F.Z.); (X.Z.); (B.-Y.D.); (X.-X.Z.); (G.-F.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.-B.L.); (J.-C.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiang-Xia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China; (F.Z.); (X.Z.); (B.-Y.D.); (X.-X.Z.); (G.-F.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.-B.L.); (J.-C.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Gui-Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China; (F.Z.); (X.Z.); (B.-Y.D.); (X.-X.Z.); (G.-F.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.-B.L.); (J.-C.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China; (F.Z.); (X.Z.); (B.-Y.D.); (X.-X.Z.); (G.-F.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.-B.L.); (J.-C.Y.); (Z.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | | | - Hong-Bao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China; (F.Z.); (X.Z.); (B.-Y.D.); (X.-X.Z.); (G.-F.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.-B.L.); (J.-C.Y.); (Z.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jing-Chun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China; (F.Z.); (X.Z.); (B.-Y.D.); (X.-X.Z.); (G.-F.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.-B.L.); (J.-C.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China; (F.Z.); (X.Z.); (B.-Y.D.); (X.-X.Z.); (G.-F.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.-B.L.); (J.-C.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Gui-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China; (F.Z.); (X.Z.); (B.-Y.D.); (X.-X.Z.); (G.-F.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.-B.L.); (J.-C.Y.); (Z.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Guo-Fei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China; (F.Z.); (X.Z.); (B.-Y.D.); (X.-X.Z.); (G.-F.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.-B.L.); (J.-C.Y.); (Z.L.)
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Bai Y, Wei W, Yao C, Wu S, Wang W, Guo DA. Advances in the chemical constituents, pharmacological properties and clinical applications of TCM formula Yupingfeng San. Fitoterapia 2023; 164:105385. [PMID: 36473539 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Yupingfeng San (YPFS) is a famous and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia in China. It is composed of three Chinese herbs, including Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Saposhnikoviae Radix. In this review, the relevant references on YPFS were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other databases. Literatures published from 2000 to 2022 were screened and summarized. The constituents in YPFS could be classified into nine groups according to their structures, including flavonoids, saponins, essential oils, coumarins, lactones, amino acids, organic acids, saccharides, chromones and others. The importance of chemical constituents in YPFS were demonstrated for specific pathological processes including immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and pulmonary diseases. This article systematically reviewed the up-to-date information on its chemical compositions, pharmacology and safety, that could be used as essential data and reference for clinical applications of YPFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shifei Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - De-An Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Chemical Identification and Antioxidant Screening of Bufei Yishen Formula using an Offline DPPH Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Q-Extractive Orbitrap MS/MS. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:1423801. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1423801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has high morbidity and mortality and presents a threat to human health worldwide. Numerous clinical trials have confirmed that Bufei Yishen formula (BYF), an herbal medicine, can alleviate the symptoms of COPD by reducing oxidative stress-mediated inflammation. However, the active components of BYF remain unclear. We developed an efficient ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Extractive Orbitrap mass spectrometry method to identify the composition of BYF and determine its antioxidant profile through an offline screening strategy based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH)-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 189 compounds were identified in BYF extract, including 83 flavonoids, 24 lignans, 20 alkaloids, 15 saponins, 11 terpenoid, 10 saccharides, eight lipids, seven organic acids, two coumarins, two amino acids, and seven other compounds. Among them, 79 compounds were found to have a potential antioxidant activity. In vitro validation indicated that the free radical scavenging activities of rosmarinic acid and calycosin were similar to that of the positive control (DPPH IC50 = 25.72 ± 1.02 and 147.23 ± 25.12 μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, calycosin had a high content in serum after the oral administration of BYF, indicating that calycosin might be the major antioxidant compound in BYF.
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Abd Elrahim Abd Elkader HT, Essawy AE, Al-Shami AS. Astragalus species: Phytochemistry, biological actions and molecular mechanisms underlying their potential neuroprotective effects on neurological diseases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113293. [PMID: 35780924 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses are prevalent and life-threatening disorders characterized by a wide range of clinical syndromes and comorbidities, all of which have complex origins and share common molecular pathomechanisms. Although the pathophysiology of neurological illnesses is not completely understood, researchers have discovered that several ion channels and signalling pathways may have played a role in disease pathogenesis. Active substances from Astragalus sp. are being employed for nutrition, and their usefulness in the treatment of neurological illnesses is receiving more attention. Because their extracts and active components exert different pharmacological effects on a variety of ailments, they have a long history of usage as a cure for various diseases. This review summarizes the research work on Astragalus and their biologically active constituents as potential candidates for the protection against and treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders to show the potential efficacy of Astragalus sp. and its active ingredients in treating some neurological diseases. Simultaneously, the chemical structures of these active compounds, their sources, biological properties, and mechanisms are also listed. In ethnopharmacological applications, Astragalus membranaceus and spinosus have been studied as traditional medicines worldwide. The chemical constituents of Astragalus species mainly comprise terpenoids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. The extracts and phytochemical compounds of Astragalus species exhibit various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumor, anticonvulsive, immunomodulatory, and other activities. Based on the current literature, we conclude that Astragalus is a promising dietary herb with multiple potential signal modulating applications that mainly include the modulation of neurotransmitters and receptors, anti-inflammatory activities, inhibition of amyloid aggregation, induction of myelin sheath repair and neurogenesis, as well as activation of the signalling pathways relevant to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina E Essawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Al-Shami
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Liu Z, Zhang M, Chen P, Harnly JM, Sun J. Mass Spectrometry-Based Nontargeted and Targeted Analytical Approaches in Fingerprinting and Metabolomics of Food and Agricultural Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11138-11153. [PMID: 35998657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques have been extensively applied in food and agricultural research. This review aims to address the advances and applications of MS-based analytical strategies in nontargeted and targeted analysis and summarizes the recent publications of MS-based techniques, including flow injection MS fingerprinting, chromatography-tandem MS metabolomics, direct analysis using ambient mass spectrometry, as well as development in MS data deconvolution software packages and databases for metabolomic studies. Various nontargeted and targeted approaches are employed in marker compounds identification, material adulteration detection, and the analysis of specific classes of secondary metabolites. In the newly emerged applications, the recent advances in computer tools for the fast deconvolution of MS data in targeted secondary metabolite analysis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mengliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - James M Harnly
