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Torabi E, Talebi K, Pourbabaee AA, Homayoonzadeh M, Ghamari MJ, Ebrahimi S, Faridy N. Optimizing the QuEChERS method for efficient monitoring of fipronil, thiobencarb, and cartap residues in paddy soils with varying properties. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:125. [PMID: 38195960 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to optimize the QuEChERS methodology for extracting three pesticides (fipronil, thiobencarb, and cartap) from two paddy soils with distinct characteristics. Various modifications were explored to enhance extraction efficiency, employing acetonitrile (MeCN) or ethyl acetate (EtOAc) for extraction and primary-secondary amine (PSA) and graphitized carbon black (GCB) for the clean-up. Assessment criteria included accuracy, precision, linearity, detection limits, uncertainty, and matrix effects. Results revealed that the clayey soil with lower organic carbon (OC) content (1.26%) and 100% moisture yielded the highest pesticide recoveries (113.72%, 115.73%, and 116.41% for FIP, THIO, and CART, respectively). In contrast, the silty clayey soil with higher OC content (2.91%) and 20% water content exhibited poor recoveries (< 60%). FIP and CART demonstrated better recoveries with MeCN, while THIO performed better with EtOAc under specific moisture conditions. Clean-up sorbents significantly reduced FIP and CART recoveries, with THIO recoveries less affected. Acidifying with HCl substantially improved CART recovery. EtOAc introduced a moderate to strong matrix effect for FIP and THIO, while MeCN in soils with 100% moisture resulted in a strong matrix effect for CART. The study highlighted the substantial impact of extraction conditions, pesticide properties, and soil conditions on the outcomes of the QuEChERS method. A comprehensive understanding of these interplays was deemed crucial for accurately quantifying pesticide residues in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehssan Torabi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Khalil Talebi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Pourbabaee
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Homayoonzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohamad Javad Ghamari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyedali Ebrahimi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nastaran Faridy
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Rede D, Teixeira I, Delerue-Matos C, Fernandes VC. Assessing emerging and priority micropollutants in sewage sludge: environmental insights and analytical approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3152-3168. [PMID: 38085484 PMCID: PMC10791843 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The application of sewage sludge (SS) in agriculture, as an alternative to manufactured fertilizers, is current practice worldwide. However, as wastewater is collected from households, industries, and hospitals, the resulting sludge could contaminate land with creeping levels of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and microplastics, among others. Thus, the sustainable management of SS requires the development of selective methods for the identification and quantification of pollutants, preventing ecological and/or health risks. This study presents a thorough evaluation of emerging and priority micropollutants in SS, through the lens of environmental insights, by developing and implementing an integrated analytical approach. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method, coupled with gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, was optimized for the determination of 42 organic compounds. These include organophosphorus pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, pyrethroid pesticides, organophosphate ester flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The optimization of the dispersive-solid phase for clean-up, combined with the optimization of chromatographic parameters, ensured improved sensitivity. Method validation included assessments for recovery, reproducibility, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). Recoveries ranged from 59.5 to 117%, while LODs ranged from 0.00700 to 0.271 µg g-1. Application of the method to seven SS samples from Portuguese wastewater treatment plants revealed the presence of sixteen compounds, including persistent organic pollutants. The quantification of α-endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, was consistently observed in all samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.110 to 0.571 µg g-1. Furthermore, the study encompasses the analysis of agronomic parameters, as well as the mineral and metal content in SS samples. The study demonstrates that the levels of heavy metals comply with legal limits. By conducting a comprehensive investigation into the presence of micropollutants in SS, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the environmental and sustainable implications associated with SS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rede
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivan Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal.
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Dong Y, Das S, Parsons JR, Praetorius A, de Rijke E, Helmus R, Slootweg JC, Jansen B. Simultaneous detection of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in three types of bio-based fertilizers by an improved QuEChERS method coupled with UHPLC-q-ToF-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131992. [PMID: 37437483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) have the potential to contain both pesticides and pharmaceutical residues, which may pose a threat to soils, crops, and human health. However, no analytical screening method is available currently to simultaneously analyze a wide range of contaminants in the complex origin-dependent matrices of BBFs. To fill this gap, our study tested and improved an original QuEChERS method (OQM) for simultaneously analyzing 78 pesticides and 18 pharmaceuticals in BBFs of animal, plant, and ashed sewage sludge origin. In spiked recovery experiments, 34-58 pharmaceuticals and pesticides were well recovered (recovery of 70-120%) via OQM at spiking concentrations levels of 10 ng/g and 50 ng/g in these three different types of BBFs. To improve the extraction efficiency further, ultrasonication and end-over-end rotation were added based on OQM, resulting in the improved QuEChERS method (IQM) that could recover 57-79 pesticides and pharmaceuticals, in the range of 70-120%. The detection limits of this method were of 0.16-4.32/0.48-12.97 ng/g, 0.03-11.02/0.10-33.06 ng/g, and 0.06-5.18/0.18-15.54 ng/g for animal, plant, and ash-based BBF, respectively. Finally, the IQM was employed to screen 15 BBF samples of various origins. 15 BBFs contained at least one pesticide or pharmaceutical with ibuprofen being frequently detected in at concentration levels of 4.1-181 ng/g. No compounds were detected in ash-based BBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Supta Das
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John R Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonia Praetorius
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva de Rijke
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Helmus
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Boris Jansen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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González-Curbelo MÁ, Varela-Martínez DA, Riaño-Herrera DA. Pesticide-Residue Analysis in Soils by the QuEChERS Method: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134323. [PMID: 35807567 PMCID: PMC9268078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are among the most important contaminants worldwide due to their wide use, persistence, and toxicity. Their presence in soils is not only important from an environmental point of view, but also for food safety issues, since such residues can migrate from soils to food. However, soils are extremely complex matrices, which present a challenge to any analytical chemist, since the extraction of a wide range of compounds with diverse physicochemical properties, such as pesticides, at trace levels is not an easy task. In this context, the QuEChERS method (standing for quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) has become one of the most green and sustainable alternatives in this field due to its inherent advantages, such as fast sample preparation, the minimal use of hazardous reagents and solvents, simplicity, and low cost. This review is aimed at providing a critical revision of the most relevant modifications of the QuEChERS method (including the extraction and clean-up steps of the method) for pesticide-residue analysis in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel González-Curbelo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad EAN, Calle 79 nº 11-45, Bogotá 110221, Colombia;
- Correspondence: (M.Á.G.-C.); (D.A.R.-H.)
| | | | - Diego Alejandro Riaño-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental y Energías, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad EAN, Calle 79 nº 11-45, Bogotá 110221, Colombia
- Correspondence: (M.Á.G.-C.); (D.A.R.-H.)
