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Carolin A, Frazer D, Yan K, Bishop CR, Tang B, Nguyen W, Helman SL, Horvat J, Larcher T, Rawle DJ, Suhrbier A. The effects of iron deficient and high iron diets on SARS-CoV-2 lung infection and disease. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1441495. [PMID: 39296289 PMCID: PMC11408339 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1441495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is often dictated by a range of comorbidities. A considerable literature suggests iron deficiency and iron overload may contribute to increased infection, inflammation and disease severity, although direct causal relationships have been difficult to establish. Methods Here we generate iron deficient and iron loaded C57BL/6 J mice by feeding standard low and high iron diets, with mice on a normal iron diet representing controls. All mice were infected with a primary SARS-CoV-2 omicron XBB isolate and lung inflammatory responses were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry and RNA-Seq. Results Compared with controls, iron deficient mice showed no significant changes in lung viral loads or histopathology, whereas, iron loaded mice showed slightly, but significantly, reduced lung viral loads and histopathology. Transcriptional changes were modest, but illustrated widespread dysregulation of inflammation signatures for both iron deficient vs. controls, and iron loaded vs. controls. Some of these changes could be associated with detrimental outcomes, whereas others would be viewed as beneficial. Discussion Diet-associated iron deficiency or overload thus induced modest modulations of inflammatory signatures, but no significant histopathologically detectable disease exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Carolin
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Frazer
- Molecular Nutrition, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cameron R Bishop
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wilson Nguyen
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sheridan L Helman
- Molecular Nutrition, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jay Horvat
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Daniel J Rawle
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- GVN Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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2
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Skrypnik K, Schmidt M, Olejnik-Schmidt A, Harahap IA, Suliburska J. Influence of supplementation with iron and probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus curvatus on selected parameters of inflammatory state in rats on a high-fat iron-deficient diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4411-4424. [PMID: 38339838 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-fat (HF) diet, diet iron deficiency and iron supplementation may affect inflammatory parameters. Probiotics influence both iron metabolism and inflammation. We compared the inflammatory state in rats on a HF iron-deficient diet receiving oral iron, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus curvatus in different combinations. METHODS This was a two-stage experiment. In groups C (n = 8) and HF (n = 8), rats ate a control or HF diet, respectively, for 16 weeks. In the group HFDEF (n = 48), rats ate a HF iron-deficient diet for 8 weeks (first stage) and were subsequently divided into 6 groups (n = 8 each) receiving the following for a further 8 weeks (second stage): HFDEF - a HF iron-deficient diet; HFDEFFe - a HF iron-deficient diet with iron; HFDEFLp and HFDEFLc - a HF iron-deficient diet with L. plantarum or L. curvatus, respectively; and HFDEFFeLp and HFDEFFeLc - a HF iron-deficient diet with iron and L. plantarum or L. curvatus, respectively. Body composition analysis and blood sampling was performed. Markers of iron status and levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured in the blood. RESULTS TAS was higher in the HFDEF group (756.57 ± 489.53 ng mL-1) versus the HFDEFLc group (187.04 ± 47.84 ng mL-1; P = 0.022). No more differences were found between groups, or in TAS, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations. Also, no differences were found between groups for alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, glucose, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins and triglycerides. TAS level was positively correlated with ferritin concentration, IL-6 with TAS and TNF-α with hepcidin level. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with L. plantarum, L. curvatus and iron in combinations exerts no influence on inflammatory status, lipid profile, hepatic function and serum fasting glucose in rats on a HF iron-deficient diet. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skrypnik
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Iskandar Azmy Harahap
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Zhang J, Su T, Fan Y, Cheng C, Xu L, LiTian. Spotlight on iron overload and ferroptosis: Research progress in female infertility. Life Sci 2024; 340:122370. [PMID: 38141854 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element for organisms. However, iron overload, which is common in haematological disorders (e.g. haemochromatosis, myelodysplastic syndromes, aplastic anaemia, and thalassaemia, blood transfusion-dependent or not), can promote reactive oxygen species generation and induce ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death characterised by excess iron and lipid peroxidation, thus causing cell and tissue damage. Infertility is a global health concern. Recent evidence has indicated the emerging role of iron overload and ferroptosis in female infertility by inducing hypogonadism, causing ovary dysfunction, impairing preimplantation embryos, attenuating endometrial receptivity, and crosstalk between subfertility-related disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis. In addition, gut microbiota and their metabolites are involved in iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and female infertility. In this review, we systematically elaborate on the current research progress in female infertility with a novel focus on iron overload and ferroptosis and summarise promising therapies targeting iron overload and ferroptosis to recover fertility in women. In summary, our study provides new insights into female infertility and offers literature references for the clinical management of female infertility associated with iron overload and ferroptosis, which may be beneficial for females with haematopoietic disorders suffering from both iron overload and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Tiantian Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lanping Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital & Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - LiTian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
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4
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Lee S, Choi A, Park KH, Cho Y, Yoon H, Kim P. Single-Cell Hemoprotein Diet Changes Adipose Tissue Distributions and Re-Shapes Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1648-1656. [PMID: 37734921 PMCID: PMC10772551 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
We have previously observed that feeding with single-cell hemoprotein (heme-SCP) in dogs (1 g/day for 6 days) and broiler chickens (1 ppm for 32 days) increased the proportion of lactic acid bacteria in the gut while reducing their body weights by approximately 1~2%. To define the roles of heme-SCP in modulating body weight and gut microbiota, obese C57BL/6N mice were administered varied heme-SCP concentrations (0, 0.05, and 0.5% heme-SCP in high fat diet) for 28 days. The heme-SCP diet seemed to restrain weight gain till day 14, but the mice gained weight again later, showing no significant differences in weight. However, the heme-SCP-fed mice had stiffer and oilier bodies compared with those of the control mice, which had flabby bodies and dull coats. When mice were dissected at day 10, the obese mice fed with heme-SCP exhibited a reduction in subcutaneous fat with an increase in muscle mass. The effect of heme-SCP on the obesity-associated dyslipidemia tended to be corroborated by the blood parameters (triglyceride, total cholesterol, and C-reactive protein) at day 10, though the correlation was not clear at day 28. Notably, the heme-SCP diet altered gut microbiota, leading to the proliferation of known anti-obesity biomarkers such as Akkermansia, Alistipes, Oscillibacter, Ruminococcus, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium. This study suggests the potential of heme-SCP as an anti-obesity supplement, which modulates serum biochemistry and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungki Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, the Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoung Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, the Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Youngjin Cho
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, the Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
- HemoLab Ltd. Co., Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Loveikyte R, Bourgonje AR, van Goor H, Dijkstra G, van der Meulen-de Jong AE. The effect of iron therapy on oxidative stress and intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases: A review on the conundrum. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102950. [PMID: 37918126 PMCID: PMC10643537 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One in five patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) suffers from anemia, most frequently caused by iron deficiency. Anemia and iron deficiency are associated with worse disease outcomes, reduced quality of life, decreased economic participation, and increased healthcare costs. International guidelines and consensus-based recommendations have emphasized the importance of treating anemia and iron deficiency. In this review, we draw attention to the rarely discussed effects of iron deficiency and iron therapy on the redox status, the intestinal microbiota, and the potential interplay between them, focusing on the clinical implications for patients with IBD. Current data are scarce, inconsistent, and do not provide definitive answers. Nevertheless, it is imperative to rule out infections and discern iron deficiency anemia from other types of anemia to prevent untargeted oral or intravenous iron supplementation and potential side effects, including oxidative stress. Further research is necessary to establish the clinical significance of changes in the redox status and the intestinal microbiota following iron supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Loveikyte
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - H van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A E van der Meulen-de Jong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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6
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Lewis ED, Ortega EF, Dao MC, Barger K, Mason JB, Leong JM, Osburne MS, Magoun L, Nepveux V FJ, Chishti AH, Schwake C, Quynh A, Gilhooly CH, Petty G, Guo W, Matuszek G, Pereira D, Reddy M, Wang J, Wu D, Meydani SN, Combs GF. Safe and effective delivery of supplemental iron to healthy adults: a two-phase, randomized, double-blind trial - the safe iron study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1230061. [PMID: 37899826 PMCID: PMC10603204 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1230061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The safety of novel forms of iron in healthy, iron-replete adults as might occur if used in population-based iron supplementation programs was examined. We tested the hypotheses that supplementation with nanoparticulate iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT), an iron-enriched Aspergillus oryzae product (ASP), or ferrous sulphate heptahydrate (FS) are safe as indicated by erythrocyte susceptibility to malarial infection, bacterial proliferation, and gut inflammation. Responses to FS administered daily or weekly, and with or without other micronutrients were compared. Methods Two phases of randomized, double-blinded trials were conducted in Boston, MA. Phase I randomized 160 volunteers to six treatments: placebo, IHAT, ASP, FS, and FS plus a micronutrient powder (MNP) administrated daily at 60 mg Fe/day; and FS administered as a single weekly dose of 420 mg Fe. Phase II randomized 86 volunteers to IHAT, ASP, or FS administered at 120 mg Fe/day. Completing these phases were 151 and 77 participants, respectively. The study was powered to detect effects on primary endpoints: susceptibility of participant erythrocytes to infection by Plasmodium falciparum, the proliferation potential of selected pathogenic bacteria in sera, and markers of gut inflammation. Secondary endpoints for which the study was not powered included indicators of iron status and gastrointestinal symptoms. Results Supplementation with any form of iron did not affect any primary endpoint. In Phase I, the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with FS was unaffected by dosing with MNP or weekly administration; but participants taking IHAT more frequently reported abdominal pain (27%, p < 0.008) and nausea (4%, p = 0.009) than those taking FS, while those taking ASP more frequently reported nausea (8%, p = 0.009). Surprisingly, only 9% of participants taking IHAT at 120 mg Fe/day (Phase II) reported abdominal pain and no other group reported that symptom. Discussion With respect to the primary endpoints, few differences were found when comparing these forms of iron, indicating that 28 days of 60 or 120 mg/day of IHAT, ASP, or FS may be safe for healthy, iron-replete adults. With respect to other endpoints, subjects receiving IHAT more frequently reported abdominal pain and nausea, suggesting the need for further study. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03212677; registered: 11 July 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D. Lewis
