1
|
Wang Y, Chen SJ, Ma T, Long Q, Chen L, Xu KX, Cao Y. Promotion of apoptosis in melanoma cells by taxifolin through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: Screening of natural products using WGCNA and CMAP platforms. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112517. [PMID: 38924866 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is a skin cancer originating from melanocytes. The global incidence rate of melanoma is rapidly increasing, posing significant public health challenges. Identifying effective therapeutic agents is crucial in addressing this growing problem. Natural products have demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity. In this study, a plant flavonoid, taxifolin, was screened using Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) in combination with the Connectivity Map (CMAP) platform. Taxifolin was confirmed to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of melanoma A375 and MV-3 cells by promoting apoptosis. Additionally, it suppressed the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process of melanoma cells. Cyber pharmacological analysis revealed that taxifolin exerts its inhibitory effect on melanoma through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, specifically by downregulating the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Notably, the addition of SC-79, an activator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, reversed the effects of taxifolin on cell migration and apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that taxifolin treatment slowed tumor growth in mice without significant toxic effects. Based on these findings, taxifolin holds promise as a potential drug for melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shao-Jie Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Gui Medical Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Ting Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiu Long
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Lan Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Ke-Xin Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Gui Medical Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoon SJ, Yu JS, Min BH, Gupta H, Won SM, Park HJ, Han SH, Kim BY, Kim KH, Kim BK, Joung HC, Park TS, Ham YL, Lee DY, Suk KT. Bifidobacterium-derived short-chain fatty acids and indole compounds attenuate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating gut-liver axis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1129904. [PMID: 36937300 PMCID: PMC10014915 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidences about gut-microbial modulation have been accumulated in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluated the effect of Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum on the NAFLD pathology and explore the molecular mechanisms based on multi-omics approaches. Human stool analysis [healthy subjects (n = 25) and NAFLD patients (n = 32)] was performed to select NAFLD-associated microbiota. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal chow diet (NC), Western diet (WD), and WD with B. breve (BB) or B. longum (BL; 109 CFU/g) for 8 weeks. Liver/body weight ratio, histopathology, serum/tool analysis, 16S rRNA-sequencing, and metabolites were examined and compared. The BB and BL groups showed improved liver histology and function based on liver/body ratios (WD 7.07 ± 0.75, BB 5.27 ± 0.47, and BL 4.86 ± 0.57) and NAFLD activity scores (WD 5.00 ± 0.10, BB 1.89 ± 1.45, and BL 1.90 ± 0.99; p < 0.05). Strain treatment showed ameliorative effects on gut barrier function. Metagenomic analysis showed treatment-specific changes in taxonomic composition. The community was mainly characterized by the significantly higher composition of the Bacteroidetes phylum among the NC and probiotic-feeding groups. Similarly, the gut metabolome was modulated by probiotics treatment. In particular, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites were reverted to normal levels by probiotics, whereas bile acids were partially normalized to those of the NC group. The analysis of gene expression related to lipid and glucose metabolism as well as the immune response indicated the coordinative regulation of β-oxidation, lipogenesis, and systemic inflammation by probiotic treatment. BB and BL attenuate NAFLD by improving microbiome-associated factors of the gut-liver axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Yoon
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Yu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hyun Min
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haripriya Gupta
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Won
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hak Han
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Healthcare Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kook Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chae Joung
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lim Ham
- Department of Nursing, Daewon University College, Jecheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Do Yup Lee,
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Ki Tae Su,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khalil HE, Abdelwahab MF, Ibrahim HIM, AlYahya KA, Altaweel AA, Alasoom AJ, Burshed HA, Alshawush MM, Waz S. Cichoriin, a Biocoumarin, Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Associated Adverse Dysfunctions on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1731. [PMID: 36362887 PMCID: PMC9694194 DOI: 10.3390/life12111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunctions linked to obesity carry the risk of co-morbidities such as diabetes, hepatorenal, and cardiovascular diseases. Coumarins are believed to display several biological effects on diverse adverse health conditions. This study was conducted to uncover the impact of cichoriin on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Methods: Obesity was induced in twenty rats by exposure to an HFD for six weeks. The rats were randomly divided into five groups; group I comprised five healthy rats and was considered the control one. On the other hand, the HFD-induced rats were divided into the following (five per each group): group II (the HFD group), groups III (cichoriin 50 mg/kg) and IV (cichoriin 100 mg/kg) as the treatment groups, and group V received atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) (as a standard). Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), urea, creatinine, the hepatic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were assessed. Histopathological analysis of the heart, kidney, and liver tissues was investigated. mRNA and protein expressions of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were estimated. Results: The administration of cichoriin alleviated HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions and improved the histopathological characteristics of the heart, kidney, and liver. Additionally, the treatment improved the lipid profile and hepatic and renal functions, as well as the oxidative balance state. Cichoriin demonstrated an upregulation of the mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR-γ. Taken together, these findings are the first report on the beneficial role of cichoriin in alleviating adverse metabolic effects in HFD-induced obesity and adapting it into an innovative obesity management strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany Ezzat Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Miada F. Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hairul-Islam Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Puducherry 605004, India
| | - Khalid A. AlYahya