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Ji-Cai F, Hua-Li HE, Shao-Ying L, Ren R, Shu-Ting W. Investigation of Pesticide Residues in Fragaria and Myrica rubra Sold in Hangzhou. J Food Prot 2022; 85:534-538. [PMID: 34882199 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigated the concentration of the pesticide residues found in Fragaria and Myrica rubra sold in the city of Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. From an analysis of 151 (77 Fragaria and 74 M. rubra) samples using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 41 pesticide residues were found to be present. Of the 41 residues, 14 were found using GC-MS/MS and 27 were found using LC-MS/MS. Of the 151 samples, 10 (13.0%) of the 77 Fragaria samples and 5 (6.8%) of the 74 M. rubra samples were found to contain a specific pesticide residue, and only 4 Fragaria samples and 2 M. rubra samples were found to be without pesticide residue. In addition, 18 of the 41 pesticides were not detected in either Fragaria or M. rubra samples. Of the 41 residues, 10 were detected in Fragaria samples and 20 were detected in M. rubra samples. In Fragaria, procymidone was the most commonly detected residue, with a detection rate of 88.3%, followed by prochloraz, with a detection rate of 53.2%. In M. rubra, prochloraz was the most commonly detected residue, with a detection rate of 71.6%, followed by carbendazim, with a detection rate of 68.9%. The pesticide residues in some samples exceeded the maximum residue limit set in China. The limit of dimethomorph was exceeded in three of the Fragaria samples, and that of dichlorvos was exceeded in two of the M. rubra samples. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ji-Cai
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - H E Hua-Li
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Shao-Ying
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Ren
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Shu-Ting
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Nagyová S, Tölgyessy P, Laurenčík M, Kirchner M. Miniaturized QuEChERS based sample preparation method combined with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crustacean gammarids. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Torabi E, Talebi Jahromi K, Homayoonzadeh M, Torshiz AO, Tavakoli E. Residue kinetics of neonicotinoids and abamectin in pistachio nuts under field conditions: model selection, effects of multiple sprayings, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2598-2612. [PMID: 34370195 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pistachio is an economically valuable crop, and Iran is among the biggest producers, exporters, and consumers of this product in the world. During the growing season, pistachios are subjected to multiple sprayings with various pesticides, which result in the accumulation of their residues in nuts. These residues have raised concerns regarding consumers' health. In this research, uptake and dissipation kinetics of insecticides imidacloprid (IMI), thiacloprid (THI), thiamethoxam (THX), and abamectin (ABA) were investigated in pistachio nuts. Field experiments were conducted in a pistachio orchard. Pistachio trees were sprayed with the recommended dose of each insecticide formulation and water as the control. Samplings were performed for up to 49 days. Based on the results, pesticides uptake and dissipation kinetics were best fitted to first-order exponential growth (FOEG) and single first-order kinetic (SFOK) models, respectively. Variations in pesticides uptake/dissipation rates were mostly related to their water solubility, pKa, and log Kow. THX showed a higher uptake rate (0.16 ± 0.04) compared to IMI (0.10 ± 0.01) and THI (0.06 ± 0.01). The fastest dissipation rates were observed for IMI (0.04 ± 0.002 day-1) and THX (0.03 ± 0.001 day-1), while the slowest belonged to THI (0.02 ± 0.003 day-1). ABA residues were below the quantification limit (LOQ) throughout the experiment. Based on FOEG and SFOK model predictions, multiple sprayings with THI and THX resulted in final concentrations exceeding the maximum residue limit (MRL). Hazard quotients for all pesticides were <1, indicating no risk to humans via consumption of the pistachio nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehssan Torabi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Khalil Talebi Jahromi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Homayoonzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Olyaie Torshiz
- Department of Plant Protection, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Tavakoli
- Department of Plant Protection, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran
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Selonen S, Dolar A, Jemec Kokalj A, Sackey LNA, Skalar T, Cruz Fernandes V, Rede D, Delerue-Matos C, Hurley R, Nizzetto L, van Gestel CAM. Exploring the impacts of microplastics and associated chemicals in the terrestrial environment - Exposure of soil invertebrates to tire particles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111495. [PMID: 34133973 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Abrasion of tire wear is one of the largest sources of microplastics to the environment. Although most tire particles settle into soils, studies on their ecotoxicological impacts on the terrestrial environment are scarce. Here, the effects of tire particles (<180 μm) on three ecologically relevant soil invertebrate species, the enchytraeid worm Enchytraeus crypticus, the springtail Folsomia candida and the woodlouse Porcellio scaber, were studied. These species were exposed to tire particles spiked in soil or in food at concentrations of 0.02%, 0.06%, 0.17%, 0.5% and 1.5% (w/w). Tire particles contained a variety of potentially harmful substances. Zinc (21 900 mg kg-1) was the dominant trace element, whilst the highest concentrations of the measured organic compounds were detected for benzothiazole (89.2 mg kg-1), pyrene (4.85 mg kg-1), chlorpyrifos (0.351 mg kg-1), HCB (0.134 mg kg-1), methoxychlor (0.116 mg kg-1) and BDE 28 (0.100 mg kg-1). At the highest test concentration in soil (1.5%), the tire particles decreased F. candida reproduction by 38% and survival by 24%, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of P. scaber by 65%, whilst the slight decrease in the reproduction of E. crypticus was not dose-dependent. In food, the highest test concentration of tire particles reduced F. candida survival by 38%. These results suggest that micro-sized tire particles can affect soil invertebrates at concentrations found at roadsides, whilst short-term impacts at concentrations found further from the roadsides are unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Selonen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecological Science, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andraž Dolar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lyndon N A Sackey
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecological Science, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Technická 5, 166 28, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Skalar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Chair of Materials and Polymer Science, Večna Pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Rede
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rachel Hurley
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadelléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadelléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masarik University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecological Science, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Extension of an extraction method for the determination of 305 organic compounds in clay-loam soil to soils of different characteristics. MethodsX 2021; 8:101476. [PMID: 34434875 PMCID: PMC8374704 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
These results allowed to broaden the range of soils that can be analyzed with the proposed methodology. In the worst case (loamy sand soil), the original methodology allowed the analysis of 180 compounds with adequate recoveries. For analytes outside the acceptable range in this soil and the other soil type analyzed, correction factors are proposed.
Soil is one of the environmental compartments most affected by pollution. From this medium, the organic compounds can be emitted to the groundwater, the atmosphere, or the biota. Thus, having adequate methods of analysis of organic pollutants in this matrix is essential. However, the soil is a very complex matrix whose organic and inorganic components can determine the degree to which they are retained. Therefore, the methods must account for the various soil characteristics. In this study, the performance of an extraction method that had been already validated in clay loam soils for more than 300 organic compounds of very different nature including pesticides, PhACs, ARs, and POPs has been evaluated in four additional representative soil types of the agricultural land of the Canary archipelago: sandy loam, sandy clay, clay and loamy sand. For this purpose, recovery experiments have been performed at a single concentration (50 ng g−1) in each soil type. When there is a significant difference according to the criteria applied for a given compound, a factor has been calculated to correct the difference in performance in each soil type.These results allowed to broaden the range of soils that can be analyzed with the proposed methodology. In the worst case, which is the loamy sand soil, the original methodology allows the analysis of 180 organic contaminants with adequate recoveries. For analytes outside the acceptable range in this soil and the other soil type analyzed, correction factors are proposed.
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Occurrence of Selected Known or Suspected Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Portuguese Surface Waters Using SPME-GC-IT/MS. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8060081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiresidue analytical methodology based on a solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–IT/MS), has been developed for trace analysis of 20 known or suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides. The SPME conditions are optimized considering several key parameters to obtain the maximum sensitivity. After the optimization, the method validation is performed, and the limits of detection (ranged from 2–150 ng/L) and the coefficient of determination (above 0.990) of studied compounds are determined for all the analytes. A robust sampling of twenty sampling points of surface water samples from the north and center of Portugal is performed, and the validated methodology is applied. In total, 20 compounds from four chemical families (13 organochlorine, 1 organophosphorus, 2 dicarboximide, and 4 pyrethroids) are studied, and the pesticides most frequently detected are eight organochlorine pesticides (α-, β-HCHs, lindane, HCB, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, α-endosulfan), cypermethrin, and vinclozolin.
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Validation of a Method Scope Extension for the Analysis of POPs in Soil and Verification in Organic and Conventional Farms of the Canary Islands. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9050101. [PMID: 34063303 PMCID: PMC8147449 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are among the most relevant and dangerous contaminants in soil, from where they can be transferred to crops. Additionally, livestock animals may inadvertently consume relatively high amounts of soil attached to the roots of the vegetables while grazing, leading to indirect exposure to humans. Therefore, periodic monitoring of soils is crucial; thus, simple, robust, and powerful methods are needed. In this study, we have tested and validated an easy QuEChERS-based method for the extraction of 49 POPs (8 PBDEs, 12 OCPs, 11 PAHs, and 18 PCBs) in soils and their analysis by GC-MS/MS. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, and accuracy, and a matrix effect study was performed. The limits of detection (LOD) were established between 0.048 and 3.125 ng g−1 and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were between 0.5 and 20 ng g−1, except for naphthalene (50 ng g−1). Then, to verify the applicability of the validated method, we applied it to a series of 81 soil samples from farms dedicated to mixed vegetable cultivation and vineyards in the Canary Islands, both from two modes of production (organic vs. conventional) where residues of OCPs, PCBs, and PAHs were found.