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edwin F. Ortega
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Carlota Dao
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathryn Barger
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joel B. Mason
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John M. Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marcia S. Osburne
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Loranne Magoun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Felix J. Nepveux V
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Athar H. Chishti
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher Schwake
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anh Quynh
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cheryl H. Gilhooly
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gayle Petty
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Weimin Guo
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gregory Matuszek
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dora Pereira
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Manju Reddy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jifan Wang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dayong Wu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simin N. Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gerald F. Combs
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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SHI J, XIE Y, LI Y, REN D, ZHANG Y, SHAO H, LIU Y, WANG X, LI Y. Effects of food-grade iron(III) oxide nanoparticles on cecal digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in rats. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 43:43-54. [PMID: 38188661 PMCID: PMC10767317 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Although iron(III) oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are widely used in diverse applications ranging from food to biomedicine, the effects of IONPs on different locations of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are unclear. So, a subacute repeated oral toxicity study on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was performed, administering low (50 mg/kg·bw), medium (100 mg/kg·bw), and high (200 mg/kg·bw) doses of IONPs. In this study, we found that a high dose of IONPs increased animal weight, and 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that IONPs caused intestinal flora disorders in both the cecal digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota. However, only high-dose IONP exposure changed the abundance and composition of the mucosa-associated microbiota. IONPs increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Ruminiclostridium_9, Romboutsia, and Bilophila and decreased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, and many of these microorganisms are associated with weight gain, obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and mucosal damage. Functional analysis showed that changes in the gut microbiota induced by a high dose of IONPs were mainly related to metabolism, infection, immune, and endocrine disease functions. IONPs significantly elevated the levels of valeric, isobutyric, and isovaleric acid, promoting the absorption of iron. This is the first description of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in SD rats caused by IONPs, and the effects and mechanisms of action of IONPs on intestinal and host health need to be further studied and confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangchun SHI
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yumeng XIE
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yulin LI
- Department of Hospital-acquired Infection Management, Guizhou
Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Dongxia REN
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yiqi ZHANG
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huangfang SHAO
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang LIU
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue WANG
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yun LI
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk
Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Sun B, Tan B, Zhang P, Huang T, Wei H, Li C, Yang W. Effects of hemoglobin extracted from Tegillarca granosa on the gut microbiota in iron deficiency anemia mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:7040-7052. [PMID: 37449470 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00695f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a serious threat to the health of humans around the world. Tegillarca granosa (T. granosa) is considered as an excellent source of iron due to its abundant iron-binding protein hemoglobin. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hemoglobin from T. granosa on the gut microbiota and iron bioavailability in IDA mice. Compared to normal mice, IDA mice showed reduced microbiota diversity and altered relative abundance (reduced Muribaculaceae and increased Bacteroides). After 4 weeks of administration, hemoglobin restored the dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota induced by IDA and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and the abundance of Proteobacteria. Analysis of the hemoglobin regeneration efficiency of mice treated with hemoglobin confirmed that hemoglobin exhibited high iron bioavailability, particularly at low-dose administration, suggesting that a small amount of hemoglobin from T. granosa markedly elevated the blood hemoglobin level in mice. These findings suggested that IDA could be alleviated by administration of hemoglobin with excellent iron bioavailability, and its therapeutic mechanism may be partially attributed to the regulation of the intestinal microbiota composition and relative abundance. These results indicated that T. granosa hemoglobin may be a promising iron supplement to treat IDA and promote the utilization of aquatic-derived proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China.
| | - Beibei Tan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China.
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Panxue Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Huamao Wei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wenge Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Mohammed NI, Wason J, Mendy T, Nass SA, Ofordile O, Camara F, Baldeh B, Sanyang C, Jallow AT, Hossain I, Faria N, Powell JJ, Prentice AM, Pereira DI. A novel nano-iron supplement versus standard treatment for iron deficiency anaemia in children 6-35 months (IHAT-GUT trial): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled non-inferiority phase II trial in The Gambia. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 56:101853. [PMID: 36880049 PMCID: PMC9985047 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the leading cause of years lost to disability in most sub-Saharan African countries and is especially common in young children. The IHAT-GUT trial assessed the efficacy and safety of a novel nano iron supplement, which is a dietary ferritin analogue termed iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT), for the treatment of IDA in children under 3 years of age. METHODS In this single-country, randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority Phase II study in The Gambia, children 6-35 months with IDA (7≤Hb < 11 g/dL and ferritin<30 μg/L) were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive either IHAT, ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) or placebo daily for 3 months (85 days). The daily iron dose was 12.5 mg Fe equivalent for FeSO4 and the estimated dose with comparable iron-bioavailability for IHAT (20 mg Fe). The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite of haemoglobin response at day 85 and correction of iron deficiency. The non-inferiority margin was 0.1 absolute difference in response probability. The primary safety endpoint was moderate-severe diarrhoea analysed as incidence density and prevalence over the 3 months intervention. Secondary endpoints reported herein include hospitalisation, acute respiratory infection, malaria, treatment failures, iron handling markers, inflammatory markers, longitudinal prevalence of diarrhoea and incidence density of bloody diarrhoea. Main analyses were per-protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses. This trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02941081). FINDINGS Between Nov 2017 and Nov 2018, 642 children were randomised into the study (214 per group) and included in the ITT analysis, the PP population included 582 children. A total of 50/177 (28.2%) children in the IHAT group achieved the primary efficacy endpoint, as compared with 42/190 (22.1%) in the FeSO4 group (OR 1.39, 80% CI 1.01-1.91, PP population) and with 2/186 (1.1%) in the placebo group. Diarrhoea prevalence was similar between groups, with 40/189 (21.2%) children in the IHAT group developing at least one episode of moderate-severe diarrhoea over the 85 days intervention, compared with 47/198 (23.7%) in the FeSO4 group (OR 1.18, 80% CI 0.86-1.62) and 40/195 (20.5%) in the placebo group (OR 0.96, 80% CI 0.7-1.33, PP population). Incidence density of moderate-severe diarrhoea was 2.66 in the IHAT group and 3.42 in the FeSO4 group (RR 0.76, 80% CI 0.59-0.99, CC-ITT population).There were 143/211 (67.8%) children with adverse events (AEs) in the IHAT group, 146/212 (68.9%) in the FeSO4 group and 143/214 (66.8%) in the placebo group. There were overall 213 diarrhoea-related AEs; 35 (28.5%) cases reported in the IHAT group compared with 51 (41.5%) cases in the FeSO4 group and 37 (30.1%) cases in the placebo group. INTERPRETATION In this first Phase II study conducted in young children with IDA, IHAT showed sufficient non-inferiority compared to standard-of-care FeSO4, in terms of ID correction and haemoglobin response, to warrant a definitive Phase III trial. In addition, IHAT had lower incidence of moderate-severe diarrhoea than FeSO4, with no increased adverse events in comparison with placebo. FUNDING The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1140952).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuredin I. Mohammed
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - James Wason
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4BN, UK
| | - Thomas Mendy
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Stefan A. Nass
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
- Medical Humanities, Amsterdam-UMC - VUmc Location, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ogochukwu Ofordile
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Famalang Camara
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Bakary Baldeh
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Chilel Sanyang
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Amadou T. Jallow
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Ilias Hossain
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Nuno Faria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Jonathan J. Powell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Andrew M. Prentice
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
- Corresponding author. MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, Gambia.