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 36363, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Abdulhamid Altaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Jalal Alasoom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Ali Burshed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Mohamed Alshawush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Waz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Bobe G, Miranda CL, Lowry MB, Hsu VL, Lohr CV, Wong CP, Jump DB, Robinson MM, Sharpton TJ, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Tetrahydroxanthohumol, a xanthohumol derivative, attenuates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by antagonizing PPARγ. eLife 2021; 10:e66398. [PMID: 34128467 PMCID: PMC8205491 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported xanthohumol (XN), and its synthetic derivative tetrahydro-XN (TXN), attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in C57Bl/6J mice. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of XN and TXN on lipid accumulation in the liver. Non-supplemented mice were unable to adapt their caloric intake to 60% HFD, resulting in obesity and hepatic steatosis; however, TXN reduced weight gain and decreased hepatic steatosis. Liver transcriptomics indicated that TXN might antagonize lipogenic PPARγ actions in vivo. XN and TXN inhibited rosiglitazone-induced 3T3-L1 cell differentiation concomitant with decreased expression of lipogenesis-related genes. A peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) competitive binding assay showed that XN and TXN bind to PPARγ with an IC50 similar to pioglitazone and 8-10 times stronger than oleate. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated that XN and TXN bind in the PPARγ ligand-binding domain pocket. Our findings are consistent with XN and TXN acting as antagonists of PPARγ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Malcolm B Lowry
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Victor L Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Christiane V Lohr
- Department of Biomedical Science, Carlson College of Veterinary MedicineCorvallisUnited States
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Donald B Jump
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Kinesiology Program, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Statistics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vallée A, Vallée JN, Le Blanche A, Lecarpentier Y. PPARγ Agonists: Emergent Therapy in Endometriosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060543. [PMID: 34204039 PMCID: PMC8229142 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the major gynecological diseases of reproductive-age women. This disease is characterized by the presence of glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Several studies have shown the major role of inflammation, angiogenesis, adhesion and invasion, and apoptosis in endometriotic lesions. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying endometriotic mechanisms still remain unclear and therapies are not currently efficient. The introduction of new agents can be effective by improving the condition of patients. PPARγ ligands can directly modulate these pathways in endometriosis. However, data in humans remain low. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the potential actions of PPARγ agonists in endometriosis by acting on inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion, adhesion, and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France;
- DACTIM-Mis, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Alain Le Blanche
- Laboratoire CeRSM (EA-2931), UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, F92000 Nanterre, France;
- Hôpital René-Dubos de Pontoise and Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Simone Veil UFR des Sciences de la Santé, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Joubert E, Muller CJF, Louw J, Tiano L, Nkambule BB, Kappo AP, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. Isoorientin: A dietary flavone with the potential to ameliorate diverse metabolic complications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104867. [PMID: 32407953 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isoorientin is a natural C-glucosyl flavone that is generating a lot of interest due to its multiple pharmacological activities. Increasing experimental data have shown that the robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of isoorientin remain important in ameliorating a number of metabolic complications. In fact, plants rich in isoorientin have demonstrated strong ameliorative properties against complications such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. However, while such evidence is accumulating, it has not been reviewed to better inform on the therapeutic potential of this flavone in improving human health. This review examines and extrapolates available literature on the potential beneficial or detrimental effects associated with the use of isoorientin in mitigating metabolic diseases, with a specific focus on diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance, including associated complications. The discussion includes effective doses in various experimental settings and proposed molecular mechanisms by which isoorientin may exert its therapeutic effects. In addition, the protective effects of extracts of a number of isoorientin-rich plants against metabolic complications will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Abidemi P Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu L, Guo C, Wu J. Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2736-2748. [PMID: 32031298 PMCID: PMC7077554 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a vital subtype of the PPAR family. The biological functions are complex and diverse. PPARγ plays a significant role in protecting the liver from inflammation, oxidation, fibrosis, fatty liver and tumours. Natural products are a promising pool for drug discovery, and enormous research effort has been invested in exploring the PPARγ‐activating potential of natural products. In this manuscript, we will review the research progress of PPARγ agonists from natural products in recent years and probe into the application potential and prospects of PPARγ natural agonists in the therapy of various liver diseases, including inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver and liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goto T. A review of the studies on food-derived factors which regulate energy metabolism via the modulation of lipid-sensing nuclear receptors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:579-588. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1559025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Obesity is one of the most important risk factors for chronic metabolic disorders. Molecular mechanisms underlying obesity-related metabolic disorders have not been completely elucidated. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily and are key metabolic regulators of the whole-body energy metabolism. Certain enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are directly regulated by PPARs via their interaction with specific response elements in their gene promoters. Many food factors act as ligands of PPARs and regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by regulating the activities of these nuclear receptors, leading to the attenuation of obesity-related metabolic disorders. In this review, we describe our current knowledge of the role of PPARs in the regulation of whole-body energy metabolism and several examples of food factors that act as ligands of PPARs, which may be useful in the management of obesity and the accompanying energy metabolism abnormalities.
Abbreviations: WAT: white adipose tissue; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor; RXR: retinoid X receptors; mTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; PPRE: PPAR-responsive regulatory elements; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; LPL: lipoprotein lipase; FGF21: fibroblast growth factor 21; BAT: brown adipose tissue; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1; LPC(16:0): 1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine; C/EBP: CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins; STAT5A: signal transduction and activator of transcription 5A; APO apolipoptotein; CBP: cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein; PGC1A: PPARγ coactivator protein 1a; HFD: high-fat diet; TG: triglyceride; VLDL: very low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang Y, Sasaki I, Takeda Y, Zhu B, Munemasa S, Nakamura T, Murata Y, Nakamura Y. Benzyl isothiocyanate ameliorates lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during adipocyte differentiation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:2130-2139. [PMID: 30185113 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1514247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is an organosulfur compound derived from cruciferous vegetables and papaya seeds. In this study, we investigated the effect of BITC on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during adipocyte differentiation. The treatment of BITC during the differentiation-inducing stage significantly ameliorated the lipid accumulation, whereas