- United States Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- United States Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Wang M, Li H, Gao Y, Li Y, Sun Y, Liu S, Liu Z. A multidimensional strategy to rapidly identify the chemical constituents in Shengxian Decoction by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3115-3127. [PMID: 35808989 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula, the chemical constituents of Shengxian Decoction still remain unclear due to its complexity. In this study, a multidimensional strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and informatics UNIFI™ platform was applied to achieve rapid and comprehensive identification of the complex composition of Shengxian Decoction. Data-independent acquisition, fast data-directed analysis, and high-definition MSE were used to obtain more and cleaner mass spectrum information. As a result, a total of 120 compounds including 74 saponins, 17 flavonoids,7 cinnamic acid derivatives, 8 triterpenoids and 14 others were identified or tentatively characterized by high-resolution molecular mass, fragment ions, and collision cross-section values. Furthermore, high-definition MSE was used to identify six pairs of co-eluting isomers that could not be detected from conventional data-independent acquisition and data-independent acquisition. This research strategy has a certain potential for the analysis of other Compound formulae and lays the foundation for the study of traditional Chinese medicine efficacy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hanlin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanyi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuzhen Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Abstract
To better control the quality of saponins, ensure their biological activity and clinical therapeutic effect, and expand the development and application of saponins, this paper systematically and comprehensively reviews the separation and analytical methods of saponins in the past decade. Since 2010, the electronic databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, CNKI (National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI), Wanfang Med online, and other databases have been searched systematically. As a result, it is found that ionic liquids and high-performance countercurrent chromatography are the most popular extraction and separation techniques for saponins, and the combined chromatography technique is the most widely used method for the analysis of saponins. Liquid chromatography can be used in combination with different detectors to achieve qualitative or quantitative analysis and quality control of saponin compounds in medicinal materials and their preparations. This paper provides the latest valuable insights and references for the analytical methods and continued development and application of saponins.
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Li Y, Huang S, Sun J, Duan W, Li C, Peng G, Zheng Y. RRLC-QTOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Reveal the Mechanism of Chemical Variations and Transformations of Astragali Radix as a Result of the Roasting Process. Front Chem 2022; 10:903168. [PMID: 35601547 PMCID: PMC9117700 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.903168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR), which is extensively used as a healthy food supplement and medicinal herb, contains two forms of products corresponding to raw Astragalus Radix (RAR) and processed Astragali Radix (PAR), which was obtained by roasting. In this study, a non-targeted rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q/TOF-MS) based metabolomics approach was developed to investigate the chemical changes of AR due to roasting. A total of 63 compounds were identified or tentatively identified. Among them, 23 isoflavonoids (composed of 12 isoflavones, eight pterocarpans, and three isoflavans) and six cycloastragenols were characterized as differential metabolites. Heatmap visualization and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC–PDA-ELSD) quantitative analysis revealed that malonyl isoflavonoids or cycloastragenols were at higher levels in RAR. These might be converted to corresponding acetyl isoflavonoids and cycloastragenols and related isoflavonoid glycosides during roasting. To prove this prediction, chemical conversion experiments on malonyl isoflavonoids and cycloastragenols were performed to confirm and clarify the chemical transformation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenhui Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiping Duan
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cunyu Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunfeng Zheng,
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Feng D, Li XR, Wang ZY, Gu NN, Zhang SX, Li CF, Chen Y, Ma ZQ, Lin RC, Zhang HG, Zhao C. Integrated UPLC-MS and Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Active Components and the Potential Mechanism of Yiqi Huoxue Decoction for Treating Nephrotic Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:775745. [PMID: 35295738 PMCID: PMC8919777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Yiqi Huoxue Decoction (YQHXD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that promotes blood circulation, removes blood stasis, facilitates diuresis, and alleviates edema. It is composed of 10 herbal medicines and has extensive application in treating nephrotic syndrome (NS). However, the active components and the potential mechanism of YQHXD for treating NS remain unclear. Methods: We set up a sensitive and rapid method based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatograph-Mass (UPLC-MS) to identify the compounds in YQHXD and constituents absorbed into the blood. Disease genes were collected through GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM database. Genes of compounds absorbed into blood were predicted by the TCMSP database. We constructed Disease-Drug-Ingredient-Gene (DDIG) network using Cytoscape, established a Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using String, Gene biological process (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed using DAVID. Cellular experiments were performed to validate the results of network pharmacology. Result: A total of 233 compounds in YQHXD and 50 constituents absorbed into the blood of rats were identified. The 36 core targets in the PPI network were clustered in the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (PI3K-AKT) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Luteolin, Wogonin, Formononetin, and Calycosin were top-ranking components as potentially active compounds. Conclusion: The results of our studies show that YQHXD is able to enhance renal function, alleviate podocyte injury, and improve adriamycin nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Ri Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Yi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nian-Nian Gu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao-Feng Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rui-Chao Lin, ; Hong-Gui Zhang, ; Chongjun Zhao,
| | - Hong-Gui Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rui-Chao Lin, ; Hong-Gui Zhang, ; Chongjun Zhao,
| | - Chongjun Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rui-Chao Lin, ; Hong-Gui Zhang, ; Chongjun Zhao,
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11
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Wang L, Chen K, Wang Z, Yi Y, Zhang M, Hasan A, Kuang Y, Shaker S, Yu R, Wang H, Liu H, Ye M, Qiao X. AmAT19, an acetyltransferase from Astragalus membranaceus, catalyses specific 6α-OH acetylation for tetracyclic triterpenes and steroids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7186-7189. [PMID: 34378606 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclic triterpenes and steroids are pharmacologically important molecules, and acetylation could improve their bioactivities. In this study, a highly regio- and stereo-specific acetyltransferase, AmAT19, was discovered from Astragalus membranaceus. AmAT19 could selectively catalyze the 6α-OH acetylation of four tetracyclic triterpenes and steroids. The strict selectivity is associated with different orientations of the 6α/β-OH as indicated by molecular docking. Acetylated products 1a, 3a and 4a remarkably increased the inhibitory activity against the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2, compared to 1, 3, and 4. AmAT19 could be a promising catalyst for specific 6α-OH acetylation to expand the molecular diversity of triterpenes and steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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12