| | - Dora I.A. Pereira
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
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10
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Wolf PG, Bernabe BP, Oliveira ML, Hamm A, McLeod A, Olender S, Castellanos K, Loman BR, Gaskins HR, Fitzgibbon M, Tussing-Humphreys L. Effect of Diets Varying in Iron and Saturated Fat on the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammation: A Crossover Feeding Study among Older Females with Obesity. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:876-889. [PMID: 36625531 PMCID: PMC10023443 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2163668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Altered nutrient metabolism, particularly changes to digestion and intestinal absorption, may play an important role in the development of CRC. Iron can promote the formation of tissue-damaging and immune-modulating reactive oxygen species. We conducted a crossover, controlled feeding study to examine the effect of three, 3-week diets varying in iron and saturated fat content on the colonic milieu and systemic markers among older females with obesity. Anthropometrics, fasting venous blood and stool were collected before and after each diet. There was a minimum 3-week washout period between diets. Eighteen participants consumed the three diets (72% Black; mean age 60.4 years; mean body mass index 35.7 kg/m2). Results showed no effect of the diets on intestinal inflammation (fecal calprotectin) or circulating iron, inflammation, and metabolic markers. Pairwise comparisons revealed less community diversity between samples (beta diversity, calculated from 16S rRNA amplicon sequences) among participants when consuming a diet low in iron and high in saturated fat vs. when consuming a diet high in iron and saturated fat. More studies are needed to investigate if dietary iron represents a salient target for CRC prevention among individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G. Wolf
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Manoela Lima Oliveira
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alyshia Hamm
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew McLeod
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Olender
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karla Castellanos
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brett R. Loman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - H. Rex Gaskins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Marian Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Balashova EA, Shadrina IL, Pogodina AA. Gastrointestinal side effects of iron supplements: potential effects on gut microbiota. ROSSIYSKIY VESTNIK PERINATOLOGII I PEDIATRII (RUSSIAN BULLETIN OF PERINATOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS) 2022. [DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2022-67-5-18-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia remains a significant problem in pediatric practice with its prevalence of 6–40% in the Russian Federation. Oral iron supplementation is the most common first-line treatment especially in outpatient setting. Despite adequate efficacy of oral supplementation, the problem of its side effects and, primarily, gastrointestinal toxicity remains. This review examines the issue of the potential effect of iron supplementation on gut microbiota composition, presents data from studies in animal models and in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I. L. Shadrina
- Samara State Medical University;
Samara City Hospital No. 7
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12
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Klurfeld DM. The whole food beef matrix is more than the sum of its parts. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4523-4531. [PMID: 36343282 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2142931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Foods are not simply a delivery vehicle for nutrients; they consist of a matrix in which nutrients and non-nutrient compounds are presented that induce physiologic effects different from isolated nutrients. Dietary guidance is often based on effects of single nutrients that are considered unhealthy, such as saturated fat in beef. The purpose of this paper is to propose a working definition of the whole food beef matrix whose consumption has health effects distinct from those of isolated nutrients. The beef matrix can be defined as: the collective nutritive and non-nutritive components of the beef food structure and their unique chemical and physical interactions that may be important for human health which are distinguishable from those of the single components in isolation. Background information supporting this approach is summarized on multiple components provided by beef, temporal changes in beef consumption, dietary guidance that restricts beef, and how the background diet determines healthfulness rather than a single food. Examples of research are provided on other whole foods that differ from their constitutive nutrients and lay the groundwork for studies of beef as part of a healthy dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Klurfeld
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana
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13
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Skrypnik K, Olejnik-Schmidt A, Mikołajczyk-Stecyna J, Schmidt M, Suliburska J. Influence of supplementation of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus curvatus on selected parameters of liver iron metabolism in rats on high-fat iron-deficient diet. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Skrypnik K, Bogdański P, Sobieska M, Schmidt M, Suliburska J. Influence of multistrain probiotic and iron supplementation on iron status in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126849. [PMID: 34488183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of multistrain probiotics on iron (Fe) metabolism under Fe-deficient diet conditions remains unknown. The study aimed to compare the effect of 6 weeks simultaneous and exclusive oral multistrain probiotic and iron supplementation on selected parameters of Fe metabolism in rats on an Fe-deficient diet. METHODS Forty rats were assigned to five groups, with eight animals in each, and for 6 weeks received: the CC group- a standard diet, the DD group- an Fe-deficient diet, the DPB group- an Fe-deficient with a multispecies probiotic, the DFE group- an Fe-deficient diet supplemented with iron, the DPBFE group- an Fe-deficient diet with iron and a multispecies probiotic. The Fe content in blood and tissues; serum concentration of erythroferrone, ferritin (Ft), homocysteine, hepcidin (HEPC) and lactoferrin; liver content of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), transferrin receptor protein 1 (TfR1) and 2 (TfR2) and ZRT/IRT-like protein 14 (ZIP14) and faecal microbiota were assessed. RESULTS In DPBFE group, unlike in DPB and DFE groups, duodenal Fe content was higher compared to DD group. Similarly, serum Ft level was higher in DPBFE group, but not in DPB and DFE groups, compared to DD group. CONCLUSIONS Six weeks simultaneous oral multistrain probiotic and Fe supplementation, but not exclusive probiotic or Fe intake, increases duodenal Fe absorption in rats and presents higher effectiveness in increasing tissue Fe stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skrypnik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, WojskaPolskiego St. 31, Poznan, 60-624, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sobieska
- Department of Physiotherapy, Chair for Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 r. St. 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, WojskaPolskiego St. 31, Poznan, 60-624, Poland.
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15
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Zakrzewski M, Wilkins SJ, Helman SL, Brilli E, Tarantino G, Anderson GJ, Frazer DM. Supplementation with Sucrosomial® iron leads to favourable changes in the intestinal microbiome when compared to ferrous sulfate in mice. Biometals 2021; 35:27-38. [PMID: 34697758 PMCID: PMC8803775 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide and is often treated with oral iron supplements. However, commonly used supplements, including those based on ferrous iron salts, are associated with gastrointestinal side effects and unfavorable changes in the intestinal microbiome. Sucrosomial® iron is a novel iron formulation that is effective at treating iron deficiency, and with fewer gastrointestinal side effects, yet its effect on the gut microbiome has not been examined previously. Thus, we treated mice for two weeks with diets containing either Sucrosomial® iron or ferrous sulfate as the sole iron source and examined bacterial communities in the intestine using 16S Microbial Profiling of DNA extracted from feces collected both prior to and following dietary treatment. Mice treated with Sucrosomial® iron showed an increase in Shannon diversity over the course of the study. This was associated with a decrease in the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria, which contains many pathogenic species, and an increase in short chain fatty acid producing bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae, Oscillibacter and Faecalibaculum. None of these changes were observed in mice treated with ferrous sulfate. These results suggest that Sucrosomial® iron may have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microbiome when compared to ferrous sulfate and that this form of iron is a promising alternative to ferrous iron salts for the treatment of iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Zakrzewski
- Medical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Sarah J Wilkins
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Sheridan L Helman
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Locked Bag 2000, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | | | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - David M Frazer
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Locked Bag 2000, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, Australia.