it had no inhibitory effect during the differentiation-maintaining stage. BITC also significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of the adipocyte-specific markers, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. BITC significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, whereas it enhanced that of AMP-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, BITC significantly suppressed the intracellular 2-deoxyglucose uptake as well as glucose transporter 4 expression. These results suggest that inhibition of the adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake may mainly contribute to the inhibitory effect of BITC on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Abbreviations: PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; CEBP: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; GLUT4: glucose transporter 4; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; MAPK: a mitogen-activated protein kinase; ITCs: isothiocyanates; BITC: benzyl isothiocyanate; FBS: fetal bovine serum; CS: calf serum; AITC: allyl ITC; IBMX: 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; KRH: Krebs-Ringer-Hepes-bicarbonate; 2-DG: 2-deoxy-d-glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama Japan.,b School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian China
| | - Ikumi Sasaki
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama Japan
| | - Yuki Takeda
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama Japan
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- b School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian China
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iwata A, Matsubara S, Miyazaki K. Beneficial effects of a beta-cryptoxanthin-containing beverage on body mass index and visceral fat in pre-obese men: Double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trials. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
11
|
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:6561701. [PMID: 29358945 PMCID: PMC5735692 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6561701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Concurrent to an increase in NAFLD prevalence, there is an increase in the obesity epidemic and the correlated insulin-resistant state. It is a challenge to diagnose NAFLD because many patients are asymptomatic until the later stages of disease. The most common symptoms include fatigue, malaise, and discomfort in the right upper quadrant. The major and most accurate tool to clinically diagnose NAFLD is a liver biopsy, followed by histological analysis. However, this procedure is invasive and often carries a high risk of complications. Currently, there are no officially approved medications for the treatment of NAFLD. Although lifestyle modifications with proper diet and exercise have been shown to be beneficial, this has been difficult to achieve and sustain for many patients. Effective pharmacological treatments are still lacking; therefore, additional research to identify novel drugs is clearly warranted. PPARs are promising drug targets for the management of NAFLD and its related conditions of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies on the association of PPARs and NAFLD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Erfani Majd N, Tabandeh MR, Shahriari A, Soleimani Z. Okra (Abelmoscus esculentus) Improved Islets Structure, and Down-Regulated PPARs Gene Expression in Pancreas of High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 20:31-40. [PMID: 29308616 PMCID: PMC5759678 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a tropical vegetable that is rich in carbohydrates, fibers, proteins and
natural antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Okra powder on pancreatic islets
and its action on the expression of PPAR-γ and PPAR-α genes in pancreas of high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin-
induced diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, diabetes was induced by feeding HFD (60% fat) for 30 days
followed by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg). Okra powder (200 mg/kg) was given orally for 30 days after
diabetes induction. At the end of the experiment, pancreas tissues were removed and stained by haematoxylin and
Eozine and aldehyde fuchsin for determination of the number of β-cells in pancreatic islets. Fasting blood sugar (FBS),
Triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and insulin levels were
measured in serum. Moreover, PPAR-γ and PPAR-α mRNAs expression were measured in pancreas using real time
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.
Results Okra supplementation significantly decreased the elevated levels of FBS, total cholesterol, and TG and attenuated
homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index in diabetic rats. The expression levels of PPAR-γ
and PPAR-α genes that were elevated in diabetic rats, attenuated in okra-treated rats (P<0.05). Furthermore, okra improved
the histological damages of pancreas including vacuolization and decreased β-cells mass, in diabetic rats.
Conclusion Our findings confirmed the potential anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Okra. These changes
were associated with reduced pancreatic tissue damage. Down-regulation of PPARs genes in the pancreas of diabetic
rats after treatment with okra, demonstrates that okra may improve glucose homeostasis and β-cells impairment in
diabetes through a PPAR-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Erfani Majd
- Department of Basic Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Shahriari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Soleimani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun QH, Zhang Y, Chou GX. Synthesis and anti-obesity effects in vivo of Crotadihydrofuran C as a novel PPARγ antagonist from Crotalaria albida. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46735. [PMID: 28436456 PMCID: PMC5402262 DOI: 10.1038/srep46735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crotadihydrofuran C (CC) from the herbs of Crotalaria albida is able to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. However, the effects of CC on obesity and metabolic disorders have not yet been elucidated. In our study, the first enantioselective synthesis of the 2-isopropenyl dihydrofuran isoflavone skeleton (CC) is described. The convenient and efficient synthetic protocols developed skilfully solve the problems of the ortho-para directing group and Suzuki coupling reaction using a boronic acid pinacol ester that was more stable and easy to obtain. Furthermore, CC treatment of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice remarkably reduced their body weight, fat mass, and lipid level as well as improved insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A TR-FRET assay showed that CC was specifically bound to PPARγ LBD, which was further confirmed by the molecular docking study. These results suggest that CC could be a useful and potential natural product for treating metabolic diseases, including obesity, hyperlipidemia insulin resistance and NAFLD, without toxic side-effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Hu Sun
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cai Lun Road 1200, Zhangjiang, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gui-Xin Chou
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cai Lun Road 1200, Zhangjiang, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