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Moldovan R, Iacob BC, Farcău C, Bodoki E, Oprean R. Strategies for SERS Detection of Organochlorine Pesticides. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:304. [PMID: 33503937 PMCID: PMC7911634 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) embody highly lipophilic hazardous chemicals that are being phased out globally. Due to their persistent nature, they are still contaminating the environment, being classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). They bioaccumulate through bioconcentration and biomagnification, leading to elevated concentrations at higher trophic levels. Studies show that human long-term exposure to OCPs is correlated with a large panel of common chronic diseases. Due to toxicity concerns, most OCPs are listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Conventionally, separation techniques such as gas chromatography are used to analyze OCPs (e.g., gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS)) or electron capture detection (GC/ECD). These are accurate, but expensive and time-consuming methods, which can only be performed in centralized lab environments after extensive pretreatment of the collected samples. Thus, researchers are continuously fueling the need to pursue new faster and less expensive alternatives for their detection and quantification that can be used in the field, possibly in miniaturized lab-on-a-chip systems. In this context, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) represents an exceptional analytical tool for the trace detection of pollutants, offering molecular fingerprint-type data and high sensitivity. For maximum signal amplification, two conditions are imposed: an efficient substrate and a high affinity toward the analyte. Unfortunately, due to the highly hydrophobic nature of these pollutants (OCPs,) they usually have a low affinity toward SERS substrates, increasing the challenge in their SERS detection. In order to overcome this limitation and take advantage of on-site Raman analysis of pollutants, researchers are devising ingenious strategies that are synthetically discussed in this review paper. Aiming to maximize the weak Raman signal of organochlorine pesticides, current practices of increasing the substrate's performance, along with efforts in improving the selectivity by SERS substrate functionalization meant to adsorb the OCPs in close proximity (via covalent, electrostatic or hydrophobic bonds), are both discussed. Moreover, the prospects of multiplex analysis are also approached. Finally, other perspectives for capturing such hydrophobic molecules (MIPs-molecularly imprinted polymers, immunoassays) and SERS coupled techniques (microfluidics-SERS, electrochemistry-SERS) to overcome some of the restraints are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Moldovan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (B.-C.I.); (R.O.)
| | - Bogdan-Cezar Iacob
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (B.-C.I.); (R.O.)
| | - Cosmin Farcău
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67–103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ede Bodoki
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (B.-C.I.); (R.O.)
| | - Radu Oprean
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (B.-C.I.); (R.O.)
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Masís-Mora M, Beita-Sandí W, Rodríguez-Yáñez J, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE. Validation of a methodology by LC-MS/MS for the determination of triazine, triazole and organophosphate pesticide residues in biopurification systems. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1156:122296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Determination of Organochlorines in Soil of a Suburban Area of São Paulo Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165666. [PMID: 32764488 PMCID: PMC7459836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances have promoted improvements in several science fields, especially related to environmental and analytical areas with the improvement of detection and development of environmentally friendly extraction techniques. This study applied Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe method (QuEChERS) for soil extraction and assessed its performance through a validation study using samples from the soil of a contaminated area in Caieiras, SP, Brazil. Nine organochlorine pesticides, including the isomers alpha, beta, gamma and delta- hexachlorocyclohexane; cis- and trans-heptachlor epoxide; cis- and trans-chlordane and heptachlor were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detector. The method was validated according to ISO 5725-4 (2020), EURACHEM (2014) and DOQ-CGCRE-008 (2016). The limits of detection and quantification of the method for the nine organochlorines were α-HCH (1.2 and 12.6 µg kg-1), β-HCH (1.7 and 12.0 µg kg-1), γ-HCH (1.5 and 11.6 µg kg-1), δ-HCH (0.8 and 11.6 µg kg-1), heptachlor (1.0 and 10.8 µg kg-1), cis-heptachlor epoxide (0.9 and 11.5 µg kg-1), trans-heptachlor epoxide (0.9 and 11.5 µg kg-1), cis-chlordane (0.4 and 7.9 µg kg-1) and trans-chlordane (0.5 and 10.9 µg kg-1), respectively, and all of them were within the maximum limits recommended by the EPA for the compounds α-HCH (86.0 and 360.0 µg kg-1), β-HCH (300.0 and 1.3 × 103 µg kg-1), γ-HCH (570.0 and 2.5 × 103 µg kg-1), δ-HCH (not defined), heptachlor (130.0 and 630.0 µg kg-1), cis-/trans-heptachlor epoxide (7.0 and 330.0 µg kg-1), cis-/trans-chlordane (1.77 × 103 and 7.7 × 103 µg kg-1) in residential and industrial soil, respectively. Recovery results were between 65% and 105% for almost all compounds, which is an optimum result for multi-residue analytical methods, considering the complexity of the matrix used in the study. Caieiras presented contamination levels of α-HCH in the range of 2.0 to 66.0 µg g-1, which was higher than the limits established by EPA, corresponding to 0.077 µg g-1 for residential soil and 0.27 µg g-1 for industrial soil. According to the validation study, the analytical method proposed was reliable for organochlorine quantification, and the QuEChERS was considered efficient for organochlorine extraction from soil.
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Residue Analysis of Insecticides in Potatoes by QuEChERS-dSPE/UHPLC-PDA. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081000. [PMID: 32722562 PMCID: PMC7466252 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticides are broadly applied in agriculture to defend crops from illnesses and pest attacks, consequently guaranteeing high production. However, their residual deposits in food products are becoming a main concern with regard to human consumption. As such, sensitive analytical methods should be developed to assess, prevent and control insecticide residues. In this research, an accurate, fast and reliable residual analytical method, that is quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe, combined with dispersive solid phase extraction (QuEChERS-dSPE), was developed for the determination of the most common insecticides used in potatoes cultivation (chlorpyrifos, λ-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and acrinathrin), using an ultra-high performance chromatography photodiode array detector (UHPLC-PDA). The most influential extraction and instrumentation parameters that affect the method’s performance, such as extraction solvent, ratio salts, sorbents, stationary phases, gradient conditions and eluents, were assessed. Under the ideal conditions, good linearity (0.992–0.998), limits of detection (0.02–0.47 µg/kg) and quantification (0.06–1.58 µg/kg), recovery (94.1 to 112%) and precision (relative standard deviation <18%) were achieved for spiked levels between 2.5 and 50 µg/kg. The obtained results revealed that the potatoes analyzed do not represent any concern for human healthy, as the insecticide residues detected were lower than the maximum residue limits set by the European Union, Codex Alimentarius, and other organizations.