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Xue Z, Xu L, Shang Z, Shi X, Ye M, Qiao X. Discovery of minor quality evaluation marker compounds for Chinese patent medicine products using a two-leveled metabolomics strategy. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462354. [PMID: 34214834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are popularly used in clinical practice. Though the composition is complex, the quality of CPM is usually evaluated by the contents of a few main compounds. In this study, a two-leveled metabolomics strategy was proposed to discover minor marker compounds for different CPM products. Zhenqi Fuzheng (ZQFZ) granule was studied an example, where 15 batches from 3 producers were analyzed. The samples were separated using UHPLC on an Acquity UPLC® HSS T3 column, and then detected using Q-Orbitrap-MS. In the first level, 1475 common peaks were extracted and 95 compounds were identified using diagnostic ions and a homemade database. In the second level, the data were subjected to a two-way hierarchical clustering analysis and screened by variable importance value. In total 14 marker compounds were discovered which were responsible for the grouping of different ZQFZ products. Echinacoside (22), oleoside (13), loganic acid (5), salidroside (7), ligustrosidic acid (42), 6α-hydroxygeniposide (28), and oleoside 11-methyl ester (15) could be used to reflect the quality difference for ZQFZ granule products. The proposed strategy could also contribute to the discovery of quality control markers for other CPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhanpeng Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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13
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Li M, Yue X, Gao Y, Zhang B, Yuan C, Wu T. Method for rapidly discovering active components in Yupingfeng granules by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4627. [PMID: 32786160 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Yupingfeng granules (YPFG) were isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation composed of three herbs (Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Saposhnikoviae Radix). This formulation is used in TCM to tonify qi, and it can help strengthen exterior and reduce sweating. Nevertheless, the active components of YPFG remain unclear. In this study, the chemical constituents of YPFG were systematically characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/ quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Fifty-eight compounds, namely, 20 flavonoids, 19 saponins, nine organic acids, four volatile coumarins, three lactones, one alkaloid, and two other components, were identified. In addition, the constituents of YPFG with the potential for in vivo bioactivities following oral administration were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirteen compounds, namely, 11 flavonoid-related and 2 saponin-related components, were detected in rat plasma. After enriching flavonoids and saponins in YPFG by extraction, the extracts and YPFG were administrated to immunosuppressed rats, respectively. Plasma samples were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS, and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that the extracts had similar effects to YPFG. This method could discover active ingredients in YPFG quickly and provide a scientific basis for quality control and mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Sinopharm Group Guangdong Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunping Yuan
- Sinopharm Group Guangdong Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
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14
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Identification and Quantification of “Quality Markers” in Tongkang Tablet on Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections (RRTIs) by UFLC-IT-TOF–MS/MS and HPLC–DAD. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Zhang B, Li MY, Luo XM, Wang XB, Wu T. Analysis of the chemical components of Qixianqingming granules and their metabolites in rats by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4484. [PMID: 31786817 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Qixianqingming granules (QXQM) comprise a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that was developed based on the combination of TCM theory and clinical practice. This formula has been proven to effectively treat asthma. In this study, an analytical procedure using ultraperformance liquid chromatography, coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was established for the rapid separation and sensitive identification of the chemical components in QXQM and its metabolites in serum of rats. Seventy-two compounds were systematically identified in QXQM, including flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, phenylethanoid glycosides, stilbenes, alkaloids, and organic acids. Thirteen prototype compounds and 29 metabolites were detected in the serum of rats. The results provided fundamental information for further studying the mechanisms and clinical application of QXQM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Ming Luo
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Biao Wang
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
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16
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Lin P, Wang Q, Liu Y, Qin Z, Gao H, Ye M, Shang H, Yao X, Yao Z. Characterization of chemical profile and quantification of representative components of DanLou tablet, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, by UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with UHPLC-TQ-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 180:113070. [PMID: 31911285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
DanLou tablet (DLT), a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCMP) consisting of 10 herbal medicines, is extensively used for the treatment of angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome in China. However, active chemical constituents responsible for the therapeutic effects still remain unclear, due to the fact that the complex composition in DLT have not been holistically clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the chemical profile and simultaneously quantify the representative components in DLT. First, 157 chemical constituents including flavonoids, triterpenoids, tanshinones, lactones, phenolic acids, paeoniflorins and the other types of components were detected, among which 39 were exactly identified by comparing their retention times and MS fragmentation behaviors with those of authentic standards by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS). Moreover, 33 representative components were simultaneously quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS), which were selected based on following three principles: qualitative and quantitative markers in the Chinese Pharmacopeia (2015 edition), bioactive components possessing cardiovascular-related in vivo or in vitro activities and those derived from 10 consisted herbs in DLT with a diversity of representative structure types. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability and recovery and successfully applied for the quality evaluation of 20 batches of DLT samples. Further chemometric analysis indicated that danshensu and salvianolic acid B were the most significant quantitative markers for the content fluctuation of DLT. In summary, the chemical profiles of DLT were systematically characterized and a practical quantitative method combined with chemometrics was developed to evaluate the intrinsic quality of multiple DLT samples in this study. The present work would be helpful for guaranteeing the safety, efficacy, and controllability in clinical medication of DLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuehe Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zifei Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Hao Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of P.R. China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of P.R. China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of P.R. China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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17