González-Mañán D, D'Espessailles A, Dossi CG, San Martín M, Mancilla RA, Tapia GS. Rosa Mosqueta Oil Prevents Oxidative Stress and Inflammation through the Upregulation of PPAR-α and NRF2 in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Nutr 2017; 147:579-588. [PMID: 28298541 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.243261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rosa mosqueta (RM) oil is characterized by high concentrations of antioxidants and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3). We have previously demonstrated in male C57BL/6J mice that RM decreases hepatic steatosis, a condition strongly associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.Objective: We studied the molecular mechanisms that underlie the role of RM in preventing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice aged 28 d and weighing 12-14 g were divided into the following groups and fed for 12 wk: control diet (CD; 10% fat, 20% protein, and 70% carbohydrates); CD + RM (1.94 mg ALA ⋅ g body weight-1 ⋅ d-1 administered by oral gavage); HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates); and HFD + RM. General parameters (body weight, visceral fat, and histology); glucose metabolism [homeostasis model assessment and blood glucose area under the curve (AUC)]; oxidative stress [hepatic nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) concentrations]; and inflammation [hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) concentrations, blood tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) concentrations, and Tnfa and Il1b mRNA expression in liver and visceral adipose tissue] were evaluated.Results: In the HFD + RM mice, the final body weight (24.8 ± 1.1 g) was 19% lower than in the HFD mice (30.6 ± 2.8 g) (P < 0.05). Visceral fat was 34% lower in the HFD + RM mice than in the HFD mice (P < 0.05). The blood glucose AUC was 29% lower and Tnfa and Il1b expression levels were 47% and 59% lower, respectively, in the HFD + RM mice than in the HFD mice (P < 0.05). HFD + RM mice had 40% less hepatic steatosis (P < 0.05) and lower upregulation of PPAR-α (33%), ACOX1 (50%), NRF2 (39%), and HO-1 (68%) protein concentrations than did the HFD mice (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that RM supplementation prevents the obese phenotype observed in HFD-fed mice by downregulating inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion and stimulating hepatic antioxidant and fatty acid oxidation markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Mañán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Amanda D'Espessailles
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Camila G Dossi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Marcela San Martín
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Rodrigo A Mancilla
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Gladys S Tapia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nagao K, Jinnouchi T, Kai S, Yanagita T. Pterostilbene, a dimethylated analog of resveratrol, promotes energy metabolism in obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:151-155. [PMID: 28319852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene) is a dimethylated analog of resveratrol and has been reported to exert various pharmacological effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pterostilbene on the pathogenesis of obesity and energy metabolism in obese rats. Pterostilbene significantly activates silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in vitro. At 4 weeks a 0.5% pterostilbene diet markedly suppressed the abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) accumulation in obese rats. The oxygen consumption and energy expenditure were significantly higher in the pterostilbene group, and pterostilbene increased the fat metabolism rather than the carbohydrate metabolism in obese rats. The mRNA level of uncoupling protein, a thermogenic regulator, was increased and the mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase and leptin, which are involved in lipogenesis and fat storage, were markedly decreased in WAT after the pterostilbene feeding. These results suggest that pterostilbene prevents WAT accumulation through the enhancement of energy metabolism and partly the suppression of lipogenesis in obese OLETF rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nagao
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Jinnouchi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kai
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nishikyushu University, Kanzaki 842-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wooten JS, Nick TN, Seija A, Poole KE, Stout KB. High-Fructose Intake Impairs the Hepatic Hypolipidemic Effects of a High-Fat Fish-Oil Diet in C57BL/6 Mice. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2016; 6:265-274. [PMID: 28003715 PMCID: PMC5157917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overnutrition of saturated fats and fructose is one of the major factors for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Because omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3fa) have established lipid lowering properties, we tested the hypothesis that n-3fa prevents high-fat and fructose-induced fatty liver disease in mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of the following diet groups for 14 weeks: normal diet (ND), high-fat lard-based diet (HFD), HFD with fructose (HFD + Fru), high-fat fish-oil diet (FOD), or FOD + Fru. RESULTS Despite for the development of obesity and insulin resistance, FOD had 65.3% lower (P < 0.001) hepatic triglyceride levels than HFD + Fru, which was blunted to a 38.5% difference (P = 0.173) in FOD + Fru. The lower hepatic triglyceride levels were associated with a lower expression of lipogenic genes LXRα and FASN, as well as the expression of genes associated with fatty acid uptake and triglyceride synthesis, CD36 and SCD1, respectively. Conversely, the blunted hypotriglyceride effect of FOD + Fru was associated with a higher expression of CD36 and SCD1. CONCLUSIONS During overnutrition, a diet rich in n-3fa may prevent the severity of hepatic steatosis; however, when juxtaposed with a diet high in fructose, the deleterious effects of overnutrition blunted the hypolipidemic effects of n-3fa.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACC1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1
- CPT1a, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a
- ChREBP, carbohydrate response element binding protein
- FASN, fatty acid synthase
- FFA, free fatty acid
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- LXRα, liver-X-receptor
- MTTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ
- SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1
- SREBP1c, sterol response element binding protein
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TRL, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- fructose
- lipid metabolism
- lipotoxicity
- n-3fa, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
- overnutrition
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Wooten
- Address for correspondence: Joshua S. Wooten, Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Campus Box 1126, Edwardsville, IL 62026-1126, United States. Fax: +1 618 650 3719.Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleCampus Box 1126EdwardsvilleIL62026-1126United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo L, Li T, Tang Y, Yang L, Huo G. Probiotic properties of Enterococcus strains isolated from traditional naturally fermented cream in China. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:737-745. [PMID: 26200795 PMCID: PMC5072190 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the probiotic properties of Enterococcus strains isolated from traditional naturally fermented cream in China. Four Enterococcus isolates showed high cholesterol removal ability in media were identified as Enterococcus durans (KLDS 6.0930 and 6.0933) and Enterococcus faecalis (KLDS 6.0934 and 6.0935) by 16S rRNA and pheS gene sequences, respectively, and selected for further evaluation. In order to assess the probiotic potential and safety of these strains, the property of four Enterococcus strains were examined, including acid and bile tolerance, adherence to Caco-2 cells and antibiotics susceptibility. All four strains showed potential cholesterol assimilation, de-conjugation of bile salts and/or cholesterol degradation to remove cholesterol in vitro. In addition, the potential effect of E. durans KLDS 6.0930 on serum cholesterol levels was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. After 4 weeks administration, compared with rats fed a high-cholesterol diet without lactic acid bacteria supplementation, there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the serum of rats treated with KLDS 6.0930. Furthermore, total bile acid level in the feces was significantly (P < 0.05) increased after KLDS 6.0930 administration. These observations suggested that the strain E. durans KLDS 6.0930 may be used in the future as a good candidate for lowering human serum cholesterol levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yaru Tang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou Y, Wu Y, Qin Y, Liu L, Wan J, Zou L, Zhang Q, Zhu J, Mi M. Ampelopsin Improves Insulin Resistance by Activating PPARγ and Subsequently Up-Regulating FGF21-AMPK Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159191. [PMID: 27391974 PMCID: PMC4938387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ampelopsin (APL), a major bioactive constituent of