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16
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Mazgaj R, Lipiński P, Szudzik M, Jończy A, Kopeć Z, Stankiewicz AM, Kamyczek M, Swinkels D, Żelazowska B, Starzyński RR. Comparative Evaluation of Sucrosomial Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Oral Supplements in Iron Deficiency Anemia in Piglets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9930. [PMID: 34576090 PMCID: PMC8466487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most common mammalian nutritional disorder. However, among mammalian species iron deficiency anemia (IDA), occurs regularly only in pigs. To cure IDA, piglets are routinely injected with high amounts of iron dextran (FeDex), which can lead to perturbations in iron homeostasis. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of non-invasive supplementation with Sucrosomial iron (SI), a highly bioavailable iron supplement preventing IDA in humans and mice and various iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Analysis of red blood cell indices and plasma iron parameters shows that not all iron preparations used in the study efficiently counteracted IDA comparable to FeDex-based supplementation. We found no signs of iron toxicity of any tested iron compounds, as evaluated based on the measurement of several toxicological markers that could indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress or inflammation. Neither SI nor IONPs increased hepcidin expression with alterations in ferroportin (FPN) protein level. Finally, the analysis of the piglet gut microbiota indicates the individual pattern of bacterial diversity across taxonomic levels, independent of the type of supplementation. In light of our results, SI but not IONPs used in the experiment emerges as a promising nutritional iron supplement, with a high potential to correct IDA in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Mazgaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Mateusz Szudzik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Aneta Jończy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Zuzanna Kopeć
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Adrian M. Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Marian Kamyczek
- Pig Hybridization Centre, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 43-246 Pawłowice, Poland;
| | - Dorine Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (TLM 830), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Hepcidin Analysis, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Beata Żelazowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Rafał R. Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
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17
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Jung TH, Han KS. Imbalanced dietary intake alters the colonic microbial profile in growing rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253959. [PMID: 34191855 PMCID: PMC8244856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalanced dietary intake is associated with alteration of intestinal ecosystem. We investigated the impact of imbalanced diets on colonic microbiota, concentrations of short chain fatty acid in colonic digesta and serum immunoglobulins (Igs) of growing rats. Compared to the control diet, consuming diets high in fat, sucrose, or processed meat, or low in iron, increased the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella species, and decreased the beneficial bacteria, like Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Phascolarctobacterium, Alistipes, and butyrate producing species of bacteria in the colon of growing rats. The heatmap of metagenomics indicated that each group was separated into distinct clusters, and the ID group in particular, showed significantly (P < 0.01) reduced alpha diversity of colonic microbiota in comparison to the control group. All experimental groups showed significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) decreased concentration of acetate and butyrate in the colonic digesta and lower levels of serum IgG or IgA, compared to the control. These results indicated that the imbalanced dietary intake negatively altered intestinal ecosystem and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwan Jung
- Convergence Research Center, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Han
- Convergence Research Center, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Ribeiro M, Fonseca L, Anjos JS, Capo-Chichi JCC, Borges NA, Burrowes J, Mafra D. Oral iron supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease: Can it be harmful to the gut microbiota? Nutr Clin Pract 2021; 37:81-93. [PMID: 33979013 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have several pathophysiological alterations, including anemia, one of the first changes in CKD patients. More recently, researchers have observed that the intestinal microbiota alterations are also another complication in these patients. The most common treatment for anemia is oral (mainly ferrous sulfate) or intravenous iron supplementation. Despite being a necessary treatment, recent studies have reported that supplementation with oral iron may increase its availability in the intestine, leading to disturbance in the gut microbiota and also to oxidative stress in the enterocytes, which may change the permeability and the microbiota profile. Although it is a therapy routinely used in patients with CKD, supplementation with oral iron on the gut microbiota has been rarely studied in these patients. Thus, this review will discuss the relationship between iron and the gut microbiota and the possible effects of oral iron supplementation on gut microbiota in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Unidade de Pesquisa Clinica (UPC)-University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fonseca
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clinica (UPC)-University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Anjos
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clinica (UPC)-University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jean C C Capo-Chichi
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália A Borges
- Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Unidade de Pesquisa Clinica (UPC)-University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Nanoparticles in the Food Industry and Their Impact on Human Gut Microbiome and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041942. [PMID: 33669290 PMCID: PMC7920074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) has expanded into various industries including food manufacturing, agriculture, cosmetics, and construction. This has allowed NPs access to the human gastrointestinal tract, yet little is known about how they may impact human health. As the gut microbiome continues to be increasingly implicated in various diseases of unknown etiology, researchers have begun studying the potentially toxic effects of these NPs on the gut microbiome. Unfortunately, conflicting results have limited researcher’s ability to evaluate the true impact of NPs on the gut microbiome in relation to health. This review focuses on the impact of five inorganic NPs (silver, iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and silicon dioxide) on the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal tract with consideration for various methodological differences within the literature. This is important as NP-induced changes to the gut could lead to various gut-related diseases. These include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and colorectal cancer. Research in this area is necessary as the use of NPs in various industries continues to grow along with the number of people suffering from chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
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Lewis ED, Wu D, Mason JB, Chishti AH, Leong JM, Barger K, Meydani SN, Combs GF. Safe and effective delivery of supplemental iron to healthy older adults: The double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial protocol of the Safe Iron Study. Gates Open Res 2021; 3:1510. [PMID: 33655197 PMCID: PMC7890045 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13039.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The forms of iron currently available to correct iron deficiency have adverse effects, including infectious diarrhea, increased susceptibility to malaria, inflammation and detrimental changes to the gut microbiome. These adverse effects limit their use such that the growing burden of iron deficiency has not abated in recent decades. Here, we summarize the protocol of the "Safe Iron Study", the first clinical study examining the safety and efficacy of novel forms of iron in healthy, iron-replete adults. The Safe Iron Study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Boston, MA, USA. This study compares ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO 4·H 2O) with two novel forms of iron supplements (iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT) and organic fungal iron metabolite (Aspiron™ Natural Koji Iron)). In Phase I, we will compare each source of iron administrated at a low dose (60 mg Fe/day). We will also determine the effect of FeSO 4 co-administrated with a multiple micronutrient powder and weekly administration of FeSO 4. The forms of iron found to produce no adverse effects, or adverse effects no greater than FeSO 4 in Phase I, Phase II will evaluate a higher, i.e., a therapeutic dose (120 mg Fe/day). The primary outcomes of this study include ex vivo malaria ( Plasmodium falciparum) infectivity of host erythrocytes, ex vivo bacterial proliferation (of selected species) in presence of host plasma and intestinal inflammation assessed by fecal calprotectin. This study will test the hypotheses that the novel forms of iron, administered at equivalent doses to FeSO 4, will produce similar increases in iron status in iron-replete subjects, yet lower increases in ex vivo malaria infectivity, ex vivo bacterial proliferation, gut inflammation. Ultimately, this study seeks to contribute to development of safe and effective forms of supplemental iron to address the global burden of iron deficiency and anemia. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03212677; registered: 11 July 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D. Lewis
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Joel B. Mason
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Athar H. Chishti
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - John M. Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Kathryn Barger
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Simin N. Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Gerald F. Combs
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
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Seyoum Y, Baye K, Humblot C. Iron homeostasis in host and gut bacteria - a complex interrelationship. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-19. [PMID: 33541211 PMCID: PMC7872071 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1874855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most frequent nutritional deficiency in the world with an estimated 1.4 billion people affected. The usual way to fight iron deficiency is iron fortification, but this approach is not always effective and can have undesirable side effects including an increase in the growth and virulence of gut bacterial pathogens responsible for diarrhea and gut inflammation. Iron is mainly absorbed in the duodenum and is tightly regulated in mammals. Unabsorbed iron enters the colonic lumen where many microorganisms, referred to as gut microbiota, reside. Iron is essential for these bacteria, and its availability consequently affects this microbial ecosystem. The aim of this review is to provide further insights into the complex relationship between iron and gut microbiota. Given that overcoming anemia caused by iron deficiency is still a challenge today, gut microbiota could help identify more efficient ways to tackle this public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Seyoum
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Baye
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Christèle Humblot
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
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Comparative Gut Microbiome Differences between Ferric Citrate and Calcium Carbonate Phosphate Binders in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122040. [PMID: 33419265 PMCID: PMC7767080 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may induce chronic inflammation and increase morbidity. Phosphate-binding agents, generally used in patients with CKD, may potentially change the composition of the gut microbiota. This study aimed to compare the microbiota composition in hemodialysis patients treated with ferric citrate or calcium carbonate. The stool microbiota was investigated in hemodialysis patients treated with ferric citrate (n = 8) and calcium carbonate (n = 46) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing profiling using linear discriminant analysis of effect size. Further predictive functional profiling of microbial communities was obtained with Tax4Fun in R. Hemodialysis patients treated with calcium carbonate had a significantly reduced microbial species diversity (Shannon index and Simpson index) and an increased microbial alteration ratio compared with patients treated with ferric citrate. A distinct microbial community structure was found in patients treated with ferric citrate, with an increased abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum and a decreased abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. Members of the order Lactobacillales were enriched in patients treated with calcium carbonate, whereas taxa of the genera Ruminococcaceae UCG-004, Flavonifractor, and Cronobacter were enriched in patients treated with ferric citrate phosphate binder. In conclusion, Ferric citrate therapy results in a more diverse microbiome community compared to calcium carbonate therapy in hemodialysis patients with phosphate binder treatment. The gut microbiome reflects the phosphate binder choice in hemodialysis patients, further affecting the physiological environment in the gastrointestinal tract.