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Li Y, Liu J, Su R, Li Q, Chen Y, Yang J, Zhao S, Jia Z, Xiao H. Pseudotargeted screening and determination of constituents in Qishen granule based on compound biosynthetic correlation using UHPLC coupled with high-resolution MS. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:1032-1042. [PMID: 31849176 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Detection and determination of many known/unknown compounds in traditional Chinese medicines have always been challenging. To comprehensively identify compounds in Qishen granule, which is a widely prescribed herbal formula for treating chronic heart failure, a pseudotargeted screening method was proposed based on compound biosynthetic correlation using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Firstly, all possible compounds of Qishen granule were classified into nine types according to their core skeletons, and potential analogue molecular formulas were predicted according to core compound-related biosynthetic correlations, such as methylation, hydroxylation, and glucosidation. Secondly, nine pseudocompound databases consisting of core compounds, deduced biosynthetic correlations, and predicted analogue molecular formulas were established. Then, compounds of interest were directly located by pseudotargeted screening of high resolution mass spectrometry data and further verified by target tandem mass spectrometry. As a result, 213 constituents were identified and 21 of them were determined as potential new compounds. This demonstrated that pseudotargeted screening based on compound biosynthetic correlations significantly facilitated the processing of extremely large information data and improved the efficiency of compound identification. This research provided essential data for exploration of effective substances in Qishen granule and enriched the methodology for comprehensive characterization of constituents in complex traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Research Center for Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rubin Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Research Center for Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Research Center for Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Research Center for Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Jia
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, P. R. China
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18
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Zhang CH, Yang X, Wei JR, Chen NMH, Xu JP, Bi YQ, Yang M, Gong X, Li ZY, Ren K, Han QH, Zhang L, Li X, Ji MY, Wang CC, Li MH. Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Applications of Radix Astragali. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 27:229-240. [PMID: 31502185 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (RA), a traditional Chinese medicine from the dried root of Astragalus species, is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of the world. The major bioactive constituents of RA are triterpene glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids, and these compounds mostly exert pharmacological activities on the cardiovascular, immune, respiratory, and hepatic systems. This review summarizes the recent studies on RA and provides a comprehensive summary regarding the status of resources, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, clinical application, and patent release of RA. We hope this review can provide a guidance for further development of therapeutic agents from RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014040, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Jing-Ran Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Na-Mu-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014040, China
| | - Jian-Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014040, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Bi
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014040, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014040, China
| | - Zi-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014040, China
| | - Kai Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014040, China
| | - Qi-Heng Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014040, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Ming-Yue Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014040, China
| | - Cong-Cong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014040, China
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014040, China.
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China.
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19
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Shan H, Zheng X, Li M. The effects of Astragalus Membranaceus Active Extracts on Autophagy-related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1904. [PMID: 30999666 PMCID: PMC6514605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved 'self-eating' process that maintains cellular, tissue, and organismal homeostasis. New studies on autophagy, mediated by subsets of autophagy proteins, are emerging in many physiological and pathological processes. Astragalus membranaceus (AM), also named Huangqi, is one of the fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine and its extracts have been proved to possess many biological activities related to autophagy, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anticancer, anti-photoaging, and improvement of cardiomyocyte function. Evidence suggests that AM extracts can have therapeutic potential in autophagy dysregulation-associated diseases because of their biological positive effects. Here we will review the literature concerning the effects of AM extracts on autophagy dysregulation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Xueping Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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20
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Cheng T, Ye J, Li H, Dong H, Xie N, Mi N, Zhang Z, Zou J, Jin H, Zhang W. Hybrid multidimensional data acquisition and data processing strategy for comprehensive characterization of known, unknown and isomeric compounds from the compound Dan Zhi Tablet by UPLC-TWIMS-QTOFMS. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8714-8727. [PMID: 35517662 PMCID: PMC9062044 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10100k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The compound Dan Zhi Tablet (DZT), a reputable traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is widely used for the treatment of ischemic stroke in clinic. However, its systematic chemical constituents have rarely been elucidated, which hampers its quality evaluation, the study of bioactive constituents and the mechanism of action interpretation. In this study, we developed a combination of multidimensional data acquisition and data processing strategy with the aim to globally and comprehensively identify the chemical constituents in DZT based on UPLC-TWIMS-QTOFMS. First, multidimensional acquisition modes (MSE, Fast DDA and HDMSE) were performed on UPLC-TWIMS-QTOFMS. Second, targeted characterizations of the known compounds and their analogues present in DZT were carried out on the basis of the corresponding commercial standards or Mass2Motifs. Third, untargeted identification of unknown compounds in DZT was performed by extracting shared Mass2Motifs from the raw fragmentation spectra. Finally, the coeluting isomers were characterized using a precursor and/or product ion mobility. Consequently, 202 compounds were detected from DZT: 29 of them were unambiguously identified by comparison with reference compounds, 29 unknown compounds were discovered in specific medicinal materials, and ten pairs of coeluting isomers, which could not be distinguished using conventional MSE or Fast-DDA, were resolved using HDMSE only. This strategy was successfully used for the rapid and global identification of complex compounds including known, unknown and coeluting isomeric compounds in DZT and provided helpful chemical information for further quality control, pharmacology and active mechanism research on DZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86-21-34205989 +86-21-34205989
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Huiliang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Hongyuan Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Nan Mi
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jingtao Zou
- Tonghua Huaxia Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Tonghua 134100 China
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86-21-34205989 +86-21-34205989
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86-21-34205989 +86-21-34205989
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
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21