Ampelopsis grossedentata, exerts a number of biological effects. Here, we explored the anti-diabetic activity of APL and elucidate the underlying mechanism of this action. In palmitate-induced insulin resistance of L6 myotubes, APL treatment markedly up- regulated phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 and protein kinase B, along with a corresponding increase of glucose uptake capacity. APL treatment also increased expressions of fibroblast growth factor (FGF21) and phosphorylated adenosine 5’-monophosphate -activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), however inhibiting AMPK by Compound C or AMPK siRNA, or blockage of FGF21 by FGF21 siRNA, obviously weakened APL -induced increases of FGF21 and p-AMPK as well as glucose uptake capacity in palmitate -pretreated L6 myotubes. Furthermore, APL could activate PPAR γ resulting in increases of glucose uptake capacity and expressions of FGF21 and p-AMPK in palmitate -pretreated L6 myotubes, whereas all those effects were obviously abolished by addition of GW9662, a specific inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor –γ (PPARγ), and PPARγsiRNA. Using molecular modeling and the luciferase reporter assays, we observed that APL could dock with the catalytic domain of PPARγ and dose-dependently up-regulate PPARγ activity. In summary, APL maybe a potential agonist of PPARγ and promotes insulin sensitization by activating PPARγ and subsequently regulating FGF21- AMPK signaling pathway. These results provide new insights into the protective health effects of APL, especially for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lingyun Zou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qianyong Zhang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dietary component isorhamnetin is a PPARγ antagonist and ameliorates metabolic disorders induced by diet or leptin deficiency. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19288. [PMID: 26775807 PMCID: PMC4726074 DOI: 10.1038/srep19288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ ligands have been focused on agonists. However, PPARγ activation may induce obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most challenging medical conditions. Here, we identified that isorhamnetin, a naturally occurring compound in fruits and vegetables and the metabolite of quercetin, is a novel antagonist of PPARγ. Isorhamnetin treatment inhibited the adipocyte differentiation induced by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone, reduced obesity development and ameliorated hepatic steatosis induced by both high-fat diet treatment and leptin deficiency. Our results suggest that dietary supplement of isorhamnetin may be beneficial to prevent obesity and steatosis and PPARγ antagonists may be useful to treat hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Cell, animal and human studies dealing with carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives as nutritional regulators of adipose tissue biology with implications for the etiology and management of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases are reviewed. Most studied carotenoids in this context are β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, together with β-carotene-derived retinoids and some other apocarotenoids. Studies indicate an impact of these compounds on essential aspects of adipose tissue biology including the control of adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis), adipocyte metabolism, oxidative stress and the production of adipose tissue-derived regulatory signals and inflammatory mediators. Specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives restrain adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy while enhancing fat oxidation and energy dissipation in brown and white adipocytes, and counteract obesity in animal models. Intake, blood levels and adipocyte content of carotenoids are reduced in human obesity. Specifically designed human intervention studies in the field, though still sparse, indicate a beneficial effect of carotenoid supplementation in the accrual of abdominal adiposity. In summary, studies support a role of specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives in the prevention of excess adiposity, and suggest that carotenoid requirements may be dependent on body composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jose A Canas
- Metabolism and Diabetes, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32207, USA
| | - Joan Ribot
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Luisa Bonet M, Canas JA, Ribot J, Palou A. Carotenoids and their conversion products in the control of adipocyte function, adiposity and obesity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:112-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
22
|
Zheng G, Lin L, Zhong S, Zhang Q, Li D. Effects of puerarin on lipid accumulation and metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122925. [PMID: 25822741 PMCID: PMC4378957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the mechanisms by which puerarin from kudzu root extract regulates lipid metabolism, fifty mice were randomly assigned to five groups: normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD containing 0.2%, 0.4% or 0.8% puerarin for 12 weeks. Body weight, intraperitioneal adipose tissue (IPAT) weight, serum biochemical parameters, and hepatic and feces lipids were measured. Activity and mRNA and protein expressions of hepatic lipid metabolism-related enzymes were analyzed. Compared with HFD, 0.4% and 0.8% puerarin significantly decreased body and IPAT weight. There was a significant decrease in the serum and hepatic concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and leptin in mice fed the 0.4% and 0.8% puerarin diets compared with HFD. Fatty acid synthase activity was suppressed in mice fed the 0.4% and 0.8% puerarin diets, while the activities of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), carnitine acyltransferase (CAT) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were increased. mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ 2 (PPARγ 2) was down-regulated in liver of mice fed the 0.8% diet compared with HFD, while mRNA expression of CAT and HSL was considerably up-regulated by 0.4% and 0.8% puerarin diets. The protein expression of PPARγ2 in liver was decreased and those of p-AMPK, HSL and p-HSL were increased in mice fed 0.4% and 0.8% puerarin diets. These results suggest that > 0.4% puerarin influenced the activity, mRNA and protein levels of hepatic lipid metabolism-related enzymes, decreasing serum and liver lipids, body weight gain and fat accumulation. Puerarin might be beneficial to prevent lifestyle-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lezhen Lin
- Library of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shusheng Zhong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gessner DK, Gröne B, Rosenbaum S, Most E, Hillen S, Becker S, Erhardt G, Reiner G, Eder K. Treatment of lactating sows with clofibrate as a synthetic agonist of PPARα does not influence milk fat content and gains of litters. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:54. [PMID: 25888880 PMCID: PMC4355968 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In rats, it has been observed that treatment with activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) disturbs metabolic adaptations during lactation, which in turn lead to a reduction of milk fat content and gains of litters during the suckling period. It has not yet been investigated whether agonists of PPARα are impairing milk production of lactating sows in a similar manner as in rats. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of treatment with clofibrate, a strong synthetic agonist of PPARα, on milk composition and litter gains in lactating sows. Results Twenty lactating sows received either a basal diet (control group) or the same diet with supplementation of 2 g of clofibrate per kg of diet (clofibrate group). In the clofibrate group, mRNA concentrations of various PPARα target genes involved in fatty acid utilization in liver and skeletal muscle were moderately up-regulated. Fat and energy content of the milk and gains of litters during the suckling period were not different between the control group and the clofibrate group. Conclusion It is shown that treatment with clofibrate induces only a moderate up-regulation of PPARα target genes in liver and muscle of lactating sows and in turn might have limited effect on whole body fatty acid utilization. This may be the reason why clofibrate treatment did not influence milk fat content and gains of litters during the suckling period. Thus, the present study indicates that activation of PPARα induced either by native agonists such as dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids or a by negative energy balance might be largely uncritical in lactating sows with respect to milk production and litter gains in lactating sows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Birthe Gröne