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Hearon SE, Wang M, Phillips TD. Strong Adsorption of Dieldrin by Parent and Processed Montmorillonite Clays. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:517-525. [PMID: 31756776 PMCID: PMC7047628 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Widespread use of pesticides has resulted in the accumulation of pesticide residues in the environment due to their persistence and stability. To reduce potential exposures, we have developed broad-acting clay-based sorbents that can be included in the diet as enterosorbents to reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of chemicals. In the present study, parent and acid-processed calcium montmorillonite clays (CM and APM, respectively) were used to determine their potential as sorbents of the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin. We used adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and dosimetry studies to determine the capacities and affinities of the clays, the enthalpies of the binding reactions, and potential doses of sorbent that could protect against high exposures. Adsorption isotherms for APM fit a Langmuir model with high enthalpy (suggesting chemisorption) and high capacity (Qmax value = 0.45 mol kg-1 ), indicating tight binding of dieldrin. Cultures of Hydra vulgaris were used to determine the ability of sorbents to protect a living organism from dieldrin toxicity. The inclusion of acid-processed clays resulted in the highest reduction of dieldrin toxicity (70%) in the hydra. Further work indicated that both CM and APM can significantly reduce the bioavailability of dieldrin from soil (p ≤ 0.01). These results suggest that APM (and similar clays) can be effective sorbents of dieldrin and may be included in the diet and/or soil to protect against environmental exposures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:517-525. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Hearon
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Meichen Wang
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Timothy D Phillips
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Szpyrka E, Słowik-Borowiec M, Książek P, Zwolak A, Podbielska M. The difference in dissipation of clomazone and metazachlor in soil under field and laboratory conditions and their uptake by plants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3747. [PMID: 32111959 PMCID: PMC7048729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study concerned dissipation of metazachlor and clomazone, herbicides widely used in rapeseed (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus) protection, applied to the clay soil under field and laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the uptake of these pesticide from soil by rapeseed plants was investigated under field conditions. An additional aim of this work was to modify the QuEChERS method for the determination of metazachlor and clomazone in the plant material. Analytical procedures for metazachlor and clomazone qualification and quantification in rapeseed plants and soil were developed, using gas chromatography with an micro electron capture detector (GC-μECD) and a mass detector (GC-MS/MS QqQ) as confirmation. Dissipation kinetics of herbicide residues in soil were described as first-order equations. The analytical performance was very satisfactory and confirmed that the methods meet the requirements of the European Commission. In the conducted field experiments it was found that dissipation of clomazone and metazachlor in clay soil follows first-order kinetics (R2 between 0.964 and 0.978), and half-lives were 9.5 days and 10.2 days for clomazone and metazachlor, respectively. Under laboratory conditions, dissipation of clomazone and metazachlor in soil also follows first-order kinetics (R2 between 0.937 and 0.938), and half-lives were 8.8 days and 5.7 days for clomazone and metazachlor, respectively. Residues of both herbicides in rape plants 22 days after application of herbicides were below the maximum residue levels for Brassica plants. Metazachlor and clomazone dissipate very fast in clay soil and their uptake by rape plants is very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szpyrka
- University of Rzeszow, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | | | - Paulina Książek
- University of Rzeszow, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Aneta Zwolak
- University of Rzeszow, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Magdalena Podbielska
- University of Rzeszow, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
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Li Z, Di Gioia F, Hwang JI, Hong J, Ozores-Hampton M, Zhao X, Pisani C, Rosskopf E, Wilson PC. Dissipation of fomesafen in fumigated, anaerobic soil disinfestation-treated, and organic-amended soil in Florida tomato production systems. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:628-635. [PMID: 31318139 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumigated, anaerobic soil disinfestation-treated (ASD), and organic-amended soil management strategies have been investigated as potential methyl bromide (MBr) alternatives for controlling diseases, nematodes, and weeds in soil. Nutsedge and broadleaf weed control using fomesafen has been reported to be comparable to MBr in normal cropping systems. There is no information on the fate of fomesafen used in combination with alternative practices. In this study, the fate of fomesafen in these alternative systems was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) following extraction using a modified Quick Easy Cheap Effective Safe (QuEChERS) method. RESULTS The reported half-life (DT50 ) values for fomesafen in the top 15 cm of soil were from 62.9 to 107.3 days. The DT50 values in organic-amended soil were higher than in ASD-treated soil in the top 15 cm. For all treatments, reductions in concentrations were positively correlated with lower redox potentials and organic matter content. Some leaching of fomesafen into the 16-30 cm zone was observed in all treatments. CONCLUSIONS The DT50 values in this study were generally higher than those reported in previous studies performed at different locations. Due to increased losses of the herbicide and subsequent reduction in weed control, fomesafen is likely not to be suitable for effective weed control in systems using ASD techniques employing composted poultry litter and molasses. Integration of fomesafen using composted yard waste 1 (CYW1) and Soil Symphony Amendment (SSA) may result in acceptable weed control. Given that the soil was very sandy and the pH was higher than the pKa, fomesafen might leach deeper than 30 cm, particularly with the use of chemical soil fumigants (CSFs). © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuona Li
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida/IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, Citrus and Other Subtropical Products Research University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jeong-In Hwang
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida/IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jason Hong
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Monica Ozores-Hampton
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida/IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida/IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cristina Pisani
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
- USDA, ARS, Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Station, Byron, GA, USA
| | - Erin Rosskopf
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
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Mahdavi V, Garshasbi Z, Farimani MM, Farhadpour M, Aboul-Enein HY. Health risk assessment of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in pistachio using a QuEChERS-based method in combination with HPLC-UV. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4747. [PMID: 31750961 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need to address the potential risks arising from combined exposures to multiple residues from pesticides in the diet. Pesticide residue-related pollution is a problem that arises because of the increased use of pesticides in agriculture to meet the growing demands of food production. In this study, pesticide residue data were obtained based on an optimized extraction method. For this purpose, we established a method based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction for simultaneous determination of imidacloprid (IMI) and acetamiprid (ACT) in pistachio nuts. The parameters influencing the QuEChERS method were the sample-to-water ratio and adsorbent amounts. As a result, both were optimized to improve the recovery of the analytes as well as the clean-up efficiency of the pistachio matrix. Our results indicated that a freeze-out step and use of primary and secondary amines as an adsorbent led to much cleaner chromatograms with lower baseline drift, without using graphitized carbon black and C18 -based adsorbent, which reduced both cost and time of analysis. Following extraction, the pesticide residues were separated and quantified by reverse-phase HPLC. For validation purposes, recovery studies were carried out using a concentration range from 20 to 2500 μg/L at nine levels. The suitable linearity, precision, and accuracy were obtained with HPLC-UV with recoveries of 70.37%-89.80% for IMI and 81.05%-113.57% for ACT, with relative standard deviations <12%. The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of pistachio samples collected from a field trial to estimate maximum residue limits. There was no significant health risk for consumers via pistachio consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Garshasbi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Farhadpour
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Rodríguez-Ramos R, Socas-Rodríguez B, Santana-Mayor Á, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Nanomaterials as alternative dispersants for the multiresidue analysis of phthalates in soil samples using matrix solid phase dispersion prior to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124377. [PMID: 31548171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the application of different nanomaterials as dispersants in matrix solid phase dispersion has been evaluated for the extraction of fifteen phthalates from different environmental samples prior to their separation and quantification by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Within the evaluated nanomaterials, including graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and iron 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate metal-organic framework, the last one showed the best results in terms of extraction capacity and sample clean-up. The effects of the different parameters affecting the sample pretreatment efficiency were exhaustively evaluated. The whole methodology was validated for agricultural soil and sand, using dibutyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 as surrogate. Recovery values ranged from 70 to 120% for both matrices with RSD values lower than 20% and the limits of quantification of the method achieved were in the range 0.14-2.7 μg/kg dry weight. Finally, the analysis of soil samples from different locations of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) was carried out finding the presence of BBP, DIBP and DBP in the range 5-52 μg/kg dry weight in agricultural soils, and DIPP, DNOP and DINP in the range 2-101 μg/kg dry weight in sand samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rodríguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
| | - Álvaro Santana-Mayor
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
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Fan JC, Ren R, Jin Q, He HL, Wang ST. Detection of 20 phthalate esters in breast milk by GC-MS/MS using QuEChERS extraction method. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1551-1558. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1646435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Cai Fan
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ren Ren
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Quan Jin
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Li He
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Wang
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Rodrigues C, Bio A, Guimarães L, Fernandes VC, Delerue-Matos C, Vieira N. Assessing the ecological status of fluvial ecosystems employing a macroinvertebrate multi-taxon and multi-biomarker approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:503. [PMID: 31332534 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are recognised sensitive early-warning tools of biological effects in aquatic organisms. In this scope, the main aim of this study was to investigate the potential usefulness of a battery of biomarkers, evaluated in different benthic macroinvertebrate taxa, to discriminate aquatic ecosystems with different levels of ecological status and to provide further clues supporting environmental management. The study took place during the autumn of 2013 and the spring and summer of 2014, and the study cases were two Mediterranean rivers (Âncora and Ferreira rivers), differing in their ecological status. The biomarkers determined are widely employed and comprise a large set of biochemical responses: the activity of enzymes (cholinesterases, glutathione S-transferases, catalase and lactate dehydrogenase) and the levels of lipid peroxidation. They were assessed seasonally and in different macroinvertebrate taxa. Thirteen water physico-chemical parameters were also seasonally determined, and the concentration of seven organophosphorus pesticides and the percentage of 32 trace metals in sediments were determined in the spring. This is particularly useful for water management. Based on this, authorities can take actions to prevent further damage in the ecological status. Multivariate analyses showed distinct patterns of biological response for the Calopteryx spp., Chironomidae and Baetis spp. taxa. Calopteryx spp. and Chironomidae, in particular, showed distinct response patterns for the two rivers, which were fairly stable across seasons. This study sets the foundations for future cost-effective biomonitoring campaigns in Mediterranean rivers, allowing to establish historical data important to understand ecosystem evolution, as well as baseline levels of diagnostic biomarkers in informative macroinvertebrate taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodrigues
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Bio
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Virgínia C Fernandes
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natividade Vieira
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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Kumari D, John S. Health risk assessment of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from farms and markets of Western Indian Himalayan region. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:162-167. [PMID: 30822723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides in agriculture has become a very common practice in developing countries like India. Consequently, the increased concentration of residues of these hazardous pesticides in fruits and vegetables is manifested. The study aimed to assess the health hazards associated with the presence of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables sampled from farms and markets of Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh (India). Residues of predominant pesticides used in the region, belonging to the group of organophosphates, pyrethroid and phthalimide, were analysed using gas chromatograph quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). The pesticide extraction from the matrix was done following the modified QuEChERS method. Results indicated varying concentrations of pesticide residue in market and farm samples with farm samples more contaminated than market samples. Chronic health hazards prediction indicated that organophosphorus groups (methyl parathion and triazophos) posed health risk to children in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kumari
- Civil Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India
| | - S John
- Civil Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India.