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Li Y, Guo S, Zhu Y, Yan H, Qian DW, Wang HQ, Yu JQ, Duan JA. Flowers of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus as a Novel High Potential By-Product: Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030434. [PMID: 30691074 PMCID: PMC6384981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The root of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus is one of the most popular herbal medicines worldwide. In order to increase the yield of underground roots of A.membranaceus var. mongholicus, its flowers (AMF) have often been removed in their flowering stage, which produces the flowers as waste being discarded. To explore its phytochemicals and potential value for utilization, the antioxidant activities of extracts from AMF were evaluated by a free radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. The total phenols and flavonoids, as well as the individual compounds, in different extracts of AMF were also investigated. The results showed that the extract ME obtained from AMF through macroporous resins separation exhibited strong antioxidant activities, which were close to those of positive control BHT. ME was rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, and the contents reached 108.42 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 265.70 mg rutin equivalents/g, respectively. A total of 31 compounds, including four phenolic acids, nineteen flavonoids, three isoflavones, two pterocarpans, and three saponins, were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS in ME. Quantitative analysis of sixteen components in the extracts of AMF showed that flavonoids were the predominant constituents, especially for the compounds of hyperoside, rutin, and isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Han-Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Chen T, Huang X, Zhang H, Chen X, Zhang Q, Tang Y, Chen W, Chai Y. Assessment of the Intestinal Permeability of Major Phytocomponents Contained in Gandi Capsules Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization–Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li HF, Xu F, Yang P, Liu GX, Shang MY, Wang X, Yin J, Cai SQ. Systematic screening and characterization of prototype constituents and metabolites of total astragalosides using HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS n after oral administration to rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:102-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Wang YM, Zhao JQ, Yang JL, Tao YD, Mei LJ, Shi YP. Isolation and Identification of Saponins from the Natural Pasturage Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus Employing Preparative Two-Dimensional Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography/Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4950-4957. [PMID: 27231806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus, a kind of characteristic shrub abundant in grassland and desert areas, has been used as forage fodder for camels and goats in Central Asia, and this plant also plays a critical role in the maintenance of desert grassland ecosystems as a result of its tolerance to poor soils and sand burial. However, its chemical composition has been rarely reported. In this study, phytochemical investigation of this pasturage was performed and three new triterpenoid saponins (1-3) were isolated together with nine known triterpenoid saponins (4-12) using preparative two-dimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography/hydrophilic interaction chromatography (2D RPLC/HILIC). Their structures were elucidated via diverse spectroscopic analyses, including infrared (IR) spectrometry, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS), and one-dimensional (1D) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). All isolated triterpenoid saponins (1-12) were reported from this genus for the first time, and they were further evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, MGC-803, and MFC), which indicated that compound 11 showed potent cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line, with an IC50 value of 6.85 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, Qinghai 810008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Duo Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, Qinghai 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, Qinghai 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
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Hu Y, Kong W, Luo H, Zhao L, Yang M. Dynamic variation of bioactive compounds and aflatoxins in contaminated Radix Astragali during extraction process. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1571-1579. [PMID: 25974204 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although increasing attention has been paid to the health threat caused by mycotoxins in commodities such as food or medicines, mycotoxin transfer processes from crude material to products have raised little concern so far. Radix Astragali is a commonly used edible and medicinal herbal plant that is susceptible to contamination with aflatoxins from Aspergillus flavus. There have been no studies on mycotoxin transfer into pharmaceutical preparations or derivative products. RESULTS To facilitate the aflatoxin reduction and bioactivity retention, the dynamic variations of aflatoxins as well as herbal compounds, namely calycosin-7-glucoside, astragaloside and formononetin, in Radix Astragali contaminated by A. flavus during water decoction and ethanol refluxing treatments were evaluated simultaneously by an ultra-fast liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry method. After the extraction processes, although the amount of alfatoxins was reduced remarkably, aflatoxin residuals in preparation still exceed recommended limits, manifesting the great need to establish a limit for aflatoxins in herbal extractions or derivative products. Meanwhile, due to the hydrolysis of glucoside, water decoction period should be no longer than 4 h. CONCLUSIONS This investigation would benefit from the determination of the dynamic variation of aflatoxins in infected herbs in preparation treatments, in order to further develop aflatoxin limits in herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lianhua Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
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Auyeung KK, Han QB, Ko JK. Astragalus membranaceus: A Review of its Protection Against Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Cancers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1-22. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is a major medicinal herb commonly used in many herbal formulations in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a wide variety of diseases and body disorders. Among its diversified clinical applications, the potential use of this herb and its chemical constituents in treatments of inflammatory diseases and cancers has been actively investigated in recent years. Astragalus-based treatments have demonstrated significant amelioration of the toxicity induced by other concurrently administered orthodox drugs (e.g., immunosuppressants and cancer chemotherapeutics). The major components of Astragalus membranaceus are polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Contemporary use of Astragalus membranaceus mainly focuses on its immunomodulating, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory, as well as anticancer effects. In this paper, we summarize the properties of Astragalus membranaceus and its major constituents in the biological system based on experimental and clinical studies. The antitumorigenic mechanisms of a novel Astragalus saponins extract called AST in treating various gastrointestinal cancers are highlighted. We discuss in detail how the Astragalus herb and AST influence the immune system, modulate various cancer signaling pathways, and interact with specific transcription molecules during protection against gastrointestinal inflammation and cancers. This information could help clinicians and scientists develop novel target-specific and effective therapeutic agents that are deprived of major systemic side effects, so as to establish a better treatment regimen in the battle against inflammatory diseases and cancers of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K. Auyeung
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Joshua K. Ko