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Susann Rosenbaum
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Sonja Hillen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 112, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Becker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 112, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Georg Erhardt
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Ludwigstraße 21b, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Gerald Reiner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 112, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Larsen MC, Bushkofsky JR, Gorman T, Adhami V, Mukhtar H, Wang S, Reeder SB, Sheibani N, Jefcoate CR. Cytochrome P450 1B1: An unexpected modulator of liver fatty acid homeostasis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 571:21-39. [PMID: 25703193 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1b1 (Cyp1b1) expression is absent in mouse hepatocytes, but present in liver endothelia and activated stellate cells. Increased expression during adipogenesis suggests a role of Cyp1b1 metabolism in fatty acid homeostasis. Wild-type C57BL/6j (WT) and Cyp1b1-null (Cyp1b1-ko) mice were provided low or high fat diets (LFD and HFD, respectively). Cyp1b1-deletion suppressed HFD-induced obesity, improved glucose tolerance and prevented liver steatosis. Suppression of lipid droplets in sinusoidal hepatocytes, concomitant with enhanced glycogen granules, was a consistent feature of Cyp1b1-ko mice. Cyp1b1 deletion altered the in vivo expression of 560 liver genes, including suppression of PPARγ, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) and many genes stimulated by PPARα, each consistent with this switch in energy storage mechanism. Ligand activation of PPARα in Cyp1b1-ko mice by WY-14643 was, nevertheless, effective. Seventeen gene changes in Cyp1b1-ko mice correspond to mouse transgenic expression that attenuated diet-induced diabetes. The absence of Cyp1b1 in mouse hepatocytes indicates participation in energy homeostasis through extra-hepatocyte signaling. Extensive sexual dimorphism in hepatic gene expression suggests a developmental impact of estrogen metabolism by Cyp1b1. Suppression of Scd1 and increased leptin turnover support enhanced leptin participation from the hypothalamus. Cyp1b1-mediated effects on vascular cells may underlie these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Campaigne Larsen
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Justin R Bushkofsky
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Tyler Gorman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Vaqar Adhami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Suqing Wang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Colin R Jefcoate
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
D'Espessailles A, Dossi CG, Espinosa A, González-Mañán D, Tapia GS. Dietary Rosa mosqueta (Rosa rubiginosa) oil prevents high diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. Food Funct 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00741k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary Rosa mosqueta (RM, Rosa rubiginosa) oil, rich in α-linolenic acid, in the prevention of liver steatosis were studied in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D'Espessailles
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Chile
- Santiago
| | - Camila G. Dossi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Chile
- Santiago
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Department of Medical Technology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Daniel González-Mañán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Chile
- Santiago
| | - Gladys S. Tapia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Chile
- Santiago
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Y, Yu L, Cai W, Fan S, Feng L, Ji G, Huang C. Protopanaxatriol, a novel PPARγ antagonist from Panax ginseng, alleviates steatosis in mice. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7375. [PMID: 25487878 PMCID: PMC4260220 DOI: 10.1038/srep07375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is prevalent worldwide, and is highly associated with metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and steatosis. Ginseng has been used as food and traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of various metabolic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms how ginseng and its components participate in the regulation of lipogenesis are still largely unclear. Here, we identified that protopanaxatriol (PPT), a major ginseng constituent, inhibited rosiglitazone-supported adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by repressing the expression of lipogenesis-related gene expression. In high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, PPT reduced body weight and serum lipid levels, improved insulin resistance, as well as morphology and lipid accumulation, particular macrovesicular steatosis, in the livers. These effects were confirmed with genetically obese ob/ob mice. A reporter gene assay showed that PPT specifically inhibited the transactivity of PPARγ, but not PPAR α, β/δ and LXR α, β. TR-FRET assay revealed that PPT was specifically bound to PPARγ LBD, which was further confirmed by the molecular docking study. Our data demonstrate that PPT is a novel PPARγ antagonist. The inhibition of PPARγ activity could be a promising therapy for obesity and steatosis. Our findings shed new light on the mechanism of ginseng in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wujie Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institutes of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jordy AB, Serup AK, Karstoft K, Pilegaard H, Kiens B, Jeppesen J. Insulin sensitivity is independent of lipid binding protein trafficking at the plasma membrane in human skeletal muscle: effect of a 3-day, high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1136-45. [PMID: 25163924 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00124.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate lipid-induced regulation of lipid binding proteins in human skeletal muscle and the impact hereof on insulin sensitivity. Eleven healthy male subjects underwent a 3-day hypercaloric and high-fat diet regime. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after the diet intervention, and giant sarcolemmal vesicles were prepared. The high-fat diet induced decreased insulin sensitivity, but this was not associated with a relocation of FAT/CD36 or FABPpm protein to the sarcolemma. However, FAT/CD36 and FABPpm mRNA, but not the proteins, were upregulated by increased fatty acid availability. This suggests a time dependency in the upregulation of FAT/CD36 and FABPpm protein during high availability of plasma fatty acids. Furthermore, we did not detect FATP1 and FATP4 protein in giant sarcolemmal vesicles obtained from human skeletal muscle. In conclusion, this study shows that a short-term lipid-load increases mRNA content of key lipid handling proteins in human muscle. However, decreased insulin sensitivity after a high-fat diet is not accompanied with relocation of FAT/CD36 or FABPpm protein to the sarcolemma. Finally, FATP1 and FATP4 protein was located intracellularly but not at the sarcolemma in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Jordy