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Bhattacharyya A, Haldar A, Bhattacharyya M, Ghosh A. Anthropogenic influence shapes the distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the sediment of Sundarban estuary in India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1626-1639. [PMID: 30180366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes as emerging environmental contaminants have become a significant and growing threat to human and environmental health. Traditionally, investigations of antibiotic resistance have been confined to a subset of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. During the last decade it became evident that the environmental microbiota possesses an enormous number and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes, some of which are very similar to the genes circulating in pathogenic microbiota. Recent studies demonstrate that aquatic ecosystems are potential reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Therefore, these aquatic ecosystems serve as potential sources for their transmission of ARGs to human pathogens. An assessment of such risks requires a better understanding of the level and variability of the natural resistance background and the extent of the anthropogenic impact. We have analyzed eight sediment samples from Sundarban mangrove ecosystem in India, collected at sampling stations with different histories of anthropogenic influences, and analyzed the relative abundance of the blaTEM gene using quantitative real-time PCR. The blaTEM gene abundance strongly correlated with the respective anthropogenic influences (polyaromatic hydrocarbon, heavy metals etc.) of the sampling stations. Besides, 18 multidrug-resistant (ampicillin, kanamycin, vancomycin, and tetracycline resistant) bacterial strains (ARBs) were isolated and characterized. Moreover, the effect of different antibiotics on the biofilm forming ability of the isolates was evaluated quantitatively under a variety of experimental regimes. This is the first report of preservation and possible dissemination of ARGs in the mangrove ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India
| | - Anwesha Haldar
- Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India
| | - Maitree Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India.
| | - Abhrajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C. I. T. Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
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Bragança I, Lemos PC, Delerue-Matos C, Domingues VF. Pyrethroid pesticide metabolite, 3-PBA, in soils: method development and application to real agricultural soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2987-2997. [PMID: 30506380 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) is a shared metabolite of several synthetic pyrethroid pesticides (SPs) resulting from environmental degradation of parent compounds and thus occurs frequently as a residue in samples. Hence, the importance of 3-PBA evaluation after pyrethroid application. There is a gap of analytical methods to determine 3-PBA in soil samples. Therefore, an analytical method that combines the solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) detection has been developed for the determination of 3-PBA in soil samples. The analytical method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, intra- and inter-day batch precisions, recoveries, and quantification limits. An SPE method using a Strata X cartridge allows obtaining limits of detection and quantification equal to 4.0 and 13.3 ng g-1, respectively. Under optimized conditions, the method average recovery levels ranged from 70.3 to 93.5% with a relative standard deviation below 3.4%. Method intra- and inter-day precision was under 5.0 and 4.8%, respectively. The developed method was applied to 11 agricultural soil samples in the north of Portugal. The developed methodology allowed for the determination of the pyrethroid metabolite, 3-PBA, in agricultural soil samples at levels of few ng g-1. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idalina Bragança
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Polytechnic Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C Lemos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Chemistry Dep, FCT/Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Polytechnic Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina F Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Polytechnic Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- Requimte, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, no 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
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26
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Villaverde JJ, Sevilla-Morán B, López-Goti C, Alonso-Prados JL, Sandín-España P. Computational-Based Study of QuEChERS Extraction of Cyclohexanedione Herbicide Residues in Soil by Chemometric Modeling. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082009. [PMID: 30103524 PMCID: PMC6222645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of two buffered QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) versions (i.e., citrate and acetate) modified by including methanol to recover the residues of three cyclohexanedione oxime (CHD) herbicides and three of their byproducts from agricultural soil was performed. In this context, a full second-order face-centered factorial experimental design was developed to quantify the influences of the main five variables (i.e., extraction time, water content, soil weight, and extraction solvent volume and composition) on the target compound recoveries. The fitting equations satisfactorily described the extraction process behavior. The mathematical models also showed the most influencing independent variables (i.e., extraction solvent composition and soil weight). Handling simpler expressions was possible with the acetate QuEChERS but not with the citrate QuEChERS. The recoveries of the CHD residues were close to 100% after performing the extraction under suitable conditions. Furthermore, dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up steps were assessed to reduce the matrix effect in mass spectrometry. In this sense, the citrate QuEChERS in combination with the PSA + C18 clean-up step was the best option for the extraction of CHD residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Villaverde
- Unit Plant Protection Products, DTEVPF, INIA. Crta. La Coruña, Km.7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Sevilla-Morán
- Unit Plant Protection Products, DTEVPF, INIA. Crta. La Coruña, Km.7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen López-Goti
- Unit Plant Protection Products, DTEVPF, INIA. Crta. La Coruña, Km.7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Pilar Sandín-España
- Unit Plant Protection Products, DTEVPF, INIA. Crta. La Coruña, Km.7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Buah-Kwofie A, Humphries MS, Pillay L. Bioaccumulation and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in fish from a global biodiversity hotspot: iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:273-281. [PMID: 29186702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used extensively in the eastern regions of South Africa for agricultural and malaria control purposes, yet few data exist on the local environmental and social impacts of these compounds. Such issues have become of increasing concern in the iSimangaliso World Heritage Site, where the continued use of OCPs may pose risks to several sensitive and protected species. This study was designed to examine the bioaccumulation of OCPs in two common fish species, Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) and Clarias gariepinus (African sharptooth catfish) from iSimangaliso Wetland Park. These species are targeted by local subsistence fishermen and sustain substantial bird and crocodile populations. Our findings indicate widespread contamination of the aquatic environment, with ΣOCP fish tissue concentrations in the range of 6907-8740ngg-1 lw and 2953-5874ngg-1 lw for C. gariepinus and O. mossambicus, respectively. HCHs (471-1570ngg-1 lw), DDTs (645-2399ngg-1 lw), drin-related residues (589-1960ngg-1 lw), chlor-related residues (455-2162ngg-1 lw) and endosulfans (457-1495ngg-1 lw) were detected in all tissue samples. Concentrations detected in the majority of samples exceeded European Commission maximum residue limits and a health risk assessment indicated potential dietary risk associated with exposure to heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and dieldrin. This study represents the first investigation into OCP bioaccumulation in fish species from iSimangaliso Wetland Park. Our findings highlight the need for more detailed investigations into the bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological effects of these contaminants in the food web and the associated risks to local ecosystems and human health. CAPSULE High levels of OCPs detected in two common fish species at iSimangaliso Wetland Park highlight potential human health and ecotoxicological threats to a globally important biodiversity conservation hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archibold Buah-Kwofie
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Marc S Humphries
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Letitia Pillay
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa
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Lehmann E, Turrero N, Kolia M, Konaté Y, de Alencastro LF. Dietary risk assessment of pesticides from vegetables and drinking water in gardening areas in Burkina Faso. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1208-1216. [PMID: 28605838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables and water samples have been collected around the lake of Loumbila in Burkina Faso. Pesticides residues in food commodities were analyzed using a modified QuEChERS extraction method prior analysis on GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS of 31 pesticides. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) were exceeded in 36% of the samples for seven pesticides: acetamiprid, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, dieldrin, imidacloprid and profenofos. Exceedance of MRLs suggests a risk for the consumers and limits the opportunities of exportation. In order to define estimated daily intake, dietary surveys were conducted on 126 gardeners using a 24hours recall method. Single pesticide and cumulative exposure risks were assessed for children and adults. Risk was identified for: chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin in acute and chronic exposure scenarios. Hazardous chronic exposure to the endocrine disruptor and probable carcinogen dieldrin was also detected. In the studied population, cumulative dietary exposure presented a risk (acute and chronic) for children and adults in respectively >17% and 4% of the cases when considering the worst case scenarios. Processing factor largely influenced the risk of occurrence suggesting that simple washing of vegetables with water considerably reduced the risk of hazardous exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Lehmann
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Central Environmental Laboratory, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nuria Turrero
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Central Environmental Laboratory, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marius Kolia
- Institut International d'Ingénierie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Eau, Dépollution, Écosystèmes et Santé, Ouagadougou 01 BP 594, Burkina Faso
| | - Yacouba Konaté
- Institut International d'Ingénierie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Eau, Dépollution, Écosystèmes et Santé, Ouagadougou 01 BP 594, Burkina Faso.