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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Li CY, Song HT, Liu SJ, Wang Q, Dai GL, Ding XS, Ju WZ. Systematic screening and characterization of astragalosides in an oral solution of Radix Astragali by liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Peakview software. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1099-109. [PMID: 27027590 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with automated data analysis by Peakview software was employed to systematically screen and characterize the astragalosides in Radix Astragali, a Chinese medical preparation. The separation was performed on a poroshell 120 SB-C18 column equipped in a conventional liquid chromatography system. After being separated using a general gradient elution, the analytes were detected by the triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer in both positive- and negative-ion modes. The mass defect filtering function built in the Peakview software was utilized to rapidly screen the potential ions of interest, while some functions of Peakview such as Formula Finder, XIC manager, and IDA Explorer were employed to facilitate the assignment or characterization of the screened astragalosides. A total of 42 astragalosides were screened and tentatively characterized or assigned, and 20 of them were firstly detected in Radix Astragali. According to the screened astragalosides, acetylation, glycosidation, hydrogenation, oxidation, and hydration were considered to be the major secondary metabolic pathways involved in the formation of the astragalosides. The combination of liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and automated Peakview analysis is a feasible and efficient tool to screen and identify the constituents in complex matrices of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Ting Song
- School of pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Jia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Liang Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Wang HP, Chen C, Liu Y, Yang HJ, Wu HW, Xiao HB. Identification of the chemical constituents of Chinese medicine Yi-Xin-Shu capsule by molecular feature orientated precursor ion selection and tandem mass spectrometry structure elucidation. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3687-95. [PMID: 26311399 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The incomplete identification of the chemical components of traditional Chinese medicinal formula has been one of the bottlenecks in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Tandem mass spectrometry has been widely used for the identification of chemical substances. Current automatic tandem mass spectrometry acquisition, where precursor ions were selected according to their signal intensity, encounters a drawback in chemical substances identification when samples contain many overlapping signals. Compounds in minor or trace amounts could not be identified because most tandem mass spectrometry information was lost. Herein, a molecular feature orientated precursor ion selection and tandem mass spectrometry structure elucidation method for complex Chinese medicine chemical constituent analysis was developed. The precursor ions were selected according to their two-dimensional characteristics of retention times and mass-to-charge ratio ranges from herbal compounds, so that all precursor ions from herbal compounds were included and more minor chemical constituents in Chinese medicine were identified. Compared to the conventional automatic tandem mass spectrometry setups, the approach is novel and can overcome the drawback for chemical substances identification. As an example, 276 compounds from the Chinese Medicine of Yi-Xin-Shu capsule were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wang J, Liu M, Tong X, Peng W, Cao H, Su W. Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis and Characterization of Constituents in Shenqi Fuzheng Injection by HPLC-DAD-ELSD and UFLC-DAD-Q-TOF Tandem Mass Spectrometry Techniques. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jin Y, Guo X, Yuan B, Yu W, Suo H, Li Z, Xu H. Disposition of Astragaloside IV via Enterohepatic Circulation Is Affected by the Activity of the Intestinal Microbiome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6084-6093. [PMID: 26066785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (ASIV) is a typical bioactive constituent of Radix Astragali. The study aimed to investigate the enterohepatic circulation of ASIV and evaluate the impact of activity of intestinal microbiota on the deposition of ASIV. The amounts of ASIV and its metabolites were quantified by an LC-MS/MS method. ASIV was metabolized by intestinal bacteria to form brachyoside B (Bra B), cyclogaleginoside B (Cyc B), cycloastragenol (CA), iso-cycloastragenol (iso-CA), and dehydrogenated metabolite of CA (CA-2H). CA and iso-CA circulated in blood besides ASIV when rats received ASIV intragastrically or intravenously. After rats were intragastrically administered 10 mg/kg ASIV, the AUC0-t values of ASIV, CA, and iso-CA were 109 ± 55, 26.8 ± 17.9, and 77.9 ± 35.1 nM·h, respectively. The plasma distribution of ASIV was significantly affected by bile duct drainage when ASIV was administered through the duodenum. ASIV, Bra B, and Cyc B were secreted from bile after duodenal administration of ASIV. Antibiotics markedly inhibited the metabolism of ASIV in intestinal microbiota. After rats were pretreated with antibiotics, the AUC0-t of iso-CA was 4.8 times less than that in control rats and the concentration of CA became undetectable. Variations in intestinal microbiota may change the disposition of ASIV and subsequently influence its potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenhong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hao Suo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Transformation of astragalosides from radix astragali under acidic, neutral, and alkaline extraction conditions monitored by LC-ESI-TOF/MS. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:314-20. [PMID: 24863360 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the profile of astragalosides for better quality evaluation of Radix Astragali, this study was aimed to investigate the transformation of astragalosides under different conditions. METHOD Seven major astragalosides were selected for evaluation under acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions. The transformation in real plant samples was also examined and the products were characterized by LC-ESI-TOF/MS. RESULTS In weak acidic solution, all of the astragalosides are stable. In addition, the transformation ratios of the astragalosides under neutral and alkaline conditions were also obtained. CONCLUSION In neutral solution, malonylastragaloside I was transformed to astragaloside I; and in alkaline solution, substituent group(s) in the xylose moiety of all the astragalosides were eliminated. Since astragalosdie IV is the basic skeleton structure of the astrgalosides, it is a common transformation product of other astragalosides.
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Sun S, Xie ZS, Liu EH, Yan YT, Xu XJ, Li P. Chemical profiling of Jinqi Jiangtang tablets by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:229-40. [PMID: 24702812 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To profile the chemical constituents in Jinqi Jiangtang tablets. METHOD Based on the chromatographic retention behavior, fragmentation patterns of chemical components, and published literatures, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS) method was established to characterize and identify components in Jinqi Jiangtang tablets. RESULTS A total of 52 chemical compounds, including eight iridoid glycosides, seven phenolic acids, twelve alkaloids, six flavonoids, and nineteen saponins, were identified in Jinqi Jiangtang tablets. CONCLUSION The established method could serve as a powerful tool for structural characterization and quality control of this Chinese herbal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Shen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Integrated analysis for identifying radix astragali and its adulterants based on DNA barcoding. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:843923. [PMID: 25246939 PMCID: PMC4160622 DOI: 10.1155/2014/843923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radix Astragali is a popular herb used in traditional Chinese medicine for its proimmune and antidiabetic properties. However, methods are needed to help distinguish Radix Astragali from its varied adulterants. DNA barcoding is a widely applicable molecular method used to identify medicinal plants. Yet, its use has been hampered by genetic distance, base variation, and limitations of the bio-NJ tree. Herein, we report the validation of an integrated analysis method for plant species identification using DNA barcoding that focuses on genetic distance, identification efficiency, inter- and intraspecific variation, and barcoding gap. We collected 478 sequences from six candidate DNA barcodes (ITS2, ITS, psbA-trnH, rbcL, matK, and COI) from 29 species of Radix Astragali and adulterants. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence was demonstrated as the optimal barcode for identifying Radix Astragali and its adulterants. This new analysis method is helpful in identifying Radix Astragali and expedites the utilization and data mining of DNA barcoding.