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette K Serup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and CFAS, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Jacob Jeppesen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dossi CG, Tapia GS, Espinosa A, Videla LA, D'Espessailles A. Reversal of high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by n-3 LCPUFA: role of PPAR-α and SREBP-1c. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:977-84. [PMID: 24993917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of triacylglycerides in the liver in absence of significant alcohol consumption. Under these conditions, it has been observed an impaired bioavailability of hepatic n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). The aim of this study was to test the reversion of the prosteatotic and proinflammatory effects of high-fat diet (HFD) in the mouse liver by changing to normocaloric diet and n-3 LCPUFA supplementation. Male C57BL/6J mice were given either control diet (CD) or HFD for 12 weeks. Control and HFD groups were divided into subgroups that continue with CD or subjected to CD plus n-3 LCPUFA for 8 additional weeks. After this time, blood and liver samples were taken and metabolic, morphologic, oxidative stress, inflammatory and signaling parameters were analyzed. The dietary change from HFD to a normocaloric diet with n-3 LCPUFA supplementation significantly reduced insulin resistance and liver steatosis when compared to switching HFD to normocaloric diet alone. In addition, HFD-induced increases in adiposity, adipocyte enlargement and liver oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine expression were suppressed by n-3 LCPUFA to control values. Importantly, n-3 LCPUFA supplementation abolish HFD-induced enhancement in hepatic SREBP-1c/PPAR-α ratios, suggesting a change in the metabolic status of the liver from a lipogenic condition to one favoring fatty acid oxidation and steatosis attenuation. These findings may provide the rational basis for the use of normocaloric diets supplemented with n-3 LCPUFA in patients with liver steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila G Dossi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gladys S Tapia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amanda D'Espessailles
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Fat and bone have a complicated relationship. Although obesity has been associated with low fracture risk, there is increasing evidence that some of the factors that are released by peripheral fat into the circulation may also have a deleterious effect on bone mass, thus, predisposing to fractures. More importantly, the local interaction between fat and bone within the bone marrow seems to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis. This "local interaction" occurs inside the bone marrow and is associated with the autocrine and paracrine release of fatty acids and adipokines, which affect the cells in their vicinity including the osteoblasts, reducing their function and survival. In this review, we explore the particularities of the fat and bone cell interactions within the bone marrow, their significance in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, and the potential therapeutic applications that regulating marrow fat may have in the near future as a novel pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bermeo
- Ageing Bone Research Program, Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Level 5, South Block, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW., Australia, 2750
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Feng X, Qin H, Shi Q, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Wu H, Ding S, Niu Z, Lu Y, Shen P. Chrysin attenuates inflammation by regulating M1/M2 status via activating PPARγ. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:503-14. [PMID: 24704474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chrysin (5,7-di-OH-flavone), a widely distributed natural flavonoid, has been well documented for involving in various biological activities, especially in regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activity as a modest modulator. However, the exact molecular mechanism is still unrevealed. In the current study, for the first time, we discovered that, chrysin not only significantly attenuated inflammation in high-fat feeding mice, but also alleviated high fat diet-induced hepatic, muscular steatosis in obese mice without altering the body weight. Chrysin decreases the infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue in obese mice. In addition, chrysin was also found to induce an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and decreases M1 phenotype, both in peritoneal macrophages of obese mice and cultured macrophages in vitro, and thereby, chrysin changed the M1/M2 status. Our data further showed that chrysin regulated the phenotype of macrophages through enhancing the transcriptional activation of PPARγ and the expression of its target genes. Taken together, we conclude that chrysin may serve as an effective modulator of PPARγ during the pathogenesis of inflammation, thereby our findings shed light on the potential therapeutic feature of chrysin in recovering inflammatory diseases via regulating M1/M2 status.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue/immunology
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/pathology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fatty Liver/drug therapy
- Fatty Liver/immunology
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/pathology
- Flavonoids/administration & dosage
- Flavonoids/adverse effects
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myositis/drug therapy
- Myositis/immunology
- Myositis/metabolism
- Myositis/pathology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Obesity/physiopathology
- PPAR gamma/agonists
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Random Allocation
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haohan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), TX 78229, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Feifei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haochen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhiyuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Pingping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fan S, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Yu L, Li M, Zheng B, Wu X, Yang B, Li Y, Huang C. Extract of okra lowers blood glucose and serum lipids in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:702-9. [PMID: 24746837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Okra is an important tropical vegetable and source of dietary medicine. Here, we assayed the effects of an ethanol extract of okra (EO) and its major flavonoids isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside on metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese mouse. We found that treatment with EO, isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside reduced blood glucose and serum insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance in obese mice. Meanwhile, serum triglyceride levels and liver morphology in the mice were significantly ameliorated by EO and isoquercitrin treatment. Total cholesterol levels in isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside treated mice were also reduced. We also found that EO inhibited the expression of nuclear receptor transcription factor PPARγ, which is an important regulator of lipid and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, we determined that EO and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside have antioxidant activity in vitro. Our results indicate that okra may serve as a dietary therapy for hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinhu Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ximin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baican Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hu YC, Zhang Z, Shi WG, Mi TY, Zhou LX, Huang N, Hoptroff M, Lu YH. 2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone promoted glucose uptake and imposed a paradoxical effect on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1898-1904. [PMID: 24517891 DOI: 10.1021/jf405368q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC), one of the flavonoids isolated and purified from the dried flower buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus, was explored for its function in glucose uptake/glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissue cells and its effect and mechanism on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. DMC (10 μM) treatment remarkably promoted glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes (P < 0.05 vs control group), whereas the glucose uptake in L6 myoblasts and glycogen synthesis in HepG2 hepatocytes were not affected by the treatment. DMC had paradoxical effects on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells compared with differentiation control. High concentrations of DMC (10 and 20 μM) markedly diminished lipid accumulation; however, a low concentration of DMC (2.5 μM) enhanced