| | - Luiz Felippe de Alencastro
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Central Environmental Laboratory, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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29
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Buah-Kwofie A, Humphries MS. The distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from iSimangaliso Wetland Park: Ecological risks and implications for conservation in a biodiversity hotspot. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:715-723. [PMID: 28728131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The iSimangaliso Wetland Park World Heritage site, located on the east coast of South Africa, spans ∼3300 km2 and constitutes the largest protected estuarine environment for hippopotami, crocodiles and aquatic birds in Africa. Given the ecological importance of this site and continued use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the region, this study focused on the nature, distribution and potential sources of organochlorine contamination within iSimangaliso Wetland Park. OCPs were widely distributed in surface sediment samples obtained from the four main Ramsar wetland systems within the park (Lake St Lucia, Mkhuze, Lake Sibaya and Kosi Bay). ∑HCH and ∑DDT were the dominant contaminants detected with concentrations in the range of 26.29-282.5 ng/g and 34.49-262.4 ng/g, respectively. ∑DDT concentrations revealed a distinctive gradient, with significantly higher concentrations at Kosi Bay and Lake Sibaya attributed to the application of DDT for malaria control. p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD were the dominant isomers detected, but the detection of p,p'-DDT in a number of samples reflects recent inputs of technical DDT. Highest concentrations of HCH, endosulfan and heptachlor were detected in sediments from Mkhuze and reflect the substantial residue load these wetlands receive from agricultural activities within the catchment area. Isomeric compositions indicate that endosulfan and heptachlor residues are derived mainly from historical application, while inputs of HCH, aldrin and endrin could be attributed to more recent usage at several sites. OCP sediment concentrations from iSimangaliso represent the highest yet recorded in South Africa and some of the highest reported globally this century. Sediments found within the lakes and wetlands of iSimangaliso represent large reservoirs of contaminants that pose ecotoxicological threats to this globally important biodiversity hotspot. Detailed investigation into the bioaccumulation and toxicological risks of OCPs within the wetland park is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archibold Buah-Kwofie
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Marc S Humphries
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Łozowicka B, Rutkowska E, Jankowska M. Influence of QuEChERS modifications on recovery and matrix effect during the multi-residue pesticide analysis in soil by GC/MS/MS and GC/ECD/NPD. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7124-7138. [PMID: 28093672 PMCID: PMC5383684 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A QuEChERS extraction followed by GC/MS/MS and GC-μECD/NPD for 216 pesticide and metabolites determination in soil simultaneously were developed and compared. Volume of water, volume and polarity of solvent, and cleanup sorbents (C18, GCB, PSA) were optimized. The QuEChERS with and without purification step were applied to estimate effectiveness of the method. The recovery and matrix effect (ME) were critical parameters within each tested procedure. The optimal method without cleanup was validated. Accuracy (expressed as recovery), precision (expressed as RSD), linearity, LOQ, and uncertainty were determined. The recoveries at the three spiking levels using matrix-matched standards ranged between 65 and 116% with RSD ≤17 and 60-112% with RSD ≤18% for MS/MS and μEC/NP, respectively. The LOQ ranged from 0.005-0.01 mg/kg for MS/MS to 0.05 mg/kg for μEC/NP. The ME for most of pesticides resulted in enhancement of the signal and depended on the analyte and detection system: MS/MS showed ME from -25 to 74%, while μEC/NP from -45 to 96%. A principal component analysis was performed to explain the relationships between physicochemical parameters and ME of 216 pesticides. The QuEChERS protocol without the cleanup step is a promising option to make the method less expensive and faster. This methodology was applied in routine analysis of 263 soil samples in which p,p' DDT was the most frequently detected (23.5% of samples) and pendimethalin with the highest concentration (1.63 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Łozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Rutkowska
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jankowska
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
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Ghadiri A, Salemi A. Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Based on Carbon Nanotube Coupled with Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Soil. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:578-585. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Torabi E, Talebi K, Pourbabaei A, Ahmadzadeh M. Diazinon dissipation in pesticide-contaminated paddy soil: kinetic modeling and isolation of a degrading mixed bacterial culture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4117-4133. [PMID: 27933498 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation kinetics of diazinon was investigated in soils culled from a paddy field with a long history of the pesticide application. Goodness of fit statistical indices derived from several fitted mono- and bi-exponential kinetic models revealed a bi-phasic pattern of the diazinon dissipation curve at 15 and 150 mg kg-1 spiking levels, which could be described best by the first-order double exponential decay (FODED) model. Parameters obtained from this model were able to describe the enhanced dissipation of diazinon as the result of repeated soil applications, where a larger fraction of the pesticide readily available in the solution phase was dissipated with a fast rate. Cluster and principal component analysis (PCA) of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) obtained from soil bacterial populations revealed that they were only affected at the 150 mg kg-1 diazinon concentration. This was also supported by the phylogenetic tree obtained from sequences of the main gel bands. Accordingly, bacterial populations belonging to Proteobacteria were enriched in the soil following three treatments with diazinon at 150 mg kg-1. The Shannon's index revealed a nonsignificant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in overall diversity of soil bacteria following diazinon application. Diazinon-degrading bacteria were isolated from the paddy soils in a mineral salt medium. Results showed that the isolated mixed culture was able to remove 90% of the pesticide at two concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L-1 by 16.81 and 19.60 days, respectively. Sequencing the DGGE bands confirmed the role of Betaproteobacteria as the main components of the isolated mixed culture in the degradation of diazinon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehssan Torabi
- Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khalil Talebi
- Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - AhmadAli Pourbabaei
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Masoud Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Li J, Li D, Wu J, Qin J, Hu J, Huang W, Wang Z, Xiao W, Wang Y. Simultaneous determination of 35 ultra‐trace level organophosphorus pesticide residues in Sanjie Zhentong capsules of traditional Chinese medicine using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Li
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
| | - Dongpo Li
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
- Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang China
| | - Jingling Wu
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
| | - Jianping Qin
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
| | - Junhua Hu
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
| | - Wenzhe Huang
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
- Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
- Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
- Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control Nanjing China
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34
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Rahman MM, Abd El-Aty AM, Kim SW, Shin SC, Shin HC, Shim JH. Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample preparation approach for pesticide residue analysis using traditional detectors in chromatography: A review. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:203-212. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Musfiqur Rahman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Sciences; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
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35