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The Impact of Low-Level Iron Supplements on the Faecal Microbiota of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Donors Using In Vitro Batch Cultures. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123819. [PMID: 33327501 PMCID: PMC7764926 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrous iron supplementation has been reported to adversely alter the gut microbiota in infants. To date, the impact of iron on the adult microbiota is limited, particularly at low supplementary concentrations. The aim of this research was to explore the impact of low-level iron supplementation on the gut microbiota of healthy and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) volunteers. Anaerobic, pH-controlled in vitro batch cultures were inoculated with faeces from healthy or IBS donors along with iron (ferrous sulphate, nanoparticulate iron and pea ferritin (50 μmol−1 iron)). The microbiota were explored by fluorescence in situ hybridisation coupled with flow cytometry. Furthermore, metabolite production was assessed by gas chromatography. IBS volunteers had different starting microbial profiles to healthy controls. The sources of iron did not negatively impact the microbial population, with results of pea ferritin supplementation being similar to nanoparticulate iron, whilst ferrous sulphate led to enhanced Bacteroides spp. The metabolite data suggested no shift to potentially negative proteolysis. The results indicate that low doses of iron from the three sources were not detrimental to the gut microbiota. This is the first time that pea ferritin fermentation has been tested and indicates that low dose supplementation of iron is unlikely to be detrimental to the gut microbiota.
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Abstract
Iron supplementation and fortification are used to treat iron deficiency, which is often associated with gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Within the gut, commensal bacteria contribute to maintaining systemic iron homeostasis. Disturbances that lead to excess iron promote the replication and virulence of enteric pathogens. Consequently, research has been interested in better understanding the effects of iron supplementation and fortification on gut bacterial composition and overall gut health. While animal and human trials have shown seemingly conflicting results, these studies emphasize how numerous factors influence gut microbial composition. Understanding how different iron formulations and doses impact specific bacteria will improve the outcomes of iron supplementation and fortification in humans. Furthermore, discerning the nuances of iron supplementation and fortification will benefit subpopulations that currently do not respond well to treatment.
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Iguchi A, Yamamoto S, Oda A, Tanaka K, Kazama JJ, Saeki T, Yamazaki H, Ishioka K, Suzutani T, Narita I. Effect of sucroferric oxyhydroxide on gastrointestinal microbiome and uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 24:725-733. [PMID: 32285213 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal microbiome is thought to be associated with increased production of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SFO), an iron-based phosphate binder, may affect the gastrointestinal microbiome and the production of uremic toxins. We aimed to examine whether SFO administration affected distribution of gastrointestinal microbiome and serum uremic toxin levels in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS In this single-center, open-label, interventional study, 18 maintenance hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia were prescribed with SFO. We collected serum samples before and after 3 months of administration, and serum levels of IS and PCS were measured. A control group of 20 hemodialysis patients without SFO was evaluated. We evaluated gastrointestinal microbiome of patients pre- and post-SFO administration by 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Serum IS and PCS levels were significantly elevated after administration of SFO (IS before 2.52 ± 1.60 mg/dl vs. after 3.13 ± 1.51 mg/dl, P = 0.008; PCS before 2.32 ± 2.44 mg/dl vs. after 3.45 ± 2.11 mg/dl, P = 0.002), while serum IS and PCS levels did not change in the control group. Microbiome analysis in the SFO group showed no significant change in diversity and major components in phylum, class, order, family, gene, and species. CONCLUSION Administration of SFO increased the serum levels of IS and PCS with no change of major components of gastrointestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagaoka Red-Cross Hospital, 2-297-1 Sensyu, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2085, Japan.
| | - Suguru Yamamoto
- Division of Blood Purification Therapy, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Oda
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Junichiro James Kazama
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takako Saeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagaoka Red-Cross Hospital, 2-297-1 Sensyu, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2085, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagaoka Red-Cross Hospital, 2-297-1 Sensyu, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2085, Japan
| | - Ken Ishioka
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Suzutani
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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Hepcidin and Erythroferrone Correlate with Hepatic Iron Transporters in Rats Supplemented with Multispecies Probiotics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071674. [PMID: 32260496 PMCID: PMC7180848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of probiotic supplementation on iron metabolism remains poorly investigated. However, a range of studies, especially on Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp229v), have indicated a possible positive impact of probiotics on iron absorption. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of multistrain probiotic supply on iron balance. Thirty Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: placebo (KK group), and multistrain probiotic per os in a daily dose of 2.5 × 109 colony forming units (CFU) (PA group) or 1 × 1010 CFU (PB group). Multistrain probiotic consisted of nine bacterial strains: Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, B. lactis W51, B. lactis W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, L. brevis W63, L. casei W56, L. salivarius W24, Lactococcus lactis W19, and Lc. lactis W58, in equal proportions. After six weeks, blood and organ samples were collected. No differences were found between the three groups in terms of serum concentrations of hepcidin (HEPC), lactoferrin (LTF), homocysteine (HCY), ferritin (Ft), or erythroferrone (ErFe), or in liver content of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), transferrin receptors 1 and 2 (TfR), or ZRT/IRT-like protein 14 (ZIP14) proteins. In the overall sample, positive correlations were noted between the serum concentrations of hepcidin and lactoferrin, and hepcidin and ferritin; serum concentration of hepcidin and DMT1 and TfR1 in the liver; and serum concentration of erythroferrone and TfR2 in the liver. The correlations of serum hepcidin and erythroferrone with liver DMT1 and TfR represent significant mechanisms of Fe homeostasis. Our study has shown that multistrain probiotic supplementation used in the experiment did not disrupt the biochemical and hepatic regulatory processes of Fe balance and did not demonstrate significant influence on selected parameters of Fe metabolism.