lipid storage in 3T3-L1 cells (P < 0.01 vs differentiation control group), and 5 μM DMC did not impose a significant effect. It was demonstrated that the effect of DMC in lipid accumulation was controlled by the expression of PPAR-γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tapia G, Valenzuela R, Espinosa A, Romanque P, Dossi C, Gonzalez-Mañán D, Videla LA, D'Espessailles A. N-3 long-chain PUFA supplementation prevents high fat diet induced mouse liver steatosis and inflammation in relation to PPAR-α upregulation and NF-κB DNA binding abrogation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1333-41. [PMID: 24436018 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary n-3 long-chain PUFAs (n-3 LCPUFAs) supplementation was studied in an HFD-induced (HFD is high-fat diet) steatosis and inflammation in relation to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice received (i) control diet (10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrate), (ii) control diet plus n-3 LCPUFAs (daily doses of 108 mg/kg body weight of eicosapentaenoic acid plus 92 mg/kg body weight of docosahexaenoic acid), (iii) HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrate), or (iv) HFD plus n-3 LCPUFAs for 12 wk. PPAR-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β mRNA expression, acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), and carnitine-acyl-CoA transferase 1 (CAT-I) protein contents, and NF-κB DNA binding activity were measured. HFD significantly decreased liver PPAR-α, ACOX1, and CAT-I levels with NF-κB activation, higher TNF-α and IL-1β expression, and steatosis development. These changes were either reduced or normalized to control values in animals subjected to HFD plus n-3 LCPUFAs, with establishment of an inverse association between NF-κB activation and PPAR-α mRNA expression (r = -0.66, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Data presented indicate that n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation prevents liver steatosis and inflammation induced by HFD, with underlying mechanisms involving enhanced PPAR-α signaling and diminished NF-κB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Tapia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gu M, Zhang Y, Fan S, Ding X, Ji G, Huang C. Extracts of Rhizoma polygonati odorati prevent high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in C57BL/6 mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81724. [PMID: 24312343 PMCID: PMC3843710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce belongs to the genus Polygonatum family of plants. In traditional Chinese medicine, the root of Polygonatum odoratum, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, is used both for food and medicine to prevent and treat metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity and cardiovascular disease. However, there is no solid experimental evidence to support these applications, and the underlying mechanism is also needed to be elucidated. Here, we examined the effect of the extract of Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati (ER) on metabolic disorders in diet-induced C57BL/6 obese mice. In the preventive experiment, the ER blocked body weight gain, and lowered serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and fasting blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT), reduced the levels of serum insulin and leptin, and increased serum adiponectin levels in mice fed with a high-fat diet significantly. In the therapeutic study, we induced obesity in the mice and treated the obese mice with ER for two weeks. We found that ER treatments reduced serum TG and fasting blood glucose, and improved glucose tolerance in the mice. Gene expression analysis showed that ER increased the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) γ and α and their downstream target genes in mice livers, adipose tissues and HepG2 cells. Our data suggest that ER ameliorates metabolic disorders and enhances the mRNA expression of PPARs in obese C57BL/6 mice induced by high-fat diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ding X, Guo L, Zhang Y, Fan S, Gu M, Lu Y, Jiang D, Li Y, Huang C, Zhou Z. Extracts of pomelo peels prevent high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in c57bl/6 mice through activating the PPARα and GLUT4 pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77915. [PMID: 24147098 PMCID: PMC3797771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Metabolic syndrome is a serious health problem in both developed and developing countries. The present study investigated the anti-metabolic disorder effects of different pomelo varieties on obese C57BL/6 mice induced by high-fat (HF) diet. Design The peels of four pomelo varieties were extracted with ethanol and the total phenols and flavonoids content of these extracts were measured. For the animal experiment, the female C57BL/6 mice were fed with a Chow diet or a HF diet alone or supplemented with 1% (w/w) different pomelo peel extracts for 8 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured every other day. At the end of the treatment, the fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin (INS) tolerance test, serum lipid profile and insulin levels, and liver lipid contents were analyzed. The gene expression analysis was performed with a quantitative real-time PCR assay. Result The present study showed that the Citrus grandis liangpinyou (LP) and beibeiyou (BB) extracts were more potent in anti-metabolic disorder effects than the duanshiyou (DS) and wubuyou (WB) extracts. Both LP and BB extracts blocked the body weight gain, lowered fasting blood glucose, serum TC, liver lipid levels, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, and lowered serum insulin levels in HF diet-fed mice. Compared with the HF group, LP and BB peel extracts increased the mRNA expression of PPARα and its target genes, such as FAS, PGC-1α and PGC-1β, and GLUT4 in the liver and white adipocyte tissue (WAT). Conclusion We found that that pomelo peel extracts could prevent high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in C57BL/6 mice through the activation of the PPARα and GLUT4 signaling. Our results indicate that pomelo peels could be used as a dietary therapy and the potential source of drug for metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy Agricultural Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stancu CS, Sanda GM, Deleanu M, Sima AV. Probiotics determine hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:559-68. [PMID: 24105997 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and the oxidative stress are among the known risk factors of atherosclerosis. Our aim was to assess the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of a probiotic mix (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis) in hyperlipidemic hamsters (HL). METHODS AND RESULTS Male Golden Syrian hamsters developed hyperlipidemia after 21 weeks of fat diet. For the last 5 weeks of experiment, ten HL were treated with the probiotic mix (HLP), ten received water (HL). Ten animals received standard chow (N). Increase of plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL), oxidized LDL, glucose, of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in plasma, liver, and myocardium, and of intestinal Niemann Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) and microsomal TG transfer protein (MTTP) expression was observed in HL versus N. The probiotic mix decreased plasma TC, TG, PL, oxidized LDL, 4-HNE, and glucose levels and increased paraoxonase-1 activity, decreased NPC1L1 and MTTP protein expression compared to HL. In HLP liver, a significant reduction of TC, TG, and fatty acids was observed. PL increased and 4-HNE levels decreased in the liver and myocardium of HLP versus HL. CONCLUSION Our data support the administration of probiotics to humans because of their hypolipidemic (through decreasing intestinal NPC1L1 and MTTP) and antioxidant effects (stimulating HDL-associated paraoxonase-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Sorina Stancu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fan S, Guo L, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Yang B, Huang C. Okra polysaccharide improves metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2075-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Lu Guo
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Qinhu Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Baican Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|