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Megson D, Reiner EJ, Jobst KJ, Dorman FL, Robson M, Focant JF. A review of the determination of persistent organic pollutants for environmental forensics investigations. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 941:10-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Ramasubramanian T, Paramasivam M. Dissipation behavior of phorate and its toxic metabolites in the sandy clay loam soil of a tropical sugarcane ecosystem using a single-step sample preparation method and GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3973-3982. [PMID: 27546010 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The dissipation of phorate in the sandy clay loam soil of tropical sugarcane ecosystem was studied by employing a single-step sample preparation method and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification of the method was 0.01 μg/g. The recoveries of phorate, phorate sulfoxide, phorate sulfone, and phorate oxon were in the range 94.00-98.46% with relative standard deviations of 1.51-3.56% at three levels of fortification between 0.01 and 0.1 μg/g. The Half-life of phorate and the total residues, which include phorate, phorate sulfoxide and phorate sulfone, was 5.5 and 19.8 days, respectively at the recommended dose of insecticide. Phorate rapidly oxidized into its sulfoxide metabolite in the sandy clay loam soil. Phorate sulfoxide alone accounted for more than 20% of the total residues within 2 h post-application and it was more than 50% on the fifth day after treatment irrespective of the doses applied. Phorate sulfoxide and phorate sulfone reached below the detectable level on 105 and 135 days after treatment, respectively as against 45 days after treatment for phorate residues at the recommended dose. Thus, the reasonably prolonged efficacy of phorate against soil pests may be attributed to longer persistence of its more toxic sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumalaiandi Ramasubramanian
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. ,
| | - Mariappan Paramasivam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Paíga P, Delerue-Matos C. A throughput method using the quick easy cheap effective rugged safe method for the quantification of ibuprofen and its main metabolites in soils. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3436-44. [PMID: 27436623 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction is a modern sample preparation method that involves a number of steps with a low susceptibility to error. The efficiency of a laboratory can be improved not only through labor reduction and consumable savings but also through the use of high-throughput methods and the reduction of wastes. In commercially available kits, different salts and buffers are mixed in anhydrous packages. The composition of these kits are optimized and fixed for particular applications by the suppliers. In this work three model compounds (ibuprofen and two of its main metabolites: hydroxyibuprofen and carboxyibuprofen) were chosen and the amount of each salt (magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, and disodium citrate sesquihydrate) in the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe content was optimized for three different soil samples (soils A, B, and C) with different organic carbon contents, using a 2(4) factorial design. The optimized extraction procedure was applied to 12 soil samples; ranging from river sediments to agricultural soils. Based on the analysis 100 samples, a price reduction of 5.1- (soil B), 5.7- (Soil C), and 6.1-fold (soil A) was achieved without compromising the performance of the method when compared to commercial kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Paíga
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Atónio Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Atónio Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
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38
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Di S, Zhang W, Chen L, Zhou Z, Diao J. Toxicokinetics and oxidative stress in Tubifex tubifex exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane isomers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26207k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta, Tubificida) was exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in an aquatic environment to study the bioaccumulation and elimination of these chemicals, and oxidative stress in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
- Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
- Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
- Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
- Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Jinling Diao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
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39
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Dong M, Han W, Ediage EN, Fan L, Tang H, Wang W, Han L, Zhao Z, Song W, Han Z. Dissipation kinetics and degradation mechanism of amicarbazone in soil revealed by a reliable LC-MS/MS method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17518-17526. [PMID: 26139399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable analytical method was developed for simultaneous determination of amicarbazone (AMZ) and its two major metabolites including desamino amicarbazone (DA) and isopropyl-2-hydroxy-DA-amicarbazone (Ipr-2-OH-DA-AMZ) in soil for the first time. Targeted analytes were extracted and purified using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure, and then analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a total run time of 9 min. The established approach was extensively validated by determining the linearity (R (2) ≥ 0.99), recovery (84-96 ), sensitivity (limits of quantification at 5-10 μg kg(-1)), and precision (RSDs ≤12 %). Based on the methodological advances, the subsequent dissipation kinetics and degradation mechanism of amicarbazone in soil were thoroughly investigated in an illumination incubator. As revealed, AMZ was easily degraded with the half-lives of 13.9-19.7 days in soil. Field trial results of AMZ (40 g a.i. ha(-1)) in Shanghai showed that the residues of AMZ and its metabolite Ipr-2-OH-DA-AMZ decreased from 0.505 mg kg(-1) (day 50) to 0.038 mg kg(-1) (day 365) and from 0.099 mg kg(-1) (day 50) to 0.028 mg kg(-1) (day 365), respectively, while the content of DA increased from 0.097 mg kg(-1) (day 50) to 0.245 mg kg(-1) (day 365). This study provided valuable data to understand the toxicity of AMZ and substantially promote its safe application to protect environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofeng Dong
- Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Emmanuel Njumbe Ediage
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liangxiu Fan
- Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Tang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Han
- Department of College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng Han
- Institute for Agri-food Standards & Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Wu P, Cai C, Yang D, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Wang T. Determination of three kinds of banned drugs in milk powder by hybrid solid-phase extraction purification combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3288-3294. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinggu Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou China
| | - Chenggang Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biochemical Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Dajin Yang
- The National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biochemical Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Zhengyan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou China
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Diversity and Distribution of Archaea in the Mangrove Sediment of Sundarbans. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2015; 2015:968582. [PMID: 26346219 PMCID: PMC4543378 DOI: 10.1155/2015/968582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mangroves are among the most diverse and productive coastal ecosystems in the tropical and subtropical regions. Environmental conditions particular to this biome make mangroves hotspots for microbial diversity, and the resident microbial communities play essential roles in maintenance of the ecosystem. Recently, there has been increasing interest to understand the composition and contribution of microorganisms in mangroves. In the present study, we have analyzed the diversity and distribution of archaea in the tropical mangrove sediments of Sundarbans using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The extraction of DNA from sediment samples and the direct application of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing resulted in approximately 142 Mb of data from three distinct mangrove areas (Godkhali, Bonnie camp, and Dhulibhashani). The taxonomic analysis revealed the dominance of phyla Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota (Marine Group I) within our dataset. The distribution of different archaeal taxa and respective statistical analysis (SIMPER, NMDS) revealed a clear community shift along the sampling stations. The sampling stations (Godkhali and Bonnie camp) with history of higher hydrocarbon/oil pollution showed different archaeal community pattern (dominated by haloarchaea) compared to station (Dhulibhashani) with nearly pristine environment (dominated by methanogens). It is indicated that sediment archaeal community patterns were influenced by environmental conditions.