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Xu X, Li F, Zhang X, Li P, Zhang X, Wu Z, Li D. In vitro synergistic antioxidant activity and identification of antioxidant components from Astragalus membranaceus and Paeonia lactiflora. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96780. [PMID: 24816851 PMCID: PMC4016014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many traditionally used herbs demonstrate significantly better pharmacological effects when used in combination than when used alone. However, the mechanism underlying this synergism is still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic antioxidant activity of Astragalus membranaceus (AME) and Paeonia Lactiflora (PL), and identify the potential antioxidant components by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical spiking test followed by a high performance liquid chromatography separation combined with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry analysis (DPPH-HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). Eight AME-PL combined extracts (E1-E8) were prepared based on bioactivity-guided fractionation. Among them, E1 exhibited the strongest synergistic effect in scavenging DPPH radicals and reducing ferric ions (P<0.05). Moreover, E1 presented strong cytoprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in MRC-5 cells by suppressing the decrease of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities. A strong correlation between the increment of total phenolic/flavonoid and synergistic antioxidant activity, especially between the increment of total flavonoid and the increase in ferric reducing power was observed. Finally, seven antioxidant substances were identified in E1 as oxypaeoniflora, catechin, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, fomononetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 9,10-dimethoxy-pterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin and 2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethyl-isoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhaoxi Wu
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Taian, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Yan Z, Lin G, Ye Y, Wang Y, Yan R. Triterpenoid saponins profiling by adducts-targeted neutral loss triggered enhanced resolution and product ion scanning using triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 819:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang Y, Nie M, Shi S, You Q, Guo J, Liu L. Integration of magnetic solid phase fishing and off-line two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–mass spectrometry for screening and identification of human serum albumin binders from Radix Astragali. Food Chem 2014; 146:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Agyemang K, Han L, Liu E, Zhang Y, Wang T, Gao X. Recent Advances in Astragalus membranaceus Anti-Diabetic Research: Pharmacological Effects of Its Phytochemical Constituents. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:654643. [PMID: 24348714 PMCID: PMC3855992 DOI: 10.1155/2013/654643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The disease burden of diabetes mellitus is increasing throughout the world. The need for more potent drugs to complement the present anti-diabetic drugs has become an imperative. Astragalus membranaceus, a key component of most Chinese herbal anti-diabetic formulas, has been an important prospect for lead anti-diabetic compounds. It has been progressively studied for its anti-diabetic properties. Ethnopharmacological studies have established its potential to alleviate diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have sought to relate its chemical constituents to types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Its total polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids fractions and several isolated compounds have been the most studied. The total polysaccharides fraction demonstrated activity to both types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. This paper discusses the anti-diabetic effects and pharmacological action of the chemical constituents in relation to types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojo Agyemang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Erwei Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
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Monschein M, Ardjomand-Woelkart K, Rieder J, Wolf I, Heydel B, Kunert O, Heuberger H, Bauer R. Accelerated sample preparation and formation of astragaloside IV in Astragali Radix. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 52:403-409. [PMID: 24171819 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.839712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Context: Astragali Radix (Huangqi; Astragalus mongholicus BUNGE, Fabaceae) is used in herbal medicinal products as well as in many food supplements. In traditional Chinese medicine, the roots are used for its Qi tonifying, immunostimulant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic effects. Objective: Astragaloside IV (AGS-IV), a cycloartane-type triterpene glycoside is used as a marker compound for the quality control of Astragali Radix in various pharmacopoeias. Materials and methods: In this study, we analyzed the content of AGS-IV and other astragalosides in various commercial samples of Huangqi by reversed-phase HPLC using evaporative light scattering detection. Results: The analyses revealed that AGS-IV is formed during sample preparation from acylated astragalosides like astragaloside I and astragaloside II, when using the assay method of the European Pharmacopoeia. Discussion and conclusion: For consistent assay results, the extraction methods of the pharmacopoeias should be re-evaluated and optimized. Alternatively, the hydrolysis by ammonia could be omitted and the genuine compounds like astragaloside I, II and malonyl-AGS-I could be considered for the quality control of Astragali Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Monschein
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4 , Graz , Austria
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Yang LP, Shen JG, Xu WC, Li J, Jiang JQ. Secondary Metabolites of the GenusAstragalus:Structure and Biological-Activity Update. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1004-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yang DZ, Yin XX, Ong CN, Tang DQ. Multidimensional information-based HPLC technologies to evaluate traditional chinese medicine. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 51:716-25. [PMID: 23704055 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are usually complex mixtures and contain hundreds of chemically different constituents, which make the quality control (QC) of crude drugs and their medical preparations extremely difficult. In the past years, with the rapid development of modern instrumental analysis and computer-aided data processing techniques, great progress has been made in the research of quality standards and the development of QC techniques. Among them, the use of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique is one of the best approaches because of its high separation efficiency. However, one-way separation, single detection methods or data processing cannot meet the needs of the QC of TCMs. Multidimensional information-based HPLC technologies such as two-dimensional HPLC, HPLC coupled with several different detection methods and HPLC fingerprint combined with multicomponent quantification have solved this problem with their comprehensive analysis; these methods have gradually been accepted by more researchers for further in-depth study. The present work provides an overview of the development of QC for TCMs based on HPLC technologies with modern hyphenated techniques, multiseparation methods and some common data processing methods in fingerprint spectra over the last six years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-zhi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221004, China
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Li Z, Song X, Fu Z, Wu B, Ling Y, Sun Z, Chen M, Xu D, Huang C. Identification of the Major Constituents in Zhimu–Huangqi Herb-Pair Extract and Their Metabolites in Rats by LC–ESI-MSn. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Du HW, Zhao XL, Zhang AH, Yao L, Zhang YY. Rapid Separation, Identification and Analysis of Astragalus membranaceus Fisch Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:226-31. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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43