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Skrypnik K, Bogdański P, Schmidt M, Suliburska J. The Effect of Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation on Iron Status in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:234-243. [PMID: 30746586 PMCID: PMC6820595 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-1658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A range of interactions between gut microbiota and iron (Fe) metabolism is described. Oral probiotics ameliorate host's iron status. However, this has been proven for single-strain probiotic supplements. Dose-dependence of beneficial probiotic supplementation effect on iron turnover remains unexplored. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of oral multispecies probiotic supplementation in two doses on iron status in rats. Thirty rats were randomized into three groups receiving multispecies probiotic supplement at a daily dose of 2.5 × 109 CFU (PA group, n = 10) and 1 × 1010 CFU (PB group, n = 10) or placebo (KK group, n = 10). After 6 weeks, rats were sacrificed for analysis, blood samples, and organs (the liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, femur, testicles, duodenum, and hair) were collected. The total fecal bacteria content was higher in the PB group vs. PA group. Unsaturated iron-binding capacity was higher in the PB group vs. KK group. Serum Fe was lower in both PA and PB vs. KK group. Iron content in the liver was higher in the PB group vs. KK group; in the pancreas, this was higher in the PB group vs. the KK and PA group, and in the duodenum, it was higher in both supplemented groups vs. the KK group. A range of alterations in zinc and copper status and correlations between analyzed parameters were found. Oral multispecies probiotic supplementation exerts dose-independent and beneficial effect on iron bioavailability and duodenal iron absorption in the rat model, induces a dose-independent iron shift from serum and intensifies dose-dependent pancreatic and liver iron uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skrypnik
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego St. 82/84, 60-569, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 48, Poznan, 60-627, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland
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29
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Knight LC, Wang M, Donovan SM, Dilger RN. Early-Life Iron Deficiency and Subsequent Repletion Alters Development of the Colonic Microbiota in the Pig. Front Nutr 2019; 6:120. [PMID: 31440513 PMCID: PMC6692694 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency worldwide, affecting over two billion people. Early-life iron deficiency may alter the developing microbiota, which may or may not be reversible with subsequent dietary iron repletion. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether early-life iron deficiency and subsequent repletion alter colonic microbial composition and fermentation end-product concentrations in pigs. Methods: Forty-two male pigs received either control (CONT, 21.3 mg Fe/L) or iron-deficient (ID, 2.72 mg Fe/L) milk replacer treatments from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 32. Subsequently, 20 pigs continued through a series of age-appropriate, iron-adequate diets from PND 33 to 61. Contents from the ascending colon (AC) and rectum (feces) were collected at PND 32 and/or 61. Assessments included microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations by gas chromatography methods. Data were analyzed using a 1-way ANOVA and PERMANOVA to assess the main effects of early-life iron status on all outcomes. Results: In AC samples, 15 genera differed (P < 0.05) between ID and CONT pigs, while 27 genera differed (P < 0.05) in fecal samples at PND 32. Early-life ID pigs had higher (P = 0.012) relative abundance of Lactobacillus in AC samples compared with CONT pigs. In feces, ID pigs had lower (P < 0.05) relative abundances of Bacteroides and Clostridium from the families of Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. At PND 61, only two genera differed between treatment groups in AC samples, with ID pigs having a higher (P = 0.043) relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and lower (P = 0.047) relative abundance of Prevotella. Beta diversity differed at PND 32 in both AC and feces between CONT and ID pigs but no differences remained at PND 61. At PND 32, the total VFA concentration was higher in ID pigs compared with CONT pigs in both AC (P = 0.003) and feces (P = 0.001), but no differences in VFA concentrations persisted to PND 61. Conclusion: Early-life iron status influenced microbial composition and VFA concentrations within the large intestine, but these differences were largely normalized following subsequent dietary iron repletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Knight
- Piglet Nutrition & Cognition Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Piglet Nutrition & Cognition Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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Lewis ED, Wu D, Mason JB, Chishti AH, Leong JM, Barger K, Meydani SN, Combs GF. Safe and effective delivery of supplemental iron to healthy older adults: The double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial protocol of the Safe Iron Study. Gates Open Res 2019; 3:1510. [PMID: 33655197 PMCID: PMC7890045 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13039.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The forms of iron currently available to correct iron deficiency have adverse effects, including infectious diarrhea, increased susceptibility to malaria, inflammation and detrimental changes to the gut microbiome. These adverse effects limit their use such that the growing burden of iron deficiency has not abated in recent decades. Here, we summarize the protocol of the "Safe Iron Study", the first clinical study examining the safety and efficacy of novel forms of iron in healthy, iron-replete adults. The Safe Iron Study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Boston, MA, USA. This study compares ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO 4·H 2O) with two novel forms of iron supplements (iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT) and organic fungal iron metabolite (Aspiron™ Natural Koji Iron)). In Phase I, we will compare each source of iron administrated at a low dose (60 mg Fe/day). We will also determine the effect of FeSO 4 co-administrated with a multiple micronutrient powder and weekly administration of FeSO 4. The forms of iron found to produce no adverse effects or adverse effects no greater than FeSO 4 in Phase I, Phase II will evaluate a higher, i.e., a therapeutic dose (120 mg Fe/day). The primary outcomes of this study include ex vivo malaria ( Plasmodium falciparum) infectivity of host erythrocytes, ex vivo bacterial proliferation (of selected species) in presence of host plasma and intestinal inflammation assessed by fecal calprotectin. This study will test the hypotheses that the novel forms of iron, administered at equivalent doses to FeSO 4, will produce similar increases in iron status in iron-replete subjects, yet lower increases in ex vivo malaria infectivity, ex vivo bacterial proliferation, gut inflammation. Ultimately, this study seeks to contribute to development of safe and effective forms of supplemental iron to address the global burden of iron deficiency and anemia. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03212677; registered: 11 July 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D. Lewis
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Joel B. Mason
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Athar H. Chishti
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - John M. Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Kathryn Barger
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Simin N. Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Gerald F. Combs
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
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31
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Ellermann M, Gharaibeh RZ, Maharshak N, Peréz-Chanona E, Jobin C, Carroll IM, Arthur JC, Plevy SE, Fodor AA, Brouwer CR, Sartor RB. Dietary iron variably modulates assembly of the intestinal microbiota in colitis-resistant and colitis-susceptible mice. Gut Microbes 2019; 11:32-50. [PMID: 31179826 PMCID: PMC6973310 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1599794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency, a common comorbidity of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), is often treated with oral iron supplementation. However, the safety of oral iron supplementation remains controversial because of its association with exacerbated disease activity in a subset of IBD patients. Because iron modulates bacterial growth and function, one possible mechanism by which iron may exacerbate inflammation in susceptible hosts is by modulating the intestinal microbiota. We, therefore, investigated the impact of dietary iron on the intestinal microbiota, utilizing the conventionalization of germ-free mice as a model of a microbial community in compositional flux to recapitulate the instability of the IBD-associated intestinal microbiota. Our findings demonstrate that altering intestinal iron availability during community assembly modulated the microbiota in non-inflamed wild type (WT) and colitis-susceptible interleukin-10-deficient (Il10-/-) mice. Depletion of luminal iron availability promoted luminal compositional changes associated with dysbiotic states irrespective of host genotype, including an expansion of Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli. Mechanistic in vitro growth competitions confirmed that high-affinity iron acquisition systems in E. coli enhance its abundance over other bacteria in iron-restricted conditions, thereby enabling pathobiont iron scavenging during dietary iron restriction. In contrast, distinct luminal community assembly was observed with dietary iron supplementation in WT versus Il10-/- mice, suggesting that the effects of increased iron on the microbiota differ with host inflammation status. Taken together, shifts in dietary iron intake during community assembly modulate the ecological structure of the intestinal microbiota and is dependent on host genotype and inflammation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ellermann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raad Z. Gharaibeh
- Bioinformatics Services Division, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, NC, USA,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Nitsan Maharshak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, USA
| | - Ernesto Peréz-Chanona
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ian M. Carroll
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janelle C. Arthur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott E Plevy
- Immunology Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Anthony A. Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Cory R. Brouwer
- Bioinformatics Services Division, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, NC, USA,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,CONTACT R. Balfour Sartor Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Room 7309A Biomolecular Building, CB# 7032, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7032, USA
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Smith AD, Panickar KS, Urban JF, Dawson HD. Impact of Micronutrients on the Immune Response of Animals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 6:227-254. [PMID: 29447473 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins and minerals (micronutrients) play an important role in regulating and shaping an immune response. Deficiencies generally result in inadequate or dysregulated cellular activity and cytokine expression, thereby affecting the immune response. Decreased levels of natural killer, granulocyte, and phagocytic cell activity and T and B cell proliferation and trafficking are associated with inadequate levels of micronutrients, as well as increased susceptibility to various adverse health conditions, including inflammatory disorders, infection, and altered vaccine efficacy. In addition, most studies of micronutrient modulation of immune responses have been done in rodents and humans, thus limiting application to the health and well-being of livestock and companion animals. This exploratory review elucidates the role of vitamins and minerals on immune function and inflammatory responses in animals (pigs, dogs, cats, horses, goats, sheep, and cattle), with reference to rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen D Smith
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA;
| | - Kiran S Panickar
- Science & Technology Center, Hills Pet Nutrition Center, Topeka, Kansas 66617, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA;
| | - Harry D Dawson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA;
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Pereira DI, Mohammed NI, Ofordile O, Camara F, Baldeh B, Mendy T, Sanyang C, Jallow AT, Hossain I, Wason J, Prentice AM. A novel nano-iron supplement to safely combat iron deficiency and anaemia in young children: The IHAT-GUT double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial protocol. Gates Open Res 2018; 2:48. [PMID: 30569038 PMCID: PMC6266659 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12866.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency and its associated anaemia (IDA) are the leading forms of micronutrient malnutrition worldwide. Here we describe the rationale and design of the first clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of an innovative nano iron supplement, iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT), for the treatment of IDA in young children (IHAT-GUT trial). Oral iron is often ineffective due to poor absorption and/or gastrointestinal adverse effects. IHAT is novel since it is effectively absorbed whilst remaining nanoparticulate in the gut, therefore should enable supplementation with fewer symptoms. Methods: IHAT-GUT is a three-arm, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase II trial conducted in Gambian children 6-35 months of age. The intervention consists of a 12-week supplementation with either IHAT, ferrous sulphate (both at doses bioequivalent to 12.5 mg Fe/day) or placebo. The trial aims to include 705 children with IDA who will be randomly assigned (1:1:1) to each arm. The primary objectives are to test non-inferiority of IHAT in relation to ferrous sulphate at treating IDA, and to test superiority of IHAT in relation to ferrous sulphate and non-inferiority in relation to placebo in terms of diarrhoea incidence and prevalence. Secondary objectives are mechanistic assessments, to test whether IHAT reduces the burden of enteric pathogens, morbidity, and intestinal inflammation, and that it does not cause detrimental changes to the gut microbiome, particularly in relation to Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Discussion: This trial will test the hypothesis that supplementation with IHAT eliminates iron deficiency and improves haemoglobin levels without inducing gastrointestinal adverse effects. If shown to be the case, this would open the possibility for further testing and use of IHAT as a novel iron source for micronutrient intervention strategies in resource-poor countries, with the ultimate aim to help reduce the IDA global burden. Registration: This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT02941081).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora I.A. Pereira