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42
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Ribeiro C, Ribeiro AR, Maia AS, Gonçalves VMF, Tiritan ME. New trends in sample preparation techniques for environmental analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 44:142-85. [PMID: 25391434 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.833850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental samples include a wide variety of complex matrices, with low concentrations of analytes and presence of several interferences. Sample preparation is a critical step and the main source of uncertainties in the analysis of environmental samples, and it is usually laborious, high cost, time consuming, and polluting. In this context, there is increasing interest in developing faster, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly sample preparation techniques. Recently, new methods have been developed and optimized in order to miniaturize extraction steps, to reduce solvent consumption or become solventless, and to automate systems. This review attempts to present an overview of the fundamentals, procedure, and application of the most recently developed sample preparation techniques for the extraction, cleanup, and concentration of organic pollutants from environmental samples. These techniques include: solid phase microextraction, on-line solid phase extraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- a CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal
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43
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Dong M, Nie D, Tang H, Rao Q, Qu M, Wang W, Han L, Song W, Han Z. Analysis of amicarbazone and its two metabolites in grains and soybeans by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2245-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maofeng Dong
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Nie
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Tang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Mingqing Qu
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Lijun Han
- Department of College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Zheng Han
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
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44
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Pastor-Belda M, Garrido I, Campillo N, Viñas P, Hellín P, Flores P, Fenoll J. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of new generation pesticides in soils by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1394:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Changing bacterial profile of Sundarbans, the world heritage mangrove: impact of anthropogenic interventions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:593-610. [PMID: 25655378 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mangrove microbial communities and their associated activities have profound impact on biogeochemical cycles. Although microbial composition and structure are known to be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors in the mangrove sediments, finding direct correlations between them remains a challenge. In this study we have explored sediment bacterial diversity of the Sundarbans, a world heritage site using a culture-independent molecular approach. Bacterial diversity was analyzed from three different locations with a history of exposure to differential anthropogenic activities. 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed and partial sequencing of the clones was performed to identify the microbial strains. We identified bacterial strains known to be involved in a variety of biodegradation/biotransformation processes including hydrocarbon degradation, and heavy metal resistance. Canonical Correspondence Analysis of the environmental and exploratory datasets revealed correlations between the ecological indices associated with pollutant levels and bacterial diversity across the sites. Our results indicate that sites with similar exposure of anthropogenic intervention reflect similar patterns of microbial diversity besides spatial commonalities.
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46
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Maia ML, Correia-Sá L, Coelho A, Barroso MF, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C. Eruca sativa: Benefits as antioxidants source versus risks of already banned pesticides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:338-345. [PMID: 25826102 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Eruca sativa (rocket salad) has been intensely consumed all over the world, insomuch as, this work was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant status and the environmental contamination (positive and negative nutritional contribution) of leaves and stems from this vegetable. Antioxidant capacity of rocket salad was assessed by mean of optical methods, such as the total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power assay and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extent of the environmental contamination was reached through the quantification of thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCP) by using gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detector (GC-ECD) and compound confirmations employing gas chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The OCP residues were extracted by using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) methodology.The extent of the environmental contamination was reached through the quantification of thirteen OCP by using gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detector (GC-ECD) and compound confirmations employing GC-MS/MS. The OCP residues were extracted by using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) methodology. This demonstrated that leaves presented more antioxidant activity than stems, emphasizing that leaves contained six times more polyphenolic compounds than stems. In what concerns the OCP occurrence, the average recoveries obtained at the three levels tested (40, 60 and 80 µg kg(-1)) ranged from 55% to 149% with a relative standard deviation of 11%, (except hexachrorobenzene). Three vegetables samples were collected from supermarkets and analysed following this study. According to data, only one sample achieved 16.21 of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, confirmed by GC-MS/MS. About OCP quantification, the data indicated that only one sample achieved 16.21 µg kg(-1) of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, confirmed by GC-MS/MS, being the QuEChERS a good choice for the of OCPs extraction. Furthermore, the leaves consumption guaranty higher levels of antioxidants than stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luz Maia
- a REQUIMTE/LAQV, Superior Institute of Engineering of Porto, Polytechnic Institute of Porto R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida , Porto , Portugal
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47
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Wu P, Cai C, Yang D, Wang L, Zhou Y, Shen X, Ma B, Tang J. Identification of 19 phthalic acid esters in dairy products by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:254-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinggu Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou China
| | - Chenggang Cai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Dajin Yang
- The National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou China
| | - Xianghong Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou China
| | - Bingjie Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou China
| | - Jun Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou China
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Dankyi E, Gordon C, Carboo D, Fomsgaard IS. Quantification of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in soils from cocoa plantations using a QuEChERS extraction procedure and LC-MS/MS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 499:276-283. [PMID: 25194905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of neonicotinoids as an insecticide group in Ghana has been quite significant particularly in cocoa production. The high usage has been mainly as a result of a government policy of free insecticide spraying on cocoa farms, in an effort to curb declining yields caused by pests and diseases and to prevent the use of unapproved or banned insecticides on cocoa farms. However the scale of cocoa farming, the frequency and intensity of usage coupled with the mode of application may result in large physical volumes of insecticides in the environment. This makes the knowledge of the concentration and fate of neonicotinoids in the environment extremely important. The present study was aimed at assessing the levels of five major neonicotinoids in soils from cocoa farmlands in Ghana. Extraction and cleanup of analytes were performed by use of a method based on the original QuEChERS procedure after optimizing salts, sorbents and instrumental conditions. Analyte extraction with NaCl and MgSO4 in acidified acetonitrile followed by cleanup with primary secondary amine (PSA) presented the optimum conditions for extraction. Quantification was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). Validation of the procedure showed average recoveries ranging from 72.0 to 104.8% for all analytes at all fortification levels with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 15.0. Limits of quantitation were <10 μg kg(-1) for all neonicotinoids studied. The results obtained from the analysis of 52 samples from cocoa farms revealed imidacloprid as the predominant neonicotinoid with concentrations ranging from 4.3 to 251.4 μg kg(-1) in >50% of samples analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enock Dankyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Christopher Gordon
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies (IESS), University of Ghana, P.O. Box 209, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Derick Carboo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsogsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
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Arias JLDO, Rombaldi C, Caldas SS, Primel EG. Alternative sorbents for the dispersive solid-phase extraction step in quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method for extraction of pesticides from rice paddy soils with determination by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1360:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Pestana D, Faria G, Sá C, Fernandes VC, Teixeira D, Norberto S, Faria A, Meireles M, Marques C, Correia-Sá L, Cunha A, Guimarães JT, Taveira-Gomes A, Santos AC, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C, Monteiro R, Calhau C. Persistent organic pollutant levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals--depot differences and dysmetabolism implications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:170-177. [PMID: 24949816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with endocrine disrupting activity in the aetiology of obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions has been recently highlighted. Adipose tissue (AT) is a common site of POPs accumulation where they can induce adverse effects on human health. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the presence of POPs in human visceral (vAT) and subcutaneous (scAT) adipose tissue in a sample of Portuguese obese patients that underwent bariatric surgery, and assess their putative association with metabolic disruption preoperatively, as well as with subsequent body mass index (BMI) reduction. METHODS AT samples (n=189) from obese patients (BMI ≥ 35) were collected and the levels of 13 POPs were determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the time of surgery. BMI variation was evaluated after 12 months and adipocyte size was measured in AT samples. RESULTS Our data confirm that POPs are pervasive in this obese population (96.3% of detection on both tissues), their abundance increasing with age (RS=0.310, p<0.01) and duration of obesity (RS=0.170, p<0.05). We observed a difference in AT depot POPs storage capability, with higher levels of ΣPOPs in vAT (213.9 ± 204.2 compared to 155.1 ± 147.4 ng/g of fat, p<0.001), extremely relevant when evaluating their metabolic impact. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between POP levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome components, namely dysglycaemia and hypertension, and more importantly with cardiovascular risk (RS=0.277, p<0.01), with relevance for vAT (RS=0.315, p<0.01). Finally, we observed an interesting relation of higher POP levels with lower weight loss in older patients. CONCLUSION Our sample of obese subjects allowed us to highlight the importance of POPs stored in AT on the development of metabolic dysfunction in a context of obesity, shifting the focus to their metabolic effects and not only for their recognition as environmental obesogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Pestana
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Gil Faria
- General Surgery Department, S. João Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Sá
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgínia C Fernandes
- Chemistry Investigation Centre (CIQ), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Requimte-Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Norberto
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Chemistry Investigation Centre (CIQ), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, P-4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Meireles
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Correia-Sá
- Chemistry Investigation Centre (CIQ), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital S. João, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Taveira-Gomes
- General Surgery Department, S. João Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina F Domingues
- Requimte-Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- Requimte-Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosário Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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