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Liu MH, Tong X, Wang JX, Zou W, Cao H, Su WW. Rapid separation and identification of multiple constituents in traditional Chinese medicine formula Shenqi Fuzheng Injection by ultra-fast liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 74:141-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gülcemal D, Masullo M, Napolitano A, Karayıldırım T, Bedir E, Alankuş-Çalışkan O, Piacente S. Oleanane glycosides from Astragalus tauricolus: isolation and structural elucidation based on a preliminary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry profiling. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 86:184-194. [PMID: 23107778 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As a part of our ongoing research for bioactive compounds from Turkish Astragalus species, the investigation of Astragalus tauricolus has been carried out. An approach based on HPLC-ESIMS(n) experiments has been used to profile the triterpene glycosides occurring in the butanol extract of the whole plant. On the basis of the results of the online screening by HPLC-ESIMS(n), 22 oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, including ten compounds never reported before, were isolated, and their structures were established by the extensive use of 1D and 2D-NMR experiments along with ESIMS and HRMS analysis. Noteworthy, cycloartane-type triterpene glycosides, the main constituents of Astragalus spp., were not found. This peculiar feature characterizes a very limited group of Astragalus spp. The antiproliferative activity of the isolated compounds 1-12, 15, 17-19 was evaluated against a small panel of cancer cell lines. Only compound 11 showed an IC(50) of 22 μM against human leukemia cell line (U937). The other tested compounds, in a range of concentrations between 1 and 50 μM, did not cause any significant reduction of the cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Gülcemal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Lu J, Xie Y, Tan Y, Qu J, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M, Yuan D. Simultaneous Determination of Isoflavones, Saponins and Flavones in Flos Puerariae by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2013; 61:941-51. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c13-00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yao Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jialin Qu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hisashi Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Dan Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids, including squalene derivatives, protostanes, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, serratanes and saponins; 305 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Determination of astragalin and astragaloside content in Radix Astragali using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1232:212-7. [PMID: 22209546 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Astragalin and astragalosides were measured in Radix Astragali using reversed-phase chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection. Because the target compounds showed poor stability in aqueous solutions, they were extracted in 100% methanol under reflux. All compounds were detected with high sensitivity under highly alkaline conditions using sodium hydroxide as a post-column eluent. The limits of detection and quantification of target compounds were 0.02-0.36 μg/mL and 0.06-1.09 μg/mL, respectively, and the linear regression coefficients were 0.9982-1.0000. The intra- and inter-day precisions were <0.92% in retention time and <4.78% in calculated contents. Average recoveries were >91.33%. Astragalin and astragaloside contents between Radix Astragali at different ages and in different parts were successfully determined without sample purification or concentration.
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Proteomic Analysis for Malonylastragaloside I in U937 Leukemia Cells by Modified Label-free Quantitative Strategy with LC Chip Q-TOF MS/MS. Chin J Nat Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(11)60068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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XIAO WEILIE, MOTLEY TIMOTHYJ, UNACHUKWU UCHENNAJ, LAU CLARABIKSAN, JIANG BEI, HONG FENG, LEUNG PINGCHUNG, WANG QINGFENG, LIVINGSTON PHILIPO, CASSILETH BARRIER, KENNELLY EDWARDJ. Chemical and genetic assessment of variability in commercial Radix Astragali (Astragalus spp.) by ion trap LC-MS and nuclear ribosomal DNA barcoding sequence analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1548-56. [PMID: 21322556 PMCID: PMC3058609 DOI: 10.1021/jf1028174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (Huangqi) has been demonstrated to have a wide range of immunopotentiating effects and has been used as an adjuvant medicine during cancer therapy. Identity issues in the collection of Radix Astragali exist because many sympatric species of Astragalus occur in the northern regions of China. In order to assess the quality, purity, and uniformity of commercial Radix Astragali, 44 samples were purchased from herbal stores in Hong Kong and New York City. The main constituents, including four isoflavonoids and three saponins, were quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). There was significant sample-to-sample variability in the amounts of the saponins and isoflavonoids measured. Furthermore, DNA barcoding utilizing the variable nuclear ITS spacer regions of the 44 purchased Radix Astragali samples were sequenced, aligned and compared. Eight polymorphic point mutations were identified which separated the Radix Astragali samples into three groups. These results indicate that the chemical and genetic variability that exists among Radix Astragali medicinal products is still a consistency and quality issue for this herbal. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed significant effects on the contents of the seven tested compounds when both phylogenetic and geographic (i.e., point of purchase) factors were considered. Therefore, chemical profiles determined by LC-MS and DNA profiles in ITS spacer domains could serve as barcode markers for quality control of Radix Astragali.
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Affiliation(s)
- WEI-LIE XIAO
- Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Lehman College and the Graduate Center, the City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - TIMOTHY J. MOTLEY
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - UCHENNA J. UNACHUKWU
- Lehman College and the Graduate Center, the City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - CLARA BIK SAN LAU
- Institute of Chinese Medicines, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - BEI JIANG
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Snowman Road, Xiaguan, Dali 671000, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - FENG HONG
- Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - PING-CHUNG LEUNG
- Institute of Chinese Medicines, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - QING-FENG WANG
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Wuhan Botanical Institute, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - PHILIP O. LIVINGSTON
- Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - BARRIE R CASSILETH
- Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - EDWARD J. KENNELLY
- Lehman College and the Graduate Center, the City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
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Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and heme oxygenase-1 inhibitory activities of ravan napas, a formulation of uighur traditional medicine, in a rat model of allergic asthma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20953388 PMCID: PMC2952321 DOI: 10.1155/2011/725926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ravan Napas (RN) is a traditional formula used to treat pulmonary symptoms and diseases such as coughing, breathing difficulty, and asthma in traditional Uighur medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, and immuno-modulatory activity of RN in a well-characterized animal model of allergic asthma. Rats were sensitized with intraperitoneal (ip) ovalbumin (OVA) and alum, and then challenged with OVA aerosols. The asthma model rats were treated with RN; saline- and dexamethasone- (DXM-) treated rats served as normal and model controls. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cellular differential and the concentrations of sICAM-1, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, INF-γ, and IgE in serum were measured. Lung sections underwent histological analysis. The immunohistochemistry S-P method was used to measure the expression of ICAM-1 and HO-1 in the lung. RN significantly reduced the number of inflammatory cells in BALF and lung tissues, decreased sICAM-1, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, and IgE in serum, and increased serum INF-γ. There was a marked suppression of ICAM-1 and HO-1 expression in the lung. Our results suggest that RN may have an anti-inflammatory and immuneregulatory effect on allergic bronchial asthma by modulating the balance between Th1/Th2 cytokines.
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