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Nuredin I. Mohammed
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ogochukwu Ofordile
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Famalang Camara
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Bakary Baldeh
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Thomas Mendy
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Chilel Sanyang
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Amadou T. Jallow
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ilias Hossain
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - James Wason
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4BN, UK
| | - Andrew M. Prentice
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
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Pereira DIA, Mohammed NI, Ofordile O, Camara F, Baldeh B, Mendy T, Sanyang C, Jallow AT, Hossain I, Wason J, Prentice AM. A novel nano-iron supplement to safely combat iron deficiency and anaemia in young children: The IHAT-GUT double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial protocol. Gates Open Res 2018. [PMID: 30569038 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12866.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency and its associated anaemia (IDA) are the leading forms of micronutrient malnutrition worldwide. Here we describe the rationale and design of the first clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of an innovative nano iron supplement, iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT), for the treatment of IDA in young children (IHAT-GUT trial). Oral iron is often ineffective due to poor absorption and/or gastrointestinal adverse effects. IHAT is novel since it is effectively absorbed whilst remaining nanoparticulate in the gut, therefore should enable supplementation with fewer symptoms. Methods: IHAT-GUT is a three-arm, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase II trial conducted in Gambian children 6-35 months of age. The intervention consists of a 12-week supplementation with either IHAT, ferrous sulphate (both at doses bioequivalent to 12.5 mg Fe/day) or placebo. The trial aims to include 705 children with IDA who will be randomly assigned (1:1:1) to each arm. The primary objectives are to test non-inferiority of IHAT in relation to ferrous sulphate at treating IDA, and to test superiority of IHAT in relation to ferrous sulphate and non-inferiority in relation to placebo in terms of diarrhoea incidence and prevalence. Secondary objectives are mechanistic assessments, to test whether IHAT reduces the burden of enteric pathogens, morbidity, and intestinal inflammation, and that it does not cause detrimental changes to the gut microbiome, particularly in relation to Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Discussion: This trial will test the hypothesis that supplementation with IHAT eliminates iron deficiency and improves haemoglobin levels without inducing gastrointestinal adverse effects. If shown to be the case, this would open the possibility for further testing and use of IHAT as a novel iron source for micronutrient intervention strategies in resource-poor countries, with the ultimate aim to help reduce the IDA global burden. Registration: This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT02941081).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora I A Pereira
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.,Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Nuredin I Mohammed
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ogochukwu Ofordile
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Famalang Camara
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Bakary Baldeh
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Thomas Mendy
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Chilel Sanyang
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Amadou T Jallow
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ilias Hossain
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - James Wason
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.,Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4BN, UK
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
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Abstract
Iron deficiency remains the largest nutritional deficiency worldwide and the main cause of anaemia. Severe iron deficiency leads to anaemia known as iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), which affects a total of 1·24 billion people, the majority of whom are children and women from resource-poor countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, iron deficiency is frequently exacerbated by concomitant parasitic and bacterial infections and contributes to over 120 000 maternal deaths a year, while it irreparably limits the cognitive development of children and leads to poor outcomes in pregnancy.Currently available iron compounds are cheap and readily available, but constitute a non-physiological approach to providing iron that leads to significant side effects. Consequently, iron deficiency and IDA remain without an effective treatment, particularly in populations with high burden of infectious diseases. So far, despite considerable investment in the past 25 years in nutrition interventions with iron supplementation and fortification, we have been unable to significantly decrease the burden of this disease in resource-poor countries.If we are to eliminate this condition in the future, it is imperative to look beyond the strategies used until now and we should make an effort to combine community engagement and social science approaches to optimise supplementation and fortification programmes.
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Reddy MB, Armah SM. Impact of Iron-Enriched Aspergillus oryzae on Iron Bioavailability, Safety, and Gut Microbiota in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6213-6218. [PMID: 29852063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a leading global nutritional problem. Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) is the most common iron source used for supplementation. Because of many side effects associated with its consumption, it is important to identify new forms of iron. The objectives of this study were to assess the bioavailability of iron-enriched Aspergillus oryzae, Aspiron (ASP), evaluate the toxicity of high-dose iron supplementation with ASP, and determine the ASP impact on gut microbiota in rats. In this study, we investigated iron bioavailability using the hemoglobin repletion test. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and blood urea nitrogen levels were determined to evaluate the effect on liver and kidney functions. Protein carbonyls were measured to assess oxidative damage to proteins. Fecal samples at the end of the 14 day repletion period were used for 16S rRNA sequencing for gut microbiota analysis. The slope ratio method using a common intercept linear regression model was used to compare the bioavailability of ASP to FeSO4. Iron repletion increased hemoglobin concentrations with both ASP and FeSO4 treatments compared to the control group, except in the lowest ASP group. The slope ratio indicated that relative iron bioavailability of ASP was 60% of that of FeSO4 when hemoglobin change was compared to iron in the diet. Similar results were obtained when absolute iron intake was compared on the basis of food consumption. In comparison to the control, protein carbonyl concentrations were significantly ( p < 0.05) higher in the FeSO4 group but not with the ASP group. Supplementation with both sources of iron reduced the Enterobacteriaceae population in the gut microbiota of the rats. A higher relative abundance of bacteria from the phylum Verrucomicrobia was also observed with the highest dose of ASP. Iron-enriched A. oryzae with 60% relative bioavailability of FeSO4 did not show any signs of adverse effects after 14 days of iron supplementation. Future human studies are needed to understand the ASP detailed effect on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju B Reddy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Iowa State University , 706 Morrill Road , 220 Mackay Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Seth M Armah
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Iowa State University , 706 Morrill Road , 220 Mackay Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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Skrypnik K, Suliburska J. Association between the gut microbiota and mineral metabolism. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:2449-2460. [PMID: 28991359 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present the most recent scientific evidence of interactions between the intestinal microbiota and minerals, and the effect of this interaction on the health of the host. The Web of Science database from the years 2013-2017 on this topic was reviewed. Numerous in vitro studies have shown that iron significantly affects the intestinal microbiota. However, Bifidobacteriaceae are capable of binding iron in the large intestine, thereby limiting the formation of free radicals synthesized in the presence of iron, and thus reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. Animal studies have revealed that supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics has a significant effect on bone calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism. The dynamic interaction between microbiota and zinc was shown. Human studies have provided evidence of the influence of probiotic bacteria on parathormone, calcium and phosphate levels and thus on bone resorption. Recent studies have produced new information mainly on the impact of the intestinal bacteria on the metabolism of calcium and iron. From a scientific perspective, the most urgent fields that remain to be investigated are the identification of all human gut microbes and new therapies targeting the interaction between intestinal bacteria and minerals. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skrypnik
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Westmeier D, Hahlbrock A, Reinhardt C, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Wessler S, Vallet C, Pöschl U, Knauer SK, Stauber RH. Nanomaterial–microbe cross-talk: physicochemical principles and (patho)biological consequences. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5312-5337. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00691d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NPs’ characteristics impact their spontaneous binding to microbes, which may affect the (patho)biological identity of both NP and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Westmeier
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT
- University Medical Center of Mainz
- 55101 Mainz
- Germany
| | - A. Hahlbrock
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT
- University Medical Center of Mainz
- 55101 Mainz
- Germany
| | - C. Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis
- University Medical Center Mainz
- 55101 Mainz
- Germany
| | - J. Fröhlich-Nowoisky
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - S. Wessler
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg
- A-5020 Salzburg
- Austria
| | - C. Vallet
- Institute for Molecular Biology
- CENIDE
- University Duisburg-Essen
- 45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - U. Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - S. K. Knauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology
- CENIDE
- University Duisburg-Essen
- 45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - R. H. Stauber
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT
- University Medical Center of Mainz
- 55101 Mainz
- Germany
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Stress and stability: applying the Anna Karenina principle to animal microbiomes. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:17121. [DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Iron Supplements Modulate Colon Microbiota Composition and Potentiate the Protective Effects of Probiotics in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-induced Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:753-766. [PMID: 28368910 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is an important nutrient for both the host and colonizing bacteria. Oral iron supplementation may impact the composition of the microbiota and can be particularly damaging to patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, patients with IBD may require iron supplementation to treat their anemia. METHODS We fed mice with diets supplemented with ferrous sulfate at different doses (5, 50, and 500 mg of iron/kg chow) and with different iron formulations (ferrous sulfate, ferrous bisglycinate and ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [FEDTA]), and analyzed the effects on the composition of the gut microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Using the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, we investigated the effects of iron supplementation in colitis severity, as well as the use of the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in combination with iron supplementation. RESULTS Iron supplementation at different doses induced shifts in the gut microbial communities and inferred metabolic pathways. However, depending on the iron formulation used in the diets, iron supplementation during dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis was either beneficial (ferrous bisglycinate) or highly detrimental (FEDTA). Finally, the beneficial effect of the probiotic EcN in the dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model was potentiated by oral iron supplementation with ferrous sulfate. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the iron formulations used to treat iron deficiency influence the gut microbiota and colitis in mice and suggest that distinct iron compounds may be of particular relevance to patients with IBD. In addition, the beneficial action of probiotics in IBD may be enhanced by oral iron supplementation.
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Bioavailability of iron multi-amino acid chelate preparation in mice and human duodenal HuTu 80 cells. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:767-774. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStrategies for preventing Fe deficiency include Fe supplementation and Fe fortification of foods. The absorption, metabolism and chemical characteristics of Fe multi-amino acid chelate (IMAAC) are not known. Absorption of IMAAC was compared with FeSO4in Fe-depleted mice andin vitrochemical studies of the Fe supplement was performed in HuTu 80 cells. Hb repletion study was carried out in Fe-deficient CD1 mice that were fed for 10 d a diet supplemented with ferrous IMAAC or FeSO4. A control group of Fe-replete mice was fed a diet with adequate Fe concentrations throughout the study. Tissues were collected from the mice, and the expression of Fe-related genes was determined by quantitative PCR. Ferric reductase and Fe uptake were evaluated in HuTu 80 cells. Supplementation of the diet with FeSO4or IMAAC significantly increased Hb levels (P<0·001) in Fe-deficient mice from initial 93·9 (SD10·8) or 116·2 (SD9·1) to 191 (SD0·7) or 200 (SD0·5) g/l, respectively. Initial and final Hb for the Fe-deficient control group were 87·4 (SD6·7) and 111 (SD11·7) g/l, respectively. Furthermore, the liver non-haem Fe of both supplement groups increased significantly (P<0·001). IMAAC was more effective at restoring Fe in the spleen compared with FeSO4(P<0·005). Gene expression showed the IMAAC supplement absorption is regulated by the body’s Fe status as it significantly up-regulated hepcidin (P<0·001) and down-regulated duodenal cytochrome b mRNA (P<0·005), similar to the effects seen with FeSO4. A significant proportion of Fe in IMAAC is reduced by ascorbic acid. Fe absorption in mice and cells was similar for both IMAAC and FeSO4and both compounds induce and regulate Fe metabolism genes similarly in the maintenance of homeostasis in mice.
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Ellermann M, Arthur JC. Siderophore-mediated iron acquisition and modulation of host-bacterial interactions. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:68-78. [PMID: 27780750 PMCID: PMC5401654 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for most life forms including the majority of resident bacteria of the microbiota and their mammalian hosts. Bacteria have evolved numerous mechanisms to competitively acquire iron within host environments, such as the secretion of small molecules known as siderophores that can solubilize iron for bacterial use. However, siderophore biosynthesis and acquisition is not a capability equally harbored by all resident bacteria. Moreover, the structural diversity of siderophores creates variability in the susceptibility to host mechanisms that serve to counteract siderophore-mediated iron acquisition and limit bacterial growth. As a result, the differential capabilities to acquire iron among members of a complex microbial community carry important implications for the growth and function of resident bacteria. Siderophores can also directly influence host function by modulating cellular iron homeostasis, further providing a mechanism by which resident bacteria may influence their local environment at the host-microbial interface. This review will explore the putative mechanisms by which siderophore production by resident bacteria in the intestines may influence microbial community dynamics and host-bacterial interactions with important implications for pathogen- and microbiota-driven diseases including infection, inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ellermann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janelle C Arthur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Kortman GAM, Reijnders D, Swinkels DW. Oral iron supplementation: Potential implications for the gut microbiome and metabolome in patients with CKD. Hemodial Int 2017; 21 Suppl 1:S28-S36. [PMID: 28328083 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and loss of kidney function are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The risks of CKD are attributed to "uremia," an increased concentration of uremic retention solutes (toxins) in the plasma. Recently, a colo-renal axis became clearly apparent and uremia has been associated with an altered gut microbiome composition and metabolism. There is a high prevalence of anemia in patients with CKD, for which patients are often treated with oral or intravenous iron. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have reported adverse effects of oral iron supplementation on the gut microbiota composition, gut metabolome, and intestinal health, which in turn may result in an increased production of uremic toxins. It may also affect circulating levels of other microbe-derived molecules, that can act as mediators of immune regulation. Changes in body iron levels have also been reported to exert subtle effects on host immune function by modulating immune cell proliferation and differentiation, and by directly regulating cytokine formation and antimicrobial immune effector mechanisms. Based on the foregoing it is conceivable that oral iron supplementation in iron deficient predialysis CKD patients adversely changes gut microbiota composition, the gut and systemic metabolome, and host immunity and infection. Future studies are needed to confirm these hypotheses and to assess whether, compared to IV iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation negatively impacts on morbidity of CKD, and whether these adverse effects depend on the iron bioavailability of the iron formulation to the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus A M Kortman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Translational Metabolic Laboratory-830, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Reijnders
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Translational Metabolic Laboratory-830, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Effect of Vitamin E With Therapeutic Iron Supplementation on Iron Repletion and Gut Microbiome in US Iron Deficient Infants and Toddlers. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 63:379-85. [PMID: 27548249 PMCID: PMC4994979 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron therapy induces inflammation, which could decrease iron absorption. Increased exposure of iron in the gut could also alter microbiome file. Providing antioxidants such as vitamin E with iron therapy has been associated with reduced oxidative potential. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of adding vitamin E to therapeutic iron therapy on iron repletion, inflammation markers, and gut microbiome in iron-deficient infants and toddlers. DESIGN This was a randomized, double-blind, control trial in which infants and toddlers (Denver, CO metro area) who were at risk of iron deficiency were screened. Eligible participants were randomized to receive iron therapy (6 mg · kg · day) plus placebo (n = 22) or iron (6 mg · kg · day) and vitamin E (18 mg/day, n = 14) for 8 weeks. Iron and inflammation status, and gut microbiome (16S sequencing) were analyzed in all participants before and after the treatment. RESULTS After 8 weeks of treatment, average serum ferritin level returned to normal for both iron + placebo and iron + vitamin E groups at 33.3 ± 20.2 and 33.5 ± 21.5 μg/L, respectively. Serum vitamin E concentration increased in iron + vitamin E group. No change over time was observed regarding serum interleukin-4, tumor necrosis factor-α, or fecal calprotectin. The relative abundance of the genus Roseburia (phylum Firmicutes), a butyrate producer, increased in the Fe + E group (Δ1.3%, P < 0.01). Also at the genus level, the genus Escherichia decreased by 1.2% on average among all participants (effect of time P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Using a therapeutic iron dose of 6 mg · kg · day is effective in treating iron deficiency during an 8-week period, without inducing persistent inflammatory response. Changes of the gut microbiome raised the possibility that antioxidant therapy in conjunction with therapeutic iron supplementation could potentially improve microbial community profiles in the intestinal tract.
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Pietroiusti A, Magrini A, Campagnolo L. New frontiers in nanotoxicology: Gut microbiota/microbiome-mediated effects of engineered nanomaterials. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 299:90-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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